Inventory Management Project Report

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT APEX AUTO LTD.
,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
G C T M Industry in India has trav!d ar !ss, n"# India is "n "$ th %ain &"tt"n
%anu$a&turin' ( )*"rtin' &"ttn in th in india. Th &"ttn in India is #ith %a+"r *!ayrs and
'ada' &" "*rativ %i!! Ltd is "n "$ !ar'st %anu$a&turr "$ &"ttn in India.
Invnt"ry is a &ntra! *r"&ss in Manu$a&turin' Unit. This Invnt"ry is &"n&rns t" a!!
d*art%nts i.., $r"% P!annin' D*art%nt t" ,!!in' D*art%nt in #hi&h it *asss th"u'h
Pr"du&ti"n D*art%nt, -R D*art%nt, L"'isti& D*art%nt, .inan& D*art%nt, C"stin'
D*art%nt, and C"%%r&ia! D*art%nt t&. ," %ana'in' "$ Invnt"ry is havin' #id ,&"*
in %anu$a&turin' C"%*any.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Statement of the problem
/Invnt"ry %ana'%nt and its $$&ts "n #"r0in' &a*ita!1
Management problem
2,PATIL Page 3
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT APEX AUTO LTD.,
Mana'%nt is $!in' that thir hu' a%"unt "$ #"r0in' &a*ita! is h!d u*, s" th
%ana'%nt #ants t" 0n"# #hthr thy &an rdu& it thr"u'h invnt"ry %ana'%nt.
Reear!h problem
As a4"v statd %ana'%nt *r"4!% th study #as &arrid t" 0n"# h"# invnt"ry
%ana'%nt h!*s in *r"*r %aintnan& "$ #"r0in' &a*ita!, s" th tit! "$ this study is /
invnt"ry %ana'%nt and its $$&t "n #"r0in' &a*ita!1
Ob"e!t#$e of the t%&'
3. T" study th invnt"ry %ana'%nt 4asd "n th rati"s
5. T" $ind "ut th i%*a&t "$ invnt"ry "n #"r0in' &a*ita!.
6. T" study th invnt"ry %ana'%nt and its $$&tiv &"ntr"! thr"u'h vari"us t&hni7us.
8. T" su''st th %asurs $"r i%*r"vin' th invnt"ry !v!.
S!ope of the t%&'
Invnt"ry %ana'%nt 4in' a vry i%*"rtant &"n&*t in a!! th &"%*any9s havin' a
v"id &"vra' "$tn &a!!s $"r th %ana'ria! attnti"n. In th %"drn ti%s invnt"ry
%ana'%nt has 4&"% th int'ra! *art "$ th a!! &"%*anis. ," a!! th $ir% 'ivs s*&ia!
i%*"rtan& $"r invnt"ry %ana'%nt. Th %a+"r "4+&tiv "$ th study is t" )a%in th
$$&tivnss "$ invnt"ry %ana'%nt syst% ad"*td 4y A0ash industry: th study %ain!y
$"&uss "n th t&hni7us usd 4y th &"%*any t" &"ntr"! th invnt"ry. Th study a!s" &"vrs
"thr aras !i0 th $inan&ia! rati"s $"r th *ri"d "$ 5;;8 t" 5;;<.
SU( O()ECTIVES*
3 T" study th di$$rnt a&&*ts "$ Invnt"ry Mana'%nt.
MET+O,O-OGY
2,PATIL Page 5
.r#mar' ,ata*
3. Intra&ti"n #ith *rs"nn! "$ th &"%*any
5. Dir&t O4srvati"n in Invnt"ry
Se!on&ar' ,ata*
3. 2a!an& ,ht
5. Turn"vr ,tat%nts
6. M"nth!y Invnt"ry ,tat%nts
8. C"%*any R&"rds
=. Intrnt
Tool Ue&>
M,?E)&! has 4n usd $"r &a!&u!ati"ns.
IN,USTRY .RO/I-E
/A(RICATION
2,PATIL Page 6
@hn usd as an industria! tr%, a**!is t" th 4ui!din' "$ %a&hins, stru&turs and "thr
7ui*%nt, 4y &uttin', sha*in' and ass%4!in' &"%*"nnts %ad $r"% ra# %atria!s. ,%a!!
4usinsss that s*&ia!iA in %ta! ar &a!!d fab shops.
,t! $a4ri&ati"n sh"*s and %a&hin sh"*s hav "vr!a**in' &a*a4i!itis, 4ut $a4ri&ati"n
sh"*s 'nra!!y &"n&ntrat "n th %ta! *r*arati"n, #!din' and ass%4!y as*&t #hi! th
%a&hin sh"* is %"r &"n&rnd #ith th %a&hinin' "$ *arts.
META- /A(RICATION
Mta! $a4ri&ati"n is a va!u addd *r"&ss that inv"!vs th &"nstru&ti"n "$ %a&hins and
stru&turs $r"% vari"us ra# %atria!s. A $a4 sh"* #i!! 4id "n a +"4, usua!!y 4asd "n th
n'inrin' dra#in's, and i$ a#ardd th &"ntra&t #i!! 4ui!d th *r"du&t.
.a4ri&ati"n sh"*s ar %*!"yd 4y &"ntra&t"rs, OEMBs COri'ina! E7ui*%nt
Manu$a&turrsD and VARBs CVa!u?addd Rs!!rD Ty*i&a! *r"+&ts in&!ud: !""s *arts,
stru&tura! $ra%s $"r 4ui!din's and havy 7ui*%nt, and hand rai!in's and stairs $"r 4ui!din's.
1. ENGINEERING
Th $a4ri&at"r %ay %*!"y "r &"ntra&t "ut st! dtai!rs t" *r*ar sh"* dra#in's, i$ n"t
*r"vidd 4y th &ust"%r, #hi&h th $a4ri&atin' sh"* #i!! us $"r %anu$a&turin'. Manu$a&turin'
n'inrs #i!! *r"'ra% CNC %a&hins as ndd.
2. RA0 MATERIA-S
,tandard ra# %atria!s usd 4y %ta! $a4ri&at"rs ar:
2,PATIL Page 8
P!at Mta!
."r%d And E)*andd Mta!
o Tu4 st"&0, CD,M
o ,7uar st"&0
o ,&ti"na! %ta!s CI 4a%s, @ 4a%s, C?&hann!...D
@!din' #ir
-ard#ar
Castin's
.ittin's
12 CUTTING AN, (URNING
Th ra# %atria! has t" 4 &ut t" siA. This is d"n #ith a varity "$ t""!s.
Th %"st &"%%"n #ay t" &ut %atria! is 4y ,harin' C%ta!#"r0in'D:
,*&ia! 4and sa#s dsi'nd $"r &uttin' %ta! hav hardnd 4!ads and a $d
%&hanis% $"r vn &uttin'. A4rasiv &ut?"$$ sa#s, a!s" 0n"#n as &h"* sa#s, ar si%i!ar t"
%itr sa#s 4ut #ith a st! &uttin' a4rasiv dis0. Cuttin' t"r&hs &an &ut vry !ar' s&ti"ns "$
st! with little effort.
2urn ta4!s ar CNC &uttin' t"r&hs, usua!!y natura! 'as *"#rd. P!as%a and !asr
&uttin' ta4!s, and @atr +t &uttrs, ar a!s" &"%%"n. P!at st! is !"add "n a ta4! and th
*arts ar &ut "ut as *r"'ra%%d. Th su**"rt ta4! is %ad "$ a 'rid "$ 4ars that &an 4 r*!a&d.
,"% vry )*nsiv 4urn ta4!s a!s" in&!ud CNC *un&h &a*a4i!ity, #ith a &ar"us! "$ di$$rnt
*un&hs and ta*s. .a4ri&ati"n "$ stru&tura! st! 4y *!as%a and !asr &uttin' intr"du&s r"4"ts t"
%"v th &uttin' had in thr di%nsi"ns ar"und th %atria! t" 4 &ut.
2,PATIL Page =
32 /ORMING
-ydrau!i& 4ra0 *rsss #ith v?dis ar th %"st &"%%"n %th"d "$ $"r%in' %ta!. Th
&ut *!at is *!a&d in th *rss and a v?sha*d di is *rssd a *rdtr%ind distan& t" 4nd th
*!at t" th dsird an'!. @in' 4ra0s and hand *"#rd 4ra0s ar s"%ti%s usd.
Tu4 4ndin' %a&hins hav s*&ia!!y sha*d dis and %andr!s t" 4nd tu4u!ar s&ti"ns
#ith"ut 0in0in' th%.
R"!!in' %a&hins ar usd t" $"r% *!at st! int" a r"und s&ti"n.
En'!ish @h! "r @h!in' Ma&hins ar usd t" $"r% &"%*!) d"u4! &urvatur sha*s
usin' sht %ta!.
42 Ma!h#n#ng
.a4 sh"*s #i!! 'nra!!y hav a !i%itd %a&hinin' &a*a4i!ity in&!udin': %ta! !aths,
%i!!s, %a'nti& 4asd dri!!s a!"n' #ith "thr *"rta4! %ta! #"r0in' t""!s.
52 0el&#ng
@!din' is th %ain $"&us "$ st! $a4ri&ati"n. Th $"r%d and %a&hind *arts #i!! 4
ass%4!d and ta&0 #!dd int" *!a& thn r?&h&0d $"r a&&ura&y. A $i)tur %ay 4 usd t"
!"&at *arts $"r #!din' i$ %u!ti*! #!d%nts hav 4n "rdrd.
Th #!dr thn &"%*!ts #!din' *r th n'inrin' dra#in's, i$ #!din' is dtai!d,
"r *r his "#n +ud'%nt i$ n" #!din' dtai!s ar *r"vidd.
,*&ia! *r&auti"ns %ay 4 ndd t" *rvnt #ar*in' "$ th #!d%nt du t" hat.
Ths %ay in&!ud r?dsi'nin' th #!d%nt t" us !ss #!d, #!din' in a sta''rd $ashi"n,
2,PATIL Page E
usin' a st"ut $i)tur, &"vrin' th #!d%nt in sand durin' &""!in', and strai'htnin' "*rati"ns
a$tr #!din'.
,trai'htnin' "$ #ar*d st! #!d%nts is d"n #ith an O)y?a&ty!n t"r&h and is
s"%#hat "$ an art. -at is s!&tiv!y a**!id t" th st! in a s!"#, !inar s#*. Th st! #i!!
hav a nt &"ntra&ti"n, u*"n &""!in', in th dir&ti"n "$ th s#*. A hi'h!y s0i!!d #!dr &an
r%"v si'ni$i&ant #ar*a' usin' this t&hni7u.
,t! #!d%nts ar "&&asi"na!!y anna!d in a !"# t%*ratur "vn t" r!iv rsidua!
strsss.
62 /INA- ASSEM(-Y
A$tr th #!d%nt has &""!d it is 'nra!!y sand 4!astd, *ri%d and *aintd. Any
additi"na! %anu$a&turin' s*&i$id 4y th &ust"%r is thn &"%*!td. Th $inishd *r"du&t is
thn ins*&td and shi**d.
2,PATIL Page <
COM.ANY .RO/I-E
Na% "$ th &"%*any > A.EX AUTO -T,
Addrss "$ th -ad "$$i& > M?3 *has? VII, TATA 0andra %ain r"ad, industria!
ara ADITYAPUR, FAM,-EDPUR?G653;H INDIA.
.a)> ;E=<?55;;;3;
T!> H3?E=<?58;G<3=, 58;H;83 ( 56G368E
E?%ai!> in$"Ia*)aut"!td.&"%
Addrss "$ th r'istrd > Natara+ %ansi"n, 2ista*ur? G63;;3,
O$$i& FAM,-EDPUR, INDIA
.a)> H3?E=<?5858=5E
@E2,ITE> ###.a*)aut"!td.&"%
Addrss "$ th UNIT II > APEX AUTO LTD CUNIT IID 2!"&0 n"> 5
Dhar#ad T!&"n *r%iss, J.I.A.D.2, P.2. R"ad
Dhar#ad? =G;;;<, India
.a)> ;G6E?65H6538
T!> ;G6E?65H6538
E?%ai!> *i*Ia*)aut"!i%itd.&"%
Natur "$ th "r'aniAati"n > 2asi&a!!y this &"%*any is havy $a4ri&ati"n
C"%*any. Thy ar %anu$a&turin' 4a&0 h"
L"adr &"%*"nnts and )&avat"r
C"%*"nnts
Ty* "$ "r'aniAati"n > A*) aut" !i%itd &"%*any is *rivat !i%itd
C"%*any
2,PATIL Page G
A(OUT ORGANI7ATION
Ape8 A%to -#m#te& 9:If 'o% !an #mag#ne #t; 0e !an fabr#!ate #t2:<
A*) Aut" Li%itd is a *u4!i&!y 7u"td &"%*any #ith a nu%4r "$ sharh"!drs, 4"th
Indian and ."ri'n. Pr"%"td 4y Mr. Atu! Taun0 in 3HH= #ith a %"dst &a*ita! "ut!ay "$ Rs. 685
!a0hs, A*) t"day has a &a*ita! "ut!ay "$ Rs. 35;; !a0hs. A 'r"#th "$ "vr 6=;K *r annu%.
A&hivd 4y *r"du&in' th"usands "$ dyna%i&a!!y strssd %a&hind &"%*"nnts $"r th
&"nstru&ti"n 7ui*%nt industry
Th rais"n dtr "$ A*) is that th %r'in' s&nari" in *"st !i4ra!iAd India indi&atd
that th nati"n #as *"isd t" '" in $"r %assiv in$rastru&tur 4ui!din'> r"ads, su*r hi'h#ays,
*"rts, *"#r *r"+&ts, and s" "n. This #"u!d *ut i%%ns *rssur "n %anu$a&turrs "$ arth?
%"vin' 7ui*%nt. A*) ass th !"ad "n th% 4y su**"rtin' th industry #ith *r&isi"n
n'inrd su4?ass%4!is and %a+"r ass%4!is that &an '" dir&t!y int" thir 7ui*%nt, su&h
as rv"!vin' $ra%s, %ain $ra%s, 4""%s, ar%s, d"Ars, 4u&0ts, and s" "n.
As a &as in *"int, #Br *r"ud t" hav 4n ntrustd #ith th sin'! shar "$ 4usinss
$"r a!! %a+"r $a4ri&ati"ns that '" int" th %a0in' "$ TATA -ita&hiBs t"* s!!in' )&avat"rs, th
EX?E;. Ovr th !ast = yars, # hav $a4ri&atd %"r than 3;,;;; &"%*"nnts "$ this *arti&u!ar
%"d! a!"n.
VISION
T" 4 r&"'niAd as a *r%ir LUALITY %anu$a&turr and su**!ir $a4ri&atd &"%*"nnts,
%4"dyin' thus th s*irit "$ &"%%it%nt and hu%anity.
MISSION
As *r &ust"%r s&hdu! r7uir%nt $u!$i!! it, D!ivr "n ti%, vry ti%.
An y "n *r"du&t 7ua!ity and int'rity
2,PATIL Page H
-i'hst *r"du&tivity, thr4y "$$rin' a &"st advanta' t" a!! "ur &!ints.
0h' Ape8=
Arist"t! ? Gr0 invnt"r "$ th ,&in& "$ L"'i& ? r&"%%nds studyin' th th"ry "$ BTh 8
2&aussB 4$"r %a0in' y"ur &h"i& @hy A*) $"r y"ur Ma&hind $a4ri&ati"n M
Th 3st 4&aus da!s #ith #hat is it %ad "$ M
A*) uss "n!y *ri% 7ua!ity st! shts and *!ats *r"&urd $r"% !adin' *!ayrs in th
industry ? Tata ,t! and ,AIL.
Th 5nd 4&aus da!s #ith h"# is it %ad M
A*) has stat "$ art Matria! Pr"&ssin' $a&i!itis in&!udin' Indias !ar'st !asr &uttin'
%a&hin. And )&!!nt Pr"du&ti"n En'inrin' syst%s st u* 4y a hi'h!y )*rin&d and
t&hni&a!!y 7ua!i$id ta% "$ n'inrs.
Th 6rd 4&aus da!s #ith #hat is %ad M
2asd "n "ur &ust"%rBs dra#in's and dsi'n, A*) %anu$a&turs dyna%i&a!!y strssd
%a&hind $a4ri&ati"ns &"n$"r%in' t" a!! th s*&i$i&ati"ns !aid d"#n 4y th &ust"%r.
Th 8th 4&aus da!s #ith #hy is it %ad thus M
A*) $"!!"#s th $irst thr *r&*ts s" that th nd &ust"%r 'ts a #"r!d?&!ass *r"du&t
#hi&h #i!! #ithstand th u!ti%at tst "$ ti%.
2,PATIL Page 3;
KEY AWARDS WON
."r sa$ty in %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss a#ards C!ss a&&idnt in %anu$a&turin' *r"&ssD $"r
&"ntinu"us 6 yars $"r% T!&" &"nstru&ti"n 7ui*%nt !i%itd
."r MINIMUM REFECTION a#ard $"r% T!&" &"nstru&ti"n 7ui*%nt !i%itd
SWOT Analysis of the Comany
A!E" A#TO $ID KEY STREN%T&S
>2 STRONG .RO,UCT ,EVE-O.MENT
As *r th s*&i$i&ati"n $r"% T!&"n th n# *r"du&t is 4n dv!"*d
3. 2y th hi'h!y 7ua!i$id intrna! n'inrin' d*art%nt
?2 STRONG MERC+AN,ISING TEAM
T&hni&a!!y 7ua!i$id and hi'h s0i!!d Mr&handisin' d*art%nt is an"thr asst "$ th
&"%*any, #h" *!ays a %a+"r r"! in )&utin' th "rdrs ut%"st $$i&int!y t" th satis$a&ti"n "$
2uyrs.
12 .RO/ESSIONA--Y MANAGE,*
aD C"%*any has t#" units in Dhar#ad, "n is A*) aut" Ltd Unit I and th "thr is A*) aut"
Ltd Unit II
4D Unit I is hadd 4y Mr2 Ar$#n& Ga%r; Unit II is hadd 4y Mr2 .ra$at @%mar Rath
2,PATIL Page 33
32 /ACTORIES ENGINEERE, TO .RO,UCT S.ECI/IC*
A!! thir %anu$a&turin' units ar n'inrd t" *r"du&t s*&i$i& and %ana'd 4y $$&tiv
and $$i&int intrna! n'inrin' d*art%nt.
42 AUA-ITY CONTRO- SYSTEM*
Thr is an ind*ndnt 7ua!ity audit ta% in *r"&ss &"ntr"! syst% in a!! th $a&t"ris,
#hi&h has 'ivn 7ua!ity *r"du&ti"n &"nsistnt!y.
52 SOURCING O/ RA0 MATERIA-S UN,ER VIGI-ANCE O/ AUA-ITY
AU,IT SYSTEM*
Thy s"ur& a!! thir ra# %atria!s 3;;K $r"% #ithin India. -"#vr, thy hav a ri'id
&"ntr"! "n thir 7ua!ity &"ntr"! syst% #hr 4y thy nsur that a!! th ra# %atria!s ar
*r"du&d as *r thir 7ua!ity standard !v! 4$"r it 'ts dis*at&hd t" thir $a&t"ris.
62 IN +OUSE -A(*
Thy hav a !a4 situatd in th %a+"r *r"&ur%nt &ntrs, su&h as in Dhar#ad and
Fa%shd*ur t" su**"rt thir 7ua!ity &"ntr"! ta% t" &arry"ut th vari"us 7ua!ity tsts at a!! !v!
"n#ards t" nsur that th *r"du&t is *r"du&d a&&"rdin' t" thir 7ua!ity in?h"us.
B2 .RECS+I.MENT INS.ECTION TO MAINTAIN 7EROCC-AIM /ROM
(UYERS*
A th"r"u'h Ins*&ti"n 4y In?h"us Lua!ity C"ntr"! ta% and *r?shi*%nt Ins*&ti"n 4y
4uyr r*rsntativ $"r a!! thir *r"du&ts h!*s &"%*any t" %aintain Ar"?7ua!ity &!ai%s
*"siti"n #ith a!! thir 4uyrs.
2,PATIL Page 35
D2 CON/I,ENCE O/ T+EIR (UYERS*
A!! th 4uyrs as "$ t"day hav 4n #"r0in' #ith th% sin& d&ads and thy startd #ith
th% "n &"ntinus 4asis #ith nhan&d v"!u%. This has 'ivn th% hu' &"n$idn& as th
&"n$idn& !v! "$ thir 4uyrs is vry hi'h in thir *r"du&ts, 7ua!ity, ti%!y d!ivris and
&"%%it%nt t"#ards #"r0.
Thy hav 4n a#ardd $"r 6 &"ns&utiv yars $"r %ini%u% r+&ti"n and $"r sa$ty in
*r"&ss "$ %anu$a&turin' 4y T!&" &"nstru&ti"n 7ui*%nt !i%itd
A!E" A#TO $TD WEAKNESS
N" su&h ntity has 4n idnti$id s" $ar.
A!E" A#TO $TD KEY O!!ORT#NITIES
Chan&s t" 't %"r *r"du&ts t" %anu$a&tur $"r% th 2uyr i.. T!&"n &"nstru&ti"n 7ui*%nt
!i%itd
A!E" A#TO $TD KEY T&REATS
M"r?7ua!i$id &"%*tit"rs
2,PATIL Page 36
CUSTOMER NAME
A*) aut" !td unit II has havin' "n!y "n &ust"%r that is TELCON CON,TRUCTION
ELUIPMENT LTD
SU..-IERS NAMES
SU..-IERS NAME -OCATION
AEE4 A@S+ATA ENTER.RISES; +U(-I
AE>1 AS+A E-ECTRICA- F SA-ES +U(-I
AE34 A,ITYA E-ECTRICA- SA-ES COR.ORATION +U(-I
AE4> ANAN, AIR-INE ACCESSORIES +U(-I
AE4? A(+I ENGINEERING 0OR@S (ANGA-ORE
AE4B AMAR E-ECTRICA- 0OR@S +U(-I
AE51 AN,ANUR .I.ES ,ISTRI(UTORS ,+AR0A,
(E1> (E-GAUM CNC A..-ICATIONS .VT2 -T, (E-GAUM
(E15 ES+A@ ,A,A (AM(OO0A-A MUM(AI
(E1B (2 MA+EN,RA F (ROS ,+AR0A,
(E3> (ASAVES+0AR @+ANAVA-I ,+AR0A,
(E33 (E-UR IN,USTRIA- GASES ,+AR0A,
(E34 (2(2 ENTER.RISES +U(-I
CEE1 C+AC+RA SERVIUCES )AMS+E,.UR
CEE3 C+AITANYA SA-ES .VT2 -T,2 )AMS+E,.UR
,E>D ,YNAMIC ,RIVES +U(-I
,E?E ,E-TA /URNITURE .RIVATE-IMITE, C+ENNAI
EE?6 EURE@A /OR(ES -T, ,+AR0A,
/EE1 /A(ROCTEC+ ENGINEERS ,+AR0A,
GEEB GOUTAM MAC+INE TOO-S +U(-I
GE?5 GAYATRIMATA IN,USTRIES ,+AR0A,
+E>E +Y,RO.AC@9IN,IA< .VT -T, (E-GAUM
IE>B IN,US MAR@ETING (E-GAUM
)EE1 )@AY ENTER.RISES +U(-I
@EE6 @AMAT+ ENTER.RISES (E-GAUM
@EEB @A.I-A MAR@ETING ,+AR0A,
@E>E @ARNATA@A MATERIA- TESTING RESEARC+ (E-GAUM
@E15 @U-@ARNI (OO@ STA-- F STATIONERIES ,+AR0A,
MEEB MARUTI IN,USTRIA- SERVICE CENTRE (ANGA-ORE
ME>6 MA,RAS +AR, TOO-S .VT -T, C+ENNAI
2,PATIL Page 38
ME>D MAN)UNAT+ GARMENTS ,+AR0A,
NE>5 NAVYA ENTER.RISE +U(-I
OEE1 OMEGA /A(RICATIONS ,+AR0A,
.EE? .ET+E (RA@E MOTOR .VT2 -T, RATNAGIRI
.EE5 .RAXAIR IN,IA .VT -T, (ANGA-ORE
.E?B .RESSURE CONTRO- EAUI.MENT @O-@ATTA
.E16 .AVAN E-ECTRICA- COM.ANY +U(-I
REE> R2R2 ASSOCIATES +U(-I
REE6 RENU@A ENGINEERING 0OR@S ,+AR0A,
RE14 RITTA- IN,IA .VT -IMITE, (ANGA-ORE
SE>D SONA STEE- ENTER.RISES MUM(AI
SEB4 SA@S+AM AUTOMATION SYSTEMS +U(-I
SEB6 S+REE GANES+ GAS IM.-EMENTS AN, SER +U(-I
TEE> TARAC@ ENGG SERVICES ,AVENGIRI
TEE1 TEC+NO COMMERCIA- COR.ORATION )AMS+E,.UR
TE1> TATA STEE- -IMITE, (ANGA-ORE
VEE> VA-)I F (ROT+ERS +U(-I
VEE6 VI)AYS+EER ,ISE- SA-ES AN, SERVICES +U(-I
VEEB VO-TAS -IMITE, (ANGA-ORE
VE>3 VI@AS VI,+UTI@ARAN .VT -T, ,+AR0A,
0EE5 0E-, IN,IA CONSU-TANCY ,E-+I
YEE1 YA--A..A +EGGERI ,+AR0A,
A*) Aut" Ltd Unit II is havin' a nu%r"us su**!irs. Thy %ain!y *ur&has Ra#
Matria!s !i0 M, *!ats, 2ush ,t"**rs, ,at Curv t& $r"% Indian su**!irs.
2,PATIL Page 3=
ORGANI7ATION STRUCTURE
2,PATIL Page 3E
Ad%inistrati"n Assistant
Pr"du&ti"n
d*art%nt
-ad
,u**!y
Chain M'%t
-ad
Lua!ity
Assuran&
-ad
@"r0rs ,u4"rdinat
M%4rs
,t"r
,u*rvis"r
Pr"du&ti"n
,u*rvis"r
Ma&hin
O*rat"rs
Ma&hin
D*art%nt
-ad
Assistant
L. A
-!*rs
Pr"du&ti"n
Assistant Gnra!
Mana'r
-u%an Rs"ur&s
Assistant Gnra!
Mana'r
C E O
General
Manager
.ro&%!t#on .lann#ng F
Control Manager
/#nan!e Manager
Manag#ng ,#re!tor
>2 .eronnel ,epartment
This d*art%nt is a!%"st !i0 a hu%an 4rain, sin& it is th hu%an 4in's that "*rat it.
This d*art%nt is &"n&rnd #ith i%*!%ntati"n "$ th *!ans, #ith th #!$ar "$ th *!ant,
#ith th industria! r!ati"ns and a4"v a!! sa$ty and s&urity "$ th *!ant and th #"r0 $"r& is its
*ri% &"n&rns. This d*art%nt !""0s a$tr th su4sidiaris !i0 r&ruit%nt s!&ti"n trainin'
and indu&ti"n, &antn, &"%%unity dv!"*%nt dis&i*!inary a&ti"ns t&., #!$ar, s&urity,
'usth"us, %di&a! $a&i!ity t&., CAs *r Indian .a&t"ris A&t 3H8G.D
Ta% A*) Pr"$ssi"na!!y %ana'd #ith a ri&h 4!nd "$ )*rin& and nthusiasti&
y"uth, En'inrs, Di*!"%a -"!drs, dra$t %n, ITI #!drs and $ittrs, Gas &uttrs, #"r0rs and
.a4ri&ati"n E)*rts.
Lt9s '" thr"u'h th *r"&ss "$ th R&ruit%nt in A*) Aut" Ltd Unit II.
R&ruit%nt is *r"&ss "$ sar&hin' th *r"s*&tin' &andidat, sti%u!atin' and
n&"ura'in' th% t" a**!y $"r th +"4. Th a4"v %anin' says that vry "r'aniAati"n #ant
s0i!!d #"r0rs s" A*) Aut" Ltd Unit II a!s" r&ruit &andidats as $"!!"#s , thy $irst!y &h&0
th "r'aniAati"n &u!tur #hi&h ty* "$ %*!"ys ndd in "r'aniAati"n and thy a!s" &h&0
%*!"y%nt &"nditi"n in unit.
2,PATIL Page 3<
Thy ar sar&hin' th &andidats in t#" #ays "n is Advrtis%nt and th "thr is
%anua! sar&hin'. In advrtis%nt thy 'iv $irst!y th adA9s !i0 Dra$t Adv, C!int rvi# adv
and P!a& adv, and thn thy r&iv th &a!!s thn a&&ss thir CV9s. In %anua! sar&hin'
*r"&ss thy sar&h th %*!"y in *!an sar&h, idntity sar&h, and &"nta&t sar&h, thn thy
&h&0 th &andidats intrst a$tr that thy arran' %tin' $"r s!&ti"n *r"&ss
Sele!t#on pro!e ,!&ti"n is a *r"&ss "$ &h&0in' th &andidat9s 0n"#!d',
4havi"r, ,0i!!s, )*rin&, and 7ua!i$i&ati"ns t& t" s!&t and *!a& th &andidat thir &"rr&t
*"siti"n.
?2 Store ,epartment
Th ra# %atria!s ar st"rd s*arat!y undr %atria! &!! in *r"du&ti"n d*art%nt: as
*r th d%and this d*art%nt d"s th #"r0 "$ r&ivin' and issuin' "$ %atria!s.
12 .%r!hae ,epartment
A'ainst th a**r"vd *ur&has r7uisiti"n th d*art%nt *ur&hass "$ ra# %atria! s%i
$inishd '""ds and A&&ss"ris and "thr nds "$ th vari"us d*art%nts. In "rdr t" %a0 th
#"r0 $$i&int it has th syst% "$ su4 &"ntra&t"rs. ," th *ur&has d*art%nt d"s th &rati"n
"$ su4 &"ntra&t"rs and vnd"rs. This d*art%nt is 'uidd 4y th %ain %"tt" th *!ant and "thr
d*art%nts #"r0in'. Lt9s hav a !""0 "n th $!"# &hart "$ th *ur&has "$ ra# %atria!s in
A*) Unit II
2,PATIL Page 3G
Lu"tati"ns r7ust t" "n "r %"r
vnd"rs a&&"rdin' t" r7uir%nt
Lu"tati"ns C"%*aris"ns
2st N'"tiati"n
Pur&has Ordr
&rati"n
Pur&has Ordr snd t"
vnd"r Csu**!irD
."!!"# U* and *r"&ur th
%atria! $"r *r"du&ti"n
Matria! indntin'
CAs *r &ust"%r
s&hdu!D
32 ,#pat!h ,epartment
Th dis*at&h "$ %atria!s and $inishd '""ds is d"n in a vry $$i&int #ay.
42.ro&%!t#on ,epartment
This d*art%nt ntrustd #ith th tas0 "$ th *r"du&ti"n "$ D"Ar 2!ad, L"adr
2u&0t, Narr"# 2u&0t, 2a&0 -" Main .ra%, 2""%, Ar%, C"untr @i'ht, -avy Duty
2u&0t, Rv"!vin' .ra% and Tra&0 .ra%. .r"% "ur vry in&*ti"n at Fa%shd*ur in 3HHE and
at Dhar#ad in 3HHH, "ur in$rastru&tura! $a&i!itis hav 4n %ti&u!"us!y *!annd "ut #ith an y
t"#ards satis$yin' th )a&tin' standards "$ #"r!d &!ass *!ayrs in th Earth M"vin' Industry.
Lt9s hav a !""0 "n th *r"&ss "$ %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss in A*) Unit II, 4asi&a!!y this
&"%*any is havy $a4ri&ati"n &"%*any, thy ar %anu$a&turin' 2ACJ -OE LOADER
COMPONENTD ( EXCAVATOR COMPONENT,. ."!!"#in' ar th &"%*"nnts. F-ON
DEER CFDD 2""%, Ar%, L"adr Ar% and EXCAVATOR, <;, 33;, 35;, 2""% and
EXCAVATOR, <;, 33;,35; Ar%. Th 4!"# sh"#in' is th %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss "$
E)&avat"rs?<; 2""%.
2,PATIL Page 3H
/loG !hart of E8!a$ator H 6E
2,PATIL Page 5;
CONTINUE
5
ND
,TAGE A,,EM2LY
TE 5;<GH, TE 5;<H;
TA ;;566N;6
OUT O. .IXTURE
3
,T
,TAGE @ELDING
IN .IXTURE
,U2 A,,EM2LY 3
,T
,TAGE
TA ;33E8N;;, TA ;;566N5<,
TA ;;566N;3, TA;;566N;G,
TA;;566N;=, TA;;566N;E
TA;;566N;<
2OOM END 2RACJET
A,,EM2LY
TC ;;==GN;3CR-D, TC
;;==GN;5CL-D
2EVELING O. PLATE,
TA ;;566N;3, TA55;66N;<,
TA ;;566N;G

2,PATIL Page 53
CONTINU
E
A,,EM2LY OUT O.
.IXTURE
TA ;;566N;5
,ETTING
LE.T OVER @ELDING
TA ;566N5E
.IT AND @ELD
RO2OT @ELDING
R+&ti"nN
R&ti$i&ati"n
IN,PECTION
T"ta! !n'th 6<5;ON? 8%%
T"* !u' distan& @RT 2""%
End 2ra&0t, 2"tt"% !u'
distan&
P
CONTINUE
OUT O. .IXTURE
5
ND
,TAGE @ELDING
IN .IXTURE
TA ;;566N;H, TA ;;566N3;
TA ;;566N;8
LUG .ITTING
TA ;;566N38, TA ;;566N3=,
TA ;;566N3E, TA ;;566N3<,
N"t O0
OJ
N"t O0
OJ
N"t O0
OJ
N"t O0
2,PATIL Page 55
MAC-INING
DE,PATC-
RECTI.ICATION
REFECTIONN
RECTI.ICATION
REFECTIONN
RECTI.ICATION
IN,PECTIO
N
UT
TE,TING
DRE,,ING
IN,PECTIO
N
IN,PECTIO
N
CONTINU
E
OJ
Man%fa!t%r#ng pro!e of E8C6E (oom
Manu$a&turin' *r"&ss "$ E)? <; 2""% is havin' svra! st*s a!rady y"u 0n"#
in th $!"# &hart n"# 4!"# sh"#in' %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss in dtai!
3. RA@ MATERIAL,
In vry %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss ra# %atria!s %ust r7uird thr $"r APEX AUTO
LTD CUNIT IID *ur&has ra# %atria!s $r"% its %ain 4ran&h at FAM,-EDPUR and $"r% A*)
Aut" Ltd CUnit ID. ,"% %atria!s dir&t!y &"%s t" Unit II 4ut s"% %atria!s $irst!y &"%s t"
Unit I and a$tr s"% *r"&ss it is snd t" Unit II. Thn th st"rs d*art%nt snds %atria!s t"
*r"du&ti"n d*art%nt $"r *r"du&ti"n
5. 2OOM AND 2RACJET A,,EM2LY
In this *r"&ss 2""% and 2ra&0t ass%4!d "r *r"du&d. -r $irst!y thy +"in
5;%% 20t P!at CR-D CTC ;;==GN;3D and TA;;566N55 a&&"rdin' t" th dia'ra%. Thn thy +"in
5;%% 20t P!at CL-D CTC ;;==GN;5D and TA ;;566N33. A$tr that 4a&0 u* 4ars ar +"in at th
4"tt"% "$ 4"th 5;%% 20t *!ats. Thn ths t#" +"intd 4y th *!at 2a&0 u* *!at CTA
;;566N3HD, thn thy +"in "n s7uar *!at $"r %aintainin' r7uird di%nsi"ns a$tr #!din' "$
a!! this *arts this &"%*!t th %anu$a&turin' "$ 2""% And 2ra&0t Ass%4!y.
2,PATIL Page 56
6. 2EVELING O. PLATE,
,"% *!ats 4v!d 4y Unit I and th"s *!ats ar T"* r"!!in' *!atCTA ;;566N;3D,
,id 4nd *!at L-CTA ;;566N;<D and sid 4nd *!at R-CTA ;;566N;GD

8. IN .IXTURE ,U2 A,,EM2LY 3
,T
,TAGE
In this *r"&ss "n su4 ass%4!y #i!! 4 d"n in this sta' 2O,, CTD;33E8N;;D is
+"ind t" T"* r"!!in' *!at CTA ;;Q566N;3D at "n sid thn at th t"* "$ th 2O,, thy +"in ,id
4nd *!at L- CTA ;;566N;<D. A$tr that insid "$ th 2O,, thy +"in 2O,, 2a&0 u* P!at CTA
;;566N5<D. Thn in th %idd! "$ T"* r"!!in' *!at and ,id 4nd *!at thy +"in Gasst
*!atCTA;;566N;=D and nar t" that 2nd Gasst *!at is +"ind #ith r7uird di%nsi"n, a$tr
that ,id 4nd *!at R-CTA ;;566N;GD is +"ind a&&"rdin' t" dia'ra% s" this &"%*!t ,u4
ass%4!y $irst sta'.
=. OUT O. .IXTURE .IR,T ,TAGE @ELDING
A$tr &"%*!ti"n "$ ,u4 ass%4!y $irst sta' a&h *art is %anua!!y #!d in this
*r"&ss.
E. ,ECOND ,TAGE A,,EM2LY
In this *r"&ss 2a&0 u* 4ar CTE5;<GHD ;6 2a&0 u* 4arCTE5;<H;D ar atta&hd in
th insid *art "$ 2"tt"% r"!!in' *!at CTA;;566N;6D at th ri'ht sid #ith r7uird di%nsi"n
a&&"rdin' t" dia'ra%
<. OUT O. .IXTURE
In this *r"&ss s&"nd sta' #!din' *r"&ss is d"n %anua!!y.
G. IN .IXTURE
In this *r"&ss $irst!y *r*ard 2""% and 2ra&0t is +"ind 4y usin' *!ats su&h as
C"vr *!at E%% CTA;;566N;HD and C"vr *!at G%% CTA;;566N3;D, a$tr that thr is s"%
*!a& #hi&h is %*ty s" that *!a& is 4n $i!!d 4y *!ats Ta*r sid P!atCTA;;566N;8D 5 *!ats
a&&"rdin' t" dia'ra%. ," this *r"&ss $inishs 4""% and 4ra&0t ass%4!y.
2,PATIL Page 58
H. LUG .ITTING
In this *r"&ss Lu's ar $ittd t" th *r*ard &"%*"nnt #hi&h ar T"* !u' and
4"tt"% !u's and T"* #ashrs !u's and 2"tt"% #ashr Lu's. .irst!y 4"tt"% !u's ar +"ind t"
a&h "thr and thn th"s !u's ar atta&hd t" th 4"tt"% "$ th *r*ard &"%*"nnt. A$tr
+"inin' th 4"tt"% !u's th t"* !u' is +"ind t" th t"* "$ *r*ard &"%*"nnt #ith r7uird
di%nsi"n "r s*a& s" as t" &"%*!t this *r"&ss.
3;. IN,PECTION
This is an i%*"rtant sta' in %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss. In this sta' thy &h&0 t"ta!
!n'th "$ th &"%*"nnt. T"ta! !n'th sh"u!d 4 6<5;%% i$ thr !ss di$$rn& "$ 8%% thn
thr is n" *r"4!% it %ust n"t )&d 8%%, thn thy a!s" &h&0 &ntr *"int "$ th &"%*"nnt
and t"* !u' distan& t" th 4""% and 4ra&0t, and 4"tt"% !u' distan& "$ th &"%*"nnts i$ thr
is any *r"4!% $"und thn thy '" $"r r&ti$i&ati"n "$ th &"%*"nnt.
33. A,,EM2LY OUT O. .IXTURE
In this *r"&ss thy +"in "n T"* &"vr *!at CTA;;566N;5D t" th 4""% "r *r*ard
&"%*"nnt a&&"rdin' t" th standard dia'ra% and thy a!s" +"in RM9 *!at CTA;;566N5GD atta&h
t" th t"* !u's s" this &"%*!ts th *r"&ss "$ ass%4!y.
35. RO2OT @ELDING
R"4"t is a *r"'ra%%a4! %u!ti*!i&ati"n, %ani*u!at dsi'n t" %atria! *art, t""!s
"r s*&ia!iAd dvi&s ar t
" &arry "ut s*&i$i& tas0.
In R"4"t #!din' *r"&ssd &"%*"nnts ar #!d 4y R"4"t %a&hin. .irst!y thy
st th *r"'ra%s t" th r"4"t $"r #!din' th &"%*"nnts. Evry &"%*"nnt has is its "#n
#!din' *r"'ra% a&&"rdin' t" th standard dra#in' "$ th &"%*"nnts, a$tr insta!!ati"n "$ th
2,PATIL Page 5=
E) S <; *r"'ra% th #!din' *r"&ss "$ EX? <; 4""% starts, Mi' #!din' #ir is 4n usd 4y
th r"4"t t" #!d th &"%*"nnt.Q
36. LE.T OVER @ELDING
A$tr &"%*!ti"n "$ th R"4"t #!din' thr ar s"% s*a&s !$t #hi&h ar #!d
%anua!!y 4y #!drs. In this *r"&ss thy a!s" +"in 2O,, Rn$"r&%nt *!at CTA;;566N5ED at
th t"* and 4"tt"% sid "$ th 2O,, a&&"rdin' t" th dia'ra%.
38. ,ETTING
In this *r"&ss thy %aintain r7uird di%nsi"n in vari"us *arts "$ th &"%*"nnts
thr"u'h th 'as hatin' #hi&h in&!uds Or'an and C"
3=. IN,PECTION
In this *r"&ss thy %asur th &"%*"nnts 4y usin' %asurin' s&a!, try s7uar,
Vrnir and 'au's t&.
3E. MAC-INING
Ma&hinin' *r"&ss %ans r%"vin' th r"u'h $a& as *r th standard dra#in'. In
%a&hinin' *r"&ss thy hav t#" ty* "$ +"4s "n is %i!!in' and th "thr is 4"rin', in this
*r"&ss thy ar usin' t#" ty* "$ %a&hins "n ,-@ that %ans hiddn &"ntr"! %a&hin and
th "thr is .anu& &"ntr"! %a&hin. T" rdu& hat in th *r"&ss thy ar usin' &""!ant "i!
4&aus it h!*s t" rdu& th hat $"r insrt #ar and tar and it h!*s t" s%""th %i!!in' and
4"rin' "$ th &"%*"nnt in %a&hinin' thy ar havin' thr sta's
3. R"u'h sta'
5. ,%i $inish
6. .inish ,ta'
In E)? <; 4""% &"%*"nnts ar havin' %ain!y $"ur 4"rs 4"ss 4"r %ust hav th siA "$ <=%%
and !u' 4"r %ust hav th siA "$ ==%% and 4ra&0t %ust hav E;%%.
3<. IN,PECTION
2,PATIL Page 5E
In this *r"&ss thy us th $"!!"#in' instru%nts t" &h&0 #athr th %a&hinin'
*r"&ss is *r"*r!y d"n "r n"t
3. 2"r dia! 'au'
5. Mi&r"%tr
6. Vrnir
8. Masurin' s&a! t&
3G. DRE,,ING
Drssin' is th vry i%*"rtant sta' in %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss in this *r"&ss thy
&!an th &"%*"nnts 4y usin' 'rindin' %a&hin and sandr %a&hin t" r%"v s*attrs &hi*s
t&, hr thy a!s" $it s"% it%s t" *r*ar &"%*"nnts t" a&&"rdin' t" standard dia'ra%.
3H. IN,PECTION
In this *r"&ss thy ar &h&0in' #!din' d$&ts in th &"%*"nnts 4y usin'
U!tras"ni& T&hni7u CUTD %a&hin, th $"!!"#in' ar th d$&ts # &an $ind 4y usin' UT
%a&hin.
3. 2!"# -"!dr ara
5. Pr"*r *ntrati"n
6. P"rsity t&
5;. DI,PATC-
A$tr &"%*!ti"n "$ a!! this *r"&sss th 7ua!ity assuran& d*art%nt &h&0s th
7ua!ity "$ th &"%*"nnt and a$tr &h&0in' thy $ina!!y dis*at&h th *r"du&t s" this &"%*!t
th %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss "$ EX?<; 4""% %"d!.
A*) Aut" Li%itd is in th srvi& "$ 'aints in th $i!d "$ E)&avat"r
%anu$a&turin' C". TELCON $"r E Yars 4y %aintainin' a hi'h LUALITY ( ,JILL. And $"r
its $$"rts, it has 4n &rti$id 4y TELCON, and "thr 7ua!ity %aintain' instituti"ns.

2,PATIL Page 5<
Mana'%nt "$ invnt"ry assu%s i%*"rtan& du t" th $a&t that invst%nt in
invnt"ry &"nstituts "n "$ th %a+"r invst%nts in &urrnt assts.
Th tr% invnt"ry r$rs t" th st"&0*i! "$ th *r"du&ts a $ir% is "$$rin' $"r sa! and
th &"%*"nnts that %a0 u* th *r"du&t. Th assts #hi&h $ir%s st"r as invnt"ry in
anti&i*ati"n "$ nd ar>
CiD RaG Mater#al>
Ths r*rsnt in*uts *ur&hasd and st"r t" 4 &"nvrtd int" $inishd *r"du&ts in
$utur 4y %a0in' &rtain %anu$a&turin' *r"&ss "n th sa%.
CiiD 0orI #n .ro!e>
Ths r*rsnt s%i?%anu$a&turd *r"du&ts #hi&h nd $urthr *r"&ssin' 4$"r thy
&an 4 tratd as $inishd *r"du&ts.
CiiiD /#n#he& Goo&>
Ths r*rsnt th $inishd *r"du&ts rady $"r sa! in th %ar0t.
2,PATIL Page 5G
CivD Store an& S%ppl#e>
Ths r*rsnt that *art "$ th invnt"ry, #hi&h d"s n"t 4&"% a *art "$ $ina! *r"du&t
4ut ar r7uird $"r *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss. Thy %ay 4 in th $"r% "$ &"tt"n #ast, "i! and
!u4ri&ants, s"a*s, 4r""%s, !i'ht 4u!4s t&. N"r%a!!y, thy $"r% a vry %in"r *art "$ t"ta!
invnt"ry and d" n"t inv"!v si'ni$i&ant invst%nt.
Lt us hav a !""0 "n Di$$rnt Invnt"ry Mana'%nt Vi#s. Mans %*hasis r"! "$
Invnt"ry Mana'%nt in di$$rnt ,&t"rs.
2,PATIL Page 5H
Physi&a! Invnt"ry
Mana'%nt
.inan&ia! Invnt"ry
Mana'%nt
L"'isti& Invnt"ry
Mana'%nt
1
V
I
E
0

S
Invnt"ry Mana'%nt is &"nsistin' "$ 6 hands. Th $irst hand as sh"#n in th dia'ra%
is that Physi&a! Invnt"ry Mana'%nt, ,&"nd "n is .inan&ia! Invnt"ry Mana'%nt and th
!ast "n Cthird "nD is L"'isti& Invnt"ry Mana'%nt.
Th ras"n 4hind "$ dividin' ths vi#s is> t" 'athr th in$"r%ati"n vry asi!y and
$"r asy t" undrstandin' "$ a&h vi# th"r"u'h!y. Lt us s th Manin's "$ a&h vi# "n 4y
"n.
.h'#!al In$entor' Management
Mean#ng>
/J*in' "$ '""ds is a!s" a ty* "$ %ana'%nt. @hnvr r7uir%nts &"%s $r"%
th *r"du&ti"n d*art%nt, *r"vidin' "$ th"s r7uird %atria!s in a *r"*r %annr ( *r"vidin'
th"s at th s*&i$id *ri"d, is th %ain %"tt" "$ Physi&a! Invnt"ry Mana'%nt.1
(enef#t for +ol&#ng In$entor' *
(enef#t #n .%r!ha#ng
(enef#t #n .ro&%!t#on
(enef#t #n 0orIC#nC.ro!e
(enef#t #n Sale
Ob"e!t of In$entor' Management*
Usua!!y, th &"%*any is $a&d #ith th $"!!"#in' &"n$!i&tin' "4+&tivs in th ara "$
invnt"ry %ana'%nt>
2,PATIL Page 6;
3. T" &arry %a)i%u% invnt"ry in "rdr t" $a&i!itat $$i&int and s%""th *r"du&ti"n
and sa!s "*rati"ns.
5. T" %ini%iA invst%nt in invnt"ry $"r %a)i%iA th *r"$ita4i!ity.
2"th "vr?invst%nt and undr invst%nt in invnt"ris is undsira4! as 4"th inv"!v th
&"ns7un&s. The o$erC#n$etment #n$ol$e the !oneJ%en!e l#Ie>
iD Unn&ssary 4!"&0in' "$ $unds in invnt"ry and hn& !"ss "$ *r"$it.
iiD E)&ssiv st"ra' and Insuran& C"st.
i. Ris0 "$ !i7uidity. Th invnt"ris "n& *ur&hasd and st"rd ar n"r%a!!y di$$i&u!t t"
dis*"s "$$ at th sa% va!u.
The %n&erC#n$etment #n$ol$e the !oneJ%en!e l#Ie>
4. I$ su$$i&int st"&0 "$ ra# %atria! and #"r0 in *r"&ss is n"t avai!a4!, it %ay rsu!t int"
$r7unt intrru*ti"ns in *r"du&ti"n.
&. I$ su$$i&int st"&0 "$ $inishd '""ds is n"t avai!a4! it %ay n"t 4 *"ssi4! $"r th
&"%*any t" srv th &ust"%rs *r"*r!y and thy %ay shi$t t" th &"%*tit"rs.
Thus, it &an 4 said that th "4+&tiv "$ invnt"ry %ana'%nt is t" %ini%iA th
invst%nt in invnt"ry #ith"ut a$$&tin' *r"du&ti"n "r sa!s "*rati"ns.
Invnt"ry, as a &urrnt asst, di$$rs $r"% th "thr &urrnt assts 4&aus "n!y $inan&ia!
%ana'rs ar n"t inv"!vd. Rathr, a!! th $un&ti"na! aras, $inan&, Mar0tin', Pr"du&t (
Pur&hasin' ar inv"!vd.
Th +"4 "$ th $inan&ia! %ana'r is t" r&"n&i! th &"n$!i&tin' vi#*"ints "$ th vari"us
$un&ti"na! aras r'ardin' th a**r"*riat invnt"ry !v!s in "rdr t" $u!$i!! th "vra!! "4+&tiv
"$ %a)i%iAin' "$ "#nr9s #a!th.
TGoC(#n S'tem>
2,PATIL Page 63
Undr this syst%, th invnt"ry it%s ar 'r"u*d int" t#" &at'"ris. In "n 'r"u* "r
4in, su$$i&int 7uantity is 0*t t" %t th &urrnt r7uir%nts "vr a dsi'natd *ri"d "$ it%.
In an"thr 'r"u* "r 4in, a sa$ty st"&0 is %aintaind t" %t th r7uir%nts "$ invnt"ry at
ti%s #hn th st"&0 in th $irst 4in is )haustd and r?"rdrin' "&&urs.
/#nan!#al In$entor' Management
Mean#ng>
/R&"rdin', %aintainin' and va!uatin' "$ st"&0s in a va!u tr%s is 0n"#n as .inan&ia!
Invnt"ry Mana'%nt.1 In "thr #"rds va!uati"n "$ st"&0s, and &"ntr"!!in' "$ "rdrin' and
h"!din' &"sts and a!s" %aintainin' "$ su$$i&int va!ud st"&0s in Invnt"ry is 0n"#n as .inan&ia!
Invnt"ry Mana'%nt.1
.inan&ia! Invnt"ry Mana'%nt is a'ain dividd int" thr di$$rnt &at'"ris.
3D 2asd "n Va!uati"n
5D 2asd "n C"st Ana!ysis
6D 2asd "n .inan&ia! ,tat%nt
>< (ae& on Val%at#on
Thr ar nu%4r "$ 'nra!!y a&&*td %th"ds "$ dtr%inin' th &"st "$ invnt"ris at
th &!"s "$ th a&&"untin' *ri"d. Th s!&ti"n "$ a suita4! %th"d assu%s si'ni$i&an& in
vi# "$ th $a&t that it has a dir&t 4arin' "n th &"st "$ '""ds s"!d and &"ns7unt!y "n *r"$it.
2,PATIL Page 65
Thr$"r, th %th"d sh"u!d 4 s!&td in th !i'ht "$ *r"4a4! $$&ts "n *r"$its "vr a *ri"d
"$ yars.
Note>
It %ay n"t 4 "ut "$ *!a& t" %nti"n that "n& a %th"d is s!&td, it %ust 4 usd
&"nsistnt!y and &ann"t 4 &han'd $r"% yar t" yar.
Th dis&ussi"n hr "$ th %th"ds t" va!u invnt"ry sh"u!d, thr$"r 4 vi#d in this
*rs*&tiv.
/#rt In /#rt O%t 9/I/O< Metho&>
Th .I.O %th"d "$ va!uati"n "$ invnt"ry is 4asd "n th assu%*ti"n that th invnt"ry
is &"nsu%d in &hr"n"!"'i&a! "rdr, that is, th"s r&ivd $irst ar issudN&"nsu%d $irst and
va!u $i)d a&&"rdin'!y. Th %rit "$ .I.O %th"d is that th *hysi&a! $!"# "$ %atria!s
%at&hs th $!"# "$ &"st.
-at #n /#rt O%t 9-I/O< Metho&>
Undr th LI.O %th"d, th &"st "$ '""ds s"!d and th va!u "$ &!"sin' invnt"ry &an 4
dtr%ind "n!y a$tr th $ina! !"t "$ th yar has 4n r&ivd. This is 4&aus "$ th
assu%*ti"n undr!yin' th va!uati"n "$ invnt"ry, a&&"rdin' t" this %th"d. As th na% LI.O
su''sts, th us "$ invnt"ry is va!ud "n th 4asis "$ th invrs s7un& "$ r&i*ts. ,in&
th LI.O %th"d assu%s that th !atst it% in is th $irst it% "ut, th &urrnt &"st "$ %atria!s
ar %at&hd #ith th &urrnt s!!in' *ri&N&urrnt rvnus. This %at&hin' "$ &urrnt &"sts #ith
&urrnt rvnus is th ssn& "$ th ar'u%nt $"r th LI.O %th"d.
A$erage Cot Metho&>
2,PATIL Page 66
A&&"rdin' t" avra' &"st %th"d, a&h *ur&has is addd t" invnt"ry and an avra'
&"st dtr%ind. Matria!s ar &har'd int" &"st "$ sa!s at this avra' unti! an"thr !"t is
r&ivd, #hn a n# avra' unit invnt"ry &"st is &a!&u!atd.
N"t> Thr ar s" %any "thr than ths a4"v %th"ds 4ut %"st #id us$u!!y %th"ds ar
ths thr s" hr # dis&ussd th"s thr %th"ds "n!y.
?< (ae& on Cot Anal'#
Cot of +ol&#ng In$entor'* ?
On "*ratin' "4+&tiv "$ invnt"ry %ana'%nt is t" %ini%iA &"st. E)&!udin' th
&"st "$ %r&handis, th &"sts ass"&iatd #ith invnt"ry $a!! int" t#" 4asi& &at'"ris> CiD
Ordrin' "r A&7uisiti"n "r ,t?u* C"sts, and CiiD Carryin' C"sts. Ths &"sts ar an i%*"rtant
!%nt "$ th "*ti%u% !v! "$ invnt"ry d&isi"ns.
>< Or&er#ng Cot >
It is th $i)d &"st "$ *!a&in' ( r&ivin' an invnt"ry "rdr. Li0 CaD Pr*arin' a *ur&has
"rdr "r r7uisiti"n $"r% ( C4D r&ivin', ins*&tin' ( r"rdrin' '""ds r&ivd t" nsur 4"th
7uantity ( 7ua!ity. It is a!s" &a!!d as stu* &"st.
2,PATIL Page 68
?< Carr'#ng Cot >
Th s&"nd 4r"ad &at'"ry "$ &"sts ass"&iatd #ith invnt"ry is th &arryin' &"sts. Thy ar
inv"!vd in %aintainin' "r &arryin' invnt"ry. Th &"st "$ h"!din' invnt"ry %ay 4 dividd
int" t#" &at'"ris.
>2 Thoe that Ar#e ,%e to the Stor#ng of In$entor'> Th %ain &"%*"nnts "$ this
&at'"ry "$ &arryin' &"sts ar CiD st"ra' &"st, that is, d*r&iati"n, insuran&,
%aintnan& "$ th 4ui!din' and uti!itis: CiiD insuran& "$ invnt"ry a'ainst $ir and th$t:
CiiiD dtri"rati"n in invnt"ry 4&aus "$ *i!$ra', $ir, t&hni&a! "4s"!s&n&, sty!
"4s"!s&n& and *ri& d&!in: CivD srvin' &"sts, su&h as !a4"ur $"r hand!in' invnt"ry,
&!ri&a! and a&&"untin' &"sts.
?2 The Opport%n#t' Cot of /%n&> This &"nsists "$ )*nss in raisin' $unds Cintrst "n
&a*ita!D t" $inan& th a&7uisiti"n "$ invnt"ry. I$ $unds #r n"t !"&0d u* in invnt"ry,
thy #"u!d hav arnd a rturn. This is th "**"rtunity &"st "$ $unds "r th $inan&ia!
&"st &"%*"nnt "$ th &"st.
-#nI#ng of Cot bae& an& .h'#!al (ae& In$entor' Management*
Th &arryin' &"sts and th invnt"ry siA ar *"sitiv!y r!atd and %"v in th sa%
dir&ti"n. I$ th !v! "$ invnt"ry in&rass, th &arryin' &"sts a!s" in&ras and vi&?vrsa.
Total Cot>
Th su% "$ invnt"ry in&rass, th &arryin' &"sts r*rsnt th t"ta! &"st "$ invnt"ry.
This is &"%*ard #ith th 4n$its arisin' "ut "$ invnt"ry t" dtr%in th "*ti%u% !v! "$
invnt"ry.
E!onom#! Or&er A%ant#t' 9EOA<>
2,PATIL Page 6=
-"# %u&h invnt"ry sh"u!d 4 4"u'ht in a !"tM ,h"u!d th 7uantity t" 4 *ur&hasd 4
!ar' "r s%a!!M ,h"u!d th r7uir%nts "$ %atria! durin' a 'ivn *ri"d Csay E %"nths "r 3
yarD 4 a&7uird in "n !"t "r sh"u!d it 4 a&7uird in insta!!%nts "r in svra! s%a!! !"tsM
,u&h invnt"ry *r"4!%s ar &a!!d Ordr 7uantity *r"4!%s.
Thr$"r EOL is that !v! "$ invnt"ry at #hi&h t"ta! &"st "$ invnt"ry &"%*risin'
"rdrin' &"st ( &arryin' &"sts is th %ini%u%
/orm%lae for !al!%lat#ng E!onom#! Or&er A%ant#t'>
EOL P 5AO
C
@hr,
AP Annua! Luantity
OP Ordrin' C"st
CP Carryin' C"st
A%mpt#on>
2,PATIL Page 6E
>2 Th $ir% 0n"#s #ith &rtainty th annua! usa' C&"nsu%*ti"nD "$ a *arti&u!ar it% "$
invnt"ry.
?2 Th rat at #hi&h th $ir% uss invnt"ry is stady "vr ti%.
12 Th "rdrs *!a&d t" r*!nish invnt"ry st"&0s ar r&ivd at )a&t!y that *"int in
ti% #hn invnt"ris ra&h Ar".
Or&er .o#nt>
Reor&er .o#nt>
This is th *"int at #hi&h t" "rdr invnt"ry?)*rssd 7uati"n?a!!y as>
Lad Ti% in days X dai!y usa'.
-ea& T#me>
It is th ti% n"r%a!!y ta0n in r&ivin' d!ivry a$tr *!a&in' "rdrs #ith su**!irs.
Safet' Sto!I>
It i%*!is )tra invnt"ris that &an 4 dra#n d"#n #hn a&tua! !ad?ti% andN"r usa'
rats ar 'ratr than )*&td.
6D (ae& on /#nan!#al Statement
."r havin' assistan& 4y 4an0s, 4an0rs sh"u!d $irst va!uat th $"!!"#in's>
3. C"!!atra! ,trn'th.
2,PATIL Page 6<
?2 In$entor' .o#t#on
12 Some /#nan!#al Rat#o
8. Pay%nt "$ a!! r7uir%nts !i0 In&"% Ta), @a!th Ta), Intrsts "n d4t t&.,
=. A'r%nt *a*rs "$ a!! auth"riAd *rs"ns !i0 D4ntur h"!drs, ,harh"!drs t&.,
E. A!! r7uird d"&u%nts.
<. @h" is th 2uyr and his C"untry9s r!ati"nshi* t&,
Th %ain r7uir%nt $"r 2an0r is th .inan&ia! ,tat%nts "$ 6 t" = yars. .r"% this
stat%nt it &an +ud' th $inan&ia! strn'th "$ th C"%*any. @hi! ana!yAin' "$ .inan&ia!
,trn'th "$ th C"%*any, Invnt"ry is a!s" havin' its "#n %*hasis r"!. 2&aus i$ &"%*any is
havin' !ss invnt"ry than its r7uir%nt thn &"%*any #i!! 't !ss $inan& $r"% 2an0s and
visa?vrsa. ," hr hi'h invnt"ry %ans, hi'h in th sns &"%*any sh"u!d hav su$$i&int
invnt"ry a&&"rdin' t" its "rdr. N"t %"r than its "rdr.
Lt us hav a !""0 "n s"% Invnt"ry r!atd Rati"s and a!s" s"% i%*"rtant $inan&ia!
rati"s th"s, #hi&h ar r!atd t" Invnt"ry. .r"% va!uatin' "$ ths .inan&ia! Rati"s, &"%*any
&an +ud' th st"&0sN'""ds !v! in Invnt"ry, s" that &"%*any &an 't !"an $r"% 2an0s.
Th $inan&ia! stat%nt *r"vids a su%%ariAd vi# "$ th $inan&ia! *"siti"n and
"*rati"ns "$ a $ir%. Thr$"r, %u&h &an 4 !arnt a4"ut a $ir% $r"% a &ar$u! )a%inati"n "$ its
$inan&ia! stat%nts as inva!ua4! d"&u%ntsN*r$"r%an& r*"rts. Th ana!ysis "$ $inan&ia!
stat%nt is, thus an i%*"rtant aid t" $inan&ia! ana!ysis.
Th ana!ysis "$ $inan&ia! stat%nts is a *r"&ss "$ va!uatin' r!ati"nshi* 4t#n
&"%*"nnt *arts "$ $inan&ia! stat%nts t" "4tain a 4ttr undrstandin' "$ th $ir%9s *"siti"n
and *r$"r%an&.
Tas0s "$ .inan&ia! ana!yst is t">
2,PATIL Page 6G
3D ,!&t th in$"r%ati"n r!vant t" th d&isi"n undr &"nsidrati"n $r"% th t"ta!
in$"r%ati"n &"ntaind in $inan&ia! stat%nt.
5D Arran' th in$"r%ati"n in #ay t" hi'h!i'ht si'ni$i&ant r!ati"nshi*s.
6D Intr*rtati"n and dra#in' "$ in$rn&s and &"n&!usi"ns.
In 4ri$, $inan&ia! ana!ysis is th *r"&ss "$ s!&ti"n, r!ati"n and va!uati"n.
.inan&ia! ana!ysis is th *r"&ss "$ idnti$yin' th $inan&ia! strn'ths and #a0nsss "$
th $ir% 4y *r"*r!y sta4!ishin' r!ati"nshi*s 4t#n th it%s "$ th 4a!an& sht and th
*r"$it and !"ss a&&"unt. .inan&ia! ana!ysis &an 4 undr ta0n 4y %ana'%nt "$ th $ir%, "r 4y
*artis "ut sid th $ir%, viA., "#nrs, &rdit"rs, invst"rs and "thrs. Th natur "$ ana!ysis #i!!
di$$r d*ndin' "n th *ur*"s "$ th ana!yst.
Mana'%nt "$ th $ir% #"u!d 4 intrstd in vry as*&t "$ th $inan&ia! ana!ysis. It
is thir "vra!! rs*"nsi4i!ity t" s that th rs"ur&s "$ th $ir% ar usd %"st
$$&tiv!y and $$i&int!y, and that th $ir%9s $inan&ia! &"nditi"n is s"und.
Tradr &rdit"rs ar intrstd in $ir%9s a4i!ity t" %t thir &!ai%s "vr a vry sh"rt
*ri"d "$ ti%.
Invst"rs, #h" hav invstd thir %"ny in th $ir%9s shars, ar %"st &"n&rnd a4"ut
th $ir%9s arnin's.
,u**!irs "$ !"n'?tr%s d4t, "n th "thr hand ar &"n&rnd #ith th $ir%9s !"n'?tr%
s"!vn&y and surviva!. Thy ana!yA th $ir%9s *r"$ita4i!ity "vr ti%, its a4i!ity t"
'nrat &ash t" 4 a4! t" *ay intrst and r*ay *rin&i*a! and th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n
vari"us s"ur&s "$ $unds.
?2Rat#o Anal'# relate& to In$entor'
Rati" ana!ysis is a *"#r$u! t""! "$ $inan&ia! ana!ysis. A rati" is d$ind as /th indi&atd
7u"tint "$ t#" %ath%ati&a! )*rssi"ns1 and as /th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n t#" "r %"r thin's.1
In $inan&ia! ana!ysis rati" is usd as a 4n&h%ar0 $"r va!uatin' th $inan&ia! *"siti"n and
2,PATIL Page 6H
*r$"r%an& "$ a $ir%. Rati"s h!* t" su%%ariA !ar' 7uantitis "$ $inan&ia! data and t" %a0
7ua!itativ +ud'%nt a4"ut t" $"r% a 7ua!itativ +ud'%nt th $"&us "$ $inan&ia! ana!ysis is "n th
0y $i'urs in th $inan&ia! stat%nts and th si'ni$i&ant r!ati"nshi*s that )ist 4t#n th%.
T'pe of Rat#o*
a. Li7uidity Rati"s
4. A&tivity Rati"s
&. Pr"$ita4i!ity Rati"s
A. -#J%#&#t' Rat#o>
Li7uidity r$rs t" th a4i!ity "$ th $ir% t" %t its "4!i'ati"ns in th ,h"rt run, usua!!y
"n yar. Li7uidity rati"s %asur th a4i!ity "$ th $ir% t" %t its &urrnt "4!i'ati"ns.
Li7uidity rati"s 4y sta4!ishin' a r!ati"nshi* 4t#n &ash and "thr Currnt assts t" Currnt
"4!i'ati"ns *r"vid a 7ui&0 %asur "$ !i7uidity. A $ir% sh"u!d nsur that it d"s n"t su$$r
$r"% !a&0 "$ !i7uidity, and a!s" that it d"s n"t hav )&ss !i7uidity.
Thr$"r it is n&ssary t" stri0 a *r"*r 4a!an& 4t#n hi'h !i7uidity and !a&0 "$
!i7uidity. ."!!"#in' ar s"% "$ th i%*"rtant !i7uidity rati"s>
3. Currnt Rati"
5. Lui&0 Rati"
6. Nt #"r0in' Ca*ita! Rati"
2. A!t#$#t' Rat#o>
2,PATIL Page 8;
A&tivity rati"s ar &"n&rnd #ith %asurin' th $$i&in&y in asst %ana'%nt.
,"%ti%s, ths rati"s ar a!s" &a!!d $$i&in&y rati"s "r asst uti!iAati"n rati"s. Th $$i&in&y
#ith #hi&h, assts ar &"nvrtd int" sa!s. Th 'ratr th rat "$ turn"vr "r &"nvrsi"n, is th
%"r $$i&int th uti!iAati"n. ."r this ras"n, su&h rati"s ar a!s" dsi'natd as turn"vr rati"s.
Turn"vr is th *ri%ary %"d $"r %asurin' th )tnt "$ $$i&int %*!"y%nt "$ assts 4y
r!atin' th assts t" sa!s. An a&tivity rati" %ay, thr$"r, 4 d$ind as a tst "$ th
r!ati"nshi* 4t#n sa!s and vari"us assts "$ a $ir%. ,vra! a&tivity rati"s &an 4 &a!&u!atd
t" +ud' th $$&tivnss "$ asst uti!iAati"n.
3. Invnt"ry Turn"vr
5. Assts Turn"vr
6. .i)d Assts and Currnt Assts Turn"vr
Aet Mea%rement for &#fferent metho& of #n$entor' $al%at#on>
/I/O Metho&>
Undr this %th"d, as n"td ar!ir, invnt"ry is va!ud "n th assu%*ti"n "$
&hr"n"!"'i&a! &"st $!"#. This i%*!is that th unusdNuns"!d invnt"ry &"nsists "$ th %"st
r&nt *ur&hass and, thr$"r, &an 4 assu%d t" 4 va!ud at &urrnt &"st. Th va! "$
invnt"ry as sh"# in th 4a!an& sht #"u!d r$!&t th current cost, i$ .I.O %th"d #r usd.
-I/O Metho&>
A&&"rdin' t" this %th"d, "4vi"us!y, th invnt"ry $i'ur #"u!d n"t a**ar in th
4a!an& sht at th Currnt C"st. It #i!! r$!&t rathr th &"st "$ ra# %atria!s *ur&hasd in th
*ast yar. Assu%in' risin' *ri&s, th invnt"ry va!u 4asd "n th LI.O %th"d #"u!d tnd t"
2,PATIL Page 83
4 undervalued. ."r )a%*! invnt"ry *ur&hasd as ar!y as si) yars "r %"r. In that
situati"n, th invnt"ry $i'ur in&!udd in th 4a!an& sht #"u!d 4 a&tua!!y th *ri& *aid "n
th *ur&has "$ invnt"ry si) yars a'". In a *ri"d "$ risin' *ri&s, this va!u #"u!d natura!!y
4 'r"ss!y "ut "$ !in #ith th &urrnt!y *rvai!in' *ri&. This #"u!d i%*!y that th 4a!an&
sht #"u!d n"t r$!&t th &urrnt #"rth "$ th invnt"ry. That th invnt"ry va!u #i!! n"t 4
&"rr&t is an"thr #ay "$ sayin' that th 4a!an& sht #i!! *rsnt a dist"rtd *i&tur "$ th
a$$airs "$ th $ir%s.
A *"ssi4! s"!uti"n t" &"rr&t th a4"v dist"rti"n in th 4a!an& sht i%*!i&it in th
undr?va!uati"n "$ invnt"ry #ith th LI.O %th"d is a %"di$idNad+ustd LI.O %th"d.

Th %"di$id %th"d #i!!, thus, srv th nds "$ &"rr&t in&"% dtr%inati"n as #!!
as &"rr&t asst %asur%nt. -"#vr, this is su4+&t t" a 7ua!i$i&ati"n, na%!y, th &urrnt
yar9s *ur&has CunitsD sh"u!d )&d th &urrnt yar9s &"nsu%*ti"n CunitsD. I$ $"r ras"ns su&h
as stri0N!"&0"uts, trans*"rtati"n *r"4!%s, and s" "n, th &urrnt &"nsu%*ti"n )&ds th
&urrnt *ur&hass, *r"$its #i!! ris. Th in&ras #i!! d*nd u*"n th )tnt "$ !i7uidati"n "$
th *rvi"us yars9 invnt"ry. This in&ras in *r"$it is tr%d as !i7uidati"n *r"$it, #hi&h is
7ua! t" th di$$rn& 4t#n th &urrnt &"st "$ invnt"ry and th &"st "$ invnt"ry *ur&hasd
in th *ast.
2,PATIL Page 85
-og#t#! In$entor' Management
Mean#ng of -og#t#!>
L"'isti&s is th Or'aniAati"n "$ ,rvi&s and ,u**!is. In "thr #"rds, !"'isti&s is
%a0in' and ta0in' th *r%issi"n $"r s!!N)*"rtin' th &"%*any9s *r"du&ts in $"ri'n &"untris.
In $u!!y )*"rt?"rintd 4usinss this is "n "$ th %ain d*art%nt, #hr this
d*art%nt 'ts an a**r"va! t" s!! thir '""ds in $"ri'n &"untris. And a!s" thir %ain
intnti"n is t" %aintain a!! d"&u%nts "$ th"s that ar r!atd t" th )*"rtin' "$ thir *r"du&ts.
-og#t#! In$entor' Management>
Ys, a!rady # hav "4srvd a4"ut th %anin' "$ Invnt"ry Mana'%nt in th
Or'aniAati"n. 2ut in $u!!y )*"rt "rintd 4usinss: Invnt"ry Mana'%nt is a vry i%*"rtant
&"n&*t. 2&aus vry )*"rtr "r i%*"rtr, thy d" n"t 0n"# a4"ut a&h "thr #h" ar stayin'
in "thr &"untris.
2,PATIL Page 86
," vry &"%*any, #hi&h ar )*"rtin' "r i%*"rtin' "$ %atria!s, thy sh"u!d
&"%%uni&at a&h "thr thr"u'h 4an0s "n!y. Ths 4an0s ar !istd 4y Cntra! 2an0 "$ that
Nati"n. In "ur C"untry R2I is !ists s"% 4an0s $"r intr%diatin' *ur*"s and vry yar R2I
d&!ar s"% !istd 2an0s as a %diat"r.
."r *r"du&in' "$ %atria!s and s!!in' "$ th"s %atria!s, vry &"%*anyN4usinss sh"u!d
nd a @"r0in' Ca*ita!. This @"r0in' Ca*ita! &an a!s" $inan&d 4y 2an0s. @hi! in )*"rt
"rintd 4usinss it is s!i'ht!y di$$rnt tas0. -r 2an0s &an a&ts as $inan&ia! assistan& $"r Pr?
,hi*%nt and $"r P"st ,hi*%nt "$ G""ds.
."r havin' an assistan& 4y 4an0s thy sh"u!d $irst va!uat $"!!"#in's>
3. C"!!atra! ,trn'th.
5. Invnt"ry P"siti"n
6. ,"% .inan&ia! Rati"s
8. Pay%nt "$ a!! r7uir%nts !i0 In&"% Ta), @a!th Ta), Intrst t&.,
=. A'r%nt *a*rs "$ a!! auth"riAd *rs"ns !i0 D4nturs, ,harh"!drs t&.,
E. A!! r7uird d"&u%nts.
<. @h" is th 2uyr and his C"untry9s r!ati"nshi* t&,
2$"r '"in' t" dtai! d&isi"n "n 2an0s !t us hav a !""0 "n C"%%r&ia! Pa*rs. @hi&h ar
a!s" *arts "$ $inan&in' th #"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nts "$ th C"%*anis.
Commer!#al .aper CCPsD>
In th r&nt *ast, C"%%r&ia! Pa*rs CCPsD hav 4&"% "n "$ th 4st %th"ds $"r
$inan&in' th #"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nts "$ th &"%*anis.
Th &"%*anis tryin' t" rais th $unds 4y issuin' th CP ar r'u!atd 4y Guid!ins $"r
issu "$ C"%%ri&a! Pa*rs CCPD, 5;;; issud 4y Rsrv 2an0 "$ India "n O&t"4r 3;, 5;;;.
2,PATIL Page 88
Ths 'uid!ins a**!y t" th &"%*anis tryin' t" rais th $unds 4y issuin' th CPs. As *r
ths 'uid!ins, a a &"%*any %ans a &"%*any as d$ind in s&ti"n 8=?ICaaD "$ Rsrv 2an0
"$ India A&t, 3H68. ,&ti"n 8=?ICaaD "$ Rsrv 2an0 A&t, 3H68 d$ins a &"%*any as th
&"%*any as th &"%*any as d$ind in s&ti"n 6 "$ th &"%*anis A&t, 3H=E.
In th Indian &ir&u%stan&s, 4an0s *!ay a vry %a+"r r"! in $inan&in' th #"r0in' &a*ita!
r7uir%nt "$ th "r'aniAati"ns. @ #i!! &"nsidr th 4an0 as a s"ur& $"r $inan&in' th
#"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nt "$ th "r'aniAati"ns undr th $"!!"#in' hads>
Amo%nt of A#tan!e
T" "4tain th 4an0 &rdit $"r $inan&in' th #"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nts, th &"%*any is
r7uird t" sti%at th #"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nt *r"*r!y. T" sti%at th r7uir%nt "$
#"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nt *r"*r!y, th &"%*any #i!! 4 r7uird t" sti%at its !v! "$
&urrnt assts and &urrnt !ia4i!itis *r"*r!y, as #"r0in' &a*ita! is th di$$rn& 4t#n &urrnt
assts and &urrnt !ia4i!itis.
."r this, th t&hni7us !i0 rati" ana!ysis, trnd ana!ysis t&., &an 4 usd 4y th
&"%*any. M"r a&&urat th sti%ati"n "$ th !v! "$ &urrnt assts and &urrnt !ia4i!itis, %"r
a&&urat th sti%ati"n "$ !v! "$ &urrnt &a*ita!. Thn, th &"%*any #i!! hav t" a**r"a&h th
4an0 a!"n' #ith th n&ssary su**"rtin' data. On th 4asis "$ sti%ats su4%ittd 4y th
&"%*any, th 4an0 %ay d&id th a%"unt "$ assistan& that &an 4 )tndd. @hi! )tndin'
th #"r0in' &a*ita! assistan&, th 4an0 %ay *rs&ri4 th %ar'in %"ny r7uir%nt. Th
%ar'in %"ny sti*u!ati"n is %ad 4y th 4an0s in "rdr t" nsur that 4"rr"#in' &"%*any9s "#n
sta0 in th 4usinss and a!s" t" *r"vid th &ushi"n a'ainst th *"ssi4! rdu&ti"n in th va!u
"$ s&urity "$$rd t" th 4an0. Th *r&nta' "$ %ar'in %"ny sti*u!ati"n %ay d*nd u*"n
th &rdit standin' "$ th 4"rr"#in' &"%*any, $!u&tuati"ns in th *ri& "$ s&urity and th
2,PATIL Page 8=
dir&tivs "$ R2I $r"% ti% t" ti%. Th 'nra! *rin&i*! a**!i&a4! #i!! 4, /%"r di&y th
natur "$ s&urity, hi'hr "$ s&urity, hi'hr #i!! 4 th %ar'in %"ny sti*u!ati"ns.1
/orm of A#tan!e>
A$tr d&idin' th a%"unt "$ "vra!! assistan& t" 4 )tndd t" th &"%*any, th 4an0 &an
dis4urs th a%"unt in any "$ th $"!!"#in' $"r%s>
3. N"n?.und 2asd Lndin'
5. .und 2asd Lndin'.
Non /%n& (ae& -en&#ng>
In &as "$ N"n?.und 2asd Lndin', th !ndin' 4an0 d"s n"t &"%%it any *hysi&a! "ut$!"# "$
$unds. As su&h, th $unds *"siti"n "$ th !ndin' 4an0 r%ains inta&t. Th N"n?.und 2asd
Lndin' &an 4 %ad 4y th 4an0s in t#" $"r%s>
a. 2an0 Guarants
4. Lttr "$ Crdit
/%n& (ae& -en&#ng>
2,PATIL Page 8E
In &as "$ N"n?.und 2asd Lndin', th !ndin' 4an0 &"%%its th *hysi&a! "ut$!"# "$ $unds.
As su&h, th $unds *"siti"n "$ th !ndin' d"s n"t a$$&td. Th .und 2asd Lndin' &an 4
%ad 4y th 4an0s in $"!!"#in' $"r%s>
a. L"an
4. Ovrdra$t
&. Cash Crdit
d. 2i!!s Pur&hasdNDis&"untd
. @"r0in' Ca*ita! Tr% L"ans
$. Pa&0in' Crdit
Se!%r#t' for A#tan!e>
Th 4an0 %ay *r"vid th assistan& in any "$ th %"ds as statd a4"v. 2ut n"r%a!!y n"
assistan& #i!! 4 avai!a4! un!ss th &"%*any "$$rs s"% s&urity in any "$ th $"!!"#in'
$"r%s.
3D -y*"th&ati"n.
5D P!d'
6D Lin
8D M"rt'a'
2,PATIL Page 8<
.ro!e of .h'#!al In$entor' Ma#ntenan!e #n Ape8 A%to -t&
Ea&h unit "$ A*) aut" !td has its "#n st"r d*art%nt that # &an &a!! it as 0orIC#nC
pro!e #n$entor'.
This invnt"ry *r"&ss is $u!!y &"%*utriAd and hr *a*r #"r0 is vry !ss. On!y
%aintainin' "$ d"&u%nts, #hi&h #r snt 4y su**!irs as !i0 &ha!!ans t&., ar "n!y hr t"
%aintain as *a*r d"&u%nts. Othr#is it is $u!!y &"%*utriAd. Thr"u'h &"%*utrs "n!y ,t"r
D*art%nt r&ivs Pur&has Ordr and 4y &"%*utr "n!y thy snd d"&u%nts "$ issuin' "$
%atria!s t" %anu$a&turin' unit.

."r asy t" &"%%uni&at and *!annin' "$ *r"du&ti"n a&tivity, A*) Aut" Ltd Unit II has
havin' "n!y "n G"d"#n in Pr"&durs inv"!vd in r&ivin' and issuin' "$ %atria!s ar as
$"!!"#s>
3D G"d"#n #i!! $irst 't Pur&has Ordr N"..
.%r!hae Or&er N%mber*
2,PATIL Page 8G
This PO is &"%s $r"% Pur&has D*art%nt. This Pur&has D*art%nt 'ivs a nu%4r
$"r th a&h "rdr %ad 4y Pur&has D*art%nt "n!y.
2$"r *!a&in' any "rdr t" su**!irs thy $irst &h&0s th %atria!s in invnt"ry as t"
0n"# a4"ut #hthr %atria!s ar avai!a4! in Invnt"ry "r n"t. I$ n"t avai!a4! in Invnt"ry
thn "n!y thy #i!! *!a& an "rdr a&&"rdin' t" th r7uir%nt.
In A*) Aut" Ltd CUnit IID, it is vry i%*"rtant t" n"t that> *ur&has d*art%nt a!#ays
*!a&s an "rdr t" th"s %atria!s #hi&h hav "rdrd 4y Cust"%rsN4uyrs "$ A*) Aut" Ltd
CUnit IID.
,", n"r%a!!y it d"s n"t hav any st"&0s in its invnt"ry. ."r vry "rdr $r"% &ust"%rs
thy %a0 a $rsh Pur&has Ordr $"r *ur&hasin' "$ %atria!s. It %ans #hatvr th %atria!s
ar r7uirin' $"r *rsnt "rdrs, th"s %atria!s ar "n!y thy 0*t as st"&0s in Invnt"ry.
In s"% &ass, %atria!s %ay 4 in G"d"#n, #hi&h thy &a!! it as (%ffer Sto!I2 I$
ths "!d st"&0 is %at&hs th r7uir%nts "$ *r"du&t #hi&h has "rdrd n"# 4y its &ust"%rs,
thn *ur&has D*art%nt #i!! snt a n"ti& t" Invnt"ry $"r issuin' "$ th"s %atria!s. Ths
"!d st"&0 %ay 4 in $"r% "$ Ra# Matria! "r in $"r% "$ $inishd '""ds. A*) Aut" Ltd CUnit IID
a!#ays *r"du&s %"r than its r7uir%nts. ."r )a%*! i$ T!&"n has "rdrd $"r 5; EX? <;
4""% thn A*) *r"du&s 5= EX S <; i.., 5;K %"r than its r7uir%nts. ," th r%ainin' "r
)&sss %atria! thy &a!! it as (%ffer Sto!I2
5D R&ivin' "$ Matria!s
Any %atria!s &"%s?in "r '"s?"ut $r"% th G"d"#n it sh"u!d 4 ntr in th Gat that
is thy &a!! it as /Gate Entr'1, #hi&h is %aintaind 4y s&urity Guard. Guard is n"t an
%*!"y "$ an "r'aniAati"n. - is a &"nta&t?4asd %*!"y.
2,PATIL Page 8H
@hn Invnt"ry r&ivs %atria!s it $irst ins*&ts s"% sa%*!s, s" $"r it, thy &a!! u* as
/Spot Inpe!t#on.1 -r thy ins*&t th $"!!"#in' *"ints>
aD Is it "ur su**!ir "n!y and is this *ar&! is $"r us "n!yM
d. Ar ths r&ivd %atria!s a&&"rdin' t" th Pur&has OrdrM Li0
i. Luantity
ii. Dat, t&.,
. Is it havin' a!! r7uird Cha!!ans "r Inv"i&s and a!s" d"s it a**r"vd 4y auth"riAd
*rs"nM
$. Is it havin' a!! r7uird d"&u%nts !i0 O&tr"i t&.,
'. Is that Cha!!an &"nsistin' th &"rr&t in$"r%ati"n "$ %atria!sM
A$tr a**r"va! "$ %atria!s 4y sa%*! ins*&ti"n, invnt"ry d*art%nt *ut ths dtai!s
in %anua! 4""0, this d"&u%ntati"n is &a!!d as /,a' (ooI.1 This day4""0 is &"nsistin' "$
in$"r%ati"n !i0 Cha!!an N"., P.O. N"., ,ty! N"., Ds&ri*ti"n "$ Matria!s, ,u**!ir9s Na%,
trans*"rtr9s Na%, and Luantity.
A$tr &"%*!tin' "$ ths *r"&sss, %atria!s #i!! snd t" ins*&ti"n d*art%nt. In this
ins*&ti"n d*art%nt thy ins*&t in?dtai!s "$ %atria!s. A$tr a**r"va! 4y ins*&ti"n
d*art%nt, this invnt"ry d*art%nt %a0s "n d"&u%nt, #hi&h is thy &a!! it as /Goo&
Re!e#$e& ,o!%ment1.
This G""ds R&ivd D"&u%nt is &"nsistin' "$ GR N"., Dat, GRN Ty* CIn?st"rD,
M"d "$ Trans*"rt, Cha!!an N"., Cha!!an Dat, ,tatus, Gat Entry N"., Gat Entry Dat, Pri"rity
N"., a!! Dtai!s "$ Matria!s and r&ivd 7uantity and a&tua! 7uantity a!s" ntrs thr.
6. Issuin' "$ Matria!s
2,PATIL Page =;
Mr&handisin' D*art%nt #i!! snd "n &ard &a!!d /)ob Car&1 #hi&h it &"nsistin' "$
a!! dtai!s "$ %atria!s r7uirs t" *r"du& a *r"du&t. A&&"rdin' t" that Card Invnt"ry
d*art%nt sh"u!d snd th %atria!s t" %anu$a&turin' d*art%nt.
A$tr r&ivin' "$ %atria!s 4y %anu$a&turin' d*art%nt $r"% invnt"ry d*art%nt
thy issu "n d"&u%nt a4"ut r&ivd "$ %atria!s, 7uantity, ds&ri*ti"n "$ %atria!s t&.
Manu$a&turin' D*art%nt uss ths %atria!s $"r %anu$a&turin' *ur*"s. In %anu$a&turin'
*r"&ss s"%ti%s it %ay ha**ns !i0 s"% %atria!s 't da%a's and s"% ar n"t $u!!y
%at&hs #ith r7uir%nts. Thn th"s %atria!s #i!! 4 rturn t" invnt"ry.
A$tr uti!iAin' "$ a!! ths %atria!s 4y %anu$a&turin' d*art%nt thy #i!! snd "n
d"&u%nt &a!!d /Or&er Complet#on Report1 COCRD. This r*"rt &"nsists th in$"r%ati"n "$
Pr&nta' "$ Uti!iAd Matria!s $"r *arti&u!ar "rdr and *r&nta' "$ #asta' "$ %atria!s.
This r*"rt #i!! snd t" invnt"ry and a!s" t" Mr&handisin' D*art%nt.
8. Rturn 2a&0 Matria!s $r"% Manu$a&turin' Units>
Invnt"ry ta0s th"s %atria!s, #hi&h ar rturn 4a&0 $r"% %anu$a&turin' units 4&aus
"$ )&ss "r sur*!us "&&urs #hi! %anu$a&turin' "$ *r"du&ts. This )&ss "r sur*!us )ists
4&aus "$ *ur&has d*art%nt, thy a!#ays "rdrs 5;K %"r than its r7uir%nt t" %t th
r7uir%nt "$ n)t %"nth. ," ths %atria!s ar 0*t in Invnt"ry as na% it as /(%ffer
to!I.1
Ths 2u$$r ,t"&0s #i!! 4 uti!iA #hn &"%*any 't th sa% ty* "$ Ordr. Invnt"ry
issus ths %atria!s C2u$$r ,t"&0D "n!y #hn it r&ivs instru&ti"n $r"% Mr&handisin' and
*ur&hasin' D*art%nt.
=. R+&td Matria!s>
2,PATIL Page =3
Ins*&ti"n d*art%nt %a0 th r+&ti"n "$ %atria!s, #hn %atria!s ar n"t as *r
r7uir%nts and n"t as *r th "rdr. Ths r+&td %atria!s ar 0*t in s*arat s&ti"n 4y
Invnt"ry D*art%nt.
Invnt"ry d*art%nt in$"r% t" Pur&has D*art%nt and a!s" n"ti& t" ,u**!irs a4"ut
r+&ti"n "$ %atria!s. That is &a!!d /Re"e!t#on Car&.1 In this &ard it inv"!vs Na% "$
,u**!ir, Ds&ri*ti"n "$ Matria!s, Cha!!an N"., Cha!!an Dat, Gat Entry N". ( Dat, N". "$
Luantity r+&td, Ras"n $"r r+&ti"n t&.,
,"% ti%s su**!ir %ay issu n# %atria!s in *!a& "$ r+&td %atria!s. Or h %ay
'iv s"% &"%*nsati"n $"r #r"n' su**!y and that is a$tr *ayin' "$ $u!! *ay%nt "$ %atria!s.
Se!t#on #n In$entor'>
Invnt"ry is a'ain dividd int" = s&ti"ns. Ea&h is s&ti"n hand!in' 4y "n!y "n *rs"ns,
#ith th h!* "$ 6 t" 8 assistants, #h" h!*s in %aintainin' "$ %atria!s at s*&i$i& ara. .iv
s&ti"ns ar as $"!!"#s>
Se!t#on #n In$entor'
,?E>
A!! 4"u'ht "ut it%s ar 4n st"rd hr and *r"&ssd t" th %anu$a&turin' as #hn r7uird
,?E?
A!! &"nsu%a4!s and t""!s and %aintnan& a&&ss"ris ar 4n st"rd in this s&ti"n
,?E1
A!! ra# %atria!s !i0 dir&t, s%i $inishd '""ds ar st"rd in this s&ti"n and *r"&ssd t" th
%anu$a&turin' as #hn r7uird and "!d st"&0 and r+&td it%s ar a!s" st"rd in this s&ti"n.
,?E3
Gas tan0 and &y!indrs is st"rd in this s&ti"n.
,?E4
2,PATIL Page =5
A!! $inishd '""ds ar st"rd in this s&ti"n
.%r!ha#ng .ro!e&%re of Mater#al
In A*) thy *ur&has %atria!s at $r"% a %u!ti*! ,u**!irs. Thr is a ras"n $"r
*ur&has %atria!s $r"% %u!ti*! su**!irs. Th ras"n is i$ "n su**!ir d!ays t" $u!$i!! th
su**!y thn thr %ust 4 a!trnativ su**!ir $"r it t" $u!$i!! th r7uir%nt. ," thr %ust %
n" st"&0 "uts in th *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss
A*) a!#ays *ur&hass at 4u!0 4ut 4y s&hdu! #is. In "thr #"rds thy *ur&has
%atria!s at a ti% $"r s*&i$i& "rdr. Thy %a0 th a'r%nt "$ su**!yin' %atria!s "n!y at
"n&. And thy n'"tiat th *ri& "n!y at "n& that is 4$"r su**!yin' "$ %atria!s and "n&
thir a'r%nt is "vr thn thy *r"vid s&hdu! t" su**!ir t" su**!y th %atria!s at a
s*&i$i& ti% and at a s*&i$id 7uantity.
," it rdu&s th s*a&s, #hi&h "&&u*is in th G"d"#n. ," this %th"d is suita4! $"r
this ty* "$ industry 4&aus "$ sa% "rdrs $r"% &ust"%rs.
2,PATIL Page =6
0I. Store
N"# # &"% t" th @IP ,t"r. As # hav a!rady sn that this A*) is havin' "n!y
"n G"d"#n and vry unit is havin' its "#n ,t"r D*art%nts. As # 0n"# that @"r0 In
Pr"&ss ,t"r %ans ,%i?$inishd G""ds, hr '""ds ar n"t &"%*!td yt and n"t ths ar in
$u!!y ra# %atria!s $"r%.
," in va!uati"n %attr it is havin' s!i'ht!y di$$rnt #ay. And in A*) it is as $"!!"#s>
Ys, ths '""ds ar in&!uds s"% !a4"ur &"st, s"% "thr &"sts. ," in va!uati"n "$ @IP thy
va!uat at Ra# Matria! Pri& "$ that '""ds PLU, in&urrd &"st t" *r"du& ti!! n"#.
/#n#he& Goo&
Va!uati"n "$ .inishd G""ds in A*) is at 3;K !ss than ,!!in' Pri& "$ th"s $inishd
'""ds. .inishd G""ds ar in th sns ths '""ds sh"u!d 4 rady t" dis*at&h.
Thr is n" s*arat G"d"#n $"r .inishd G""dsNPr"du&ts. Evry unit is havin' it9s "#n
.inishd G""ds G"d"#n. In that G"d"#n "n!y thy st"r ths G""ds. And dis*at&hin' "$
ths *r"du&ts is dir&t!y 4y a&h unit. Thy d" n"t &"ns"!idat ths '""ds: thy dis*at&h ths
$inishd *r"du&ts dir&t!y 4y a&h unit.
A*) aut" !td CUnit IID has "n!y "n &ust"%r that is T!&"n. ," thy dir&t!y su**!y
$inishd *r"du&ts t" its &ust"%rs. ," it is n"t n&ssary t" hav an"thr G"d"#n $"r .inishd
G""ds.
2,PATIL Page =8
-og#t#! In$entor' Management
Thr is a d*art%nt &a!!d L"'isti& D*art%nt in A*) Aut" Ltd, #hi&h is &"n&rnin'
a4"ut s!!in' "$ '""ds and %aintainin' "$ a!! d"&u%nts r!atd t" )*"rtin' "$ *r"du&ts and a!s"
ta0in' th *r%issi"n $r"% 4an0s t" s!! s*&i$i& *r"du&ts in s*&i$i& &"untris. ," L"'isti&
D*art%nt is "n "$ th i%*"rtant $r"nt?"$$i& D*art%nts, !i0 Mar0tin' D*art%nt.
Mar0tin' D*art%nt is "n, #hi&h ta0s th "rdrs $r"% its &ust"%rs. And this is
ntir!y di$$rnt $r"% L"'isti& D*art%nt. L"'isti& D*art%nt is "n, #hi&h s!!s its *r"du&ts
and %aintains a!! d"&u%nts. 2ut Mar0tin' D*art%nt is &"%s int" *i&tur 4$"r *r"du&ti"n
*r"&ss starts. And L"'isti& D*art%nt &"%s int" *i&tur "n!y a$tr th *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss
&"%*!ts.
L"'isti& D*art%nt is n"t "n!y ta0in' th a**r"va! $"r s!!in' its *r"du&ts, 4ut a!s" it
#i!! &"n&rn $"r ta0in' !"an $"r its #"r0in' &a*ita!. 2an0s #i!! *r"vid ths #"r0in' &a*ita!
2,PATIL Page ==
r7uir%nts in t#" snss> "n is "n Pr?,hi*%nt L"an and an"thr "n is P"st?,hi*%nt
L"an.
Thr ar s" %any #ays t" 't !"an $"r #"r0in' &a*ita! r7uir%nt. A*) 't !"an $"r
@"r0in' Ca*ita! r7uir%nt ithr thr"u'h C"%%r&ia! Pa*rs "r thr"u'h Lttr "$ Crdit.
A*) is ta0in' !"an $"r @"r0in' Ca*ita! R7uir%nts $r"% A)is 2an0.
0ho !an #%e the C.>
A &"%*any #i!! 4 !i'i4! t" issu th CP *r"vidd>
3. th tan'i4! nt #"rth "$ th &"%*any as *r !atst auditd 4a!an& sht is n"t !ss than
Rs. 8 Cr"rs.
Note:
Tan'i4! nt #"rth %ans shar &a*ita! *!us $r rsrvs du!y rdu&d 4y intan'i4!
assts !i0 a&&u%u!atd !"sss, d$rrd rvnu )*nditur t&. .r Rsrvs in&!ud shar
*r%iu% and d4ntur rd%*ti"n rsrv 4ut d" n"t in&!ud rva!uati"n rsrv.
5. C"%*any has 4n san&ti"nd #"r0in' &a*ita! !i%its 4y 4an0s.
6. 2"rr"#d a%"unt "$ &"%*any is &!assi$id as a standard asst 4y th 4an0.
C"%%r&ia! Pa*r is an uns&urd *r"%iss"ry n"t issud at a dis&"unt. Th rat "$
dis&"unt is r7uird t" 4 d&idd 4y th issur and is n"t r'u!atd.
2$"r th &"%*any issus th CPs it is r7uird t" "4tain satis$a&t"ry &rdit ratin' $r"%
an a**r"vd &rdit ratin' a'n&y. Prsnt!y, $"!!"#in' &rdit ratin' a'n&is hav 4n
a**r"vin' 4y R2I $"r this *ur*"s.
a. Crdit Ratin' In$"r%ati"n ,rvi&s "$ India Ltd., CCRI,ILD
2,PATIL Page =E
4. Invst%nt In$"r%ati"n and Crdit Ratin' A'n&y "$ India Ltd., CICRAD
&. Crdit Ana!ysis and Rsar&h Ltd., CCARED
d. .ITC- Ratin' India CPD Ltd.,
Th %ini%u% &rdit ratin' r7uird is P?5 "$ CRI,IL. I$ th ratin' is 'ivn 4y any "thr
a'n&y, 7uiva!nt %ini%u% ratin' #i!! 4 r7uird. Th ratin' s" "4taind 4y th &"%*any
sh"u!d 4 &urrnt and sh"u!d n"t hav $a!!n du $"r rvi#.
0ho !an #n$et #n C.>
."!!"#in' *rs"ns &an invst in th CP
8. Individua!s
=. 2an0s
E. C"r*"rat 2"dis in&"r*"ratd in India
<. Unin&"r*"ratd 2"dis
G. N"n?rsidnt Indians
H. ."ri'n Instituti"na! Invst"rs
Nat%re of a C.>
h. A CP &an 4 issud $"r th %aturity *ri"d "$ < days t" "n yar.
i. A CP has th dn"%inati"n "$ Rs. = La0shs and vry sin'! invst"r sh"u!d invst
%ini%u% Rs. = La0hs in CP.
+. Evry issu "$ CP, in&!udin' th rn#a!, #i!! 4 &"nsidrd t" 4 th $rsh issu.
0. Th a%"unt "$ CP sha!! 4 #ithin th "vra!! !i%it san&ti"nd 4y th 2"ard "$ Dir&t"rs. It
&an 4 issud a /stand a!"n1 *r"du&t. 2an0s #i!! 4 $r t" ad+ust th #"r0in' &a*ita!
!i%its a$tr &"nsidrin' th CPs issud 4y th C"%*any.
2,PATIL Page =<
It #i!! n"t 4 "ut "$ *!a& t" %nti"n hr that CP is n"t tratd as d*"sit as *r th *r"visi"ns
"$ Se!t#on 4BCA of the Compan#e A!t; >D45.
.ro!e&%re for #%#ng the C.>
Evry &"%*any issuin' th CP sh"u!d a**"int a s&hdu!d 4an0 as th Issuin' and
Payin' A'nt CIPAD. It #i!! satis$y it?s!$ that &"%*any has "4taind satis$a&t"ry &rdit ratin'. It
sha!! a!s" vri$y th d"&u%nts su4%ittd 4y th issuin' &"%*any and issu a &rti$i&at that th
d"&u%nts ar in "rdr. IPA sh"u!d a!s" &rti$y that it has va!id a'r%nts #ith th issuin'
&"%*any.
Th issuin' &"%*any sha!! arran' t" *!a& th CPs "n *rivat *!a&%nt 4asis #ith th
invnt"rs. Th issuin' &"%*any sha!! dis&!"s t" th *"tntia! invst"r its $inan&ia! *"siti"n.
A$tr th da! is &"n$ir%d, th issuin' &"%*any sha!! issu *hysi&a! &rti$i&ats t" th invst"r.
Invst"rs sha!! 4 'ivn a &"*y "$ IPA &rti$i&at t" th $$&t that th issuin' &"%*any has a
va!id a'r%nt #ith th IPA and d"&u%nts ar in "rdr. Evry issu "$ CP sh"u!d 4 r*"rtd
t" R2I thr"u'h th IPA #ithin thr days $r"% th dat "$ &"%*!ti"n "$ issu.
A*) Aut" Ltd CUnit IID has stu* in T!&"n Pr%iss s" as # 0n"# ar!ir that A*)
Unit II is havin' "n!y "n &ust"%r that is T!&"n s" $"r sh"rt distan& thr is n" nd "$
!"'isti& d*art%nt in A*) Unit II it is hand!d 4y Pur&has d*art%nt in&har' is Par%"d
,in'h.
2,PATIL Page =G
/#nan!#al In$entor' Management
A!rady # sa# a4"ut L"'isti& Invnt"ry Mana'%nt. Lt us s h"# A*) va!uats
th "!d and r+&td st"&0s in $inan&ia! tr%s and a!s" hav a !""0 "n th invnt"ry rati"s.
Val%at#on metho& for Ol& an& Re"e!te& Sto!I>
Ol& Sto!I>
This "!d st"&0 %ans )&ss "$ %atria!s $r"% s*&i$i& "rdr. As a!rady vi#d in
Physi&a! Invnt"ry Pr"&ss that, a!#ays *ur&has d*art%nt *ur&hass 5;K %"r than its
"rdr. ," that r%aind "r )&ss %atria!s ar said t" 4 /2u$$r ,t"&01
Ths O!d st"&0 ar in th $"r% "$ Ra# Matria!s thn va!uat it a&&"rdin' t" *ur&hasin'
"$ th"s %atria!s. I$ ths "!d st"&0 ar a$tr .inishin' "$ *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss. Thn ths ar
va!uatin' "n s!!in' *ri& "$ sa% *r"du&ts t" th &ust"%r.
2,PATIL Page =H
In asy #"rds it &an 4 said that i$ %atria!s ar Ra#, thn ta0in' as Pur&hasin' va!u $"r
va!uati"n *ur*"s. I$ %atria!s ar .inishd G""ds thn ta0in' ,!!in' Pri& as a va!u $"r
va!uati"n "$ O!d ,t"&0 in G"d"#n.
Re"e!te& Sto!I>
A'ain ths ar divids int" thr *arts. R+&ti"n "$ Ra# Matria!s i.., 4$"r sndin'
t" Pr"du&ti"n Pr"&ss. R+&ti"n "$ Matria!s durin' th Pr"du&ti"n Pr"&ss and R+&ti"n "$
Matria!s a$tr th Pr"du&ti"n Pr"&ss that is, R+&ti"n "$ .inishd G""ds.
R+&ti"n "$ Ra# Matria!s is va!uatin' "n Pur&has va!u "$ th"s %atria!s. R+&ti"n
"$ @IP Matria!s thn va!uat as Pur&has Va!u .l% its *art!y in&urrd C"sts !i0 La4"ur,
Ovrhad C"sts t&., And $"r R+&ti"n "$ .inishd G""ds va!uat at Pur&has Va!u and .u!!y
in&urrd C"sts as said n"#.
+ol&#ng or Or&er#ng Cot
Ths &"sts ar vry i%*"rtant in %anu$a&turin' &"%*anis t" %ini%iA th &"st. This
is n"t a**!i&a4! t" A*) 4y virtu "$ its 2usinss a&tivitis. 2&aus, !t us hav a 4r"ad vi#
"n stat%nt 4y $"!!"#in' *"ints>
In A*), thy *ur&has th %atria!s "n!y $r"% %u!ti*! su**!ir.
2&aus t" $u!$i!! th r7uir%nts in r7uird ti% !i%it.
A*) "rdrs th %atria!s t" su**!irs "n!y at "n& and a&&"rdin' t" th s&hdu! su**!ir
#i!! su**!y th %atria!s.
Ys, D*ndin' "n ,h"rtr "rdr &y&! A*) &an h"!d ntir st"&0 #!! 4$"r "rdr starts
and a!s" A*) &an hav a $u!! st"&0 at a ti% 4$"r startin' *r"&ss "$ *r"du&t "$ that s*&i$i&
"rdr.

EOA
2,PATIL Page E;
EOL a**!i&a4i!ity du t" th natur "$ 2usinss as a4"v said is n"t *"ssi4!.
Reor&er .o#nt>
This is th *"int is a!s" n"t havin' %u&h i%*"rtan& 4&aus "$ natur "$ 2usinss.
-ea& T#me
A*) *ur&hass %atria!s $r"% %u!ti*! su**!ir and 4y "n s&hdu! 4asis t" su**!y
%atria!s. ," this is a!s" n"t a**!i&a4! in this ty* "$ 4usinss.
2,PATIL Page E3
/#nan!#al Rat#o relate& to In$entor'2
RaG mater#al t%rno$er rat#o>
Ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is v!"&ity at #hi&h ra# %atria! &"nvrtd int" '""ds rady
$"r sa!. I$ ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is hi'h thn &"%*any is $$i&in&y &"nvrtin' int" $inishd
'""ds.
."r%u!a> Matria! &"nsu%d K Avra' ra# %atria!

2,PATIL Page E5
Raw Material Turnover Ratio
Year Raw material consumed (Rs) Avg R.M Ratio
200
8 576!8!"22 5#608082 $0.75
200
7 #7$22#87# #6$#7266 $0.27
200
6 2#077"2#6 $#2002!"0 $.7!
."r% a4"v 'ra*h # &"% 0n"# that ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is in&rasd ra*id!y in 5;;<
$r"% 3.<8 in 5;;E t" 3;.5< $"r 5;;<. Indi&ats that &"%*any is &"nvrtin' ra# %atria! int"
$inishd "r s%i $inishd '""ds vry 7ui&0!y
+ol&#ng per#o& of raG mater#al*
It r$rs t" th nu%4r "$ days ta0n $"r th *r"du&ti"n unit t" &"nvrt ra#
%atria! t" $inish '""ds.
."r%u!a> 6E; NRa# %atria! turn"vr rati"
2,PATIL Page E6
Ratio
0
2
!
6
8
$0
$2
2008 2007 2006
Years
Ratio
-"!din' *ri"d "$ ra# %atria!
Yar T"ta! Days Rati" Days
5;;G 6E; 3;.<= 66
5;;< 6E; 3;.5< 6=
5;;E 6E; 3.<8 5;E

As th ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is in&rasin' $"r% t" 3;.5< $"r 5;;< it indi&ats that $ir% is
ta0in' !ss days $"r &"nvrsi"n as &"%*ard t" 5;;E. In 5;;E &"nvrsi"n *ri"d #as 5;E days
4ut in d&rasd t" 6= days $"r 5;;<. This is sh"#n in a4"v 'ra*h.
2$"r 5;;< thr #as n" *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss thy #r &"nvrtin' s%i $inishd '""ds
int" $inishd *r"du&ts hn& t" start thir "#n *r"du&ti"n *r"&ss thy h"!d th ra# %atria! in
5;;E
0orI #n .ro!e T%rno$er rat#o*
@"r0 in *r"&ss turn"vr rati" is v!"&ity at #hi&h @.I.P &"nvrtd int" '""ds rady $"r
sa!. I$ @.I.P turn"vr rati" is hi'h thn &"%*any is $$i&in&y &"nvrtin' int" $inishd '""ds.
."r%u!a>
C"st "$ *r"du&ti"n
Avra' @.I.P
@.I.P turn"vr rati"
Yar C"st "$ *r"du&ti"n Av' @.I.P Rati"
5;;G G8H,;=8,885 6E,<5;,<;5 56.35
2,PATIL Page E8
Raw material holding Period
0
50
$00
$50
200
250
2008 2007 2006
Years
DAYS
R%&
5;;< ===,;H8,=;; 3=,;3;,68< 6E.HG
5;;E 6E3,33;,3H< H,<==,G6H 6<.;3

."r% a4"v 'ra*h # &a% t" 0n"# that @"r0 in *r"&ss turn"vr rati" is d&rasin' $r"%
6<.;3 in 5;;E t" 56.35 5;;G. Th rati" #as hi'h in 5;;E as &"%*ard t" 5;;< and 5;;G. Th
rati" #as 6<.;3. Indi&ats that &"%*any is &"nvrtin' s%i $inishd int" $inishd '""ds 7ui&0!y
+ol&#ng per#o& of 02I2.*
It r$rs t" th nu%4r "$ days ta0n $"r th *r"du&ti"n unit t" &"nvrt s%i $inishd
'""ds int" $inish '""ds.
."r%u!a>
6E;
@.I.P turn"vr rati"
2,PATIL Page E=
Work in Process Turnover ratio
0
5
$0
$5
20
25
#0
#5
!0
2008 2007 2006
Years
DAYS
Ratio

As th #"r0 in *r"&ss turn"vr rati" is in&rasin' $"r% H.<5. in 5;;E T" 3=.=< $"r 5;;G it
indi&ats that $ir% is ta0in' !ss days $"r &"nvrsi"n. @hi&h sh"#n in a4"v 'ra*h
/#n#he& goo& t%rno$er rat#o*
2,PATIL Page EE
-"!din' *ri"d "$ @.I.P
Yar T"ta! Days Rati" Days
5;;G 6E; 56.35 3=.=<
5;;< 6E; 6E.HG H.<6
5;;E 6E; 6<.;3 H.<5
Holding period of W I P
0
2
!
6
8
$0
$2
$!
$6
$8
2008 2007 2006
Years
DAYS
Ratio
.inishd '""ds turn"vr rati" is v!"&ity at #hi&h $inishd '""ds &"nvrtd int" $"r sa!.
I$ $inishd '""ds turn"vr rati" is hi'h thn &"%*any is $$i&int.
."r%u!a>
C"st "$ '""ds s"!d
Avra' $inishd '""ds

2,PATIL Page E<
.inishd '""ds turn"vr rati"
Yar &"st "$ '""ds s"!d Av' ..G Rati"
5;;G G8H,;=8,885 5E,586,66H 65.6=
5;;< ===,;H8,=;; 3H,G=G,8G5 5<.H=
5;;E 6E3,33;,3H< 3;,H8;,;;G 66.;3
inished !oods Turnover Ratio
25
26
27
28
2"
#0
#$
#2
##
#!
2008 2007 2006
Years
DAYS
Ratio
."r% a4"v 'ra*h # &a% 0n"# that $inishd '""ds turn"vr rati" is d&rasin' $r"% 66.;3 in
5;;E t" 5<.H= $"r 5;;<. Indi&ats that &"%*any is s!!in' '""ds !itt! s!"#!y as &"%*ard t"
5;;E 4ut it is 4it $ast as &"%*ard t" 5;;G. @hr th rati" $"r that *arti&u!ar *ri"d #as 65.6=
d&rasd t" 33.5; $"r 5;;G it is satis$a&t"ry. @hi&h sh"#n in a4"v 'ra*h.
In$entor' to !ap#tal emplo'e&*
This rati" indi&ats th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n th t"ta! &a*ita!s %*!"yd and invnt"ris it
sh"#s h"# %u&h &a*ita! uti!iAd t" invst in th invnt"ris "thr than th "thr assts. Th
n"r%a! %anu$a&turin' $ir%s hav !"# rati" "$ invnt"ry t"ta! &a*ita! %*!"yd in th
"r'aniAati"n.
."r%u!a> Invnt"ry K T"ta! &a*ita! %*!"yd

2,PATIL Page EG
Invnt"ry t" &a*ita! %*!"yd
Yar Invnt"ry
T"ta! &a*ita!
%*!"yd Pr&nta'
5;;G 3H<,8E=,;EH 6;3,886,53= E=.=;
5;;< 353,==G,;;; 38=,8H5,=HH G6.=8
5;;E E<,HH8,E56 HG,666,658 EH.38

2y "4srvin' a4"v 'ra*h # &an say that th $ir% invstin' hu' a%"unt in invnt"ris
&"%*ard t" "thr assts. It invstd G6.=8K "$ its &a*ita! in invnt"ry in 5;;< #hr as it
rdu&d t" E=.=;K in 5;;G
In$entor' to !%rrent aet rat#o*
This rati" indi&ats th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n th invnt"ry and &urrnt assts. It sh"#s th
*r&nta' "$ invnt"ry t" &urrnt assts, #hi&h h!*s th "r'aniAati"ns in d&idin' th &urrnt
assts *"!i&y #hi&h a!s" a$$&t th !i7uidity *"siti"n "$ th "r'aniAati"n.
."r%u!a> Invnt"ry / Currnt assts
Invnt"ry t" &urrnt asst rati"
Yar Invnt"ry &urrnt assts Pr&nta'
5;;G 3H<,8E=,;EH 663,638,=;8 =H.E;
5;;< 353,==G,;;; 56<,EG<,EG8 =3.38
5;;E E<,HH8,E56 33<,;55,E5= =G.3;
2,PATIL Page EH
Inventor" to capital emplo"ed
0
$0
20
#0
!0
50
60
70
80
"0
2008 2007 2006
Years
P#R$#%TA!#
'()

Th invnt"ry t" &urrnt assts rati" in th yar 5;;E #as =G.3;K and it d&rasd t" =3.38K in
th yar 5;;< 4ut a'ain it in&rasd t" =H.E;K in 5;;G. It sh"#s that th $ir% invstin' =H.E;K
"$ its invst%nt is $"r invnt"ry "n!y.
In$entor' to total aet*
This rati" indi&ats th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n th invnt"ry and t"ta! assts. Th
si'ni$i&an& "$ this rati" is it r$!&ts th *"rti"n th invnt"ry as a *r&nta' "$ th t"ta! assts,
#hi&h h!*s th %ana'%nt d&idin' th uti!iAati"n r%ainin' rs"ur&s *r"$ita4!y, sin& th
invnt"ry #i!! !"&0 u* th hu' $unds and rdu&s th *r"$ita4i!ity "$ th "r'aniAati"n
."r%u!a> Invnt"ry N T"ta! assts
Invnt"ry t" t"ta! assts
Yar Invnt"ry T"ta! assts Pr&nta'
5;;G 3H<,8E=,;EH HH;,65H,;G< 3H.H6
5;;< 353,==G,;;; =8;,H3E,;GG 55.8<
5;;E E<,HH8,E56 838,H;3,568 3E.6G
2,PATIL Page <;
Inventor" to current asset ratio
!6
!8
50
52
5!
56
58
60
62
2008 2007 2006
Years
P#R$#%TA!#
Ratio

Durin' th yar 5;;E th rat "$ invnt"ry t" t"ta! assts #as 3E.6GK it in&rasd t" 55.8<K in
5;;<. 2ut a'ain it rdu&d t" 3H.H6K in 5;;G. It indi&ats that $ir% invstin' "n!y 3H.H6K in
invnt"ry "ut "$ t"ta! assts.
In$entor' to GorI#ng !ap#tal*
This rati" indi&ats th r!ati"nshi* 4t#n invnt"ry t" #"r0in' &a*ita! and it
a!s" indi&ats th a%"unt t" invnt"ry tid u* in th #"r0in' &a*ita! and it a!s" sh"#s th
$$i&in&y "$ invnt"ry %ana'%nt.
."r%u!a> Invnt"ry
@"r0in' &a*ita!
2,PATIL Page <3
Inventor" to total assets
0
5
$0
$5
20
25
2008 2007 2006
Years
P#R$#%TA!#
Ratio
Invnt"ry t" #"r0in' &a*ita!
Yar Invnt"ry @"r0in' &a*ita! Pr&nta'
5;;G 3H<,8E=,;EH 3HH,68=,356 HH.;=
5;;< 353,==G,;;; 38E,;H<,53; G6.5;
5;;E E<,HH8,E56 8E,66G,5<< 38E.8=

In th yar th rati" #as 38E.8=K in 5;;E. It d&rasd t" G6.5;K $"r 5;;< 4ut it in&rasd it t"
HH.;=K in 5;;G. It indi&ats that $ir% invstin' hu' a%"unt in invnt"ry
/IN,INGS*
3. Ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is in&rasd ra*id!y in 5;;< $r"% 3.<8 in 5;;E t" 3;.5< $"r
5;;<.
?2 As th ra# %atria! turn"vr rati" is in&rasin' $"r% t" 3;.5< $"r 5;;< it indi&ats that
$ir% is ta0in' !ss days $"r &"nvrsi"n as &"%*ard t" 5;;E.
2,PATIL Page <5
Inventor" to working capital
0
20
!0
60
80
$00
$20
$!0
$60
2008 2007 2006
Years
P#R$#%TA!#
Ratio
6.@"r0 in *r"&ss turn"vr rati" is d&rasin' $r"% 6<.;3 in 5;;E t" 56.35 5;;G. Th rati"
#as hi'h in 5;;E as &"%*ard t" 5;;< and 5;;G.
8.As th #"r0 in *r"&ss turn"vr rati" is in&rasin' $"r% H.<5. in 5;;E T" 3=.=< $"r 5;;G
it indi&ats that $ir% is ta0in' !ss days $"r &"nvrsi"n
=..inishd '""ds turn"vr rati" is d&rasin' $r"% 66.;3 in 5;;E t" 5<.H= $"r 5;;<.
Indi&ats that &"%*any is s!!in' '""ds !itt! s!"#!y as &"%*ard t" 5;;E
4ut it is 4it $ast as &"%*ard t" 5;;G.
E.C"%*any is s!!in' '""ds !itt! s!"#!y as &"%*ard t" 5;;E 4ut it is 4it $ast as &"%*ard
t" 5;;G. @hr th rati" $"r that *arti&u!ar *ri"d #as 65.6=
<.Th invnt"ry t" &urrnt assts rati" in th yar 5;;< #as =G.3;K and it d&rasd t"
=3.38K in th yar 5;;G 4ut a'ain it in&rasd t" =H.E;K in 5;;G. It sh"#s that th $ir%
invstin' =H.E;K "$ its invst%nt is $"r invnt"ry "n!y.
G.Durin' th yar 5;;< th rat "$ invnt"ry t" t"ta! assts #as 3E.6GK it i&rasd t"
55.8<K in 5;;G. 2ut a'ain it rdu&d t" 3H.H6K in 5;;H. It indi&ats that $ir% invstin'
"n!y 3H.H6K in invnt"ry "ut "$ t"ta! assts.
H.In th yar th rati" #as 38E.8=K in 5;;E. It d&rasd t" G6.5;K $"r 5;;< 4ut it
in&rasd it t" HH.;=K in 5;;G. It indi&ats that $ir% invstin' hu' a%"unt in invnt"ry.
3;.As th $inishd '""ds turn"vr rati" is in&rasin' $"r% 3;.G< in 5;;< t" 35.GE $"r 5;;G
it indi&ats that $ir% is ta0in' !ss days $"r sa!. In 5;;G &"nvrsi"n *ri"d #as 35.GE days
4ut in d&rasd t" 33.5; $"r 5;;G it is satis$a&t"ry.
2,PATIL Page <6
SUGGESTIONS*
a< .r"% th $indin's it is &a% t" 0n"# that in th yar 5;;E th nu%4r "$ days $"r
h"!din' Ra# %atria! is %"r, it is n"t '""d $"r th &"%*any 4&aus it ats
unn&ssary invst%nt. T" av"id this *r"4!% th $"!!"#in' *"ints #i!! h!*.
Pur&has Ra# Matria!s at th ti% #hn th st"&0 ra&hs th %ini%u% !v!.
Th *ur&hass sh"u!d n"t &r"ss th Ma)i%u% !i%it "thr#is th st"&0 0*t in
st"rs id!.
Luantity sh"u!d 4 "rdrd as *r th d%and. @ &an assu% th d%and $"r th
'""ds $r"% *ast )*rin&.
2,PATIL Page <8
@ &an hav %"r Ra# %atria!s #hi&h ar i%*"rtd $r"% "thr &"untris 4ut &arry
ras"na4! st"&0s #hi&h ar avai!a4! !"&a!!y.
b< I$ # *ur&has !ss 7uantity "$ %atria!s at a ti% it #i!! rdu& th &arryin' &"st
4ut in&rass th "rdrin' &"st and vis vrsa. Thr$"r "*ti%u% "rdrin' 7uantity
is n&ssary, #hi&h %ini%iAs th &"st.
!< Th &"%*any sh"u!d %aintain a sa$ty !v! and a!s" r"rdrin' *"int s" that thy
&"% t" 0n"# at #hat ti% thy sh"u!d "rdr $"r th su**!y "$ %atria! and nd
n"t t" su$$r $r"% sh"rt $a!! "$ r7uird %atria!.
CONC-USION
A$tr th study, # &an &a% t" a &"n&!usi"n that, $$&tivnss "$ invnt"ry %ana'%nt sh"u!d
i%*r"v in a!! th as*&ts, hn& th industry &an sti!! strn'thn its *"siti"n 4y !""0in' int" th
$"!!"#in'.
Th invnt"ry sh"u!d 4 $ast %"vin' s" that #arh"us &"st &an 4 rdu&d.
Th $inishd '""ds hav t" 4 dis*at&hd in $asi4! ti% as s""n as %anu$a&turin'
is &"%*!td.
2,PATIL Page <=
O*ti%u% "rdr 7uantity sh"u!d 4 %aintaind, hn& &"st &an 4 %ini%iAd.
Pr"*r invnt"ry &"ntr"! t&hni7us ar %*!"yd 4y th invnt"ry &"ntr"!
"r'aniAati"n #ithin th $ra%#"r0 "$ "n "$ th 4asi& %"d!s !i0 A2C, -ML and
VED t&.
(I(IIOGRA.+Y
(OO@S
.inan&ia! Mana'%nt > I.M.Panday
Pr"du&ti"n Mana'%nt > J. Ash#ata**a
2,PATIL Page <E
0E(SITES
###.a*)aut"!td.&"%
###.'""'!.&"%
2,PATIL Page <<

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