Mc lc

1
1. Gii thiu v Frame relay v mt s c s kin thc
!. M"n# Frame relay
$. %&"t 'n# c(a m"n# Frame relay
). *+u tr,c khun# c(a Frame relay
-. Frame relay v m. h/nh 012
3. Gia& 4in 5u6n l7 ni h"t 8M2
9. *:c 4;ch v c(a Frame relay
<. *:c m. h/nh Frame relay
=. >iu khi?n cuc #@i Frame relay
AB2 82CD A%EM F%G0
2
5
5
9
13
14
15
17
19
23
1. Gii thiu v Frame relay v mt s c s kin thc
Frame relay l chuyn mch gi nhanh. C th xem nh l phin !"n
#$n gi"n c%a &.25. 'h(ng nh &.25) #*c thi+t ,+ ch- #.ng truy/n t0c #1
th2p 3 t4 l5 l6i ca-) 7rame relay #*c thi+t ,+ ch- #.ng truy/n t0c #1 ca-
3 ,h(ng nhi8u 9:err-r 7ree;<. =ia- th>c c%a 7rame relay ch4 ?nh ch- gia-
ti+p gi@a uAer 3 mng. C cu chuyn khung ca frame relay trong
mng ty thuc vo nh cung cp mng.
BCch 3D 3Et mang c$ !"n cung c2p !Fi mng l #"m !"- truy/n cGc
,hung #Hng trEt tI tJ phKa mng c%a m1t gia- ?i5n uAerLnetM-r, #+n phKa
mng c%a m1t gia- ?i5n uAerLnetM-r, ,hGc. 'hung #*c #Cnh tuy+n Nua
mng nh. nhOn #Knh ,Pm) # l #Cnh ?anh l-gic 3 c Q nghRa cDc !1) #Cnh
?anh l-gic AS #*c ni rT h$n F phUn Aau.
VWi m6i n0i ,+t) 3Et mang ?Cch 3DX
Cung c2p 3i5c truy/n the- c" 2 hWng c%a ,hung
Y"m !"- trEt tI !an #Uu ti gia- ?i5n uAerLnetM-r, ,hi chHng #*c
phZn ph0i #+n cGc #Uu cu0i ,hGc.
[hGt hi5n l6i truy/n) #Cnh ?ng) h-t #1ng 93K ?D ,hung 3Wi nhOn
,h(ng !i+t<
\ruy/n cGc ,hung ?@ li5u uAer m1t cGch minh !ch
]h^c li 3/ &.25) #Zy l ph$ng th>c chuyn mch gi th(ng
th.ng) n c_ng xGc #Cnh cGc gia- th>c gi@a uAer 3 mng nhng #`ng th.i
n can "nh hFng #+n c$ c2u !n tr-ng mng. b1t A0 #cc tKnh c%a &.25
nh AauX
dG- hi5u tr-ng !eng
'im A-Gt l6i 3 ,im A-Gt lu`ng #*c thIc hi5n F lWp 2 3 lWp 3
Chuyn mch F lWp 2) #Cnh tuy+n 3 ghfp ,nh F lWp 3
]h*c #imX t0c #1 th2p ?- ,im A-Gt l6i tJng chcng) lWp h-t #1ng
g`m c" lWp 2 3 lWp 3 nn lm teng #1 ph>c tp.
dZy gi. ta xft c$ ch+ ,im A-Gt l6i tr-ng mng chuyn mch gi 3 mng
Frame relay nh hgnh 1.1 h1i.
jgnh 1.1. 'im A-Gt l6i tr-ng mng chuyn mch gi 3 7rame relay
bng chuyn mch gi ?kng ph$ng phGp ,im A-Gt l6i point-to-
pointX ,hi gi tin #*c gli 3- mng thg mng AS ,im A-Gt l6i F tJng
chcng # #"m !"- gi tin #+n #Kch ,h(ng c l6i. B- #) tr8 truy/n lWn.
2
bng 7rame relay ?kng ph$ng phGp ,im A-Gt l6i end-to-endX mng
chuyn gi tin #+n #Kch) n+u c l6i thg #Uu cu0i AS yu cUu truy/n li tin.
[h$ng phGp ny c #1 tr8 nhm h$n.
[h$ng phGp ?kng tr-ng hgnh 1.1.a l c th Gp ?Dng n+u xGc Au2t l6i lWn
trn mni tuy+n c%a mng nhng ,h(ng thKch h*p ch- truy/n th(ng A0 hi5n
#i. bng ngy nay Al ?Dng ph$ng phGp truy/n ?on A0 ch% y+u ?kng cGp
Nuang 3Wi #1 tin cEy) ch2t l*ng 3 t0c #1 r2t ca-. Vg 3Ey) ,im A-Gt l6i
nh &.25 ,h(ng nh@ng ,h(ng can cUn thi+t m can lm giWi hn t0c #1.
Frame relay #*c thi+t ,+ # gi"m th(ng tin #Cnh tuy+n tr-ng &.25 3Wi m1t
A0 #cc #imX
dG- hi5u trn ,+t n0i l-gic ring !i5t 3Wi ?@ li5u c%a uAer. B- # cGc
n-?e chuyn mch trung gian ,h(ng cUn ph"i lu th(ng tin #i/u
,hin.
j-t #1ng ch% y+u F lWp 2.
'h(ng #i/u ,hin l6i tJng chcng
jgnh 1.1.! ch- th2y m1t ,hung ?@ li5u #*c gli #+n #Kch 3 m1t xGc
nhEn #*c t- F lWp ca- h$n mang tr-ng m1t ,hung gli the- hWng ng*c
li.
pu #im c%a 7rame relay l tKnh h*p lK tr-ng ti+n trgnh truy/n th(ng
nh. gi"m thiu m1t A0 ti+n trgnh tr-ng mng. ]h. #) th.i gian thIc hi5n
nhanh h$n) !eng th(ng r1ng h$n 9t 2Mbps n 34Mbps< 3 hi5u Nu" ?kng
!eng th(ng ca- h$n.
]h*c #im chKnh c%a 7rame relay l ,h(ng #i/u ,hin l6i tJng
chcng # teng #1 tin cEy. \uy nhin nh*c #im ny c th ,h^c phDc nh.
cGc ph$ng ti5n truy/n ?on) chuyn mch c #1 tin cEy ca-.
ChKnh 3g 3Ey) q\rL\ #O #/ xu2t Frame relay 3 #*c s]tq 9bu<
c(ng nhEn 3- nem 19v4 3Wi cGc mDc tiu AauX t- gia- ?i5n chuwn # ,+t
n0i cGc thi+t !C gi@a uAer 3 netM-r, 3Wi cGc ch>c neng ghfp ,nh) #Cnh
tuy+n #/u thIc hi5n F lWp 2 nhxm #$n gi"n ha ch>c neng #Cnh tuy+n ch-
cGc ,hung ?- cGc n-?e chuyn mch ,h(ng ph"i lu th(ng tin #i/u ,hin
l6i) ,im A-Gt lu`ng F lWp 2) # c(ng 3i5c ny ch- lWp ca- h$n. ]h. #) c
th gi"m #1 tr8 tr-ng mng m ,h(ng hi Ainh tKnh t-n 3yn ?@ li5u.
]h@ng u #im c #*c c%a 7rame relay l nh. ,+t h*p cGc u #im
c%a 3i5c ?kng chung thi+t !C c%a &.25 l th(ng l*ng ca- c%a \Bb nh
!"ng 1.1.
\0c #1 Y1 tr8 \h(ng l*ng t\Bb
&.25 \hay #zi {Wn \h2p C
\Bb C0 #Cnh |2t nhm Ca- 'h(ng
Frame relay \hay #zi ]hm Ca- C
d"ng 1.1. t- AGnh \Bb) &.25 3 Frame relay
\r-ng #) th(ng l*ng l ?ung l*ng thEt c th truy/n t0i #a tr-ng m1t
#$n 3C th.i gian c%a ,nh truy/n.
3
t\Bb 91tatiAtic Aime Hi3iAi-n Multiplexing<X ghfp ,nh th0ng , the-
th.i gian.
Frame relay cung c2p ph$ng th>c ghfp ,nh th0ng , nhi/u ,nh "-
(Virtual circuit-VC) trn ,nh truy/n 3Et lQ ?uy nh2t. b1t VC l m1t n0i ,+t
l-gic gi@a hai thi+t !C) 3g 3Ey nhi/u VC c th t`n ti trn ckng m1t gia- ?i5n 3Et
lQ. Yi/u ny t$ng ph"n 3Wi ghfp ,nh phZn chia the- th.i gian 9\Bb<.
&ft 3K ?D 3Wi #.ng ?Zy thu !a- \1 91)544b!pA<) ,hung \1 lWp 3Et lQ
#*c chia thnh 32 ,he th.i gian l-gic9,nh<) m6i ,nh c !eng th(ng
}4,!pA.
jgnh 1.2. Y.ng ?Zy thu !a- 3 cGc ,he th.i gianh2i
\r-ng 3K ?D ny) \1 #*c chia thnh 5 n0i ,+t. \imeAl-t 1L4 thu1c 3/
rem-tes) timeAl-t 5L12 thu1c 3/ rem-ted) timeAl-t 13L2~ thu1c 3/
rem-teC) timeAl-t 21L23 thu1c 3/ rem-teB) timeAl-t 24 thu1c 3/ rem-te
VCA c_ng Al ?Dng cGch t$ng tI nh trn.
\uy nhin) ph$ng phGp \Bb nh trn c%a #.ng ?Zy thu !a- c
nh*c #im l m6i ngu`n ?@ li5u #*c gGn c0 #Cnh ch- m1t A0 ,he th.i
gian nn !eng th(ng ,h(ng #*c Al ?Dng linh h-t 3 c th lOng phK n+u
cGc ,he th.i gian !C !m tr0ng ?- ,h(ng c ?@ li5u truy/n.
Frame relay) 3Wi VCA) c u #im h$n. VC ,h(ng lin Nuan #+n !2t ,g
nh@ng ,he th.i gian ring !i5t n- trn n0i ,+t \1 phZn ,nh. VWi 7rame
relay) !2t c> ,he th.i gian n- c_ng c th Al ?Dng # truy/n ?@ li5u. C
nghRa l m1t VC c_ng c th ?kng h+t !eng th(ng c%a \1) ?- # 3i5c Al
?Dng !eng th(ng trF nn linh h-t. YZy chKnh l u #im c%a ghp k!nh
th"ng k! theo th#i gian A- 3Wi ghfp ,nh phZn chia the- th.i gian nh trn.
d"ng 2 AS tzng ,+t li AI ,hGc nhau c$ !"n gi@a &.25 3 Frame relay
4
F|]B F|sB F|sB F|]B
F|sb
|{s
]\|'
F|sb
|{s
]\|'
F.| r]q F.| r]q
&.25 Frame relay
t\Bb C C
{Wp h-t #1ng tr-ng m(
hgnh tq
3 2
'im A-Gt l6i C 'h(ng
\ruy/n li ,hi c l6i C) ti m6i n-?e
'h(ng) ch4 thIc
hi5n ti #Uu cu0i
lWp ca- h$n
d"ng 1.2. t- AGnh &.25 3 Frame relay
!. M"n# Frame relay
=ia- th>c 7rame relay #Cnh nghRa gia- ti+p gi@a thi+t !C c%a uAer 3 mng 3En
chuyn ,hung. ] ,h(ng xGc #Cnh c$ c2u truy/n tr-ng mng.]h cung c2p mng
Al ?Dng cGc gia- th>c ,hGc nhau # truy/n ,hung c%a uAer.
jgnh 2.1. bng 7rame relay
CGc thnh phUn c2u thnh nn mng Frame relayX
F|sBLthi+t !C c%a uAer chng hn nh cGc r-uterC ti li5u ?kng
B\ 9data terminal equipment<L thi+t !C #Uu cu0i ?@ li5u thay ch-
F|sB
F|]BLthi+t !C mng c th l cGc chuyn mch. \r-ng m1t A0 ti
li5u ng.i ta ?kng thuEt ng@ BC 9data circuit-terminating
quipment<Lthi+t !C #Uu cu0i mng thay ch- F|]B.
=ia- ?i5n chung ch- F|sB 3 F|]B l #.ng ,+t n0i gi@a cGc
thi+t !C 3 gia- th>c gi@a ng.i 3 mng l F.| r]q 9Frame relay
uAer netM-r, inter7ace<.
$. %&"t 'n# c(a m"n# Frame relay
j-t #1ng c%a mng Frame relay !a- g`mX
\ruy/n ,hung F|
Yi/u ,hin t^c nghSn
=ia- ?i5n Nu"n lQ n1i ht {bqX l #cc tKnh #*c #/ nghC # tra- #zi
th(ng tin trng thGi c%a thi+t !C truy cEp 7rame relay 3 mng) #*c
5
Al ?Dng ch- mDc #Kch Nu"n lQ 3 ch- phfp hai thi+t !C ,+t n0i trIc
ti+p # chia A th(ng tin trng thGi c_ng nh c2u hgnh VC
\r-ng phUn ny ta ch% y+u Nuan tZm #+n h-t #1ng truy/n ,hung) {bq AS
#*c lm rT tr-ng phUn Aau.
Aruyn khun#
Y #"m !"- truy/n ,hung #Hng #Ca) chKnh xGc) nhanh) Frame relay Al ?Dng
cGc tr.ng AauX
B{Cq 9Bata lin, c-nnecti-n i?enti7ier<X nhi/u ,+t n0i "- c th ghfp
trn m1t ,+t n0i l-gic) ?- ? m6i ,+t n0i "- cUn m1t #Cnh ?anh ring
# trGnh nhUm lon) # l #Cnh ?anh n0i ,+t "- B{Cq.
Cq| 9C-mmitte? in7-rmati-n rate<X l t0c #1 cam ,+t th.ng xuyn
#t #*c gi@a ,hGch hng 3 nh cung c2p ?Cch 3D.
Cdq| 9C-mmitte? !urAt in7-rmati-n rate<X ,hi l*ng tin cUn truy/n
NuG lWn) mng Frame relay 3on ch- phfp truy/n F t0c #1 ca- h$n
cam ,+t t>c ti t0c #1 Cdq| tr-ng ,h-"ng th.i gian r2t ng^n l \c.
'h-"ng th.i gian \c phD thu1c 3- Cq| 3 #1 nghSn mng.
dit B 9BiAcar? eligi!ility !it<X #*c Aet !xng :1; ,hi t0c #1 truy/n
3*t Cq|. ]h@ng ,hung c B1 AS c m>c u tin th2p nn AS u
tin l-i ,hi c nghSn 3 #Uu cu0i ph"i phGt li ,hung.
VWi tVC) B{Cq #*c c2p phGt tr-ng Au0t ti+n trgnh thi+t lEp cu1c gni.
VWi [VC) B{Cq #*c c2p phGt trWc !Fi nh cung c2p mng.
B{Cq c Q nghRa cDc !1) c nghRa l thi+t !C #Uu cu0i ti hai #Uu cu0i ,hGc
nhau c%a m1t n0i ,+t c th Al ?Dng B{Cq ,hGc nhau. &ft 3K ?D nh hgnh
3.1 h4i.
jgnh 3.1. YCa ch4 tr-ng Frame relay
}
\r-ng hgnh trn) gi" Al 2 [VC) m1t gi@a stlanta 3 {-A sngeleA) m1t
gi@a tan -Ae 3 [ittA!urgh. {-A sngeleA ?kng B{Cq 12 ch- [VC c%a n
3Wi stlanta) tr-ng ,hi stlanta ?kng B{Cq v2. \$ng tI tan -Ae Al ?Dng
B{Cq 12 ch- [VC c%a n. bng Al ?Dng cGc c$ ch+ !n tr-ng # gi@ ch- 2
#Cnh ?anh [VC c Q nghRa cDc !1 phZn !i5t nhau.
'+t thHc m6i !yte B{Cq l !it #Ca ch4 mF r1ng s) n+u !it ny l m1t thg
!yte B{Cq hi5n ti l !yte cu0i.
>;a chI t&n cc
]h #O #Cnh nghRa F trn) 7rame relay c$ !"n ch4 cung c2p giG trC
tr.ng B{Cq # #Cnh ?anh [CV c Q nghRa cDc !1. \r-ng tr.ng h* ny)
,h(ng c #Ca ch4 # #Cnh ?anh gia- ?i5n mng hay n-?e #Knh ,Pm 3Wi gia-
?i5n ny. C nghRa l) 3Wi #Ca ch4 7rame relay th(ng th.ng) ph"i c m1t A$
#` tRnh #*c t- ra # ch- r-uter !i+t B{Cq n- ?kng # tgm thi+t !C F xa 3
#Ca ch4 mng lin Nuan c%a n.
[hUn mF r1ng #Ca ch4 t-n cDc ch- phfp #Cnh ?anh nHt. VWi phUn mF
r1ng ny) cGc giG trC #*c chPn 3- tr-ng tr.ng B{Cq c%a m1t 7rame l
nh@ng #Ca ch4 c Q nghRa t-n cDc c%a thi+t !C #Uu cu0i uAer 9chng hn nh
r-uter...<.
jgnh 3.2. \ra- #zi #Ca ch4 t-n cDch4i
\r-ng hgnh trn) m6i gia- ?i5n 9inter7ace< c #Cnh ?anh c%a n. =i" Al
[ittA!urgh gli m1t ,hung #+n tan -Ae. YCnh ?anh ch- tan -Ae l 12) 3g
3Ey [ittA!urgh #ct giG trC 12 3- tr.ng B{Cq 3 gli ,hung #+n mng. \i
#im cu0i) n1i ?ung tr.ng B{Cq #*c thay #zi !Fi mng thnh 13 # ph"n
Gnh n-?e ngu`n c%a ,hung. b6i gia- ?i5n r-uter c giG trC phZn !i5t nh
#Cnh ?anh n-?e c%a n) 3g 3Ey cGc thi+t !C ring rS c th #*c phZn !i5t.
7
Yim #i/u ,hin
Frame relay B\1
B\2
B\3
B\5
B\4
d1 xl lQ ,hung
B{Cq~
B{Cq~
B{Cq~
B{Cq~
B{Cq~
BC{q312
BC{q3~}
BC{q3~} BC{q322
BC{q334
&ft m1t 3K ?D 3/ h-t #1ng #i/u ,hin ,hung tr-ng hgnh 3.3.
jgnh 3.3. 'im A-Gt ,hung
jgnh 3.3 trgnh !y h-t #1ng ,im A-Gt ,hung tr-ng # cGc uAer
#*c n0i trIc ti+p tWi !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung Nua cGc ,nh 3Et lQ ,hGc nhau.
Vi5c ti+n hnh Nuy+t #Cnh l-gic nh m1t m-?ule ring l #im #i/u ,hin
7rame relay. b-?ule ny phk h*p 3Wi cGc Nuy+t #Cnh #Cnh tuy+n.
'+t n0i l-gic c%a B\ #+n #im #i/u ,hin 7rame relay c B{Cq~.
'hi uAer gli m1t ,hung mang th(ng tin #Ca ch4 #Kch 3 th(ng tin uAer) mng
AS ?kng th(ng tin ny # #Cnh tuy+n trn mng) 3K ?D ,hung tJ B\3 trn
,+t n0i l-gic c B{Cq3~} #*c truy/n #+n B\5 trn ,+t n0i l-gic c
B{Cq322.
Vi5c #Cnh tuy+n #*c thIc hi5n !Fi F|]B 3 #Cnh ,hung 7rame relay
the- gia- th>c {s[LB h-cc {s[LF 9{in, acceAA pr-t-c-l B h-cc F<.
YCnh tuy+n #*c #i/u ,hin !Fi cGc ch4 mDc tr-ng !"ng #Cnh tuy+n ?Ia trn
cGc giG trC B{Cq m Gnh x #+n cGc ,hung #Uu 3- tJ ,nh ny #+n ,nh
,hGc) ,im A-Gt ,hung chuyn mch tJ ,nh ngT 3- #+n ,nh ngT ra.
\J hgnh 3.3) ta cng th! nhi"u n#i $t l%gic t &'(4 )*c gh+p tr,n c-ng
$,nh ./t l01
v
&ft 3K ?D 3/ #Cnh tuy+n m1t ,hung tr-ng mng 7rame relay tJ r-uter
trn ,+t n0i l-gic B{Cq1~2 #+n r-uter trn ,+t n0i l-gic B{Cq2~1 Nua
cGc n-?e chuyn mch trung gian s) d) C) B 9nh. thuEt t-Gn #Cnh tuy+n
n- #<.
jgnh 3.4. YCnh tuy+n tr-ng mng
Vi5c #Cnh tuy+n ?Ia 3- !"ng #Cnh tuy+n AauX
]-?e B{Cq 3- [-rt 3- B{Cq ra [-rt ra
s 1~2 ~ 432 1
d 432 3 119 1
C 119 3 579 2
B 579 2 2~1 1
d"ng 3.1. d"ng th(ng tin #Cnh tuy+n
). *+u tr,c khun# c(a Frame relay
jgnh 4.1. C2u trHc ,hung 7rame relayh4i
\r.ng Bata can gni l tr.ng th(ng tin q 9qn7-rmati-n<
CD th h$n nh hgnh 4.2.
9
jgnh 4.2. C2u trHc ,hung 7rame relayh5i
Fla# JFK
'hFi #Uu 3 ,+t thHc m1t ,hung
C giG trC ~111111~d
'hi c th(ng tin gi0ng c. 9trn 5 !Kt lin ti+p< thg chPn them !it ~
3- 3C trK !it th> AGu.
E44ress JEK
=`m hai h-cc nhi/u h$n hai !yte.
dit s 9exten?e? a??reAA<X l !it #Ca ch4 mF r1ng ?kng # mF r1ng
tr.ng #Ca ch4. dgnh th.ng 92 !yteA< s1~) s21. 'hi mF r1ng
3 !yteA thg s1~) s2~) s31. \m li) '+t thHc m6i !yte
B{Cq l !it #Ca ch4 mF r1ng s) n+u !it ny l m1t thg !yte B{Cq
hi5n ti l !yte cu0i.
B{Cq 9} !itA< C| s1
B{Cq 94 !itA< FC] dC] B s2
B{Cq 9} !itA< C| s1
B{Cq 94 !itA< FC] dC] B s2
B{Cq 97 !itA< s3
jgnh 4.3. \r.ng #Ca ch4 2 !yteA 3 3 !yteA
B{CqX YCnh ?anh n0i ,+t "-) #Cnh ?anh n0i ,+t l-gic #*c ghfp 3Wi
,nh 3Et lK. dgnh th.ng tr.ng ny c th #Cnh ?anh ch-
1~
2 1~24 =
#Ca ch4. 'hi mF r1ng 3 !yteA thg B{Cq #Cnh ?anh t0i #a
17
2 #Ca ch4.
B{Cq c th mF r1ng thnh 4 !yteA #Ca ch4 3Wi s1~) s2~)
s3~) s41.
1~
B{Cq h*p l5 ch- #Ca ch4 2 !yteX
~ dG- hi5u tr-ng ,nh
1L15 BI tr@
1}L991 C2p phGt tWi n0i ,+t
992L1~~7 u"n lQ lWp 2 c%a 3Et mang ?Cch 3D 7rame
relay
1~~vL1~22 BI tr@
1~23 u"n lQ lWp tr-ng ,nh
d"ng 4.1. B{Cq ch- #Ca ch4 2 !yteA
ji5n ti) cGc chuwn #Gp >ng ch- c" [VC 3 tVC. \uy nhin) hUu h+t
?Cch 3D 7rame relay ch4 #Gp >ng ch- [VC. VWi tVC) B{Cq #*c c2p
phGt tr-ng Au0t ti+n trgnh thi+t lEp cu1c gni. VWi [VC) B{Cq #*c
c2p phGt trWc !Fi nh cung c2p mng. [VC 3 tVC AS trgnh !y
tr-ng phUn Aau.
dit B 9BiAcar? !it<X #Gnh ?2u cGc ,hung #*c truy/n 3*t t0c #1
Cq|. dgnh th.ng B~) ,hi ,hung truy/n 3*t Cq| thg B1 3
,hung u tin l-i !m ,hi nghSn mng.
dit C| 9c-mman?reAp-n?<X !it l5nh#Gp >ng) ?kng # hmi 3 #Gp
nhng mng 7rame relay ,h(ng ?kng m ch4 ?nh ch- F|sB Al
?Dng ,hi cUn tra- #zi th(ng tin. dit ny ?- F|sB #ct giG trC 3 #*c
gi@ nguyn ,hi truy/n Nua mng.
ditA FC] 3 dC]
1. FC] 9F-rMar?e? xplicit C-ngeAti-n ]-ti7icati-n<X #*c
Aet !xng :1; !Fi chuyn mch 9n-?e mng< # th(ng !G- ch-
thi+t !C c%a uAer !n nhEn !i+t c nghSn ,hi ,hung #*c
truy/n Nua mng.
2. dC] 9dac,Mar? xplicit C-ngeAti-n ]-ti7icati-n<X #*c Aet
!xng :1; !Fi chuyn mch 9n-?e mng< # th(ng !G- ch-
thi+t !C c%a uAer phGt !i+t ,hung #*c truy/n Nua ,+t n0i c
nghSn.
11
jWng 'h(ng ngSn
]ghSn sd
V ds
sd
ds
FC] dC]
~ ~
~ ~
FC] dC]
1 1
1 1
jWng
]ghSn sd
'h(ng nghSn ds
'h(ng nghSn sd
]ghSn ds
sd
ds
FC] dC]
1 ~
~ 1
FC] dC]
~ 1
1 ~
d"ng 4.2. FC] 3 dC]
jgnh 4.4. binh hna ch- !it B
dcX l*ng ?@ li5u t0i #a mng ch2p nhEn truy/n tr-ng th.i gian \c.
deX l*ng ?@ li5u t0i #a mng ,h(ng #"m !"- truy/n t0t nhng 3on thl
truy/n.
\cX
dc
\c
Cq|
l ,h-"ng th.i gian F|sB ch- phfp gli dc thEm chK l
de.
2nL&rmati&n J2K M trNOn# th.n# tin
C #1 ?i thay #zi. {s[LF #1 ?i 4~9} t$ng >ng 3Wi qtB]) #0i
3Wi >ng ?Dng phi qtB] thg #1 ?i v19} h-cc h$n.
=`m th(ng tin ?@ li5u c%a uAer 3 th(ng tin 3/ gia- th>c tJng lWp Al
?Dng [Cq # th(ng !G- ch- lWp t$ng >ng !n nhEn !i+t.
%ai Pytes F*1 JLrame check se5uenceK
'im tra C|C 9cyclic re?un?ancy chec,< ch- ,hung.
Ya th>c Ainh l
1} 12 5
x x x 1
da- hm th> tI ,hung) #*c thi+t !C #Uu cu0i uAer 9F|sB< Al ?Dng
# ,im tra) n+u phGt hi5n l6i thg AS h%y ,hung # !xng gia- th>c lWp
trn c%a 7rame relay 3 !G- ch- F|sB phGt li.
12
dc
de
BiAcar? uG m>c
C th #*c
'hGch hng #eng ,K
Cq|
-. Frame relay v m. h/nh 012
jgnh 5.1. &.25 3 Frame relay 3 m( hgnh tq
{Wp 3Et lK c%a 7rame relay c$ !"n gi0ng lWp 3Et lK c%a &.25.
{Wp lin ,+t c%a 7rame relay ch4 thIc hi5n ch>c neng lTi c%a lWp lin ,+t
t$ng >ng c%a &.25.
13
jinh 5.2. Frame relay 3 m( hgnh tq
8Q vRt lS c(a Lrame relay
YCnh nghRa gia- ?i5n 3Et lQ chung gi@a thi+t !C uAer 3 thi+t !C mng.
BIa trn cGc chuwn hi5n ti 3 phD thu1c 3- thi+t !C 3 t0c #1 truy cEp
#*c ?kng !Fi uAer. Frame relay ?kng F t0c #1 ca- nn 3on hay ?kng gia-
?i5n
V35.
14
{s[LF
&21) V35 inter7ace
jgnh 5.3. {Wp 1h5i
\0c #1 truy cEp c th l 5},!pA h-cc th2p h$n. Y.ng truy/n \1
,h(ng phZn ,nh c th cung c2p !eng th(ng 1)344b!pA 3Wi #Cnh ?ng
Aiu ,hung hay 1)53}b!pA 3Wi #Cnh ?ng Aiu ,hung mF r1ng.
8Q liTn kt 4U liu c(a Lrame relay
tl ?Dng ?Cch 3D c%a lWp 3Et lK 3 cung c2p cGc ?Cch 3D Aau ch- lWp ca- h$nX
]hEn ?i5n c.
\- 3 ,im tra FCt 97rame chec, AeNuence<
]hEn ?i5n ,hung h*p l5
j%y !m ,hung ,h(ng chKnh xGc
YCnh tuy+n
\h(ng !G- #i/u ,hin t^c nghSn
{Wp ny #Cnh nghRa th l5 3 th% tDc tuy+n n0i) #*c xem nh {s[ 9gia-
th>c truy cEp lin ,+t<. Frame relay hi5n ?kng hai l-i {s[LB 3 {s[LF.
{Wp 2 c%a F| chia thnh hai lWp l rpper Functi-n 3 C-re Functi-nX
rpper Functi-nX Yi/u ,hin B{Cq
C-re Functi-nX 'im A-Gt # ,hung ,h(ng !C m2t hay #Hp) ,im tra
#1 ?i ,hung) phZn tKch l6i truy/n ?on Nua FCt 3 #i/u ,hin nghSn
!xng FC]dC].
3. Gia& 4in 5u6n l7 ni h"t 8M2
\h(ng !G- trng thGi ch- thi+t !C #Uu cu0i 9hi5u ch4nh) !z Aung) gi"i
phng<) #i/u ,hin 3 giGm AGt gia- ti+p 3 trng thGi thu !a- 9gi@a
F|sB 3 F|]B<.
{bq ?kng # #i/u ,hin ,+t n0i gi@a uAer 3 mng 3 thIc hi5n cGc nhi5m
3DX
Y"m !"- n0i ,+t gi@a uAer 3 mng lu(n h-t #1ng
\h(ng !G- AI thay #zi [VC
[hZn ph0i !"n tin 3/ trng thGi 3 tKnh hi5u ?Dng c%a cGc ,nh
j-t #1ng nh th% tDc them ?a gi@a uAer 3 mng. d"n tin them ?a 3 !"n
tin xGc nhEn #*c truy/n F nh@ng ,h-"ng th.i gian xGc #Cnh.
15
{bq Al ?Dng B{Cq ~ hay B{Cq 1~23 # chuyn !"n tin t>c l {bq #*c
xem nh m1t ,nh !G- hi5u A-ng A-ng 3Wi ,nh ?@ li5u.
jgnh }.1. =ia- ?i5n Nu"n lQ n1i ht
{bq ch4 #*c Al ?Dng cDc !1 gi@a F|sB9r-uter< 3 F|]B9chuyn
mch<. ]i cGch ,hGc) th(ng tin {bq ti F|sB AS ,h(ng #*c truy/n Nua
mng #+n F|sB ,hGc) ti+n trgnh ny ch4 x"y ra gi@a F|sB 3 F|]B. {bq
#*c Al ?Dng ch- mDc #Kch Nu"n lQ 3 ch- phfp hai thi+t !C ,+t n0i trIc
ti+p # chia A th(ng tin trng thGi c_ng nh c2u hgnh VCA.
C 3 chuwn #Cnh nghRa {bq 3 t$ng tGc c%a n 3Wi F|sB 3 F|]BX
s]tq snnex B
q\rL\ snnex s
=ang -7 7-ur9ciAc-<
C2c chu3n 4M56 # gia- ti+p {bq x"y ra gi@a F|sB 3 F|]B) th(ng tin
{bq ph"i ?kng VC. Y F|sB 3 F|]B !i+t ,hung 7rame relay ch>a th(ng
tin {bq) VC ?I tr@ #*c ?kng # chia A th(ng tin {bq. 'iu {bq Al ?Dng
AS xGc #Cnh #Ca ch4 B{Cq #*c Al ?Dng tr-ng gia- ti+p.
d"ng }.1. B{Cq #*c Al ?Dng >ng 3Wi cGc chuwn {bq
9. *:c 4;ch v c(a Frame relay
V*
Frame relay l n0i ,+t c hWng. ]0i ,+t lWp 2 #*c thi+t lEp trWc ,hi
th(ng tin #*c gli #+n thi+t !C F xa. ]0i ,+t #*c Al ?Dng !Fi 7rame relay
#*c cung c2p !Fi cGc ,nh "- VCA 93irtual circuitA<. b1t VC l m1t n0i
,+t l-gic gi@a hai thi+t !CW v/ vRy nhiu V*s cX th? tYn t"i trTn cZn# mt
#ia& 4in vRt lS. pu #im c%a VC l c th cung c2p mng 7ull meAhe? 3Wi
giG thnh th2p h$n. VC c_ng 7ullL?uplex nn c th gli 3 nhEn #`ng th.i
trn ckng VC.
*:c l&"i V*
C 2 l-i VCX permanent VC9[VC< 3 AMitche? VC9tVC<.
1}
b1t [VC #*c c2u hgnh trWc !Fi 3Et mang 3 #*c ?uy trg.
tVCX !2t c> ,hi n- c nhu cUu gli ?@ li5u tWi m1t n0i ,+t) tCV #*c thi+t
lEp #1ng 3 ?@ li5u #*c truy/n #i. [VC #*c Al ?Dng ,hi c ?@ li5u #*c
truy/n #i lin tDc #+n m1t phKa ring tr-ng ,hi tVC #*c ?kng # gli ?@
li5u #Cnh ,g.
[V*
\$ng tI nh #.ng ?Zy thu !a-) [VC l m1t VC 3Rnh 3i8n. [VC
ph"i #*c c2u hgnh trn m6i r-uter 3 #*c xZy ?Ing trn chuyn mch c%a
3Et mang trWc ,hi gli ?@ li5u. b1t nh*c #im c%a [VC l yu cUu c2u
hgnh th% c(ng nhi/u trWc ,hi thi+t lEp VC. b1t nh*c #im n@a l n
,h(ng linh h-tX n+u [VC l6i) ,h(ng th tGi xZy ?Ing #1ng [VC xung
Nuanh l6i. \uy nhin) m1t ,hi #O c2u hgnh thg n lu(n An Ang) ngen ,h(ng
c l6i gi@a ngu`n 3 #Kch. b1t thuEn l*i c%a [VC A- tVC n@a l tVC ph"i
thi+t lEp trWc ,hi truy/n nn Ainh ra m1t #1 tr8 nhm.
1V*
tVC t$ng tI nh m1t cu1c #i5n th-i. b6i thi+t !C tVC #*c c2p
phGt m1t #Ca ch4 ?uy nh2t t$ng tI nh A0 #i5n th-i. Y #+n thi+t !C #Kch
?kng tVC thg ph"i !i+t #Ca ch4 #Kch. \r-ng m(i tr.ng s]) th.ng ph"i
c2u hgnh th% c(ng thi+t !C tVC. b1t ,hi !i+t #Ca ch4 #Kch) c th chuyn
ti+p #Ca ch4 #+n chuyn mch c%a 3Et mang. Chuyn mch tVC AS tgm m1t
#.ng ?on #+n #Kch # thi+t lEp VC # truy/n ?@ li5u. 'hi truy/n x-ng thg
gi"i phng n0i ,+t.
b1t u #im c%a tVC l tKnh tm th.i. B- # c th Al ?Dng tVC
tr-ng m1t phUn th.i gian) giG thnh c_ng r h$n [VC ?- [VC 3on ?uy trg
ngay c" ,hi ,h(ng c ?@ li5u truy/n Nua. b1t 32n #/ 3Wi tVC l Al ?Dng
cng nhi/u n cng t0n ,fm. \hIc t+ tVC t0t ch- mDc #Kch ?I phang ,hi
[VC l6i ?- tKnh ,inh t+Lch4 m2t ti/n ,hi Al ?Dng.
Y Nuy+t #Cnh Al ?Dng [VC hay tVC thg ph"i cZn nh^c m>c #1 ?kng c_ng
nh giG thnh.
b1t u #im n@a c%a tVC l c ,h" neng thKch nghi 3Wi mngL ,hi
lin ,+t 3Et lK tr-ng mng c%a 3Et mang !C l6i tVC c th #*c tGi xZy ?Ing
th(ng Nua lin ,+t 3Et lK ?I phang tr-ng mng c%a 3Et mang.
[VC tVC
Y*c #Cnh nghRa tRnh lHc c2u hgnh)
trJ ,hi cUn ph"i ch4nh Ala
Y*c thi+t lEp #1ng ,hi c th(ng
tin cUn gli
]0i ,+t lu(n #*c c2u hgnh ?k c
th(ng tin cUn gli hay ,h(ng
]0i ,+t #*c gi"i phng ,hi ,h(ng
c th(ng tin cUn gli
d"ng 7.1. t- AGnh [VC 3 tVC
17
<. *:c m. h/nh Frame relay
Frame relay th.ng Al ?Dng m1t tr-ng 3 m( hgnh AauX
ttar
Full meAh
[artial meAh
M. h/nh star
jgnh v.1. b( hgnh mng Atar
b1t Aite trung tZm F j ]1i #ng 3ai tra l hu! 3 nhi/u Aite F xa
#ng 3ai tra l Ap-,e.
b6i Ap-,e truy cEp mng Frame relay Nua m1t VC
tite trung tZm lin ,+t nhi/u VCA) m6i VC lin ,+t 3Wi m1t Ap-,e.
M. h/nh Lull mesh
\hKch h*p 3Wi cGc Aite c #cc #im phZn tGn 3/ mct #Ca lQ nhng yu
cUu t0c #1 truy cEp ca-.
'+t n0i mni Aite 3Wi Aite ,hGc.
jgnh v.2. b( hgnh mng 7ull meAh
1v
]h. VC) c th gi"m A0 n0i ,+t yu cUu ch- mng 7ull meAh 3 3on #Gp
>ng #*c m( hgnh mng 7ull meAh. &ft 2 tr.ng h*p ch- mng s] c
!0n thi+t !CX #.ng ?Zy thu !a- 3 VCA.
jgnh v.3. b( hgnh mng 7ull meAh 3Wi #.ng ?Zy thu !a-h2i
{Ia chnn ny yu cUu } #.ng ?Zy thu !a- 3 3 gia- ?i5n n0i ti+p ti m6i
r-uter.
t0 n0i ,+t c th tKnh #*c tJ c(ng th>c ( ) ( )
1 2 7 7
91<
. Cng nhi/u thi+t
!C) A0 n0i ,+t cng nhi/u c_ng nh A0 gia- ?i5n n0i ti+p c%a m6i r-uter. ]+u
c 1~~ r-uter thg cUn #+n 99 gia- ?i5n n0i ti+p 3 495~ #.ng ?Zy thu !a-)
3g 3Ey ph$ng phGp ny ,h(ng ,h" thi 3Wi mng c A0 thi+t !C lWn.
\u 'i?m c(a V*
jgnh v.4. b( hgnh mng 7ull meAh 3Wi VCh2i
VWi VCA) c th c nhi/u ,nh l-gic trn ckng ,nh 3Et lK. ]h hgnh
trn) ,hi ?kng VCA) r-uter ch4 cUn m1t gia- ?i5n n0i ti+p # ,+t n0i 3Wi
mng93Et mang ?Cch 3D<. \h(ng Nua gia- ?i5n 3Et lK ny) c th ?kng VCA
# ,+t n0i #+n cGc phKa F xa.
C th tKnh A0 VC cUn ch- mng 7ull meA?e? nh c(ng th>c
91<
F trn. b1t
tr-ng nh@ng u #im c%a 7rame relay l ch4 cUn m1t gia- ?i5n ch- m6i
r-uter # xl lK n0i ,+t VC) ?- # c th Al ?Dng Kt r-uter # xl lK A0 l*ng
lWn VCA.
19
=. >iu khi?n cuc #@i Frame relay
=ia- th>c #i/u ,hin cu1c gni ch- F| ph"i gi"i Nuy+t #*c m1t A0 ,h"
neng. \rWc tin xft hai tr.ng h*p cung c2p cGc ?Cch 3D ,im A-Gt ,hung.
\r-ng h-t #1ng c%a F|) uAer ,h(ng #*c n0i trIc ti+p #+n uAer ,hGc m
ph"i n0i #+n !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung tr-ng mng 9t$ng tI nh &.25) uAer n0i
#+n !1 ,im A-Gt gi <. C hai tr.ng h*pX
jgnh 9.1. Chuyn mch truy cEp
jgnh 9.2. \Kch h*p truy cEp
\r-ng #X
\ 9terminal eNuipment< X thi+t !C #Uu cu0i
]\ 9netM-r, terminati-n<X ,+t cu0i mng
\ 9exchange terminati-n<X ,+t cu0i tzng #i
Fj 97rame han?ler<X ,im A-Gt ,hung
Chuyn mch truy cEpX uAer #*c n0i tWi mng 3 tzng #i n1i ht
,h(ng c ,h" neng ,im A-Gt ,hung. Chuyn mch truy cEp ph"i
#*c cung c2p tJ thi+t !C ,+t cu0i uAer 9\< #+n !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung
F m1t n$i ,hGc tr-ng mng) c th l n0i ,+t the- yu cUu 9thi+t lEp F
th.i #im cu1c gni< hay ,+t n0i !Gn 3Rnh 3i8n.
2~
\Kch h*p truy cEpX uAer #*c n0i #+n mng 7rame relay thuUn tHy
hay m1t mng chuyn mch m tr-ng # tzng #i n1i ht c ,h"
neng xl lQ ,hung 3 uAer truy cEp trIc ti+p #+n !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung.
jai tr.ng h*p trn #/u c n0i ,+t gi@a uAer 3 !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung m ta
gni l n0i ,+t truy cEp. 'hi n0i ,+t ny t`n ti thg c th ghfp ,nh cGc n0i
,+t l-gic gni l cGc n0i ,+t F| Nua n0i ,+t ny.
]i kt F^
=i" Al thu !a- thi+t lEp n0i ,+t truy cEp #+n !1 ,im A-Gt ,hung tr-ng
mng. {Hc ny uAer c th tra- #zi cGc ,hung ?@ li5u 3Wi cGc uAer ,hGc n0i
tWi mng 7rame relay. Vg 3Ey) n0i ,+t F| t$ng tI ,nh "- chuyn mch gi
ph"i #*c thi+t lEp trWc gi@a hai uAerA.
Frame relay h6 tr* nhi/u n0i ,+t Nua tuy+n #$n. CGc n0i ,+t ny l n0i ,+t
lWp 2 3 c #Cnh ?anh B{Cq ring.
B@ li5u truy/n !a- g`m cGc !Wc AauX
\hi+t lEp n0i ,+t gi@a hai #im cu0i 3 gGn ch- n m1t B{Cq ?uy
nh2t.
\ra- #zi th(ng tin tr-ng cGc ,hung ?@ li5u. b6i ,hung !a- g`m
tr.ng B{Cq # nhEn ?i5n n0i ,+t.
=i"i phng n0i ,+t cDc !1.
jgnh 9.3a. Yi/u ,hin cu1c gnih}i
21
jgnh 9.3!. Yi/u ,hin cu1c gnih}i
d"ng 9.1. \h(ng #i5p #i/u ,hin n0i ,+t h1i
tI thi+t lEp 3 gi"i phng n0i ,+t l-gic #*c h-n t2t !Fi AI tra- #zi th(ng
#i5p Nua n0i ,+t l-gic #*c 2n #Cnh # #i/u ,hin cu1c gni 3Wi B{Cq~.
'hung c B{Cq~ ch>a th(ng #i5p #i/u ,hin cu1c gni tr-ng tr.ng th(ng
tin.
22
d0n th(ng #i5p tiu !iu # thi+t lEp 3 gi"i tma ,+t n0iX t\r[)
C]]C\) |{st) |{st Cb[{\.
b6i !n yu cUu thi+t lEp ,+t n0i l-gic !xng cGch gli th(ng #i5p t\r[.
dn ,ia ,hi nhEn th(ng #i5p t\r[ ph"i #Gp li !xng th(ng #i5p
C]]C\ n+u n ch2p nhEn) can ,h(ng thg n #Gp >ng !xng th(ng #i5p
|{st Cb[{\.
dn gli th(ng #i5p t\r[ c th gGn B{Cq !xng cGch chnn m1t giG trC
,h(ng #*c Al ?Dng 3 #a giG trC ny 3- th(ng #i5p t\r[) can ,h(ng
giG trC B{Cq AS #*c gGn !Fi !n ch2p nhEn cu1c gni tr-ng th(ng #i5p
C]]C\.
b6i !n yu cUu gi"i phng n0i ,+t !xng cGch gli th(ng #i5p |{st.
dn ,ia ,hi nhEn th(ng #i5p ny ph"i tr" 3/ th(ng #i5p |{st
Cb[{\.
d"ng 9.1 ch- th2y cGc th(ng #i5p xl lQ cu1c gni ch- Frame relay.
23
AB2 82CD A%EM F%G0
h1i Chuyn mch tr-ng mng ?i5n r1ng 1L ]guy8n Buy ]hEt Vi8n
h2i httpXMMMLee.uta.e?u-nlineMangFr.p?7
h3i di gi"ng 'u thuEt chuyn mchL ]guy8n Buy ]hEt Vi8n
h4i httpXAr-hit.trip-?.c-mFramerelay.p?7
h5i **]E *%!3 _ Frame ^elay .Q4L
h}i Frame |elayFrame |elay Call C-ntr-l.ppt
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