Infrared Spectroscopy

Dr. W. Richard Thilagaraj

SRM University
Development
Discovered in 1800 but commercially available in
1940s
Prisms
Grating Instruments
Fourier-transform spectrometers
Tunable infrared lasers
Applications
Qualitative Analysis
Organic and Inorganic
Functional Groups
Fingerprint Region
Pure Unknowns
Quantitative Analysis
A = log
10
(I
0
/I)
A = log
10
(100/T)
A(v) = a(v)bc
Molecular Structure
Light molecules examined in
gas phase exhibiting
rotational structure
Estimates of temperature
and pressure
Other Applications
Calculation of
thermodynamic quantities
Studies of intermolecular
forces etc.
3 Regions
Near Infrared
4000-12,500 cm
-1
, or 0.75-2.5m

Excite harmonics of molecular vibrations and low-
energy electronic transitions in molecules and
crystals
Source
Detector
3 Regions
Mid Infrared
200-4000 cm
-1
, or 2.5-20m
Stretching and bending vibrations of molecules
Source
Detector
3 Regions
Far Infrared
10-200 cm
-1
, or 20-200m
Rotational transitions in gaseous molecules
Low-frequency bending and skeletal vibrations
Lattice modes in solids
Source
Detector
Absorption of IR Radiation
Rotational and Vibrational changes
Radiation absorbed Rotation and Vibration
Broad vibrational absorption bands for liquids
or solids
Change in Dipole Moment MUST occur to
absorb IR radiation
Instrumentation
Fixed Mirror

Detector Sample ZPD


Beam Splitter
Moving Mirror

Source
Instrumentation
Radiation Sources
Mid IR Sources
Near IR Sources
Far IR Sources
Laser IR Sources
Monochromators and Interferometers
FT Spectrometers
Interferometer Components
Instrumentation
Detectors
Bolometer
Thermocouples
Thermistors
Golay Detector
Pyroelectric Detector
Photon Detector
References
McDowell, Robin S. Infrared Spectroscopy, in AccessScience@McGraw-Hill,
http://www.accessscience.com, DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.944700, last modified: March 22, 2002.
Robinson, James W., Skelly Frame, Eileen M., Frame, George M. (2005). Ungergraduate
Instumental Analysis. 6
th
Ed.