Professional Documents
Culture Documents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. LDH: 100–190 U/L . Variable decelerations—Are noted as V-shaped on
the monitoring strip. Variable decelerations can occur
. CPK: 21–232 U/L
anytime during monitoring of the fetus. They are
. Uric acid: 3.5–7.5 mg/dL caused by cord compression. The intervention is to
. Triglyceride: 40–50 mg/dL change the mother’s position; if pitocin is infusing,
stop the infusion; apply oxygen; and increase the rate
. Total cholesterol: 130–200 mg/dL of IV fluids. Contact the doctor if the problem persists.
. Bilirubin: < 1.0 mg/dL . Late decelerations—Occur after the peak of the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0789737051_Tearcard.qxd 10/25/07 2:58 PM Page 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS . pH up, CO2 down, and HCO3 down = respiratory LEGAL ISSUES IN NURSING . Proton pump inhibitors: Esomeprazole (Nexium),
alkalosis lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix),
IN HEALTH CARE Review common legal terms: tort, negligence, malpractice, rabeprazole (AciPhex)
. pH up, CO2 up, and HCO3 up = metabolic alkalosis slander, assault, battery.
25. Arab American cultural attributes—Females avoid eye
. Anticoagulant drugs: Heparin sodium (Hepalean),
contact with males; touch is accepted if done by same-sex 32. Addison’s versus Cushing’s—Addison’s and Cushing’s Legalities—The RN and the physician institute seclusion enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox), dalteparin sodium
healthcare providers; most decisions are made by males; are diseases of the endocrine system involving either protection. The MD or the hospice nurse can pronounces (Fragmin)
Muslims (Sunni) , refuse organ donation; most Arabs do not overproduction or inadequate production of cortisol: the client dead.
eat pork; they avoid icy drinks when sick or hot/cold drinks 40. Drug schedules
together; colostrum is considered harmful to the newborn. . Treatment for the client with Addison’s: increase 39. Types of drugs
sodium intake; medications include cortisone . Schedule I—Research use only (example LSD)
26. Asian American cultural attributes—They avoid direct preparations. *The generic name is listed first with the trade name
in parentheses. . Schedule II—Requires a written prescription
eye contact; feet are considered dirty (the feet should be . Treatment for the client with Cushing’s: restrict (example Ritalin)
touched last during assessment); males make most of sodium; observe for signs of infection. . Angiotensin-converting agents: Benazepril
the decisions; they usually refuse organ donation; they (Lotensin), lisinopril (Zestril), captopril (Capoten), . Schedule III—Requires a new prescription after
generally do not prefer cold drinks, believe in the “hot-cold” 33. Treatment for spider bites/bleeding—RICE (rest, ice, enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), moexipril six months or five refills (example codeine)
theory of illness. compression, and elevate extremity) (Univas), quinapril (Acupril), ramipril (Altace) . Schedule IV—Requires a new prescription after
27. Native American cultural attributes—They sustain eye 34. Treatment for sickle cell crises—HHOP (heat, hydration, . Beta adrenergic blockers: Acebutolol (Monitan, six months (example Darvon)
contact; blood and organ donation is generally refused; they oxygen, pain medications) Rhotral, Sectral), atenolol (Tenormin, Apo-Atenol, . Schedule V—Dispensed as any other prescription
might refuse circumcision; may prefer care from the tribal Nova-Atenol), esmolol (Brevibloc), metaprolol or without prescription if state law allows (example
shaman rather than using western medicine. 35. Five Ps of fractures and compartment syndrome— (Alupent, Metaproterenol), propanolol (Inderal) antitussives)
These are symptoms of fractures and compartment
28. Mexican American cultural attributes—They might avoid syndrome: . Anti-infective drugs: Gentamicin (Garamycin, 41. Medication classifications commonly used in a
direct eye contact with authorities; they might refuse organ Alcomicin, Genoptic), kanamycin (Kantrex), neomycin medical/surgical setting
. Pain (Mycifradin), streptomycin (Streptomycin), tobramycin
donation; most are very emotional during bereavement;
. Pallor (Tobrex, Nebcin), amikacin (Amikin) . Antacids—Reduce hydrochloric acid in the stomach
believe in the “hot-cold” theory of illness.
. Pulselessness . Benzodiazepine drugs: Clonazepam (Klonopin), . Antianemics—Increase red blood cell production
29. Religions beliefs
diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), . Anticholenergics—Decrease oral secretions
. Jehovah’s Witness—No blood products should . Paresthesia lorazepam (Ativan), flurazepam (Dalmane)
be used . Polar (cold) . Anticoagulants—Prevent clot formation
. Phenothiazine drugs: Chlopromazine (Thorazine),
. Hindu—No beef or items containing gelatin prochlorperazine (Compazine), trifluoperazine . Anticonvulsants—Used for management of
36. Hip fractures—Hip fractures commonly hemorrhage, seizures/bipolar disorder
. Jewish—Special dietary restrictions, use of whereas femur fractures are at risk for fat emboli. (Stelazine), promethazine (Phenergan), hydroxyzine
kosher foods (Vistaril), fluphenazine (Prolixin) . Antidiarrheals—Decrease gastric motility and
37. Profile of gallbladder disease—Fair, fat, forty, five reduce water in bowel
. Glucocorticoid drugs: Prednisolone (Delta-Cortef,
30. Therapeutic diets pregnancies, flatulent (actually gallbladder disease can
Prednisol, Prednisolone), prednisone (Apo-Prednisone, . Antihistamines—Block the release of histamine
occur in all ages and both sexes).
. Renal diet—High calorie, high carbohydrate, low Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone, Panasol-S),
. Antihypertensives—Lower blood pressure and
protein, low potassium, low sodium, and fluid betamethasone (Celestone, Selestoject, Betnesol),
increase blood flow
restricted to intake = output + 500 ml TIPS FOR ASSIGNING STAFF DUTIES dexamethasone (Decadron, Deronil, Dexon,
Mymethasone, Dalalone), cortisone (Cortone), . Anti-infectives—Used for the treatment of infections
. Gout diet—Low purine; omit poultry (“cold chicken”) 38. Management and delegation
medication for acute episodes: Colchicine; hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone Phosphate, . Bronchodilators—Dilate large air passages in
maintenance medication: Zyloprim . Delegate sterile skills such as dressing changes to Cortifoam), methylprednisolone (Solu-cortef, Depo- asthma/lung disease
the RN or LPN. Where nonskilled care is required, Medrol, Depopred, Medrol, Rep-Pred), triamcinolone
. Heart healthy diet—Low fat (less than 30% of you can delegate the stable client to the nursing (Amcort, Aristocort, Atolone, Kenalog, Triamolone) . Diuretics—Decrease water/sodium from the Loop
calories should be from fat) assistant. Choose the most critical client to assign to of Henle
. Antivirals: Acyclovir (Zovirax), ritonavir (Norvir),
the RN, such as the client who has recently returned saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), indinavir (Crixivan), . Laxatives—Promote the passage of stool
31. Acid/base balance
from chest surgery. Clients who are being discharged abacavir (Ziagen), cidofovir (Vistide), ganciclovir
. ROME (respiratory opposite/metabolic equal) is a . Miotics—Constrict the pupils
should have final assessments done by the RN. (Cytovene, Vitrasert)
quick way of remembering that in respiratory . Mydriatics—Dilate the pupils
acid/base disorders the pH is opposite to the other . The PN, like the RN, can monitor clients with IV . Cholesterol-lowering drugs: Atorvastatin (Lipitor),
therapy, insert urinary catheters and feeding tubes, fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin . Narcotics/analgesics—Relieve moderate to
components. For example, in respiratory acidosis,
apply restraints, discontinue IVs, drains, and sutures. (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocar), rosuvastatin (Crestor) severe pain
the pH is below normal and the CO2 is elevated, as
is the HCO3 (respiratory opposite). In metabolic . For room assignments, do not coassign the . Angiotensin receptor blocker drugs: Valsartan
disorders, the components of the lab values are the post-operative client with clients who have vomiting, (Diovan), candesartan (Altacand), losartan (Cozaar),
same. An example of this is metabolic acidosis. diarrhea, open wounds, or chest tube drainage. telmisartan (Micardis)
In metabolic acidosis, the pH is below normal and Remember the A, B, Cs (airway, breathing, circulation)
the CO2 is decreased, as is the HCO3. This is true in . Cox 2 enzyme blocker drugs: Celecoxib (Celebrex),
when answering questions choices that ask who valdecoxib (Bextra)
a compensated situation. would you see first. For hospital triage, care for the
. pH down, CO2 up, and HCO3 up = respiratory acidosis client with a life-threatening illness or injury first. . Histamine 2 antagonist drugs: Cimetidine
For disaster triage, choose to triage first those clients (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid),
. pH down, CO2 down, and HCO3 down = metabolic rantidine (Zantac)
who can be saved with the least use of resources.
acidosis
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .