Summarizing

Summarizing
Using Your Own Words
Using Your Own Words
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Summarizing
Wy do it!
Com"reension#
$ To reduce information to essential ideas in
order to#
% Understand and learn im"ortant information
Communication#
$ To reduce information to essential ideas in
order to#
% &x"and te 'readt or de"t of your writing
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Te (rocess
Te (rocess
Using te )*+,-S Touc./
Using te )*+,-S Touc./
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M *ain idea#
+dentify main idea from TO(+C S&NT&NC& 0if
tere is one1 or use 2-S+C S+3N-4 WO5,S
I +dentify SU((O5T+N3 ,&T-+4S
D ,isregard unim"ortant information
A -nalyze redundant information
S Sim"lify6 categorize6 and la'el im"ortant
information
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&sta'lising a focus
$ Te main idea is te most im"ortant
information or conce"t in a text or
statement.
$ Sometimes te main idea is ex"licit7
sometimes it is im"lied.
$ Not all information is e8ual# some of
it clearly is more im"ortant tan te
rest.
Tem"leton6 9::;
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Using 'asic signal words
WHO?
0su'<ect1
WHAT?
0action1
WHERE?
0location1
WHEN?
0time1
WHY?
0reason1
HOW?
0"rocess1
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*ain +dea
Su""orting
,etail
Su""orting
,etail
Su""orting
,etail
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To"ic Sentences
Te TO(+C S&NT&NC& is usually te first
sentence of te "aragra". +t gi=es te
reader an idea of wat te "aragra" is
going to 'e a'out.
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To"ic Sentences cont.
$ ?owe=er6 te TO(+C S&NT&NC& may
not always 'e so clearly stated6 and it
can come in te middle or end of a
"aragra"6 not <ust its 'eginning.
$ 5egardless6 all TO(+C S&NT&NC&S
are su""orted 'y sentences tat gi=e
details to de=elo" te *-+N +,&-.
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Summarizing
Summarizing
4et@s "ractice
4et@s "ractice
One "aragra" at a time
One "aragra" at a time
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&xam"le "aragra"s
- tornado is a "owerful6 twisting
windstorm. +t 'egins ig in te air6
among te winds of a giant storm cloud.
(eo"le wo a=e watced a tornado@s
owling winds reac down from te sAy
a=e said it@s te most frigtening ting
tey a=e e=er seen. +n some "arts of
te United States6 tese windstorms are
called twisters or cyclones.
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*ain idea and su""orting details
Tornado is
powerful, twisting
windstor
!art of giant
stor "loud
#rig$tening
Also "alled
twister
or "%"lone
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Sentence Summary
Tornadoes are frigtening6
"owerful6 twisting windstorms
sometimes called twisters or
cyclones tat start in giant
storm clouds.
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Tornadoes cont
Tornadoes are not te only wirling
windstorms tat mo=e troug te
eart@s air. ,ust de=ils6 urricanes
and ty"oons all a=e twisting winds.
2ut tese windstorms differ from
tornadoes in im"ortant ways.
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*ain idea and su""orting
details
Dust de&ils, $urri"anes,
and t%p$oons $a&e
twisting winds
W$irling windstors Differ fro tornadoes
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Sentence Summary
,ust de=ils6 urricanes and
ty"oons also a=e twisting
winds6 'ut tey are different
from tornadoes.
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Tornadoes cont
,ust de=ils are te weaAest of te swirling
windstorms. Teir winds usually s"in
'etween 9B and CD miles "er our. *ost
dust de=ils are less tan fi=e feet across6
and few last more tan a minute or two.
Tey are often seen in te desert under
clear sAies. ,ust de=ils form near ground
wen certain Ainds of winds maAe ot6
rising air start to s"in.
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*ain idea and su""orting details
Dust de&ils are
wea'est of
swirling windstors
(ess t$an )* p$ #i&e ft+ a"ross (ast inute or two
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Sentence summary
Com"ared to oter wind storms6 dust
de=ils are te weaAest and least
se=ere.
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?urricanes and ty"oons are te largest of te
swirling windstorms. Te winds of tese
storms 'low a'out ;E to 9ED miles "er our.
Tey form o=er warm6 tro"ical oceans and
cause ea=y rains as well as strong winds.
Wen a tro"ical storm liAe tis 'egins o=er
te -tlantic Ocean or te eastern (acific
Ocean6 it is called a urricane. Te same Aind
of storm in te western (acific Ocean or
+ndian Ocean is called a ty"oon. ?urricanes
and ty"oons may 'e se=eral undred miles
wide6 tra=el tousands of miles and last for
days.
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*ain idea and su""orting details
Hurri"anes and
t%p$oons are largest
Winds of ,-./-* p$
Se&eral $undred
iles wide
Tra&el t$ousands of
iles, last for da%s
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Sentence Summary
+n contrast6 urricanes and ty"oons
are te largest windstorms since
tey may 'e undreds of miles wide6
tra=el =ery fast for tousands of
miles and can last for days.
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Tornadoes are not as large as
urricanes and ty"oons and tey
don@t tra=el as far. +n fact6 many
tornadoes last only a few minutes.
2ut te s"inning winds of a tornado
can ri" troug te air at u" to CDD
miles "er our. Te winds of a large
tornado are te fastest6 most
dangerous winds on eart.
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*ain idea and su""orting
details
Winds of large
tornado are
fastest6 most dangerous
winds on eart
4ast few minutes CDD m"
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Sentence Summary
Te 'ottom line is tis#
altoug tey are not as large as
urricanes and ty"oons6 tornadoes
are te fastest6 most dangerous
windstorms.
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Summarizing6
Summarizing6
(ara"rasing6 and Fuoting
(ara"rasing6 and Fuoting
Te Writing Connection
Te Writing Connection
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Summarizing6 (ara"rasing6 and
Fuoting
$ You can 'orrow from te worAs of
oter writers as you researc.
$ -s a good writer6 you sould
summarize6 "ara"rase and 8uote to
'lend source materials in wit your
own.
$ 2ut you sould maAe sure your own
=oice is eard.
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Teacers
Fuotations
Use 8uotations wen#
$ You want to add te "ower of an autor@s
words to su""ort your argument
$ You want to disagree wit an autor@s
argument
$ You would to igligt "owerful "rases or
"assages
$ You are com"aring and contrasting s"ecific
"oints of =iew
$ You want to note te im"ortant researc
tat "recedes your own
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(ara"rasing
(ara"rase wen#
$ You "lan to use information on your note
cards and wis to a=oid "lagiarizing
$ You want to a=oid o=erusing 8uotations
$ You want to use your own =oice to "resent
information
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Summarizing
Summarize wen#
$ You want to esta'lis 'acAground or offer
an o=er=iew of a to"ic
$ You want to descri'e common Anowledge
0from se=eral sources1 a'out a to"ic
$ You want to determine te main ideas of a
single source
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5esources
(urdue Online Writing 4a'#
tt"#GGowl.englis."urdue.eduG
Summarizing6 (ara"rasing6 and Fuoting#
tt"#GGmciu.orgGHs"<=we'Gsum"ar8uo.tml
&nglis 4anguage Center Study Ione#
tt"#GGwe'B.u=cs.u=ic.caGelcGstudyzoneGJ9DGreadingGindex.tm
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