Phuong Trinh Duong Thang

CHNG 3
PHNG TRNH NG THNG

TM TT L THUYT
I. PHNG TRNH THAM S V PHNG TRNH MT
CHNH TC CA NG THNG
1) Vect gi l vtcp ca ng thng d nu gi ca
song hoc trng d.
Vtcp ca ng thng d thng k hiu l
song
d.
2) Cho ng thng d i qua im M(xo,yo,zo) v c vtcp

(a,b,c)
Phng trnh tham s ca d:

(t: tham s, t R)
Phng trnh chnh tc ca d:
(abc 0)
II. V TR TNG I GIA 2 NG THNG
Cho 2 ng thng:
d1 qua im A v c vtcp
d2 qua im B v c vtcp
1) d v d cng nm trn 1
mp [
].
=0
[
2) d v d cho nhau
].
0
229
3) d v d cng nm trn 1 mp [
4) d v d cho nhau [
].
0
].
5) d v d ct nhau

a d1 , a d 2 = 0
6) d // d
a , AB 0
d1
7) d d [
]=[
III. KHONG CCH
Cho 2 ng thng cho nhau:
d1 qua im A v c vtcp
d2 qua im B v c vtcp
1/ Khong cch t im M n ng thng d1:

AM , a d1
d(M,d1) =
a d1
2/ Khong cch gia 2 ng thng d1 v d2
d(d1,d2) =
[a
Ch :
Nu d1 // d2 th:
d(d1,d2) = d(M,d2) vi M d1
230
d1
, ad 2 . AB .
[a
d1
, ad 2
=0
= d(N,d1) vi N d2
IV. GC GIA 2 NG THNG

Cho 2 ng thng d1, d2 c vtcp ln lt l
Gc gia d1 v d2 cho bi:
cos(d1,d2) = |cos(
)| =
ad1 .ad 2
a d 1 ad 2
V. GC GIA NG THNG V MT PHNG

Cho ng thng d c vtcp l
v mp (P) c vtpt l
Gc gia d v mp (P) cho bi:

a.n
sin (d , (P )) = cos a , n =
an

B sung kin thc v mt cu:

1/ V tr tng i ca mt cu v mt phng:
Cho mt cu (S) tm I, bn knh R v mp (P).
Ta c:
(P) tip xc (S) d(I,(P)) = R
231
(P) ct (S) d(I,(P)) < R

(P) v (S) khng c im
chung d(I,(P)) > R
Ch :
*Nu d(I,(P)) < R th (P) ct
(S) theo mt ng trn c:
Tm H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn (P).
Bn knh: r =
*Nu (P) qua tm I ca (S) th (P) ct (S) theo mt ng trn gi
l ng trn ln.
Tm v bn knh ca ng trn ln cng l tm v bn knh ca
mt cu.
*Nu (P) tip xc (S) th (P) cn gi l tip din ca (S)
2/ V tr tng i ca mt cu v ng thng:
Cho mt cu (S) tm I, bn knh R v ng thng .
Nu d(I,) < R th ct (S) ti 2 im phn bit.
Nu d(I,) = R th v (S) ch c 1 im chung M. Khi gi
l tip tuyn ca (S) ti M v M gi l tip im ca v (S).
Nu d(I,) > R th v (S) khng c im chung.
Cc dng ton lin quan n ng thng v mt phng
Dng 1: Vit phng trnh tham s (hoc chnh tc) ca ng thng
d bit d l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng v .
*Phng php:
- Tm 1 vtcp ca d:
=[
- Tm 1 im M a
- d chnh l ng thng qua M v c vtcp
232
V d:
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d bit d l giao tuyn
ca 2 mt phng:
: 4x - 2y + 3z = 0 v : 3x + y + 2z 5 = 0
Gii:
Ta c:
= (4,-2,3),
= (3,1,2) =>
=[
] = (-7,1,10)
Chn im M(1,2,0) a
=> d:
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng d.
* Phng php 1: Tm 1 im v 1 vtcp ca d.
* Phng php 2:
- Tm 2 mt phng v khc nhau cng qua d.
-d=
V d1:
Cho ng thng d:
v mt phng :
2x y + 3z - 6 = 0
Vit phng trnh ng thng qua giao im A ca d v v

song song ng thng d:
Gii:
Ta im A l nghim ca h phng trnh:
233
=> A(-3,-6,2)
// d =>
= (4,-3,1)
=> :
V d 2: Cho 2 im A(2,0,-3), B(4,-2,-1) v mp (P): x + y + 2z +

4=0
Vit phng trnh ng thng d nm trn (P) sao cho mi im
ca d cch u A v B.
Gii:
Gi (Q) l mp trung trc ca AB => d = (P) (Q)
Trung im ca AB: I(3,-1,-2),
Q=
= (2,-2,2) = 2(1,-1,1)
=> (Q): 1(x-3) 1(y+1) + 1(z+2) = 0 x y + z 2 = 0

Ta c:
=[
P,
Q]
= 2(3,1,-2)
Chn im M(-1,-3,0) (P) (Q)

=> d:
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M v ng
thng d
Phng php:
- Tm A d v
d.
- (P) l mt phng qua M (hay qua A) v c
=[
d]
V d:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M(0,-1,3) v t d:
x +1 y z - 2
= =
1
2
-2
234
Gii:
Chn A(-1,0,2) d,
= (1,-1,1) =>
= (1,2,-2)
=[
d]
= (0,3,3) = 3(0,1,1)
=> (P): 1(y+1) + 1(z-3) = 0 y + z -2 = 0

Dng 4: Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua im M v vung gc
ng thng d.
Phng php:
(P) l mt phng qua M v c
V d:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua im M(2,1,4) v vung
gc ng thng
d:
Gii:
Ta c:
= (3,6,3) = 3(1,2,1)
=> (P): 1(x-2) + 2(y-1) + 1(z-4) = 0 x + 2y + z 8 = 0

Dng 5: Chng minh 2 ng thng d1 v d2 cho nhau
Phng php:
- Tm A d1, B d2 v
- Chng minh: [
].
,
0
V d:
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
d2:
235
Tm m d1 v d2 cho nhau.
Gii:
Chn A(1,m,1-m) d1,
= (m,2,-3)
B(m,0,1-m) d2,
= (-2,m,1)
Ta c: [
= 4m2 7m -2
].
Do :
d1 v d2 cho nhau [
].
0 4m2 7m 2 0
m 2 v m
Dng 6: Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua ng thng d1 v
song song ng thng d2 (d1 v d2 cho nhau)
Phng php :
- Tm A d1 v
- (P) l mt phng qua A v c

=[ ,
]
p dng:
Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2:
Phng php 1:
d(d1,d2) = d(B,(P)) vi B l im bt k thuc d2.
Phng Php 2:
S dng cng thc tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho
nhau.
* Ch :
Khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau AB v CD:
d(AB,CD) =
236
V d: Cho 2 ng thng: d1
d2 =
a/ Chng minh d1 v d2 cho nhau.

b/ Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua d1 v song song d2
c/ Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2
Gii:
a/ Chn A(0,2,3) d1,
B(-3,-1,0) d2,
Ta c: [
b/
=[
= (-1,2,3)
].
,
= (1,1,-1):
= -18 0 => d1 v d2 cho nhau.
] = (5,-2,3)
=>(P): 5x 2(y-2) +3(z-3) = 0 5x 2y + 3z 5 = 0

c/ d(d1,d2) = d(B,(P)) =
Cch khc: (s dng cng thc)

d(d1,d2) =
Dng 7: Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua ng thng d v

vung gc .
Phng php
- Tm A d,
- (P) l mt phng qua A v c
=[
V d:
Cho 3 mt phng:
: x 2y + 3z 4 = 0
237
: 3x + y z 1 = 0
: x 2y + 5 = 0
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua giao tuyn ca 2 mt
phng , v vung gc mt phng .
Gii:
Ta c:
= ( 1, -2, 3 ),
Gi d = =>
=[
nb = ( 3, 1, -1 ),
=[
ng = ( 1, -2, 0 )
] = (-1,10,7)
] = (14,7,-8)
Chn M(0,7,6)
=> (P): 14x + 7(y-7) 8(z-6) = 0 14x + 7y 8z 1 = 0
Dng 8: Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung d ca 2 ng
thng cho nhau d1 v d2.
Phng php 1:
- Gi M = d d1, N = d d2.
d l ng vung gc
chung ca d1 v d2 nn:
- T iu kin trn ta tm c ta ca M,N pt ca d.

Phng php 2:
- d c vtcp
=[
- Gi (d,d1); (d,d2)
qua A d1 v c
qua B d2 v c
=[
=[
]
]
-d=
238
Trng hp c bit:
Nu d1, d cho nhau v vung gc nhau th ng vung gc
chung d l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng:
Mt phng cha d1 v ^ d2.
Mt phng cha d2 v ^ d1.
V d1:
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
d2:

b/ Vit pt ng vung gc chung d ca d1 v d2.
c/ Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2.
Gii:
a/ Chn A(1,0,-5) d1,
= (1,0,1); B(0,4,5) d2,

= (0,-2,3)
Ta c: [
].
= -36 0 => d1 v d2 cho nhau
b/ Gi M = d d1 , N = d d2.
=> M(1+t,0,-5+t), N(0,4-2t,5+3t)
= (1,0,1),
= (0,-2,3),
= (-1-t,4-2t,10+3t-t)
d l ng vung gc chung ca d1 v d2 nn:

239
=> M(4,0,-2), N(0,6,2),

=> d:
= 2(-2,3,2)
x-4 y z+2
= =
-2
3
2
c/ d(d1,d2) = MN = 2
V d2:
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
d2:
a/ Chng minh d1 v d2 khng ct nhau nhng vung gc nhau.

b/ Vit pt ng vung gc chung d ca d1 v d2.
Gii:
a/ Chn A(1,2,0) d1,
= (1,-1,2)
B(-2,-1,0) d2,
= (-2,0,1)
Ta c:
=> d1,d2 khng ct nhau v vung
gc nhau.
b/ Gi l mp i qua d1 v vung gc d2; l mp i qua d2 v
vung gc d1.
=> d =
qua A ,
= (-2,0,1)
=> : -2x + z + 2 = 0
qua B,
240
=> : x y + 2z +1 = 0
=[
] = (1,5,2)
Chn im M(0,-3,-2)
=> d:
Dng 9: Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca im M trn ng thng .
Phng php 1:
Tm ta im H t iu kin:
H D
MH .aD = 0
Phng php 2:
-Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua M v ^
- H= (P)
p dng:
1/ Tm im i xng M ca M qua :
Do H l trung im MM nn:
2/ Tnh khong cch t im M n :

Phng php 1:: d(M, ) = MH
Phng php2: S dng cng thc tnh khong cch t 1 im
n 1 ng thng.
Ch : Khong cch t im M n ng thng AB:
241
d(M,AB) =
V d 1:
Cho ng thng :
v im M(2,-1,3)
a/ Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca M trn

b/ Tm im M i xng vi M qua
c/ Tnh khong cch t M n
Gii
a/ Chn A(1,2,0) v
= (2,-1,3)
H => H(1+2t,2-t,3t) =>
= (2t-1,3-t,3t-3)
Ta c:
.
= 0 t = 1 => H(3,1,3)
b/ Do H l trung im MM nn:
=>M(4, 3, 3)
c/ d(M, ) = MH =
Cch khc : (S dng cng thc):

d(M, ) =
= (-6, 3, 5)
d(M, ) =
242
V d 2:
2 im A(2, 0, 0), B(0, 0, 8) v im C sao cho
= (0, 6, 0)
a/ Tm hnh chiu H ca C trn ng thng AB

b/ Tnh khong cch t trung im I ca BC n ng thng OA
Gii:
= ( x 2, y, z) = ( 0, 6, 0)
a/ Gi C(x, y, z) =>
=>C( 2, 6, 0)
ng thng AB qua A v c vtcp
= (-2, 0, 8) = 2( -1, 0, 4)
=>AB:
H AB => H( 2 t, 0, 4t) =>
Ta c:
= (-t, -6, 4t)
= 0 t = 0 => H( 2, 0, 0) A
b/ Ta c: I(1, 3, 4);
d (I, OA) =
= (0, 8, -6)
=
=5
Dng 10: Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca im M trn mt phng

(P).
Phng php 1:
- Vit phng trnh ng thng
d qua M v ^ mt phng (P)
- H = d (P)
Phng php 2:
Tm ta im H t iu kin:
243
p dng:
Tm im M i xng vi M qua mt phng (P)
Phng php:
S dng cng thc H l trung im MM suy ra ta M
V d:
Cho mt phng (P): x + 2y z 1 = 0 v im M(2, -1, 5)
a/ Tm hnh chiu H ca M trn (P)
b/ Tm im M i xng vi M qua (P)
Gii:
a/ Gi d l ng thng qua M v vung gc (P) =>
(1, 2, -1)
=>d:
H = d (P)
Ta c:
Thay (1) vo pt ca (P): 2 + t 2 + 4t 5 + t 1 = 0 t=1

=>H (3, 1, 4)
Cch khc:
H (P) => H (x, y, x + 2y 1) =>
= (x 2, y + 1, x + 2y
6)
Ta c:
cng phng
244
=
H( 3, 1, 4 )
b/ H l trung im MM nn:
xM = 2xH - xM = 4
y M = 2 y H - y M = 3 => M (4, 3, 3)
z = 2z - z = 3
H
M
M
Dng 11:
Tm hnh chiu vung gc d ca ng thng d trn mt
Phng php1:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua
d v ^ (P)
d = (P)(Q)
Phg php2:
Tm A = d (P)
Tm hnh chiu B ca B d (B khc
A) trn
d l ng thng qua 2 im A, B
V d 1: Tm hnh chiu ca ng thng d:
trn mt phng (Oxy)

Gii:
Ly 2 im A(1, -1, 2), B(3, 0, 3) thuc d
A, B c hnh chiu trn (Oxy) ln lt l A(1, -1, 0), B(3, 0, 0)
Hnh chiu ca ng thng d trn mp (Oxy) l t A B
= (2, 1, 0)
=> AB :
245
V d 2:
Cho 2 im A(2, -1, 3), B(3, 0, 2) v mt phng (P): x 2y + z
7 = 0. Vit pt hnh chiu ca ng thng AB trn (P)
Gii:
* Cch 1:
= (1, 1, -1),
= (1, -2, 1)
l mp qua A, B v ^ (P)
=
= (-1, -2, -3) = - (1, 2, 3)
(Q): x + 2y + 3z 9 = 0
nh chiu ca ng thng AB trn (P) l ng thng d =
(P)(Q)
ad ' = n P , nQ = (8, 2, -4) = 2(4, 1, -2)

im A(2,-1, 3) (P) (Q)
d:
*
Nhn thy ng thng AB ct (P) ti A v A (P).
Gi B l hnh chiu ca B trn (P) => ng thng AB l hnh
chiu ca ng thng AB trn (P).
Ta c: B (P) => B (x, y, -x + 2y + 7) =>
2y + 5)
cng phng
246
B ( , - , )
= (x 3, y, -x +
= ( , , - ) = (4, 1, -2)
AB:
Dng 12:
Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua 2 im A, B v tha iu kin
cho sn
Phng php:
- Gi
= (a, b, c) (a2 + b2 + c2 0)
- (P) qua A => (P): a(x xA) + b(y yA) + c(z zA) = 0
ax + by +cz - axA - byA czA = 0
- B (P) => axB + byB + czB - axA - byA czA = 0 (*)
- Dng iu kin (*) v iu kin cho sn tm c a, b, c => pt
ca (P)
Ch :
C th thay iu kin (*) bi iu kin
=0
V d:
Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua 2 im A(1, 1, 0), B(2, 0, -1) v tip xc
mt cu:
(S): x2 + y2 + z2 =
Gii:
(S) c tm O, bn knh R =
Gi
= (a, b, c) (a2 + b2 + c2 0)
(P) qua A => (P): a(x 1) + b(y 1) + cz = 0 ax + by + cz a

b=0
247
B (P) => 2a c a b = 0 => c = a-b

Ta c:
(P) tip xc (S) d(O,(P)) = R
a2 + b2 + 4ab c2 = 0 a2 + b2 + 4ab (a b)2 = 0

6ab = 0 a = 0 v b = 0
a = 0 => c = -b
(P): by bz b = 0 y z 1 = 0
(ta phi c b 0 v nu b = 0 => a = b = c = 0: mu thun)
b = 0 => c = a
(P): ax + az a = 0 x + z 1 = 0
Dng 13:
Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua ng thng d v tha iu
kin cho sn.
* Phng php1:
Tm 2 im A, B d => A, B (P)
(dng 12)
* Phng php2;
- Tm im A d v
- Gi
(a2 + b2 + c2 0)
= (a, b, c)
- (P) qua A => (P): a(x xA) + b(y yA) + c(z zA) = 0
- Dng iu kin
=> pt ca (P)
= 0 v iu kin cho sn tm c a, b, c
V d:
Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua trc Oz v hp vi mt phng
(Q): 2x + y 248
z = 0 gc 600
Gii:
= (a, b, c) (a2 + b2 + c2 0)
Gi
Oz c vtcp
= (0, 0, 1);
= (2, 1, -
Ta c:
c=0
2a + b
a 2 + b 2 . 10
=
=
( do c = 0)
3a2 + 8ab 3b2 = 0 a =

1/ a =
=>
=(
, b, 0 ) =
v a = -3b.
(1, 3, 0)
(P) qua O => (P): x + 3y = 0

2/ a = -3b =>
= ( -3b, b, o) = b(-3, 1, 0)
(P): -3x + y = 0
Dng 14:
Tm ta tip im M ca tip din (P) v mt cu (S) tm I
* Phng php 1:
-Vit pt ng thng d qua I v ^ (P
- M = d (P)
* Phng php 2;
Tm ta im M t iu kin:
249
V d:
Vit pt mt cu (S) tm I (1, 2, 3) v tip xc mt phng (P): 3x
4y 10 = 0.
Tm ta tip im ca (S) v (P)
Gii:
Bn knh ca (S): R = d(I,(P)) =
2
=3
2
=>(S): (x 1) + (y 2) + (z 3) = 9
Tm ta tip im ca (S) v (P):
* Cch 1:
Gi d l ng thng qua I v vung gc (P) =>
= (3, -4, 0)
=> d:
Gi M = d (P) => M chnh l tip im ca (S) v (P)
M d => M ( 1 + 3t, 2 4t, 3 )
M (P) => 3 + 9t 8 + 16t 10 = 0 t =
Vy M (
,- ,3)
* Cch 2:
Gi M l tip im ca (S) v(P)
M (P) => M (x,
,z)
= (x 1,
= (3, -4, 0 )
Ta c:
cng phng
250
= k.
x - 1 = 3k
3x - 18
= -4 k
4
z - 3 = 0
Vy M (
Dng 15: Tm ta tip im M ca tip tuyn d v mt cu (S) tm I
* Phng php 1:
Tm to im M t iu kin:
M d
IM .a d = 0
* Phng php 2:
Tm ta im M t iu kin:
V d: Vit pt mt cu (S) tm I( 1, -2, 3) v tip xc ng thng

:
Tm ta tip im ca (S) v .
Gii:
Chn A(0, 3, 6)
= (1, -5, -3 ),
= (-3, 4, 2)
= ( 2, 7, -11)
Bn knh ca (S): R = d(I,) =
=>(S): (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z 3)2 = 6

Tm ta tip im ca (S) v :
* Cch 1:
Gi M l tip im ca (S) v ; M
=> M (-3t, 3 + 4t, 6 + 2t )
= ( -3t 1, 4t + 5, 2t + 3)
251
= 0 t = -1=> M ( 3, -1, 4)
* Cch 2:
(-3t 1)2 + (5 + 4t)2 + (3 + 2t)2 = 6
29t + 58t + +29 = 0 t = -1 => M (3, -1, 4 )
Cn nh cc tnh cht quan trng
2
1/ Cho 2 vect khng cng phng
Nu ng thng d vung gc vi
[ , ]
th d c 1 vtcp l
2/ Nu ng thng d1 qua im A v vung gc ng thng d2

th d1 nm trong mt phng qua A v vung gc d2.
3/ Nu ng thng d1 qua im A v ct ng thng d2 th d1
nm trong mt phng qua A v d2.
4/ Nu ng thng d qua im A v song song mt phng (P) th
d nm trong mt phng qua A v song song (P).
Ch :
Cch tm giao im ca 2
ng thng d1 v d2 ( d1 cha
bit pt, d2 bit pt)
- Tm 1 mt phng cha d1
- Tm giao im M ca v d2: M cng chnh l giao im ca
d1 v d2
Sau y l cc dng ton thng gp cn s dng cc tnh cht
trn:
Dng 1: Vit pt ng thng qua im A v vung gc 2
ng thng d1, d2.
* Phng php:
=>
252
=>
l ng thng qua A v c vtcp

V d:
Vit pt ng thng qua im A ( -2, 0, 6 ) v vung gc 2
ng thng
d1:
; d2:
Gii:
Ta c:
= (1, -1, 2),
= (2, 1, -3) =>
= (1, 7, 3)
=> :
Dng 2: Vit pt ng thng qua im A, nm trn mt phng (P)
(hay song song mt phng (P))v vung gc ng thng d .
* Phng php:
-
=> c vtcp l
=>
- l ng thng qua A v c vtcp

V d:
Cho ng thng d:
5y 3z + 8 = 0 v im
, mt phng (P): 2x
A(3, -4, 1)
a/ Vit pt ng thng 1 qua A, nm trn (P) v vung gc d

b/ Vit pt ng thng 2 qua A, song song mt phng (Oxy) v
vung gc d
Gii:
a/ Ta c:
= (2, -1, 3),

=>
= (2, -5, -3)

= (-18, -12, 8) =-2(9, 6, -4)
253
=> 1:
b/ Mt phng (Oxy) c vtpt
D 2 //(Oxy)
D 2 ^ d
=>
= (0, 0, 1)
=>
= (1, 2, 0)
Dng 3: Vit pt ng thng i qua im A, vung gc ng

thng d1 v ct ng thng d2
* Phng php 1:
-
Tm mt phng (P) qua A v ^ d1
- Tm B = (P) d2
- l ng thng qua 2 im A, B.
* Phng php 2:
- Gi B = d2
- Tm ta im B t iu kin :
AB . a d1 = 0
- l ng thng qua 2 im A, B
V d:
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
v d2:
Vit pt ng thng i qua im A(0, 1, 1), vung gc ng

thng d1 v ct ng thng d2
254
Gii:
* Cch 1:
Gi (P) l mp qua A v ^ d1 =>
= (3, 1, 1)
=> (P): 3(x 0) + 1(y 1) + 1(z 1) = 0 3x + y + z 2 = 0

Gi B = (P) d2 => B(-1, 2, 3)
= (-1, 1, 2) => :
* Cch 2:
Gi B = d2 => B(-1, t, 1+t)
= (-1, t - 1, t);
= (3, 1, 1)
Ta c:
^ d1 <=>
=>
= 0 -3 + t 1 + t = 0 t = 2
= (-1, 1, 2) => :
Dng 4: Vit pt ng thng i qua im A, vung gc v ct

ng thng d.
(y l trng hp c bit ca dng 3)
*Phng php1:
- Tm mt phng (P) qua A v ^ d.
- Tm B = (P) d.
- l ng thng qua 2 im A,B.
*Phng php2:
- Gi B = d.
- Tm ta im B t iu kin:
=0
255
l ng thng qua 2 im A,B.

V d: Cho ng thng d l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng:
: 5x + y + z +2 = 0;
: x y + 2z + 1 = 0
Vit pt ng thng i qua im A(2,-1,0), vung gc v ct

ng thng d.
Gii:
Cch 1:
Ta c:
3(1,-3,-2)
= (5,1,1),
= (1,-1,2) =>
Gi (P) l mp qua A v ^ d =>
=[
] = (3,-9,-6) =
= 3(1,-3,-2)
=> (P): 1(x-2) 3(y+1) 2z = 0 x 3y 2z -5 = 0

Gi B = (P) d
Ta im B l nghim ca h pt:
=> B(0,-1,-1)
= (-2,0,-1) => :
Cch 2:
Chn im M(0,-1,-1) => d:
Gi B = d => B(t,-1-3t,-1-2t) =>
= (t-2,-3t,-1-2t)
Ta c:
^ d
=>:
256
= 0 t =0 =>
= (-2,0,-1)
Dng 5: Vit pt ng thng i qua im A, song song mt phng

(P) v ct ng thng d
* Phg php 1:
- Tm mt phng (Q) qua A v song song (P)
- Tm B = (Q) d.
* Phng Php 2:
- Gi B = d
- Tm ta im B t iu kin:
.
=0

V d:
Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng i qua im A(3,1,-4), ct trc Oy v song song mt phng (P): 2x + y = 0
Gii:
* Cch 1:
Gi (Q) l mp qua A v // (P) => (Q): 2x + y + D = 0
(D 0)
A (Q) => 6 1 + D = 0 => D = -5 => (Q): 2x + y 5 = 0

Gi B = (Q) Oy => B(0,5,0)
=>
= (-3,6,4) => :
x
y-5 z
=
=
-3
6
4
* Cch 2:
Gi B = Oy => B(0,t,0)
=
Ta c: // (P)
= (-3,t+1,4),
.
= (2,1,0)
= 0 -6 + t + 1 = 0 => t = 5
257
=>
= (-3,6,4) => :
Dng 6: Vit phng trnh ng thng qua im A v ct 2 ng

thng d1, d2 (d1,d2 cho nhau; A d1, A d2)
* Phng php:
- Gi l mp qua A v d1; l mp qua A v d2; =
=> l ng thng qua A v c vtcp
- Chng minh
song song d1 v d2)
=[
khng cng phng
]
(tc l khng
=> l ng thng (duy nht) tha yu cu bi ton

V d:
Cho im A(1,-1,1) v 2 ng thng:
d1:
d2:

b/ Vit pt ng thng qua A v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
Gii:
a/ Chn M(1,0,3) d1 v
N(-2,3,0) d2 v
Ta c: [
= (2,1,-1)
= (1,-2,1)
] = (-1,-3,-5),
=> [
].
= (-3,3,-3)
= 9 0 => d1 v d2 cho nhau.
b/ Gi l mp qua A v d1; l mp qua A v d2; =

Ta c:
= (0,1,2),
=[
258
= (-3,4,-1)
] = (-3,4,-2),
=[
] = (2,2,2)
=>
Nhn thy
=[
] = (12,2,-14) = 2(6,1,-7)
khng cng phng vi
=> l t tha yu cu bi ton.

Vy: :
Ch rng iu kin
khng cng phng vi
v
l
cn thit, nu khng cha chc ct c d1 v d2. Ta xem v d sau:
Cho im A(0,-1,2) v 2 ng thng:
d1:
Chn M(-2,1,2) d1,

N(1,-1,1) d2,
d2:
= (1,3,2)
= (1,2,1)
= (3,-2,-1), [
[
] = (-1,1,-1)
= -5 0 => d1,d2 cho nhau
].
Gi l mp qua A v d1; l mp qua A v d2; =

=[
=[
Ta c
] = (4,4,-8);
,
=[
] = (2,-2,2)
] = (-8,-24,-16) = -8(1,3,2) = -8
cng phng
v khng cng phng
=> // d1 v ct d2.
R rng khng ct c d1 v d2.
Dng 7: Vit pt ng thng song song ng thng d v ct hai
ng thng d1, d2.
* Phng php 1:
- Gi l mt phng qua d1 v //d; l mt phng qua d2 v // d
= .
259
- l ng thng qua im M v c vtcp

M d)
(nu
* Phng php 2:
- Gi M = d1, N = d2
- Tm ta 2 im M,N t iu kin:
cng phng
- l ng thng qua M v c vtcp
.
=
(nu M d)
V d:
Vit pt ng thng song song trc Ox v ct 2 ng thng:
d1:
d2:
Gii
Cch 1:
Chn A(0,0,1) d1,
B(2,-1,-1) d2,
= (1,2,3)
= (-1,3,2)
Gi l mp qua d1 v // Ox
l mp qua d2 v // Ox
Gi =
; Ox c vtcp i = (1,0,0)
=[
, ] = (0,3,-2) => : 3y 2z + 2 =0
=[
, ] = (0,2,-3) => : 2y 3z 1 = 0
Chn im M(0,
l t qua M v c
260
) ; M Ox
= = (1,0,0) => :
Cch 2:
Pt tham s ca d1, d2:
d1:
d2:
Gi M = d1, N = d2 =>
M(t,2t,1+3t), N(2-t,-1+3t,-1+2t)
= (-t-t+2,3t-2t-1,2t-3t-2); Ox c vtcp = (1,0,0)
// Ox nn:
cng phng
=k
k = 3
t = - 4
t = - 5
=> M(
) , M Ox
=>:
Dng 8: Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc mt phng (P)

v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
Ta c th coi bi ton ny thuc dng 7:
Vit phng trnh ng thng song song ng thng d (c
vtcp
= ) v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
261
V d: (H.07A)
Cho 2 t d1:
; d2:

b/ Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc mp (P): 7x + y 4z
= 0 v ct 2 ng thng d1,d2.
Gii:
a/ d1 c pt tham s:
Chn A(0,1,-2) d1 ;
B(-1,1,3) d2 ;
[
= (2,-1,1)
= (2,1,0)
] = (-1,2,4) ;
=> [
= (-1,0,5)
= 21 0 => d1, d2 cho nhau.
].
b/ Gi M = d d1, N = d d2.
=> M(2t, 1-t, -2+t), N(-1+2t,1+t,3)
= (2t-2t-1,t+t,5-t);
= (7,1,- 4)
Ta c:
d ^ (P)
cng phng
d l t qua M v c
=>M(2,0,-1)
= (7,1,-4)
=> d:
Dng 9: Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trn mt phng (P)
v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
262
* Phng php:
- Tm A = (P) d1;
B = (P) d2.

V d:
Cho mt phng (P): x y + 2z 7 = 0 v 2 ng thng:
d1:
x = 2 - t
d2: y = 4 + 2t
z = 3
a/ Vit pt ng thng 1 nm trn (P) v ct 2 ng

thng d1, d2.
b/ Vit pt ng thng 2 ct 2 ng thng d1, d2, bit 2 nm
trn mt phng qua im M(-2,1,-1) v song song mt phng (P).
Gii:
a/ Gi A = (P) d1,
B = (P) d2
D dng tm c : A(0,1,4), B(3,2,3)

=>
= (3,1,-1) => 1:
b/ Gi (Q) l mp qua M v // (P)

=> (Q): x y + 2z + 5 = 0
Gi C = (Q) d1, D = (Q) d2
D dng tm c: C(2,-1,-4), D(-1,10,3)
= (-3,11,7)
=> 2:
Cc bi ton lin quan n gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht
Cc phng php thng s dng:
263
Phng php 1: S dng kho st hm s

V d: (H.07D)
Cho 2 im A(1,4,2), B(-1,2,4) v ng thng :
a/ Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua trng tm G ca

OAB v vung gc mt phng (OAB)
b/ Tm ta im M sao cho MA2 + MB2 nh nht
Gii:
a/ Trng tm G(0,2,2)
=[
] = (12,-6,6) = 6(2,-1,1)
=> d:
; M => M(1-t,-2+t,2t)
b/ Ta c :
MA2 + MB2 = 12t2 48t +76

Xt hs f(t) = 12t2 48t +76
f(t) = 0 t = 2
f(t) = 24t 48 ;
t
f(t)
f(t)
2
- 0
+
+
+
28
Do : MA2 + MB2 nh nht f(t) nh nht t = 2
Vy M(-1, 0, 4)
264
Cch khc:
MA2 + MB2 = 12t2 48t +76 =12(t2-4t+ )
= 12[(t-2)2 + ] = 12(t-2)2 + 28 28 " t
Do :
MA2 + MB2 nh nht du = xy ra t = 2 => M(-1,0,4)
Phng php 2: S dng tam gic vung
Cn nh: Cho ABC vung
ti B. Ta c:
AB AC, BC AC
V d 1: (H.08A)
Cho im A(2,5,3) v ng thng d:
a/ Tm ta hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn ng thng d.
b/ Vit phng trnh mt phng cha d sao cho khong cch t
A n ln nht.
Gii:
a/ d:
= (2,1,2)
Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn d => H(1+2t,t,2+2t)

=>
= (2t-1,t-5,2t-1)
Ta c:
.
= 0 t = 1 => H(3,1,4)
265
b/ Gi K l hnh chiu ca A trn => AK = d(A,)

AKH vung : AK AH (khng i)
Do :
AK ln nht AK = AH K H
Vy mp tha ycbt khi qua H v nhn
= (1,-4,1) lm vtpt
=> : (x-3) 4(y-1) + 1(z-4) = 0 x 4y +z 3 = 0

V d 2: (H.09B)
Cho mt phng (P): x 2y +2z 5 = 0 v 2 im A(-3,0,1),
B(1,-1,3)
Trong cc ng thng i qua A v song song (P), hy vit pt
ng thng m khong cch t B n ng thng l nh nht.
Gii:
Gi l t qua A v // (P) => nm
trong mp (Q) qua A v // (P)
(Q): x 2y + 2z + D = 0 (D -5)
A (Q) => -3 + 2 + D = 0 => D = 1
=> (Q): x 2y + 2z + 1 = 0
Gi H,K ln lt l hnh chiu ca B trn , (Q) => d(B,) =BH
BKH vung: BH BK (khng i)
Do :
BH nh nht BH = BK H K
Vy t tha ycbt khi qua 2 im A,K =>
K (Q) => K(2y 2z 1,y,z) =>
cng phng
266
= (2y2z2, y+1,z-3)
=> K(
) =>
= (26,11,-2)
=> :
Phng php 3: S dng tam gic thng
Cn nh: Cho ABC. Ta c:
AB + AC BC
|AB - AC| BC
V d 1: Cho ng thng d:
v 2 im
A(1,2,-1), B( 7,-2,3 )
a/ Chng minh 2 ng thng d v AB cng nm trn mt mt
phng. Vit pt mt phng y.
b/ Tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng d v AB.
c/ Tm ta im M d sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
Gii:
a/Ta c d:
= (3,-2,2),
= (6,-4,4) = 2
v A d
=> d // AB => d v AB cng nm trong mp

Chn C(-1,2,2) d
Ta c:
=[
] = (6,13,4)
=> : 6(x-1) + 13(y-2) + 4(z+1) = 0 6x + 13y + 4z -28 = 0

b/ V d // AB nn:
d(d,AB) = d(A,d) =
=
267
c/ Gi A l im i xng ca A qua d. Ta c:
MA = MA => MA + MB = MA + MB AB
Do :
MA + MB nh nht MA +
MB nh nht
du = xy ra
M Mo = AB d
Gi H = AA d => H(-1+3t,2-2t,2+2t)
=>
.
= (3t-2,-2t,2t+3)
= 0 t = 0 => H(-1,2,2) (chnh l im C)
H l trung im AA => A(-3,2,5)

Mo l trung im AB => Mo(2,0,4)
Vy M(2,0,4)
V d 2:
Cho 2 im A (2, 1, 3), B (-1, 4, -5). Tm ta im M mt
phng (Oxy) sao cho
ln nht
Gii:
Nhn xt: A v B nNhn
xt : A v B nm khc pha i
vi mp (Oxy) v zA.zB < 0
Gi A l im i xng vi
A qua mp (Oxy) => A (2, 1, -3)
Ta c:
MA = MA =>
AB
Do :
ln nht
268
ln nht
Du = xy ra
M Mo = AB (Oxy)
Mo (Oxy) => Mo (x, y, 0)
= (-3, 3, -2),
= (x 2, y 1, 3)
Ta c:
Mo, A, B thng hng
cng phng
=> Mo (
Vy M (
Phng php 4: S dng bt ng thc

Ta c th s dng nh ngha v GTLN, GTNN; cc bt ng
thc Cauchy, C.B.S, chng minh.
V d 1:
Cho 2 im A (4, -6, 3), B (5, -7, 3). Tm im M Oz
khong cch t M n ng thng AB nh nht.
Gii:
Ta c: M Oz => M (0, 0, z)
= (-4, 6, z-3),
d(M, AB) =
= (1, -1, 0),
= (z 3, z 3, -2)
( M, AB) nh nht d(M, AB) =
"z
z=3
269
M (0, 0, 3)
V d 2:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua im M (2, 1, 4) v ct cc
tia Ox, Oy, Oz ln lt ti A, B, C sao cho th tch t din OABC nh
nht.
Gii:
Gi A (a, 0, 0), B (0, b, 0), C (0, 0, c)
=> (P):
=1 ;
(a, b, c > 0)
M (P)=>
Th tch t din OABC: V = abc

Ta c:
1=
abc 216
(bt Cauchy)
=> V 36
Do :
V nh nht Du = xy ra
(P):
Gii ton Hnh khng gian bng phng php ta
Phng php:
- Tm 3 ng thng i mt vung gc mhau ti mt im (v
d O).
270
- Chn h trc ta c gc l O v 3 trc ta nm ln lt

trn 3 ng thng .
- Xc nh ta ca cc im cn tm ri dng cc cng thc v
cc tnh cht ca hnh hc trong khng gian Oxyz gii .
Ch :
Nu ch c 2 ng thng vung gc nhau th ta v thm 1
ng thng na sao cho 3 ng thng ny to nn mt h trc
ta .
V d 1(H.09A):
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A
v D ; AB=AD=2a CD=a ; gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABCD)
bng 60 0 . Gi I l trng im AD. Bit hai mt phng (SBI) v (SCI)
cng vung gc mt phng (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
theo a.
Gii:
Din tch hnh thang ABCD:
S ABCD =
1
1
( AB + CD ) AD = (2a + a )2a = 3a 2
2
2
V (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc

(ABCD) nn: SI ^ (ABCD)
V ng thng: Iy//AB. Ba
ng thng IA,Iy,IS i mt vung
gc nhau ti I. Chn h trc ta Ixyz
nh hnh v.
Gi S(0,0,z) (z>0) .Ta c:
B(a,0,0) , C(-a,a,0). Mp(SBC) c vtpt:
n = BC , BS = (-az,2az,3a 2 )
Mp(ABCD) c vtpt k = (0,0,1)

Ta c:
cos((SBC),(ABCD)) = cos60 0
n.k
nk
3a 2
a z + 4a z + 9a
2
1
2
271
27a 2
3a 15
3a 15
z=
SI =
5
5
5
1
1 2 3a 15 3a 3 15
Th tich khi chp: V= S ABCD .SI = .3a .
=
3
3
5
5
V d 2 (H.09D):
Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam gic
vung ti B, AB=a, AA=2a , AC=3a. Gi M l trung im AC , I
l giao im ca AM v AC. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din IABC
v khong cnh t A n mp(IBC)
Gii:
*Th tch t din IABC:
AC 2 = A' C 2 - AA'2 = 9a 2 - 4a 2 = 5a 2
AC = a 5
BC 2 = AC 2 - AB 2 = 5a 2 - a 2 = 4a 2
BC = 2a
Din tch tam gic ABC:
z2 =
1
S ABC = AB.BC = a 2
2
Ba ng thng AB, BC, BB i mt

vung gc nhau ti B. Chn h trc ta
Bxyz nh hnh v. Ta c:
A(a,0,0),
A(a,0,2a),
C(0,2a,2a), B(0,0,0)
C(0,2a,0),
a
M l trung im AC nn M( , a,2a )
2
a
x = a - 2 t
a
AM = (- , a,2a) AM : y = at
2
z = 2at
272
x = -at '
A' C = (-a,2a,-2a) A' C : y = 2a + 2at '

z = -2at '
I=AM A' C I (
2 a 2a 4 a
, , )
3 3 3
4a
3
Th tch t din IABC:
1
1
4a 4 a 3
V= S ABC .d ( I , ( ABC )) = .a 2 . =
3
3
9
3
* Khong cch t A n (IBC):
8a 3 4 a 2
4a 2
Mp(IBC) c vtpt n = BI , BC = (,0,
)=( 2,0,-1)
3
3
3
2a
(IBC): 2x-z=0 d(A,(IBC)) =
5
V d 3 (H.08A):
Cho lng tr ABC.ABC c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC
l tam gic vung ti A, AB=a, AC=a 3 v hnh chiu vung gc
ca nh A trn mt phng (ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC . Tnh
theo a th tch khi chp A.ABC v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai
ng thng AA v BC.
Gii:
d(I,(ABC))=
* Th tch khi chp A.ABC:
BC
= a, AH=a 3
2
1
1 1
a3
V= S ABC . A' H = . . AB. AC. A' H =
3
3 2
2
Ta c: BC= 2a, AH=
* Tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng

thng AAv BC:
V ng thng Az vung gc mp(ABC).
273
Ba ng thng AB, AC, Az i mt vung gc nhau ti A.

Chn h trc ta Axyz nh hnh v.
Ta c: BC//BC (AA,BC) = (AA,BC)= a
a a 3
A(0,0,0), B(a.0.0), C(0,a 3 ,0), A( ,
, a 3)
2 2
a a 3
AA' = ( ,
, a 3 ) , BC = ( - a, a 3 ,0)
2 2
Do : cos a =
AA'.BC
AA'.BC
a 2 3a 2
+
2
2
a
3a
+
+ 3a 2 . a 2 + 3a 2
4
4
1
4
BI TP TNG HP
Bi 1: Cho 2 ng thng d1:
d2:
a/ Vit pt ng thng 1 song song Ox v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
b/ Vit pt ng thng 2 vung gc mt phng (Oxz) v ct 2
ng thng d1, d2.
c/ Vit pt ng thng 3 nm trn mt phng : 25x -3y + 11z
= 0 v ct 2 ng thng d1, d2.
d/ Gi AB l ng vung gc chung ca d1 v d2 ( A d1, B
d2 ). Vit pt mt cu (S) ng knh AB.
Gii
a/ pt tham s ca d1, d2
d1:
; d2:
Gi M = 1 d1, N = 1 d2 => M (t, 2 - t, -4 + 2t), N (-8 + 2t,

6 + t , 10 t)
274
= (2t t 8, t + t + 4, -t 2t + 14) ; Ox c vtcp i =(1,0,0)

V t 1 // Ox nn:
cng phng
= k.
k = -70
t = 18
t = -22
=> M (18, -16, 32);
= = (1, 0, 0); M Ox.
=> 1:
b/ Gi C = 2 d1, N = 2 d2 => C (t, 2 t, -4 + 2t), D (-8 +
2t, 6 + t, 10 t)
= (2t t 8, t + t + 4, -t 2t + 14); (Oxz) c vtpt = (0, 1, 0)
2 vung gc (Oxz)
cng phng
=> C (4, -2, 4);
=m
= = (0, 1, 0)
=> 2:
c/ Gi E = d1, F = d2 => 3 l t qua 2 im E, F.
Ta im E l nghim ca h pt:
275

=> E (1, 1, -2)
Ta im F l nghim ca h pt:
=> F (-2, 9, 7)
3 l t qua E v c vtcp
= (-3, 8, 9)
3:
d/Ta c: A d1 A(t, 2 t, -4 +2t); B d2 B( -8 + 2t, 6 +
t, 10 t )
AB = ( 2t t 8, t + t + 4, - t 2t + 14 )
a d1 = (1,-1,2) ,
a d 2 = (2,1,-1)
ng thng AB l ng vung gc chung ca d1 v d2 nn:

6t + t - 16 = 0
t = 2
AB . a d1 = 0

t + 6t - 26 = 0
t = 4
AB . a d = 0
2
A( 2, 0, 0 ), B( 0, 10, 6 )
(S) c tm I( 1, 5, 3 ), bn knh R = IA = 1 + 25 + 9 = 35
(S): ( x 1 )2 + ( y 5 )2 + ( z 3 )2 = 35
276
Bi 2:
Cho 2 mt phng: : 2x y + z + 2 = 0 ;
: x + y + 2z 1 = 0
a/ Chng minh rng v ct nhau. Tnh gc gia v .

b/ Tm im M thuc trc Ox sao cho khong cch t M n
bng 3 ln khong cch t M n .
c/ Vit pt ng thng d i qua A( 3, 2, -2 ) v song song vi 2
mt phng v .
d/ Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua B( 0, 4, -1 ) v vung gc vi 2
mt phng v .
Gii
a/ Ta c:
2 -1
v ct nhau.
1
1
n b = ( 1, 1, 2 )
na = ( 2, -1, 1 ) ;
na . nb
cos(, ) =
na . n b
3
6. 6
1
(a , b ) = 600
2
b/ M Ox M( m, 0, 0 )
Ta c:
d(M,) = 3d(M,)
2m + 2
m -1
1
=3
2m + 2 = 3 m - 1 m = 5 m =
5
6
6
1
Vy c 2 im M: M( 5, 0, 0 ) v M ,0,0
5

c/ d // v d // a d = na , n b = ( -3, -3, 3 ) = -3( 1, 1, -1 )
277
d:
x-3 y -2 z +2
=
=
1
1
-1

d/ (P) ^ v (P) ^ => n p = na , n b = -3(1, 1, -1)
=> (P): 1(x 0) + 1(y 4) 1(z + 1) = 0 x + y z -5 = 0

Bi 3: Cho 2 im A (0, 0, -3), B (2, 0, -1) v mt phng (P): 3x 8y
+ 7z 1 = 0
a/ Tm im C (P) sao cho ABC vung cn ti C
b/ Tm im D (P) sao cho ABD nhn im G (
lm
trng tm.
c/ Tm im E thuc giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P) v (Oxz) sao
cho ABE c din tch bng 4.
d/ Tm im F (P) sao cho ng thng IF song song ng
thng
bit I l trung im ca AB.
d:
Gii:
a/ Ta c: C (P) => 3x 8y + 7z -1 = 0 (1)

= (x, y, z + 3);
= (x 2, y, z + 1)
ABC vung cn ti C
(1) v (2) cho : z = - x- 1, y =
278
Thay vo (3):
2
x(x 2) +
+ (- x + 2)(-x) = 0
9x2 - 12x + 4 = 0 x = => y = - , z = Vy C ( , -
b/ Ta c: D (P) => D (x, y,
G l trng tm ABD nn:
x A + x B + x D = 3 xG
y A + y B + y D = 3 yG
z + z + z = 3z
B
D
G
A
Vy D (
c/ Ta c:
E (P) (Oxz) => E (x, 0,
= (2, 0, 2);
=>
iu kin x
= (x, o,
= (0,
=> SABE =
Do :
SABE = 4
=4 x=5 v x=279
Vy c 2 im E: E (5, 0, -2) v E ( - , o, )
d/ Ta c: F (P) => F (x, y,
I (1, 0, - 2),
IF // d
- 3x + 8 y + 1
)
7
- 3 x + 8 y + 15
= x - 1, y,
= (1, 1, 1);
- 3x + 8 y + 15
x -1 y
7
= =
1
1
1
cng phng
x - y = 1
3 x - y = 15
x = 7
y = 6
Vy F(7, 6, 4)
Bi 4: Cho 2 ng thng:
; d:
d:
Vit phng trnh ng thng qua giao im M ca d v d,

bit to vi trc Ox gc 60o v to vi trc Oz gc 45o
Gii:
D dng tm c M (1, 0, -2)
Gi
= (a, b, c) l 1 vtcp ca ( a2 + b2 + c2 0)
Vtcp ca Ox, Oz ln lt l = (1, 0, 0),
= (0, 0, 1)
Ta c:
280
Thay (2) vo (1):

a= b.
a= - b =>
= 2b2 c= b
=> =(-b, b, b
)=b(-1, 1,
(ta phi c b 0 v nu b = 0 => a=c=0: mu thun v a2 + b2 +

c2 0)
=> :
a=b =>
=2b2 c=b
=> =(b, b, b
)=b(1, 1,
=> :
Bi 5: Cho ng thng d:
v im A (-1, 0, 2)
Vit phng trnh ng thng qua A, ct d v to vi d

gc 30o
Gii:
Gi B = d => B (t, -t, 1 + t)
=
=(t + 1, -t, t 1),
=(1, -1, 1)
Ta c:
cos(,d) = cos 30o
=
2|t|=
t=
281
t=
:
=
=> :
t=
x +1
2 +1
y
- 2
z-2
2 -1
:
=
=> :
Bi 6: Cho 2 mt phng:
: x + y + z + 4 = 0;
: x + y + 1 = 0
Vit pt mt phng (P) qua im M (-1, 1, 1), vung gc mt

phng v hp vi mt phng gc 60o
Gii:
( a2 + b2 + c2 0)
Gi:
Ta c:
(P) ^
(1, 1, 1),
n b =(1,1,0)
= 0 a + b + c = 0 c = - a b
cos (P, ) = cos 60o
a2+b2 c2 + 4ab=0 a2+b2 (a + b)2 + 4ab = 0

ab = 0 a = 0 v b = 0
a = 0 => c = - b =>
=> (P): 1(y 1) 1(z 1) = 0 y z = 0
b = 0 => c = - a => nR =(a,0,-a)=a(1,0,-1)
=> (P): 1(x + 1) 1(z 1) = 0 x z + 2 = 0
282
Bi 7: Cho mt phng (P): x + 2y z + 5 = 0 v ng thng d:

.
Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua d v hp vi (P) mt
gc nh nht.
Gii:
Chn A (-1, -1, 3) d,
Gi
= (2, 1, 1),
= (1, 2, -1)
= (a, b, c) ( a2 + b2 + c2 0)
Ta c:
= 0 2a + b + c = 0 c = - 2a b
cos (P,Q)=
Hai trng hp:

1/ a = 0 => b0: cos (P,Q)=
3+3
2/ a 0: cos (P,Q)=
b
a
b2
b
6 5+2 2 +4
a
a
(t =
=> cos2(P,Q) =
Xt hm s: f(t) = .
= .
=> f(t) = .
f(t) =0 t = -1
283
f(t)
-1
-
f(t)
0
=>O f(t) <
O cos2(P,Q) <
O cos(P,Q) <
Hai trng hp trn cho : O cos(P,Q)

Do :
(P,Q) nh nht cos (P,Q) ln nht cos (P,Q)=
=> a = 0 => c = - b =>
= (0, b, -b) = b(0, 1, -1)
=> (Q): 1(y + 1) 1(z 3) = 0 y z + 4 = 0

Bi 8: Cho mt phng (P): x 2y + z 1 = 0 v 2 im A (1, 0, 2),
B(-1, 2, 0)
a/ Tm im C (P) sao cho ng thng OC qua trung im I
ca AB (O l gc ta )
b/ Tm im D (P) sao cho ng thng ID vung gc ng
thng d:
v ID =
c/ Tm di nh nht ca vect
mt phng (P)
khi M di ng trn
d/ Tm gi tr nh nht ca MA+MB khi M di ng trn mt

phng (P)
Gii:
a/ C (P) => C (2y z + 1, y, z) =>
284
= (2y z + 1, y, z)
I (0, 1, 1) =>
= (0, 1, 1)
ng thng OC qua I O, C, I thng hng
=k
Vy C (0, -1, -1)

b/ D (P) => D (2y z + 1, y, z) =>
1);
= (1, -1, -2)
= (2y z + 1, y - 1, z -
Do :
2 y - z + 1 - y + 1 - 2 z + 2 = 0
2
2
2
(2 y - z + 1) + ( y - 1) + ( z - 1) = 11
y = 3z - 4
2
2
2
(5 z - 7 ) + (3 z - 5) + ( z - 1) = 11
y = 3z - 4
2
35 z - 102 z + 64 = 0
17 44 32
Vy c 2 im D: D (3, 2, 2) v D - ,- ,
7 35 35
c/ Ta c:
= 2MI
MI nh nht IM ^ (P)
285
=> Gi tr nh nht ca
l: d (I,(P)) =
d/ t: f(x, y, z) = x 2y + z -1
=> f(xA, yA, zA). f(xB, yB, zB) = 2(- 6 ) = -12 < 0 => A v B nm
khc pha i vi (P)
Ta c:
MA + MB AB (khng i)
Du = xy ra khi M = AB (P)
Gi tr nh nht ca MA + MB l AB =
=2
Bi 9:
Cho ng thng d:
v 2 im A (1, 1, 1),
B (1, -5, -2)

a/ Chng minh 2 ng thng AB v d cng nm trn 1 mt
phng
b/ Tm ta im M d sao cho
ln nht.
Gii:
a/Ta c d:
Chn M(-1, 2, 1) v N (1, -1, 0) d
= (2, -3, -1)
Ta c:
= (-2, 1, 0),
=>
=>
(0, -2, -1),
= (0, -6, -3)
= (-1, -2, 4)
= 12 12 = 0
=> A, B, M, N ng phng => AB v d cng nm trn 1 mp

286
Cch khc:
Pt ng thng AB:
Xt h pt:
H ny c nghim duy nht => d ct AB ti im I(1, -1, 0) => d

v AB cng nm trn mt mt phng.
b/ Ta c: = (0, 2, 1),
= (0, -4, -2) = -2
=> A, B nm khc pha i vi d
Gi A l im i xng ca A qua d. Ta c:
MA = MA =>
=
AB
Do :
ln nht
ln nht Du =
xy ra MMo = d A B
Gi H = AA d => H(-1+2t,2-3t,1-t)
= (-2+2t,1-3t,-t)
.
=> H(0,
= 0 -4 + 4t 3 + 9t + t = 0 t =
)
287
H l trung im AA => A(-1,0,0)

Mo d => Mo (-1+2t,2-3t,1-t)
= (2t,2-3t,1-t),
A' B = (2,-5,-2)
Mo,A,B thng hng

2t 2 - 3t 1 - t
=
=
t = -1
2
-5
-2
cng
phng
=> Mo(-3,5,2). Vy M(-3,5,2)

d1:
d2:
x y z
= =
1 1 2
v mt phng (P): x y + z = 0
Tm ta cc im M d1 v N d2 sao cho ng thng MN
// (P) v MN =
Gii:
Ta c: M d1 => M(-1-2t,t,1+t)
N d2 => N(t,t,2t)
= (1,-1,1),
V t MN // (P) v MN =
= (t+2t+1,t-t,2t-t-1)
nn:
t + 2t + 1 - t + t + 2t - t - 1 = 0

2
2
2
(t + 2t + 1) + (t - t ) + (2t - t - 1) = 2
t = -t
t = -t
2
2
2
2
14t + 8t = 0
(t + 1) + (- t - t ) + (3t + 1) = 2
288
t = t = 0:
M(-1,0,1), N(0,0,0) => MN nm trn (P) (loi)
t=
, t = :
M(
), N(
Bi 11: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x 6y + m = 0 v ng

thng d l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng:
: 2x 2y z + 1 = 0, : x + 2y 2z 4 = 0
Tm m d ct (S) ti im M, N sao cho MN = 9
Gii:
(S) c tm I(-2,3,0), bn knh R =
=[
(m < 13)
] = (6,3,6) = 3(2,1,2)
Chn A(-2,0,-3)
=> d:
Gi H l hnh chiu ca I trn d
=> H(-2+2t, t, -3+2t), HM =
= (2t, t-3, -3+2t)

.
= 0 t = 1 => H(0,1,-1) => IM2 = IH2 + HM2 =
M: R = IM R2 = IM2 13-m =
m=
(tha k m
< 13)
Bi 12: Cho 3 im A(1,-1,2), B(2,0,3), C(3,2,-1). Vit pt mt cu (S)
c tm thuc mt phng (Oyz) v tip xc mt phng (ABC) ti A.
289
Gii:
Gi I (Oyz) l tm ca (S) => I(0,y,z)
Ta c:
= (-1,y+1,z-2),
= (1,1,1),
= (2,3,-3)
(S) tip xc mp (ABC) ti A nn:
= (-1, , ) => R = |
=> I(0,
, )
|=
=> (S): x 2 + (y + )2 + (z- )2 =

: mx + y z 1 = 0;
: x + my z 4 = 0
nh m giao tuyn ca v vung gc ng thng :
Gii:
Ta c:
= (m,1,-1),
= (1,m,-1),
= (1,-1,-1)
] = (m-1,m-1,m2-1)
v ct nhau [
Gi d =
= (m-1,m-1,m2-1)
d ^
=>
m1
= 0 m 1 m + 1 m2 + 1 = 0 m = 1
Do iu kin m 1 nn m = -1
Bi 14: Cho 2 im A(2,1,-2), B (0,2,-2) v mt phng :
x + 3y +2z 1 = 0
a/ Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua ng thng AB v vung gc
290
b/ Vit pt mt phng (Q) i qua ng thng AB v hp vi mt

phng (Oxy) gc 45o
Gii:
a/ Ta c:
= (-2,1,0),
=[
= (1,3,2)
] = (2,4,-7)
=> (P): 2x + 4(y-2) 7(z+2) = 0 2x + 4y 7z 22 = 0

b/ Gi
= (a,b,c) (a2 + b2 + c2 0),
(Q) i qua AB =>
= (0,0,1)
= 0 -2a + b = 0 b = 2a
cos((Q),(Oxy)) = cos45o
2c2 =
c2 = 5a2 c = a
c=a
=>
= (a,2a,a
=>(Q): x + 2(y-2) +
x + 2y +
c=-a
=>
=>x + 2y -
) = a(1,2,
(z+2) = 0
z4+2
= (a,2a,- a
z4-2
=0
) = a(1,2,-
=0
Bi 15: Cho im A(-2,4,3) v mt phng (P): 2x 3y + 6z + 19 = 0

a/ Vit pt mt phng (Q) qua A v song song (P). Tnh khong
cch gia (P) v (Q)
b/ Vit pt mt cu (S) tip xc (Q) ti A v tip xc (P)
Gii
a/ (Q) // (P) => (Q): 2x 3y + 6z + D = 0 (D19)
A (Q) - 4 - 12 + 18 + D = 0 => D = - 2
291
=> (Q): 2x 3y + 6z 2 = 0
d((P),(Q)) = d(A,(P)) =
- 4 - 12 + 18 + 19
4 + 9 + 36
b/ Gi d l t qua A v ^ (Q) =>
=3
= (2,-3,6)
=> d:
Gi I l tm ca (S) => I d => I(-2+2t,4-3t,3+6t)
(S) tip xc vi (P) v (Q) nn:
d(I,(P)) = d(I,(Q))
t= => I( -
3
14
17 65 12
, , )
7 14 7
Bn knh ca (S): R = d((P),(Q)) =

=> (S): (x+
17 2
65 2
12
) + (y ) + (z - )2 =
7
14
7
Bi 16: Cho 2 im A(1,-1,0), B(2,0,-1) v mt phng (P): 2x + y + z

+ 1 = 0. Tm ta im C (P) sao cho mp(ABC) vung gc
mp(P) v ABC c din tch bng
.
Gii:
Ta c : C (P) => C(x,y,-2x-y-1)
= (1,1,-1),
292
= (x-1,y+1,-2x-y-1),
= (2,1,1)
=[
] = (-2x, x+y+2,-x+y+2)
(ABC) ^ (P)
SABC = |[
= 0 y = 2x 2
.
]|
4x2 + (x+y+2)2 + (-x+y+2)2 = 56

14x2 = 56 x2 = 4
Vy c 2 im C: C(2,2,-7) v C(-2,-6,9)
Bi 17: Cho 4 im: A(3,-1,0), B(0,-7,3) v C(-2,1,-1), D(5,4m-1,m2)
a/ Tm m 4 im A,B,C,D to thnh 1 t din c th tch nh
hn 8.
b/ Tm ta im M mt phng (Oxz) sao cho di ca
vect
+2
+3
nh nht.
Gii
a/ Bn im A,B,C,D to thnh 1 t din
A,B,C,D khng ng phng [
Ta c:
[
= (-3,-6,3),
,
= (-5,2,-1),
].
= (2,4m,m2)
] = (0,-18,24)
=> [
VABCD = |[
].
= -72m+24m2 0 m 0 v m 3
].
| = |4m2 12m|
Do :
VABCD < 8 |4m2-12m| < 8 -8 < 4m2 -12m < 8
m 2 - 3m + 2 > 0
2
m - 3m - 2 < 0
293
<m<1 2<m<
Do iu kin m 0 v m 3 nn: m (
(2,
,1)
)\{0,3}
b/ M (Oxz) => M(x,0,z)
+2
=> |
" x,z
+3
= (-3-6x,-12,3-6z)
+2
+3
12
|=
Do :
|
+ 2
+ 3
| nh nht du = xy ra
Vy: M(
,0, )
Bi 18: Cho ABC c A(2,-1,6), B(-3,-1,-4), C(5,-1,0)

Tnh bn knh ca ng trn ni tip ABC
Gii
= (-5,0,-10),
= (3,0,-6),
= (8,0,4)
= 24 24 = 0 => ABC vung ti C

Gi p, r ln lt l na chu vi v bn knh ca ng trn ni tip
ABC
Din tch ABC:
S= AC.BC = pr => r =
294
AB = 5
, AC = 3
=> r =
, BC = 4
, p = (AB+AC+BC) = 6
Bi 19: Vit pt chnh tc ca ng thng qua A(3,-1,-4), ct trc

Oy v song song mt phng : 2x + y = 0
Gii:
.Cch 1:
Gi l mp qua A v // v B = Oy
=> l t qua A,B
Ta c:
// => : 2x + y + D = 0
(D 0)
A => 6 1 + D = 0 => D = -5
=> : 2x + y 5 = 0
B = Oy => B(0,5,0)
=
= (-3,6,4)
=> :
.Cch 2: Gi B = Oy => B(0,y,0)
=
= (-3,y+1,4),
Ta c: //
3,6,4)
= (2,1,0)
= 0 -6 + y + 1 = 0 => y = 5 =>
= (-
=> :
v 2 mt phng:
(): 5x 4y + z 6 = 0; (): 2x y + z + 7 = 0
295
a/ Gi A l giao im ca d v (). Tm ta im M thuc ()

sao cho ng thng AM vung gc ()
b/ Vit pt mt cu (S) tm A, bit () ct (S) theo 1 ng trn c
chu vi bng
Gii:
a/ Ta im A l nghim ca h pt:
M () => M(x,y,-2x+y-7)
= ( x 1, y, - 2x + y 8 ),
= ( 5, -4, 1 )
V AM ^ () nn:
cng phng
4 x + 5 y = 4
11x - 5 y = -39
7 8 1
Vy M - , ,
3 3 3
b/ Gi r l bn knh ca ng trn giao tuyn

Ta c: 2r =
=> r =
h = d(A,) =
Gi R l bn knh ca (S): R2 = r2 + h2 =
Vy (S): (x-1)2 + y2 + (z-1)2 =
296
=> A(1,0,1)

d:
; d1:
; d2:
Vit pt ng thng song song ng thng d v ct 2 ng

thng d1,d2.
Gii
Cch 1:
Chn A(1,0,0) d1 v
B(0,-1,0) d2 v
= (2,1,-1)
= (1,-2,3)
Gi l mp qua d1 v // d; l mp qua d2 v // d
=> =
// d =>
= (1,-1,1)
=[
] = (0,3,3) = 3(0,1,1)
=[
] = (-1,-2,-1) = -(1,2,1)
: y + z = 0
: x + 2(y+1) + z = 0 x + 2y + z + 2 = 0
Chn M(0,-2,2) , M d.
=> qua M v c vtcp
= (1,-1,1)
=> :
Cch 2:
Gi M = d1 , N = d2
=> M(1+2t,t,-t), N(t,-1-2t,3t)
=>
= (t-2t-1,-2t-t-1,3t+t)
V // d nn:
297
cng phng
t '-2t - 1 - 2t '-t - 1 3t '+t

=
=
1
-1
1
=> M(-1,-1,1) v
t = -1

t = 1
= (2,-2,2) = 2(1,-1,1); M d
=> :
Bi 22: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 + 2my 4z + m2 -13 = 0 v t
:
Gi l hnh chiu ca trn mt phng (Oyz). Tm m
tip xc (S).
Gii
(S) c tm I(0,-m,2), bn knh R =
Ly 2 im trn : A(1,2,-3) v B(-4,3,1)

A v B c hnh chiu trn mp(Oyz) ln lt l A(0,2,-3) v
B(0,3,1)
chnh l ng thng qua 2 im A,B => c vtcp
(0,1,4)
Ta c: d(I, ) =
Do :
tip xc (S) d(I, ) = R
=
298
m=1 m
Bi 23: Cho mt cu (S): (x-1)2 + (y+1)2 + z2 = 11 v 2 ng thng:

d1:
d2:
a/ Vit pt mt phng (P) tip xc (S) v song song vi 2 ng

thng d1, d2
b/ Vit pt ng thng qua tm ca (S) v ct 2 ng thng
d1,d2
Gii:
a/ (S) c tm I(1,-1,0), bn knh R =
Chn A(0,-1,1) d1 v
= (1,1,2)
B(-1,0,0) d2 v
= (1,2,1)
Ta c:
=[
] = (-3,1,1) => (P): -3x + y + z + D = 0
(P) tip xc (S) d(I,(P)) = R
D = 15 D = -7
Vy c 2 mp (P): -3x + y +z + 15 = 0 v -3x +y +z 7 = 0

b/ Gi l mp qua I v d1; l mp qua I v d2 => =
Ta c:
=[
] = (-1,3,-1);
=> a D = [
=> :
] = (-13,-6,-5);
=[
] = (1,2,-5)
khng cng phng
x -1 y +1
z
=
=
- 13
-6
-5
Bi 24: Cho mt phng (P): 3x + 5y z + 31 = 0, ng thng d:

v im A(1,0,-1)
a/ Vit pt ng thng d1 qua A, song song (P) v vung gc d.
b/ Vit pt ng thng d2 qua A, song song (P) v ct d.
299
c/ Tm ta im B sao cho (P) l mt phng trung trc ca

on AB
Gii:
a/ Ta c:
=>
= (3,5,-1),
=> d1 c 1 vtcp l
= (2,4,1) =>
=[
= (9,-5,2)
=> d1:
b/ Cch 1:
Gi (Q) l mp qua A v // (P); M = (Q) d
=> d2 l t qua 2 im A, M
Ta c:
(Q) // (P) => (Q): 3x + 5y z + D = 0 (D31)
A (Q) => 3 + 1 + D = 0 => D = -4
=> (Q): 3x + 5y z 4 = 0
Ta im M l nghim ca h pt:
= (-4,3,3)
=> d2:
Cch 2:
d c pt tham s:
Gi M = d2 d => M(-5+2t,-1+4t,1+t)
300
=> M(-3,3,2)
= (2t-6,4t-1,t+2);
= (3,5,-1)
Ta c:
d2 // (P)
.
= 0 6t 18 + 20t 5 t 2 = 0 t = 1
=>
=
= (-4,3,3)
=> d2 :
x -1 y z +1
= =
-4
3
3
c/ Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn (P) => H l trung im ca AB

Ta c H (P) => H(x, y, 3x + 5y + 31) =>
=(x 1, y, 3x +
5y + 32)
x - 1 y 3x + 5 y + 32
cng phng
= =
3
5
-1
H (-2, -5, 0)
H l trung im ca AB => B (-5, -10, 1)

Bi 25:
Cho 2 ng thng
d:
d:
a/ Tm a d v d ct nhau
b/ Gi A l giao im ca d v d. Vit pt ng thng MN( M
d, N d)sao cho im H (0, 2, - 2) l hnh chiu vung gc ca A
trn ng thng MN.
Gii:
a/ Xt h pt:
H ny c nghim duy nht nn d, d ct nhau. Vy a = 0

301
b/ Ta c: A (1, 2, 3);
x = 1
d: y = t
z = -1 + 2t
M d, N d => M (1, t, -1 + 2t), N (1- t, 2 + 2t, 3 t)

= (-t, 2t-t+2, -t 2t +4),
= (1, t 2, 2t + 1),
= (-1,
0, -5)
- t ' 2t '-t + 2 - t '-2t + 4
=
=
1
t-2
2t + 1
- 1 - 10t - 5 = 0
13
t ' = 3

t = - 3
5
3 11
13 169 13 13
M 1,- ,- ; MN = - ,
, = (- 5,13,1)
5 5
3 15 15 15
x = 1 - 5t
MN: y = - + 13t
5
11
z = - 5 + t
: 2kx + y z + 1 = 0
; : x ky + z 1 = 0
a/ Chng minh rng 2 mt phng v lun ct nhau vi mi k

b/Gi d l giao tuyn ca v . Tm k d nm trn mt phng
(Oyz)
Gii: a/
302
=(2k, 1, -1),
=(1, -k, 1)
= (1-k, -1-2k, -2k2-1) 0 " k (v -2k2-1 0
Ta c:
" k)
=> v lun ct nhau " k

b/ * Cch 1:
d nm trn (Oyz)
v s nghim
v s nghim
v s nghim
k=1
* Cch 2:
Nhn thy im A (0, 0, 1) => d v (Oyz) c im
chung l A " k
Ta c:
= = (1, 0, 0)
Do : d nm trn (Oyz)
= 0 1- k = 0 k = 1
Bi 27:
Cho 2 mt phng
: x + mz m = 0;
: (1 m)x my = 0
Tm m v ct nhau. Trong trng hp chng t

giao tuyn d ca v lun nm trn 1 mt phng c nh khi
m thay i.
Gii:
Ta c:
=>
=(1, 0, m),
=(1 m, - m, 0)
=(m2, m m2, -m)

303
Do :
v ct nhau
0 m0
Ta c: d = =>
=(m2, m m2, -m)
Nhn thy im A (0, 0, 1) => A d

Gi (P) l mp c nh qua A v c
=(a, b, c) ( a2 + b2 + c2 0)
Ta c:
D (P) " m 0 ad .nP = 0 " m 0
am2 + b(m m2) cm = 0 " m 0
(a b)m2 + (b c)m = 0
" m0
a=b=c
=>
= (a, a, a) = a(1, 1, 1) (Ta phi c a0. V nu a = 0 =>
a = b = c = 0: mu thun)
=> (P): x + y + 1(z 1) = 0 x + y + z 1 = 0
Bi 28: (H.03A)
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho hnh hp ch nht
ABCD.ABCD c A trng vi gc O, B (a, 0, 0), D (0, a, 0), A(0, 0,
b) (a>0, b>0 ). Gi M l trung im CC.
a/ Tnh th tch khi t din BDAM theo a v b
b/ Xc nh t s
2 mt phng (ABD) v (MBD) vung gc
vi nhau
Gii:
a/ Ta c:
A(0, 0, 0), M (a, a, )
304
=(-a, a, 0),
= (0, a,
=(-a, 0, b),
V=
b/ mp(ABD) c pvt
= (ab, ab, a2)
mp (MBD) c pvt
=(
Do :
(ABD) ^ (MBD)
=0
=0
a2(b2 a2) = 0
a2 = b2 a = b (do a > 0, b > 0)
Bi 29: (H.02B)
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a
a/ Tnh theo a khong cch gia 2 ng thng AB v BD
b/ Gi M, N, P ln lt l cc trung in ca cc cnh BB, CD,
AD.
Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng MP v CN

Gii:
a/ Chn h trc ta Axyz nh hnh v. Ta c:
A (0, 0, 0), B(a, 0, 0), D(0, a, 0), B (a, 0, a), C(a, a, a), D (0, a, a),
305
C (a, a, 0), M (a, 0,

(
), N
), P (0, , 0)
= (a, 0, a),
= (-a, a, a)
= (- a2, - 2a2, a2),

= (a, 0, 0)
=> d(AB,BD) =
b/
= (- a,
=>
=
,
= (-
= 0 =>
=> (MP,CN) = 90o
BI TP N LUYN
Bi 1: a) Cho 3 im A = ( 2; 5; 3 ), B = ( 3; 7; 4), C = ( x; y; 6 )
Tm x, y A, B, C thng hng.
b) Cho 2 im A ( -1; 6; 6 ); B ( 3; -6; -2 ). Tm im M thuc mp
( Oxy ) sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
Bi 2: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD. Bit A ( 1; 0; 1 ); B ( 2; 1; 2);
D ( 1; -1; 1);
C ( 4; 5; -5). Tm to cc nh cn li.
Bi 3: Chng t 4 im sau y l 4 nh ca mt hnh bnh hnh v
tnh din tch ca hnh bnh hnh : ( 1; 1; 1 ), ( 2; 3; 4 ), ( 6; 5; 2 ), (
7; 7; 5 ).
Bi 4: a) Tm trn trc Oy im cch u hai im A ( 3; 1; 0 ), B ( 2; 4; 1 ).
306
b) Tm trn mp Oxz im cch u 3 im A ( 1; 1; 1 ), B ( -1; 1;

0 ), C( 3; 1; -1)
Bi 5: Cho 2 im A( 2; -1; 7 ), B( 4; 5; -2 ). ng thng AB ct mp
(Oyz) ti im M. im M chia on thng AB theo t s no? Tm
to im M.
Bi 6: Cho u ( 2; -1; 1 ), v ( m; 3; -1 ), w ( 1; 2; 1 ). Tm m 3 vect

ng phng.
Bi 7: a) Cho vect a ( 1; m; -1 ) v b ( 2; 1; 3 ). Tm m a
^ b.
b) Cho vect a ( 1; log35; m ) v b ( 3; log53; 4 ). Tm m a
^ b.
c) Cho vect a ( 2; -1; 0 ). Tm b cng phng vi a , bit rng

a . b = 10
Bi 8: a) Cho vect a ( 1; -2; 3 ). Tm b cng phng vi a , bit
rng b to vi Oy mt gc nhn v b = 14
b) Vect u c di bng 2, to vi vect a ( 1; 1;1 ) gc 300,
to vi vect b ( 1; 1; 0 ) gc 450. Tm to vect u .
c) Vect u vung gc vi vect a ( 1; 1; 1 ) v vect b ( 1; -1;
3 ), u to vi trc Oz mt gc t v u = 3. Tm to vect u .
Bi 9: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho 4 im: A( 1; 1; 0 ), B( 0; 2;
1 ), C( 1; 0; 2 ), D( 1; 1; 1 ).
307
a) Chng minh 4 im A, B, C, D khng ng phng. Tnh th

tch t din ABCD.
b) Tm to trng tm ca tam gic ABC, trng tm t din
ABCD.
c) Tnh din tch cc mt ca t din.
d) Tnh di cc ng cao ca khi t din.
e) Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng AB v CD.
f) Vit pt mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Bi 10: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho 3 im A( 1; 0; 0 ), B( 0;
0; 1 ), C( 2; 1; 1 )
a) Chng minh A, B, C l 3 nh ca 1 tam gic.
b) Tnh chu vi, din tch tam gic ABC.
c) Tm to im D ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
d) Tnh di ng cao hA ca tam gic ABC.
e) Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC.
f) Xc nh to trc tm tam gic ABC.
g) Xc nh to tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 11: Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC c
A( 1; 2; -1 ), B( 2; -1; 3 ), C( -4; 7; 5 )
a) Tnh di ng cao hA ca tam gic k t nh A.
b) Tnh di ng phn gic trong ca tam gic v t nh B.
Bi 12: Cho t din ABCD c: A( 2; 1; -1 ), B( 3; 0; 1 ), C( 2; -1; 3 )
v D thuc trc Oy. Bit VABCD = 5. Tm to nh D.
Bi 13: Cho 4 im A( 2; 0; 0 ), B( 0; 4; 0 ), C( 0; 0; 6 ), D( 2; 4; 6 ).
Tm tp hp nhng im M sao cho: MA+ MB + MC + MD = 4.
308
Bi 14: a) Bn im A( -1; 2; 3 ), B( 2; -4; 3 ), C( 4; 5; 6 ), D( 3; 2; 1

) c thuc cng mt mp khng?
b)Tm a 4 im A( 1; 2; 1 ), B( 2; a; 0 ), C( 4; -2; 5 ), D( 6; 6; 6
) thuc cng mt mt phng.
c) Cho 3 im A( 1; 1; 1 ), B( 3; -1; 1 ), C( -1; 0; 2 ). im C c
thuc mp trung trc ca on thng AB khng ?
Bi 15: Vit pt mp i qua im M( 1; 2; 4 ), ct cc trc to Ox,
Oy, Oz ti cc im A, B, C sao cho OA = OB = OC.
Bi 16: Vit pt mp i qua im M( 1; 1; 1 ), ct cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ti
cc im A, B, C sao cho th tch ca t din OABC c gi tr nh
nht.
Bi 17: a) Tm a 2 mp x -
1
y - z + 5 = 0 v
4
x sin a + y cos a + z sin 3 a + 2 = 0 vung gc nhau.
b) Tm a u = ( sin a ; 0; sin a cos2 a ) song song vi

mp ( P ): x + y + 2z + 6 = 0
Bi 18: Cho 2 im A( 0; 0; -3 ), B( 2; 0; -1 ) v mp ( P ): 3x 8y +
7z 1 = 0
a)
Tm to giao im I ca ng thng AB vi mp ( P ).
b) Tm to im C nm trn mp (P) sao cho tam gic ABC l

tam gic u.
Bi 19: a) Vit pt mp (P) cha trc Oz v to vi mp( a ):
2 x + y - 5 z = 0 mt gc 600.
b) Vit pt mp (Q) qua A( 3; 0; 0), C( 0; 0; 1 ) v to vi mp (
Oxy) mt gc 600.
Bi 20: Cho t din ABCD vi A( 3; 5; -1 ), B( 7; 5; 3 ), C( 9; -1; 5),
D( 5; 3; -3 ). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua ng thng AB v
chia t din ABCD lm hai phn c th tch bng nhau
309
Bi 21: Tm pt ng thng trong mi trng hp sau:

a) i qua A( 4 ; 3; 1) v song song vi ng thng
x = 1 + 2t
D : y = -3t
z = 3 + 2t
b) i qua A( 1; 2; -1 ) v song song vi ng thng

x + y - z + 3 = 0
D:
2 x - y + 5 z - 4 = 0
c) i qua A( -2; 1; 0) v vung gc vi mp ( a ) :
x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0
d) i qua A( 2; -1; 1) v vung gc vi 2 ng thng:
x + y + 1 = 0
v
2 x - z = 0
2 x + y - 1 = 0
z = 0
x = 1 + 2t
Bi 22: Vit pt hnh chiu ca ng thng d: y = -2 + 3t ln lt

z = 3 + t
trn cc mp (Oxy),(Oxz),(Oyz) v mp a :x+y+z-7=0

Bi 23: a) Tm tp hp cc im trong khng gian cch u 3 im
A( 1; 1; 1 ), B( -1; 2; 0 ), C( 2; -3; 2 ).
b) Tm qu tch cc im M cch u 2 trc to Ox, Oy v
im A(1; 1; 0 ).
Bi 24: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
2 x + y + 1 = 0
3 x + y - z + 3 = 0
, D2 :
D1 :
x - y + z - 1 = 0
2 x - y + 1 = 0
Chng minh D 1, D 2 ct nhau.
310
x = t
Bi 25: Cho ng thng d : y = t

v mp ( a ): 2x + y z + 5 =
z = 1 + 3t
0. Chng t d song song vi (a ) . Tm khong cch t d n (a )

Bi 26: a) Tm gc gia ng thng
x + 3 y -1 z - 2
v mi
=
=
2
1
1
trc to .
b) Tm gc gia mi cp ng thng:
x = 1 + 2t
a ) y = -1 + t
z = 3 + 4t
x = 2 - t'
y = -1 + 3t '
z = 4 + 2t '
x -1 y + 2 z + 2
=
=
3
1
4
x + 2 y - z + 1 = 0
2 x + 3 z - 2 = 0
b)
Bi 27: Tm gc gia ng thng D v mp ( a ) trong cc trng

hp sau:
x = 1 + 2t
a) D : y = -1 + 3t
z = 2 - t
b) D :
x-3 y -5 z
=
= v
-4
-5
1
( a ): 2x y + 2z 1 = 0
( a ): 3x y + z 1 = 0
311
Bi 28: a) Tm to hnh chiu (vung gc) ca im M( 1; -1; 2 )

trn mp ( a ):2x y + 2z + 12 = 0.
b) Cho 4 im A( 4; 1; 4 ), B( 3; 3; 1 ), C( 1; 5; 5 ), D( 1; 1; 1 ).
Tm to hnh chiu ca D trn mp ( ABC ).
c) Cho 3 im A( 1; 1; 2 ), B( -2; 1; -1 ), C( 2; -2; -1 ). Tm to
hnh chiu ca gc O trn mp ( ABC ).
Bi 29: Tm to im i xng ca M( 2; -3; 1 ) qua mp ( a ): x +
3y z + 2 = 0.
Bi 30: a) Cho 2 im A( 3; 1; 0 ), B( -9; 4; 9 ) v mp ( a ): 2x y + z
+ 1 = 0. Tm ta im M trn ( a ) sao cho MA - MB t gi tr
ln nht.
b) Cho 2 m A( 3; 1; 1 ), B( 7; 3; 9 ) v mp ( a ): x + y + z + 3
= 0. Tm M trn ( a ) MA+ MB t gi tr nh nht.

Bi 31: a) Cho 3 im A( -1; 3; 2 ), B( 4; 0; -3 ), C( 5; -1; 4 ). Tm to
hnh chiu H ca im A trn ng thng BC.
x+2 y+2
z
v im M( 4; -3; 2
=
=
3
2
-1
). Tm to hnh chiu H ca im M trn ng thng d.
b) Cho ng thng d :
Bi 32: a) Tm to im i xng ca M( 2; -1; 1 ) qua ng

x = 1 + 2t
thng d: y = -1 - t
z = 2t
b)Tm ta im i xng ca M( -3,1,-1) qua ng thng d l

giao tuyn ca hai mp
4x-3y-13=0 v y-2x+5=0
Bi 33: Vit pt ng vung gc chung ca cc cp ng thng
sau:
312
x -2 y -3
=
=
2
3
x +1 y - 4
d ':
=
=
3
-2
a) d :
x = 2 + t
b) d : y = 1 - t
z = 2t
z+4
-5
z-4
-1
v giao tuyn ca 2 mp x + 2 z - 2 = 0 ,
y -3= 0
c) d l giao tuyn 2 mp x + y + z - 3 = 0 , y + z - 1 = 0 v d l
giao tuyn ca 2mp x - 2 y - 2 z + 9 = 0 , y - z + 1 = 0
Bi 34: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho 2 ng thng:
x = 1 + 2t
d : y = -1 + t v d l giao tuyn ca 2 mp 3 x - z - 7 = 0 ,
z = 2 - t
3x + 3 y - 2 z - 17 = 0
a) Chng minh d v d cho nhau v vung gc nhau.
b) Vit pt mp (P) qua d v vung gc vi d. Tm to giao
im H ca d v (P).
c) Vit pt ng vung gc chung ca d v d'
Bi 35: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, xt ng thng
mx + y - mz - 1 = 0
Dm :
x - my + z - m = 0
a) Chng minh gc gia D m v trc Oz khng i; khong cch
gia D m v Oz khng i.
b) Tm tp hp cc giao im M ca D m v mp ( Oxy ) khi m
thay i.
313
Bi 36: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho 2 ng thng : d 1 l giao

tuyn ca 2mp x - 8 z + 23 = 0 , y - 4 z + 10 = 0 v d 2 l giao tuyn ca
2 mp x - 2 z - 3 = 0 , y + 2 z + 2 = 0
a) Vit pt cc mp P1, P2 ln lt i qua d1, d2 v song song vi
nhau.
b) Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2.
c) Vit pt ng thng D song song vi Oz, ct d1 v d2.
Bi 37: Trong khng gian to Oxyz, xt mt phng:
(a m ) : 3mx + 5
1 - m 2 y + 4mz + 20 = 0 , m [ -1; 1 ].
a) Tnh khong cch t gc O n ( a m ).

b) Chng minh "m [ -1; 1 ], ( a m ) tip xc vi mt mt cu
c nh.
c) Vi gi tr no ca m, hai mp ( a m ) v ( Oxz ) ct nhau? Khi
m thay i, chng minh rng cc giao tuyn song song hoc trng
nhau.
Bi 38: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho ng thng d v mt
x - 12 y - 9 z - 1
phng ( P ) c phng trnh: d :
, ( P ): 3x +
=
=
4
3
1
5y z 2 = 0
a) Tm to giao im A ca ng thng d vi mp (P). Tnh
gc gia d v (P).
b) Vit pt mp ( P ) qua im M( 1; 2; -1 ) v vung gc vi
ng thng d.
c) Vit pt hnh chiu vung gc d ca d trn mp ( P ).
d) Cho im B( 1; 0; -1 ), hy tm to im B sao cho mp ( P
) l mp trung trc ca on thng BB.
314
e) Vit pt ng thng D nm trong mp ( P ), vung gc v ct

ng thng d.
Bi 39: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh l a. Xt 2 im
M AD' , N DB sao cho AM = DN = k ( 0 < k < a 2 ) v P l
trung im ca BC.
a) Tnh cosin ca gc gia 2 ng thng AP v BC.
b) Tnh th tch khi t din APBC.
c) Chng minh MN lun song song vi mp ( ADCB ) khi k
bin thin.
d) Tm k on MN ngn nht.
e) Khi on MN ngn nht, CMR: MN l ng vung gc
chung ca AD v DB v MN song song vi AC.
Bi 40: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M( 1; -1; 1 )v ct
x = 1 + 2t
x = -2 + t
2 ng thng sau (d1 ): y = t

; (d2): y = 3 - 2t
z = 3 - t
z = t
Bi 41: Vit pt ng thng nm trong mp (P): y + 2z = 0 v ct c 2

x = 1 - t
x = 2 - t
ng thng:( d1): y = t ; (d2): y = 4 + 2t

z = 4t
z = 1
5 x - 3 y + 2 z - 5 = 0
Bi 42: Chng t ng thng
nm trong mp
2 x - y - z - 1 = 0
4x 3y + 7z 7 = 0
Bi 43: Cho ng thng d l giao tuyn ca 2 mp x - 2 z = 0 ,
3x - 2 y + z - 3 = 0 v mp ( a ): ( m + 4 )x + ( 5m 6 )y + ( 3m 8 )z
7 = 0. Tm m (d) ^ ( a )
Bi 44: Cho mp ( P ): x + y + z = 0 v ng thng d l giao tuyn ca
2 mp x + 2 y - 3 = 0 , 3 x - 2 z - 7 = 0
315
a) Xc nh giao im A ca (d) v (P).

b) Vit pt ng thng ( D ) i qua A, vung gc vi (d) v nm
trong mp (P).
Bi 45: Lp pt ng thng qua A( 0; 1; 1 ) vung gc vi ng
x = -1
x -1 y + 2 z
thng
=
= v ct ng thng y = t
3
1
1
z = 1 + t
Bi 46: D ABC c A( 1; -1; -2 ), B( -1; 0; 6 ) v C( 5; 9; -12 )

a) Tm to hnh chiu vung gc ca im A ln BC.
b) Vit pt mp cha BC v vung gc vi mp (ABC).
Bi 47: Cho mp (P): 2x + y z 6 = 0. Tm im i xng ca gc O
qua mp (P).
Bi 48: Tm im i xng ca A( -3; 1; -1 ) qua ng thng d l giao
tuyn ca 2 mp 4 x - 3 y - 13 = 0 , y - 2 z + 5 = 0
Bi 49: Vit pt hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng
x +1 y z - 6
(d): d :
= =
trn mt phng (P): 3x 2y z + 15 = 0.
-4
1
5
x = 1 - t
x = 2t
; (D 2 ) : y = 1 - t
z = -t
z = t
Bi 50: Cho 2 ng thng (D1 ) : y = t
a) CMR: ( D 1) v ( D 2) cho nhau.

b) Lp pt ng vung gc chung ca 2 ng thng trn.
c) Tm 2 im ni ( D 1) v ( D 2) m khong cch gia chng
ngn nht.
x - 8 z + 23 = 0
d) Bi 51: Cho 2 ng thng (d1):
v
y - 4 z + 10 = 0
(d2):
x - 2z - 3 = 0
y + 2z + 2 = 0
316
a)
CMR: (d1) v (d2) cho nhau.
b)
Tnh khong cch gia (d1) v (d2).
Bi 52: Tnh khong cch t im M( 1; 3; 5 ) n ng thng

2 x + y + z - 1 = 0
(d):
3x + y + 2 z - 3 = 0
Bi 53: Cho 2 im A(3; -2; -1), B(6; 1; 2) v mp ( a ): 2x y + 2z
1=0
a) Vit pt ng thng AB.
b) Vit pt mp cha ng thng AB v to vi mp ( a ) mt gc
0
45 .
Bi 54: Cho 2 mp ( a ): x + y + z + 4 = 0 , ( b ): x + y + 1 = 0.
a) Vit pt tham s ca ng thng i qua A( 3; 1; 2 ) v song
song vi c 2 mp ( a ),( b ).
b) Vit pt mp (P), bit rng (P) qua M( -1; 1; 1 ) vung gc vi
mp ( a ) v hp vi mp ( b ) mt gc 60 0 .
x = -4 + t
Bi 55: Cho im A( 1; -2; 3 ) v ng thng (D ) : y = 1 - 2t .

z = 4 - 3t
Tm im i xng ca A qua (D ) .
Bi 56: Cho 2 ng thng: (d1):
x -1 y +1 z - 2
=
=
3
-1
2
x +1 y -1 z - 3
=
=
;
1
2
-1
(d2):
a) Tnh khong cch gia (d1) v (d2).

b) Vit pt ca ng thng qua im M( 1; 1; 1 ) vung gc vi
(d1) v ct (d2).
317
Bi 57: Cho hai ng thng:

x - 3z + 5 = 0
; (d 2 ) :
2 y - z - 4 = 0
y + z - 2 = 0
(d1 ) :
2x + z + 4 = 0
a) Chng t rng (d1) v (d2) cho nhau.

b) Vit pt ng vung gc chung ca (d1) v (d2).
Bi 58: Cho mp (P):x + y + z 1 = 0 v 2 im A( 1; -3; 0 ), B( 5; -1;
-2 ).
a) Chng t rng ng thng AB ct mp (P) ti im I thuc
on AB. Tm to im I.
b) Tm trn mp (P) im M sao cho MA - MB c gi tr ln
nht.
Bi 59: Cho 2 im A( -1; 3; -2 ), B( -9; 4; 9 ) v mp (P): 2x y + z +
1 = 0.
a)Chng t rng ng thng AB ct mp (P) ti im I nm
ngoi on AB.
b)Tm to im A i xng ca A qua (P).
c)Tm im M trn mp (P) sao cho AM + BM c gi tr nh
nht.
Bi 60: Lp pt ng thng qua M( -4; -5; 3 ) v ct 2 ng thng :
x +1 y + 3 z - 2
x - 2 y +1 z -1
=
=
v
=
=
3
-2
-1
2
3
-5
x - 2z = 0
Bi 61: Lp pt mp cha ng thng:
v vung
3x - 2 y + z - 3 = 0
gc vi mp: x 2y + z + 5 = 0.
Bi 62: Vit pt ng thng i qua im M( 2; -1; 0 ); vung gc v
ct ng thng d l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng 5 x + y + z + 2 = 0 ,
x - y + 2z + 1 = 0
318
Bi 63: Cho im A( 1; -1; 1 ) v 2 ng thng: (d1):

x = t
y = -1 - 2t ;(d2):
z = -3t
x = t
y = 1 + 2t CMR (d1), (d2) v A cng nm trn 1 mp.

z = 4 + 5t

x + 8 y - 6 z - 10
=
=
.
2
1
-1
x y-2 z+4
; (d2):
=
=
1
-1
2
a)Vit pt ng thng (d) song song vi Ox v ct (d1) ti M, ct

(d2) ti N. Tm to M, N.
b)A l im trn (d1), B l im trn (d2), AB vung gc vi c
(d1) v (d2). Vit pt mt cu ng knh AB.
x - 3 y -1 z -1
=
=
;
-7
2
3
(d2):
x -7 y -3 z -9
. Lp pt chnh tc ca ng thng (d3) i
=
=
1
2
-1
xng vi (d2) qua (d1).
Bi 66: Cho mp (P): x + y + x + 3 = 0 v 2 im M1( 3; 1; 1 ) v M2(
7; 3; 9 ). Tm M trn mp (P) MM 1 + MM 2 t gi tr nh nht.

Bi 67: Cho t din ABCD vi A( 2; -1; 6 ), B( -3; -1; -4 ), C( 5; -1; 0
), D( 1; 2; 1 ).
a) Chng minh rng tam gic ABC vung. Tnh bn knh ng
trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
b) Tnh th tch t in ABCD.
(d1):
x -1 y - 2
z
;
=
=
1
2
-2
(d2):
x-2 y-2
z
=
=
2
4
-4
319
(d3):
x y z -1
;
= =
2 1
1
(d4):
x - 2 y z -1
= =
2
2
-1
a) Chng minh rng 2 ng thng (d1) v (d2) cng nm trn 1

mp. Vit pt ca mp .
b) Chng minh rng tn ti 1 ng thng (d) ct c 4 ng
thng cho. Vit pt chnh tc ca ng thng (d).
x - 2 y + 2 z -1
=
=
; (d2):
3
4
1
x -7 y -3 z -9
x +1 y + 3 z - 2
=
=
; (d3):
=
=
. Lp pt ng
1
2
-1
3
-2
-1
thng ct (d1), (d2) v song song vi (d3).
Bi 70: Cho ng thng (d):
x -3 y -4 z +3
v mp (P): 2x +
=
=
1
2
-1
y + z 1 = 0.
a)Tnh s o ca gc to bi (d) v (P).
b)Tm to giao im A ca (d) v (P).
c)Vit pt ca ng thng (D ) i qua A, vung gc vi (d) v
nm trong mp (P).
x + 2z + 2 = 0
v
y +1 = 0
x = 1 + t
(d2): y = 2 - t
z = 2t
a)Chng minh rng (d1) v (d2) khng ct nhau nhng vung gc

nhau.
b) Vit pt mp cha (d1) v vung gc vi (d2).
c) Vit pt ng vung gc chung ca ( d1 ) v ( d 2 )
320
x +1 y -1 z - 2
v mp (P): x y
=
=
2
1
3
z 1 = 0. Vit pt chnh tc ca (d) i qua A( 1, 1, -2 ) song song vi
mp (P) v vung gc vi (d).
Bi 73: Cho mp (P): x + y z + 1 = 0 v 2 ng thng:

2 y - z + 1 = 0
(d1):
,
x + 2 y = 0
3 y - z + 12 = 0
(d2):
x - z + 2 = 0
Gi (d1) v (d2) ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca (d1) v (d2)

ln (P).
a) Vit pt mp (P1) cha (d1) v vung gc vi (P).
b) Tm to giao im I ca (d1) v (d2).
Bi 74: Cho tam gic ABC c A( 1; 2; 5 ) v pt 2 trung tuyn l
x - 3 y - 6 z -1
x-4 y-2 z-2
;
. Vit pt chnh
=
=
=
=
-2
2
1
1
-4
1
tc cc cnh ca tam gic .
Bi 75: Cho t din ABCD vi A( 1; 0; 2 ), B( 1; 1; 0 ), C( 0; 0; 1 ) v
D( 1; 1; 1 ) .
a) Tnh th tch ca t din.
b) Vit pt ng cao DH ca t din.
c) Vit pt mp tip xc vi mt cu ngoi tip t din ti A.
Bi 76: Trong khng gian vi h to cac vung gc Oxyz cho hai
ng thng:
x - 2 y + z - 4 = 0
D1 :
x + 2 y - 2z + 4 = 0
x = 1 + t
v D2 : y = 2 + t
z = 1 + 2t
321
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng D1 v song

song vi ng thng D 2 .
b) Cho im M(2; 1 ; 1). Tm to im H thuc ng thng
D 2 sao cho on thng MH c di nh nht. (H.02A)
Bi 77: Cho hnh lp phng ABCDA1B1C1D1 c cnh bng a.
a) Tnh theo a khong gia hai ng thng A1B v B1D.
b) Gi M, N, P ln lt l cc trung im ca cc cnh BB1, CD,
A1D1. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MP v C1N. (H.02B)
Bi 78: Trong khng gian vi h to ecac vung gc Oxyz
cho ng thng
x + 3ky - z + 2 = 0
dk:
kx - y + z + 1 = 0
Tm k ng thng dk vung gc vi mt phng (P): x-y2z+5=0 (H.03D)
Bi 79: 1. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hnh lng tr
ng ABCA1B1C1. Bit A(a; 0; 0),B(-a; 0; 0), C(0; 1; 0), B1(-a; 0; b)
a>0,b>0.
a) Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng B1C v AC1 theo a,b.
b) Cho a, b thay i nhng lun tho mn a+b=4. Tm a, b
khong cch gia hai ng thng B1C v AC1 ln nht.
2. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho ba im A(2;0;1),
B(1;0;0), C(1;1;1) v mt phng (P) : x +y + z -2 = 0. Vit phng
trnh mt cu di qua 3 dim A,B,C v c tm thuc mt phng(P).
(H.04D)
Bi 80: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho ng thng:
d:
322
x -1 y + 3 z - 3
=
=
v mt phng (P): 2x + y - 2z + 9=0
-1
2
1
a) Tm to im I thuc d sao cho khoang cch t I n mt

phng (P) bng 2.
b) Tm to giao im A ca ng thng d v mt phng (P).
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng D nm trong mt phng
(P), bit D i qua A v vung gc vi d. (H.05A)
Bi 81: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hnh lng tr ng
ABC.A1B1C1 vi A(0; -3; 0), B(4; 0; 0), C(0; 3; 0), B1(4; 0; 4).
a) Tm to cc nh A1, C1. Vit phng trnh mt cu c tm
l A v tip xc vi mt phng (BCC1B1).
b) Gi M l trung im ca A1B1 . Vit phng trnh mt phng
(P) i qua hai im A, M v song song vi BC1. Mt phng (P) ct
ng thng A1C1 ti im N. Tnh di MN. (H.05B)
Bi 82: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hai ng thng:
d1:
x -1 y + 2 z +1
v d2:
=
=
3
-1
2
x + y - z - 2 = 0
x + 3 y - 12 = 0
a) Chng minh rng d1 v d2 song song vi nhau. Vit phng

trnh mt phng (P) cha c hai ng thng d1 v d2.
b) Mt phng to Oxz ct hai ng thng d1 , d2 ln lt ti
cc im A, B. Tmh din tch tam gic OAB (O l gc to ).
(H.05D)
Bi 83: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho im M (0; 1; -3),
im N(2; 3; 1).
a) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua N v
vung gc vi MN.
b) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt cu (S) i qua im M,
im N v tip xc vi mt phng (P). (H.05D)
Bi 84: Trong khng gian vi h to cac vung gc Oxyz cho
hai ng thng
d1 l giao tuyn ca 2 mp x - az - a = 0 v y - z + 1 = 0 ; d2 l giao
tuyn ca 2 mp ax + 3 y - 3 = 0 v x + 3z - 6 = 0
323
a) Tm a hai ng thng d1 v d2 ct nhau.

b) Vi a=2, vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d2
v song song vi ng thng d1.Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2 khi
a=2.
hai ng thng:
x y +1 z
d1: =
=
v d2:
1
2
1
x = t
y = 1 - 2t
z = 1 + 3t
a) Chng minh rng d1, d2 cho nhau v vung gc vi nhau.

b) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng d ct c hai
ng thng d1, d2 song song vi ng thng
x -4 y -7 z -3
. (DB.03A)
D:
=
=
1
4
-2
mt phng
(P):2x +2y + z m2- 3m = 0 (m l tham s) v mt cu
(S): (x-1)2 + (y+1)2 + (z-1)2 = 9
Tm m mt phng (P) tip xc vi mt cu (S). Vi m tm
c hy xc nh to tip im ca mt phng (P) v mt cu (S).
(DB.03D)
Bi 87: Trong khng guan vi h to Oxyz cho hnh hp ch nht
ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c A trng vi gc to O , B(1; 0; 0), D(0; 1; 0),
A1(0; 0; 2 ).
a) Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua ba im A1, B, C v
vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng B1, D1 trn
mt phng (P).
b) Gi (Q) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi A1 v C. Tnh
din tch thit din ca hnh chp A1.ABCD vi mt phng (Q).
(DB.04A)
324
Bi 88: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hai im A(4; 2; 2),

x - 3 y - 6 z -1
B(0; 0; 7) v ng thng d:
=
=
. Chng minh rng
-2
2
-1
hai ng thng d v AB thuc cng mt mt phng. Tm im C
thuc ng thng d sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A.
(DB.04B)
ba im A(2; 0; 0), C(0; 4; 0), S(0; 0; 4).
a) Tm to im B thuc mt phng Oxy sao cho t gic
OABC l hnh ch nht.
Vit phng trnh mt cu qua bn im
O, B, C, S.
b) Tm to im A1 i xng vi im A qua ng thng SC
Bi 90: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho im M(5; 2; -3) v
mt phng (P): 2x +2y z +1 = 0
a) Gi M1 l hnh chiu ca M ln mt phng (P). Xc nh to
im M1 v tnh di on MM1.
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua M v cha ng
x -1 y -1 z - 5
thng:
=
=
2
1
-6
Bi 91: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho lng tr ng
OAB.O1A1B1 vi A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 4; 0), O1(0; 0; 4)
a) Tm to cc im A1, B1. Vit phng trnh mt cu qua bn
im O, A, B, O1.
b) Gi M l trung im ca AB.Mt phng (P) qua M vung gc
vi O1A v ct OA ln lt ti N, K.Tnh di on KN.
Bi 92: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hnh lp phng
ABCD.A1B1C1D1vi A(0; 0; 0), B(2; 0; 0), D1(0; 2; 2)
a) Xc nh cc to cc im cn li ca hnh lp phng
ABCD.A1B1C1D1. gi M l trung im ca BC. Chng minh rng hai
mt phng (AB1D1) v (AMB1) vung gc nhau.
325
b) Chng minh rng t s khong cch t im N thuc ng

thng AC1 (N khc A) ti hai mt phng (AB1D1) v (AMB1) khng
ph thuc vo v tr ca im N.
Bi 93: Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz cho hnh lp phng
ABCD.ABCDvi A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 0; 0), D(0; 1; 0), A(0; 0; 1). Gi
M v N ln lt l trung im AB v CD.
a) Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v MN.
b) Vit phng trnh mt phng cha AC v to vi mt phng
1
(Oxy) mt gc a , bit cos a =
.
6
Bi 94: Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz cho im A (1; 2;
3) v hai ng thng
d1:
x -2 y + 2 z -3
=
=
,
2
-1
1
d2:
x -1 y -1 z +1
=
=
-1
2
1
a) Tm to im A i xng vi im A qua ng thng d1.

b) Vit phng trnh ng thng D i qua A, vung gc vi d1
v ct d2. (H.06D)
Bi 95: Cho 4 im A( 2; -1; 6), B( -3; -1; -4 ), C( 5; -1; 0 ), D( 1; 2; 1 )
a) Chng minh ABC l tam gic vung. Tnh bn knh ng
trn ni tip ca tam gic .
b) Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
c) Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Bi 96: Vit phng trnh mt cu trong nhng trng hp sau:
a) Tm I = ( 1; 0; -1 ), ng knh bng 8.
b) ng knh AB vi A( -1; 2; 1 ), B( 0; 2; 3 ).
c) Tm O( 0; 0; 0 ) tip xc vi mt cu tm ( 3; -2; 4 )v bn
knh 1.
d) Tm I( 3; -2; 4 ) v i qua A( 7; 2; 1 ).
326
e) Tm I( 2; -1; 3 ) v tip xc mp ( Oxy ).

f) Tm I( 2; -1; 3 ) v tip xc mp ( Oxz ).
g) Tm I( 2; -1; 3 ) v tip xc mp ( Oyz ).
Bi 97: a) Cho phng trnh :x2 + y2 + z2 - 4mx + 4y + 2mz + m2 +
4m = 0
Tm m n l phng trnh mt mt cu v tm m bn knh
mt cu l nh nht.
b) Cho phng trnh: x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xcos a 2ysin a - 4z ( 4
+ sin2 a ) = 0.
Tm a pt trn l pt mt mt cu v tm a bn knh mt
cu l nh nht.
Bi 98: a) Cho mt cu c pt: x2 + y2 + z2 6x 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 v
im M( 4; 3; 0 ). Vit pt mp tip xc vi mt cu ti im M.
b) Vit pt mt cu c tm I( -2; 1; 1 ) v tip xc vi
mp ( a ): x + 2y 2z + 5 = 0.
c) Cho 4 im A( 3; -2; -2 ), B( 3; 2; 0 ), C( 0; 2; 1 ),D( -1; 1; 2 ).
Vit pt mt cu tm A tip xcvi mp ( BCD ).
d) Vit pt mt cu i qua 3 im A( 1; 0; 0 ), B( 0; 1; 0 ), C( 0; 0;
1 ) v c tm I nm trn mp x + y + z 3 = 0.
x + y + z + 1 = 0
Bi 99: Cho ng thng d :
v 2 mp ( P1 ): x + 2y
x - y + z -1 = 0
+ 2z + 3 = 0,
( P2): x + 2y + 2z + 7 = 0. Vit pt mt cu tm I d v tip xc
vi 2 mp ( P1) v ( P2).
Bi 100: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho mt cu:
(S): x2 + y2 + z2 10x + 2y + 26z 113 = 0 v 2 ng thng
327
x + 5 y - 1 z + 13
,
d:
=
=
2
-3
2
x = -7 + 3t
d ': y = -1 - 2t
z = 8
a) Vit pt mp ( P ) tip xc vi ( S ) v vung gc vi d.

b) Vit pt mp ( Q ) tip xc vi ( S ) v song song vi d, d.
Bi 101: Trong khng gian to Oxyz cho 4 im A( -2; 1; 4 ), B(
0; 4; 1 ), C( 5; 1; -5 ), D( -2; 8; -5 ) v ng thng
x + 5 y + 11 z - 9
d:
=
=
3
5
-4
a) Chng minh A, B, C, D l 4 nh ca t din.
b) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
c) Vit pt mt cu ( S ) ngoi tip t din ABCD.
d) Tm giao im M, N ca ng thng d vi mt cu ( S ).
e) Vit pt cc mp tip xc vi mt cu ( S ) ti M, N. Tnh gc
to bi 2 mp .
Bi 102: Vit pt mt cu qua A( 2; 0; 0 ); B( 0; 4; 0 ); C( 0; 0; 4 ) v
qua gc O.
Bi 103: Cho 4 im A( 6; -2; 3 ), B( 0; 1; 6 ), C( 2; 0; -1 ), D(4; 1; 0).
a) Vit pt mt cu (S) qua A, B, C, D. Xc nh tm v bn knh.
b) Vit pt mp tip xc vi mt cu ti A.
Bi 104: Cho mt cu: x2 + y2 + z2 2x + 4y 6z 11 = 0
a) Tm tm v bn knh ca mt cu.
b) Vit pt ng knh ca mt cu i qua A(5; 1; 0).
Bi 105: Cho mp (P): x + 2y 2z + m = 0 v mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2
4x + 6y 2z 11 =0. Tm gi tr ca m :
a) Mp (P) tip xc vi mt cu (S).
328
b) Mp (P) ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn c bn knh

bng 3.
Bi 106: Lp pt mt cu c tm I( 2; 3; -1 ) ng thng
5 x - 4 y + 3z + 20 = 0
v tip xc vi 2 mp: x + 2y 2z 2 = 0;
3x - 4 y + z - 8 = 0
x + 2y 2z + 4 = 0.
Bi 107: Lp pt mp tip xc vi mt cu: x2 + y2 + z2 10x + 2y +
26z 113 = 0 v song song vi 2 ng thng:
x + 5 y - 1 z + 13
;
=
=
2
-3
2
x = -7 + 3t
y = -1 - 2t
z = 8
Bi 108: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 6x 4y 2z + 5 = 0 v mp

(P): x + y + z 3 = 0. Chng minh rng (P) ct (S). Xc nh tm v
bn knh ca ng trn giao tuyn.
Bi 109: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 6x + 4y 2z + 5 = 0 v mp
(P): x + 2y + 2z + 11 = 0. Tm im M trn (S) sao cho khong cch
t n (P) l nh nht.
x = 2t
Bi 110: Cho 2 ng thng: (d1): y = t ;

z = 4
Bi 111: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 2x 4z 4 = 0 v 3 im A(

3; 1; 0 ), B( 2; 2; 4 ), C( -1; 2; 1 ) trn mt cu.
a) Vit pt mp (ABC).
b) Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
x - 2 y + z - 9 = 0
Bi 112: Cho im I( 1; 1; 1 ) v ng thng (d):
2 y + z + 5 = 0
a) Xc nh to hnh chiu vung gc H ca I ln (d).
329
b) Vit pt mt cu (C) c tm I v ct (d) ti 2 im A, B sao cho

AB = 16.
x y -1 z +1
=
=
v 2 mp (P): x + y
2
1
2
2z + 5 = 0; (Q): 2x y + z + 2 = 0.
Vit pt mt cu c tm thuc ng thng (d) v tip xc

vi (P), (Q).
Bi 114: Cho 2 im A (1, 2, 0), B (0, 1, 3) v ng thng d:
. Vit pt ng thng qua A, vung gc d v c
khong cch n im B ln nht.
Bi 115: Cho 2 im A(3, 3, 1), B(0, 2, 1) v ng thng d:
x y -7 z
=
= . Tm im C d sao cho ABC c din tch ln nht.
2
-3
2
Bi 116: Cho im M (1, 3, -2) v mt cu (S) : (x 1)2+(y 2)2+(z +
3)2 = 14
a/ Chng t im M nm trong mt cu (S)
b/ Vit pt mt phng (P) qua im M v ct (S) theo ng trn
c bn knh nh nht
Bi 117: Tm ta im M mt phng (P): 2x 5y + 2z + 5 = 0
sao cho ng thng OM to vi cc trc ta nhng gc bng
nhau.
Bi 118:Cho ng thng d:
v im A (-5,
3, 4)
Vit pt ng thng qua A, vuong goc d v hp vi mt
phng (Oyz) gc 45o.
Bi 119:Cho 2 mt phng : x + 2y + 3z 5 = 0;
: 3x 2y z
1 = 0. Vit pt mt phng (P) qua giao tuyn ca , v ct cc trc
Ox, Oz ln lt ti A,B sao cho OA=OB
330
Bi 120: Cho 2 ng thng d:
d:
v im
M (0, -1,2)
a/ Chng minh d, d v M cng nm trn 1 mt phng
b/ Gi I l giao im ca d v d. Vit pt ng thng qua M v
ct d, d ln lt ti A, B sao cho ABI cn ti A
v mp : x y + 3 = 0
Vit pt mt phng (P) qua M (1, 0, - 2), song song d v hp vi

gc 45o
Bi 122:
Vit pt ng thng d qua im A (-2, 0, 1), ct trc Oy v to
vi trc Oy gc 45o
Bi 123:
Cho 2 im A (-2, 1, 3), B(1, 0, 4). Tm im C mt phng
(Oxy) ABC c chu vi nh nht.
Bi 124:
Cho ng thng d:
v 2 im A (3, 0, 2),
B(1, 2, 1). Tm im I d vect IA+ IB c di nh nht

Bi 125: Cho mp : x + y + z + 3 = 0 v 2 im A (3, -1, 1), B (-2, 0,
-3). Tm im M :
a/ MA + MB nh nht
b/
ln nht
c/
nh nht.
331
Bi 126:Vit pt mt phng (P) qua im M (-1, 2, 3) sao cho (P) ct

cc trc Ox, Oy, Oz ln lt ti 3 im A, B, C v di ng cao
OH ca t din OABC ln nht (O l gc ta )
v mt cu (S): x2 +
y2 + z2 2x 4y 6z + 9 = 0. Vit pt mt phng (P) qua d v ct (S)

p
theo ng trn c din tch bng .
2
Bi 128: Vit pt mt phng (P) qua 2 im A (1, 0, 0), B (0, 2, 1) v
tha iu kin:
a/ Tip xc mt cu (S) (x 1)2 + y2 + (z + 1)2 =
b/ Ct trc Oz ti im D sao cho OD = 2
c/ Hp vi mt phng (P): x y + 10 = 0 gc 60o
d/ Cch gc O mt khong ln nht.
e/ Hp vi mt phng (Oxy) gc nh nht.
Bi 129: Cho 3 im A (1, 0, 0), B(0, 2, 0), C(0, 0, 3). Tm ta
im M mt phng (ABC) sao cho M cch u 3 mt phng ta
v mt phng
(P): x y z 1 = 0.
Vit pt ng thng qua A( 1, 1, -2 ), song song (P) v vung
gc d
Bi 131: (H. 07 A)
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
d2:
a/ Chng minh rng d1 v d2 cho nhau.
332
b/ Vit pt ng thng d vung gc vi mt phng (P): 7x + y

4z = 0 v ct hai ng thng d1, d2.
Bi 132: (H.07B)
Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 2x + 4y + 2z - 3 = 0 v mt phng
(P):2x y + 2z 14= 0
a/ Vit pt mt phng (Q) cha trc Ox v ct (S) theo 1 ng
trn c bn knh bng 3.
b/ Tm ta im M thuc (S) sao cho khong cch t M n
(P) ln nht.
Bi 133: (H.07D)
Cho 2 im A (1, 4, 2), B(-1, 2, 4) v ng thng :
a/ Vit pt ng thng d i qua trng tm G ca OAB v vung

gc mt phng (OAB)
b/ Tm ta im M thuc ng thng sao cho MA2 + MB2
nh nht
Bi 134: (H.08B)
Cho 3 im A (0, 1, 2), B(2, -2, 1), C(-2, 0, 1)
a/ Vit pt mt phng i qua 3 im A, B, C.
b/ Tm ta im M thuc mt phng 2x + 2y + z 3 = 0 sao
cho MA = MB = M
Bi 135: (H.08D)
Cho 4 im A (3, 3, 0), B(3, 0, 3), C(0, 3, 3), D (3, 3, 3)
a/ Vit pt mt cu i qua 4 im A, B, C, D.
b/ Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
Bi 136: (C.08)
Cho im A (1, 1, 3) v ng thng d:
x
y
z -1
=
=
1 -1
2
333
a/ Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua A v vung gc d

b/ Tm im M thuc ng thng d sao cho MOA cn ti O
Bi 137 (H.09A)
1/ Cho mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 4=0 v mt cu (S): x2 + y2 +
z 2x - 4y - 6z - 11= 0 Chng mimh rng (P) ct (S) theo ng trn.
Xc nh ta tm v tnh bn knh ca ng trn.
2
2/ Cho mt phng (P): x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 v 2 ng thng 1:

, 2:
. Tm im M thuc 1
sao cho d(M, 2) = d(M,(P)).

Bi 138: (H.09B)
1/ Cho t din ABCD c A (1, 2, 1), B(-2, 1, 3), C(2, -1, 1), D(0,
3, 1). Vit pt mt phng (P) i qua A, B sao cho d(C,(P)) = d(D,(P)).
2/ Cho mt phng (P): x 2y + 2z 5 = 0 v im A (-3, 0, 1), B
(1, -1, 3). Trong cc ng thng i qua A v song song (P), hy vit
pt ng thng m khong cch t B n ng thng l nh nht.
Bi 139: (H.09D)
1/ Cho cc im A (2, 1, 0), B(1, 2, 2), C(1, 1, 0) v mt phng
(P): x + y + z 20 = 0. Tm ta im D thuc ng thng AB sao
cho ng thng CD // (P).
2/ Cho ng thng :
v mt phng (P): x
+ 2y 3z + 4 = 0. Vit pt ng thng d nm trong (P) sao cho d ct

v vung gc .
Bi 140: (H.10A)
1/ Cho ng thng :
v mt phng (P): x
2y + z = 0. Gi C l giao im ca v (P), M l im thuc . Tnh

khong cch t M n (P) bit MC = .
334
2/
Cho
im
(0,
0,
-2)
ng
thng
. Tnh khong cch t A n . Vit pt mt cu

tm A, ct ti 2 im B, C sao cho BC = 8.
Bi 141: (H.10B)
1/ Cho 3 im A (1, 0, 0), B(0, b, 0), C(0, 0, c) (b>0, c>0) v mt
phng (P): y z + 1 = 0. Xc nh b, c bit mp(ABC) vung gc
mp(P) v khong cch t gc 0 n mt phng (ABC) bng .
2/ Cho ng thng :
. Xc nh ta im M
trn trc Ox sao cho d(M, ) = OM

Bi 142: (H.10D)
1/ Cho 2 mt phng (P): x + y + z 3 = 0 v (Q): x y + z 1 =
0. Vit pt mt phng ( R ) vung gc vi (P) v (Q) sao cho khong
cch t gc O n (R) bng 2.
2/ Cho 2 ng thng 1:
v 2:
Xc nh ta im M thuc 1 sao cho khong cch t M n 2

bng 1.
Bi 143: Cho mt cu (S): (x + 2)2 + (y 1)2 + z2 = 26 v ng
thng d:
. Tm ta im M (S) sao cho
ng thng OM vung gc ng thng d v OM =

gc ta )
(O
Bi 144:
Cho ng thng 1:
phng: (P): mx + y mz 1 = 0 ;
(t l tham s) v 2 mt
(Q): x my + z m = 0
a/ Tm m 2 mt phng (P) v (Q) ct nhau.

335
b/ Gi 2 l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Vit pt tham s ca ng

thng 2
c/ Tm m d(Oz, 1) = d(Oz, 2)
d1 l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng: mx + 3y 3 = 0;x + 3z 6 = 0
d2 l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng: x mz m = 0;y z + 1 = 0
Tm m 2 ng thng d1 v d2 ct nhau ti im I sao cho OI
=
(O l gc ta )
Bi 146:
Cho ng thng (dm):
(m -2
v m -3)
Chng minh rng khi m thay i, (dm) lun nm trn 1 mt phng
c nh
Bi 147:
Cho ABC c A (3, -4, 7), B(2, -1, 3), C(-4, 7, 5). Tnh di
ng phn gic trong ca gc t ca ABC.
Bi 148:
Bit 2 mt ca hnh lp phng nm trn 2 mt phng:
2x 2y z 3 = 0 v -6x + 6y + 3z + 10 = 0
Tnh th tch hnh lp phng.
Bi 149:
Cho 2 ng thng d1:
v
x = -5 + 6t
d2: y = -2 + 3t
z = 2t
336
a/ Chng minh rng d1 v d2 ct nhau.

b/ Gi I l giao im ca d1 v d2. Tm ta cc im A d1, B
d2 sao cho IAB cn ti I v c din tch bng
Bi 150:
Cho ng thng d1:
v 2 im A (5,
4, 3), B (6, 7, 2)
a/ Vit pt ng thng d2 i qua 2 im A, B. Chng minh rng
d1 v d2 cho nhau.
b/ Tm im C d1 sao cho ABC c din tch nh nht. Tnh
gi tr nh nht .
Bi 151:
Cho t d:
v 3 im A (1, 0, -1), B (2, 3, -1),
C (1, 3, 1)
a/ Tm im D d sao cho t din ABCD c th tch bng 1.
b/ Vit pt ca ng thng i qua trc tm H ca ABC v
vung gc mp (ABC).
v im A (5, 5,
0). Tm 2 im B v C thuc d sao cho ABC vung ti C v BC =

.
Bi 153: Cho 3 im A (4, 0, 3), B (-1, -1, 3), C (3, 2, 6) v ng
thng d:
a/ Vit pt mt cu (S) i qua 3 im A, B, C v c tm thuc mt
phng (P): 2x + 3y 3z + 1 = 0
b/ Vit pt mt phng (Q) i qua d v ct (S) theo 1 ng trn c
bn knh ln nht.
337
Bi 154: Cho mt phng (P): 2x y + 2z + 1 = 0 v ng thng d:
a/ Vit pt hnh chiu ca ng thng d trn (P)

b/ Vit pt mt cu c tm thuc d v tip xc vi 2 mt phng (P)
v (Oxy)
Bi 155: Cho 3 im A( 1, -2, -5 ), B( 1, -1, 0 ), C( 3, -2, 2 )
a. Gi E l im i xng ca A qua t BC; F l im i xng
ca A qua mp (Oxz). Vit pt tham s ca t EF
b. Tm m mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 4x + 6y + 9 2m = 0 tip
xc t EF. Tnh khong cch t E n tip im ca (S) v t EF.
Bi 156:Cho 2 im A( 6, 2, -5 ), B(-4, 0, 7 )
a. Vit pt mt cu (S) ng knh AB
b. Vit pt mt phng (P) tip xc vi (S) ti im A
c. Tm ta im M thuc mp (Q): 5x + y 6z + 3 = 0 sao cho
t qua M, vung gc (Q) v ct (S) ti 2 im, ng thi khong cch
gia 2 im ln nht.
x = 4 + 2t
Bi 157: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 = 6 v t d: y = -t

z = -2 + 2t
Tm ta im M d sao cho t qua M, vung gc mp (P): x

2z + 5 = 0 v ct (S) ti 2 im A, B tha AB = 2 5
Bi 158: Cho mt cu (S): x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x 2y + 10z 19 = 0, t d:
x - 5 y - 6 z -1
v 2 im A( -2, 1, 2 ), B( 0, 4, 1 ). Tm ta
=
=
3
-1
1
im M d sao cho t qua M, song song t AB v ct (S) ti 2
im C, D tha CD = 14 .
338
Bi 159: Cho mt cu (S): ( x 2 )2 + ( y + 2 )2 + ( z 3 )2 = 6 v mp

(P): - 6x + 2y 2z + 15 = 0. Tm ta im M (S) sao cho tip
tuyn ti M vi (S) qua gc ta O v vung gc mp (P).
x = 1 - t
Bi 160: Cho mp (P): y 3z + 2 = 0 v t d: y = 4 + t

z = -3 + 2t
Tm im A (P) v im B d sao cho t AB vung gc mp

(P) v AB = 2 10 .
x = 2 + t
Bi 161: Cho mp (P): 6x + 2y 5z 25 = 0 v 2 t d1: y = -2t

z = -4 - t
x = 5 - t
d2: y = 3t
z = t
Tm im Ad1 v im B d2 sao cho t AB song song mp

(P) v AB = 26 .
Bi 162:Cho t d:
x -1 y - 4 z + 3
.
=
=
1
-1
2
Tm im M d v im N Oy sao cho MN =
cch t N n mp(Oxz) bng 2
6 v khong
x = -2 + t
Bi 163:Cho t d: y = 1 - 3t v 3 im A( 0, 2, 0 ), B( 1, 3, -1 ), C(
z = 2 - 2t
1, 1, -3 )
a. Tm im M d th tch t din ABCM bng
11
.
3
339
b. Tm im D t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.

c. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD, bit im S d v mp
(SAB) to vi mp y gc 600.
Bi 164:Cho khi chp S.ABC c A( 1, 2, 0 ), B( -2, 2, 0 ), C( -5, 1, 0
) v nh S thuc trc Oz sao cho mp (SAB) hp vi mp y gc 300.
Tnh th tch khi chp.
Bi 165: Cho 2 im A( -3, 1, -2 ), B( 1, -1, 2 ) v mp (P): x ( 2m +
1 )z m2 + m 1 = 0. Gi A l im i xng ca A qua mp (Oyz);
B l im i xng ca B qua trc Oz.
a. Tm m t AB song song mp (P).
b. Tm m mp (P) l mp trung trc ca on thng AB.
c. Tm m t AB to vi mp (P) gc 450.
Bi 166: Tm im M thuc trc Oz v im N thuc mp (Oxy) sao
x-2 y+4 z-6
cho t MN song song vi t d:
=
=
v MN =
-2
4
-3
29
Bi 167: Cho 3 im A( 1, -2, 0 ), B( -2, 1, 3 ), C( 4, -2, -3 )
Tm ta im M thuc mp (P): x 2z + 3 = 0 sao cho:
a. MA+ MB + MC nh nht.
b. 4 MA+ MB + MC nh nht
c. MA+ 2 MB + MC nh nht
x = t
Bi 168: Cho 2 ng thng d: y = 1 - t

z = 5 + 2t
340
x = 1 + 2t
5 3
d: y = 3 + t v im I , ,4
2 2
z = 1 - 2t
1. Chng minh rng d, d v I cng nm trn mt mt phng.

2. Gi A l giao im ca d v d; l t i qua I v ct d, d ln
lt ti 2 im M, N ( khc A ). Vit pt ng thng bit:
a. I l trung im MN.
b. IMN vung ti M.
c. Khong cch t A n ln nht.
d.
AM
6
. Xc nh ta 2 im M, N.
=
AN
3
x = t
Bi 169: Cho 2 t d: y = 2 - 2t v d:
z = t
x = 1 - 2t
y = 2 + t
z = 1 + 4t
a. Chng minh rng d v d khng ct nhau v vung gc nhau.

b. Vit pt ng thng d1 song song trc Oz v ct 2 ng
thng d, d.
c. Vit pt ng thng d2 vung gc mp (Oxz) v ct 2 ng
thng d, d.
d. Vit pt mt cu c bn knh nh nht v tip xc 2 ng
thng d, d.
Bi 170: Cho 3 im A( 1, -2, 3 ), B( -1, 2, -3 ), C( 1, 3, -4 ).
a. Vit pt mt cu tm A v tip xc vi t BC. Tm ta tip
im.
b. Vit pt mt cu c tm thuc t BC v qua 2 im A, B.
c. Vit pt mt cu qua 2 im A, B v c tm thuc trc Ox.
341
d. Vit pt mt cu qua 3 im A, B, C v c tm thuc mp (Oxy).

e. Vit pt mt cu qua 3 im A, B, C v c tm cch mp (ABC)
mt on bng 3 .
f. Vit pt mt cu tm A v chn trn trc Ox mt on thng c
di bng di on BC.
Bi 171: Cho 3 im A(2,0,-1),B(-1,3,-3),C(5,-3,-5)
1.Tm ta im M thuc mp(Oxy) sao cho:
a.Khong cch t M n trng tm ca D ABC nh nht
b. di vect 2 MA +5 MB +5 MC nh nht
c.Th tch t din MABC ln nht bit OM=3 (O l gc
ta )
2.Tm ta im N thuc mp(P):x-2y-z+1=0 sao cho di
vect 2 NA +5 NB +5 NC nh nht
Bi 172: Cho mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 v ng thng
x = t
d: y = 1 + t
z = 1 + t
a. Tm tm v bn knh ca ng trn (C) l giao tuyn ca

mp(P): z-1=0 v mt cu (S)
b. Vit pt mt cu (S 1 ) cha (C) v chn trn ng thng d mt
14
on c di bng
3
c.Vit pt mt cu (S 2 ) cha (C) v chn trn ng thng d mt
on c di nh nht
Bi 173: Vit phng trnh mp (P) qua im M(0,0,-5) , song song
trc Ox v cch gc ta O mt khong bng 5 .
342
Bi 174: Cho t din ABCD c A(2,3,2),B(6,-1,-2),C(-1,-4,3),D(1,6,-5)

a. Tnh gc to bi hai ng thng AB v CD
b. Tm ta im M thuc ng thng CD sao cho chu vi tam
gic ABM nh nht
Bi 175 : Cho hai ng thng :
x y -1 z +1
d: =
=
2
1
-1
x = 1
d: y = t
x = 1 + t
a. Chng minh rng d v d cho nhau

b. Vit pt mt phng (P) cha d v song song d
c. im M di ng trn d, hai im A v B di ng trn d sao
cho AB= 3 . Tnh gi tr nh nht ca din tch tam gic MAB .
Bi 176: Cho ba im A(4,-1,2) , B(1,2,2) , C(1,-1,5)
a.Tnh th tch khi t din gii hn bi mp(ABC) v ba mt
phng ta
b. Vit phng trnh trc ca dng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC
c. Tm ta im D sao cho ABCD l t din u
Gii cc bi tp sau y bng phng php ta :
Bi 177: Cho khi lng tr tam gic u ABC.ABC c chiu cao
bng h. Bit AB vung gc BC. Tnh th tch khi lng tr theo h.
Bi 178: Hai mt phng (P) v (Q) vung gc nhau c giao tuyn l
D. Trn D ly hai im A,B vi AB= a. Trong (P) ly im C , trong
(Q) ly im D sao cho AC v BD cng vung gc D v AC=BD=AB
. Tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD v khong cch t
A n mp(BCD). (H.03D)
343
Bi 179 : Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam gic

vung , AB=BC=a , cnh bn AA = a 2 . Gi M l trung im cnh
BC . Tnh theo a th tch ca khi lng tr ABC.ABC v khong
cach gia hai ng thng AM v BC (H.08D)
Bi 180 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh
2a , SA=a , SB= a 3 v mp(SAB) vung gc vi mp y. Gi M , N
ln lt l trung im cc canh AB , BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi
chp S.BMDN v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng SM,
DN(H.08B)
Bai 181 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a , mt
bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong mp vung gc vi y . Gi
M,N,P ln lt l trung im cc cng SB, BC , CD. Chng minh
rng AM vung gc BP v tnh th tch khi t din CMNP.
(H.07A)
Bi 182 : Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y l hnh vung
cnh a . Gi E l im i xng ca D qua trung im ca SA ; M , N
ln lt l trung im ca AE , BC. Chng minh rng MN vung gc
BD v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng MN v AC (H.07B)
Bi 183 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang , gc
ABC=gc BAD= 90 0 , BA=BC=a, AD=2a . Cnh bn SA vung gc
vi y v SA=a 2 . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB.
Chng minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh khong cch t H n
mp(SCD) (H.07D)
Bi 184 : Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a.
a. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v BD.
b. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca BB, CD, AD . Tnh
gc gia hai ng thng MP v CN (H.02B)
Bi 185: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a , SA=
SB= a, mp(SAB) vung gc mp(ABCD). Tnh th tch hnh cu
ngoi tip hnh chp.
344
Bi 186 : Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a.

Tm im I thuc cnh AA sao cho mp(BDI) ct hnh lp phng
theo mt thit din c din tch nh nht
Bi 187 : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh a, BAD =

a 3
60 0 , SA=SB=AD=
2
a. Tnh th tch khi chp.
b. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng SB v AD
Bi 188 : : Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O, cnh
a ; BAD = 60 0 , ng cao SO ca hnh chp bng a. Tnh khong

cch gia hai ng thng AD v SB.
P S
Chng 1
2 . D(-1,1,1) ; (
3. a) (0,
, ), (0, ,
) = 120o
)
b)
= (4
, -2, 8),
= (-4
, 2, -8)
4. m = 2 5. T s k = ; M(-9,0,4)
6. MN =
7.
= (2,7,3)
8. a) M(
9. a) I(
,0,0)
b) N(-2, ,0), N( , ,0)

)
b) H(
345
10. b) 45o
c) 1
11. a) M(0,
b) N(0,-5,-2)
12.
13 . a) (x-4)2 + (y+2)2 + (z-1)2 =4
b) (x-4)2 + (y+2)2 + (z-1)2 = 5
c) (x-4)2 + (y+2)2 + (z-1)2 = 42

14. (x-3)2 + (y+3)2 + (z-3)2 = 9
15. a) Tm (2,-1,1), bn knh
b) (
16 . (x+ )2 + (y- )2 + (z- )2 =

Chng 2
1. d/ 4x + z = 0
e/ x 3y + 5 = 0
2. a/ 3x + 7y + 2z 12 = 0
b/ 2x + y 2z 15 = 0
c/ 2x + y 3z 14 = 0
3. a = - 1, b = - 4
4. m 1
5. a =
6. M(2, 0, 0) , M( - 4, 0, 0 )
7. a/-2x + 3y 2z + 8 = 0 b/ 7x + z 7 = 0 c/ 5x 4y + 3z 13 = 0
d/ 7x + z 7 = 0; 7x + 7y 3z + 7 = 0
8. x + y z 2 = 0
9. x2 + y2 + ( z 1 )2 =
10. a/ x + 2y 4z + 6 = 0
346
b/ M(2, 3, -7)
11. b = c =
12. x z 2
=0
13. a/ x2 + y2 + z2 3x 3y 3z = 0 b/ (2, 2, 2)
14. tm (3, 0, 2), bn knh r = 4
15. 4x + 2y + 7z 15 = 0;
2x + 3z 5 = 0
Chng 3 ( Bi tp n luyn)
b) (2,-3,0)
1. a) x=5, y=11
3. 2 83
11
4. a) 0, ,0
6
5. k =
7
5
b) ,0,-
6
6
1
; (0,-7,16 )
2
6. m = -
8
3
7. a) m = 1
b) m = -1
c) (4,-2,0)
2+ 2 2- 2 2- 2 2+ 2
8. a) (- 1,2,-3) b)
,
,1 ,
,
,1
2
2
2
2
6
6
c) 6 ,,2
2
11. a)
555
26
b)
2 74
3
12. (0,-7,0), (0,8,0)
347
14.a) Khng
b) a =
78
5
c) Khng
16. x + y + z - 3 = 0
a) ( P1 ) : x - y - 4 z + 13 = 0 , ( P2 ) : x - y - 4 z - 5 = 0
b) 3 2
41.
x = - 3
c) y =
3
z = t
x -1
y
z
=
=
4
-2 1
43. m = 4
44. a) (1,1,-2)
45.
b)
x -1 y -1 z + 2
=
=
4
-1
-3
x
y -1 z -1
=
=
-1
1
2
46. a) (1,3,0)
b) 2 x + z - 6 = 0
x = 1
50. b) y = t
z = t
53. b) x - y - 5 = 0 , y - 2 z + 1 = 0
x = 3 - t
54. a) y = 1 + t
z = 2
348
b) x - z + 2 = 0 , y - z = 0
56. a)
23
b)
83
x -1 y -1 z -1
=
=
5
-1
3
3 3
58. a) I 4,- ,-
2 2
b) M (6,-1,-4)
59. b) A' (3,1,0 )
c) M (- 1,2,3)
60.
x - 2 y +1 z -1
=
=
3
2
-1
x = 2 - 2t
62. y = -1
z = -t
x = t
64. a) y = -16
z = 32
68. a) y + z - 2 = 0
x69.
b)
x-4 y-2
z
=
=
2
1
-1
176
19
y7 =
7 = z
3
-2
-1
70. a) 30 0
6 2 3
b) A ,- ,-
7 7 7
6
2
3
y+
z+
7 =
7 =
7
-1
1
1
xc)
x = t
71. c) y = -3 + 5t
z = -2 + 2t
72.
x -1 y -1 z + 2
=
=
-2
-5
3
349
75. a)
1
6
b)
x -1 y -1 z -1
=
=
-1
2
1
97. a) m R ; m =
1
2
c) - x + y + 3z - 5 = 0
b) a R ; a = kp
b) (x + 2 ) + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z - 1) 2 = 1
98. a) x + 2 y + 2 z - 10 = 0
c) (x - 3) + ( y + 2) 2 + ( z + 2) 2 = 14
2
d) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 2 x - 2 y - 2 z + 1 = 0
99. (x - 3) + ( y + 1) 2 + ( z + 3) 2 =
2
4
9
c) (x + 2 ) + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z + 5) 2 = 49 ;
101.b) V = 28
d) M (1,-1,1) , N (4,4,-7 )
e) 3 x - 2 y + 6 z - 11 = 0 , 6 x + 3 y - 2 z - 50 = 0 ; 90 0
2
9
31
19
106 . x + + ( y + ) 2 + ( z + ) 2 = 1
2
4
2
107. 4 x + 6 y + 5 z - 103 = 0 , 4 x + 6 y + 5 z + 205 = 0

108. (2,1,0) ;
109. ( 2,-4,-1)
110. (x - 2 ) + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z - 2) 2 = 16
2
112. a) H (2,-3,1)
2
b) (x - 1) + ( y - 1) 2 + ( z - 1) 2 = 81
2
8
7
5
200
113. x - + ( y - ) 2 + ( z - ) 2 =
,
3
3
3
27
(x + 4)2 + ( y + 1) 2 + ( z + 5) 2 = 50
3
350
114.
115.
C(
116. b/ y + z - 1 = 0
117.(5, 5, 5), (1, 1, -1), (-1, 1, 1), (
118.
119. 5x 6y 5z + 3 = 0;
5x + 2y + 5z 11 = 0
120. b/
121. y = 0,
-8x + y + 4z + 16 = 0
122.
123. C (
124. I (
125.a/ (
b/ (-
c/ (126. x 2y 3z + 14 = 0
127.x z 1 = 0, 53x + 48y + 43z 101 =0
128. a/ x + z 1 = 0; 3x + 4y 5z 3 = 0
b/ 4x + y + 2z 4 = 0; 4x + 3y 2z 4 = 0
c/ x + z 1 = 0
351
d/ 5x + 2y + z 5 = 0
e/ x 2y + 5z 1 = 0
129. (
6 -6 6 6 6 -6
; ,
, ; , ,
, (6, -6, -6)
5 5 5 7 7 7
130.
13 - 9 - 17
(1, -3, 1); ,
,
143.
7
7 7
144. a/ m R
b/
c/ m = 0
145. m = 1
146.2x y 2z + 4 = 0
147.
148.
150. b/ C (3, 5, 4)
151. a/ (-1, 0, 5); (5, 6, -7)

b/
152. B (1, 2, 3), C (3, 5, -1) ; B (5, 8, -5), C(3, 5, -1)

153.a/ (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 + (z 3)2 =13
352
b/ 35x 9y + 11z 50 = 0
154.b/ (x - )2 + (y - )2 + (z + )2 =
1
x = - 3
169.b. y =
3
z = - 3 + t
x = 1
c. y = t
z = 1
16
34
10
2
d. x - + y - + z - =
21
21
21
7
170. a. ( x 1 )2 + ( y + 2 )2 + ( z 3 )2 = 50 ; ( -3, 1, -2 )
2
31
8
5
392
b. x + + y + + z - =
3
3
3
3
c. x2 + y2 + z2 = 14
24
12
x - y 14 = 0
5
5
134
38
14
x2 + y2 + z2 x+
y + z - 14 = 0;
25
25
5
e.
114
102
6
x2 + y2 + z2 xy - z - 14 = 0
25
25
5
d. x2 + y2 + z2 -
g. (x-1) 2 +(y+2) +(z-3) 2 =

171
29
2
1. a.(2,0,0)
b.(2,0,0)
c.(-
3 2 3 2
,,0)
2
2
353
2. (
11 13 - 29
, ,
)
12 6 12
172. a. (0,0,1) , r=3

b. x 2 + y 2 + ( z + 3) 2 = 25
c. x 2 + y 2 + ( z - 2) 2 = 10
173. 2y+z+5=0 ; 2y-z-5=0
174. a. 90 0
b. (0,1,-1)
175. b. x-y+z-2=0
c.
176. a.
125
6
x = 2 + t
b. y = t
z = 3 + t
c. (4,2,5) , (0,-2,1)
177.
h3 3
2
178.
a 3
;
2
179 .
a3 2
;
2
180 .
181 .
354
a 2
2
a3 3
;
3
a3 3
96
a 7
7
5
5
2
3
182 .
a 2
4
183 .
a
3
184 . a)
a
6
b) 90 0
7pa 3 21
185.
54
186. I l trung im AA
187. a)
a3 5
12
188.
2a 57
19
189.
a3 2
36
b) 90 0
355

Phuong Trinh Duong Thang

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phuong Trinh Duong Thang

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHNG 3

PHNG TRNH NG THNG

2) Cho ng thng d i qua im M(xo,yo,zo) v c vtcp

Phng trnh tham s ca d:

IV. GC GIA 2 NG THNG

V. GC GIA NG THNG V MT PHNG

Gc gia d v mp (P) cho bi:

B sung kin thc v mt cu:

(P) ct (S) d(I,(P)) < R

Vit phng trnh ng thng qua giao im A ca d v v

V d 2: Cho 2 im A(2,0,-3), B(4,-2,-1) v mp (P): x + y + 2z +

=> (Q): 1(x-3) 1(y+1) + 1(z+2) = 0 x y + z 2 = 0

Chn im M(-1,-3,0) (P) (Q)

- (P) l mt phng qua M (hay qua A) v c

=> (P): 1(y+1) + 1(z-3) = 0 y + z -2 = 0

=> (P): 1(x-2) + 2(y-1) + 1(z-4) = 0 x + 2y + z 8 = 0

- (P) l mt phng qua A v c

a/ Chng minh d1 v d2 cho nhau.

= -18 0 => d1 v d2 cho nhau.

=>(P): 5x 2(y-2) +3(z-3) = 0 5x 2y + 3z 5 = 0

Cch khc: (s dng cng thc)

Dng 7: Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua ng thng d v

- (P) l mt phng qua A v c

- T iu kin trn ta tm c ta ca M,N pt ca d.

a/ Chng minh d1 v d2 cho nhau.

= (1,0,1); B(0,4,5) d2,

= -36 0 => d1 v d2 cho nhau

d l ng vung gc chung ca d1 v d2 nn:

=> M(4,0,-2), N(0,6,2),

a/ Chng minh d1 v d2 khng ct nhau nhng vung gc nhau.

2/ Tnh khong cch t im M n :

a/ Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca M trn

H => H(1+2t,2-t,3t) =>

Cch khc : (S dng cng thc):

a/ Tm hnh chiu H ca C trn ng thng AB

ng thng AB qua A v c vtcp

= (-t, -6, 4t)

Dng 10: Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca im M trn mt phng

Thay (1) vo pt ca (P): 2 + t 2 + 4t 5 + t 1 = 0 t=1

trn mt phng (Oxy)

= (-1, -2, -3) = - (1, 2, 3)

ad ' = n P , nQ = (8, 2, -4) = 2(4, 1, -2)

(P) qua A => (P): a(x 1) + b(y 1) + cz = 0 ax + by + cz a

B (P) => 2a c a b = 0 => c = a-b

a2 + b2 + 4ab c2 = 0 a2 + b2 + 4ab (a b)2 = 0

3a2 + 8ab 3b2 = 0 a =

(P) qua O => (P): x + 3y = 0

V d: Vit pt mt cu (S) tm I( 1, -2, 3) v tip xc ng thng

Bn knh ca (S): R = d(I,) =

=>(S): (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z 3)2 = 6

=> M (-3t, 3 + 4t, 6 + 2t )

1/ Cho 2 vect khng cng phng

2/ Nu ng thng d1 qua im A v vung gc ng thng d2

l ng thng qua A v c vtcp

= (1, -1, 2),

= (2, 1, -3) =>

- l ng thng qua A v c vtcp

a/ Vit pt ng thng 1 qua A, nm trn (P) v vung gc d

= (2, -1, 3),

= (2, -5, -3)

Dng 3: Vit pt ng thng i qua im A, vung gc ng

Tm mt phng (P) qua A v ^ d1

Vit pt ng thng i qua im A(0, 1, 1), vung gc ng

=> (P): 3(x 0) + 1(y 1) + 1(z 1) = 0 3x + y + z 2 = 0