2012

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Khoa KH & KTMT
2012, CE Department
Khoa KH & KTMT
B mn K Thut My Tnh
2012
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Ti liu tham kho
Digital Systems, Principles and Applications,
8
th
/5
th
Edition, R.J. Tocci, Prentice Hall
Digital Logic Design Principles, N.
Balabanian & B. Carlson John Wiley &
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department
Balabanian & B. Carlson John Wiley &
Sons Inc., 2004
2
2012
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Cc php ton v Cc php ton v
mch s hc
2012, CE Department
2012
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Php cng nh phn
Php cng (Addition) l php ton quan trng nht
trong cc h thng s
Php tr (Subtraction), php nhn (multiplication) v php
chia (division) c hin thc bng cch s dng php
cng
Lut c bn: 0 + 0 = 0
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 10 = 0 + carry of 1 into next position
1 + 1 + 1 = 11 = 1 + carry of 1 into next position
V d
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 4
2012
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Biu din s c du (1)
Bit du (sign bit)
0: dng (positive) 1: m (negative)
Lng s (magnitude)
H thng sign-magnitude
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 5
2012
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Biu din s c du (2)
H thng sign-magnitude tuy n gin nhng thng
thng khng c s dng do vic hin thc mch
phc tp hn cc h thng khc
Dng b-1 (1s-Complement Form)
Chuyn mi bit ca s nh phn sang dng b
V d: 101101 010010 (s b-1) V d: 101101
2
010010 (s b-1)
Dng b-2 (2s-Complement Form)
Cng 1 vo v tr bit LSB (trng s nh nht) ca s b-1
V d: 45
10
= 101101
2
S b-1 010010
Cng 1 + 1
S b-2 010011
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 6
2012
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Biu din s c du s dng b-2
Quy tc
S dng (positive): lng s (magnitude) biu din di
dng s nh phn ng, bit du bng 0 (bit trng s cao
nht - MSB)
S m (negative): lng s biu din di dng s b-2,
bit du bng 1 (bit MSB)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 7
2012
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Biu din s c du s dng b-2
H thng b-2 c s dng biu din s c du
v n cho php thc hin php ton tr bng cch
s dng php ton cng
Cc my tnh s s dng cng mt mch in cho cng v
tr tit kim phn cng
Ph nh (negation): i t s dng sang s m Ph nh (negation): i t s dng sang s m
hoc t s m sang s dng
Ph nh ca 1 s nh phn c du l b-2 ca s
V d:
+9 01001 s c du
- 9 10111 ph nh (b-2)
+9 01001 ph nh ln 2 (b-2)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 8
2012
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Trng hp c bit ca b-2
Bit du bng 1, N bit lng s bng 0: s thp phn
tng ng l -2
N
V d: 1000 = -2
3
= -8
10000 = -2
4
= -16
100000 = -2
5
= -32
Bit du bng 0, N bit lng s bng 1: s thp phn Bit du bng 0, N bit lng s bng 1: s thp phn
tng ng l +(2
N
1)
V d: 0111 = +(2
3
1) = +7
Khong gi tr c th biu din bng h thng b-2
vi N bit lng s l
-2
N
n +(2
N
1)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 9
2012
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Php cng trong h thng b-2 (1)
Lut cng
Cng 2 s b-2 theo lut cng c bn (cng c bit du)
Loi b bit nh (carry) v tr cui cng ca php cng
(sinh ra bi php cng 2 bit du)
Trng hp 1 Trng hp 2
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 10
+9 0 1001
+4 0 0100
bit du
+13 0 1101
+9 0 1001
-4 1 1100
bit du
+5 1 0 0101
carry
2012
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Php cng trong h thng b-2 (2)
-9 1 0111
+4 0 0100
bit du
-5 1 1011
Trng hp 3
-9 1 0111
-4 1 1100
bit du
-13 1 1 0011
Trng hp 4
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-5 1 1011 -13 1 1 0011
carry
-9 1 0111
+9 0 1001
bit du
0 1 0 0000
carry
Trng hp 5
2012
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Php tr trong h thng b-2
Php ton tr trong h thng b-2 c thc hin
thng qua php ton cng
Trnh t thc hin
Ph nh s tr
Cng gi tr thu c vo s b tr
V d V d
+9 4 = +9 + (-4) = 01001 + 11100
= 100101 = +5
-9 4 = -9 + (-4) = 10111 + 11100
= 110011 = -13
+9 - 9 = +9 + (-9) = 01001 + 10111
= 100000 = 0
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 12
2012
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Trn s hc (Arithmetic Overflow)
+17 1 0001
+9 0 1001
+8 0 1000
sai bit du sai lng s
iu kin trn: cng 2 s dng hoc 2 s m
Pht hin trn
Hin tng trn c pht hin bng cch kim tra bit du
ca kt qu php cng so vi cc bit du ca cc ton
hng
Php tr: trn ch c th xy ra khi s tr v s b tr c bit
du khc nhau
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 13
2012
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Php ton nhn (multiplication)
Thao tc nhn 2 s nh phn c thc hin theo
cch tng t nhn 2 s thp phn
1001 S b nhn = 9
10
1011 S nhn = 11
10
1001
1001
0000
1001
1100011 Kt qu = 99
10
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 14
Tch thnh phn
(ln lt dch tri)
2012
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Php nhn trong h thng b-2
Nu s nhn v s b nhn u dng
Nhn bnh thng
Nu s nhn v s b nhn l cc s m
Chuyn 2 s sang s dng s dng b-2
Nhn bnh thng
Kt qu l 1 s dng vi bit du bng 0 Kt qu l 1 s dng vi bit du bng 0
Nu 1 trong 2 s l s m
Chuyn s m sang s dng s dng b-2
Nhn bnh thng
Kt qu c chuyn sang dng b-2, bit du bng 1
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 15
2012
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Php ton chia (Division)
Php chia 2 s nh phn c thc hin theo cch
tng t chia 2 s thp phn
Php chia 2 s c du c x l theo cch tng
t php nhn 2 s c du
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 16
9 3 = 3 10 4 = 2.5
2012
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Php cng BCD (1)
Trnh t cng 2 s BCD
S dng php cng nh phn thng thng cng cc
nhm m BCD cho tng v tr k s BCD
ng vi mi v tr, nu tng 9, kt qu khng cn sa li
Nu tng ca 2 k s > 9, kt qu c cng thm 6
(0110) sa li, thao tc ny lun to bit nh (carry) cho (0110) sa li, thao tc ny lun to bit nh (carry) cho
v tr k s k tip
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 17
2012
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Php cng BCD (2)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 18
2012
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S hc thp lc phn (1)
Php cng 2 s thp lc phn c thc hin theo
cch tng t php cng 2 s thp phn
Cng 2 k s hex di dng thp phn
Nu tng 15, biu din trc tip bng k s hex
Nu tng 16, tr cho 16 v nh 1 vo v tr k s tip
theo theo
Php tr 2 s thp lc phn
Chuyn s tr sang dng b-2 v em cng vo s b tr
Loi b bit nh sinh ra do php cng 2 k s v tr cui
cng (nu c)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 19
2012
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S hc thp lc phn (2)
Chuyn s hex sang dng b-2
S hex s nh phn dng b-2 s hex
Tr mi k s hex, ly kt qu cng thm 1
592
16
3A5
16
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 20
2012
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S hc thp lc phn (3)
Dng biu din thp lc phn ca cc s c du
S c trng s cao nht (MSD most significant digit) 8,
s c biu din l s m
Nu MSD 7, s c biu din l s dng
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 21
2012
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n v s hc v lun l (ALU)
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 22
2012
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Mch cng nh phn song song
Ton hng 1 (s b cng): lu trong thanh ghi tch ly
(accumulator A)
Ton hng 2 (s cng): lu trong thanh ghi B
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 23
2012
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Mch cng nh phn song song
Ton hng 1 v 2 c a vo mch cng ton
phn (full adder)
Thao tc cng trn mi bit c thc hin ng thi
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 24
2012
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Thit k mch cng ton phn
Lp bng s tht cho mch cng ton phn
Rt gn biu thc mch cng ton phn bng
phng php i s hoc ba Karnaugh
Mch hon chnh
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 25
2012
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Thit k mch cng ton phn
) (
IN
C B A S =
AB AC BC C
IN IN OUT
+ + =
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 26
2012
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Mch cng/tr ton phn
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 27
2012
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Mch nhn nh phn
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 28
2012
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Mch chia nh phn
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 29
2012
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c thm
Chng 6: Digital Arithmetic: Operations and
Circuits trong sch Digital System ca Ronal Tocci
Logic Design 1 2012, CE Department 30