TheMcClellandLecture

ATributetoBram
OBJECTIVES
Demonstratethetechniquesofplastic
limitanalysis(PLA)andtheadvantages
ofsameforestimatingfoundation
capacity
Outline
OffshoreFoundation ABriefHistory
AnalysisofTypicalCasesIncluding
IndividualandSystemsof
ShallowFoundations
PileFoundations
ShowSimilaritiesandDifferencesinPLA
andLimitEquilibriumTechniques
History TheEarlydays
History ShallowWaterStructures
History DeepWaterStructures
History ShallowFoundations
howcanmathematics,whichis
soclearandprecise,andinso
manywayssimple,beappliedto
thephysicalworldwhich,
althoughapparentlyconsistent,
ismanysidedandextremely
complex?.
Calladine,1969
IDEALISATION
Thepurposeof
computingisinsight,
notnumbers.
RichardHamming
COMPUTING
thissolutionwasobtainedusing
theanalyticaltoolsavailabletous
thissolutionwasobtainedusing
theanalyticalfoolsavailabletous
ANASIDE
SHALLOWFOUNDATIONS
ConventionalMethods
PlasticityApproach
ConventionalPlaneStrain
BearingCapacitySolution
Mechanism
Prandtl Reissner Terzaghi
V/A=cN
c
+qN
q
+0.5BN

Mathematiciansareuseful
animalswhoshouldbekeptin
goldencagesandfedproblems
judiciously.
KarlTerzaghi
ThePlasticityApproachwith
SomeWordsofCaution
TheUpperBoundMethodofPlastic
LimitAnalysis
Defineanadmissible
mechanism
Assumeavirtualvelocity
oftheunknownloads
Setexternalworkrates
equaltointernalenergy
dissipationrates
Solvetheresulting
equation
Optimizethemechanism
AWordofEncouragement
Remember nooneeverreally
understandsanything,wejustget
usedtoit.
Example InclinedLoadMechanism
V
45
B

v
o
B
C
D
A
E
Example1 Solution
EccentricLoadMechanism
D
M
H

y
h
B
R
B A

.
Brinch HansenMechanism
ScoopMechanism
Randolph,etal
AlternativeFormulationsforShallow
FoundationSystem
DetailedorExplicitMechanism
MacroorImplicitMechanism
StepByStepProcedureforMacroPLA
PlanarModel(V&H)ofSystem
1. VirtualrotationaboutX
o
,Y
o
2. Findfootingvelocitiesv&h
3. Usenormalitytoformratiosof
velocitiese.g v/h
4. Equatethesetoratiosfrom
mechanism=>2equations
5. Interactionsurface=>3rdequation
6. SolveforV&H
7. Dissipationrate=Vv+Hh
8. Setdissipation=externalworkrate
9. SolveforunknownForce
10. Optimizee.g.wrt X
o
,Y
o
MacroSolutionsofTwoFootingSystem
WithVaryingVerticalLoad
PileFoundations
ANASIDE
Thesepileswillhavetobedriven
withconsiderablebatter.
Thesepileswillhavetobedriven
withconsiderablebutter.
PileFoundations LateralCapacity
Deepflowaroundofaflatplate
H=11.42SuB
LateralMechanismfor
Translation
PileFoundations DetailedRotation
MechanismforRigidPile
PileFoundations AnalysisofaFourPileGroup
x
o
,y
o
R
Parameter Value

0and2

0.10

0.40
TypicalResultsMomentvs.LateralLoad
InteractionDiagramforaFourPileGroup
ShearMode
OverturningMode
InteractionMode
ComparisonofUpperBoundvsLimit
EquilibriumAnalysis
S
3