GSM Handover Algorithm Huwaie 2

GSM Handover Algorithm
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GSM Handover
Algorithm
N-2
Page2 Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
Handover is a key technology of mobile communication system and
make continued conversation possible.
Handover algorithm in Huawei product is flexible and powerful.
N-3
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Outline the types of handover
Master handover judgment flow
Understand algorithm of different handovers
Explain HO data configuration
N-4
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. HO Algorithm Process
N-5
Contents
N-6
Purposes of HO
To keep a continuous communication with a moving MS
To improve network service performance
To reduce the call drop rate
To reduce the congestion rate
Handover can maintain the communication continuity of MS which moves across different
cells and lower the call drop rate and provide better communication service.
N-7
Classification by Reason
No DL MR Emergency HO
Timing Advance (TA) HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_DropHO
Bad Quality (BQ) HO
Emergency HO
Enhanced Dual Band HO
Load HO
Normal HO
1
2
3
4
Classification
by
Reason
EDGE HO
PBGT HO
Layer HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Concentric Cell HO
AMR HO
N-8
Classification by Synchronization
CELL
Case 1
Synchronous Handover: the target BTS shall not send PHY INFO message
Case 2
Asynchronous Handover: the target BTS shall send PHY INFO message
Case 3 Case 4
Case 5
MSC
BSC
BTS
BSC BSC
MSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
NSS Network
Synchronous handover: source and target cell belong the same BTS
Asynchronous handover: source and target cell belong the different
BTS
N-9
Classification by Equipment and
Channel
SDCCH SDCCH TCH TCH
(Direct Retry) (Direct Retry)
SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH SDCCH
Intra Intra Cell Cell HO HO
Inter Inter Cell HO Cell HO
Intra Intra BSC HO BSC HO
Intra Intra MSC HO MSC HO
Inter Inter MSC HO MSC HO
TCH TCH TCH TCH
N-10
Contents
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Contents
2.1 General HO Process
2.2 Measure and Measurement Result Report
2.3 Measurement Report Preprocessing
2.4 Handover Judgment
2.5 Handover Implementation
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General HO Process
MS Goes into New Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into Dedicated Mode
Measure and Measurement Result Report 1
Measurement Report Preprocessing
2
Handover Judgment
3
Handover Implementation 4
N-13
General HO Process
2
Handover Judgment
3
N-14
The downlink measurement report
of the neighbor cell (BCCH)
Measurement Report
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level, downlink receiving
quality of the serving cell and other downlink receiving levels from
the neighbor cells.
Serving cell
Neighbor cell
The uplink MR
The downlink MR
In dedicated mode, the system performs handover and power control judgment based on
measurement reports. The downlink MR are reported to the network via uplink SACCH
channel.
Downlink--In dedicated mode, MS reports MR via uplink SACCH channel periodically.
The report includes the receiving level, received quality, TA, power class and whether
DTX is used. At the same time, MS will perform pre-synchronization to neighbor cell
defined by the system to obtain BCCH frequencies and BSIC, measure their received
signal level and report the six max. neighbor cells with the highest received signal level.
Uplink--The uplink measurement report is measured by BTS, including the receiving level
and receiving quality from the MS.
Both parts are sent by BTS to BSC for further processing at the same time.
N-15
Measurement Report
There are two values in the measurement report: FULL MR and SUB MR.
FULL--Averaging 100 TCH bursts (except the four idle frames in the four 26-
multiframes)
SUB--Averaging 12 bursts (four SACCH bursts and eight TCH bursts in specific
position).
SUB should be selected when the Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) function is activated.
RXQUAL l evel i n MR Huawei val ue BER behi nd

0 0 Less than 0.2%
1 10 0.2% ~ 0.4%
2 20 0.4% ~ 0.8%
3 30 0.8% ~ 1.6%
4 40 1.6% ~ 3.2%
5 50 3.2% ~ 6.4%
6 60 6.4% ~ 12.8%
7 70 Greater than 12.8%
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Period of Measurement Report
The downlink MR is sent to BTS in SACCH uplink
The interval is 480ms/per time when MS is on TCH
The interval is 470ms/per time when MS is on SDCCH
12TCH 12TCH 1SACCH
1 Idle
480ms
4 TCH Multi-
frames
SACCH is a bidirectional channel.
It sends the downlink measurement report to BTS in uplink SACCH.
It sends SYS.INFO. 5 and SYS. INFO. 6 to MS in downlink SACCH.
1. The SACCH measurement report period varies with the channel
occupied by MS in dedicated mode.
2. When associated with SDCCH, SACCH measurement period is
470ms, this is because there is an entire SACCH message block in 2
SDCCH 51-multiframes.
3. When associated with TCH, SACCH measurement period is 480ms,
this is because there is an entire SACCH message block in 4 TCH 26-
multiframes
A complete measurement report is formed by four consecutive SACCH bursts. In SDCCH
channel the four bursts are transmitted continuously. In TCH channel there is only
one SACCH burst in each 26-multiframe, therefore only four 26-multiframe can
constitute a complete measurement report.
N-17
General HO Process
Handover Judgment
3
2
N-18
MR Preprocessing
MR Preprocessing
Interpolation
Recover the lost
measurement report
Filtering
Smooth the instantaneous
fading point
MR preprocessing consists of two steps: interpolation and filtering.
N-19
MR Interpolation
MR
MR
No. n
No. n+4
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
M
R
F
lo
w

MR
MR
MR
Missing by
some reasons
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report

BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to recover the lost measurement reports. If
the lost MR amount is within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number Lost), then recovers the lost
MR according to the specific algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm
Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (-110dBm)
The continuity of measurement report is judged by measurement report number. Each
measurement report has a serial number. If the serial numbers of received measurement
reports are not consecutive, there must be missing measurement reports, and the system
will make them up according to the interpolation algorithm.
As shown in the diagram, the network receives measurement reports n and n+4, whose
serial numbers are not consecutive, so the system will make up for the missing
measurement reports n+1, n+2 and n+3 with a certain algorithm.
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MR Filtering
MR
MR
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
M
R
F
lo
w

MR
MR
MR
Filter----Average several
consecutive MRs
MR
Filtering smooth the instantaneous fading point
Calculate the average value within the filter window
When the network receives the measurement report, it can not judge the current condition
of MS according to just one measurement report due to the signal fluctuation. Therefore,
filtering, a more suitable method is applied.
Different filters are applied in receiving level, receiving quality and TA of uplink and
downlink.
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Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing
[MR Preprocessing]
Value Range: Yes, No
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether the BTS pre-processes the MR.
This parameter determines the location where power control is performed. If this
parameter is set to Yes, power control is performed by the BTS. Otherwise, the power
control is performed by the BSC.
When this parameter is set to No, the MR is processed by the BSC, in which case, both
Transfer original MR, Transfer BS/MS power class and Sent Freq of preprocessed MR
are invalid.
When this parameter is set to Yes, the load over Abisinterface and that over the BSC
are reduced, thus shortening the response time and improving thenetwork performance.
[Transfer Original MR]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether the original MR istransferred to the BSC
after the BTS pre-processes the MR.
When the parameter is set to Yes, the BTS transfers to the BSC both the processed MR
and the original MR.
Remarks:Incase of 4:1 configuration, this parameter must be set to No if SDCCH/8 is
greater than 2.
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Preprocessing
[Transfer BS/MS Power Class]
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the original BS/MSpower class is
transferred to the BSC.
Remarks:WhenMR pre-processing is enabled, uplink and downlink balance
measurement is affected if this parameter is set to No. In addition, power compensation
handovers, such as PBGT handovers, load handovers, and Concentric Cell handovers,
may become abnormal.
[Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR]
Value Range: Do not Report, Twice every second, Once every second, Once every two
seconds, Once every four seconds
Default Value: Twice every second
Description: This parameter indicates the frequency that the BTStransfers the
preprocessed MR to the BSC. After the MR is preprocessed by BTS, the BTS transfers the
preprocessed MR to the BSC. For example, if this parameter is set to Twice every second,
the BTS transfers the preprocessed MR to the BSC twice per 0.5 second.
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Preprocessing
[Allowed MR Number Lost]
Value Range: 0~31
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsallowed to be lost in succession. When
this threshold is not reached, the lost MR is estimated via the linear interpolation basing on the first
and the last MRsreceived. When this threshold is reached, all previous MRsare discarded, and
calculations are made again when new MRsare received.
Remarks: MRsfail to be decoded correctly when the signal strength in the serving cell is poor.
When this threshold is reached, all previous MRsare discarded and handover may fail. Thus, it is
advised to assign this parameter with a greater value to enable emergency handover.
[Filter Length for TCH Level]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for averaging the TCH signal
strength.
This parameter helps to avoid sharp drop of signal levels causedby RaileighFading and to ensure
correct handover decisions.
Remarks: When this parameter is too large, the impact of sudden changes is reduced, and the
response is delayed, thus affecting the network performance.
[Filter Length for TCH Qual]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for averaging the TCH signal
quality.
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Preprocessing
[Filter Length for SDCCH Level]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 2
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for averaging the SDCCH signal strength.
It is recommended that you assign this parameter with a lower value because the SDCCH
occupation time is shorter than the TCH occupation time.
[Filter Length for SDCCH Qual]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 2
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for averaging the SDCCH signal quality.
It is recommended that you assign this parameter with a lower value because the SDCCH
occupation time is shorter than the TCH occupation time.
[Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for averaging the signal strength in neighboring
cells. This parameter helps to avoid sharp drop of signal levelsand to ensure correct handover decisions.
Remarks: When this parameter is too large, the impact of sudden changes is reduced, and the response is delayed,
thus affecting the network performance.
[Filter Length for TA]
Value Range: 1~31
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the number of MRsused for TA averaging.
N-25
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Measure and Measurement
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
Handover Implementation
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-26
Penalty Processing
Intra-cell
HO
HO Fails
Emergency
(TA&BQ)HO
MS Fast
Moving
HO
Concentric
Cell HO
Penalty
Punish on the
target cell
Punish on the
original cell
Punish on other high
priority layer cells
AMR HO
Fails
There are several kinds of penalty process
Penalty on target cell when a HO fails.
Penalty on source cell when an emergency HO (BQ and TA ) is performed.
Penalty on other high priority layer cells after fast moving HO is performed.
Penalty for concentric cell HO
Penalty for intra-cell HO
Penalty for AMR HO
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Penalty for Handover Failure
Punish the target cell when a HO fails.
This is to avoid the MS to select this cell again in next HO judgment.
Cell A
BTS
HO Fail
BSC
Cell B
BTS
When MS fails to handover to a target cell, a penalty will be given on the signal level of
this target cell during a so called handover failure penalty time period. That is, when
ranking the neighbor cells in the cell list, the corresponding neighbor cell with a failure
record within the penalty time will be penalized by cutting certain value on the reported
signal level.
N-28
Data Configuration of Penalty for
Handover Failure
[Penalty Level after HO Fail]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 30
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given toa target
cell. A penalty level is given to a target cell to avoid further attempts when
a handover fails due to any of the following reasons:
Cell congestion
A message indicating internal handover refusal is received.
A message indicating Um interface handover failure is received during out-
going BSC handover.
A message indicating Um interface handover failure is received during internal
handover.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover
failure expires.
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Handover Failure
[RscPenaltyTimer]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the length of the penalty timer for handover failure
between adjacent cells due to cell congestion.
[UmPenaltyTimer]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 10
between adjacent cells due to failed air interface connection.
[CfgPenaltyTimer]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 255
between adjacent cells due to incorrect data configuration.
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Cell A
Cell B
BTS
BQ&TA HO
BSC
Penalty for Emergency Handover
Punish the original cell when an emergency HO ( due to BQ and TA)
occurs.
In case of BQ emergency handover, the original serving cell will be penalized (called
signal level penalty by BQ HO ), during BQ HO penalty time, to avoid MS to be handed
back to the original serving cell again within certain time.
It is the same for TA handover, i.e. the original serving cell is penalized (signal level
penalty by TA HO ) during TA HO penalty time.
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Emergency Handover
[Penalty Level after BQ HO]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 63
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given tothe original serving cell where emergency
handover is performed due to bad quality. After emergency handover is performed due to bad quality, the receive
level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and
handover to the original serving cell is not allowed.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover due to bad quality expires.
[Penalty Time after BQ HO (s)]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 15
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time given to the original serving cell where emergency
handover is performed due to bad quality. During the penalty time, the receive level of the original serving cell is
decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell
is not allowed.
N-32
Emergency Handover
[Penalty Level after TA HO]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 63
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty level given tothe original serving cell
where emergency handover is performed due to TA. After emergencyhandover is
performed due to TA, the receive level of the original serving cell is decreased by the
penalty level. Thus, other cells are given higher priority and handover to the original
serving cell is not allowed. This parameter is valid only beforethe penalty time of
handover due to TA expires.
[Penalty Time after TA HO(s)]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value:30
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time given to the original serving cell
where emergency handover is performed due to TA. During the penalty time, the receive
level of the original serving cell is decreased by the penalty level. Thus, other cells are
given higher priority and handover to the original serving cell is not allowed.
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Back? No way! Back? No way!
Umbrella
Micro cell
Penalty for MS Fast-moving Handover
Giving penalty on the other three layers(Non-umbrella Layer ) after MS
handovers to Umbrella cell by fast-moving-HO.
This is to keep MS staying in the umbrella cell and avoid frequent HO.
Purpose of such penalty: When MS crosses continuously several micro cells, it handover
to the umbrella cell with lower hierarchical priority level, to avoid too frequent handovers
which will affect the communication quality between those cells. At the same time, penalty
is started to avoid handover back to original cell again. A possible example is that a fast
moving car is running on a highway.
N-34
Data Configuration of Penalty for MS
Fast-moving Handover
[Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value:30
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty given to the level in a neighboring cell
when an MS is moving fast. Only the cells in the umbrella layer can give penalty to the
cells in other three layers.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of fast moving expires.
[Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 40
Description: This parameter indicates the period during which penalty is performed on
the neighboring cells of the fast moving MS. During this period, penalty on the
neighboring cells (on only the other three layers except the umbrella layer) of fast moving
MS is valid.
N-35
Underlaid
Overlaid
Do not attempt
again during
penalty time
after one failed
HO(O->U)!
Penalty for Concentric Cell
A new concentric cell HO is prohibited within a penalty time after a
concentric cell HO failure.
Do not
attempt again
after N failed
HO(U->O)!
Huawei concentric cell HO failure means the failure of handover from the Underlaid to the
Overlaid, or from the Overlaid to the Underlaid.
N-36
Concentric Cell
[Penalty Time after UtoOHO Fails(s)]
Value Range: 10~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value: 40
Description: After a UL to OL handover fails, no UL to OL handover
request is allowed before the penalty time expires.
[Penalty Time after OtoU HO Fails(s)]
Description: After an OL to UL handover fails, no OL to UL handover
request is allowed before the penalty time expires.
[MaxRetryTime after UtoOFail]
Value Range: 0~8 Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of UL to OL handover
failures. UL to OL handover is not allowed if the number of handover
failures reaches this threshold.
Remarks: When this parameter is set to 0, not this threshold but the
penalty time restricts the permission of handover.
N-37
Underlaid
Overlaid
Do not
attempt back
too fast!
Penalty for Enhanced Concentric Cell
A new UO HO is prohibited within a penalty time after a
OU HO is performed successfully.
This penalty is valid only for Enhanced Concentric Cell.
N-38
Enhanced Concentric Cell
[Penalty Time of UtoOHO(s)]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time for forbidding
ping-pong handovers. After an OL to UL handover is performed, UL to OL
handover is not allowed before the penalty time expires. If thisparameter
is set to 0, a UL to OL handover is allowed when required.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is
allowed.
N-39
Penalty for Intra-cell HO
A new intra-cell HO is prohibited if it occurs too frequently.
3 7 12 32 T (s) 0
Penalty time
Intra-cell
HO Time
2nd.
3rd.
4th.
Max. consecutive HO times: 3
Forbidden time after Max. times: 20s
Interval for consecutive HO Jud: 6s
1st.
Because of the co-channel interference and other interference, the voice
quality of a MS on certain frequency may lower than the handover
threshold, now, the voice quality can be satisfied if the MS hands over to
another frequency in the same cell. On the other side, the signaling flow of
this kind of intra-cell handover is less and handover successful ratio is
higher.
But under some specific condition (for example: several frequency are all
interfered in a cell), then continual intra-cell handover may occurred. So it
is necessary to control the frequency of intra-cell handover.
N-40
Intra-cell HO
[Max Consecutive HO Times]
Value Range:1~20
Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the maximum number of consecutive intra-cell
handovers allowed. If the interval of two continuous intra-cell handovers is less than a
specified threshold, the two handovers are regarded as consecutive handovers.Intra-cell
handover is forbidden if the number of consecutive handovers exceeds this threshold.
[Forbidden Time after Max Times]
Value Range: 1~200
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 20
Description: This parameter indicates the timer that starts whenthe threshold of
maximum consecutive intra-cell handovers is reached. Intra-cell handovers is allowed
only when the timer expires.
[Interval for Consecutive HO J ud.]
Value Range: 1~200
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 6
Description: This parameter indicates the period for judging whether two continuous
intra-cell handovers are consecutive.
N-41
Data Configuration of Penalty for AMR
FRHR Handover Failure
[Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fails(s)]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 30
Description: This parameter indicates the penalty time for AMR full rate
to half rate (FR-to-HR) handovers. Before the timer expires, no AMR FR-
to-HR handover request is allowed if the previous full-half handover fails
due to channel unavailability or channel mismatch.
N-42
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-43
Ranking Processing
M rule
K rule
Basic ranking
16 bits ranking
Network feature adjustment
The ranking result: target cell selection of handover
Ranking processing of cells are major parts of the HO judgment.
The ranking result is used for target cell selection of handover.
The ranking processing includes:
Basic ranking
M rule
K rule (Integrated with 16bits ranking, will be discussed together with 16bits ranking)
Network feature adjustment
16 bits ranking
N-44
M Rule
Begin
Finish to all
neighbor cells?
An BSC external neighboring
cell& the current channel is
SDCCH ?
No
Yes
Direct retry? [Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed]
(S) is Yes?
Delete the cell from
the cell list?
the cell overload ?
Yes No
Yes
No
RX_LEV_DL(n) < [Min DL Power
on HO Candidate Cell](n)+
[Min Access Level Offset](s->n)?
RX_LEV_UL(n) < [Min UP Power on
HO Candidate Cell](n)+
[Min Access Level Offset](s->n)?
Delete this cell from
the cell list
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
End
For service cell:
Min Access Level Offset=0
M rule will remove the neighbor
cells from the candidate cell list
according to the flow.
Yes
Yes
M rule will remove the cells from the candidate cell list according to the
following conditions:
Under the condition of non-direct retry, if Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowedis No, and
this is an external neighboring cell, and the current channel isSDCCH
If the cell is overload
RX_LEV_DL <Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell +Min Access Level Offset
RX_LEV_UL <Min UL Power on HO Candidate Cell +Min Access Level Offset
For service cell: Min Access Level Offset is 0.
N-45
Data Configuration of M Rule
[Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether an inter-BSC SDCCH
handover is allowed. An inter-BSC SDCCH handover is triggered when an
MS succeeds in requesting SDCCH but fails to request TCH in a BSC.
N-46
Data Configuration of M Rule
[Min UP Power on HO Candidate Cell]
Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBmto -47 dBm) Default Value: 10
Description: The M criterion supports the minimum value constraint of uplink received level of
the neighbor cell. Expected uplink level of the neighbor cell >=(the minimum uplink power of the
candidate cell for handover +the minimum access level offset)TheM criterion is satisfied only
when the expected downlink level of the neighbor cell >=(the minimum downlink power of the
candidate cell for handover +the minimum access level offset).0-63 with 0 indicating -110 dBm
and 63 indicating -47 dBm.
[Min DL Level on Candidate Cell]
Description: This parameter indicates the lower threshold of downlink receive level when a cell
becomes a candidate cell.
Remarks: This parameter must be appropriately specified. If it is too high, some desired cells may
be excluded from the candidate cells. If it is too low, an unwanted cell may become the target cell,
thus leading to handover failures or call drops. A cell can become a candidate cell only when the
receive level minus this parameter is greater than the minimum access level offset.
[Min Access Level Offset]
Value Range: 0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 0
Description: This offset is based on the Min DL level on Candidate Cell. For different adjacent
cells, different offsets can be defined. Only when the receivinglevel of an adjacent cell >Min DL
Level on Candidate Cell +Min Access Level Offset, then this cell become a candidate cell.
N-47
Network Feature Adjustment
After network feature adjustment, all the candidate cells have their own
16 bits value.
The smaller the value is, the higher the handover priority and position of
the cell are in the candidate cell list, then it is possible to be the
candidate cell.
The Lowest
W
eight
The Highest
Weight
16 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5 4
3
2
1
N-48
The 1
st
~3
rd
bits
The bit value indicates the priority of downlink receiving level according to
the cell signal level and the penalty process taking place beforehand.
The values come from max. 6 candidate cells and 1 serving cell
according to the level ranges from 000~110. The value for the cell with
the strongest signal level is 000, for the cell with second strongest signal
level is 001 and so on.
Actually that is the core of K rule.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N-49
The 4
th
bit: [Inter-cell HO hysteresis] bit.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
serving cell?
Always set to 0
No
RX_LEV_DL (n) >=
RX_LEV_DL (s) +
[Inter-cell HO hysteresis] (s->n) ?
Yes
Set to 0
Yes
Set to1
No
Service cell: always 0
Neighboring cell: when RX_LEV_DL (n) >=RX_LEV_DL (s) +
Inter-cell HO hysteresis, bit 4
th
is set to 0. Otherwise, set to 1
N-50
Data Configuration of Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the handover hysteresisbetween
adjacent cells of the same layer. The purpose of setting this parameter is to
reduce the "Ping-Pong" handovers. The value of this parameter is invalid if
cells are not on the same layer. 4 dB for populous urban areas and 8 dB for
suburbs.
N-51
The 5
th
~10
th
bits
The bit value is decided according to their position in Huawei hierarchical
network structure.
Huawei cell layers can be divided into 4 layers and each layer can be
further divided into 16 different priorities.
So there are 64 different priorities in Huawei hierarchical cell structure.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N-52
Hierarchical Cell Structure
GSM900 Cell
Micro Cell
Umbrella Cell GSM 900
GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800
GSM 900
GSM900 GSM900
GSM1800 GSM1800
GSM1800 Cell
GSM 900
GSM900 GSM900
GSM1800 GSM1800
Layer 4
low
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
high
The handover algorithm of Huawei divides the whole network into
four layers, each of which further divided into 16 levels. The lower
the layer is, the higher the handover priority level will be. The Micro
Celllayer has the highest priority level.
N-53
Data Configuration of Cell Hierarchical
Network Structure
[Cell Layer]
Value Range:1~4 (mapping to the PICO layer, the MICRO layer, theMACRO layer, and the
UMBRELLA layer)
Unit: Layer
Default Value: 3
Description: The framework of Huawei network is divided into four layers: Umbrella layer, Macro
layer, Micro layer, and Pico layer. Each layer is designed with 16 priorities. The Umbrella layer
refers to the GSM900 layer with a large coverage area. It implements the high-layer coverage and
the connection of MSsmoving at a high speed. The Macro layer carries most traffic onthe GSM900
band. The Micro layer carries most traffic on the DCS1800 band. It solves the problem of
insufficient resources. The Micro layer is a main cell layer for dual-band MSsin the future. The Pico
layer is a microcell layer on the GSM900 and DCS1800 bands. It meets the requirements for the
provisioning of traffic at hot spots and dead zones.
Remarks: You can set multiple priorities (a maximum of 16 priorities) for each layer. From the
aspect of traffic priority, if the layer and level of a cell is low, the priority is high.
[Cell Priority]
Value Range:1~16
Unit: Level
Default Value:1
Description: This parameter controls handover between cells at the same layer. Generally, the cells
at the same layer have the same priority. If the cells at the same layer have different priorities, the
cell with a smaller value has a higher priority.
N-54
The 11
th
bit: The bit value is decided by cell-load-sharing criterion.
This bit is affected by 14
th
bit.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
System load>=[System Flux Threshold for Load HO](s) or
[Load HO Allowed](s) =No ?
Yes 11
th
bit is
turned off
serving cell?
set to 0
No Yes
Cell load >= [Load
HO Threshold](s)?
set to 1 set to 1
cell load >=[ Load Req.
on Candidate Cell](n)?
set to 0
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
The 11
th
bit: bit value is decided by cell-load-sharing criterion. And this bit
will be turned off when the system load is higher than System Flux
Threshold for Load HO or Load HO Allowed is set to NO
Service cell: if cell load >=Load HO Threshold, bit 11
th
is set to 1.
Otherwise, set to 0
Neighboring cell: if cell load >=Load Rep. on Candidate Cell, bit 11
th
is
set to 1. Otherwise, set to 0
N-55
Data Configuration of Cell-load-sharing
[Load HO Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether a traffic load-sharing handover is allowed. Load-sharing
helps to reduce cell congestion, improve the success rate of assignment, and balance the traffic load among
cells. Load-sharing functions only within the same BSC or in cells of the same layer. It applies to only TCH.
If load handover is frequently required, TRX configuration and network planning should be properly
adjusted.
Remarks: In areas with tight frequency reuse, extra interferencemay occur if Load HO Allowed is set to
Yes.
[SystemFlux Threshold for Load HO]
Value Range: 0~11
Default Value: 10
Description: SystemFlux Threshold for Load HO is obtained basedon message load, CPU load, and so on.
The systemflow level is the current flow control level of the system.
0~11:It is the systemflux control level when the alarmmodule send out alarms information.
Level 11 is the highest and level 0 is the lowest.
A load handover is allowed only when the systemflow is lower than this threshold. Otherwise,
unexpected situations may occur. Therefore, this parameter must be set properly.
Flow control threshold for the CPU to start to discard the channel access messages and paging
messages: 80%
Flow control threshold for the CPU to discard all the channel access messages and paging
messages: 100%
CPU usage smaller than 80% corresponds to level 0. CPU usage equal to or greater than CPU
flow control threshold 80% corresponds to level 2.
An increase of 5% means an increase of 2 levels.
Level 10 is the highest. The level value can be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10.
N-56
Data Configuration of Cell-load-sharing
[Load HO Threshold]
Value Range: 0~100(%)
Default Value: 85
Description: When the load handover is switched on, it is recommended that the Load
HO Threshold is set to 85.The cell load refers to TCH usage. When the cell load
exceeds the value of Load HO Threshold, the BSC starts the load handover. That is, the
BSC starts the load handover after the TCH in the cell are proportionally occupied.
Remarks: Even if the Load HO Allowed is set to Yes, the Load HO Threshold and Load
Req. on Candidate Cell affect the queuing of the candidate cell handover. Therefore,
when the cell is overloaded, the handovers such as PBGT cannot be performed if this
parameter is not properly set.
[Load Req. on Candidate Cell]
Value Range: 0~100(%)
Default Value: 75
Description: If the cell load is lower than the value of this parameter, the cell accepts
users that are handed over to the cell due to their cell load. If the cell load is not lower
than the value of this parameter, the cell refuses the users.
Remarks: The same as that of Load HO Threshold
N-57
12
th
bit and 13
th
bit: Whether share the same BSC or MSC.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
serving cell?
No Yes
Both 12
th
and 13
th
set to 0
12
th
set to 1
13
th
set to 0
Is [Co-BSC/MSC Adj]
(s)yes?
Yes
No
Co-BSC?
Co-MSC?
No
Yes
12
th
set to 1
13
th
set to 1
No
Yes
Turn off
12
th
&13
th
bit
12
th
set to 0
13
th
set to 0
12
th
bit: if neighbor cell is co-BSC with the serving cell, 12
th
bit is set to 0.
Otherwise, set to 1
13
th
bit: if neighbor cell is co-MSC with the serving cell, 13
th
bit is set to 0.
Otherwise, set to 1
Service cell: is always set to 0
These two bits will be turned off when Co-BSC/MSC Adj. is set to NO
N-58
Data Configuration of Co-BSC&MSC
[Co-BSC/MSC Adj]
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the sequence of candidate
cells is adjusted. After the sequence is adjusted, the handover within the
same BSC/MSC takes priority.
N-59
The 14
th
bit: [Inter-layer HO Threshold/Hysteresis] adjustment bit.
14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
The 15
th
/16
th
bits are reserved
Yes
serving cell?
set to 0
No Yes
Bit 14
th
set to 1, and bit
5
th
~13
th
are turned off
set to 0
Yes
RX_LEV_DL >= [Inter-layer HO
Threshold](s) [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s)?
RX_LEV_DL >= [Inter-layer HO
Threshold](n) + [Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s->n)?
No
No
The 14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit
Serving cell: RX_LEV_DL >=Inter-layer HO Threshold Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis, bit 14
th
is set to 0
Neighboring cell: RX_LEV_DL >=Inter-layer HO Threshold +Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis, bit 14
th
is set to 0.
If the above criterion is not met, then bit 14
th
is set to 1.
At the same time, bit 5
th
- 13
th
bits are turned off.
The 15
th
/16
th
bits are reserved
N-60
Data Configuration of Layer HO
Threshold Adjustment
[Inter-layer HO Threshold]
Value Range: 0~63(-110 dBmto -47 dBm)
Default Value: 25
Description: In BSC handover algorithm, the M criterion is used to rank the handover
candidate cells. The M criterion includes 16 bits. This parameter is one bit of the 16 bits
and it affects the rank of a candidate cell. When the downlink level of a cell is lower than
this threshold, the cell takes low priority as far as comprehensive sequence is concerned.
Remarks: Make sure that the receive level of the destination cell is higher than this
threshold in inter-layer handover or load handover. Otherwise, the MS may be handed
from a cell with heavy load and high level (high priority cell) to a cell with light load and
low level (low priority cell), thus leading to call drops.
[Inter-layer HO Hysteresis]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the hysteresisof an inter-layer or inter-priority
handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers. Actual Inter-layer HO
Threshold of a serving cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold C Inter-layer HO hysteresisActual
Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold +Inter-layer
HO hysteresis
N-61
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-62
No DL MR HO
Serving Cell Neighboring Cell
When the quality of Um interface become worse and worse, it is for
the worse uplink quality that MS can not deliver downlink MR, while
the downlink quality is not bad enough for MS to receive the
downlink message normally.
Bad
uplink
quality
When the quality of Um interface become worse and worse, it is for the worse
uplinkquality that MS can not deliver downlink MR, while the downlink quality
is not bad enough for MS to receive the downlink message normally. Under this
kind of urgency condition, in order to save this call, the network send handover
command to MS.
N-63
Position of No DL MR HO
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
No DL MR HO
Attention: After MR. Preprocessing, the No DL MR handover is triggered if trigger condition is satisfied.
N-64
No DL MR HO
Begin
Report 1 DL MR at least?
[No Dl Mr. HO
Allowed](s) Yes ?
<=[Cons.No Dl Mr.
Ho Allowed Limit](s)?
serving cell?
Select the candidate cell
with the highest priority,
exluding serving cell
Trigger
No DL Mr. HO
No
End
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
signal quality filter length:
For TCH:[Filter Length for TCH Qual]
For SDCCH:[Filter Length for SDCCH Qual]
No Dl Mr. in
current Mr.?
Yes
UL_Qua. (after filtering)
>=[No Dl Mr.Ul Qual
HO Limit](s)?
Yes
Only one
cadidate cell?
Within Penalty Time
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
[Intracell HO Allowed](s)?
Yes
No
No
Triggering condition
No DL information in current MR
Stored UL Rx_Qual Value Number >=Filter Length for TCH/SDCCH Qual
UL Rx_Qual >=No DL MR HO UL Rx_Qual Threshold
Number of Lost DL MR <Cons. No DL MR HO Allowed Limit
Object cell selection
Prefer neighboring cell
If choose the service cell, it cannot in the penalty time for intra-cell handover.
N-65
Data Configuration of No DL MR HO
[No Dl Mr. HO Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter is used to control the handover algorithm without downlink
measurement report. If this parameter is set to 0, the no handover algorithm without downlink
measurement report is disabled. Therefore, handover decision without downlink measurement report
is not allowed in this cell. If this parameter is set to 1, the no downlink measurement report handover
algorithm is enabled. Therefore, handover decision without downlink measurement report is allowed
in this cell.
[No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit]
Value Range: 0~70 (mapping to RQ (0~7)10)
Default Value: 60
Description: This parameter indicates the uplink receive qualitythreshold of triggering an
emergency handover when no measurement result on downlink channels is contained in the MR.
The emergency handover is allowed only when the filtered uplink receive quality crossed this
threshold. When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. Intra-cell
handover, however, is triggered if no candidate cell is available and intra-cell handovers are allowed.
[Cons. No Dl Mr. HO Allowed Limit]
Value Range: 0~64
Default Value: 8
Description: This parameter indicates the upper threshold of consecutive MRscontaining no
downlink measurement result for a call. Each call is configured with a global timer, which counts
the number of consecutive MRscontaining no downlink measurement. When the timer exceeds this
threshold, the handover is disabled and the timer is reset.
N-66
TA(Time Advance) HO
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
[TA Threshold](s)
Time
TA(s)
Handover
Triggering
[TA Threshold](n)
or
Handover Triggering Zone
TA(n)
Because a MS is far away from its serving BTS, the practice TA value is
more than TA threshold configured in data configuration, TA handover is
triggered.
N-67
TA(Time Advance) HO
Trigger
TA handover
Begin
The actual TA >=
[TA Threshold](s)?
[TA HO Allowed]
Yes ?
Any neighbour cell
exist?
serving cell?
Select the cell with the
highest priority in the
cadidate cell list
Suitable cell
exist?
Yes
No
End
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
[TA Threshold]
(n,in the same BTS)
<= [TA Threshold](s)
The actual TA >=TA Threshold
The cell must be of the highest priority in the candidate cell sequence and meet
the following restrictions.
Restriction
The service cell cannot be the object cell.
HO is not allowed when TA Threshold of the neighboring cell withthe same
BTS is equal or smaller than that of the service cell.
N-68
Data Configuration of TA HO
[TA HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether a Timing Advance (TA)
handover is allowed. A TA handover is triggered when the TA is higher
than the triggering threshold. TA is calculated based on the distance
between the MS and the BTS. The longer the distance is, the greater the
TA is.
[TA Threshold]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Bit period (A bit period corresponds to 0.55 km.)
Default Value: 255
Description: This parameter indicates the TA threshold of triggering
emergency handover. Emergency handover is triggered when TA is equal
to or greater than this threshold.
N-69
Interference Handover
Lev_Thr
Rx_Qual
RX_Lev
Qual_Thr
Interference
Origin
Serving Cell Neighboring Cell
Handover Triggering
Zone
For a MS or a BTS, when the receiving quality is lower than the
interference quality threshold and receiving level is higher than the
interference level threshold, it is considered that interferenceexists in
serving cell, so interference handover is triggered.
N-70
Interference HO
Begin
UL or DL receiving
Quality(s)>=A?
[Interference HO
Allowed] Yes ?
Any neighbour cell
exist?
serving cell?
cadidate cell list
Rx_Level(n)>=
[Inter-layer HO Threshold](n) +
[Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s->n)?
Yes
No
End
No
No
Yes
No
No Yes
None AMR FR:
A = RXQUALn, 1<=n<=12
AMR FR:
A = RXQUAL1, n=1;
A = RXQUALn + RXLEVoff, 2<=n<=12
[Intracell HO Allowed](s) yes
& cell not punished?
Any suitable cell
exist?
Trigger
interference handover
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
UL/DL receiving quality>=A
None AMR FR
A =RXQUALn, 1<=n<=12
AMR FR
A =RXQUAL1, n=1; A =RXQUALn+RXLEVoff, 2<=n<=12
The cells must be of the highest priority in the candidate cell sequence and meet the following restrictions.
Restriction
The service cell that is not in the penalty time for intra-cell handover.
The neighboring cell with the receiving level higher than the inter layer HO Thrsh+Hysteresis.
For none AMR FR, if one of the following conditions is met, the systemwill judge that interference occur:
1. Rx_lev<=30, and Rx_qual >RXQUAL 1
2. Rx_lev=31, and Rx_qual >RXQUAL 2
3. Rx_levis within [32,35], and Rx_qual >RXQUAL3
4. Rx_levis within [36,38], and Rx_qual >RXQUAL 4
12. Rx_lev>=63, and Rx_qual >RXQUAL12
N-71
Data Configuration of Interference HO
50 >=63 RXQUAL12
51 59~62 RXQUAL11
52 56~58 RXQUAL10
53 53~55 RXQUAL9
54 49~52 RXQUAL8
55 46~48 RXQUAL7
56 42~45 RXQUAL6
57 39~41 RXQUAL5
58 36~38 RXQUAL4
59 32~35 RXQUAL3
60 =31 RXQUAL2
70 <=30 RXQUAL1
Receiving Quality Receiving Level(-110dBm)
Parameter
Default Value
N-72
Data Configuration of Interference HO
[Interference HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether an interference handover is allowed. An
interference handover is triggered when the receive level is higher than the receive
threshold, but the transmission quality is lower than the handover triggering threshold.
Remarks: Both downlink and uplink interference is judged, and inter-cell handover takes
priority. If no target cell is available, intra-cell interference handover can be implemented
in the serving cell if intra-cell handovers are allowed.
[RXQUAL1] ~[RXQUAL12]
Value Range: 0~70
Description: Quality threshold 1~12 for the interference handover of nonCAMR FR
voice services. The value corresponds to (quality level 0~7) x 10.See the next slide
[RXLEVOff]
Value Range: 0~70
Default Value: 5
Description: The quality level offset of the interface handover of the AMR FR service
relative to non-AMR services or the AMR HR service (x 10).
N-73
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Rx_Level_DropHO will be triggered when receiving level drops fast
because of barrier such as high building.
N-74
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Begin
Satisfy the Formula&
The latest RX_LEV_UL(s) <
[Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold](s)?
[Rx_Level_Drop HO
Allowed] Yes ?
Any neighbour cell
exist?
serving cell?
cadidate cell list
Yes
No
End
No
No
Yes
No Yes
Formula:
Is priority higher than
serving cell?
Trigger
Rx_Level_Drop handover
Yes
Yes
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B X A X A X A X A
X A X A X A X A
< + + +
+ + + +
8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5
4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10
End
No
The lastest RX_LEV_UL <Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
C1nt=(A1-10)X1(A2-10)X2+(A3-10)X3(A8-10)X8<B
The neighboring cell with the highest priority and whose priority is higher than that of the service cell in the
candidate cell group.
Restriction
Filter Parameter A1A8 and Filter Parameter B work together to decide whether the rapiddrop
of the receive level must be reflected in one or multiple MRs.
The conditions to trigger a rapid level dropping handover are asfollows;
C1nt=(A1-10)X1(A2-10)X2+(A3-10)X3(A8-10)X8
In the algorithm above, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 indicate the uplink receive levels of
the last eight MRsin the queue.
Filter Parameter A1A8 must meet the following conditions:
A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8=80
For example, if you want to reflect the rapid drop of the cell level in a MR, you can set A3A8
equal to 10, A1 to 0, and A2 to 20.
N-75
Data Configuration of Rx_Level_Drop HO
[Rx_Level_DropHO Allowed]
Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No
Description: The parameter indicates whether the emergency handover algorithmis allowed. The emergency handover
algorithmis used to prevent call drops when the receive level of the MS drops rapidly. Generally this algorithmis not enabled
until the conditions are met. To enable this algorithm, original MR is required for the BSC.
[Filter Parameter A1~A8]
Description: Filter Parameter A1~A8 and Filter Parameter B work together to decide whether the rapid drop of the receive
level must be reflected in one or multiple MRs. The conditions to trigger a rapid level dropping handover are as follows; In the
algorithmabove, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8 indicate theuplink receive levels of the last eight MRsin the queue.
Filter Parameter A1~A8 must meet the following conditions: A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6+A7+A8=80. For example, if you want
to reflect the rapid drop of the cell level in a MR, you can set A3-A8 to greater than 10, A1 to 0, and A2 to 20.
[Filter Parameter B]
Description: This is one of the parameters that determine whether a handover is required due to fast dropping levels.This
parameter indicates the drop trend of the receive level within aperiod. The greater the parameter B is, a more rapid level dropis
required for triggering a rapid level dropping handover.SeeFilter Parameter A1-A8.
[Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold]
Description: The parameter indicates the uplink receive level threshold of anedge handover. An edge handover will be
triggered if the uplink receive level is constantly lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a period longer than Edge HO
Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can
be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must beproperly specified to avoid overlapping coverage and
channel interference. This parameter should be adjusted based onthe performance statistics and actual networks to achieve
uplink-downlink balance.
Remarks: Edge handover uplink/downlink receive level threshold <Uplink/downlink signal strength lower limit of HUAWEI
II power control
N-76
BQ(Bad Quality) HO
Begin
Is [BQ HO Allowed]
Yes ?
Any neighbour cell
exist?
serving cell?
cadidate cell list
Yes
No
End
No
No
Yes
No Yes
Yes
UL_Rx_Q(s)>=[UL Qual.
Threshold](s) or DL_Rx_Q(s)
>=[DL Qual. Threshold](s)?
RX_LEV_DL (n) > RX_LEV_DL (s)
+ Inter-cell HO hysteresis(s->n)
-BQ HO Margin(s->n) ?
[Intracell HO Allowed](s) yes
& cell not punished?
Suitable cell
exist?
Trigger
BQ handover
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
When the receiving level of a MS or a BTS is lower than the quality
threshold, bad quality handover will be triggered.
UL receiving quality >=UL Qual. Threshold
OR DL receiving quality >=DL Qual. Threshold
For AMR call, the quality threshold is DL/UL Qual. Limit AMR FR/HR
The cells must be of the highest priority in the candidate cell sequence and
meet the following restrictions.
Restriction
Prefer neighboring cell. If the number of neighboring cell is more than one, it
is required that RX_LEV_DL (n) >RX_LEV_DL (s) +Inter-cell HO
hysteresis- BQ HO Zone
If there is no neighboring cell, handover can occur to the service cell, and the
channel at different frequency band, different MA, different TRX or different
channel (from left to right) is preference.
N-77
Data Configuration of BQ HO
[BQ HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether a Bad Quality (BQ) handover is allowed. BQ handover is
triggered when Bit Error Ratio (BER) over uplink/downlink channels is higher than the triggering threshold. If
BER rises, or signal strength drops, suspect that the signal power is low or channel interference increases.
Remarks: Inter-cell BQ handover is preferentially performed. If no target cell is available, intra-cell BQ
handover can be implemented in the serving cell if intra-cell handovers are allowed.
[DL Qual. Threshold]
Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0~7) 10)
Default Value: 60
Description: This parameter indicates the downlink receive quality threshold of triggering an emergency
handover. When the receive quality of the downlink is greater than DL Qual Threshold, an emergency handover
is triggered. When frequency hopping or DTX of the cell is enabled, it is recommended that you set this
parameter to 70. When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. An intra-cell
[UL Qual. Threshold]
Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0~7)10)
Default Value: 60
Description: This parameter indicates the uplink receive qualitythreshold of triggering an emergency handover.
When the receive quality of the uplink is greater than UL Qual Threshold, an emergency handover is triggered
due to bad quality. When frequency hopping or DTX of the cell isenabled, it is recommended that you set this
parameter to 70.When an emergency handover is triggered, inter-cell handover takes priority. An intra-cell
N-78
[DL/UL QuaLimitAMRFR]
Value Range: 0~70
Default Value: 65
Description: This parameter indicates the urgent switchover downlink/uplink quality
control for the AMR FR service. The values of this parameter match quality levels 0-7
multiplying 10. The urgent switchover is triggered only when thedownlink/uplink
receiving quality of the MS is greater than the switchover threshold, that is, the receiving
quality is poor.
[DL/UL QuaLimitAMRHR]
Value Range: 0~70
Default Value: 60
Description: This parameter indicates the urgent switchover downlink quality control for
the AMR HR service. The values of this parameter match quality levels 0-7 multiplying
10. The urgent switchover is triggered only when the downlink receiving quality of the
MS is greater than the switchover threshold, that is, the receiving quality is poor.
N-79
[BQ HO Margin]
Value Range: 0~127 (-64 dB to +63 dB)
Default Value: 69
Description: A Margin in BQ handover algorithm used to judge whether
to perform BQ handover. When BQ Handover Allowed is set to Yes and
Inter-cell HO Hysteresis>"Inter-cell HO Hysteresis-BQ HO Margin", the
Inter-cell HO Hysteresiswill act instead of the BQ HO Margin. When
"Inter-cell HO Hysteresis-BQ HO Margin" is assigned with a value smaller
than 64, MS can hand over to a lower level neighboring cell. 69 for popular
urban areas, 72 for suburbs.
Remarks: If the data is updated from M900/M1800 BSC to HUAWEI
BSC6000,the default value of this parameter is 5.Then it's necessary to
modify the value of this parameter to 69,otherwise the BQ HO algorithm
will be invalid.
N-80
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-81
Two single band cells which are configured as bi-directional neighbor
cell relationship can be configured as enhanced dual band cell to each
other.
Purpose
During the procedure of channel assignment and handover, the
two single band cells can share their resource.
Assign the channel with low load in UL to MS preferentially.
Make MS handover from the high load cell to the low load cell.
N-82
Channel Assignment of Enhanced Dual Band
RX_LEV_OL>= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)](o) and
RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
Attention:
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer
with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm
If [ATCBHoSwitch] is [Close], the second condition is turn off.
A:
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in UL)
Begin
from UL
[Assignment Optimization
of UL Subcell Allowed
or not] (u) ?
Cell load of UL >
[UL Subcell General
Overload Threshold(%)](u)?
Yes
A
Yes
No
Any idle TCH
Available in OL?
Assign TCH
in OL
Yes
No
Yes
Assign TCH in UL
or direct retry identification
or queuing
No
No
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in underlaid)
If Assignment Optimization of UL Subcell Allowed or not is set to NO, assign
TCH in underlaidas the normal assignment procedure
If Assignment Optimization of UL Subcell Allowed or not is set to YES,
assign TCH in overlaid when the following conditions are met
Cell load of underlaid>UL Subcell General Overload Threshold
RX_LEV_OL >=Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold
RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >Distance Between Boundaries of UL and
OL SubcellsDistance HysteresisBetween Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcell(dB)
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has
the same frequency band and layer with underlaidsubcell, but locates
in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm
N-83
Data Configuration of Channel
Assignment
[ATCBHoSwitch]
Value Range: Close, Open
Default Value: Open
Description: The switch of the ATCB handover algorithm.
[Assignment Optimization of UL Subcell AlloweredOr Not]
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the access request originated in the underlaid
subcell is preferably assigned between overlaid subcell cell and underlaidsubcell cell according to
the Out Cell Low Load Thred.
[UL Subcell General OverLoadThreshold(%)]
Value Range: 0~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 80
Description: If the ratio of underlaidsubcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this
parameter, some calls in the underlaidsubcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell. Moreover,
calls originated in the underlaidsubcell are preferably assigned to the channel in overlaid subcell.
N-84
Assignment
[Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB)]
Value Range:0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell and
underlaidsubcell. The value of this parameter is comparative. The greater the value is, the
longer the distance is. The enhanced dual-band network handover algorithm refers to the
boundary between underlaidsubcell and overlaid subcell based on the comparative value
of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring cell. Supposethe signal strength of
serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in
the underlaidsubcell boundary. If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value
of Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB), the cell is in the overlaid
subcell.
[IncmingOL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 30
Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the
handover from underlaidsubcell to overlaid subcell. When the MS receive level is higher
than the value of this parameter, the BSC allows the handover of overlaid subcell cell.
N-85
Begin
from OL
[Assignment Optimization
of OL Subcell Allowed or
not ](o) No ?
Cell load of UL<
[UL Subcell Lower
Load Threshold](u)?
Yes
Yes
No
Assign TCH
in UL
Any idle TCH
Available in UL?
Assign TCH
in UL
Any idle TCH
Available in OL?
Assign TCH
in OL
Yes
No
Yes
Assign TCH in OL
or direct retry identification
or queuing
No
No
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in OL)
Channel Assignment of Enhanced Dual Band
TCH assignment (SDCCH channel in overlaid)
If Assignment Optimization of OL Subcell Allowed or not is set to NO, assign
TCH in overlaid as the normal assignment procedure
If Assignment Optimization of OL Subcell Allowed or not is set to YES
Assign TCH in underlaid, if cell load of underlaid<UL Subcell Lower Load
Threshold
Assign TCH in overlaid, if cell load of underlaid>=UL Subcell Lower Load
Threshold
N-86
Assignment
[UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%)]
Value Range: 0~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 50
Description: If the underlaidsubcell channel occupancy ratio is smaller
than the value of this parameter, some calls of the overlaid subcell is
handed over to the underlaidsubcell. Moreover, the MS that requests for
the overlaid subcell channel is preferably assigned to the underlaidsubcell
channel.
[Assignment Optimization of OL Subcell AlloweredOr Not]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether the channel request in the
overlaid subcell is preferably assigned between overlaid subcell and
underlaidsubcell according to the Out Cell Low Load Thred.
N-87
Classification of TCH HO in enhanced dual band HO
OL to UL
for low load in UL
UL to OL
for high load in UL
OL to UL for moving
There are three kinds of handover for enhanced dual band network:
UL to OL for high load in UL
OL to UL for moving
OL to UL for low load in UL
N-88
Enhanced Dual Band HO(UO )
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from UL to OL for high load in UL
The order of handover is from the MS who is near the OL to the MS who is
far away from OL.
N-89
Enhanced Dual Band HO(UO )
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from UL to OL for high load in UL
RX_LEV_OL >= [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)] (o)and
RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) > [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
A:
Cell load of UL>=[UL Subcell
Serious Overload Threshold(%)](u)?
Begin
[Load HO From UL Subcell
to OL Subcell Allowed](u) Yes ?
Cell load of UL>=[UL Subcell
General Overload Threshold(%)](u)?
No
A & Satisfy P/N &
not within penalty time?
Trigger
UL to OL
Yes
No
Adjust HO zone basing
on HO step and HO period
Refresh cell load
per second
B B-C
Yes
Any MS in HO zone?
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes No
End
Cell load of OL>=
[Inner Cell Serious Overload
Threshold(%)](o)?
Yes
No
B=[UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)]
C=[Modified Step Length of UL Load HO Period(s)]
HO step: [Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB)]
HO zone: [Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)]~-47dBm
HO Period: [UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)]
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from underlaidto overlaid
Load HO of UL Subcell to OL Subcell Enable is YES
Cell load of underlaid>UL Subcell General Overload Threshold
RX_LEV_OL >=Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold
RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcells(dB)
Satisfying P/N rule
HO zone is from Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold to -47dBm
Attention:
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer with underlaid
subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm
N-90
Data Configuration of Enhanced Dual
Band HO(UO )
[UL Subcell General OverLoadThreshold(%)]
Value Range: 0~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 80
Description: If the ratio of underlaidsubcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, some calls in
the underlaidsubcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell. Moreover, calls originated in the underlaidsubcell are
preferably assigned to the channel in overlaid subcell.
[UL Subcell Serious OverLoadThreshold(%)]
Value Range: 0~100
Unit: %
Default Value: 90
Description: If the ratio of the underlaidcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, the period of
handover fromunderlaidsubcell to overlaid subcell is reduced by the value of Out Cell Load HO Modify Step every
second based on the value of Out Cell Load Classification HO Period. Thus the handover fromunderlaidsubcell to the
overlaid subcell speeds up.
[Load HO FromUL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: When the ratio of underlaidsubcell channel occupancy is high, whether some calls in the overlaid subcell
are allowed to be handed over to the overlaid subcell.
[IncmingOL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 30
Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the handover fromunderlaid
subcell to overlaid subcell. When the MS receive level is higher than the value of this parameter, the BSC allows the
handover of overlaid subcell cell.
N-91
Band HO(UO )
[UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s)]
Description: This parameter indicates the period of the hierarchical handover fromunderlaidsubcell to
overlaid subcell. When the ratio of underlaidsubcell cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of En
IuoOut Cell General OverLoadThred, all the calls in the cell request for handover at the same time. The BSC
load is sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell is congested. Therefore the algorithm
of hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the cell hierarchically to the overlaid subcell.This
parameter indicates the time duration of every hierarchical handover.
[Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB)]
Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the hierarchical handover fromunderlaidsubcell to
overlaid subcell.
[Modified Step Lenghthof UL Load HO Period(s)]
Description: If underlaidsubcell load is higher than the value of Out Cell Serious OverLoadThred, the period
of handover fromunderlaidsubcell cell to overlaid subcell cell is shortened by the value of Out Cell Serious
OverLoadThredevery second based on the value of the Out Cell Load classification HO Period.
[Total Number of ]
Description: P/N criterion: In P measurement reports, N measurement results meet handover requirements.
Handover is started. This parameter indicates the P in P/N criterion.
[Satisfy Condition Time]
Handover is started. This parameter indicates the N in P/N criterion.
N-92
Enhanced Dual Band HO(OU )
Triggering condition for TCH HO from OL to UL for moving
RX_LEV_OL <[Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)](o) or
RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) < [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
[Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
A:
Satisfy P/N?
Begin
A
Yes
End
Trigger
OL to UL
Yes
Select Neighbor cell
with the highest priority
No
Yes
No
[Inner Cell Edge HO
Enable] (o)Yes ?
RX_LEV_OL < RX_LEV_UL
Yes
No
No
Triggering condition for TCH Moving HO from overlaid to underlaid
RX_LEV_OL <Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold
OR RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) <Distance Between Boundaries of UL and
OL Subcells(dB) - Distance HysteresisBetween Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcells(dB)
Satisfying P/N rule
The cell with highest priority. It could be underlaidsubcell or normal
neighboring cell
Attention:
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer with underlaid
subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm
N-93
Band HO(OU )
[Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB)]
Value Range:0~63 Unit: dB Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell and underlaidsubcell. The value
of this parameter is comparative. The greater the value is, the longer the distance is. The enhanced dual-band
network handover algorithmrefers to the boundary between underlaidsubcell and overlaid subcell based on the
comparative value of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring cell. Suppose the signal strength of serving
cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in the underlaidsubcell boundary.
If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between boundaries of UL And OL
Subcells(dB), the cell is in the overlaid subcell.
[Distance HysterisisBetween Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell(dB)]
Description: To prevent ping-pong handover, the BSC determines whether the handover of the MSfrom
overlaid subcell cell to underlaidsubcell cell based on the value of this parameter. Suppose the signal strength of
serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell SS(n). If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is smaller than the value of
Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary - Distance Hyst Between Out And Inn Cell boundary, the MS
handover fromoverlaid subcell cell to underlaidsubcell cell is allowed.
[Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB)]
Description: This parameter indicates the lowest threshold of overlaid subcell level of the handover from
overlaid subcell to underlaidsubcell. When the MS receive level is lower than the value of this parameter, the
BSC allows the handover fromoverlaid subcell cell to underlaidsubcell.
[Total Number of ]
Handover is started. This parameter indicates the P in P/N criterion.
[Satisfy Condition Time]
Handover is started. This parameter indicates the N in P/N criterion.
N-94
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from OL to UL for low load in UL
The order of handover is from the MS who is near the UL to the MS who is
far away from UL.
N-95
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from OL to UL for low load in UL
HO zone: [Outgoing OL Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)](o) ~ -47dBm
HO step: [Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB)](o)
A: RX_LEV_UL >= Inter-layer HO Threshold(u) + Inter-layer HO Hysteresis(o->u)
Begin
[Load HO of OL Subcell
to UL Subcell Enable](o) Yes ?
Cell load of UL <[UL Subcell
Lower Load Threshold(%)](u)?
Yes
No
End
Satisfy P/N?
Yes
No
Refresh cell load
per second
The object cell must be
the underlaid subcell
and satisfy condition A
Any MS in HO zone?
Yes
Trigger OL to UL
No
Yes
No
Triggering condition for TCH Load HO from overlaid to
underlaid
Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enable is YES
Cell load of underlaid<UL Subcell Lower Overload Threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
HO zone is from Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold to -47dBm
The object cell must be the underlaidsubcell
RX_LEV_UL >=Inter-layer HO Threshold +Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
N-96
Band HO(OU )
[Out Cell Low Load Thred]
Value Range: 0~100 Unit: % Default Value: 50
Description: If the underlaidsubcell channel occupancy ratio is smaller than the value of this
parameter, some calls of the overlaid subcell is handed over to the underlaidsubcell. Moreover, the
MS that requests for the overlaid subcell channel is preferably assigned to the underlaidsubcell.
[Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enable]
Description: This parameter indicates whether the load handover from overlaid subcell to underlaid
subcell is allowed.
[OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period(s)]
Value Range: 1~255 Unit: Seconds Default Value:10
Description: This parameter indicates the period of the hierarchical handover from underlaid
subcell to overlaid subcell.Whenthe ratio of overlaid subcell cell channel occupancy is greater than
the value of En IuoOut Cell General OverLoadThred, all the calls in the cell request for handover
at the same time. The BSC load is sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell
is congested. Therefore the algorithm of hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the
cell hierarchically to the underlaidsubcell.Thisparameter indicates the time duration of every
hierarchical handover.
[Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB)]
Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the loadhandover from overlaid subcell to
underlaidsubcell.
N-97
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-98
Load HO
Handover triggering zone
[Load HO Threshold]
Time
Load of Serving Cell
[Load Req. on Candidate Cell]
Load of Neighboring Cell
Congested Cell
Congested Cell
Congested Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
N-99
Load HO
As load HO may trigger several HOs, we need to consider the
CPU load (system flow level) before triggering it. In addition,
load HO is executed step by step, that is, the edge HO thrsh.
raises according to certain step and period and will stop when
out of the Load HO Zone.
A handover band is defined in load handover, in the range of edge handover threshold ~
edge handover threshold +load handover bandwidth. The handover band itself is divided
into multiple equalized handover step sizes, MS (falling within edge handover threshold +
N*handover step sizes) are handover to adjacent cells one by one from low to high. Once
load of the serving cell decreases (as lower than the load handover start threshold) or
load of the adjacent cell increases to a certain extent (as higher than the load handover
received threshold), the handover stops.
Load handover is an emergency measure, which mainly applicable to abnormal traffic
peak in part of the radio network. It should not be used as the major means to solve the
traffic congestion problem. If load handover always occurs to some area of a network,
TRX re-configuration and network topology re-design is the right way.
Related parameters: Handover - [Load handover table]
System flux Thrsh. for load HO
Load HO Thrsh.
Load HO Req. on candidate cell
Load handover bandwidth (dB)
Load HO step level (dB)
Load HO step period (second)
N-100
Load HO
Congested Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
Normal Cell
The handover bandwidth is gradually wider and wider.
N-101
Load HO
Begin
[Load HO Allowed] (s)
Yes ?
BSC internal cell?
Select the cell with the highest
priority in the cadidate cell list
End
No
No
Yes
No Yes
Yes
Current system flux<=
[System Flux Threshold
for Load HO](s)?
C & D
Suitable cell
exist?
Trigger
load handover
Yes
Yes
Yes
End
No
Load of service cell >=
[Load HO Threshold](s)?
Yes
No
Yes
Load HO timer
T overflow?
Yes
Step
Period
T
+ ) 1 ( [Load HO Bandwidth](s)
B
Yes
serving cell?
No
No
B: [Edge HO_DL_RX_LEV Threshod](s)<DL_RX_Lev(s)
< [Edge HO_DL_RX_LEV Threshod](s)+A
C: RX_LEV (n)>= [Inter-layer HO Threshold](n) +
[Inter-layer HO Hysteresis](s->n)
D: load(n)< Load Req. on Candidate Cell(n)
Step: [Load HO Step Level](s)
Period: [Load HO Step Period](s)
C
No
A=
No
Yes
Load HO timer
T begin?
No
No
Star timer T
Period
Step
T A Step ) 1
Bandwidth] HO [Load
( 0 Bandwidth] HO [Load A T
Yes
A=
The CPU load of system <=SystemFlux Threshold for Load HO
The load of service cell >=Load HO Threshold
The DL receiving level is in the load HO zones
The service cell cannot be the object cell
If the service cell is a enhanced dual band cell, the other cell in this group
cannot be the object cell
The load of object cell <Load Req. on Candidate Cell (Only valid for internal
neighboring cell)
RX_LEV of object cell >=Inter-layer HO Threshold +Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis
Restriction
It is not available with SDCCH.
N-102
Data Configuration of Load HO
[Load HO Bandwidth]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 25
Description: Together with Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold, this parameter indicates whether a load handover
is allowed. Only when the receive level of the serving cell is within the range of (Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold,
Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold +Load HO bandwidth), a load handover is allowed.
[Load HO Step Period]
Value Range:1~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the period required for each level of load handover. When the load of the
cell is equal to or greater than the Load HO Thrsh, all connections in the cell may send handover requests
simultaneously, thus leading to sudden increase of CPU load and possible call drops when the target cell is
congested. Therefore, these requests are divided into steps based on the receive strength.
[Load HO Step Level]
Value Range: 1~63
Unit: dB
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the bandwidth of each stepduring level-based load handover. In a layer
load handover, starting fromthe Downlink Edge Handover Threshold, the upper limit of the load handover band
of increases by a Layer Load Handover Step every one Layer Load Handover Period. Go on like this, all calls
whose receive levels are between Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold and Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold +Load HO
bandwidth in the current serving cell are switched out through level by level handover.
Remarks: This parameter must be less than Load HO Bandwidth.
N-103
General HO Process
MS Goes into New
Dedicated Mode
MS Goes into
Dedicated Mode
Result Report
1
MR. Preprocessing 2
Handover Judgment
3
4
TA HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Bad Quality HO
Load HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
AMR HO
No DL MR HO
Concentric Cell HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Penalty Processing
Ranking Processing
OM Forced HO
Direct Retry
Emergency HO
Normal HO
N-104
Edge Handover
Handover
Triggering
P/N
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
P: Watch Time
N: Valid Time
RX_LEV Thr
Time
RX_Lev
As a MS moves to the edge of a cell, when the receiving level of MS or
BTS is lower than the edge handover threshold, handover is triggered in
order to look for a better serving cell.
N-105
Edge HO
Begin
[Fringe HO Allowed](s)
Yes ?
End
No
Yes
Yes
UL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO
UL RX_LEV Threshod](s)?
Yes
Any neighbor cell?
No
Refresh
its timer
Yes
Satisfy P/N rule(s)?
DL_Rx_Lev(s) < [Edge HO
DL RX_LEV Threshod](s)?
No
Refresh
its timer
Yes
Satisfy P/N rule(s)?
No
Select cell(n) whose 16 bit priority is
higher than serving cell and
whose level satifys P/N rule(n)
basing on A
Trigger
Edge handover
No
No
Yes
A: DL_Rx_Lev(n)>
DL_Rx_Lev(s)+[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis](s->n)
The DL receiving level <Edge HO DL RX_LEV Thrsh.
OR The UL receiving level <Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh.
Satisfying P/N rule
The neighboring cell with the highest priority and whose priority is higher than that of the service
cell
N-106
Data Configuration of Edge HO
Should be lower than the[OutgoingOL
Subcell HO Level Threshold(dB)] in
enhance dual band data table
[Edge HO UL/DL RX-LEV
Threshold]<[UL/DL RX_LEV Lower
Threshold] in HWII/III power control tabel
[Fringe HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether a fringe handover is allowed. A fringe handover is used to prevent
call drops in cell edges and initiated when the downlink level in the serving cell is lower than Edge HO DL
RX_LEV Threshold or the uplink level in the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold.
Remarks: To implement fringe handover, the comprehensive sequence of the target cell must be higher than that
of the serving cell.
[Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold]
Value Range: 0~63 (-110 dBmto -47 dBm)
Default Value:10
Description: The parameter indicates the uplink receive level threshold of an edge handover. An edge handover
will be triggered if the uplink receive level is constantly lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a period
longer than Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the
corresponding edge handover threshold can be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must be
properly specified to avoid overlapping coverage and channel interference. This parameter should be adjusted
based on the performance statistics and actual networks to achieve uplink-downlink balance.
25: urban areas without PBGT handover
20: suburbs with a single BTS
20: urban areas with PBGT handover
Remarks: Edge handover uplink/downlink receive level threshold <Uplink/downlink signal strength lower limit
of HW-II/III power control
[Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold]
Default Value: 20
Description: The parameter indicates the downlink receive level threshold of an edge handover. An edge
handover will be triggered if the downlink receive level is lower than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Thrsh." for a
period longer than Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s). If PBGT handover is enabled, the
corresponding edge handover threshold can be lowered. If PBGT handover is disabled, this parameter must be
properly specified to avoid manual overlapping coverage and channel interference. This parameter should be
adjusted based on the performance statistics and actual networksto achieve uplink-downlink balance.
30: Urban areas without PBGT handover
25: Suburbs with a single BTS
N-107
[Edge HO Watch Time(s)]
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the period when uplink/downlink receive levels are measured to determine
whether an edge handover is triggered.
[Edge HO Valid Time(s)]
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 2
Description: To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the uplink or downlink should constantly remain
lower than their corresponding edge handover thresholds within Edge HO Watch Time(s). This parameter
indicates this duration.
[Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time(s)]
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the period when uplink/downlink receive levels are measured to determine
whether an edge handover neighbor cell is triggered.
[Edge HO AdjCell Valid Time(s)]
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 2
Description: During the edge handover continuance time, the UL/DL receive level should remain higher than the
corresponding UL/DL edge handover threshold for a period. This parameter indicates the period.
N-108
[Inter-cell HO Hysteresis]
Value Range: 0~63
Unit: Levels
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the handover hysteresisbetween
adjacent cells of the same layer. The purpose of setting this parameter is to
reduce the "Ping-Pong" handovers. The value of this parameter is invalid if
cells are not on the same layer.4 dB populous urban areas and 8 dB for
suburbs.
N-109
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Handover
Triggering
Time
Threshold
Umbrella Cell
Time
P/N
P: Watch Cells
N: Valid Cells
1 1 2 3
Micro Cell
Cells Number
The condition of MS Fast-Moving Handover is that a MS is moving fast (for example
moving on a highway), and the area is covered by two layers, that is micro cell and
macro cell.
MS Fast-Moving Handover is mainly used to solve the handover of MS during fast-
moving, that is to say, to avoid MS handover to the micro cell to increase handover time
and signaling flow, thereby increase service quality
MS Fast-moving time ThrshIf the time used by MS to pass this cell is less
than this threshold, it means that MS passes the cell quickly.
MS Fast-moving watch cells P The total number of cells for judging whether
a MS is fast moving or not.
MS Fast-moving valid cells N Total N of actual cells that MS fast passes.
When N equal to or more than P cells that MS lately passes are fast passing
ones, the fast moving handover algorithm will be started.
N-110
MS Fast-Moving Handover
Begin
[MS Fast Moving HO
Allowed](s) Yes ?
End
No
Yes
Yes
the serving
cell on layer 4?
Satisfy P / N rule?
No
Select the neighbor cell with the highest priority &
on the 4th layer & satisfy RX_LEV(n)>= [Inter-layer
HO threshold](n) + [Inter-layer HO hysterisis](s->n)
Any cell satisfy the
condition above?
Trigger MS fast-
moving handover
No
Yes
Refresh timer(s)
No
Yes
MS moves through P cells (watch cells), and the speed for Q cells (valid cells) among these p cells
is fast
The layer of service cell must be less than four
The neighboring cell with the highest priority
The layer of the object cell must be the 4th layer
RX_LEV of the object cell >=Inter-layer HO threshold +Inter-layer HO hysterisis
N-111
Data Configuration of MS Fast-moving
Handover
[MS Fast Moving HO Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether a fast moving handover is allowed. The
fast moving handover enables a fast moving MS to hand over rapidly to a macro cell, thus
reducing handovers. It is recommended that this algorithm be applied only to special areas,
such as highways, to reduce the CPU load.
[MS Fast-moving Watch Cells]
Value Range:1~10
Default Value:3
Description: During the moving, the MS passes P micro cells. According to the P/N rule, when the MS fast crosses N ones
among the P micro cells, the BSC starts to trigger a fast-moving micro cell handover.
Remarks: If this parameter is excessively high, it is difficult to reduce the systemload effectively. If this parameter is
excessively low, the judgment is inaccurate.
[MS Fast-moving Valid Cells]
Value Range: 1~10
Default Value: 2
Description: Suppose that the actual number of the micro cells that the MS fast crosses is N. According to the
P/N rule, when the MS fast crosses N ones among the P micro cells, a fast moving handover is triggered by the
BSC when this parameter satisfies the required conditions.
[MS Fast-moving Time Threshold]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 15
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold for judging whether an MS moves fast across a cell. The
threshold is obtained based on the cell radius and specified velocity. If the time for crossing a cell is lower than
this threshold, the MS is regarded as moving fast.
Remarks: Conditions for triggering fast-moving handover are as follows:
The serving cell does not belong to level-4.
The optimum target cell does belong to level-4.
A neighboringcell hasamacrocell
N-112
Layer HO
Neighboring Cell Serving Cell
GSM900 Cell
Lay 3
GSM1800 Cell
Lay 2
The goal of layer handover is to control the destination cell of handover
more flexibly, make a MS hand over to the most reasonable cell to reduce
the occurrence of latter handover in order to save all kinds of system
resources, and also effectively increase handover successful ratio, reduce
call drop during handover, improve voice quality and service level.
N-113
Begin
[Level HO
Allowed](s) Yes ?
End
No
Yes
Yes
Any neighbor cell exit?
16 bit value(n)<
16 bit value(s)?
A & ( layer(n)< layer(s)
or level(n)<level(s) )?
Satisfy P/N rule(n)?
No
Trigger
layer handover
Yes
No
Yes
No
A: RX_LEV(n)>= [nter-layer HO threshold](n)
+ [Inter-layer HO hysterisis](s->n)
Yes
Identify the next cell
No
Layer HO
The layer or level of object cell is lower than that of the service cell
RX_LEV_DL of the object cell >=Inter-layer HO threshold +Inter-layer HO hysteresis
Satisfying P/N rule
The neighboring cell with the highest priority and whose priority is higher than that of
the service cell
N-114
[Level HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether the layer level handover is allowed.An
Inter Layer HO is realized by setting different layers and levels for the cells. It is used to
guide the traffic to the cell that has a high priority. When this parameter is set to Yes,
traffic is routed to a cell with a higher priority.
Remarks: The lower the layer is, the higher the priority is. Thehigher the level is, the
lower the priority is. Layer level handover is not implemented when the comprehensive
sequence (including basic sequence and network sequence) of the serving cell is the
highest or when the level of the target cell is not greater thanthe Inter-layer HO Threshold.
[Layer HO Watch Time(s)]
Description: Compare the candidate cells that are better than the current serving cell so as to decide
whether to trigger a layer handover. This parameter indicates the duration to make the decision.
[Layer HO Valid Time(s)]
Description: If a cell is ranked 1 of the candidate cells for a whole segment of measurement period,
this cell is called the best cell.
N-115
Value Range: 0~63
Default Value: 25
Value Range: 0~63
Default Value: 3
handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold - Inter-
layer HO hysteresis
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold +
Inter-layer HO hysteresis
N-116
Value Range: 0~63
Default Value: 25
Value Range: 0~63
Default Value: 3
handover. It is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold - Inter-
layer HO hysteresis
Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a neighboring cell =Inter-layer HO Threshold +
Inter-layer HO hysteresis
N-117
PBGT HO
Serving Cell
Neighboring Cell
PBGT HO
Threshold
Time
Path Loss (dB)
126dB 119dB
5
126-119=7dB>5dB
Handover
Triggering
P/N
P: Watch Time
N: Valid Time
In areas with densely distributed cells, the actual radio coverage
range has become far larger than the distance between BTS. If MS
keeps the conversation within a cell, it will not be effectively handed
over to a nearby cell with low transmission power and that will lead
to over shooting, thus increasing the interference of radio
environment and complicating network planning and optimization. To
solve this problem, Huawei develops PBGT handover algorithm that
is based on path loss.
PBGT handover algorithm is intended for the handover based on
path loss, in real time, it seeks a cell with lower path loss and
meeting certain system requirements, and judges whether its
necessary to perform handover.
N-118
Begin
[PBGT HO
Allowed] (s)Yes ?
End
No
Yes
current channel
signaling channel?
Satisfy P / N rule?
No
Yes
Search next
neighborcell
layer(n)=layer(s)&
level(n)=level(s)?
Path loss (s) Path loss (n)
>PBGT HO Threshold(s->n)
Refresh timer(s)
Trigger
PBGT HO
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
PBGT HO
NOTES: whichever the greater of the
[inter-cell HO hysteresis] and
[PBGT HO threshold], that value will be
used in the PBGT HO.
The layer and level of the object cell are the same as those of the service cell.
Path loss (service cell) Path loss (neighbor cell) >PBGT HO Threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
The neighboring cell with the highest priority and whose priority is higher than that of the service
cell.
Restriction
It is not available with SDCCH.
N-119
Data Configuration of PBGT HO
[PBGT HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether a POWER BUDGET (PBGT) handover is
allowed.Basedon path loss, PBGT handover is used to search for a desired cell in real time and to
judge whether handover is performed. The cell must provide less path loss and meet other
requirements.Toavoid ping-pong handovers, PBGT handover applies to only cells of the same level
on the same layer and is triggered only over TCH. On a SDCCH, it is not allowed to trigger a PBGT
handover.Proper use of PBGT handover helps to reduce over-cell coverage and co-channel
interference.
[PBGT Watch Time(s)]
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 3
Description: This parameter indicates the period when the path losses of neighboring cells are
measured. Thus, operators can determine whether a PBGT handover is triggered.
PBGT Valid Time(s)
Value Range: 1~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 2
Description: This parameter indicates the period that satisfies PBGT handover.
N-120
Data Configuration of PBGT HO
[PBGT HO Threshold]
Value Range: 0~127 (-64 dB to +63 dB)
Default Value: 68
Description: A threshold in PBGT handover algorithm used to judge
whether to perform PBGT handover. When PBGT Handover Allowed is
set to Yes and Inter-cell HO Hysteresis>PBGT HO Thresh., the Inter-cell
HO Hysteresiswill act instead of the PBGT HO Thresh. When this
parameter is assigned with a value smaller than 64, MS can hand over to a
lower level neighboring cell. 68 for popular urban areas, 72 for suburbs.
Remarks: When PBGT handover is enabled, and Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
>PBGT HO Thresh, the Inter-cell HO hysteresisinstead of the PBGT HO
Thresh works. PBGT HO Thresh must be adjusted as per handover
performance statistic result and actual network.
N-121
Concentric Cell
Purposes
Maximize coverage area
Reduce interference and improve frequency reuse density
Construction methods
Different combiner loss
Different propagation loss
Modify the transmission power of TRX, the down tilt of antennas, etc.
By HO parameters
Overlaid
Underlaid
N-122
Classification and HO Judgment of
Concentric Cell
Receiving level
Time advance
Quality
Receiving level
Time advance
Quality
ATCB
Cell load of underlaid
Normal concentric cell Enhance concentric cell

There are two kinds of concentric cell handover:
Normal concentric cell handover
Enhance concentric cell handover
The difference of these two handovers is that enhance concentriccell
handover takes into account the cell load of underlaid.
N-123
Data Configuration of Concentric Cell
[Concentric Circles HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: The parameter indicates whether a concentric cell handover is allowed. A
concentric cell handover is implemented to achieve mass coveragein the underlaidsubcell
and tight frequency reuse in the overlaid subcell, thus improving the system capability and
service performance. A concentric cell handover consists of inward handover and outward
handover.
[EnhencedConcentric Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether a enhencedconcentric circle handover is
allowed.
While the Enhanced Concentric Cell Allowed is set as "Yes", compare the receive level
of the MS with O to U HO Receive Level Threshold and U to O HO Receive Level
Threshold to decide whether to trigger an O to U HO or a U to O HO.
While the Enhanced Concentric Cell Allowed is set as "No", compare the receive level
of the MS with RX_LEV Threshold so as to decide whether to trigger an enhanced
concentric cell HO. It is required to consider the load of the UL when deciding whether
to trigger a U to O HO.
N-124
Normal Concentric Cell HO
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS downlink receive
level ,TA value and quality.
underlaid
overlaid
Receiving Level Threshold
Receiving Level Hysteresis
Receiving Qaulityl Threshold
TA Threshold
TA Hysteresis
An illustration of how to define the border between the underlaid and the overlaid.
N-125
Normal Concentric Cell HO
U to O O to U
N-126
Normal Concentric Cell HO(OU )
Flow for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid
Begin within Penalty Time
End
Yes
No
[RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Yes
[OL to UL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
No
Yes
[RX_QUAL for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Yes
Rx_Dl_Quality>=
[RX_QUAL Treshold]?
Current TA>=[TA Threshold]+
[TA Hysteresis]?
[TA for UO HO
Allowed] Yes?
Trigger OL to UL
P/N rule?
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No No
End
Rx_Dl_Level<=[RX_LEV thshold]
-[RX_LEV Hysteresis]
No
Yes
Criterion for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid:
TA value >=TA Threshold +TA Hysteresis
OR RX_LEV <=RX_LEV Threshold RX_LEV Hysteresis
OR Quality >=RX_QUAL Threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
N-127
Normal Concentric Cell HO(UO )
Criterion for TCH HO from underlaid to overlaid
Begin
With Penalty Time ?
End
Yes
No
Current TA<=[TA Threshold]-
[TA Hysteresis]?
[RX_QUAL for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Yes
Yes
No
No
[RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Rx_Dl_Level >=
[RX_LEV Threshold] +
[RX_LEV Hysteresis]
No
[TA for UO HO
Allowed] Yes?
Rx_Dl_Qual<=
[RX_QUAL Treshold]?
Yes
P/N rule?
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
[UL to OL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
End
Yes
No
Trigger UL to OL
Criterion for TCH HO from underlaidto overlaid:
TA value <=TA Threshold TA Hysteresis
AND RX_LEV >=RX_LEV Threshold +RX_LEV Hysteresis
AND Qua. <=RX_QUAL Threshold
Satisfying P/N rule
N-128
Data Configuration of Normal
Concentric Cell HO
[UL to OL HO Allowed]
Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether an underlay (UL) to overlay (OL)
handover is allowed.
[OL to UL HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether an OL to UL handover is allowed.
[RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive level is used to
determine a Concentric Cell handover.
[RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed]
Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: The default value is generally set to Yes. When
the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to No.
Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive quality is used to
determine a Concentric Cell handover.
[TA for UO HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether the TA is used to determine a Concentric
Cell handover.
N-129
Concentric Cell HO
[UO Signal Intensity Difference]
Value Range: 0~63
Default Value: 0
Description: This parameter indicates the signal intensity compensation between the overlaid and underlaid
subcells. It equals the sumof power difference between overlaid and underlaidpower amplifiers, insertion loss
difference between combiners, path loss difference caused by antennas, and path loss difference caused by
frequencies.Theparameter is invalid when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.
[RX_LEV Threshold]
Default Value: 35: This parameter is greater than the sumof fringe handover threshold and UO signal intensity
difference. 0: The cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell. 40: The cell is a mixed cell. Description: This is one of the
parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaidsubcells. It is invalid when Enhanced Concentric
Cell is allowed.WhenEnhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV
Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
[RX_LEV Hysteresis]
Default Value: 5 When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to 0.DescriptionThis is one of the
parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaidsubcells. It is invalid when Enhanced Concentric
Cell is allowed.WhenEnhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV
Threshold, RX_LEV Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
[RX_QUAL Threshold]
Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0-7) 10)
Default Value: The default value is 60, but it is 70 when the cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell.
Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and underlaidsubcells. When
Enhanced Concentric Cell is not allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is
allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO
Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
N-130
Concentric Cell HO
[TA Threshold]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Bit period (a bit period denotes 0.55 km)
Default Value: 63 Note: TA threshold is not used to distinguish the boundary between overlaid and underlaid
subcells.
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.WhenEnhanced Concentric Cell is allowed,
the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive
Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
Remarks: This parameter must be less than the TA threshold of anemergency handover. When set to 63, this
parameter can be used to distinguish the boundary of Underlaidsubcell and OverLaidsubcell of a dual-slot
concentric cell instead of the boundary of a normal concentric cell.
[TA Hysteresis]
Value Range: 0~255
Unit: Bit period (a bit period corresponds to 0.55 km)
Default Value: The default value is generally set to 0. When thecell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is
set to 3.
Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to No, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is
set to Yes, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU
HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
[UO HO Watch Time]
Value Range: 0~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the duration during which the BSC counts the duration when the
conditions for an concentric cell handover are met to decide whether to trigger a concentric cell handover.
[UO HO Valid Time]
Value Range: 0~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 4
N-131
Enhance Concentric Cell HO
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS downlink receive
level, quality, TA value and cell load of underlaid.
underlaid
overlaid
U to O HO Receiving Level Threshold
O to U HO Receiving Level Hysteresis
Receiving Qaulityl Threshold
TA Threshold
TA Hysteresis
N-132
Enhance Concentric Cell HO
Classification of TCH HO in enhance concentric cell HO
O to U
for low load in U
U to O
for high load in U
O to U
for moving
N-133
Enhance Concentric Cell HO(UO )
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >[Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
RX_LEV (n): RX_LEV of the strongest neighboring cell which has the same frequency band and layer
with underlaid subcell, but locates in a different BTS. If there is no such a cell, this value is -110dBm
Flow for TCH HO from underlaid to overlaid for high load in UL
Begin
Within Penalty Time ? End
Yes
No
Current TA<[TA Threshold]-
[TA Hysteresis]?
[ATCBHoSwitch] Open?
[RX_QUAL for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Go to the user selection
flow in the next slide
Yes
Yes
No
No
[RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Rx_Dl_Level>[UtoO HO
Received Level Threshold]
No
A
Yes
No
[TA for UO HO
Allowed] Yes?
Rx_Dl_Qual<
[RX_QUAL Treshold]?
Yes
P/N rule?
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
[UL to OL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
End
Yes
No
Criterion for TCH HO from underlaidto overlaid
RX_LEV >UtoOHO Received Level Threshold
And RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) >Distance Between Boundaries of UL and
OL Subcells(dB)
And RX_QUAL <RX_QUAL Threshold
And TA <TA Threshold TA Hysteresis
Satisfying P/N rule
N-134
Enhance Concentric Cell HO(UO )
(Con.)
User selection flow from UL to OL for high load in UL
Cell load of UL>=[En Iuo Out
Cell Serious OverLoad Thred]?
Begin
[UtoO Traffice
HO Allowed] Yes ?
Cell load of UL>=[En Iuo Out
Cell General OverLoad Thred]?
Trigger
UL to OL
Yes No
Refresh cell load
per second
B (B-1)/second
Yes
B=[Underlay HO Step Period(s)]
HO step: [Underlay HO Step Level]
HO period: B-x or B
HO zone: begin from -47dBm
Any MS in HO zone?
Yes
No
Yes
No
End
No
N-135
Enhance Concentric Cell HO(OU )
Flow for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid for low load in underlaid
HO period: [En Iuo in Cell Load Classification HO Period]
HO step: [En Iuo in Cell Load Classification HO Step]
HO zone: begin from [OtoU HO Received Level Threshold] to -47dBm
Begin
[[OL to UL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
Cell load of UL<[En Iuo Out
Cell Low Load Thred]?
No
Trigger
UL to OL
Refresh cell load
per second
Yes
Any MS in HO zone?
Yes
No
Yes
No
End
Criterion for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaidfor underlaidlow load
Cell load of underlaid<En IuoOut Cell Low Load Threshold
HO Zone is from OtoU HO Received Level Threshold~-47dBm
The object cell must be the underlaidsubcell
N-136
Enhance Concentric Cell HO(OU )
Flow for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaid for moving
No
Begin With Penalty Time ?
End
Yes
No
[ATCBHoSwitch]
Open?
No [RX_LEV for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Rx_Dl_Level<[OtoU HO
Received Level Threshold]
A
Yes
[OL to UL HO
Allowed] Yes ?
No
Yes
[RX_QUAL for UO
HO Allowed] Yes?
Yes
Rx_Dl_Qual>
[RX_QUAL Treshold]?
Current TA>[TA Threshold]+
[TA Hysteresis]?
[TA for UO HO
Allowed] Yes?
Trigger OL to UL
P/N rule?
Select the underlaid subcell or
the neighbour cell with the
highst priority in 16 bits list
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No No
No
End
A: RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) < [Distance Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
[Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL and OL Subcells(dB)]
Criterion for TCH HO from overlaid to underlaidfor moving
RX_LEV <OtoU HO Received Level Threshold
OR RX_QUAL >RX_QUAL Threshold
OR TA >TA Threshold +TA Hysteresis
OR RX_LEV_UL RX_LEV (n) <Distance Between Boundaries of UL and
OL Subcells(dB) Distance HysteresisBetween Boundaries of UL and OL
Subcells(dB)
Satisfying P/N rule
The cell with highest priority. It could be underlaidsubcell or normal
neighboring cell
N-137
Data Configuration of Enhance
Concentric Cell HO
[ATCBHoSwitch]
Value Range: Closed Open Unit: None Default Value: Open
Description: The switch of the ATCB handover algorithm.
[UL to OL HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether an U to O handover is allowed.
[OL to UL HO Allowed]
DescriptionThisparameter indicates whether an OL to UL handover is allowed.
[RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive level is used to determine a Concentric Cell
handover.
[RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed]
Default Value: The default value is generally set to Yes. When the cell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is
set to No.
Description: This parameter indicates whether the downlink receive quality is used to determine a Concentric
Cell handover.
[TA for UO HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether the TA is used to determine a Concentric Cell handover.
N-138
Concentric Cell HO
[RX_QUAL Threshold]
Value Range: 0~70 (RQ (0-7) 10)
Default Value: The default value is 60, but it is 70 when the cell is a dual-timeslot extended cell.
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is
allowed, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO
[TA Threshold]
Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period denotes 0.55km)
Default Value: 63 Note: TA threshold is not used to distinguish the boundary between overlaid and underlaid
subcells.
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.WhenEnhanced Concentric Cell is allowed,
the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO Receive
Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
Remarks: This parameter must be less than the TA threshold of anemergency handover. When set to 63, this
parameter can be used to distinguish the boundary of Underlaidsubcell and OverLaidsubcell of a dual-slot
concentric cell instead of the boundary of a normal concentric cell.
[TA Hysteresis]
Value Range: 0~255 Unit: Bit period (a bit period corresponds to 0.55 km)
Default Value: The default value is generally set to 0. When thecell is a dual-timeslot cell, the default value is
set to 3.
Concentric Circles HO Allowed is set to No, the regions are co-determined by RX_LEV Threshold, RX_LEV
Hysteresis, RX_QUAL Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis. When Concentric Circles HO Allowed is
set to Yes, the regions are co-determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU
HO Receive Level Threshold, TA Threshold, and TA Hysteresis.
N-139
Concentric Cell HO
[UO HO Watch Time]
Value Range: 0~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the duration during which the BSC
counts the duration when the conditions for an concentric cell handover are
met to decide whether to trigger a concentric cell handover.
[UO HO Valid Time]
Value Range: 0~16
Unit: Seconds
Default Value: 4
Description: This parameter indicates the duration when the conditions for
a concentric cell handover are met within UO HO Watch Time.
N-140
Concentric Cell HO
[OtoU HO Received Level Threshold]
Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and
underlaidsubcells. When Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-
determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO
[UtoOHO Received Level Threshold]
Description: This is one of the parameters that determine the regions of overlaid and
underlaidsubcells.WhenEnhanced Concentric Cell is allowed, the regions are co-
determined by RX_QUAL Threshold, UtoOHO Receive Level Threshold, OtoU HO
[UtoOTraffic HO Allowed]
Value Range: Yes, No Default Value: No: dual-timeslot cells Yes: other cells
Description: This parameter indicates whether the traffic in theunderlaidsubcell
determines the underlaidto overlaid (UL to OL) handover.Whenthis parameter is set to
Yes, the handover is allowed only when the traffic in the underlaidcell is equal to or
greater than Traffic Threshold of Underlay.Whenthis parameter is set to No, the traffic is
not taken into consideration.
Remarks: This parameter is valid only when Enhanced Concentric Cell is allowed.
N-141
Concentric Cell HO
[Underlay HO Step Period(s)]
Description: This parameter indicates the interval between two grades of level-based handovers. When multiple
UL to OL handover requests are initiated simultaneously, it is possible that calls with low level are handed over.
This does not conformto the principle that the call with the best quality should be handed over firstly. Thus, level
grade-based handover is used to hand over high-level calls with higher priority.
[Underlay HO Step Level]
Description: This parameter indicates the length of a grade in level grade-based UL to OL handover. Thus, high-
level calls are handed over with higher priority.After a step period of UL to OL handover, the handover band is
decreased by the length of a grade.Thisparameter and Underlay HO Step Period control the level band of the
step-by-step handover fromunderlaidsubcellsto overlaid subcellstogether. The time for the handover band to
step down for Underlay HO Step Level is Underlay HO Step Period.
N-142
Concentric Cell HO
[En IuoOut Cell Low Load Thred]
Description: If the ratio of the underlaidsubcell channel occupancy is smaller than the value of this parameter,
some calls in the overlaid subcell are handed over to the underlaidsubcell.
[En IuoOut Cell General OverLoadThred]
Value Range: 0-100 Unit: % Default Value: 85
Description: If the ratio of the underlaidsubcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter,
some calls in the underlaidsubcell are handed over to the overlaid subcell.
[En IuoOut Cell Serious OverLoadThred]
Description: If the ratio of the underlaidcell channel occupancy is greater than the value of this parameter, the
period of hierarchical handover fromunderlaidsubcell to overlaid subcell is shorten. That is, the value of Out
Cell Load HO Modify Step is reduced every second based on the value of Out Cell Load Classification HO
Period. Thus the handover fromunderlaidsubcell to the overlaid subcell speeds up.
Remarks: The value of this parameter must be greater than that of the En IuoOut Cell General OverLoadThred.
[En IuoIn Cell Load classification HO Period]
Description: When the ratio of overlaid subcell cell channel occupancy is greater than the value of En IuoOut
Cell General OverLoadThred, all the calls in the cell request for handover at the same time. The BSC load is
sharply increased. Thus the call may drop because the target cell is congested. Therefore the algorithmof
hierarchical handover is applied to hand over the calls in the cell hierarchically.Thisparameter indicates the time
duration of every hierarchical handover.
[En IuoIn Cell Load classification HO Step]
Value Range: 0-63 Unit: Db Default Value: 5
Description: This parameter indicates the level step of the hierarchical handover fromunderlaidsubcell to
overlaid subcell.
N-143
Concentric Cell HO
[Distance Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell(dB)]
Description: This parameter indicates the distance between the overlaid subcell
and underlaidsubcell. The value of this parameter is comparative. The greater the
value is, the longer the distance is.Theenhanced dual-band network handover
algorithm refers to the boundary between underlaidsubcell and overlaid subcell
based on the comparative value of signal strength of serving cell and neighboring
cell. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s), and neighboring cell
SS(n). If SS(s) is equal to SS(n), the cell is in the underlaidsubcell boundary. If
the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of Distance Between Out And
Inn Cell boundary, the cell is in the overlaid subcell.
[Distance HysterisisBetween Boundaries of UL And OL Subcell]
Description:Toprevent ping-pong handover, the BSC determines whether the
handover of the MS from overlaid subcell cell to underlaidsubcell cell based on
the value of this parameter. Suppose the signal strength of serving cell is SS(s),
and neighboring cell SS(n). If the value of SS(s) - SS(n) is larger than the value of
Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary - Distance Hyst Between Out And
Inn Cell boundary, the MS handover from overlaid subcell cell to underlaid
subcell cell is allowed.
N-144
Channel Assignment strategies of
Concentric Cell
Channel Assignment Strategies of Concentric Cell
Immediate
Assignment
Assignment
Intra-BSC
Inter-cell
Handover
Incoming
Cell
Handover
N-145
The preferred SDCCH channel in two layers is controlled by parameter
TA pref. Of Imme-Assign Allowed
If "No", system prefers the channel in Underlaid subcell
If Yes", system prefers the channel according to in Channel
Request message
TA smaller
TA bigger
Immediate Assignment
When TA pref. Of Imme-Assign Allowed is set as Yes, if the TA is larger
than the TA Threshold of Imme-Assignment Pref., the underlay cell is assigned
first. if the TA is smaller than the threshold, the overlay cell is assigned first.
N-146
Data Configuration of Immediate
Assignment
[TA Pref of Imme-Assign Allowed]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether access_delayis used in the channel request
message for immediate assignment. When this parameter is set to No, a channel in the underlaid
subcell is assigned. When this parameter is set to Yes, a channel in the overlaid subcell is assigned
if access_delayis less than TA Threshold of Imme-Assign Pref. If not, a channel in the underlaid
subcell is assigned.
[TA Threshold of Imme-Assign Pref]
Value Range: 0~255
Default Value: 63: Dual-timeslot extended cells 0: Other cells
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of overlaid cell-based immediate assignment.
If TA Pref of Imme-Assign Allowed is set to Yes, the system prefers the channel in overlaid
subcell while ACCESS_DELAY is smaller than TA Thrsh. of Imme- Assign pref. Otherwise, the
system prefers the channel in Underlaidsubcell.
N-147
Preferred assignment in the overlay or underlay cell
Assign the channel of overlay or underlay cell according to
the Rx_level and TA in the measurement report
TA smaller and
Rx-level higher
Assignment
The channel of overlay cell is assigned first only when the Rx level on the
SDCCH is equal to or larger than the Assign-optimum-level Thresholdand the
TA is smaller than the TA Threshold of Assignment Pref.. Otherwise, the
channel of underlay cell is assigned first to ensure the successful assignment.
N-148
Data Configuration of Assignment
[Assign Optimum Layer]
Value Range: System Optimization, Overlaid Subcell, UnderlaidSubcell, No
Preference
Default Value:
UnderlaidSubcell: The cell system is GSM900&DCS1800 and enhanced concentric
cell.
System Optimization: The cell system is not GSM900&DCS1800.
Description: This parameter indicates the method of TCH assignment a
concentric cell.
System Optimization: The system selects the optimum serving layer according to the
MR provided through the SDCCH.
UnderlaidSubcell: Channel assignment in the underlaidsubcell has higher priority.
Overlaid Subcell: Channel assignment in the overlaid subcell has higher priority.
No Preference: No specific instruction is given.
N-149
[Assign-optimum-level Threshold]
Default Value: When the uplink and the downlink are not balanced, the
default value =receive level +balance margin for uplink and downlink
When the uplink and the downlink are balanced, the default valuecan be
set to 35, which is the same as RX_LEV Threshold. When the cell is a
dual-timeslot cell, the default value is set to 0. When the cell is ahybrid
cell, the default value is set to 40.
Description: When the optimal layer is selected through system
optimization, the current SDCCH level can be estimated (inserted/filtered)
based on the uplink measurement result in the previous SDCCH MR. Then,
overlaid and underlaidsubcellsare allocated by comparing this parameter
with the receive level of SDCCH, and by comparing TA with the TA
threshold of optimum assignment. The MS is allocated with overlaid
subcell only when the receive level is greater than level threshold andTA
is smaller than the TA threshold. Otherwise, the MS is allocatedwith the
underlaidcell.
[TA Threshold of Assignment Pref.]
Value Range: 0~255
Default Value:63
Description: When the optimal layer is selected through system
optimization, the current SDCCH level can be estimated (inserted/filtered)
based on the uplink measurement result in the previous SDCCH MR. Then,
overlaid and underlaidsubcellsare allocated by comparing this parameter
and the receive level of SDCCH, and by comparing TA and the TA
threshold of optimum assignment. The MS is allocated with overlaid
subcell only when the receive level is greater than level threshold andTA
is smaller than the TA threshold. Otherwise, the MS is allocatedwith the
underlaidcell.
Remarks: When this parameter is set to 0, the MS is allocated with the
underlaidcell.
N-150
Intra-BSC Inter-Cell Handover
In the case of intra-BSC inter-cell handover, the MS can be handed
over to the underlay or overlay cell first.
If System Optimization is selected, the preferred assignment is
conducted according to the level value in the measurement report.
overlaid
Underlaid
Overlaid
According to the Rx-level
If the Rx level is higher than the Rx level threshold, the MS will be handed
over to the overderlaycell. Otherwise, the MS will be handed over to the
underlay cell
N-151
Data Configuration of Intra-BSC Inter-
Cell Handover
[Pref. Subcell in HO of Intra-BSC]
Value Range: System Optimization, Overlaid Subcell, UnderlaidSubcell, No
Preference
Default Value: The default value is System Optimization. For a dual-timeslot
extended cell or a hybrid cell, the default value is UnderlaidSubcell.
Description: This parameter indicates the method of channel assignment for
intra-BSC handover in a concentric cell.
System Optimization: The BCCH of the target cell is specified inthe handover request.
Then, the target cell compares only the receive level with RX_LEV Threshold, thus
selecting the layer with higher priority.
UnderLaidSubcell: Channel assignment in the underlaidsubcell has higher priority.
OverLaidSubcell: Channel assignment in the overlaid subcell has higher priority.
No Preference: Channels are assigned based on routine algorithms.
N-152
Inter-BSC Handover
For the inter-BSC Handover, if the target cell is concentric cell , the
channel of underlay cell should be assigned first.
overlaid
Underlaid
Overlaid
BSC1
BSC2
Assign underlaidfirst
N-153
Data Configuration of Inter-BSC Inter-
Cell Handover
[Incoming-to-BSC HO Optimum Layer]
Value Range: Overlaid Subcell, UnderlaidSubcell, No Preference
Default Value:
UnderlaidSubcell (common networks)
Overlaid Subcell (dual-frequency networks)
UnderlaidSubcell (dual-frequency networks with decreasing success rate of handover)
Description: This parameter indicates the method of selecting anoptimum layer
for an incoming handover.
Remarks: The BCCH carrier must be configured in the underlaidsubcell. The
SDCCH must be configured in the underlaidsubcell. Concentric Cell handover is
forbidden if both RX-LEV Threshold and RX-LEV Hysteresis(or both TA
Threshold and TA Hysteresis) are set to 63. The data configuration for a dual-
timeslot extended cell adopts Concentric Cell techniques.
N-154
AMR Handover Flow
Begin
Are [Intracell HO
Allowed] & [Intracell F-H HO
Allowed Yes ?
Yes
Is current channel
TCH & version3?
No
A: Cell load > [AMR TCH/H Prior
Cell Load Threshold]
During [Penalty Time
after AMR TCHF-H HO
Fail(s)]?
Yes
Yes
current channel is FR
Satisfy P/N rule?
Trigger internal cell
AMR handover
Yes
No
End
RQI/2 >[F2H HO th] & A
RQI/2 <[H2F HO th]
End
Yes Yes
No No
No
No
No
Yes
N-155
Data Configuration of AMR HO
[Intracell HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether an intra-cell handover is allowed. After an intra-cell handover, the timeslot and
TRX that the MS occupies change.
Remarks: This parameter does not affect concentric cell handovers and forced handovers. During an AMR handover, an
interference handover, and a bad quality handover, an intra-cell handover is unavailable if this parameter is set to No.
[Intracell F-H HO Allowed]
Description: This parameter indicates whether the handover between full-rate channels and half-rate channels in the cell is
allowed. Only the value of the Intracell HO Allowed is set Yes, this parameter is valid. Only when this parameter is set to Yes,
the BSC makes an AMR handover decision. Otherwise, the BSC makesno decision.
[Intracell F-H HO State Time(s)]
Description: This parameter indicates the time threshold that satisfies full rate to half rate handover.
[Intracell F-H HO Last Time]
Description: This parameter indicates the period that satisfies full rate to half rate handover.
[F2H HO th]
Value Range: 0~39 Unit: dBm Default Value: 25
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of a handover fromfull rate data TCH (TCHF) to half rate data TCH
(TCHH). For AMR calls, intra-cell TCHF to TCHH handover is triggered when TCHF is in use and Radio Quality Indication
(RQI) is constantly higher than this threshold.
[H2F HO th]
Value Range: 0~39 Unit: dBm Default Value: 10
Description: This parameter indicates the threshold of TCHH to TCHF handover. For an AMR call, if the current channel is a
HR channel and the RQI is constantly lower than H2F HO thwithin a period, a TCHH to TCHF handover is triggered.
N-156
Data Configuration of AMR HO
[AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed]
Default Value: Yes
Description: This parameter indicates whether the TCH/H prior function is allowed during the
channel assignment. Yesallowed; Noprohibited.
The channel type to be assigned is decided according to the channel types that are allowed by the
MSC and the percentage of seized TCHsin the cell.
During the channel assignment, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHH Prior channels are required when:
Half rate and full rate channels are allowed to be assigned by the MSC.
The AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to Yes.
The percentage of seized TCHsin the cell is greater than the value of AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load
Threshold.
In other cases, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHF Prior channels are required.
[AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold]
Value Range: 0~99
Default Value: 40
Description: The channel type to be assigned is decided according to the channel types that are
allowed by the MSC and the percentage of seized TCHsin the cell.
During the channel assignment, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHH Prior channels are required when:
Half rate and full rate channels are allowed to be assigned by the MSC.
The AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to Yes.
The percentage of seized TCHsin the cell is greater than the value of AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load
Threshold.
In other cases, the TCHF or TCCH, TCHF Prior channels are required.
N-157
General HO Process
2
Handover Judgment
3
N-158
No power control
during handover in order to make
sure the handover is successful
Begin
[Power boost befor HO
enabled or not(s)Yes ?
BTS(s) uses the max.
power output
Yes No
BSC send HO
Command to MS
HO execute
BTS(s) keeps current
power output
BTS(s) keeps current
power output
For BTS
[Power boost befor HO enabled or not
Value Range: StartUp,not StartUp,None
Default Value: not StartUp
Description: When the MS is in a corner, the receive level may decrease
swiftly. Handover may be triggered. At this time, the BSC cannot adjust
the power of the MS and BTS in time. The MS cannot receive the
handover command. Thus call drop occurs. So the power boosting is
necessary before HO.
N-159
Data Configuration of Handover
Implementation(BTS)
N-160
No power control
during handover in order to make
sure the handover is successful
Begin
[MS Power Prediction
after HO(s) Yes ?
BSC predict power
Yes No
BSC send HO
Command to MS
HO execute
MS uses the highest
power to access For MS
MS will use this predict
power in new cell after
finishing this handover
N-161
Implementation(MS)
[MS Power Prediction after HO]
Default Value: No
Description: This parameter indicates whether the MS uses the optimum
transmit power to access a new channel after the handover. Usingthe
optimum transmit power helps to reduce interference and improve the
service performance.
N-162
Implementation(MS)
UL Expected Level at HO Access
Value Range: 0~63(-110 dBm~-47 dBm)
Unit: dB
Default Value: 30
Description: This parameter indicates the expected uplink receive level on
a new channel after an MS is handed over to a new cell.Thisparameter is
consistent with UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold in G-II power control.
N-163
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Classification of HO
HO general procedure
HO judgment algorithm
HO implementation process
HO data configuration
N-164
Thank you
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GSM Handover Algorithm Huwaie 2

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GSM Handover Algorithm

MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report

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