7

Figura 1.47






Figura 1.48








Figura 1.49

Figura 1.50



Figura 1.51




Figura 1.52




Figura 1.53.a Figura 1.53.b




Figura 1.54.b Figura 1.55

Figura 1.54.a







Figura 1.57 Figura 1.56

=
+

tift af f tc
2
s f
) butuc tift ( sa m 2 s tc s m 2 s
) arbore tift ( sa max 1 s tc s max 1 s
; M d d
4
M
2
d D
d
2
d D
M d
3
2
d
2
d
2
1

Recomandri constructive: 3 , 0 ... 2 , 0
d
d
s
= ; 2
d
D
= (oel/oel); 5 , 2
d
D
= (font/oel).
(1.39)

=
=
af f tc s f
min as s tc
s
s
M
2
d
l d
M
2
d
l
2
d
, recomandri: . 5 , 1 1
d
1
; 16 , 0 13 , 0
d
d
s
K K = = (1.40)
l

M
t
D

d

d
s

a)

b)

S
a
b
F F
b
d
b
2
F
2
F
M
i max

s 1

s 2

s 2
Butuc
Moment de torsiune aciune
Arbore
Moment de torsiune reaciune
Frez deget
h

b

l
h

b

l
Frez
disc
M
t

s1 max

s2 max
a)
b)

m
=
s2 m

f
d
s
d

D

F
F
8

= =

+
=
=
ai
3
b
max i
i max i
min a 1 s 1 s 1 s
min a 2 s 2 s 2 s
32
d
M
; M
2
b
4
a
2
F
F a d
F b d 2
(1.41)
af f tc f
sa s tc s
tc s
M
2
d
l b
M
2
d
l
2
h
M
4
h
2
d
l
2
h
=

=

(1.42)









Figura 1.58
Figura 1.59
-





Figura 1.60 Figura 1.61








Figura 1.62 1.63.a 1.63.b 1.63.c 1.63.d 1.62.e











Figura 1.64 1.65.a 1.65.b 1.65.c
2
d D
r
m
+
=
s
S
L
c 2
2
d D
z 75 , 0 s
r
M
S
nec
nec
as m
tc
nec

=

=

(1.43)
sa max s tc max s
M a
3
2
l
2
a
2
1
2 =

(1.44)
L F k k M
M d N
2 1 tc
tc
=

(1.45)
s
tc
F
d
M
N =

= (1.46)
M
t
= 0 M
t
> 0 M
t
> 0 M
t
> 0 M
t
> 0

s max
M
t

s max
M
t

s max
F
N
N
N
N
d
L
2
F
s

2
F
s
p
m
p
max
=
n
max
cos . p p
p
c
c

c

d
D
M

s1

s2
d
M
t

f
t
1

t
2
h

l
9
as s
d b
N

=
(1.47)
Pentru cazul din figura 1.65 c): dac n = 1:
c max
p
4
p

= ;dac n = 2:
c max
p
2
3
p = .









Figura 1.67













Figura 1.66 Figura 1.68 Figura 1.67
0
2
d
N
2
d
N
2
d
a F
s
=

+ (1.48)
tc
M d N (condiia de ne-patinare).
( )
2
d
a
1
2
d
N
F ;
d
M
N
s
tc
+
+
=

=


(1.49)
( )
( ) d a 2
1 M
F
tc
s
+
+
= Cu F
s
se dimensioneaz uruburile. (1.50)
as s
b d
N

= (1.51)
l d
F
p
a
min s min

= = (1.52)
l d
M 2
p
2
t
min s min


= =
(1.53)
l d
N
p ;
R
N ; F F R
min
2
t
2
a

=

= + = (1.54)
l d
d
M 2
F
p
2
t 2
a
min s min

+
= =
(1.55)
b a min
d d b d S = + = (1.56)
b
2
1
2
2
1
2
b
b
b
min s
a
2
1
2
2
1
2
a
a
a
min s
d d
d d
K ; d
E
K
b
d d
d d
K ; d
E
K
a

+
= =

+
= =
(1.57)
d
E
K
E
K
S
b
b
a
a
min s min

+ = (1.58)
t r min tot min
S S S S + + = (1.59)
( )
b max a max r
R R 2 , 1 S + = (1.60)
( ) ( ) [ ] d t t t t S
0 a a 0 b b t
= (1.61)
c
max r max t
5 , 0
2
=

dup teoria tensiunilor tangeniale (1.62)
F
N
N
N
N
d
L
s
F
a
A
N
R
F
a
F
t
2
a

t
2
a
d
1
d
a
2
S
2
S
d
2
d
b
l
2
b
2
b
d
1
d

s
2
1
2
2
s
d d
d
2

2
1
2
2
1
2
s
d d
d d

+

2
1
2
2
s
d d
d
2

2 2
2
2 2
2
s
d d
d d

+

10
c
max r max t
75 , 0
2
=

dup teoria energetic (1.63)
Pentru butuc:
s max r
2 2
2
2 2
2
s max t
b b
;
d d
d d
=

+
=
Pentru arbore:
s max r
2
1
2
2
s max t
a a
;
d d
d
2 =

=
( )
c
cb
2 2
2
2 2
2
max s
c
5 , 0
2
1
d d
d d
b

+


(1.64)
( )
c
ca
2
1
2
2
max s
c
5 , 0
2
1
d d
d
2
a

(1.65)
( )
a max s b max s max s
, min =
(1.66)
d
E
K
E
K
S
b
b
a
a
max s max

+ = (1.67)
t r max tot max
S S S S + + = (1.68)
tot max
STAS
max
S S i
tot min
STAS
min
S S (1.69)
( ) d t t J S
0 b
STAS
max
= + t (1.70)
( ) d t t J S
0 a
STAS
max
= + t (1.71)














1.71.a 1.71.b 1.71.c 1.72
Figura 1.70

( )
m
tc
d
M 2
N
sin cos N Q

=
+ =
(1.72)
al min no t 2 1 tc
M k k M =
(1.73)
sa
m
s
l d
N


=
(1.74)
tn 2 1 tc
M K K M =
sa s
tc
l d
N
;
d
M 2
N

=

= (1.75)
( ) [ ] + + = tg tg N F
1 1 a
(1.76)
r
0
0 a
l
l
S E
F

=
(1.77)
( )
a
r
1
l
l
tg

= +
(1.78)
( )
( )
1 a
2 2
0 a
tg l
4
d D
4
d D
E 2
F +
+


= (1.79)
tc sm
M
2
d
l d = (1.80)

s m
=
s

s max

s max
V



N

N

Q
d
m

l

Q
11










Figura1.76





Figura 1.73










Figura 1.74 Figura 1.75










Figura 1.77 Figura 1.78 Figura 1.79

Tabelul 1.2
Marca STAS

c

[MPa]

R

[MPa]
Alungirea la
rupere, A%
Tipuri de arcuri
OLC 55A 880 1080 6 lamelare, cu foi, spirale
OLC 65A
795-80
780 980 10
OLC 75A 880 1080 9
OLC 85A 980 1130 8
lamelare, cu foi, spirale, elicoidale
51 Si 18A 1080 1180 cu foi, elicoidale
56 Si 17A 1270 1480
60 Si 15A 1080 1270
cu foi, elicoidale, disc, inelare
51 VCr 11A
795-80
1180 1320
6
cu foi, elicoidale, disc, inelare, bar de torsiune
61 Si 2 WA 11514-80 1668 1864 5 elicoidale, bar de torsiune
40 Cr130 3583-80 1250 1650 elicoidale
12 TiNiCr 180 11523-80 1450 1650 elicoidale

-







1.80.a 1.80.b 1.80.c 1.80.d 1.80.e 1.81.a 1.81.b

= =
d
dM
c sau
df
dF
c (1.81)

= = d M L sau df F L (1.82)
V
L
k
v
= (1.83)
D
d
M
t1
1 t
M
4
1

1 t
M
4
1
K
1 t
M
8
1

F
(M)
f
F
(M)
f
F
(M)
f
F
(M)
f
F
(M)
f
arcuri metalice
(Hooke)
arcuri metalice
de nlimi
diferite
arc disc
arc
spiral
arcuri metalice
cu foi
(histerezis)
arcuri din
cauciuc
(histerezis)
M


M
t

d
l
d

s
l
D

F
a1

N
N

N

N
N
H = N(
1
cos +sin )

1
l
d

s max

12
G
V
L
k
2
max
u

= , pentru solicitarea de torsiune, sau

E
V
L
k
2
max
u

= , pentru solicitarea de ncovoiere sau de traciune-compresiune.

(1.84)
2
max
v u
G
k k

= , pentru solicitarea de torsiune, sau

2
max
v u
E
k k

= , pentru solicitarea de ncovoiere sau de traciune-compresiune.

(1.85)
L L L
h
= (1.86)
L
L
1
L
L
h
=

= (1.87)
+

=
+

=
1
1
L L
L L
(1.88)
at
p
t
t
W
M
=
(1.89)
4
t
p
t
d G
l M 32
I G
l M


=

=
(1.90)
l 32
G d
c
4

= (1.91)
( )
32
d
G 2
l d
16
I G 2
l W
I G 2
l M
2
M
L
4
2
at
3
p
2
at p
p
2
t t

=


=


=

= (1.92)
V
G
25 , 0 L
2
max t

= (1.93)
3
t a
t
nec
M 16
d


= sau
t
4
nec
M 32
G d
l

= (1.94)











Figura 1.82
Figura 1.83













Figura 1.84 Figura 1.85
2
D cos F
M
m
t

= (1.95)
2
D sin F
M
m
i

= (1.96)

F
Fcos

Fsin
D
m

t
k
t
F
D
m

d
t; t
0

H
b
H
1 H
0
H
2
F
F
2

f
f
1

f
2

f
b

F
1
F
b

caneluri
13
=

cos F F (1.97)
= sin F F
N
(1.98)
3
m
p
t
t
d
D F 8
W
M


= =
(1.99)
,
d
F 4
A
F
2
f


= = (1.100)
( ) 1 i 2
d
F 4
1
d
D
2
d
F 4
2
m
2
+


=

+


= , unde:
d
D
i
m
= este indicele arcului (raportul de nfurare) (1.101)
2
t
d
i F 8


= = (1.102)
= k
max
(1.103)
5 , 0 i
5 , 0 i
k

+
= (1.104)
a
2 3
m
max
d
F i k 8
d
F D k 8



=


= (1.105)
d i D cu ;
i F k 8
d
m
at
nec
=


(1.106)
p
t m
I G
l M
;
2
D
f

= =
(1.107)
d G
n i F 8
f
3

= (1.108)
3
m
4
D n 8
d G
c


= (1.109)
F D 8
d G f
n
3
m
4


= (1.110)
2
f F
W

= (1.111)
( )
( ) real k pentru
D k 8
d
F
1 k pentru
D 8
d
F
m
a
2
m
a
3


=
=

=
(1.112)
p
2
m
p
m
m
p
m t
I G 2
F D n
I G
n D
2
D
F
I G
n D M
f


=

=
(1.113)
V
G
k
25 , 0
W
2
max
2

= (1.114)





Figura 1.86 1.87.a 1.87.b 1.87.c 1.87.d
ai
2
max i
h b
l F 6

= (1.115)
i a
2
z
max
max i
h b
l F 6
W
M

= =
(1.116)
max i
z
z
x z
x
x i
W
l F
l
x
W
x F
W
M
=

= =
(1.117)
l
x
6
h b
l
x
W
l
h b
W
2
z
2
x x
x z

= =

= (1.118)
( )
l
x
b b b b
0 0 x
+ = (1.119)
3
i a
nec
h
b
l F 6
S

=
(1.120)
F F
14
( )
( )
1 3 2
3
2 2
z
3
3
1 2
z
3
2
3
z
z
3
1
f f f
1.78.c) (figura ;
1 2
ln 2 4 3 3
I E 3
l F
f
1.78.b) (figura f f ;
I E 2
l F
f
1.78.a) (figura
12
h b
I ;
I E 3
l F
f
> >

+

=
>


=

=


=

(1.121)
( )
( ) ( )
V
E
1 1 2
ln 2 1 4 3
6
1
L
; V
E 6
1
L
; V
E 18
1
L
2
max i
3
2 2
3
2
max i
2
2
max i
1

+
+
=

=
(1.122)
E k E
e e
= (1.123)








Figura 1.89 Figura 1.90 Figura 1.88







Figura 1.91

Figura 1.92 Figura 1.93
f
h
A
E F = (1.124)
f
h
A
E F = , unde

=
h
a
f cu variaia prezentat n figura 1.93 (1.125)
s
f
tg
G A
F
; G
A
F
f
=

= = = (1.126)













Figura 1.94









Figura 1.95 Figura 1.96

Figura 1.97
F (M)
f ()
ncrcare
descrcare
energie disipat prin frecri
interne (max 40%)
F
F
a
h

10
5
5 10
a/h
l
l
l
F
F
F
b
b
b
b
0
F
F
F
h
h
h
a)
b)
c)
F
f
1 2 3

f
s
A
F
F
f
a)
b)

a) dup ncrcare, sub sarcin F = ct;
b) dup ndeprtarea sarcinii.
timp