BMS H thng qun l ta nh

Thng tin c bn v BMS H thng qun l ta nh. Mc tiu ca h BMS l tp

trung ha v n gin ha gim st, hot ng v qun l mt hay nhiu ta nh
ti u ha hiu sut hot ng ca ta nh bng cch gim chi ph nhn cng v
lng tiu th in nng, v cung cp mi trng lm vic an ton, thoi mi hn
cho ngi c ng.

Trong qu trnh p ng cc mc tiu ny, BMS tin ha t h iu khin gim st n
gin tr thnh h iu khin vi tnh ha tch hp ton din (totally integrated computerize
control).

Mt s li ch ca h BMS c th k n l:

Hot ng n gin hn vi nhng chc nng lp trnh lp i lp li thit lp ch vn
hnh t ng
Gim thi gian hun luyn vn hnh vin nh cc hng dn v h tr trc quan trn mn
hnh ha
p ng cc nhu cu ca ngi c ng v phn ng vi cc iu kin rc ri nhanh hn v
hiu qu hn
Gim lng in nng tiu th thng qua kh nng iu khin qun l tp trung v chng
trnh qun l in nng
Qun l c s/ti sn hiu qu hn nh cc bo co ghi li qu trnh hot ng, bo tr, v
chc nng t ng gi cnh bo
Lp trnh linh hot theo nhu cu ca tng ta nh, t chc v yu cu m rng.
Nng cao hot ng nh tch hp phn mm v phn cng ca nhiu h thng ph nh iu
khin s trc tip (DDC Direct Digital Control), h thng bo chy, an ninh, iu khin truy
nhp hoc iu khin nh sng.

Trc y, khi ch c h thng my tnh kng knh, th h BMS ch c s dng trong nhng
ta nh vn phng v cc trng i hc ln. Vi vic ra i cc b iu khin s dng b vi
x l iu khin s trc tip, th chi ph tch hp chc nng qun l ta nh vo b iu
khin nh n mc m mt BMS l s la chn u t ng ch cho cc ta nh thng mi
mi kch c, kiu dng.




BMS Nhng iu c bn

Thut ng BMS ra i vo u nhng nm 1950. V t ti nay n thay i rt nhiu k
c trn phng din phm vi v cu hnh h thng. Cch thc lin lc ca h thng pht trin
t i dy cng ti i dy hn hp (multiplex) v gi y l h thng hai dy lin lc s hon
ton. EMS v BMCS pht trin t giao thc poll-response vi b x l iu khin trung tm ti
giao thc peer-to-peer vi h thng iu khin phn tn.

Qun l in nng
Qun l in nng l chc nng tiu biu ca b iu khin DDC s dng b vi x l. Trong
hu ht cc ta nh c quy m t va ti ln, qun l in nng l mt phn khng th thiu
ca BMCS, vi chc nng iu khin ti u thc thi ti cp h thng, v vi thng tin qun
l v truy cp ngi s dng do BMS ch cung cp.
Mt mng b iu khin iu hnh thit b gim thiu chi ph vn hnh, v iu chnh nhit
em li mc thoi mi cho ngi s dng

Chc nng h thng qun l in nng ca BMS ch gm c:
Gim st ghi hiu sut
Gim st ghi mc s dng in nng
Thng k mc tiu th in nng: Mc tiu th theo ngun v nh k
Biu xu hng tiu th
Truy cp d liu chin lc qun l in nng nhm lin tc iu chnh theo nhu cu:

Lch s dng to nh
Gii hn nhit em li mc
thoi mi
Thng s iu chnh ca vng DDC
B sung chng trnh DDC

H thng qun l nng lng ta nh c trc h DDC khong 10 nm. N c kin trc s gm
mt my tnh trung tm tch hp kh nng iu khin, gim st v panel thu thp d liu t xa
giao tip vi cc thit b in, kh nn v h thng iu khin in t cc b. My tnh trung
tm ca kin trc xut cc lnh khi ng/dng v iu chnh b iu khin nhit cc b.

H thng qun l c s vt cht
H thng qun l c s vt cht c gii thiu vo cui thp nin 1980. S ra i ca n
m rng thm phm vi ca iu khin trung tm, gm c qun l ton b c s vt cht ca
ta nh. V d, trong mt nh my sn xut t, lch sn xut v gim st c th kt hp vi
gim st v iu khin mi trng BMS. Nhn vin b phn BMS v sn xut c th iu hnh
h thng iu khin ring bit qun l u ra v u vo, tuy nhin hai h thng ny c th
traoi d liu cho nhau ti u ha thng tin v lp ra bn bo co chnh xc nht. Chng
hn nh, chi ph cho lng nhit, gi trn mi u xe c xut xng s l thng tin quan
trng tnh ton chi ph tng trn mi xe thnh phm.

H thng qun l c s vt cht phi gii quyt c hai mc hot ng: gim st hot
ng hng ngy (day-to-day operation) v qun l/gim st hot ng di hn. Gim st hot
ng hng ngy i hi h thng lin tc gim st v iu khin thi gian thc ton b c s
v mi trng. Gim st/qun l/hoch nh hot ng di hn yu cu h thng ghi li d liu
phn tch/hoch nh xu hng lu di, v ly lm d liu so snh vi mc tiu hot ng.
Do vy, mc tiu chnh yu ca mc hoch nh v qun l l thu thp, x l d liu v lch s
hot ng.



Mt s thut ng trong t ng ha ta nh

1.Building Control System (BCS): H thng iu khin ta nh. N mang n s tin nghi v an
ton cho ngi nh bn.

2.Building Management and Control System (BMCS): H thng iu khin v qun l ta nh.
N l s kt hp ca BMS v BCS.

3.Building Management System: H thng qun l ta nh. N tp trung ha gim st, hot
ng v qun l ta nh nhm ti u hiu sut hot ng.

4.Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet) Protocol: Giao thc mng iu khin v t
ng ha ta nh (BACnet). Mt giao thc lin lc cho BMCS do hip hi k s ASHRAE pht
trin. (ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers)

5.Dynamic Display Data: D liu hin th ng. L loi d liu c hin tr ti cc trm lm
vic BMCS m c cp nht nh k, chng hn nh trang thi nhit hoc ON/OFF.

6.Energy Management System (EMS): H thng qun l nng lng. N ti u ha hot ng,
nhit , v qu trnh ca h thng HVAC trong ta nh. Ngoi tr mt s h thng li thi, th
hu nh bt c mt h BCS hoc BMCS u c ton b chc nng ca h EMS.

Mt h BMS gm cu hnh phn cng v h thng lin lc cn thit truy cp d liu trong
ton b ta nh hoc truy cp t cc ta nh t xa khc s dng ng truyn in thoi.

Cu hnh phn cng
B iu khin s dng vi x l to nn cu hnh theo kiu cp bc cho h thng BMS. Hnh di
m t a cp bc hay cn gi l lp (tier) ca b x l.
- Cp x l qun l
- Cp x l hot ng
- Cp x l h thng
- Cp x l vng

Cp c s dng thc s cho h thng ph thuc vo tng nhu cu ca ta nh hay mt
t hp ta nh. Cp x l vng c th kt hp cc b actuator v cm bin s dng vi x l
thng minh. Tip sau y

B iu khin cp vng. y l b iu khin s dng b vi x l. N cung cp kh nng iu
khin trc tip ti cc thit nm trong phm vi cp vng, nh bm nhit, hp iu lng gi
(VAV Variable Air Volume), thit b cp gi n vng. B iu khin cp ny cng c th s
dng phn mm qun l nng lng.
Ti cp x l vng, cm bin v actuator giao lin lc trc tip vi thit b c iu khin. Mt
bus lin lc lm phng tin kt ni cc b iu khin, do vy cc im thng tin gia cc b
iu khin c th chia s cho nhau v chia s vi cc b x l ti h thng v cp x l hot
ng. Cc b iu khin cp vng tiu biu c mt cng hoc knh giao tip h tr s dng
thit b u cui di ng trong qu trnh thit lp ban u v c nhng ln iu chnh sau .

B iu khin cp h thng. B iu khin cp ny c cng sut ln hn b iu khin cp
vng nu xt trn phng din cc im, vng DDC v chng trnh iu khin. B iu khin
cp h thng thng c dng iu khin cc thit b c kh nh cc h cung cp kh, h
VAV trung tm v h thng lm mt.
Ngoi ra, n cn thc thi iu khin nh sng. B iu khin ti cp ny giao tip trc tip vi
cc thit b c iu khin thng qua actuator v cm bin, hoc giao tip gin tip thng qua
cc bus lin lc vi b iu khin cp vng. B iu khin cp h thng c mt cng kt ni
vi cc thit b u cui lp trnh v vn hnh cm tay trong sut qu trnh ci t ban u v
c cc ln iu chnh sau ny.
Khi b iu khin cp h thng c kt ni vi b x l cp hot ng, nhng thay i
chng trnh iu khin thng c thc thi b x l cp hot ng v sau ti xung b
iu khin. B iu khin cp h thng cng cung cp kh nng d phng trong trng hp
lin lc b t bng ch hot ng c lp.

Mt s kiu b iu khin cp h thng cng cung cp ch bo v an ton cho ton b ti
sn thng qua tn hiu cnh bo ha hon, cnh bo an ninh, bo mt truy cp.

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