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Cloud computing: Platform as a Service I nfrastructure as a Service

HBK TP.HCM-05/20112

CNG TRNH C HON THNH TI
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
I HC QUC GIA TP. H CH MINH

Cn b hng dn khoa hc: TS. V Xun Cng

Cn b chm nhn xt 1:
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Cn b chm nhn xt 2:

I HC QUC GIA TP.H CH MINH
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
----------------------------




BO CO MN HC

KHU MINH CNH HUNH TH KHNH DUYN

CLOUD COMPUTING:
FLATFORM AS A SERVICE
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE


Mn hc: Tnh ton li (GRID COMPUTING)

GING VIN: TS. PHM TRN V



TP. H CH MINH, thng 5 nm 2012

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TM TT BO CO MN HC
in ton m my (TM) l mt lnh vc trong ngnh cng ngh thng
tin c quan tm v pht trin mnh t nhng nm 2006. Vi trit l cung cp ti
nguyn thc hin tc v, v l mt dng ca tnh ton phn b, TM ngy
cng c quan tm trong cc ng dng thc tin. Trong , cc dch v c cung
cp l mc tiu chnh phc v ngi s dng. T , nhng vn v k thut,
kinh t, chin lc cng c pht sinh.
Bo co mn hc Cloud computing: Flatform as a Service Infrastructure
as a Service, bc u tip cn hai m hnh dch v ca TM. Qua , bo co
s nu bc cc vn nh sau:
- Tip cn cc nh ngha lin quan (Definitions);
- Tip cn v lch s pht trin (History of Development);
- Tip cn thng tin mi nht v cc hng cung cp dch v (Top of
companies release services);
- Tip cn cc c im, thng tin v li ch v ri ro (benefits and risks)
khi s dng dch v;
- Tip cn cc thng tin cn thit cho i tng s dng v khai thc dch
v (Information for Developers, Users);
- V mt s thng tin lin quan n hai dch v trn nh cnh bo, cc cu
hi lin quan khi s dng (FAQs).

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MC LC
Trang
MC LC .............................................................................................................. ii

DANH SCH CC HNH NH ............................................................................ iii
CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN ............................................................ 1
1.1 IN TON M MY ........................................................................... 1
1.2 CC M HNH DCH V CA IN TON M MY ................. 3
1.2.1 Tng quan ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Cc c im ca cc dch v trong TM ................................................. 5
CHNG 2: INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE .......................................... 7
2.1 Gii thiu v IAAS ..................................................................................... 7
2.2 IAAS (Infrastructure as a Service Operations) ....................................... 7
2.3 Cc c im ca IAAS ............................................................................. 7
2.4 Tng quan v kin trc v hot ng ca IAAS trong TM ............. 8
2.5 Cnh bo khi s dng IAAS ...................................................................... 9
CHNG 3: PLATFORM AS A SERVICE ...................................................... 11
3.1 Tng quan v PaaS ................................................................................... 11
3.1.1 Khi nim v cc nh ngha ....................................................................... 11
3.1.2 ch li v tr ngi khi vic s dng PaaS .................................................... 13
3.1.2.1 ch li ........................................................................................................ 13
3.1.2.2 Tr ngi v kh khn ................................................................................ 14
3.1.3 Mt s tiu ch so snh i vi dch v PaaS .............................................. 15
3.2 Mt s thng tin thm v PaaS ................................................................ 17
3.2.1 Nhng yu cu khi s dng dch v PaaS ................................................... 17
3.2.2 Mi cng ty ni bt v cung cp PaaS trn th gii.................................. 18
3.2.3 Cu chuyn v Salesforce ............................................................................ 22
TI LIU THAM KHO ...................................................................................... 24


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DANH SCH CC HNH NH

Hnh 1.1. M hnh cc dch v ca in ton m my.
Hnh 1.2. Lch s pht trin ca cloud computing
Hnh 2.1. M hnh phn lp ca kin trc IAAS
Hnh 3.1. Phn loi cc m hnh dch v trong TM theo IBM






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BNG NH NGHA CC T VIT TT

CNTT, IT - Cng ngh thng tin (information technology)
CRM - Custom Resources Management (h thng qun l ti nguyn
ca doanh nghip)
TM - TM (cloud computing)
GIS - Geographical Information System
IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service: dch v cung cp c s h tng
PaaS - Platform as a Service: dch v cung cp nn tng.
Lu : PaaS s dng trong ti liu ny khng phi l Process as a
Service. Process as a Service l mt dng ca SaaS
SaaS - Software as a Service: dch v phn mm





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CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN
1.1 IN TON M MY
Vi cc nh qun l v hoch nh CNTT (IT leader), t c mc tiu trong chin
lc pht trin, xu hng cng ngh l mt phn tt yu. Gi y, nhng t ng nh
innovation v agility khng ch l nhng t hoa m trn bi bo co, m cn l
iu bt buc sinh li nhun v mang li s khc bit. in ton m my (TM) em
li s khc bit v cch ngh v cch lm so vi nhng th h in ton t trc nm 2000.

Hnh 1.1: M hnh in ton m my
(Ngun: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg)
L do TM c s quan tm do trn thc t, cc t chc, c quan v doanh nghip
lin quan u i mt vi nhng vn nh sau:
- D liu ln (data intensive), nh cc cng ty lu tr cc thng tin a l (GIS),
thng tin v bin i kh hu trn mt khu vc, cc cng ty ti chnh, chng khon.
- Tnh ton nhiu (computation intensive), nh cc cng ty phn tch v th trng,
phn tch v khng gian, phn tch mng cn thi gian tnh ton nhanh.
- Chi ph trang b phn mm cao, nht l i vi cc c nhn v t chc nh mong
mun pht trin bng cc cng ngh phn mm thng mi mi.
Trc TM, mt s h thng tnh ton hng khi (massive computing) c pht
trin nh: tnh ton song song, tnh ton li. Tuy nhin, TM chnh l mt xu hng
mi ca CNTT vi tng di chuyn phn mm t my tnh c nhn ln Internet.
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Di y, chng ta c mt bng so snh tng th v cc loi hnh tnh ton hng khi
thy c mc tiu chnh ca cc dng tnh ton ln:
Tn h thng x l Trit l hng n Ghi ch
Tnh ton song song
- Parallel computing
Khai thc ti a hiu sut ca h
thng (v tc , v tnh hiu qu)
Thng l cc h thng
chia s b nh
Tnh ton li - Grid
computing
Hp tc (collaborative) v chia s
vic s dng ti nguyn khoa hc;
cung cp cc dch v cc ng
dng/bi ton c th.
Thng h tr cc t chc
bng cc t chc o thng
qua cc ng dng ngi
dng cui.
in ton m my -
Cloud computing
Cung cp ti nguyn; lm back-
end cho cc h thng front-end
thiu ti nguyn (b x l, b nh,
lu tr) nh smart-phone, tablet.
H tr ch yu n cc c
nhn (bng cc dch v ci
t t xa)

V lch s pht trin, tuy tng v TM c mt rt lu i, nhng s n r cc
cng ty cung cp cc dch v mi c bt u t nhng nm sau nm 2000. Nhng g
PaaS em li nhm n pht trin ng dng v cc vn v qun l. Mt s nh cung cp
dch v cung cp mi trng pht trin ng dng v mt s th cung cp nhiu loi dch v
nh cc dch v v bo mt theo nhu cu. Nhng iu trn u l h qu ca vic pht trin
mng Internet v cc lnh vc trong CNTT nh: cc chun trao i d liu, cng ngh v
lp trnh, cng ngh phn cng (c bit v cng ngh lu tr, mng my tnh v cc b vi
x l). Lch s cc cng ty cung cp phn mm c tm gn trong hnh di y:

Hnh 1.2. Lch s pht trin ca cloud computing (TM) [theo ti liu 11]
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T lch s hnh thnh, chng ta nhn thy h thng li ngy cng thu hp li. Thay
vo , h thng TM ngy cng pht trin vi s tham gia ca nhiu cng ty/nh cung
cp.

1.2 CC M HNH DCH V CA IN TON M MY
1.2.1 Tng quan
Ngc v lch s, khi nim TM ln u tin c d on vo nm 1961 do Gio
s John MacCarthy computation may someday be organized as a public utility (theo
http://www.complush.com/internet-network-connection) v nm 1991 l Salesforce ln u
tin a ra dch v tng t mt cloud computing cung cp h thng phn mm CRM. n
nay (2012), TM c nhng pht trin vt bc. Trong ba tic TM, mi th u l
dch v. Thut ng as-a-service c xem l thc n i vi thc khch nhng ngi
s dng h thng. Hin ti, TM cung cp ba loi hnh dch v chnh, l: SaaS dch
v phn mm, PaaS dch v nn, IaaS dch v h tng. Cc loi hnh dch v khc
thng c phn loi v lit k vo mt trong ba loi hnh trn.
V i tng s dng, cc dch v ca TM c phn loi nh sau:
i tng s dng
C nhn T chc
Phn loi kin thc
ngi s dng v
cng ngh
Loi 1: Ngi s
dng c t kin thc
v CNTT
C nhn thng s
dng cc ng dng
c bn ca SaaS v
d nh: email, x l
vn bn v qun l
d liu.
T chc s dng cc
ng dng SaaS nh
cc h thng CRM,
GIS hoc cc h
thng email cho
ton b doanh
nghip
Loi 2: Ngi s
dng c nhiu kin
thc v CNTT
C nhn thng s
dng PaaS pht
trin web v dch v
IaaS thu
T chc s dng
PaaS pht trin
ng dng v IaaS
phc v cc tnh
ton ln
Bng phn loi cc ng dng TM theo Fichmans Framework
(theo The Korean Economic Review, Volume 27, number 2, winter 2011, p203-230)
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* Cc loi dch v ca IaaS, PaaS v SaaS:
Chng ta c th lit k cc loi dch v (service type) ca 03 nhm dch v IaaS, PaaS,
v SaaS nh sau:
- Dch v cung cp: nh thu VM, thu lu tr trc tuyn, thu phn mm,..
- Dch v ty bin: Server template (trong IaaS), Logic resource template (PaaS).
- Dch v gim st: t ng cho tt c 3 nhm (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).
- Dch v truy cp v s dng: thng qua Web2.0, cc cng c tch hp pht
trin v bt li phn mm (trong PaaS).
- Dch v qun l cc cp.
- Dch v ti u ti nguyn.
- Dch v o lng: o v ti nguyn vt l, o v vic s dng ti nguyn lun l
- Dch v tch hp v t hp: nh Load balance (IaaS), SOA (PaaS), SOA v
Mashu (trong SaaS).
- Dch v bo mt: nh VLAN, SSL, SSH, data isolation,
V bng di y s m t chi tit v sn phm cn cung cp cho khch hng:

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1.2.2 Cc c im ca cc dch v trong TM
Tuy nhng dch v cung cp khc nhau, mc ch khc nhau, nhng cc nhm dch v
as a nh SaaS, PaaS v IaaS trn TM c nhng c tnh chung l:
i. TM l thng l cc h phn tn v cung cp dch v thng qua h thng
Internet.
ii. Nhiu ngi thu - Multi-tenancy: ti nguyn trong h thng c th c chia s
nhiu ngi s dng. Trong h thng nhiu ngi s dng khng ng thi, nhng
nh cung cp s c li v mc u t h thng v ngi s dng s c tha
hng nhng h tng tnh ton hiu nng cao.
iii. Kh nng m rng - Scalability: khi cng vic m rng, vi TM, h thng d
dng c nng cp thm v phn cng, phn mm p ng cng vic mt cch
hiu qu.
iv. S dng theo ty chn - Elasticity: H thng s cung cp lng ti nguyn ti thiu
x l p ng nhu cu ngi s dng. Lng ti nguyn s tng khi c nhu cu
thm ca ngi s dng v gim khi cn thit. Ngi s dng ch tr chi ph cho
nhu cu s dng.
v. c lp thit b - Device independent: ngi s dng c th s dng cc dch v
bng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau nh: laptop, smartphone, tablet, vi iu kin
l cc thit b kt ni c mng Internet.
vi. Chi ph thp - Low-cost: Ti nguyn tnh ton c cung cp t cc h thng
TM theo dng thu. Do , ngi s dng khng cn phi mua ti nguyn m
ch cn thu. Vi vic thu, ngi thu s gim bt nhng chi ph bo tr, bo
dng, i vi nhng ti nguyn thu.
vii. Tnh n nh - Reliability: cc h thng lun c sao lu nhiu ni (ta gi l cc
site). Do , khi c mt site khng hot ng (do cc l do: bo tr, mt in, h
hng, thin tai) th h thng vn hot ng vi s h tr ca cc site khc.

Trong TM, ngi s dng cn quan tm n nhng gi tr ti u ca h thng
mang li. V cng chnh l nhng tiu ch cht lng h tng i vi cc nh cung cp
dch v, bao gm:
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TT Dch
v
Tiu chun Mc tiu
chnh
Th hin trn dch v
1 SaaS - QoS ca ng dng.
- Thi gian chy ng dng
- Mc thng sut khi chy
ng dng
- Thi gian
thc thi ng
dng v mc
thng sut
khi s dng.
- K thut ci t.
- Cc thng s cho phn mm.
2 PaaS - Cc ng dng my o, thi
gian chy ng dng, mc
thng sut
- V cc tin ch
- Li ch ca
nn tng
- S lng cc my o, licences.
- Cc on tuyn, cache ca cc
my o
3 IaaS - B x l, b nh, cc ng
dng qun l a.
- Thi gian thc thi.
- Mc cp pht my o
- Cc ng
dng phn
cng.
- Vic cp pht BXL cho VM.
- Cu hnh ca my o (b nh,
CPU ratio).
- Bng thng mng.
Bng v cc khi nim cn ti u trong TM
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CHNG 2: INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE

2.1 GII THIU V I AAS
IAAS l mt m hnh dch v m s cung cp cc thit b nhm h tr hot ng h
thng cho khc hng. Cc thit b bao gm kho d liu, phn cng, my ch (server) v
cc thnh phn networking. Nh cung cp s lm ch cc thit b v chu trch nhim cho
vic hot ng v bo tr h thng. Khch hng s tr tin trn cc dch v .

2.2 I AAS (I nfrastructure as a Service Operations)
IAAS bao gm :
Cc bn hp ng cc mc dch v khc nhau : i vi tng nhu cu khc
nhau m cc khch hng c th chn nhng dch v thch hp. ng vi cc dch
v s c nhng hp ng tng ng.
Khi s dng dch v IAAS th phi tr ph.
IAAS u da trn cc hot ng ca my o. C ch ca vic s dng cc thit
b o trong in ton m my th rt thch hp bi v n c nhiu li ch trong
vic chia s, qun l ti nguyn.
IAAS tp trung ch yu vo vic cho thu cc thit b phn cng nh l my
ch (server) , k thut networking v khng gian lu tr hn l mua v ci t
n trong trung tm d liu ca ring bn.
IAAS cn c internet. in ton m my lin quan ti vic phn phi cc dch v my
ch. Mt dch v cloud th c 3 im khc nhau chnh so vi dch v hosting truyn thng
trn internet. l : n c bn theo nhu cu c tnh theo gi, kh nng cung cp v
hn v linh ng theo nhu cu v dch v hosting c qun l bi nh cung cp.

2.3 CC C IM CA I AAS
Cc c im chnh ca IAAS :
Cc ti nguyn IAAS th c phn phi nh l dch v. Cc ti nguyn l :
cc my ch (server), thit b networking, b nh, CPU, khng gian vng nh,
.v.v.
C s h tng thay i ng : bn c th iu chnh cc ti nguyn theo yu cu
s dng ca bn. IAAS trong cloud s p ng nhanh chng vic tng hay gim
ti nguyn mt cch d dng.
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C chi ph bin i ngha l ty vo nhu cu s dng khc nhau th cc khch
hng s tr trn cc dch v . Khng c nh chi ph cho bt c dch v no.
IAAS thng c nhiu ngi thu (leaseholders or tenants).
IAAS c nhng mc dch v khc nhau p ng cho tt c nhu cu ca doanh
nghip.

2.4 TNG QUAN V KIN TRC V HOT NG CA IAAS TRONG IN TON
M MY
Hnh v bn di chng minh cho m hnh phn lp ca kin trc IAAS :

Hnh 2.1. M hnh phn lp ca kin trc IAAS
Khi thc thi mt yu cu t ngi s dng, cng vic c th thc hin song song v
chia s ti nguyn p ng yu cu cng nhanh cng tt. Hoc l c th truy cp cc kho
d liu khc nhau c th tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng. IAAS trong cloud phi m
bo v performance v hiu qu chi ph trong khi bo tr cc iu khin trung tm v kh
nng tng ti nguyn bo m dch v khng b gin on.
C 03 thnh phn chnh trong kin trc ca h thng cloud. l: cloud manager,
cluster manager v computer manager.
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Cloud manager l im truy cp vo cloud ni m cc nh thu bao ng k ti
khon, qun l cc ti nguyn m h thu t cloud v truy cp d liu. N thc
hin vic truy cp ti nguyn mc u tin (top level). N quyt nh c ti
nguyn p ng yu cu khch hng hay khng v cluster manager s thc
hin yu cu. Cloud manager cng thc hin cc lut trn cloud i vi yu cu
t khch hng.
Cluster manager: chu trch nhim vn hnh cc my thng qua network.
Cluster manager s nhn lnh / queries truy cp ti nguyn t cloud manager v
xc nh ti nguyn no c th p ng yu cu t ngi s dng . Sau hin
thc truy cp ti nguyn.
Computer manager: hp tc vi hypervisor chy trn mi h thng my tnh trong mt
cluster. Trong vic p ng cc queries t Cluster manager. Cluster manager tr v thng
tin trng thi lin quan n ti nguyn c s dng v c sn m c th c s dng.

2.5 CNH BO KHI S DNG I AAS
IaaS trong cloud ph thuc vo mt mng li an ton v ng tin cy, v mt trnh
duyt an ton v ng tin cy cho vic qun tr ti khon. Mi quan tm sau y v cnh
bo cn phi bit khi s dng cloud :
Ph thuc vo network.
L hng v bo mt (Legacy Security Vulnerabilities): IAAS cloud s cung cp
cho cc thu bao v cc l hng ny.
Cc my o b l thi (Out-of-Date Virtual Machine) : Cc my o vn cn
c th lu li cc trng thi khc nhau nh l : running, suspended, hay off. Mt
my o khng hot ng c th d dng tr thnh li thi i vi cc bn cp
nht bo mt quan trng v c th tr thnh b tn hi. Duy tr cp nht bo mt
thng l mt trch nhim thu bao.
C lp mc my o (VM-level Isolation) : l mt m hnh nhiu ngi thu v
thu bao c th chia s cc my ch vt l vi ngi tiu dng khc ca m
my. Mt VM-Level isolation l phi da trn m hnh bo mt mnh m cng
nh cu hnh ng.
C lp mc network (Network level isolation.)
Hin thc vic xa b (Data Erase Practices) : cc my o truy cp ti nguyn
c bo tr bi nh cung cp. Khi nh thu bao gii phng mt ti nguyn .
Nh cung cp phi bo m rng cc thu bao k tip khng thy c d liu
t ngi thu trc .
An ton d liu (Secure Data Purge) : nh cung cp cloud cn a ra mt c
ch xa d liu mt cch ng tin cy theo yu cu ca thu bao. Nh lu li
d liu khi chuyn nh cung cp hoc khi hp ng ht hn.
Vendor Lock-in : Xy dng mt chin lc cho vic chuyn i trong tng lai
ca cc my o v cc kho lu tr lin quan khi thay i nh cung cp.
Hiu sut (performance).
Tnh lin tc trong kinh doanh (Risk of Business Continuity)
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tr ( latency).
Cc hp ng mc dch v (Service Level Agreements)
Thc hin vic khi phc khi c s c (Disaster Recovery Practices).
Lu tr v tun th cc chnh sch bo mt (Audit & Compliance with
Information Security Policies)
Thm quyn v quy nh (Jurisdiction and Regulation).
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CHNG 3: PLATFORM AS A SERVICE
3.1 TNG QUAN V PAAS
3.1.1 Khi nim v cc nh ngha
n nm 2012, nhiu nh ngha v quan im v PaaS c xut bi cc t chc v
chun cng nh cc t chc/doanh nghip cung cp dch v PaaS. Nhn chung, cc nh
ngha u c chung mt quan im l PaaS l tng dch v nm gia hai tng dch v SaaS
v IaaS. Ngoi ra, ty thuc cc t chc khc nhau, nh ngha thng i km vi nhng
dch v cung cp do chnh cc t chc. Di y, chng ta lc s qua mt s nh ngha
c nhiu ngi quan tm:
Theo quan im ca IBM, PaaS ng vai tr l mt mi trng phc v vic pht trin
phn mm.

Hnh 3.1: Phn loi m hnh trong TM ca IBM
Bn cnh , [theo ti liu 13] Platform as a Service (PaaS) l mt phng cch thu
phn cng, h iu hnh, lu tr v bng thng mng trn mng Internet. M hnh cung
cp dch v cho php khch hng thu cc server o v cc dch v lin quan chy cc
ng dng c sn hoc pht trin hoc th nghim nhng ng dng mi.
Mt s lnh o v CNTT cho rng, PaaS l mt s pht trin ca SaaS, mt m hnh
phn b phn mm m cc ng dng phn mm c to t cc khch hng trn Internet.
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PaaS c nhiu u im cho cc nh pht trin phn mm. Vi PaaS, cc c im ca h
iu hnh c th thay i v nng cp thng xuyn. S phn b theo a l ca cc nhm
pht trin c th lm vic vi nhau trn cc d n pht trin phn mm. Cc dch v c th
nhn c cc ngun khc nhau trn cc quc gia khc nhau. Chi ph ban u v chi ph s
dng c th gim bng vic s dng cc dch v h tng t mt nh cung cp hn l gi
nhiu phn cng thc hin cc chc nng trng lp hoc i u vi cc vn khng
tng thch.
Ngoi ra, theo mt cch nhn khc, PaaS cho ta mt mi trng tch hp cao cp
build, test, deploy v cho thu cc ng dng c th ty chnh trn Internet. Mt cch khi
qut, cc nh pht trin chp nhn mt s gii hn xy dng loi phn mm mang tnh
kh chuyn cao. Cc khch hng s dng PaaS s khng qun l cc h tng k thut ca
cc gi phn mm nh ca cc khch hng thu dch v SaaS. Tuy nhin, h s qun l cc
ng dng c deploy v cc cu hnh v mi trng hosting.
Hn th
na, trong mt bi bo, Ms
Kate a ra v m hnh
h thng v m hnh cc
nh cung cp dch v. Theo
, gia ng dng/phn
mm v nn c chung mt
lp cc phn mm h tng.
Tuy nhin, im phn bit
chnh gia phn mm v h
tng l: h tng thng
cung cp cc chun phc v
m rng cc tnh nng.
Trong khi , phn mm l
chng trnh c nh. Theo
, phn PAAS s cung cp cc phn mm h tng v k c h iu hnh. V d, chng ta
c th xem li ca mt h iu hnh l mt flatform. Do , mt ai c th xem gi
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Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP l mt platform v ch c cc on code PHP vi cu trc
CSDL lp nn lp phn mm/lp ng dng. Bi vit ca c Kates cn nu r: chnh s o
ha l im nhn phn bit gia nn tng (flatform) v b ba phn cng, middleware v
phn mm. Trong s o ha , mt nn tng s cung cp nhng my o khng c h iu
hnh ln phn cng. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, h thng nh Google App Engine (tnh n
2/21012) khng s dng bt k k thut ha. V trong nhng trng hp , chng ta c
th xem cc stack khng c lp o ha vi bin gii gia h tng v platform tng ng
vi phn cng v cc lp h iu hnh. Chng ta c th xem li ca mt h iu hnh l
mt flatform.
Lu : trong nh ngha ca Kate, ngoi vic phn nh r phn mm v nn tng, s
khc bit c bn gia nn tng v phn cng c th hin.
C nhiu nh ngha khc nhau, mt s doanh nghip, nh Keene, a ra cc tiu
chun cn c tuyn bkt lun: chnh l mt PaaS thc s nh sau:
Tiu chun 1: Browser-based development studio ngha l nu ngi s dng
s c cung cp cng c pht trin phn mm trn nn tng web.
Tiu chun 2: Seamless deployment to hosted runtime environment ngi s
dng trin khai phn mm m khng cn quan tm n cc cu hnh, hoc cc
service pack lin quan n phn mm nn.
Tiu chun 3: Management and monitoring tools cc gii php cloud rt hiu
qu vi nhiu cng c qun l v gim st ng dng.
Tiu chun 4: Pay as you go billing trnh c cc chi ph mua sm phn
mm, PaaS phi cung cp cho chng ta phng n thanh ton da trn vic s
dng dch v.

3.1.2 ch li v tr ngi khi vic s dng PaaS
3.1.2.1 ch li
Vi trit l: Khng cn cu hnh l cu hnh tt nht (the best config, deploy, patch is
the one I don't have to do) , PaaS em li cho ngi s dng nhiu li ch v cc mt thi
gian v kinh t. Trc tin vi lp trnh vin, PaaS cung cp sn cc nn tng lp trnh
vin an tm pht trin. H khng cn lo lng v nhng bn v li ca phn mm, s phc
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tp trong vic setup mt h thng lp trnh, s lo lng khi tch hp cc gi khc nhau, v
n c vic deploy ng dng ln h thng cho ngi s dng. PaaS cung cp mt mi
trng lp trnh ti u vi nhiu cng c h tr. Chi tit hn, cc li ch ca PaaS mang li
l:
- Chi ph v phn mm (up front cost): l chi ph ban u cn thit s hu mt
phn mm. i vi PaaS, chi ph ban u mua phn mm c phn phi cho
nhiu ngi thu. Do , ngi s dng khng cn u t nhiu v phn mm,
phn cng, cc thit b mng, cc phn mm v thit b trung gian
(middleware), c s h tng.
- Chi ph vn hnh phn mm (operational cost): bao gm cc chi ph v nng
cp phn cng v phn mm, s thch hp ca cc gi. Vi PaaS, nhng chi ph
trn c gim thiu hoc ngi s dng ch chi tr trong thi gian di thng
qua hnh thc s dng.
- Tnh n nh (reliability): PaaS cung cp nhiu mc pht trin phn mm
khc nhau. Mi mc u c s m bo an ton v thit b, v cc cam kt
theo cc tiu chun s dng thng trc.
- Chi ph qun l (management cost): cc h thng c h tr v do ngi s
dng khng cn quan tm nhiu n vic cp nht v bo tr phn mm nn.
- Mang li li th chin lc (strategic advantage): PaaS cung cp chnh l chin
lc pht trin da trn tim lc ca tng doanh nghip.
- Gim thiu ri ro (lower risk): vic u t CNTT l mt u t c ri ro cao v
s lc hu ca cng ngh phn cng v phn mm. Vi PaaS, cng nhiu ngi
s dng dch v chng t dch v theo kp thi i.

3.1.2.2 Tr ngi v kh khn
ng dng TM mang li rt nhiu li ch cho ngi s dng. Tuy nhin, in ton
m my s l mt la chn hon ho nu nh n vt qua nhng tr ngi gp phi khi h
thng vn hng. Nhng tr ngi khi s dng dch v PaaS ni ring v nhng dch v khc
trong TM ni chung bao gm:
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i. Tr ngi v bo mt (security): Vn bo mt v thng tin ring t - Security
and Privacy: hacker v nhiu ngi c c th xm nhp vo h thng v truy
xut nhng d liu nhy cm bn trong h thng.
ii. Tr ngi v tnh ring t (privacy): Cc thng tin v ngi s dng nh tui, s
thch, gii tnh, thu nhp c th b mt. Hn th na, ngi s dng cc dch v
i mt vi nhng vn v bn quyn v tng.
iii. Tr ngi v tnh php l: i vi cc quc gia nh Vit Nam, nhng tranh chp
v s c trong vic s dng cc dch v cloud computing t ti cc nc khc
l vn lin quan n cc php lut lin chnh ph v cn c nhng hnh lang
php l n nh
iv. Tr ngi khi chuyn i dch v (hoc chuyn sang s dng h thng cloud
khc): Ngi s dng dch v cloud qua nhiu nm s phi i mt vi vic
chuyn i h thng. Do , vic chn la h thng u tin s dng s l bi
ton v u t. S tr ngi ny c bit i vi dch v PaaS, khi , ngi s
dng phi chn cc yu t nh: ngn ng lp trnh, cc gi chng trnh/phn
mm c lp trnh. Mt minh ha c th l: cc gi chng trnh ca
Facebook ch thc hin c trn nn tng Facebook m khng thc hin c
trn nn tng khc.

3.1.3 Mt s tiu ch so snh i vi dch v PaaS
T chc TANEJA xy dng mt s tiu ch nh gi (factor) cho cc h thng PaaS
c cc t chc a ra nh sau:
- Ngn ng lp trnh h tr - Runtime languages support
- Cc cng c h tr pht trin ng dng - Developer tools
- Cc dch v phc v cc ng dng - Application Services
- Qun l d liu - Data management
- ng dng qun l v th hin ca ng dng - Application Performance
Management
- ng dng cho php chuyn i gia cc mi trng - Application Portability


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* Cc bng di y m t v nh gi PaaS ca cc nh cung cp:
+ Bng v tiu chun nh gi:

+ Bng cc nh cung cp (vendor):

+Bng nh gi dch v PaaS ca cc nh cung cp:

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3.2 MT S THNG TIN THM V PAAS
3.2.1 Nhng yu cu khi s dng dch v PaaS
Theo Keene, PaaS c nhng chc nng khc vi cc nn tng pht trin phn mm
truyn thng, l nhng yu t sau:
- Cng c pht trin phn mm nhiu ngi thu (Multi-tenant development tool):
cc cng c pht trin truyn thng thng h tr n ngi s dng. Vi cloud,
cng c pht trin phn mm h tr nhiu ngi s dng. V mi ngi s dng c
th thc hin nhiu d n khc nhau.
- (Multi-tenant deployment architecture): tnh mm do thng khng lin quan n
cc n lc pht trin phn mm ban u v n thng gy kh khn cho cc qun
tr h thng khi ci t phn mm. iu ny c ngha l cc gi phn mm lun i
hi nhiu vn khc nhau. Vi PaaS, tnh mm do ca ng dng v d liu phi
c h tr. Minh ha c th l: cc vn v load balancing, failover l nhng
thnh phn cn thit cho cc phn mm pht trin trn nn tng.
- (Intergrated management):
- Tch hp h thng tnh cc (Integrated billing): PaaS cung cp cc c ch cho vic
tnh cc da trn s dng, v ng nht vi h thng tnh cc ca SaaS.
Do , tip cn tt vi gi PaaS, nhng yu cu sau c cc cng ty, c bit cc
cng ty cho thu v PaaS, nu ra vi ngi s dng:
- iu kin 1: C kin thc tt v lp trnh pha my ch (back-end server
development). V d: c kh nng lp trnh Java/J2EE, .NET, PHP, Ruby,
- iu kin 2: C kin thc tt v lp trnh pha my khch (front-end client
development). V d: c kh nng lp trnh Dojo, Javascript,
- iu kin 3: C kin thc v qun tr h thng website (web site administration).
Ngoi ra, thng thng, khi cc cng ty cung cp dch v PaaS, h s c nhng trang
tin hi p c th. V d: trang tin hi p ca Oracle v PaaS l: Oracle PaaS FAQ
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/paas-faq-092474.html

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3.2.2 Mi cng ty ni bt v cung cp PaaS trn th gii
n nm 2012, trn th gii c rt nhiu cng ty cung cp PaaS. Trong s , a s cc
nh cung cp ng nhiu vai tr quan trng khc trong lnh vc CNTT. Do , vic phn
loi cc nh cung cp l iu khng n gin. Trong mt bi phn tch, 10 cng ty di y
c xem l ni bc nht trong vic cung cp PaaS trn ton th gii (2/1012):


* Cng ty th 1: Amazon Web Services
Amazon c xy dng cc ng dng v PaaS, Amazon Web Service (AWS) Elastic
Beanstalk (hin nay mi bn th nghim), c xy dng trn nn tng vng chc rt ni
ting v nn tng dch v h tng, l EC2. Hin ti, Amazon cung cp cc plugins nh:
AWS Toolkit for Eclipse (plug-in cho Eclipse), AWS CloudFormation (mt dch v cho
php cc nh lp trnh to v qun l ti nguyn ca Amazon), mt vi ty chn v CSDL
trn nn tng m my v SDKs cho Android v cc my di ng Apple, ERuby, Java,
PHP v .Net.
* Cng ty th 2: Salesforce.com
.Thnh cng trn mt nn tng SaaS khng l l ng lc ln a dch v i v
PaaS, l Force.coms AppExchange v nn tng Heruko (Heroku l mt phn ca
Salesforce.com t nm 2010). Hin nay, theo IDC, cng ty ang v tr u ca th trng
chia s hng u. Salesforce.com c nhng pht trin vt bc sau hi tho DreamForce
vo ma thu nm 2011, trong c tuyn b trong nm 2011, 3000 ng dng c xy
dng hoc ci t c mi 24 gi v nn tng Force.com thc thi hn 650 triu giao tc mi
ngy.

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* Cng ty th 3: LongJump
LongJump bc vo lnh vc PaaS rt sm, vo nm 2008. LongJump kin tr thm
cc tnh nng mi v h tr bng c mt trung tm v lp trnh thu ht khch hng. Theo
cc ti liu, h ang c 600 khch hng ti thi im ny (02/2012). S kin ln nht ca
Long Jump l tr thnh partner ca AT&T vo 11/2011.
* Cng ty th 4: Microsoft
Nhiu li n rng Microsoft Azure PaaS 2 nm tui cha hp dn cc cng ty. PaaS
ca Microsoft vi mi trng tnh ton cho cc ng dng v lu tr bng d liu c v
khng cu trc trn Windows Azure; cn Windows Azure AppFabric l nhm dch v kt
ni ngi s dng v cc ng dng thu, qun l vic authentication, v ci t qun l d
liu, v c SQL Azure mt dch v CSDL trn cloud. Tuy nhin, cc nh phn tch cho
rng Microsoft ch making noises v nhng dch v t i em li. V cc nh phn tch
cng ni rng khng th c on c sc mnh ca Microsoft vi lc lng qun s
l cc lp trnh vin .Net ang ch t mt mi trng TM ct cnh cho h.


* Cng ty th 5: IBM
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IBM nhy vo th trng PaaS kh tr so vi cc cng ty khc, cung cp SmartCloud
Application Services PaaS thng 10/2011. Tuy nhin, vi b dy trong lnh vc lin quan
n cc doanh nghip v nn tng vng chi WebSphere middleware, IBM cho php cc
doanh nghip xy dng cc ng dng trn nn tng Java c th thc thi trn public cloud,
v IBM t tn l IBM Smart Cloud Enterprise. Mc tiu ca IBM nhm n l gi khch
hng i s dng h thng c dn li cho khch hng s dng cloud.
* Cng ty th 6: RedHat
Nhng ngi a thch Linux t hi li di ngn c ca mt m ngun m v PaaS,
l RedHats OpenShift. V nhng nh quan st u ch trch bi vin cnh cc ng dng
kh chuyn c th thc thi trn mt nn h tng vi chi ph thp v d dng thay th bng
mt gi khc m khng b nh hng. l l do chnh m mt h thng ln ecosystem
RedHat c th lm nn mt OpenShift v a nhiu hu ch n vi nhng lp trnh vin.


* Cng ty th 7: Cloud Foundry
Cloud Foundry l mt PaaS m ngun m c gii thiu u nm 2011 bi cng ty
Vmware. Trong tng lai, k hoch ca cng ty l xy dng cc sn phm thng mi.
Bng khi u vi Red Hat, VMware thu ht cc lp trnh vin cn mt nn tng m h
tr h xy dng bng ngn ng h mong mun v thc thi trn IaaS m h thch. Theo cc
thng tin chnh thc t cng ty, d n c c s quan tm c bit v hn 2.100 lp trnh
vin theo di s thay i m ngun m mt cch ch ng. Cc nh phn tch d on rng
AppFog, mt PaaS khi u trn nn tng ca m CloudFoundry, c s dng rng ri
nn l mt trong nhng sn phm thng mi ca CloudFoundry.
* Cng ty th 8: Google
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Google tuyn b c 200.000 lp trnh vin xy dng ng dng nn ca App Engine
PaaS. V ngy cng nhiu ng dng c cng b v chy c trn nn tng. Nhng
Google cha t ra gp vn .


* Cng ty th 9: CloudBees
CloudBees l cng ty u tin cung cp dch v PaaS trn nn tng Java cho php cc
doanh nghip phng thc d dng di chuyn cc ng dng Java sn c vo trong m
my. RUN@cloud l ng dng loi runtime side trong cu chuyn v PaaS ca
CloudBees. N cung cp cc ng dng c tnh nng server cho web, Java v cc ng dng
Spring. Khch hng ca CloudBees chn tng IaaS ca chnh h hoc trn cc private. Cc
ng dng chy trn RUN@cloud c th c xy dng s dng cc cng c pht trin Java
EE truyn thng hoc s dng trn h thng PaaS ca CloudBeesc tn l DEV@cloud.
DEV@cloud l mt mi trng trn nn tng m my pht trin, xy dng v kim li.
Sc mnh ca CloudBees nm vic hiu r gi tr ca cc m code Java hin hu trong
cc ng dng ca cc doanh nghip.
* Cng ty th 10: Engine Yard
Engine Yard l mt cng ty dn u v PaaS cho cc nh pht trin PaaS players cho
Ruby trn Rails v PHP. Hai ngn ng pht trin trn to ra cc ng dng cool v new
greenfield thc thi trn nn TM. c thnh lp t nm 2006, Engine yard vn gi
c cc khch hng nh: Nike, AOL, Apple, Disney v MTV.

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3.2.3 Cu chuyn v Salesforce
Khng nh nhng cng ty ln khc pht trin dch v PaaS t nn tng cung cp IaaS,
Salesforce khi nghip PaaS t dch v c sn SaaS vi cc phn mm CRM truyn
thng lu i. Trong nh gi v chin lc ca cng ty vi quan im phc v khch
hng l trn ht, Salesforce a ra nhng p lc buc cng ty phi b sung vic cung
cp dch v PaaS. l nhng p lc v nhng thch thc t s tri dy ca cc i th c
nhng u im trong nhiu mt, c th l:
- Cc i th - Industrial Rivalry: r rng Salesforce ang s dng cng ngh
CSDL l Oracle. Nhng nm gn y, cc h CRM ca Oracle rt pht trin. Do
, Salesforce s phi cnh tranh rt ln i vi Oracle. Ngoi ra, SAP cng l
mt trong nhng i th cnh tranh ln vi Salesforce trong lnh vc CRM.
- Buyer Power: Mi lc ca Salesforce b nh hng bi nhiu yu t. R rng,
s dng c h thng CRM ca Salesforce, s lng t cng ty tha mn
c iu kin. Do , yu t l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn khin Salesforce
phi trang b thm phng thc PaaS nhm tng khch hng tim nng i vi
cng ty.
- Substitutes: Ngoi Oracle v SAP, Salesforce phi i mt vi nhng cng ty
cung cp cc gii php CRM vi chi ph thp nh Microsoft Dynamics, Zoho.
- Thread of entry: nh cng ty IBM.
- Supplier Power: V ngun in, trong qu kh, Salesforce s dng nhiu
my ch SPARC. Cc my ch Sparc rt tn in nng. Hin nay, Salesforce
chuyn dn sang cc my DELL tit kim nhiu in nng hn.

Chin lc ca Salesforce ra tha mn cc vn sau:
- Tip tc chin u vi cc lc lng thay th v nhng i th.
- To ra mt lung cnh tranh mi v duy tr mi lc.
- Thu ht khch hng bng nhiu li th: gi, cht lng dch v cung cp.

T nhng nhn nh trn, lnh o Salesforce ra chin lc pht trin. l cung
cp thm dch v v PaaS cho nhng ngi s dng dch v phn mm (SaaS). cng l
m hnh hng n vic tn t nng lng hn. M hnh cung cp dch v nh hnh di
y:
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M hnh cung cp dch v PaaS ca Salesforce c th c xy dng trn cc h thng
sau:
- ApexDeveloper Network (vi s tr gip ca cc gi: wmforce, heroku)
- AppexChange
- Chatter
- S dng cc my tnh Dell tit kim nng lng thay th cc my tnh SPARC.


How to Win: Control the Ecosystem
Customers
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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. http://ritesh.samanpure.com/cloud-computing-models
[2]. http://searchcio.techtarget.in/tutorial/IaaS-cloud-computing-platform-guide-for-
managers
[3]. http://ritesh.samanpure.com/category/learning/.
[4]. http://blogs.computerworld.com/18863/take_the_paas.
[5]. http://www.networkworld.com/slideshow/32927?source=NWWNLE_nlt_daily_pm_20
12-02-27#slide5.
[6]. http://www.keeneview.com/2009/03/what-is-platform-as-service-paas.html.
[7]. http://www.salesforce.com/paas.
[8]. http://www.katescomment.com/iaas-paas-saas-definition/.
[9]. Trang Wikipedia v PaaS, IaaS.
[10]. Tp ch: The Korean Economic Review, Volumne 27, Number 2, Winter 2011, 203-20.
[11]. Fei TENG, lun vn tin s MANAGEMENT DES DONNEES ET
ORDONNANCEMENT DES TACHES SUR ARCHITECTURES DISTRIBUEES, trang
32 , lun vn bo v ngy 21/10/2011.
[12]. Oracle PaaS FAQ, http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/paas-faq-
092474.html
[13]. http://www.hcmgisportal.vn/ (bi dch v TM trong GIS).
[14]. http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Platform-as-a-Service-PaaS
[15]. http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/maas-confusion
[16]. Frost and Sullivan, Getting more out of the cloud with platform as a service,
http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/us/en/assets/IBM-Paas-WP.pdf, January 2012.