CIVIL DISTURBANCE OPERATIONS

Subcourse Number MP 1005

EDITION C
Unite St!tes Arm" Mi#it!r" Po#ice Sc$oo#
%ort McC#e##!n& A#!b!m! '()05*50'0
( Creit +ours
Eition D!te, A-ri# )00(
SUBCOURSE OVERVIE.
.e esi/ne t$is subcourse to te!c$ "ou $o0 to use cro0 contro# tec$ni1ues !n -#!n 2or !n su-er3ise
contro# 2orces urin/ ! ci3i# isturb!nce4
T$ere !re no -rere1uisites 2or t$is subcourse4
T$is subcourse re2#ects t$e octrine 0$ic$ 0!s current !t t$e time it 0!s -re-!re4 In "our o0n 0or5 situ!tion&
!#0!"s re2er to t$e #!test o22ici!# -ub#ic!tions4
Un#ess ot$er0ise st!te& t$e m!scu#ine /ener o2 sin/u#!r -ronouns is use to re2er to bot$ men !n 0omen4
TERMINAL LEARNIN6 OB7ECTIVE
ACTION, P#!n 2or& su-er3ise !n em-#o" cro0 contro# 2orces !n tec$ni1ues 2or ! ci3i# isturb!nce4
CONDITION, 8ou 0i## $!3e t$is subcourse& -!-er !n -enci#4
STANDARD, To emonstr!te com-etenc" o2 t$is t!s5& "ou must !c$ie3e ! minimum score o2 90 -ercent on t$e
subcourse e:!min!tion4
TABLE O% CONTENTS
Section P!/e
Subcourse O3er3ie04444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 i
Lesson 1, P#!n O-er!tions to Contro# ! Ci3i# Disturb!nce44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441*1
P!rt A, P#!nnin/444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441*1
P!rt B, Troo- Su--ort;Tr!inin/4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441*1'
P!rt C, O-er!tion!# Tec$ni1ues;A--#ic!tion o2 %orce4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1*19
P!rt D, O-er!tion!# T!s5s4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441*)<
Pr!ctice E:ercise444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441*'(
Ans0er =e" !n %eeb!c54444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 1*'<
Lesson ), Cro0 Contro# Tec$ni1ues44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 )*1
P!rt A, Cro0 Contro#4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444)*1
P!rt B, Neutr!#i>!tion o2 S-eci!# T$re!ts444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 )*11
Pr!ctice E:ercise44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444)*)(

Lesson ', Cro0 Contro# %orm!tions44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '*1
P!rt A, T"-es o2 %orm!tions !n .e!-ons44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444'*1
P!rt B, Unit Or/!ni>!tion44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '*<
P!rt C, S1u! %orm!tions444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444'*1'
P!rt D, P#!toon %orm!tions444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '*15
P!rt E, Com-!n" %orm!tions444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 '*')
Pr!ctice E:ercise
Lesson ?, Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-erser44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?*1
Pr!ctice E:ercise44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?*<

E:!min!tion
A--eni:, Pre3enti3e M!inten!nce C$ec5s !n Ser3ices @M''A1AA*1
LESSON 1
PLAN OPERATIONS TO CONTROL A CIVIL DISTURBANCE
OVERVIE.
LESSON DESCRIPTION,
T$is #esson is esi/ne to escribe t$e n!ture !n c!uses o2 is!22ection !n soci!# unrestB e2ine t$e -otenti!#
2or soci!# unrest in t$e Unite St!tesB ienti2" t$e t"-es o2 con2ront!tionsB e2ine cro0 be$!3ior!# !n
-s"c$o#o/ic!# in2#uencesB ienti2" -!tterns o2 isorer4
TERMINAL LEARNIN6 OB7ECTIVE,
ACTION, P#!n o-er!tions to contro# ! ci3i# isturb!nce4
CONDITION, 8ou 0i## $!3e t$is subcourse& -!-er !n -enci#4
STANDARD, To emonstr!te com-etenc" o2 t$is t!s5 "ou must !c$ie3e ! minimum score o2 90 -ercent
on t$e subcourse e:!min!tion4
RE%ERENCES, T$e m!teri!# cont!ine in t$is #esson 0!s eri3e 2rom t$e 2o##o0in/ -ub#ic!tions, %M '*
1C415B %M 10*10B %M '*1C4?4
PART A D PLANNIN6
14 Mission o2 Mi#it!r" %orces urin/ Ci3i# Disturb!nces4 T$e mission o2 mi#it!r" 2orces urin/ ci3i#
isturb!nces& bot$ in CONUS !n OCONUS& 0$ic$ c!nnot be o3er#" em-$!si>e& is to $e#- #oc!# !n st!te
!ut$orities to restore !n m!int!in #!0 !n orer4 T$is mission m!" be !ccom-#is$e b" bre!5in/ u-
un!ut$ori>e /!t$erin/s !n b" -!tro##in/ t$e isturb!nce !re! to -re3ent t$e commission o2 #!0#ess !cts4
Durin/ o-er!tions to restore orer& mi#it!r" 2orces m!" -resent ! s$o0 o2 2orce& est!b#is$ ro!b#oc5s& bre!5 u-
cro0s& em-#o" cro0 contro# !/ents& -!tro#& ser3e !s securit" 2orces or reser3es& !n -er2orm ot$er o-er!tions
!s re1uire4 Success2u# 2u#2i##ment o2 t$e missions 0i## e-en to ! #!r/e e:tent u-on su22icient -#!nnin/&
tr!inin/& -o#ice in2orm!tion& !n coorin!te !ctions o2 ini3iu!#s !n units4
)4 P#!nnin/ !n Pre-!r!tion4 To be most e22ecti3e& -#!nnin/ s$ou# be coorin!te 0it$ #oc!# ci3i# !ut$orities
to -ro3ie ! com-#ete co3er!/e o2 !## m!tters -ert!inin/ to o-er!tions !n ensure t$!t !re!s re1uirin/ Eoint
e22orts !re -ro-er#" consiere4 T$e -ro3ost m!rs$!# -er2orms ! 5e" ro#e in ci3i# isturb!nce -#!nnin/ ue to
t$e mission o2 restorin/ #!0 !n orer !ssi/ne ! mi#it!r" 2orce in con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions4 +is
5no0#e/e o2 -o#ice met$os is -!rticu#!r#" 3!#u!b#e to t$e comm!ner !n st!22 in t$eir -re-!r!tion to !ssist !
communit" to restore #!0 !n m!int!in orer4 Consier!tions s$ou# be /i3en to t$e -ro3ost m!rs$!# !s !
member o2 t$e !3!nce -!rt" to 2urt$er coorin!te !n re-resent t$e comm!ner 0it$ ci3i# -o#ice !/encies4
P#!nnin/ is ! continuin/ -rocess in3o#3in/ -ersonne#& correct in2orm!tion& #o/istics& !n o-er!tion!#
consier!tions4 It -ro3ies 2or !ction to be t!5en be2ore& urin/& !n !2ter isturb!nces4 A mi#it!r" unit
-re-!rin/ 2or con2ront!tion m!n!/ement ut" -!sses t$rou/$ t0o /ener!# -$!ses, t$e -#!nnin/ !n tr!inin/
-$!se& !n t$e !#ert -$!se4
!4 T$e P#!nnin/ !n Tr!inin/ P$!se4 In -#!nnin/ 2or cro0 contro# or ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions&
-#!nners must ecie 0$!t !t!& e1ui-ment !n tr!inin/ 0i## be neee in orer to res-on to t$e
emonstr!tion !n restore #!0 !n orer4 T$is -$!se inc#ues !## -re-!r!tions t$!t !re m!e -rior to t$e
unit bein/ !#erte4 Inc#ue in t$is -$!se !re -re-!r!tions o2 unit !#ert -#!ns !n st!nin/ o-er!tin/
-roceures @SOPA& sur3e" o2 !re!s !n routes& -re-!r!tion o2 -#!ns 2or -rob!b#e !re!s o2 isturb!nces&
-re-!r!tion o2 e1ui-ment !n cro0 contro# e3ices to inc#ue bot$ non #et$!# !n #et$!# munitions&
tr!inin/ in con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions& !n re$e!rs!#s o2 -#!ns4
b4 T$e A#ert P$!se4 T$is -$!se m!" be ! s$ort time or m!" e:ten o3er ! -erio o2 !"s4 Durin/ t$is
-$!se& t$e unit is 2u##" -re-!re !n re!" to mo3e4 Ve$ic#es !re #o!e 0it$ e1ui-ment !n re!" 2or
mo3ement4 So#iers !re resse in t$e -rescribe uni2orms4 .e!-ons& !mmunition& non*#et$!# munitions&
cro0 contro# !/ent munitions& !n su--#ies !re re!" 2or issue4 So#iers must be brie2e on t$e situ!tion
!n mission to t$e e:tent -ossib#e in con2orm!nce 0it$ instructions 2rom $i/$er $e!1u!rters4 T!#5s b"
com-!n" comm!ners !n -#!toon #e!ers must -re-!re t$e So#iers -s"c$o#o/ic!##" 2or t$e 2ort$comin/
mission
c4 N!tion!# 6u!r Units4 Durin/ t$e -#!nnin/ -$!se& N!tion!# 6u!r units 0$ic$ m!" be subEect to c!##
2or ut" s$ou# m!5e t$e -re-!r!tions -rescribe in AR 1'5*1004 S-eci!# !ttention must be /i3en to t$e
orient!tion o2 -ersonne# 0it$ re/!r to t$eir st!tus 0$en 2eer!#i>e4
'4 A#ert P#!n4 E!c$ or/!ni>!tion 0$ic$ m!" be in3o#3e in ci3i# isturb!nce s$ou# -re-!re ! et!i#e !#ert
-#!n& b!se u-on e:-ecte missions4 It must be ! #o/ic!# e3e#o-ment o2 t$e !#ert -#!n o2 t$e ne:t $i/$er unit4
T$e -#!n must -ro3ie 2or !n orer#" -rocess b" 0$ic$ t$e unit 0i## be brou/$t to ! st!te o2 o-er!tion!#
re!iness 0$ic$ 0i## $e#- it to -er2orm its !ssi/ne mission -rom-t#" !n e22icient#"4
!4 T$e !#ert -#!n s$ou# be b!se u-on #oc!# conitions !n 0$et$er "ou !re in CONUS or OCONUS4 It
must be re3ise !s ! resu#t o2 #essons #e!rne !n e:-erience /!ine b" re$e!rs!#s& or !s necess!r"& to
con2orm to c$!n/es in t$e !#ert -#!n o2 t$e ne:t $i/$er $e!1u!rters4 It s$ou# inc#ue suc$ items !s,
@1A Veri2ic!tion -roceures 2or t$e 0!rnin/ orer4
@)A Personne# noti2ic!tion -roceures !n -#!ces o2 !ssemb#"4
@'A Re1uire !ctions 2or e!c$ e#ement o2 t$e or/!ni>!tion4
@?A Proceures 2or issuin/ s-eci!# e1ui-ment& su--#ies& !n m!teri!#4
@5A Ve$ic#e -re-!r!tion4
@(A Securit" restrictions4
@9A Aministr!ti3e et!i#s
@<A Tent!ti3e brie2in/ re1uirements 2or unit -ersonne#4
@CA Pro3isions 2or o-enin/ ! unit Eourn!# !n est!b#is$in/ ! Eourn!# 2i#e immei!te#" u-on recei-t o2 t$e
0!rnin/ orer4
@10A Coorin!tion 0it$ ci3i# !ut$orities4
@11A Reconn!iss!nce4
@1)A Communic!tions4
b4 T$e !#ert -#!n must be t$orou/$#" unerstoo b" e3er" member o2 t$e unit4 E!c$ ini3iu!# must 5no0
$is uties& t$ose o2 $is ne:t senior& !n t$e unitFs mission4 +e must be -re-!re to re-#!ce $is ne:t senior4
?4 St!nin/ O-er!tin/ Proceures @SOPA4 Proceures 2or con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions s$ou# be
inc#ue in unit SOP4 In !ition& -roceures 2or !--re$ension& se!rc$& etention o2 -ersons& sei>ure o2
-ro-ert"& obt!inin/ 0itnesses !n st!tements& cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& ienti2"in/ e:tr!ction !n !--re$ension
te!ms !n reser3e 2orces to !ssist 0it$ cro0 contro# 0$en neee4 Aition!##" it s$ou# !#so ienti2" t$e t"-e
o2 cro0 contro# e1ui-ment to be uti#i>e& !n t$e -roceures 2or em-#o"ment !n use o2 non #et$!# 0e!-ons
!n munitions4
54 Or/!ni>!tion4 T$e e3e#o-ment o2 !n e22ecti3e 2orce c!-!b#e o2 contro##in/ ci3i# isturb!nces e-ens
#!r/e#" u-on -ro-er or/!ni>!tion4 T$e 2o##o0in/ 2i3e -rinci-#es o2 or/!ni>!tion s$ou# be consiere in
-#!nnin/ 2or !## ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions,
!4 Essenti!#it"4
b4 B!#!nce4
c4 Coorin!tion4
4 %#e:ibi#it"4
e4 E22icienc"4
(4 Unit Inte/rit" !n Decentr!#i>e Contro#4
!4 6ener!#4 An im-ort!nt !s-ect o2 con2ront!tion m!n!/ement is t$e /re!t number o2 missions in3o#3e
0$ic$ cre!tes t$e nee 2or 2orces to en/!/e in ! 3!riet" o2 o-er!tions !t t$e s!me time4 T$is is ! 2!ctor
0$ic$ must be t$orou/$#" -#!nne 2or !n const!nt#" e3!#u!te in t$e e3e#o-ment o2 !n e22ecti3e contro#
2orce4 T$e nee 2or immei!te ecisions is /re!t !n t$e re1uirement 2or irect su-er3ision is im-ort!ntB
t$ere2ore& contro# must be ecentr!#i>e4 Comm!ners must e3e#o- sm!## units c!-!b#e o2 2unctionin/ !s
se-!r!te te!ms& !s 0e## !s -!rt o2 t$e o3er!## 2orce4 T$ese sm!## units must be res-onsi3e to t$e c$!n/in/
situ!tion !n c!-!b#e o2 immei!te re!ction b!se on t$e ecisions o2 t$eir #e!ers4
b4 Unit Inte/rit"4 To use sm!## unit c!-!bi#it" to t$e best !3!nt!/e& or/!ni>!tion!# e3e#o-ment s$ou# be
b!se on unit inte/rit"4 %or inst!nce& 2or !n in2!ntr" unit t$e s1u! s$ou# be consiere t$e b!sic -!tro#
unitB t$is /i3es ! -#!toon @minus t$e 0e!-ons s1u!A t$e c!-!bi#ities o2 ! tot!# o2 t$ree 10*m!n -!tro#s !n
t$e com-!n" @minus t$e 0e!-ons -#!toonA ! tot!# o2 nine4 I2 sm!##er units !re necess!r"& t$e 2ire te!m
conce-t s$ou# be use4 Ot$er t"-es o2 units m!" nee to or/!ni>e in ! simi#!r 2!s$ion4
c4 Decentr!#i>e Contro#4 %or -ro-er e3e#o-ment o2 ecentr!#i>e contro#& c#e!r#" e2ine uties s$ou#
be !ssi/ne to t$e #o0est -ossib#e #e3e# !n !e1u!te !ut$orit" /i3en to t$e res-onsib#e -erson to -ermit
$im to o $is Eob e22ecti3e#"4
4 One o2 t$e most im-ort!nt -$!ses o2 ci3i# isturb!nce -#!nnin/ is t$e se#ection o2 -ersonne# 2or
con2ront!tion m!n!/ement ut"4 Personne# se#ecte 2or t$is ut" s$ou# be se#ecte usin/ t$e 2o##o0in/
criteri!,
@1A T$e !bi#it" to rem!in c!#m uner -$"sic!#& ment!#& !n emotion!# str!in4
@)A Res-ect !## -ersons4
@'A M!int!in !n im-!rti!#& -!tient !ttitue4
@?A Be !b#e to issue orers in ! m!nner cro0 members c!n unerst!n4
@5A Must not s$o0 si/ns o2 2e!r4
@(A Be in ! /oo -$"sic!# conition4
e4 T$e noncommissione o22icer @NCOA $!s ! tremenous ut" in t$is !re!4 T$e NCO is usu!##" t$e
-erson c#osest to t$e So#iers on ! !"*to*!" b!sis !n m!" be in t$e best -osition to see ! m!n 0$o m!"
$!3e become unre#i!b#e 2or ci3i# isturb!nce contro# ut"4 T$is t"-e o2 obser3!tion is -rice#ess to t$e
comm!ner4
94 Lo/istic!# P#!nnin/4
!4 6ener!#4 Ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions in3o#3e s-eci!# consier!tion 2or #o/istic!# su--ort e-enin/ on
0$et$er "ouGre $ere in t$e Unite St!tes or o3erse!s4 Lo/istic!# -#!nnin/ co3ers !## -$!ses o2 suc$
o-er!tions 2rom -re-!r!tion !n tr!inin/ to t$e en o2 t$e mission4 P#!nners must inc#ue -ro3isions 2or
necess!r" su--#ies& ser3ices& !n 2!ci#ities& t$rou/$ #oc!# ser3ices& i2 necess!r"4 T$ese m!" inc#ue
-ro3isions 2or 2oo& be3er!/es& !mmunition& s-eci!# cro0 contro# e1ui-ment !n s!nit!tion 2!ci#ities4
b4 E1ui-ment !n M!teri!#4
@1A Ini3iu!# !n or/!ni>!tion!# e1ui-ment -rescribe in common t!b#es o2 !##o0!nces @CTAA !n
t!b#es o2 or/!ni>!tion !n e1ui-ment @TOEA 2or So#iers !n units usu!##" !re su22icient 2or ci3i#
isturb!nce contro# o-er!tions4 Aition!# "ou m!" ! non*#et$!# munitions to "our e:istin/ or/!nic
0e!-ons s"stems suc$ !s t$e M)0'4 %or e:!m-#e& !in/ t$e MC -isto# 2or t$e e:tr!ction !n
!--re$ension te!ms& ! M1( or M? 0it$ ! )0' !tt!c$e& or ! 1) /!/e s$ot/un 0it$ non #et$!# munitions
c!-!bi#ities4 T$e s$ot/un 0it$ non #et$!# c!-!bi#ities c!n be uti#i>e b" t$e o3er 0!tc$ -ersonne#4 Ot$er
e:!m-#es o2 !ition!# e1ui-ment 0$ic$ m!" be neee !re !rmore 3e$ic#es& mec$!nic!# cro0 contro#
!/ent is-ersers& 2#oo#i/$ts& s-ot#i/$ts& se!rc$#i/$ts& c!mer!s o2 t$e Po#!roi t"-e& mo3ie c!mer!s&
-ub#ic !ress s"stems& $e!3" construction e1ui-ment& !ircr!2t& !mbu#!nces& 2irst !i 5its& 2ire2i/$tin/
e1ui-ment& /r!--#in/ $oo5s& #!ers& ro-es& s-eci!# 0e!-ons& communic!tions e1ui-ment& !n recorin/
e3ices4 E1ui-ment t$!t 0i## not be neee s$ou# be #e2t be$in4
@)A P#!ns must !#so -ro3ie 2or ! su--#" o2 b!rric!e !n ro!b#oc5 m!teri!#s !n e1ui-ment suc$ !s,
$e!3" sin/#e str!n 0ire& b!rbe 0ire& concertin! 0ire& $e!3" st!5es& $e!3" n!i#s !n s-i5es& !n -o0er
s!0s4 Si/ns !n si/n m!5in/ m!teri!#s& inc#uin/ 1uic5*r"in/ -!ints& must be !3!i#!b#e 2or use 0it$
b!rric!es !n ro!b#oc5s
@'A Unit*Accom-!n"in/ Su--#ies4 Pre-!r!tion o2 unit*!ccom-!n"in/ su--#ies !n e1ui-ment is
im-ort!nt 2or r!-i re!ction in emer/enc" situ!tions4 Amon/ t$e items 0$ic$ must be -ro3ie 2or !re
!mmunition& 2oo& 0!ter& /!so#ine& #ubric!nts& s-!re -!rts& cro0 contro# !/ents& m!-s& !n
!ministr!ti3e su--#ies4 Unit*!ccom-!n"in/ su--#ies s$ou# be e3e#o-e 0it$ unit inte/rit" in min4
A runnin/ in3entor" must be 5e-t !n com-#ete ins-ections m!e !s necess!r"4 B!se u-on t$e
c$!r!cteristics o2 e!c$ item& ! -roceure 2or -erioic e:c$!n/e o2 cert!in items s$ou# be est!b#is$e4
%or e:!m-#e& cro0 contro# !/ents& !mmunition& 2oostu22& !n /!so#ine eterior!te in -ro#on/e
stor!/e4 Retention o2 unser3ice!b#e m!teri!#s 0i## $!3e /r!3e conse1uences in t$e e3ent o2 !n
emer/enc"4 %urt$er& !mmunition s$ou# be 5e-t !-!rt b" t"-e !s 0e## !s #et$!# !n non #et$!#
c4 Tr!ns-ort!tion4 P#!ns must -ro3ie 2or !## t"-es o2 tr!ns-ort!tion neee in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4
In e3e#o-in/ tr!ns-ort!tion re1uirements& consier!tion must not be /i3en on#" to re1uirements o2
e-#o"ment& but must !#so inc#ue re1uirements 0it$in t$e isturbe !re!4 Commerci!# buses 2or m!ss
tr!ns-ort!tion 0it$in t$e obEecti3e !re!& !n t$e use o2 rent!# se!ns s$ou# be consiere4 TOE 3e$ic#es
s$ou# be incre!se !s necess!r" to -ro3ie su22icient 2#e:ibi#it" !n mobi#it" 2or o-er!tion!# !n su--ort
e#ements4 In t$is re/!r& tr!ns-ort!tion units !re to be consiere in t$e t!s5 2orce e3e#o-ment4
4 M!inten!nce4 Consier!tions s$ou# be /i3en to e:-!nin/ t$e e:istin/ m!inten!nce c!-!bi#it" o2 t$e
unit4 P!rticu#!r !ttention s$ou# be /i3en to re-#!cement o2 0ins$ie#s& tires& re!r3ie0 mirrors& #i/$ts& !n
r!io !ntenn!s4 Coorin!tion s$ou# be m!e 0it$ t$e 2ie# m!inten!nce 2!ci#it" to est!b#is$ m!inten!nce
!n e3!cu!tion -roceures !2ter t$e unit is committe4
e4 Re*su--#"4 De2inite -roceures must be est!b#is$e 2or re*su--#" in t$e obEecti3e !re!4 Consier!tion
s$ou# !#so be /i3en to t$e est!b#is$ment o2 #o/istic!# cont!ct te!ms in t$e obEecti3e !re!4 T$ese cont!ct
te!ms s$ou# $!3e irect communic!tions 0it$ su--ort units so t$!t critic!# su--#ies c!n be obt!ine !s soon
!s re1uire 0it$ ! minimum o2 e#!"4 Priorities 2or re1uisitions s$ou# be est!b#is$e to !22or t$e
m!:imum res-onse to re1uests 2or re*su--#"4
24 Lo!in/ P#!ns4
@1A Personne# Lo!in/ P#!n4 To ensure t$e isturb!nce contro# 2orce !rri3es in t$e obEecti3e !re!
-re-!re 2or immei!te em-#o"ment& comm!ners must e3e#o- -ersonne# #o!in/ -#!ns !roun t$e
-rinci-#e o2 unit inte/rit"4 Lo!in/ -#!ns must be re$e!rse !n s$ou# become SOP 0it$in t$e unit4
Personne# #o!in/ -#!ns must be e3e#o-e 2or e!c$ moe o2 tr!ns-ort!tion mentione !bo3e4
@)A E1ui-ment Lo!in/ P#!n4 Attention to unit inte/rit" !#so must be /i3en t$e e1ui-ment #o!in/ -#!n4
E!c$ e#ement o2 t$e 2orce must be escorte b" its re1uire e1ui-ment !n ! sm!## reser3e o2
!mmunition& cro0 contro# !/ents& !n b!sic su--#ies4
/4 Meic!# %!ci#ities4 P#!ns must -ro3ie 2or t$e -ro3ision o2 emer/enc" meic!# !ttention to mi#it!r"
-ersonne# !n ci3i#i!ns4 P#!ns s$ou# -ro3ie 2or 1u!#i2ie -ersonne#& !mbu#!nce ser3ice& meic!# !n
ci3i#i!n& 0$ene3er -ossib#e4
<4 O-er!tions P#!nnin/4
!4 Prior to e-#o"in/ t$e contro# 2orce& ! counteremonstr!tion 0or5in/ /rou- s$ou# be e3e#o-e to
coorin!te t$e resources t$!t 0i## nee to be em-#o"e b" t$e t!s5 2orce @T%A4 Det!i#e -#!nnin/ 2or t$e
-roceures use in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions !t e!c$ #e3e# o2 comm!n s$ou# inc#ue -ro3isions to
im-#ement -#!ns o2 t$e ne:t $i/$er ec$e#on4 T$is 0or5in/ /rou- s$ou# inc#ue,
@1A Pub#ic A22!irs
@)A 7oint mi#it!r" commission @7MCA& i2 or/!ni>e
@'A Pro3ost m!rs$!# o22ice @PMOA
@?A 6)& Assist!nt C$ie2 o2 St!22 n65 @Ci3i#i A2!irsA @65A& Assist!nt C$ie2 o2 St!22 6*( @si/n!#A @6(A
@5A PS8OP
@(A Ci3i# A22!irs
@9A Arm" Airs-!ce comm!n !n contro# @A)C)A
@<A C$!-#!in
@CA En/ineer
@10A Sur/eon
@11A %ire su--ort e#ement
b4 P#!ns s$ou# be -re-!re 2or e!c$ -rob!b#e m!Eor o-er!tion!# !re!4 T$ese -#!ns s$ou# be b!se on !
-$"sic!# reconn!iss!nce 0$ene3er -ossib#e4 E!c$ -#!n s$ou# inic!te !n !ssemb#" !re! 0it$ -rim!r" !n
!#tern!te routes t$ereto& tent!ti3e #oc!tions o2 ro!*b#oc5s !n obser3!tion -osts& tem-or!r" 1u!rters 2or
bi##etin/ !n 2eein/& ! -!tro# -#!n& ! securit" -#!n 2or cert!in 2!ci#ities& !n ot$er suc$ et!i#s4 M!-s&
o3er#!"s& !eri!# -$oto/r!-$s& !n s5etc$es s$ou# be obt!ine !n necess!r" -#!ns e3e#o-e 2or
istribution !n reser3e stoc5-i#in/4
c4 An out#ine s$ou# be -ro3ie 2or comm!n !n contro# o2 Eoint o-er!tions 0it$ ci3i# !ut$orities to
inc#ue Eoint -!tro#s& e:c$!n/e o2 e1ui-ment& etc4 %u## use o2 e:istin/ ci3i# -o#ice o-er!tion!# #imits 0i##
-ro3e $e#-2u# 2or !Eustin/ !n senin/ So#iers 2or best !re! co3er!/e4
C4 Mo3ement4 Mo3ement to t$e m!in !re!s must be consiere in e3e#o-in/ o-er!tions -#!ns4 T$e
isturb!nce contro# 2orce is e:treme#" 0e!5 urin/ mo3ement !n cou# recei3e ! subst!nti!# setb!c5 i2 rioters
isru-t t$e mo3ement route !n eb!r5!tion -oints4 En route securit"& to inc#ue !eri!# obser3!tion& must be
-ro3ie !t suc$ -#!ces !s o3er*-!sses& $i/$ bui#in/s& !n ot$er 3u#ner!b#e -oints4 %urt$er& t$e me!ns o2
mo3ement is critic!# to t$e success o2 t$e o-er!tion bec!use o2 t$e time 2!ctor in3o#3e4 Norm!##"& So#iers 0i##
be committe to ci3i# isturb!nce missions on e:treme#" s$ort notice !n must !rri3e -rom-t#" i2 t$e
isturb!nce is to be cont!ine 0it$ minim!# !m!/e to -ro-ert" !n inEur" to -ersons4 Since rioters c!n !--#"
t!ctics 0$ic$ 0i## e#!" t$e !rri3!#s o2 So#iers& t$e most irect routes !re se#ecte 0$ic$ !re #e!st 3u#ner!b#e4
A#tern!te routes must be -#!nne 2or4
104 Assemb#" Are!s4 Mo3ement -#!nnin/ must inc#ue t$e !3!nce se#ection o2 !re!s 2or !ssemb#" o2 units
!n t$e !ccountin/ 2or -ersonne# !n c$ec5in/ e1ui-ment4 Assemb#" !re!s s$ou# be su22icient#" remo3e
2rom t$e isturbe !re!s to -rec#ue t$eir bein/ en/u#2e b" t$e riotous e#ement4
114 Bi3ou!c Are!s !n Bi##ets4
!4 T$e se#ection o2 bi3ou!c !re!s !n bi##ets s$ou# be b!se on t$e 2o##o0in/ esir!b#e c$!r!cteristics,
@1A C#ose ist!nce to isturbe !re!4
@)A L!r/e enou/$ to !3oi con/estion4
@'A Re#!ti3e#" e!s" to secure4
@?A Ae1u!te -rim!r" !n !#tern!te routes !3!i#!b#e to t$e scene o2 isturb!nces4
@5A Ae1u!te s!nit!tion 2!ci#ities4
@(A Communic!tions 2!ci#ities4
b4 .$ene3er -ossib#e& m!:imum use o2 2eer!#& st!te& or -ub#ic -ro-ert" s$ou# be m!e in orer to sto-
e:tr! c#!ims 2or -ro-ert" !m!/es !n is-#e!sure !mon/ t$e -ub#ic4 T$e use o2 -ub#ic sc$oo#s -ro3ies
e:ce##ent bi##etin/& communic!tions& 0!ter& !n s!nit!r" 2!ci#ities4 +o0e3er& i2 sc$oo# is in session& use o2
sc$oo#s m!" !ct !s !n irrit!nt to t$e -ub#ic4 N!tion!# 6u!r !rmories !n Reser3e Centers !re ie!# i2
!3!i#!b#e4
1)4 Comm!n Posts4 Loc!tions 2or comm!n -osts s$ou# be se#ecte in !3!nce !n -#!ns -re-!re 2or
st!22in/ !n e1ui--in/ t$em 0it$ ! minimum o2 e#!"4 Consier!tion s$ou# be /i3en to bot$ t$e m!in
comm!n -ost !n to t!ctic!# comm!n -osts 0it$in t$e 3!rious subi3isions 0$ere riotin/ is most #i5e#" to
occur4 Securit" me!sures must be t!5en to ensure comm!n -osts !re not -enetr!te or o3errun be unru#"
e#ements4 Co##ection o2 mi#it!r" !n ci3i# -o#ice comm!n e#ements 2rom $i/$est to #o0est #e3e# re-resents t$e
best so#ution to t$e -rob#em o2 comm!n !n contro# bec!use o2 Eoint !s-ects in3o#3e4 Consier!tion s$ou#
be /i3en to use o2 -o#ice -recinct st!tions 2or co##oc!te comm!n -osts bec!use o2 t$eir str!te/ic #oc!tions
t$rou/$out t$e entire !re!4 Co##oc!tion o2 comm!n -osts in t$is m!nner 2!ci#it!tes continuin/ coorin!tion
bet0een mi#it!r" !n ci3i# !ut$orities4
1'4 Arm" Aircr!2t4 O-er!tions -#!nnin/ inc#ues consier!tion 2or t$e use o2 Arm" !ircr!2t @$e#ico-ters !n
2i:e*0in/A 2or comm!n !n contro#& communic!tions& obser3!tion& reconn!iss!nce& en route securit"&
istribution o2 cro0 contro# !/ents& contro##in/ t$e mo3ement o2 units& remo3in/ c!su!#ties& mo3ement o2
So#iers& re*su--#"& ro--in/ #e!2#ets& !irborne #ous-e!5er bro!c!stin/& !n ot$er !--ro-ri!te re1uirements4
P#!ns s$ou# inc#ue se!rc$#i/$t*e1ui--e obser3!tion $e#ico-ters to be use in or/!ni>in/ /roun -!tro#s to
ensure com-#ete co3er!/e !" !n ni/$t4
PART B * Pub#ic Re#!tions !n In2orm!tion4
14 Pub#ic re#!tions4
!4 Ci3i# isturb!nce -#!ns must inc#ue -ro3isions 2or 2urnis$in/ comm!ners in t$e !re! o2 o-er!tions 0it$
t$e -ersonne# !n e1ui-ment resources necess!r" to conuct in2orm!tion !cti3ities4
b4 In orer 2or -ub#ic re#!tions 0it$ t$e -ress to run smoot$#"& -#!ns s$ou# -ro3ie 2or,
@1A 6i3in/ !ccreite mei! re-resent!ti3eFs #oc!##" e3ise -ress -!sses t$!t 0i## m!5e t$eir -!ss!/e
t$rou/$ -o#ice #ines !n mi#it!r" c$ec5-oints e!sier4
@)A Coorin!tin/ -ress re1uests 2or co3er!/e o2 o-er!tions in t$e isturb!nce !re! to inc#ue
!rr!n/ements 2or 2urnis$in/ mi#it!r" -ersonne# to !ct !s -ress escorts 0$ere necess!r"4
@'A Est!b#is$ment o2 ! -ress room b" t$e -ub#ic !22!irs o22icer o2 t$e t!s5 2orce comm!ner4 T$is
2!ci#it" s$ou# be use 2or -erioic -ress brie2in/s !n !s ! centr!# -oint 2or /i3in/ t$e -ress unc#!ssi2ie
in2orm!tion in t$e 2orm o2 2!ct s$eets !n ot$er b!c5/roun !t! concernin/ t$e o-er!tion4
@?A To 5ee- So#iers in2orme& -#!ns s$ou# inc#ue,
@!A Arr!n/ements 2or -re-!r!tion !n issu!nce o2 ! !i#" 2!ct s$eet b" t$e -ub#ic !22!irs o22icer o2
t$e 2orce comm!ner4
@bA Arr!n/ements 2or /i3in/ -!rtici-!tin/ units 2ree co-ies o2 #oc!# !n re/ion!# ne0s-!-ers& i2
-r!ctic!#4
@cA Ans0er -ress 1uestions4
@5A B!tt!#ion !n #!r/er si>e units in t$e !re! o2 o-er!tion must be c!-!b#e o2,
@!A Res-onin/ to -ress 1uestions or -ro3iin/ t$e -ub#ic !22!irs o22icer o2 t$e ne:t $i/$er
$e!1u!rters 0it$ correct !t! !bout t$e unit4
@bA Pro3iin/ -ress escorts4
)4 In2orm!tion P#!nnin/4
!4 6ener!#4
@1A Due to t$e sensiti3it" !n im-ort!nce o2 in2orm!tion co##ection& !n!#"sis& !n issemin!tionB !##
-ersonne# en/!/e in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions must be 2!mi#i!r 0it$ !n 2o##o0 t$e -o#icies o2 t$e
De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm"4
@)A At t$e n!tion!# #e3e#& t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm" re#ies u-on t$e De-!rtment o2 7ustice to -ro3ie,
@!A Ci3i# isturb!nce t$re!t in2orm!tion re1uire 2or su--ort -#!nnin/ t$rou/$out t$e Arm" 2or
mi#it!r" ci3i# isturb!nce nees4
@bA E!r#" 0!rnin/ o2 ci3i# isturb!nce situ!tions 0$ic$ m!" e:cee t$e c!-!bi#ities 2or contro# b"
#oc!# !n st!te !ut$orities4
@'A Arm" in2orm!tion resources !re not use 2or t$e co##ection o2 ci3i# isturb!nce in2orm!tion unti# t$e
De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm" $!s m!e ! etermin!tion t$!t t$ere is ! istinct t$re!t o2 ci3i# isturb!nce
be"on t$e c!-!bi#it" o2 #oc!# !n st!te !ut$orities to contro#4 E3en !2ter t$is etermin!tion $!s been
m!e& t$e Arm" oes not !c1uire& re-ort& -rocess& or store ci3i# isturb!nce in2orm!tion on ci3i#i!n
ini3iu!#s or or/!ni>!tions 0$ose !cti3ities c!nnot& in ! re!son!b#e m!nner& be re#!te to t$e istinct
t$re!t o2 ! ci3i# isturb!nce 0$ic$ m!" re1uire t$e use o2 2eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces @in !ccor!nce 0it$ AR
'<0*1'A4
@?A .$en t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm" or $i/$er !ut$orit" irects 2eer!# So#iers to be -#!ce on
st!nb" or be committe to $e#- in restorin/ orer& t$ose troo- e#ements in3o#3e !re res-onsib#e @u-on
orerA 2or -rocessin/ ci3i# isturb!nce !t! obt!ine b" #i!ison -ersonne#4
@5A T$e -rouction o2 !t!& 0$en !ut$ori>e& is !ccom-#is$e uner t$e su-er3ision o2 t$e inte##i/ence
o22icerB $o0e3er& t$e co##ection e22ort re1uire is ! coorin!te !n continuin/ one on t$e -!rt o2 !##
concerne4 T$e co##ection e22ort must be b!se on essenti!# e#ements o2 !t! re1uire 2or soun #oc!#
-#!nnin/ !n t$e conuct o2 o-er!tions4 T$e co##oc!tion o2 comm!n -osts !n t$e est!b#is$ment o2
Eoint o-er!tion centers m!5e t$e co##ection !n e:c$!n/e o2 in2orm!tion run smoot$#"4 R!-i
istribution or t$is !t! is 3it!# to en!b#e ! 1uic5 !n e22ecti3e res-onse b" t$e t!s5 2orce4
b4 Co##ection4
@1A Mi#it!r" in2orm!tion e#ements $!3in/ counterinte##i/ence resources 0i## m!int!in t$e !bi#it" to
co##ect ci3i# isturb!nce t$re!t !t! urin/ t$e -erio in 0$ic$ t$ere is ! istinct t$re!t o2 !ctu!# ci3i#
isorer re1uirin/ t$e use o2 2eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces4
@)A On !cti3!tion b" t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm"& mi#it!r" inte##i/ence e#ements $!3in/
counterinte##i/ence c!-!bi#it" 0i##,
@!A Est!b#is$ !n m!int!in cont!ct 0it$ suit!b#e #oc!#& st!te& !n 2eer!# !ut$orities4
@bA Co##ect ci3i# isturb!nce !t! concernin/ incients& !n estim!te t$e c!-!bi#it" o2 ci3i#
!ut$orities to contro# t$e situ!tion4 T$is c!n be !c$ie3e t$rou/$ irect cont!ct 0it$ ci3i# !ut$orities4
@cA Re-ort co##ection resu#ts to t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm" in !ccor!nce 0it$ current -#!ns4
@A =ee- !--ro-ri!te comm!ners in2orme4
@eA Pro3ie inte##i/ence su--ort to t$e Person!# Li!ison O22icer C$ie2 o2 St!22 o2 t$e Arm"4
@2A Recommen met$os o2 o3ert co##ection& ot$er t$!n #i!ison& i2 re1uire& to t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e
Arm" 2or !--ro3!#4
@'A Mi#it!r" inte##i/ence e#ements m!" em-#o" met$os o2 co##ection ot$er t$!n #i!ison on#" on orer o2
t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm"4
@?A Co3ert !/ent o-er!tions !re not use to obt!in ci3i# isturb!nce !t! on -ersons or or/!ni>!tions
0it$out s-eci2ic !3!nce !--ro3!# o2 e!c$ o-er!tion b" t$e Uner Secret!r" o2 t$e Arm"4
@5A B!sic!##"& t$e 2o##o0in/ 3it!# e#ements o2 !t! 0i## be re1uire 2or soun -#!nnin/ !n o-er!tions
once !--ro3!# $!s been recei3e,
@!A ObEecti3es o2 e#ements 0$ic$ !re ! istinct t$re!t to c!use or !re c!usin/ ci3i# isturb!nces4
@bA Times !n #oc!tions o2 isturb!nces4
@cA C!use o2 isturb!nces4
@A E:istence o2 -ersons& /rou-s& or or/!ni>!tions 0$ic$ $!3e istincti3e#" t$re!tene or !re
cre!tin/ isturb!nces4
@eA Estim!te number o2 -ersons 0$o 0i## be or !re in3o#3e in ci3i# isturb!nces4
@2A Assemb#" !re!s 2or cro0s4
@/A Presence !n #oc!tion o2 5no0n #e!ers !n -ersons 0$o !re ! istinct t$re!t to c!use ci3i#
isturb!nces4
@$A Or/!ni>!tion !n !cti3ities -#!nne b" t$e #e!ers 0$o !re ! istinct t$re!t to c!use ci3i#
isturb!nce4
@iA Source& t"-es !n #oc!tions o2 !rms& e1ui-ment& !n su--#ies !3!i#!b#e to t$e #e!ers 0$o !re !
istinct t$re!t to c!use ci3i# isturb!nce4
@EA Use o2 se0ers& storm r!ins& !n ot$er uner/roun s"stems b" t$e e#ements 0$o !re ! istinct
t$re!t to c!use or !re c!usin/ ci3i# isturb!nces4
@5A Ienti2ic!tion o2 ne0 tec$ni1ues !n e1ui-ment not -re3ious#" use b" e#ements t$!t !re !
istinct t$re!t to c!use ci3i# isturb!nces4
@#A Attitue o2 /ener!# m!sses to0!rs,
@!A 6rou-s c!usin/ ci3i# isturb!nces4
@bA Ci3i# #!0 en2orcement !ut$orities4
@cA %eer!# inter3ention to contro# t$e isturb!nce4
@mA Possib#e t$re!t to -ub#ic -ro-ert" inc#uin/ -ri3!te uti#ities4
@nA Communic!tions !n contro# met$os em-#o"e b" e#ements re2erre to in -!r!/r!-$ 1 !bo3e4
PART C * Re1uest 2or %eer!# Su--ort;Tr!inin/
14 Re1uest 2or %eer!# Su--ort4
!4 Pro3iin/ mi#it!r" su--ort to st!te !n #oc!# /o3ernments to !ssist t$em in 1ue##in/ ! ci3i# isturb!nce or
riot re1uires c#ose coorin!tion t$rou/$ ! $ost o2 st!te !n 2eer!# !/encies4 It re1uires ! t$ou/$ brie2in/ o2
So#iers !t !## #e3e#s on 0$!t t$e" c!n !n c!nnot o 0it$ res-ect to #!0 en2orcement4 Ci3i# !ut$orities must
be brie2e on t$e restrictions -#!ce on 2eer!# 2orces b" t$e Constitution o2 t$e Unite St!tes& 2eer!#
st!tutes !n #!0s4
b4 Uner t$e Constitution o2 t$e Unite St!tes !n Unite St!te Coes t$e Presient is em-o0ere to irect
2eer!# inter3ention in ci3i# isturb!nces to,
@1A Res-on to st!te re1uest 2or !i in restorin/ orer
@)A En2orce t$e #!0s o2 t$e Unite St!tes4
@'A Protect t$e ci3i# ri/$ts o2 citi>ens
@?A Protect 2eer!# -ro-ert" !n 2unctions4
c4 T$e Secret!r" o2 De2ense ret!ins !--ro3!# 2or 2eer!# su--ort to ci3i# !ut$orities in3o#3in/ t$e use o2
DOD 2orces& -ersonne#& !n e1ui-ment4 T$e Secret!r" o2 t$e Arm" is t$e De-!rtment o2 De2ense e:ecuti3e
!/ent is t$e !--ro3!# !ut$orit" 2or 2eer!# emer/enc" su--ort in res-onse to n!tur!# or m!n*m!e is!sters
@e:ce-t 0e!-ons o2 m!ss estruction H.MDIA4 T$e Director!te o2 Mi#it!r" Su--ort @DOMSA -#!ns !n
e:ecutes t$e DOD omestic su--ort mission to ci3i# !ut$orities4 T$e DOMS is t$e DOD -rim!r" cont!ct
2or !## 2eer!# e-!rtments !n !/encies urin/ DOD in3o#3ement in most omestic su--ort o-er!tions4
DOMS is !#so t$e st!22 !/enc" res-onsib#e to t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22& Arm" !n Secret!r" o2 t$e Arm" 2or
recommenin/ to t$em !--ro-ri!te me!sures necess!r" to co-e 0it$ ci3i# isturb!nces !n terrorism !n to
tr!nsmit t$e !--ro3e recommen!tions to De-!rtment o2 De2ense !/encies 2or e:ecution !n to su-er3ise
t$e e:ecution4 T$e missions !n 2unctions o2 DOMS !re out#ine in AR 500*504 Aition!# ro#es o2
res-onsibi#ities o2 3!rious !/encies c!n be 2oun in %M '*1C415
Prior to !cti3!tin/ 2eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces t$ere is ! se1uence o2 ste-s t$!t must occur4 .$en !t! be/ins to
s$o0 t$!t ! isturb!nce m!" e3e#o- into ! situ!tion t$!t 0i## re1uire t$e $e#- o2 2eer!# 2orces& se3er!#
!ctions !re introuce !t t$e 2eer!# #e3e# 0$i#e st!te !n #oc!# #!0 en2orcement !/encies !ttem-t to cont!in
t$e isorer4 Suc$ !ctions m!" inc#ue incre!sin/ t$e re!iness -osture o2 2orces n!me to $e#- t$e
Eurisiction concerne4
4 As t$e situ!tion 0orsens !n t$e st!te em-#o"s its N!tion!# 6u!r& t$e U4S4 Attorne" 6ener!# 0ou# sen
$is -erson!# !/ent to t$e scene o2 t$e isorer4 T$is !/ent is n!me !s t$e Senior Ci3i#i!n Re-resent!ti3e o2
t$e Attorne" 6ener!# @SCRA6A !n is t$e or/!ni>er o2 !## 2eer!# !cti3ities in t$e !re! o2 t$e isorer&
inc#uin/ cont!ct 0it$ #oc!# ci3i# !ut$orities4 At t$e s!me time& t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22 o2 t$e U4S4 Arm" 0ou#
sen $is -erson!# #i!ison o22icer @PLOCSAA to t$e scene !#on/ 0it$ members o2 t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e
Arm" Li!ison Te!m @DALTA t$!t ser3es !s $is -#!nnin/ st!224
e4 At t$e s!me time t$e PLOCSA !n DALT !re sent& t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22 mi/$t orer t$e t!s5 2orce
comm!ner 0it$ $is 5e" st!22 o22icers !n unit comm!ners to t$e isturbe !re! 2or reconn!iss!nce4 T$ese
mi#it!r" -ersonne# 0ou# tr" to b#en in b" 0e!rin/ ci3i#i!n c#ot$in/ !n usin/ rent!# or -o#ice
tr!ns-ort!tion4
24 S$ou# t$e isturb!nce continue to incre!se be"on #oc!# !n st!te /o3ernment c!-!bi#ities& t$e st!te
#e/is#!ture or t$e /o3ernor 0ou# sen ! re1uest to t$e Presient 2or $e#- b" 2eer!# So#iers4 T$e Attorne"
6ener!# o2 t$e Unite St!tes $!s been n!me b" t$e Presient to recei3e !n or/!ni>e re1uests 2rom st!tes
2or 2eer!# mi#it!r" !i4
/4 T$e t!s5 2orce comm!ner !n t$e PLOCSA 0ou# re-ort t$eir 2inin/s !n recommen!tions to t$e
C$ie2 o2 St!22& U4S4 Arm"& 0$o in turn -!sses t$e !t! to t$e Secret!r" o2 De2ense4 T$e Senior Ci3i#i!n
Re-resent!ti3e 2rom t$e Attorne" 6ener!#& !2ter consu#t!tion 0it$ t$e PLOCSA !n t$e t!s5 2orce
comm!ner& m!5es $is recommen!tion to t$e Attorne" 6ener!#4 %o##o0in/ consu#t!tion 0it$ De-!rtment
o2 De2ense o22ici!#s& t$e Attorne" 6ener!#& !s !n or/!ni>er o2 !## 2eer!# ci3i# isturb!nce !cti3ities& m!5es
t$e recommen!tion to t$e Presient 2or usin/ 2eer!# 2orces to $e#- in restorin/ #!0 !n orer4
$4 Be2ore t$e Presient c!n sen 2eer!# So#iers& $e must 2irst issue ! -roc#!m!tion -re-!re b" t$e
Attorne" 6ener!#4 T$e -roc#!m!tion orers t$e cro0 to #e!3e t$e scene -e!ce!b#" 0it$in ! s-eci2ie
-erio o2 time4 At !n" time urin/ t$is se1uence& t$e Attorne" 6ener!# m!" see5 in2orm!# Presienti!#
!--ro3!# to -re*-osition 2eer!# So#iers in t$e !re! o2 t$e isturb!nce4 B" -o#ic"& -re*-ositionin/ o2 #ess
t$!n ! b!tt!#ion oes not re1uire Presienti!# !--ro3!#4
i4 T$e PresientFs e:ecuti3e orer tri//ers t$e em-#o"ment o2 t$e t!s5 2orceB t$is mo3e is 2u#2i##e in !
minimum !mount o2 time !s ! resu#t o2 soun -#!nnin/ !n re!#istic tr!inin/4
E4 .it$ ! #etter o2 instruction !s /ui!nce& t$e t!s5 2orce comm!ner 0i## st!rt o-er!tions to subue t$e
isturb!nce4 T$e #etter o2 instruction s-eci2ies comm!n !n contro#& ru#es o2 !--#ic!tion o2 2orce& -o#ic" on
custo" !n etention o2 ci3i#i!ns& #imit!tions on se!rc$es& !n re1uire re-orts4 T$e comm!ner su--orts
t$e #oc!# !ut$orities but $e oes not t!5e orers 2rom t$em4
54 A2ter 2eer!# So#iers !re committe& t$e De-!rtment o2 t$e Arm" tr!nsmits to t$e st!te /o3ernor !n
ot$ers concerne& mess!/es !nnouncin/ t$e 2eer!#i>in/ o2 Arm" !n esi/n!te N!tion!# 6u!r !n Air
N!tion!# 6u!r units to !cti3e ut"4 T$ese 2orces& once 2eer!#i>e& !re -#!ce uner t$e comm!n o2 t$e
t!s5 2orce comm!ner4 T$rou/$out t$e o-er!tion& t$e t!s5 2orce comm!ner consu#ts 0it$ t$e Senior
Ci3i#i!n Re-resent!ti3e 2rom t$e Attorne" 6ener!# re/!rin/ mi#it!r" o-er!tions !n ecisions& 0$en
2e!sib#e4 +e -rom-t#" !3ises t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22& U4S4 Arm"& on !ction t!5en !s ! resu#t o2 t$e consu#t!tions4
T$e Senior Ci3i#i!n Re-resent!ti3e 2rom t$e Attorne" 6ener!#& in consu#t!tion 0it$ t$e t!s5 2orce
comm!ner& est!b#is$es !n m!int!ins #i!ison 0it$ ci3i# !ut$orities in t$e !re!s o2 o-er!tion !n is t$e
-rim!r" coorin!tor 2or !## 2eer!# !cti3ities4 A2ter t$e isturb!nce $!s been reuce to t$e -oint t$!t ci3i#
!ut$orities !re !/!in c!-!b#e o2 m!int!inin/ #!0 !n orer& t$e ecision to ree-#o" 2eer!# 2orces is m!e
0it$ t$e s!me c!re !n coorin!tion t$!t too5 -#!ce -rior to e-#o"ment4 T$e !nnouncement to ree-#o"
0i## usu!##" be m!e b" t$e Secret!r" o2 t$e Arm"B t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22& U4S4 Arm"& 0i## orer 2eer!# 2orces
b!c5 to $ome st!tions !n t$e N!tion!# 6u!r !n Air N!tion!# 6u!r 0i## be returne to st!te contro#4
)4 Tr!inin/4
!4 T$e best m!e -#!ns !re o2 #itt#e 3!#ue i2 t$e men c!rr"in/ t$em out !re not c!-!b#e !n 0e##*tr!ine4
T$ere2ore& !## su-er3isors must ensure t$!t e!c$ -erson is tr!ine !n e1ui--e to $!n#e t$e 3!rious t!s5s
t$!t $e m!" be re1uire to $!n#e urin/ ! ci3i# isturb!nce contro# mission4 Ci3i# isturb!nce tr!inin/ must
be incor-or!te into t$e !nnu!# tr!inin/ -ro/r!m4 T$e tr!inin/ must be intensi3e& re!#istic !n sust!ine to
better -re-!re t$e So#iers to -er2orm t$e ci3i# isturb!nce mission4 A #!c5 o2 ini3iu!# tr!inin/ in ci3i#
isturb!nce o-er!tion m!" resu#t in !3erse e22ect to t$e -oint o2 en!n/erin/ #i3es& es-eci!##" t$e #i3es o2
So#iers4
b4 T$ere !re t0o b!sic !re!s o2 tr!inin/ to be consiere in t$is #esson, ini3iu!# tr!inin/ !n unit;te!m
tr!inin/4
'4 Ini3iu!# Tr!inin/4
!4 So#iers in3o#3e in ci3i# isturb!nce ut" re1uire tr!inin/ to !Eust t$emse#3es to t$e noise !n
con2usion cre!te b" #!r/e numbers o2 -eo-#e 2!cin/ t$em4 Count#ess ot$er e#ements contribute /re!t#" to
!n:ieties !n tensions4 Ini3iu!# So#iers 0i## be s$oute !t& insu#te& s$!me& be#itt#e or c!##e !busi3e
n!mes4 T$e" must #e!rn to i/nore t$ese t!unts !n not !##o0 -erson!# 2ee#in/s to inter2ere 0it$ t$e
2u#2i##ment o2 t$eir mission4 An" un!ut$ori>e !ctions t!5en !/!inst t$e emonstr!tor& m!" resu#t in
un2!3or!b#e -ub#icit" b#!min/ t$e contro# 2orce !s usin/ brut!# t!ctics4 Aition!##"& So#iers c!n e:-ect
obEects to be t$ro0n !t t$em& but must #e!rn to !3oi t$ese obEectsB t$e" must ne3er t$ro0 obEects b!c54
So#iers s$ou# unerst!n t$!t t$e 0e##*isci-#ine 2u#2i##ment o2 orers is t$e most e22ecti3e 2orce !--#ie
!/!inst troub#em!5ers4 T$e" must be instructe in !## !s-ects o2 se#2*contro# so t$e" m!" be ment!##"
-re-!re 2or -!rtici-!tion in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4
b4 Ps"c$o#o/ic!# in2#uences4
@1A T$e !ction o2 ci3i# isturb!nce -!rtici-!nts !n t$e /ener!# ci3i# isturb!nce en3ironment combine
to im-ose stron/ -ressure u-on members o2 t$e contro#s 2orce4 7ust !s t$e cro0 m!" be s0e-t into
3io#ence b" suc$ -s"c$o#o/ic!# in2#uences !s $o-in/ to rem!in !non"mous& t$e tr!ns2erence o2 mor!#
res-onsibi#ities& !n t$e re#e!se o2 ee- set emotions& re!ctions o2 t$e contro# 2orce m!" be im-ro-er
bec!use o2 t$e e22ect o2 suc$ 2!ctors on t$em4 Contro# 2orce -ersonne# must be m!e !0!re o2 t$ese
2!ctors so t$e" o not become 3ictims o2 t$eir in2#uence4 %or inst!nce, contro# 2orce -ersonne# !t =ent
St!te 2ire !t ! /rou- o2 stuents4 As 2!r !s c!n be etermine& no one /!3e t$e orer to 2ire !n no one
5no0s 0$o 2ire 2irst& but t$e !ctions o2 one or more -ersons 0ere cert!in#" imit!te b" ot$er members
o2 t$e contro# 2orce4
@)A Ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions !n t$e emotion!# in3o#3ement !n stress t$e" cre!te c!use -otenti!##"
!n/erous situ!tions 0$ic$ c!n #e! to t$e e:cessi3e use o2 2orce b" contro# 2orce -ersonne#4 8ou must
#e!rn to e:-ect t$e !ctions o2 ci3i# isturb!nce -!rtici-!nts !n to o-er!te in t$is stress en3ironment4
Abo3e !##& "ou must contro# "our emotions !n /u!r !/!inst e:cessi3e res-onse !n t$e ur/e to /et
re3en/e4
c4 Unit Tr!inin/4
@1A In t$e e3e#o-ment o2 ! unit tr!inin/ -ro/r!m 2or ci3i# isturb!nce& m!n" consier!tions s$ou# be
!resse in term o2 resources t$!t !re !3!i#!b#e4 An !n!#"sis o2 t$e units -ersonne#& o2 0$o is tr!ine
!n 0$o is not& 0$!t So#iers $!3e re!# #i2e e:-erience !n $!3e /r!u!te 2rom t$e Non #et$!#
Ini3iu!# .e!-ons Instructor Course @INI.ICA& t"-e o2 e1ui-ment t$!t is !3!i#!b#e& non #et$!#
c!-!bi#ities& times !n #oc!tions to conuct tr!inin/4 Aition!##" "ou must #oo5 !t incor-or!tin/ t$e
units SOP in ci3i# isturb!nce @e-enin/ on "our t$e!ter o2 o-er!tions& CONUS !n OCUNUSA4
@)A T$e Unit tr!inin/ -ro/r!m s$ou# uti#i>e t$e se3en ste- !--ro!c$ 2oun in %M 9*0 !n 9*1& !n be
b!se on t$e unitFs METL& e:-ecte contin/encies& -rior tr!inin/ !n t$e -ro2icienc" o2 t$e unit4 T$e
tr!inin/ -ro/r!m s$ou# not on#" co3er t$e items escribe !bo3e but !#so co3er !## !s-ects o2 ci3i#
isturb!nce o-er!tions !n s$ou# ent!i# more t$!n e3e#o-in/ mec$!nic!# s5i## in cro0 contro#
2orm!tions4 Tr!inin/ s$ou# em-$!si>e -rotection o2 2ire*2i/$ters& t$eir e1ui-ment& resients o2 t$e !re!&
use o2 non #et$!# 0e!-ons !n t!ctics !n ot$er -eo-#e tr"in/ to contro# t$e isturb!nce4 Tr!inin/ s$ou#
!#so inc#ue tec$ni1ues o2 o-er!tions in t$ose !re!s 0$ere "ou !re most #i5e#" to be use& !s 0e## !s
-roceures 2or neutr!#i>in/ s-eci!# t$re!ts4
@'A T$e -ur-ose o2 tr!inin/ t$e units in ci3i# isturb!nce tr!inin/ is to e3!#u!te t$eir c!-!bi#it" to
res-on !n c!rr" out t$eir !ssi/ne mission to 1uic5#" !n e#iber!te#" e:ecute t$e isturb!nce contro#
-roceures re1uire to -re3ent #oss o2 #i2e !n -ro-ert" !n re/!in contro#B o2 ! ci3i# isturb!nce4
Tr!inin/ s$ou# 2ocus on& but is not #imite to,
@!A Instructors4
@bA Ini3iu!# !n co##ecti3e ri##s4
@cA Le!ers4
@A E1ui-ment4
@eA .e!-ons4
@2A Munitions4
@/A Li3e*2ire r!n/e e:ercises4
@$A Ju!#i2ic!tions !n 2!mi#i!ri>!tion4
@iA So#ier tr!inin/ e:ercises @STKsA
@EA Cu#min!tin/ e:ercises4
@?A 6ener!##" s-e!5in/& t$e b!sic unit tr!inin/ obEecti3es !re,
@!A Unit tr!inin/ is esi/ne to e3e#o- -ersons to 2unction !s ! te!m4 To be e22ecti3e& t$is tr!inin/
must inc#ue !## members o2 t$e unit4
@bA Unit tr!inin/ must co3er !## !s-ects o2 ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4 It must inc#ue more t$!n
e3e#o-in/ mec$!nic!# s5i## in riot contro# 2orm!tions4
@cA Re$e!rs!#s o2 !#ert -$!ses& #o!in/ -#!ns& !n o-er!tions -#!ns s$ou# be $e# !s o2ten !s eeme
necess!r" to re!c$ !n 5ee- t$e re1uire e/ree o2 s5i##4
@A Inte/r!te !n concurrent tr!inin/& st!te in t$e !--ro-ri!te ARTEPs s$ou# be inc#ue in unit
tr!inin/4 Aition!# in2orm!tion on r!n/e set u- !n non*#et$!# tr!inin/ c!n be 2oun in %M '*
1C4154
4 .e!-ons !n S-eci!# E1ui-ment4 Personne# !rme 0it$ s-eci!# e1ui-ment must be 0e## tr!ine in its
use4 E:!m-#es o2 t$ese s-eci!# items m!" inc#ue t$e 2o##o0in/, cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers& non #et$!#
0e!-ons !n munitions& /ren!e #!unc$er& s$ot/uns& sni-er ri2#es& c!mer!s& -ort!b#e -ub#ic !ress s"stems&
ni/$t i##umin!tion e3ices& 2ire2i/$tin/ e1ui-ment& /r!--#in/ $oo5s& #!ers& ro-es& !rmore -ersonne#
c!rriers& !n ro!b#oc5s;b!rric!es4 It is im-ort!nt t$!t e3er" member o2 t$e contro# 2orce be tr!ine in
usin/ $is !ssi/ne 0e!-on !n s-eci!# e1ui-ment4
e4 S-eci!# Proceures4 T$ere !re numerous t$re!ts& suc$ !s sni-in/ !n bombin/& 0$ic$ m!" be
encountere urin/ ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions& 0$ic$ 0i## re1uire ! s-eci!#i>e res-onse to s!2e#" !n
e22ecti3e#" neutr!#i>e t$em4 E:-erience s$o0s t$e e22ecti3eness o2 t$ese counterme!sures e-ens u-on
contro# !n -recision in e:ecution4 T$ese in turn e-en u-on t$e 1u!ntit" !n 1u!#it" o2 -rior -#!nnin/ !n
-ro-er tr!inin/ 2or $!n#in/ suc$ e3ents4
24 Le!ers$i-4 T$e conuct o2 ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions -#!ces unusu!# em!ns on #e!ers$i- s5i##s4
Contro# 2orce su-er3isors s$ou# be m!e !0!re o2 t$ese unusu!# em!ns !n be -re-!re to co-e 0it$
t$em4 T$ere2ore& tr!inin/ 2or ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions s$ou# not be restricte to t$e So#ier4
Comm!ner !n st!22& !t !## #e3e#s& must e:!mine t$eir o0n e:-eriences !n e/ree o2 s5i## in t$ese m!tters&
to etermine tr!inin/ re1uire to re!c$ o-er!tion!# re!iness4
PART D * O-er!tion!# Tec$ni1ues;A--#ic!tion o2 %orce
14 O-er!tion!# Tec$ni1ues4
!4 6ener!#4 In !ssistin/ ci3i# !ut$orities in t$e restor!tion o2 #!0 !n orer& mi#it!r" 2orces 0i## be c!##e
u-on to t!5e !ction in ! mu#titue o2 situ!tions o2 3!r"in/ m!/nitues4 T$e !--#ic!tion o2 t$e -rinci-#es
iscusse in t$is #esson 0i## contribute in /re!t me!sure to t$e success2u# !ccom-#is$ment o2 ! ci3i#
isturb!nce mission4
b4 Minimum %orce4 T$e commitment o2 mi#it!r" 2orces to en2orce ci3i# #!0 must be consiere !s ! r!stic
#!st resort& !n t$eir in3o#3ement must be #imite to t$!t e/ree Eusti2ie b" necessit"4 In comb!t situ!tions
So#iers !re t!u/$t to 2i/$t !n e#imin!te t$re!ts4 In ci3i# isturb!nce& So#iers must e!# 0it$
noncomb!t!nts t$!t $!3e intern!tion!##" reco/ni>e ri/$ts4 T$ese ri/$ts must be res-ecte 0$i#e
m!int!inin/ -ub#ic orer4 T$e use o2 2orce must be restricte to t$e minimum e/ree consistent 0it$
mission 2u#2i##ment4 T$e use o2 e:cessi3e or unnecess!r" 2orce m!" subEect t$e res-onsib#e -erson to ci3i#
or crimin!# #i!bi#it" !n m!" ser3e to incre!se -ub#ic s"m-!t$" 2or t$e emonstr!tors4
@1A T$e commitment o2 #!r/e numbers o2 So#iers in ! ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tion s$ou# not be
misunerstoo !s t$e !--#ic!tion o2 unnecess!r" 2orce or t$e !--#ic!tion o2 more t$!n minimum 2orce4
E!r#" !n m!ssi3e commitment o2 So#iers $!s in t$e -!st -re3ente& in m!n" inst!nces& t$e 0orsenin/
o2 ! #o0*#e3e# ci3i# isturb!nce into ! 3io#ent con2ront!tion4
@)A .$en !ctu!##" committin/ 2orces in ! ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tion& consier!tion must be /i3en to t$e
re#!ti3e merits o2 e-#o"in/ 2orces in m!:imum number on ! L$i/$ 3isibi#it"L or L#o0 3isibi#it"L b!sis4
T$ere !re !3!nt!/es !n is!3!nt!/es to bot$ !--ro!c$esB $o0e3er& t$e eterminin/ 2!ctor s$ou# be
t$e moo o2 t$e riotous e#ement**t$e !--ro!c$ t$!t is e:-ecte to -rouce t$e stron/est eterrent e22ect
u-on t$eir esire to commit 2urt$er 3io#ence4
c4 O-er!tion!# Consier!tions4 Mi#it!r" 2orces must be -re-!re 2or commitment in ! ci3i# isturb!nce ro#e4
An inte/r!# -!rt o2 t$is re!iness is t$e -re-!r!tion o2 !--ro-ri!te -#!ns o2 o-er!tion4 In e3e#o-in/ t$ese
-#!ns& comm!ners !n st!22 must consier cert!in b!sic -rinci-#es 0$ic$ !re consiere !--#ic!b#e to t$e
e:ecution o2 ci3i# isturb!nce missions4
@1A ObEecti3e Are!4 T$e obEecti3e o2 mi#it!r" 2orces in ci3i# isturb!nce contro# o-er!tions is t$e
restor!tion o2 #!0 !n orer 0it$in t$e !re! o2 o-er!tions4 To 2u#2i## t$is obEecti3e& t$e !re! o2 o-er!tions
s$ou# be 2i##e 0it$ 0e##*isci-#ine& 0e##*e1ui--e& !n 0e##*tr!ine So#iers4 Action must be t!5en
to $o# b!c5 !ttem-ts b" rioters to c!use inEur" !n !m!/e to -ersons !n -ro-ert"& !n !## -ersons
succeein/ in suc$ !cts o2 #!0#essness !--re$ene !n turne o3er to ci3i# -o#ice4
@)A Positi3e Action4 T$e success2u# !--#ic!tion o2 t$e -ositi3e !ction -rinci-#e e-ens to ! /re!t e:tent
on /ettin/ correct !t!4 Actions must be irecte !t e2e!tin/ t$e o3er!## -ur-ose o2 t$e unru#" e#ement4
T$e" must be esi/ne so t$!t t$e comm!ner is in t$e -osition o2 /!inin/ !n e:ercisin/ t$e initi!ti3e
0it$ !n u#tim!te obEecti3e o2 im-osin/ $is 0i## u-on t$e unru#" /rou-4 P#!ns must be 2#e:ib#e enou/$
t$!t !3!nt!/e c!n be t!5en o2 r!-i#" c$!n/in/ situ!tions& 0$i#e reco/ni>in/ t$e re1uirement to be
-re-!re to meet une:-ecte e3e#o-ments4 .$en !--#"in/ t$is -rinci-#e& stic5 stron/#" to ru#es o2
en/!/ement& st!n!rs o2 conuct& !n 2!ir tre!tment o2 ci3i#i!ns4
@'A M!ss4 Pro-er consier!tion s$ou# be /i3en to t$e commitment o2 su22icient 2orces !t t$e -ro-er
time !n -#!ce4 It is im-ort!nt in t$is re/!r& t$ere2ore& t$!t 2orces -re3ent or subue success2u##" !n
r!-i#" !n" !n !## !cts o2 isorer !n #!0#essness4 .$en 2orces !re committe -ieceme!# !n in
in!e1u!te numbers& t$e" m!" not be !b#e to co-e 0it$ t$e situ!tion4 I2 success2u# in t$eir !cts& rioters
0i## /!in con2ience !n 2urt$er !cts o2 3io#ence 0i## be -ursue& c!usin/ t$e isturb!nce to 0orsen4
Vit!# to t$e -ro-er !--#ic!tion o2 t$e -rinci-#e o2 m!ss is t$e nee 2or /oo inte##i/ence !n c#ose
obser3!tion o2 t$e cro0 !n mob be$!3ior!# -!tterns4 T$e most critic!# !re!s e-en #!r/e#" on t$e
#oc!# situ!tion !n t$e re!sons 2or t$e isturb!nce4 In /ener!#& $o0e3er& t$e business !n inustri!# !re!s
!re most 3u#ner!b#e to !cts o2 3io#ence4
@?A Econom" o2 %orce4 T$is -rinci-#e s$ou# not be consiere !s in con2#ict 0it$ t$e -rinci-#e o2 m!ss4
It s$ou#& inste!& be consiere !s com-#ementin/ t$e -rinci-#e o2 m!ss4 S5i##2u# !n iscreet use o2
2orce 0i## !ssist t$e contro# 2orce to !--#" bot$ -rinci-#es 0it$ minimum out#!" o2 resources4 T$e 5e" to
!--#"in/ bot$ o2 t$ese -rinci-#es !t t$e s!me time !n success2u##" is t$e use o2 $i/$#" mobi#e& 0e##*
e1ui--e reser3e 2orces4 P#!ns s$ou# c!## 2or t$e situ!tion o2 t$e isturb!nce !re! 0it$ -!tro#s e1ui--e
0it$ non #et$!# c!-!bi#ities to /!t$er in2orm!tion !n cre!te t$e -s"c$o#o/ic!# im-ression o2 t$e contro#
2orce bein/ e3er"0$ere4 +o0e3er& t$e entire 2orce s$ou# ne3er be committe 2or t$is -ur-ose4 P!tro#
2orces s$ou# be instructe to $!n#e on#" !cts o2 #!0#essness 0$ic$ t$e" !re sure t$e" c!n co-e 0it$
!n c!## 2or $e#- in t$e more serious isturb!nces4 Reser3e 2orces s$ou# be str!te/ic!##" -#!ce
t$rou/$out t$e !re! !n be c!-!b#e o2 res-onin/ 1uic5#" to t$ese c!##s 2or $e#-4
@5A M!neu3er4 Pro-er m!neu3er is 3it!# in /!inin/ !n m!int!inin/ t$e !3!nt!/e4 In ! ci3i#
isturb!nce o-er!tion& t$e obEect o2 m!neu3er is to em-#o" 2orce in suc$ ! m!nner !s to /i3e t$em t$e
!3!nt!/e !n t$us !c$ie3e resu#ts 0$ic$ !re #e!st cost#" in men !n m!teri!#4 T$is in3o#3es t$e
se#ection o2 -!tro# !re!s !n t$e contro# o2 critic!# routes to ensure 2reeom o2 mo3ement4 It !#so
in3o#3es t$e c$oice o2 5e" terr!in 0$ere ! cro0 m!" be more e!si#" contro##e4 %in!##"& mi#it!r" 2orces
s$ou# be !b#e to mo3e e!si#" to $e#- t$em re!c$ t$e scene o2 !n" isturb!nce 1uic5#"4
@(A Unit" o2 Comm!n4 Unit" o2 comm!n !ssures unit" o2 e22ort b" t$e !ction o2 !## 2orces to0!r t$e
common /o!# o2 restorin/ #!0 !n orer4 .$i#e unit" o2 comm!n is best !c$ie3e b" 3estin/& ! sin/#e
comm!ner 0it$ t$e re1uire !ut$orit" to 2u#2i## t!s5s t$!t must be one& it is not !#0!"s -ossib#e4
Bec!use o2 #e/!# s!nctions& #oc!#& st!te& !n 2eer!# 2orces c!nnot be unite uner one comm!ner in
ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4 %eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces to inc#ue t$e N!tion!# 6u!r 0$en 2eer!#i>e 0i##
not 2!## uner t$e contro# o2 !n" #oc!# or st!te !/enc"4 T$ere2ore t$e est!b#is$ment o2 Eoint o-er!tions
centers& !n t$e reco/nition o2 e!c$ ot$erFs c!-!bi#ities !n #imit!tions& 0i## cre!te ! -ositi3e !ttitue !n
0i## contribute to unit o2 e22ort4
)4 A--#ic!tion o2 %orce4
!4 6ener!#4
@1A Ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions b" 2eer!# 2orces 0i## not be !ut$ori>e unti# t$e Presient is !3ise b"
t$e $i/$est o22ici!#s o2 t$e st!te t$!t t$e situ!tion c!nnot be contro##e 0it$ non2eer!# resources
!3!i#!b#e4 T$e mission o2 t$e contro# 2orce is to $e#- restore #!0 !n orer !n to $e#- m!int!in it unti#
suc$ time !s st!te !n #oc!# 2orces c!n contro# t$e situ!tion 0it$out 2eer!# $e#-4 In -er2ormin/ t$is
mission& t$e contro# 2orce m!" $!3e to !cti3e#" -!rtici-!te& not on#" in subuin/ t$e isturb!nce& but !#so
in $e#-in/ to et!in t$ose res-onsib#e 2or it4 Contro# 2orce comm!ners !re !ut$ori>e !n irecte to
-ro3ie suc$ !cti3e -!rtici-!tion& subEect to restr!ints on t$e use o2 2orce4
@)A Prior to committin/ !n" 2eer!# 2orces in t$e 1u!i#in/ o2 ci3i# isturb!nce 0$et$er in CONUS or
OCONUS comm!ners s$ou# tr!in !n continu!##" brie2 t$e contro# 2orce on t$e ru#e o2 en/!/ement
@ROEA4 T$e comm!ner is res-onsib#e 2or r!2tin/& inter-retin/& issemin!tin/& !n tr!inin/ t$e contro#
2orce on t$e ROE4 T$e st!22 7u/e A3oc!te @S7AA s$ou# be inc#ue in t$e ROE e3e#o-ment to
ensure t$!t it 0i## not im-ro-er#" constr!in !ctions& but sti## 0i## rem!in consistent 0it$ omestic !n
intern!tion!# #!0s& -o#ices& !n orers o2 t$e c$!in o2 comm!n4
@'A I2 non #et$!# 0e!-on !n munitions !re to be uti#i>e& t$e" s$ou# be !resse 0it$in t$e ROE !n
issemin!te to t$e #o0est #e3e#& -re2er!b#e to -#!toon !n s1u! #e3e#s4 T$is re1uires t$!t !## -ersonne#
$!3e ! c#e!r unerst!nin/ o2 t$e ROE !n t$e comm!nerFs intent4
@?A .$i#e ser3in/ 0it$ ! mu#tin!tion!# o-er!tion uner t$e -re3ie0 o2 t$e Unite N!tions @UNA c$!rter
or custom!r" intern!tion!# #!0 t$e UN 0i## m!" m!n!te cert!in restrictions on t$e use o2 2orce4 B" t$e
use o2 o3er0$e#min/ 2orce urin/ ! ci3i# isturb!nce uner t$e UN m!" com-romise i-#om!tic e22orts
to re!c$ ! -e!ce2u# so#ution4 Comm!ners must be0!re t$!t !n" con2ront!tion o2 t$e ROE m!e b"
so#iers c!n $!3e str!te/ic -o#itic!# im-#ic!tions on current !n 2uture o-er!tions4
@5A T$e -rim!r" ru#e 0$ic$ /o3erns t$e !ctions o2 2eer!# 2orces in $e#-in/ st!te !n #oc!# !ut$orities to
restore #!0 !n orer is t$!t t$e contro# 2orce use on#" t$e minimum 2orce re1uire 2u#2i##in/ t$e mission4
T$is c$ie2 -rinci-#e s$ou# contro# bot$ t$e se#ection o2 !--ro-ri!te o-er!tion!# tec$ni1ues !n t$e
c$oice o2 o-tions 2or !rmin/ t$e contro# 2orce4 In c!rr"in/ out t$is -rinci-#e& t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce is
!ut$ori>e on#" uner e:treme circumst!nces 0$ere cert!in s-eci2ic st!n!rs !re met4 To em-$!si>e
#imit!tions on use o2 2ire-o0er !n to restrict !utom!tic 2ire& ri2#es 0it$ on#" ! s!2e or semi!utom!tic
se#ection c!-!bi#it" or moi2ie to suc$ ! c!-!bi#it" 0i## be use !s ! b!sic 0e!-on 2or So#iers in ! ci3i#
isturb!nce !re!4
@(A B" uti#i>in/ t$e sc!#!b#e e22ects conce-t in res-onse to ! /!t$erin/ cro0 or emonstr!tion& t$e use
o2 2orce -o#ic" must be c#e!r#" unerstoo b" t$e so#iers or contro# 2orce t$!t t$e" m!" on#" use t$e
minimum !mount o2 2orce to 1u!## t$e situ!tion 0it$out t$e /r!u!te res-onse& 0$ic$ m!" c!use !
esc!#!tion o2 $osti#ities or 3io#ence4 Comm!ners s$ou# consier usin/ t$e 2o##o0in/ sc!#!b#e e22ects
-rocess,
@!A Tr" to -ersu!e t$e cro0 to 1uiet#" is-erse b" t!#5in/ to t$e #e!ers o2 t$e emonstr!tion4
@bA Use tr!ns#!tors !s necess!r"4
@cA Let t$e 2irst !--ro!c$ to t$e #e!ers or emonstr!tor b" t$e #oc!# or st!te !ut$orities @/o3ernor&
m!"or or #!0 en2orcement -ersonne#A4
@A P!ss out $!nbi##s re1uestin/ t$!t t$e cro0 return $ome4
@eA Use 3ieo t!#e !n sti## c!mer!s to -$oto/r!-$ ini3iu!#s !n e3ents 2or #!ter use in tr!i#s4
@2A 6i3e 0!rnin/ be2ore mo3in/ to t$e ne:t #e3e# o2 2orce4
@9A A## -ersonne#& -rior to -!rtici-!tion in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions& nee to be tr!ine !n brie2e !s
to,
@!A T$e s-eci2ic mission o2 t$e unit4
@bA Ru#es o2 en/!/ement !n use o2 2orce /o3ernin/ t$e !--#ic!tion o2 mi#it!r" 2orce !s t$e" !--#"
to t$e s-eci2ic situ!tion4
@cA A -s"c$o#o/ic!# orient!tion on t$e #oc!# situ!tion& s-eci2ic!##" !ressin/ t"-es o2 !buse 0$ic$
mi#it!r" -ersonne# m!" be e:-ecte to recei3e !n t$e -ro-er res-onse to t$ese t"-es o2 !buse4
b4 Use o2 De!#" !n Non*e!#" %orce4
@1A Comm!ners !re !ut$ori>e to use non*e!#" 2orce to contro# t$e isturb!nce& to -re3ent crimes&
!n to et!in -ersons 0$o $!3e committe crimesB but t$e e/ree o2 2orce use must be not /re!ter t$!n
t$!t re!son!b#" necess!r" uner t$e circumst!nces4 T$e use o2 e!#" 2orce& in e22ect& in3o5es t$e -o0er
o2 summ!r" e:ecution !n c!n& t$ere2ore& be Eusti2ie on#" b" e:treme circumst!nces4 Accorin/#"& its
use is not !ut$ori>e 2or t$e -ur-ose o2 -re3entin/ !cti3ities 0$ic$ o not -ose ! si/ni2ic!nt ris5 o2 e!t$
or serious boi#" $!rm4 I2 ! mission c!nnot be !ccom-#is$e 0it$out t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce& but e!#"
2orce is not -ermitte uner t$e /uie#ines !ut$ori>in/ its use& !ccom-#is$ment o2 t$e mission must be
e#!"e unti# su22icient non*e!#" 2orce c!n be brou/$t to be!r4 A## t$e re1uirements o2 -!r!/r!-$ @bA&
be#o0& must be met in e3er" c!se in 0$ic$ e!#" 2orce is em-#o"e4
@)A T$e use o2 e!#" 2orce is !ut$ori>e on#" uner conitions o2 e:treme necessit" !n !s ! #!st resort
0$en !## #esser me!ns $!3e 2!i#e or c!nnot be re!son!b#" be em-#o"e4 De!#" 2orce is Eusti2ie uner
one or more o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ circumst!nces,
@!A Se#2* e2ense !n e2ense o2 ot$ers4 .$en e!#" 2orce re!son!b#" !--e!rs to be necess!r" to
-rotect #!0 en2orcement or securit" -ersonne# 0$o re!son!b#" be#ie3e t$emse#3es or ot$ers to be in
imminent !n/er o2 e!t$ or serious boi#" $!rm4
@bA Assets in3o#3in/ n!tion!# securit"4 .$en e!#" 2orce re!son!b#" !--e!rs necess!r" to -re3ent
t$e !ctu!# t$e2t or s!bot!/e o2 !ssets 3it!# to n!tion!# securit"4 DoD !ssets s$!## be s-eci2ic!##"
esi/n!te !s M3it!# to n!tion!# securit"N on#" 0$en t$eir #oss& !m!/e& or com-romise 0ou#
serious#" Eeo-!ri>e t$e 2u#2i##ment o2 ! n!tion!# e2ense mission4 E:!m-#es inc#ue nuc#e!r
0e!-onsB nuc#e!r comm!n& contro#& !n communic!tions 2!ci#itiesB !n esi/n!te restricte !re! !s
cont!inin/ str!te/ic o-er!tion!# !ssets& sensiti3e coes& or s-eci!# !ccess -ro/r!ms4
@cA Assets no in3o#3in/ n!tion!# securit" but in$erent#" !n/erous to ot$ers4 .$en e!#" 2orce
re!son!b#" !--e!rs to be necess!r" to -re3ent t$e !ctu!# t$e2t or s!bot!/e o2 resources& suc$ !s
o-er!b#e 0e!-ons or !mmunition& t$!t !re in$erent#" !n/erous to ot$ersB i4e4& !ssets t$!t& in t$e
$!ns o2 !n un!ut$ori>e ini3iu!#& -resent ! subst!nti!# -otenti!# !n/er o2 e!t$ or serious boi#"
$!rm to ot$ers4 E:!m-#es inc#ue $i/$ ris5 -ort!b#e !n #et$!# missi#es& roc5ets& !rms& !mmunition&
e:-#osi3es& c$emic!# !/ents& !n s-eci!# nuc#e!r m!teri!#4
@A Serious o22enses !/!inst -ersons4 .$en e!#" 2orce re!son!b#" !--e!rs necess!r" to -re3ent
t$e commission o2 ! serious o22ense in3o#3in/ 3io#ence !n t$re!tenin/ e!t$ or serious boi#" $!rm4
E:!m-#es inc#ue murer& !rme robber"& !n !//r!3!te !ss!u#t4
@eA Arrest or !--re$ension4 .$en e!#" 2orce re!son!b#" !--e!rs to be necess!r" to !rrest&
!--re$en& or -re3ent t$e esc!-e o2 ! -erson 0$o& t$ere is -rob!b#" c!use to be#ie3e& $!s committe
!n o22ense o2 t$e n!ture in @)A t$rou/$ @?A !bo3e4
@2A Esc!-es4 .$en e!#" 2orce $!s been s-eci2ic!##" !ut$ori>e b" t$e +e!s o2 t$e DoD
Com-onents !n re!son!b#e !--e!rs to be necess!r" to -re3ent t$e esc!-e o2 ! -risoner& -ro3ie
#!0 en2orcement or securit" -ersonne# $!3e -rob!b#e c!use to be#ie3e t$!t t$e esc!-in/ -risoner
-oses ! t$re!t o2 serious boi#" $!rm eit$er to securit" -ersonne# or ot$ers4
@'A E3er" So#ier $!s t$e ri/$t uner t$e #!0 to use re!son!b#" necess!r" 2orce to e2en $imse#2
!/!inst 3io#ent !n !n/erous -erson!# !tt!c54 T$e #imit!tions o2 t$is -!r!/r!-$ !re not intene to
in2rin/e on t$is ri/$t& but to -re3ent t$e un!ut$ori>e or r!nom use o2 ot$er t"-es o2 e!#" 2orce4
@?A In !ition& t$e 2o##o0in/ -o#icies re/!rin/ t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce 0i## be obser3e,
@!A 6i3e !n orer to $!#t4
@bA .!rnin/ s$ot 0i## not be 2ire4
@cA .$en ! 2ire!rm is isc$!r/e it 0i## be 2ire 0it$ t$e intent o2 renerin/ t$e -erson@sA !t 0$om it
is isc$!r/e inc!-!b#e o2 continuin/ t$!t !cti3it" or course o2 be$!3ior -rom-tin/ t$e ini3iu!# to
s$oot4
@A S$ot 0i## be 2ire on#" 0it$ ue re/!r 2or t$e s!2et" o2 innocent b"st!ners4
@eA In t$e c!se o2 $o#stere 0e!-ons& ! 0e!-on s$ou# not be remo3e 2rom t$e $o#ster un#ess t$ere
is re!son!b#e e:-ect!tion t$!t use o2 t$e 0e!-on m!" be necess!r"4
@5A E3en 0$en its use is !ut$ori>e& e!#" 2orce must be use on#" 0it$ /re!t se#ecti3it" !n -recision
!/!inst t$e -!rticu#!r t$re!t 0$ic$ Eusti2ies its use4 %or e:!m-#e& t$e recei-t o2 sni-er 2ire& $o0e3er
e!#"& 2rom !n un5no0n #oc!tion c!n ne3er Eusti2" Lreturnin/ t$e 2ireL !/!inst !n" or !## -ersons 0$o
m!" be 3isib#e on t$e street or in ne!rb" bui#in/s4 Suc$ r!nom res-onse is 2!r too #i5e#" to resu#t in
!ccients !mon/ innocent b"st!ners or 2e##o0 #!0 en2orcement -ersonne#B t$e !--ro-ri!te res-onse is
to t!5e co3er !n tr" to #oc!te t$e source o2 t$e 2ire so t$!t t$e t$re!t c!n be neutr!#i>e4
@(A T!s5 2orce comm!ners !re !ut$ori>e to $!3e #i3e !mmunition issue to -ersonne# uner t$eir
comm!n4 T$e ini3iu!# So#ier 0i## be instructe& $o0e3er& t$!t $e m!" not #o! $is 0e!-on e:ce-t
0$en !ut$ori>e b" !n o22icer& or -ro3ie $e is not uner t$e irect contro# !n su-er3ision o2 !n
o22icer& 0$en t$e situ!tion 0ou# Eusti2" t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce4 =ee-in/ contro# o3er t$e #o!in/ o2
0e!-ons unti# suc$ time !s t$e nee 2or suc$ !ction is c#e!r#" est!b#is$e is o2 critic!# im-ort!nce in
sto--in/ t$e unEusti2ie use o2 e!#" 2orce4 .$en -ossib#e& comm!n !n contro# !rr!n/ements s$ou#
be s-eci2ic!##" esi/ne to 2!ci#it!te suc$ c!re2u# contro# o2 e!#" 0e!-ons4
@9A T$e -resence o2 #o!e 0e!-ons in tense situ!tions m!" in3ite t$e !--#ic!tion o2 e!#" 2orce in
res-onse to bein/ !nno"e 0$ic$& 0$i#e subEect to criticism& is not su22icient to Eusti2" its useB !n
incre!ses t$e !n/er t$!t t$e im-ro-er isc$!r/e o2 ! 0e!-on b" one or more -ersons 0i## #e! ot$ers to
! re2#e: res-onse on t$e mist!5en !ssum-tion t$!t !n orer to 2ire $!s been /i3en4 O22icers s$ou# be
c#e!r#" instructe& t$ere2ore& t$!t t$e" $!3e ! -erson!# ob#i/!tion to 0it$$o# -ermission 2or #o!in/ unti#
circumst!nces s$o0 ! $i/$ -rob!bi#it" t$!t e!#" 2orce 0i## -rob!b#" be necess!r" !n Eusti2ie uner
t$e /uie#ines -re3ious#" iscusse4 Stron/ comm!n must be e:ercise to !ssure t$!t t$e #o!in/ o2
0e!-ons is not !ut$ori>e in ! routine& -rem!ture& or b#!n5et m!nner4
@<A Positi3e contro# o3er 0e!-ons must be e:ercise !t !## times4 Ini3iu!# So#iers 0i## be instructe
t$!t t$e" m!" not 2ire t$eir 0e!-ons e:ce-t 0$en !ut$ori>e b" !n o22icer& or -ro3ie $e is not uner
t$e irect contro# !n su-er3ision o2 !n o22icer& 0$en circumst!nces 0ou# Eusti2" t$e use o2 e!#"
2orce4 +e must not on#" be t$orou/$#" 2!mi#i!r 0it$ t$e ru#es 2or use o2 e!#" 2orce& but $e must !#so
re!#i>e t$!t 0$ene3er $is unit is o-er!tin/ uner t$e immei!te contro# o2 !n o22icer& t$!t o22icer 0i##
etermine 0$et$er t$e 2irin/ o2 #i3e !mmunition is necess!r"4
c4 Comm!n !n Contro#4
@1A T$e c$!in o2 comm!n !n !re!s o2 res-onsibi#it" must be c#e!r#" e2ine !t !## #e3e#s4 .$ene3er
-r!ctic!b#e& t$e !ssi/ne unit boun!ries s$ou# coincie 0it$ t$e #oc!# -o#ice subi3isions to sim-#i2"
coorin!tion o2 !cti3ities in t$e !re!4 Boun!ries !re usu!##" #oc!te in streets or !##e"s 0it$
coorin!tin/ -oints !t street intersections4 .$en ! street is n!me !s ! boun!r"& res-onsibi#it" 2or bot$
sies o2 t$e street is /i3en to one unit to ensure -ro-er co3er!/e4 Arr!n/ement s$ou# be m!e to $!3e
ci3i# -o#ice !n So#iers o-er!te to/et$er4 In !ition to t$e Eoint !ction b" -o#ice !n So#iers in t$e
streets& !rr!n/ements s$ou# be m!e to e:c$!n/e #i!ison o22icers !t e!c$ $e!1u!rters 2rom com-!n"
t$rou/$ i3ision on ! )?*$our b!sis4 Arr!n/ements s$ou# !#so be m!e 2or t$e co##oc!tion o2 mi#it!r"
!n ci3i#i!n -o#ice comm!n e#ements4
@)A A 0ritten co-" o2 s-eci!# orers must be /i3en to So#iers u-on t$eir !rri3!# on t$e scene4 T$ese
orers& !#on/ 0it$ t$e restrictions in e22ect 2or t$e o-er!tions& must be unerstoo !n com-#ie 0it$ b"
!## So#iers4 T$e -o-u#!ce must be tre!te 2!ir#" in !## c!ses4 An" incient o2 unnecess!r" -ro-ert"
!m!/e or boi#" $!rm 0i## cre!te !n/er 0$ic$ m!" resu#t in incre!se !cts o2 3io#ence4
@'A Comm!ners !t !## #e3e#s s$ou# ensure t$!t t$e So#iers est!b#is$ t$e immei!te im-ression t$!t
t$e" !re 0e##*isci-#ine& 0e##*tr!ine& !n 2u##" re!" to 2u#2i## t$eir mission4 T$is initi!# im-ression
must t$en be m!int!ine t$rou/$out t$e o-er!tion4 A--e!r!nce is e:treme#" im-ort!nt !n t$e So#iers
s$ou# 0e!r =e3#!r $e#mets& 0eb /e!r& !n c!rr" 0e!-ons !t !## times 0$en outsie bui#in/s4 Rest
!re!s s$ou# not be #oc!te ne!r !ssi/ne -osts in -ub#ic 3ie04 T$e -s"c$o#o/ic!# im-!ct on t$e ci3i#i!n
-o-u#!ce o2 bein/ 2!ce b" !n !#ert& 0e##*isci-#ine mi#it!r" 2orce e22ecti3e#" eters some -otenti!#
rioters !n #ooters4 So#iers !ssi/ne to st!tion!r" -osts !n motori>e or 2oot -!tro#s s$ou# be re#ie3e
2rom t$ose uties o2ten since !#ertness 2!es 1uic5#" in t$is t"-e o2 ut"4
@?A To ensure t$!t t$e So#iers rem!in !#ert !n obser3e t$e orers !n instructions in e22ect& it is
im-ort!nt t$!t comm!ners !t !## #e3e#s /et on t$e /roun 0it$ t$e So#iers to su-er3ise t$eir !cti3ities
!n to -ro3ie /ui!nce in 1uestion!b#e c!ses4 +!3in/ t$e comm!ner on t$e /roun 0it$ So#iers is
!#so !n im-ort!nt mor!#e 2!ctor !n stren/t$ens t$e So#ierFs sense o2 !ccom-#is$ment4
4 A--re$ension4
@1A T$e !--re$ension o2 !n ini3iu!# #!0bre!5er or /rou-s o2 3io#!tors is ! 3it!# 2unction urin/ ci3i#
isturb!nce o-er!tions4 Bec!use o2 t$e #e/!# consier!tions in3o#3e& ci3i# -o#ice s$ou# be use to
m!5e t$e !ctu!# !--re$ension 0$ene3er -ossib#e4 .$en mi#it!r" 2orces et!in or t!5e ! ci3i#i!n in to
tem-or!r" custo"& $e 0i## be turne o3er to ci3i# -o#ice !s soon !s -ossib#e4
@)A Mi#it!r" -ersonne# s$ou# be instructe not to !s5 1uestions !t t$e scene4 No 1uestions s$ou# be
!s5e o2 t$e sus-ect ot$er t$!n ienti2ic!tion in1uiries suc$ !s n!me& -#!ce o2 resience& or -#!ce o2
em-#o"ment4 Juestionin/ -ert!inin/ to t$e incient cou# cre!te #e/!# com-#ic!tions 0$ic$ mi/$t
-re3ent ! subse1uent con3iction4
@'A Personne# must -rom-t#" re-ort to t$eir su-eriors& 2o##o0*u- in 0ritin/ !## im-ort!nt !t! concernin/
t$e etention o2 ci3i#i!ns& inc#uin/ t$e n!mes !n #oc!tions o2 0itnesses4 DD )90<& Recei-t 2or Inm!te
or Det!ine Person& m!" be use 2or t$is -ur-ose4 P$oto/r!-$s t!5en !t t$e scene !n !tt!c$e to t$e
re-ort !re 3er" 3!#u!b#e 2or ienti2ic!tion -ur-oses !n 2or #!ter use in court testimon"4 T$e re-ort
s$ou# be ret!ine !t t$e !--ro-ri!te $e!1u!rters& !n use !s ! b!sis 2or -re-!rin/ ! re-ort to t$e ci3i#
-o#ice4 An" -$"sic!# e3ience obt!ine& to/et$er 0it$ e3ience t!/s !n recei-ts com-#ete !s re1uire&
0i## be e#i3ere 0it$ t$e et!ine -erson4
@?A Vio#!tors must be tre!te 2!ir#" !n im-!rti!##"4 Minimum 2orce necess!r" s$ou# !#0!"s be !
/uiin/ -rinci-#e4 Consier!tion must be /i3en to t$e s!2et" o2 innocent b"st!ners& t$e seriousness o2
t$e incient& !n t$e 0e!-ons o2 t$e 3io#!tors4 Attitues !n comm!ns !re es-eci!##" im-ort!nt4 An
o22ener m!" res-on to 2irm st!tements re/!rin/ t$e is!3!nt!/e to $im o2 2urt$er !ction4 I2 t$e
esire res-onse is obt!ine& t$e !--re$ension or etention s$ou# be m!e usin/ c#e!r !n concise
comm!ns 0it$ t$e e:ercise o2 ue c!ution !n 3i/i#!nce4
e4 +!n#in/ !n Processin/ o2 Det!inees4
@1A It is im-ort!nt t$!t mi#it!r" comm!ners /i3e s-eci!# consier!tion to t$e -ro-er -roceures in
$!n#in/ et!inees e3en t$ou/$ t$is -rob#em norm!##" is t$e -rim!r" concern o2 ci3i# !ut$orities4 T$e
#!r/e numbers o2 o22eners 0$ic$ m!" be !--re$ene or et!ine in !n !re! o2 ci3i# isorer -oses !
s-eci!# -rob#em 2or isturb!nce contro# 2orces4 I2 time -ermits& -rior 2orm!# !rr!n/ements concernin/
et!i#s o2 $!n#in/ ci3i#i!ns t!5en into custo" s$ou# be m!eB i2 t$is c!nnot be one& !rr!n/ements
s$ou# be 2orm!#i>e !t t$e e!r#iest -ossib#e time4
@)A Det!inees s$ou# be 1uic5#" -rocesse !n remo3e 2rom t$e scene o2 t$e !rrest4 T$is -roceure
s$ou# inc#ue ! 1uic5 se!rc$& out o2 si/$t o2 on#oo5ers& i2 -ossib#e4 T$e" s$ou# t$en be se-!r!te -rior
to remo3!# 2rom t$e !re!4 T$e se-!r!tion is b!se on t$e !mount o2 custo" neee to secure t$e
et!inee& se:& !n !/e4 InEure -risoners must be remo3e to meic!# 2!ci#ities4 %em!#e -ersonne# must
be -ro3ie to se!rc$ 2em!#e et!inees4 It is es-eci!##" im-ort!nt t$!t n!mes !n !resses o2 0itnesses
be recore b" !--re$enin/ or et!inin/ -ersonne#4
24 Arm" Detention %!ci#ities4
@1A T$e Arm" 0i## not o-er!te 2!ci#ities 2or con2inement& custo"& or etention o2 ci3i#i!n -ersonne#
!--re$ene 2or 3io#!tion o2 #oc!# or st!te #!0s !s #on/ !s ci3i# con2inement 2!ci#ities& o-er!te b" t$e
De-!rtment o2 7ustice& st!te& or #oc!# !/encies !re su22icient to !ccommo!te t$e number o2 -ersons
!--re$ene4
@)A .$en it !--e!rs t$!t !3!i#!b#e #oc!# 2!ci#ities !re insu22icient& ue to t$e #!r/e number o2 -ersons
!--re$ene or et!ine& !n t$is 2!ct c!n be 3eri2ie b" t$e -erson or !/enc" res-onsib#e 2or t$e
2!ci#ities& tem-or!r" con2inement;etention 2!ci#ities m!" be o-er!te 0it$ -rior !--ro3!# 2rom DA&
s-eci2ic!##"& t$e C$ie2 o2 St!22& U4S4 Arm"4 T$ese 2!ci#ities 0i## be o-er!te on#" unti# custo" o2 t$e
-ersons et!ine c!n be tr!ns2erre to !n !ssume b" ci3i# !ut$orities4 T$e" 0i## not be use 2or t$e
con2inement o2 -ersons c$!r/e or con3icte uner ci3i# Eurisiction4
@'A Tem-or!r" con2inement;etention 2!ci#ities c!n be e3e#o-e 2rom #oc!# 2eer!# 2!ci#ities -ro3ie
t$e" !re !!-t!b#e to t$e re1uirements o2 custo" !n contro#4 Suc$ 2!ci#ities s$ou# be est!b#is$e& i2
-ossib#e& 0it$in t$e !22ecte !re!B t$is 0i## conser3e time& tr!ns-ort!tion& !n escort -ersonne#4
+o0e3er& i2 no suit!b#e 2eer!# -ro-ert" is !3!i#!b#e 0it$in t$e !22ecte !re!& t$e" c!n be #oc!te
e#se0$ere on !n" -ro-ert" uner 2eer!# contro# !s #on/ !s t$e -ersons to be et!ine !re !--re$ene in
t$e !22ecte !re!4 .$ene3er suc$ tem-or!r" 2!ci#ities !re est!b#is$e urin/ ci3i# isturb!nce contro#
o-er!tions& t$e Arm" is res-onsib#e 2or -ro3iin/ t$ose -ersonne#& 2!ci#ities& !n su--#ies necess!r" 2or
t$e custo"& contro#& $e!#t$& com2ort& !n susten!nce o2 -ersons et!ine4
@?A O22icers !n 5e" NCOs s-eci2ic!##" tr!ine !n e:-erience in con2inement o-er!tions !re re1uire
to o-er!te suc$ 2!ci#ities4 6u!rs !n su--ort 2unction -ersonne# o-er!tin/ uner t$e irect contro# o2
suc$ o22icers !n NCOs nee not be s-eci2ic!##" tr!ine or e:-erience in con2inement o-er!tions !s
#on/ !s t$e" !re uner c#ose !n continuin/ su-er3ision o2 tr!ine res-onsib#e -ersonne#4 .$ene3er
2em!#es !re et!ine& t$e" must be $e# in -$"sic!##" se-!r!te etention 2!ci#ities !n uner t$e contro#
o2 se#ecte 2em!#e /u!rs o-er!tin/ uner t$e su-er3ision o2 tr!ine !n e:-erience con2inement
-ersonne#4
@5A Tem-or!r" etention 2!ci#ities s$ou# be constructe !n !rr!n/e to -ro3ie 2or !e1u!te custo"&
contro#& !n s!2et" o2 et!inees4 It is !3is!b#e to use e:istin/ -erm!nent*t"-e bui#in/s4 .$ere
su22icient -erm!nent structures !re not !3!i#!b#e& on#" t$!t !mount o2 ne0 construction re1uire 2or
tem-or!r" custo"& contro#& !n !ministr!tion o2 -risoners s$ou# be !ccom-#is$e4 Tem-or!r" 2ie#*
t"-e 2!ci#ities -ro3ie com-!rtments to !ssure e22ecti3e contro#4
@(A T$e s!me o-er!tion!# -roceures t$!t !--#" to t$e o-er!tion o2 inst!##!tion con2inement 2!ci#ities
!n tre!tment o2 et!inees !--#" to t$ese tem-or!r" 2!ci#ities e:ce-t t$!t t$ose -o#icies !n -roceures
est!b#is$in/ tr!inin/& em-#o"ment& m!i# !n corres-onence& !n !ministr!ti3e isci-#ine re1uirements
0i## not !--#"4 Det!i#e /ui!nce in -roceures 2or con2inement o2 et!inees is cont!ine in EP.
O-er!tions& %M '*1C4?04
/4 S-eci!# E1ui-ment4 Cert!in items o2 e1ui-ment !3!i#!b#e to mi#it!r" !n ci3i# -o#ice 2orces c!n o muc$
to #imit inEuries to ci3i#i!n !n mi#it!r" -ersonne# !n estruction o2 -ro-ert"4 T$ese items incre!se t$e
-s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ects o2 ! s$o0 o2 2orce !n o22er !ition!# -rotection !n 3ers!ti#it" to ci3i# isturb!nce
2orces urin/ t$e o-er!tions4
@1A T$e 1) /!/e s$ot/un is ! -u- !ction s$ot/un current#" in t$e non #et$!# c!-!bi#ities set @NLCSA
in3entor"4 T$e -um- !ction s$ot/un is c$!mbere to t!5e u- to '*inc$ s$e##s4 T$e '*inc$c$!mber
!##o0s 2or t$e use o2 M101) !n M101' NL munitions4 T$is s$ot/un !#so -ro3ies ! 3isu!##" istinct
!#tern!ti3e to st!n!r mi#it!r" 0e!-ons t$!t m!" be esire b!se on mission consier!tions4
@)A T$e s$ot/un& !s in t$e c!se o2 ot$er 2ire!rms use in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions& is 2ire on#" on t$e
orers o2 ! 1u!#i2ie su-erior o22icer 0$en #esser me!sures o2 2orce !re not e22ecti3e& or 0$en t$e
ini3iu!# So#ier $!s no ot$er me!ns o2 -rotectin/ $is #i2e4
@'A T$e M9 is ! ((*mi##imeter 3e$ic#e*mounte NL /ren!e*#!unc$in/ e3ice t$!t is mounte on !
+MM.V4 It is ! inirect 2ire su--ort s"stem t$!t c!n e#i3er t$e MCC b#unt tr!um! /ren!e t$!t cre!tes
! stin/*b!## e22ect4 T$e M'15 inst!##!tion 5it is use to inst!## !n M9 isc$!r/er on t$e turret rin/ o2
!--ro-ri!te +MM.V 3!ri!nts4 An !Eust!b#e br!c5et !##o0s t$e #!unc$ !n/#e to be e-resse 2or
en/!/in/ t!r/ets !t r!n/es o2 50& 95 !n 100 meters4 T$e s"stem en2orces st!no22 ist!nces !n eters
-otenti!# t$re!ts4
@?A T$e M101) is ! sin/#e -roEecti#e roun m!e o2 $!r rubber t$!t is s$!-e #i5e ! bomb#et !n
esi/ne to be 2ire !t ! sin/#e t!r/et4 .it$ t$e mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 500 2eet -er secon& t$e M101) !s
t$e e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 no c#oser t$!t 5 meters !n no 2urt$er t$!t '0 meters4 En/!/ement insie o2 5
meters cou# resu#t in serious boi#" inEur" or e!t$4 Be"on '0 meters t$e 5inetic issi-!tes to t$e
-oint 0$ere t$e roun becomes ine22ecti3e4
@5A T$e M101' is ! mu#ti-#e -roEecti#e roun 0it$ 4)' c!#iber $!r rubber -e##ets t$!t is esi/ne to be
2ire !t !n em-#o"e 0it$ t$e -ur-ose o2 !22ectin/ mu#ti-#e t!r/ets4 .it$ ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 C00 2eet
-er secon& t$e M101' $!s !n e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 no c#oser t$!n 5 meters !n no 2urt$er t$!t '0 meters4
En/!/ements o2 #ess t$!n 5 meter c!n resu#t in serious#" boi#" inEur" or e!t$4 Be"on '0 meters t$e
5inetic issi-!tes to t$e -oint 0$ere t$e roun becomes ine22ecti3e
@(A T$e misi>e riot contro# is-erser @M'9A is t$e si>e o2 ! st!n!r 2ire e:tin/uis$er t$!t uses
com-resse !ir to 2orce t$e RCA out to ! r!n/e o2 '0 2eet4 It $!s t$e c!-!cit" to em-#o" 1< burst o2
RCA into ! $osti#e cro0 0$i#e m!int!inin/ e:ce##ent st!no22 c!-!bi#ities4 T$e M'9 c!n be re2i##e
!n is rec$!r/e!b#e4 It c!n be re2i##e 0it$ CR so#ution @#i1ui !/entA or CS @r" !/entA4 %or t$e -ur-ort
o2 tr!inin/ t$e M'9 c!n be 2i##e 0it$ 0!ter !n CS c!n be substitute 0it$ t!#cum -o0er4
@9A T$e S1u! riot contro# !/ent is-erser @M''A1A is esi/ne to -ro3ie cro0 contro# !n -rotection
!t t$e s1u! #e3e#4 It is c!-!b#e o2 -roEectin/ ! b!##istic stre!m o2 RCAFs be"on )5 2eet in u- to )5 $!#2*
secons burst4 It consists o2 ! 2r!me !n $!rness !ssemb#"& com-resse*/!s c"#iner @!/ent cont!iner
!ssemb#"A !ir -ressure !ssemb#"& /un !n $ose !ssemb#"& mu#ti*Eet s-r!" unit& !n c$ec5 3!#3e !ssemb#"4
T$e M''A1 c!n be re2i##e !n is rec$!r/e!b#e4 %or tr!inin/ -ur-oses& CR c!n be substitute 0it$ 0!ter
!n CS !n be substitute 0it$ t!#cum -o0er4
@<A T$e !bo3e mention items !re but Eust ! 2e0 o2 t$e non #et$!# 0e!-ons !n munitions !3!i#!b#e to t$e
comm!ner !n unit to uti#i>e urin/ ! res-onse to t$e ci3i# isturb!nce& !n c!n be uti#i>e to tr!in !n
-re-!re So#iers4 Aition!# non #et$!# 0e!-ons !n munitions !s 0e## !s -rotecti3e /e!r c!n be 2oun
in %M '*1C4154
'4 Ve$ic#es4 Armore 3e$ic#es !n tr!ns-ort 3e$ic#es ! to t$e re!iness o2 t$e cro0 contro# 2orce4 T$e use
o2 t$ese 3e$ic#es incre!ses 2#e:ibi#it"& reuces troo- commitments& !n -ro3ies -rotection 2or -ersonne#4 In
consierin/ t$e use o2 3e$ic#es& $o0e3er& it must be remembere t$!t t$e" s$ou# be secure b" 2oot e#ements4
!4 Armore Securit" Ve$ic#es @ASVA c!n be use in se3er!# 0!"s to 5ee- t$e e22ects o2 ci3i# isturb!nces !t
! minimum4
@1A T$eir use !s ! consier!b#e -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect to riot contro# 2orm!tions 0$i#e -ro3iin/ !e
-rotection 2or So#iers4 T$e" -ro3ie ! re!i#" !ccessib#e b!rrier 2or So#iers to crouc$ be$in i2
necess!r"& !n e:ce##ent -rotection 2or t$ose insie4
@)A T$eir use !s mobi#e comm!n -osts o22ers t$e !e !3!nt!/es o2 securit"& communic!tion& !n
mobi#it"4
@'A T$e" !re 0e## !!-t!b#e to ro!b#oc5 o-er!tions -ro3iin/ t$e !3!nt!/es #iste !bo3e& 0$i#e !t t$e
s!me time -ro3iin/ !n e:ce##ent b!rrier4
@?A T$eir use 2or -!tro##in/ !n !re! o2 3io#ence !s to t$e -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect& !n !##o0s So#iers to
m!neu3er in c#ose to sni-ers in orer to m!5e !n !--re$ension4
b4 St!n!r mi#it!r" tr!ns-ort 3e$ic#es c!n be moi2ie 0it$ s!nb!/s& !rmor -#!tin/& 0ire screenin/& or
simi#!r m!teri!#s to /i3e some -rotection !/!inst sni-er 2ire !n t$ro0n obEects4 T$e" -ro3ie mobi#it" !n
communic!tion c!-!bi#it" 2or !re! co3er!/e4 So#iers s$ou# be e-#o"e 0it$ !m-#e 3e$ic#es to -ro3ie
su22icient 2#e:ibi#it" to $!n#e !## situ!tions in !n !re! o2 ci3i# isturb!nce4 TOE !##o0!nces s$ou#
-rob!b#" be incre!se 2or t$is -ur-ose4
'4 Ot$er E1ui-ment4 In !ition to t$e s-eci!# e1ui-ment iscusse !bo3e& cert!in ot$er items s$ou# be !3!i#!b#e
2or use in o-er!tions 0it$in t$e isturb!nce !re!4
!4 Armore 3ests !n -rotecti3e m!s5s !re re1uire 2or !nti*sni-in/ o-er!tions !n !t ot$er times 0$en
3io#ence is e:-ecte4 %#e:ibi#it" is !n im-ort!nt consier!tion4 %or e:!m-#e& t$e #imit!tion on 3isibi#it"
must be consiere 0$en re1uirin/ t$e use o2 -rotecti3e m!s5s& !n t$e #imit!tion on mobi#it" 0$en
0e!rin/ t$e !rmore 3ests4
b4 Success2u# conuct o2 t$e o3er!## o-er!tion m!" e-en on ot$er items4 Au:i#i!r" #i/$tin/ s$ou# be
!3!i#!b#e to inc#ue $!n*-ort!b#e #i/$ts& 3e$icu#!r*mounte se!rc$#i/$ts& s-ot#i/$ts& 2#oo*#i/$ts&
2#!s$#i/$ts& 2#!res @0it$ c!ution to0!r 2iresA& !n 3e$ic#e $e!#i/$ts4 Pre2!bric!te 0oo or met!# b!rriers&
or suit!b#e m!teri!#s& suc$ !s 0ire or ro-es& m!" be use to b#oc5 o22 !n !re!B si/ns s$ou# be -ro3ie to
su--#ement t$ese b!rriers4 E3ience e1ui-ment& inc#uin/ mo3ie !n sti## c!mer!s 0it$ te#esco-ic #enses&
!n recorin/ e3ices s$ou# be obt!ine !n -#!ce into -osition4
c4 Ot$er items o2 e1ui-ment s$ou# !#so be -ro3ie4 +e#ico-ters s$ou# be use 2or obser3!tion&
communic!tion re#!"& i##umin!tion& resu--#"& reser3e is-#!cement& !n numerous ot$er t!s5s4 Ae1u!te
2ire2i/$tin/ !n 2ire -rotection e1ui-ment !re 3it!# in ci3i# isturb!nce4
4 Pro3isions s$ou# be m!e 2or !--ro-ri!te communic!tions e1ui-ment 2or use !t t$e scene !n bet0een
t$e scene !n t$e o-er!tions $e!1u!rters4 E3er" !3!i#!b#e me!ns o2 communic!tions to inc#ue -ub#ic
!ress s"stems**bot$ $!n*-ort!b#e !n 3e$ic#e*mounte**s$ou# be use4
PART E * O-er!tion!# T!s5s
14 6ener!#4 In !n" ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tion& cert!in t!s5s must be !ccom-#is$e to re!c$ t$e u#tim!te
obEecti3e o2 restorin/ !n m!int!inin/ #!0 !n orer4 To o t$is& !ction must be t!5en to /!in contro# o2 t$e
situ!tion4 Contro# 2orces must -er2orm cert!in t!s5s t$!t 0i## e3e#o- ! -$"sic!# !n -s"c$o#o/ic!# en3ironment
0$ic$ 0i## -ermit #!0 en2orcement -ersonne# to en2orce t$e #!0 !n m!int!in orer4 T$e im-ort!nce o2 $!3in/
! $i/$ e/ree o2 2#e:ibi#it" !n se#ecti3e#" in t$e res-onse c!nnot be o3erem-$!si>e4 It is Eust !s im-ort!nt t$!t
t$e t!s5s se#ecte be com-#ete on#" !2ter ! c!re2u# e3!#u!tion o2 t$e situ!tion4 T$is e3!#u!tion must consier
t$e -!rticu#!r uni1ueness o2 t$e situ!tion4 In t$is res-ect& t$e comm!ner se#ects t$ose t!s5s t$!t !re most #i5e#"
to reuce t$e intensit" o2 t$e /i3en situ!tion4 T$ere2ore& not !## t!s5s 0i## !--#" in !## situ!tions& but contro#
2orce comm!ners !n unit #e!ers must ienti2" t$ose t!s5s 0$ic$ must be -er2orme !n t$en e3e#o- -#!ns
!n -roceures 2or t$eir !ccom-#is$ment4 T$e o-er!tion!# !n inte/r!te t!s5s #iste be#o0 !re iscusse in
et!i# in t$e -!r!/r!-$s !n #essons to 2o##o04
!4 O-er!tion!# T!s5s4
@1A Iso#!te t$e !re!4
@)A Secure #i5e#" t!r/ets4
@'A Contro# cro0s or mobs4
@?A Est!b#is$ !re! contro#4
@5A Neutr!#i>e s-eci!# t$re!ts4
b4 Inte/r!te T!s5s4
@1A 6!t$er& recor& !n re-ort in2orm!tion4
@)A A--re$en 3io#!tors4
@'A M!int!in communic!tions4
@?A M!int!in mobi#e reser3es4
@5A In2orm t$e -ub#ic4
@(A Protect t$e 2ire ser3ice o-er!tions4
@9A Process et!ine -ersonne#4
)4 Iso#!te t$e Are!4
!4 T$is t!s5 inc#ues t$e restriction !n se!#in/ o22 o2 t$e isturbe !re!4 T$e obEecti3es o2 se!#in/ o22 t$e
isturbe !re! !re to -re3ent t$e isorer 2rom s-re!in/ to un!22ecte !re!s& to -re3ent esc!-e o2 -ersons
bent on e:-!nin/ t$e isturb!nce& to s-ee u- t$e e:it o2 t$e unin3o#3e& !n to e:c#ue un!ut$ori>e
-ersonne# 2rom enterin/ t$e !22ecte !re!4 In orer to -re3ent t$e isturb!nce 2rom e:-!nin/ in si>e !n
stren/t$& it is critic!# to -re3ent t$e in2#o0 o2 e:tr! emonstr!tors or curious on#oo5ers into t$e isturbe
!re!4
b4 .$en mi#it!r" 2orces !re committe to $e#-in/ t$e ci3i# !ut$orities in contro##in/ ci3i# isturb!nces& t$e
situ!tion 0i## be be"on t$e c!-!bi#it" o2 #oc!# #!0 en2orcement !/encies !n ! scene o2 m!Eor isorer
s$ou# be e:-ecte4 T$is isorer m!" be c$!r!cteri>e b" sm!##& is-erse /rou-s 0$ic$ !re #ootin/&
burnin/& !n /ener!##" c!usin/ $!3oc in t$e !re!& or it m!" be c$!r!cteri>e b" #!r/e /rou-s -!rtici-!tin/ in
3!r"in/ e/rees o2 i##e/!# conuct4 T$e initi!# !ction t!5en b" mi#it!r" 2orces to contro# t$e isorer is
critic!# !n s$ou# inc#ue t$e immei!te iso#!tion o2 t$e isturbe !re!4
c4 T$e initi!# commitment o2 contro# 2orce -ersonne# m!" be re1uire to c#e!r ! bui#in/ or !n !re! in orer
to iso#!te t$e -ersons cre!tin/ t$e isturb!nce 2rom t$ose not "et moti3!te or !cti3e#" in3o#3e4 T$e
-rim!r" em-$!sis s$ou# be on ienti2"in/ 0$!t !re! !n 0$o $!s to be iso#!te4
'4 Iso#!te Tec$ni1ues4 T$ere !re se3er!# tec$ni1ues to use 0$en iso#!tin/ ! isturbe !re!4
!4 B!rric!es !n Ro!b#oc5s4 B!rric!es !n ro!b#oc5s !re -$"sic!# b!rriers 0$ic$ en" or #imit entr"
into !n e:it 2rom t$e isturbe !re!4 T$e" c!n be use to tot!##" en" -!ss!/e o2 -eo-#e !n 3e$ic#es or to
-ermit cert!in esi/n!te c!te/ories o2 -ersons !n 3e$ic#es to -!ss4 T$e" must be -ositione so !s to
-re3ent t$eir bein/ b"-!sse& surroune& or cut o22 2rom su--ort4 In m!n" c!ses& it m!" be im-r!ctic!# to
-$"sic!##" se!# !n !re! ue to t$e -$"sic!# !n /eo/r!-$ic!# consier!tions& suc$ !s in t$e c!se o2 ! co##e/e
c!m-us or ! suburb!n !re!4
b4 B!rric!es A/!inst Personne#4 Ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions contin/enc" -#!nnin/ s$ou# -ro3ie 2or t$e
!3!i#!bi#it" o2 -ort!b#e b!rric!es 0$ic$ s#o0 o0n t$e -!ss!/e o2 -ersonne#4 Concertin! 0ire is ! suit!b#e
m!teri!# 2or r!-i construction !n e22ecti3eness& !#t$ou/$ 0ooen s!0$orses& ro-es& !n ot$er 2ie#
e:-eient e3ices m!" su22ice4 Concertin! 0ire s$ou# be use s-!rin/#" !n on#" uner serious
circumst!nces !s it is inic!ti3e o2 3io#ent isorers4
c4 Ro!b#oc5s A/!inst Ve$ic#es4 T$e erection o2 e22ecti3e ro!b#oc5s 0$ic$ c!nnot be e!si#" bre!c$e b"
3e$ic#es re1uires #!r/e& $e!3" construction m!teri!#s4 One item t$!t c!n be stoc5-i#e in !3!nce is 55*
/!##on rums to be 2i##e 0it$ 0!ter or e!rt$ on site4 Ot$er m!teri!#s inc#ue s!nb!/s& e!rt$0or5s& trees& or
$e!3" 3e$ic#es4 Se3er!# ro!b#oc5s -#!ce !t inter3!#s o2 )5 to 50 2eet -ro3ie su22icient e-t$ to -re3ent
bre!c$es b" $e!3" or $i/$*s-ee 3e$ic#es4
4 Construction Consier!tions4 T$e construction o2 b!rric!es !n ro!b#oc5s s$ou# -ro3ie co3er 2rom
sm!## !rms 2ire 0$ere t$is t$re!t is #i5e#"4 Pro3isions s$ou# be 2or ni/$t i##umin!tion o2 !--ro!c$es to t$e
-ositionB $o0e3er& c!re must be t!5en not to si#$ouette t$e -ersonne# m!nnin/ it4 Construction m!teri!#s
0$ic$ 0ou# c$i- or s$!tter u-on im-!ct b" t$ro0n obEects s$ou# be co3ere 0it$ c!n3!s or s!nb!/s to
-re3ent inEuries 2rom 2#"in/ 2r!/ments4 .!rnin/ si/ns s$ou# be -#!ce in 2ront o2 t$e -osition irectin/
!ut$ori>e -ersonne# not to !--ro!c$ t$e -osition4 One tec$ni1ue o2 -ro3iin/ ! 1uic5#" erecte b!rrier is
t$e use o2 3e$ic#es -!r5e bum-er to bum-erB $o0e3er& t$is -roceure m!" subEect t$e 3e$ic#es to !m!/e
b" ! $osti#e cro04 Anot$er e3ice 0$ic$ m!" be e22ecti3e#" use bot$ !s ! b!rric!e !n ! -!rt o2 !
2orm!tion is t$e use o2 ! #oc!##" bui#t 2r!me o2 0oo or met!# 0it$ 0ire co3erin/4
e4 Perimeter P!tro#s4 Perimeter -!tro#s s$ou# be est!b#is$e to -re3ent entr" or e:it 2rom t$e isturbe
!re!& -!rticu#!r#" b" -ersons or /rou-s tr"in/ to b"-!ss b!rric!es !n ro!b#oc5s4 T$ese -!tro#s o-er!te
!#on/ t$e outer o-er!tion!# boun!r" o2 t$e isturbe !re!4 Perimeter -!tro#s c!n be inte/r!te 0it$ !re!
-!tro# routes 0it$in t$e isturbe !re!4
24 P!ss !n Ienti2ic!tion S"stems4 Unit& inst!##!tion& or munici-!# contin/enc" -#!nnin/ s$ou# inc#ue !
-!ss !n ienti2ic!tion s"stem -ro3iin/ 2or t$e entr" !n e:it o2 !ut$ori>e -ersonne# to !n 2rom t$e
iso#!te !re!4 Proceures s$ou# be est!b#is$e 2or -ress -ersonne#& emer/enc" meic!# -ersonne#& -ub#ic
uti#it" 0or5 cre0s& !n 2or !n" ot$er -ersonne# 0$o $!3e ! #e/itim!te -ur-ose 2or enterin/ !n e:itin/ t$e
iso#!te !re!4 Consier!tion must be /i3en to t$ose -ersons resiin/ 0it$in t$e isturbe !re! 0$o must
tr!3e# to !n 2rom 0or54 An e22ecti3e -!ss !n ienti2ic!tion s"stem re1uires c!re2u# !n et!i#e -#!nnin/
!s ! contin/enc" me!sure4
/4 Pub#ic Uti#it" Contro#4 Ensure t$!t ci3i# !ut$orities $!3e est!b#is$e ! me!ns 2or contro##in/ -ub#ic
uti#ities to inc#ue street #i/$ts& /!s& e#ectric& 0!ter& !n te#e-$one ser3ices so t$!t t$e" m!" be turne on or
o22 to su--ort t$e t!ctics em-#o"e b" t$e contro# 2orces4
?4 Secure Li5e#" T!r/ets4
!4 6ener!#4 Cert!in bui#in/s& uti#ities& !n ser3ices !re critic!# to t$e economic !n -$"sic!# 0e##*bein/ o2
! communit" !n re1uire securit" to -re3ent isru-tion o2 essenti!# 2unctions4 In !ition& cert!in 2!ci#ities
!n bui#in/s $!3e become s"mbo#ic t!r/ets to r!ic!# or e:tremist e#ements !n s$ou# be ienti2ie !n
!22ore -rotection 0it$ t$e -riorities est!b#is$e4 Amon/ t$e #i5e#" t!r/ets to be !tt!c5e !re contro# 2orce
comm!n -osts& bi##etin/ !re!s& !n motor -!r5s4 Anot$er -otenti!# -rob#em in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions
is t$e t$re!t -ose b" issient e#ements intent on oin/ boi#" $!rm to contro# 2orce -ersonne# !n ci3i#i!n
i/nit!ries in t$e isturbe !re!4 .$en suc$ t$re!ts e:ist& mi#it!r" -ersonne# m!" $!3e to be committe to
securit" o-er!tions4 In -!rticu#!r& securit" must be -#!ce on !rmories& !rsen!#s& $!r0!re& !n s-ortin/
/oo stores& -!0ns$o-s& !n /unsmit$ est!b#is$ments& or ot$er -#!ces 0$ere 0e!-ons or !mmunition !re
store4 To conser3e m!n-o0er& consier!tion m!" be /i3en to e3!cu!tin/ sensiti3e items& suc$ !s 0e!-ons
2rom stores !n storin/ t$em in ! centr!# 2!ci#it"4 Priorities 2or -$"sic!# securit" must be est!b#is$e to
-re3ent 0!ste o2 !3!i#!b#e 2orces on #ess im-ort!nt 2!ci#ities or t$ose 0$ic$ $!3e t$eir o0n -$"sic!# securit"
2orces4 T$e e/ree o2 securit" necess!r" to -rotect 3!rious bui#in/s !n uti#ities is etermine b"
consierin/ t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A T$e im-ort!nce o2 t$e 2!ci#it" to t$e o3er!## 0e##*bein/ o2 t$e inst!##!tion or communit"4 E:!m-#es
o2 t$is consier!tion inc#ue t$e #oss o2 0!ter or e#ectric!# -o0er 0$ic$ 0ou# en!n/er t$e $e!#t$ o2 t$e
communit"& t$e estruction o2 /o3ernment bui#in/s 0$ic$ 0ou# isru-t t$e 2unctionin/ o2
/o3ernment& !n issient c!-ture o2 communic!tions mei! 0$ic$ 0ou# -ro3ie ! -s"c$o#o/ic!#
!3!nt!/e 2or 2urt$er s-re! o2 t$e isorer4
@)A T$e 3u#ner!bi#it" o2 t$e 2!ci#it" to !cts o2 3io#ence4 P#!nnin/ s$ou# estim!te t$e -ossib#e e/ree o2
ris5 e:-ecte urin/ ! ci3i# isturb!nce b!se on t$e 2!ci#it"Fs -$"sic!# #!"out& t"-e construction& !n
e:istin/ -rotecti3e me!sures4
@'A T$e intent !n c!-!bi#it" o2 t$e emonstr!tors4 T$is consier!tion is !n !n!#"sis o2 t$e estructi3e
intent !n c!-!bi#it" o2 issient e#ements4 T$is inc#ues eterminin/ #i5e#" t!r/ets !n t$e e/ree o2
3io#ence suc$ !cti3it" 0i## #i5e#" ent!i#4
b4 Securit" Tec$ni1ues4 T$e tec$ni1ues 2or securin/ #i5e#" t!r/ets consists o2 -ro3iin/ -$"sic!# contro#&
t$e -roceures 2or 0$ic$ c!n be 2oun in %M 1C*'0& P$"sic!# Securit"4 Mi#it!r" 2orces !re ie!##"
or/!ni>e !n e1ui--e to -er2orm t$is t!s5B securit" o2 /o3ernment bui#in/s !n -ub#ic uti#it" 2!ci#ities is
! norm!# mission 2or mi#it!r" 2orces in most t"-es o2 ci3i# isturb!nces4 T$is re#e!ses ci3i# -o#ice to o-er!te
0it$in t$e isturbe !re! in t$eir #!0 en2orcement c!-!cit"4 Securit" tec$ni1ues use to 2u#2i## t$is t!s5 2!##
into t0o bro! c!te/ories !s iscusse be#o04
@1A Use o2 Personne#4 T$is c!te/or" inc#ues em-#o"ment o2 sentine#s& 0!#5in/ /u!rs& !n
c$ec5-oints4 Mi#it!r" -ersonne# use in t$is m!nner s$ou# be committe Eoint#" 0it$ e:istin/ /u!r
2orces 2rom t$e -rotecte 2!ci#it" or !/enc"4 Consier!tion s$ou# be /i3en to t$e -ossibi#it" o2
incre!sin/ e:istin/ /u!r 2orces c!-!bi#it" 0it$ !ition!# e1ui-ment4 .$en m!nnin/ 2i:e securit"
-osts& /u!r te!ms must be o2 su22icient si>e to 2u#2i## t$eir mission !n -rotect t$emse#3es unti# $e#-
!rri3esB $o0e3er& !3!i#!bi#it" o2 reser3e 2orces in #ieu o2 st!tion!r" /u!rs s$ou# be consiere in !n
e22ect to conser3e /u!r 2orces4
@)A Use o2 M!teri!#4 T$is c!te/or" inc#ues use o2 -erimeter b!rriers& -rotecti3e #i/$tin/ !n !#!rm
s"stems& !n intrusion etection e3ices4 T$ese !re esi/ne to eter !n etect intruers !n;or to s#o0
o0n !ccess to ! 2!ci#it" b" un!ut$ori>e -ersonne#4 V!rious me!sures o2 t$is t"-e m!" or m!" not be
in e22ect !t t$e time o2 t$e ci3i# isturb!nce4 Mi#it!r" emer/enc" -#!nnin/ s$ou# !ntici-!te t$e
re1uirement 2or t$e 1uic5 em-#o"ment o2 !ition!# -$"sic!# securit" me!sures4
54 Bui#in/;Are! Se!rc$es4
!4 6ener!#4 T$e conuct o2 ! bui#in/;!re! se!rc$ c!n be ! $!r !n !n/erous o-er!tion& es-eci!##" 0$en
se!rc$in/ 2or ! sni-er4 .$ene3er -ossib#e& se!rc$es s$ou# be -er2orme b" ! s-eci!# re!ction te!m 0$ic$
$!s been tr!ine !n e1ui--e 2or suc$ !n o-er!tion4
b4 T$e comm!n e#ement o2 t$e te!m s$ou# est!b#is$ ! centr!# #oc!tion 2or coorin!tion o2 !## e#ements4
Communic!tions s$ou# be est!b#is$e !n m!int!ine 0it$ t$e 2orce securin/ t$e !re! !n 0it$
obser3!tion -osts4
c4 De-#o"ment o2 Securit" E#ement4 T$e securit" e#ement s$ou# be -ositione on t$e immei!te -erimeter
o2 t$e !re! or bui#in/ to obser3e !n" !cti3it" !n !## e:ists4 T$e securit" e#ement s$ou# !#so est!b#is$ !
-re2erre route o2 entr" in to t$e bui#in/ or !re!4
4 Pre-!r!tion 2or t$e !ction e#ement -rior to t$eir entr" into t$e !re! or bui#in/ s$ou# inc#ue t$e
2o##o0in/,
@1A A brie2in/ on t$e !re! o2 bui#in/ t$rou/$ t$e use o2 m!-s& r!0in/s& !n 5no0#e/e!b#e resients4
@)A E1ui-ment !n communic!tions c$ec5s4
@'A T$e issu!nce o2 !n o-er!tions orer4
e4 Commit t$e Action E#ement to t$e Are! or Bui#in/4 .$en committin/ t$e !ction e#ement to !n o-en
!re!& cro0 contro# !/ents s$ou# be use to s!tur!te t$e !re! -rior to entr"4 T$e !ction e#ement s$ou#
enter t$e !re! on one sie o2 t$e -erimeter est!b#is$e b" t$e co3er e#ement !n t$en -rocee t$rou/$ t$e
!re! to0!rs t$e ot$er sie o2 t$e -erimeter4 .$en committin/ t$e !ction e#ement to ! bui#in/& t$e
2o##o0in/ met$os o2 entr" c!n be uti#i>e4
@1A Enter !t t$e to- 0$en -ossib#e4
@)A I2 entr" !t t$e bottom is necess!r"& !n !rmore -ersonne# c!rrier s$ou# be use4
24 .$ene3er ! se!rc$ is conucte& 0$et$er o2 ! bui#in/ or !n !re!& it must be one s"stemic!##"4
@1A In !n o-en !re!& t$e !ction e#ement s$ou# m!neu3er !n se!rc$ uner t$e -rotection o2 co3er& 2irin/
on#" 0$en necess!r" to -rotect #i2e !n -ro-ert"4 Eit$er t$e securit" or !ction e#ement m!" use cro0
contro# !/ents to !i t$e !3!nce o2 t$e !ction e#ement4 T$e securit" e#ement on t$e o--osite sie s$ou#
rem!in in -osition !s t$e noose c#oses4 T$e -ur-ose $ere is to 2orce t$e sni-er or ot$er issients to
0it$r!0 m!5in/ t$emse#3es 3u#ner!b#e to c!-ture b" t$e securit" e#ement4 T$e tec$ni1ues use 2or
neutr!#i>in/ issients;sni-ers in !n o-en !re! 0i## re1uire c#ose coorin!tion !n communic!tion
bet0een !## e#ements in3o#3e4
@)A In !n !--!rent unoccu-ie bui#in/ t$e mi#it!r" 0or5in/ o/ @M.DA s$ou# be use 0$ene3er
-ossib#e4 A 0e##*tr!ine M.D 0it$ its $i/$#" e3e#o-e sense o2 sme## c!n -in-oint t$e #oc!tion o2 !
issient;sni-er 1uic5#" !n 0it$ ! minimum o2 ris5 to members o2 t$e se!rc$ 2orce4 .$en t$e M.D is
not !3!i#!b#e& e!c$ room s$ou# be se!rc$e b" !t #e!st ! t0o*m!n te!m4 One m!" t$ro0 ! cro0
contro# !/ent /ren!e in& 0!it 2or it to isc$!r/e& t$en enter 1uic5#" !n -#!ce $is b!c5 !/!inst t$e
ne!rest 0!##4 T$e secon -erson 2o##o0s !n se!rc$es t$e room in et!i#4 I2 !3!i#!b#e& ! t$ir -erson
rem!ins in t$e corrior to ensure t$!t t$e sus-ect oes not mo3e 2rom room to room 0$i#e t$e t0o ot$ers
!re conuctin/ t$eir se!rc$4 T$e !ction e#ement #e!er s$ou# be 5e-t in2orme o2 t$e te!mFs -ro/ress4
.$en usin/ riot contro# !/ents to $e#- in t$e c#e!rin/ o2 ! bui#in/& /ren!es o2 t$e non*burnin/ t"-e
s$ou# be use to !3oi t$e -ossibi#it" o2 2ire4
@'A In !n occu-ie bui#in/& 0$en t$e issientFs;sni-erFs #oc!tion is un5no0n& !## sus-ecte rooms
must be se!rc$e4 T$e !ction e#ement s$ou# tr" to $!3e occu-!nts submit 3o#unt!ri#" to t$e se!rc$ o2
t$eir rooms4 At t$e s!me time& occu-!nts s$ou# be 1uestione in !n !ttem-t to -in-oint t$e sni-erFs
#oc!tion4 I2 occu-!nts 0i## not submit 3o#unt!ri#" !n t$ere is -rob!b#e c!use to be#ie3e t$!t t$e
issient; sni-er is #oc!te in t$e room& ! com-#ete -$"sic!# se!rc$ o2 t$e room or rooms s$ou# be
conucte4 Use o2 t$e -!tro# o/ 0i## $e#- in conuctin/ suc$ se!rc$es4
@?A In ! bui#in/ occu-ie or not& 0$ere t$e issientFs; sni-erFs #oc!tion is 5no0n& t$e !ction e#ement
s$ou# -rocee irect#" to t$e immei!te !re! o2 t$!t #oc!tion4 I2 t$e issient;sni-er re2uses to e:it
3o#unt!ri#"& cro0 contro# !/ent /ren!es s$ou# be t$ro0n or -roEecte into t$e room 2rom t$e outsie
b" t$e securit" 2orces4 I2 t$is is not -r!ctic!#& t$e oor s$ou# be o-ene or bro5en o0n !n cro0
contro# !/ent /ren!es t$ro0n into t$e room4 I2 cro0 contro# !/ents c!nnot be use& t$e -!tro# o/ in
$is !tt!c5 ro#e c!n !/!in be e22ecti3e#" use in subuin/ !n c!-turin/ t$e issient;sni-er 0it$ !
minimum o2 ris5 to t$e se!rc$ e#ement4
SUMMARY
Durin/ t$e course o2 t$is #esson "ou $!3e #e!rne t$!t i2 "our -ersonne# !re not tr!ine or !e1u!te -#!ns $!3e
not been m!e& "our contro# 2orces c!nnot be re#ie u-on to re!ct -ro-er#"4 Ci3i# isturb!nces c!nnot be
-reicte !s to t$e e:!ct time or -#!ce t$e" 0i## occur& but& "ou c!n !ssist t$e comm!ner 0it$ t$e -#!nnin/
consier!tions necess!r" to m!n!/e !n e22ecti3e#" contro# t$ese isorers4
Lesson 1 Test
The following questions are multiple choices and/or true/false. You are to select the one that is correct. Show your
choice by CIRCLI! the letter beside the correct choice directly up the page. This is a self"graded lesson e#ercise. $o
not loo% up the correct answer from the lesson solution sheet until you ha&e finished. To do so will endanger your ability
to learn this material. 'lso( your final e#amination score will tend to be lower than if you had not followed this
recommendation.
1. )hen de&eloping plans for use of *ilitary +orces in a ci&il $isturbance role( which of the following IS ,T an
operational consideration-
'. .sychological influences.
/. *ass.
C. 0conomy of force.
$. *aneu&er.
1. ' military unit preparing for Ci3i# Disturb!nce missions -!sses t$rou/$ t0o general phases. These phases are1
A. Logistical and alert.
B. 'lert and operational.
C. .lanning/training and alert.
D. .lanning/training and operational.
1. )hen selecting bi&ouac or billeting for the Soldiers during a ci&il disorder( which of the following should be
considered-
A. They should be located far away from the disturbed areas to minimi2e the stress placed on the demonstrators.
/. ,nly one route to and from the disturbed area is necessary.
C. Communications facilities should be restricted to a&oid rumors which could be pic%ed up by the media.
$. 3se federal( state( or public property in order to pre&ent e#cessi&e claims for property damages.
1. )hen in&ol&ed in indi&idual training( the Soldier should be sub4ected to1
A. 0#cessi&e crowd noise.
B. 5uiet demonstrators.
C. /rutality.
D. Impersonality.
1. )hen military personnel apprehend a suspect during a ci&il disturbance( any questions should be limited to1
A. 5uestions pertaining to the incident.
/. 5uestions about other demonstrators.
C. 5uestions about future demonstrations.
D. 5uestions about their identification.
1. +or proper de&elopment of decentrali2ed control( clearly defined duties should be assigned to the lowest possible
le&el.
A. True.
/. +alse.
2. The mission of military forces during ci&il disturbances( both in C,3S and ,C,3S( which cannot be o&erly
emphasi2ed( is to help local and state authorities to restore and maintain law and order.
'. True.
/. +alse.
1. ,fficers and %ey C,s specifically trained and e#perienced in confinement operations are not required to operate
temporary detention facilities.
'. True.
/. +alse
6. )hat two items can be utili2ed with the shotgun-
'. *7 88"millimeter pro4ectile with *9:; installation %it.
/. *:<:= single pro4ectile and *:<:9 multiple pro4ectile.
C. *99':and *97 riot control dispenser.
$. >< millimeter pro4ectile with *77> installation %it.

:<. )ho retains the appro&al for federal support to ci&il authorities in&ol&ing the use of $,$ forces( personnel and
equipment-
'. $irector of *ilitary Support
/. $efense Coordinating ,fficer
C. Secretary of $efense
$. State Coordinating ,fficer
0?0RCIS0 S,L3TI,S
'S)0R @0Y '$ +00$/'C@
Item Correct 'nswer and +eedbac%
:. '. .sychological influences. Apage :":BC
=. C. .lanning/training and alert. Apage :">C
9. $. 3se federal( state( or public property in order to... Apage :":<C
>. '. 0#cessi&e noise. Apage :":;C
;. $. *a%e identification inquires. Apage :"=>C
8. '. True. Apage :"8C
7. '. True. Apage :">C
B. /. +alse. Apage :"=;C
6. / *:<:= single pro4ectile and *:<:9 multiple pro4ectile Apage :"=;C
:<. C The Secretary of $efense. Apage :":>C

LESSON )
CRO.D CONTROL TEC+NIJUES
OVERVIE.
LESSON DESCRIPTION,
In t$is #esson "ou 0i## #e!rn to use cro0 contro# tec$ni1ues !n su-er3ise immei!te !ction to be t!5en u-on
cont!ct 0it$ !n e:-#osi3e e3ice4
TERMINAL LEARNIN6 OB7ECTIVE,
ACTION, Use cro0 contro# tec$ni1ues !n re!ct to ! e:-#osi3e e3ice4
CONDITION, 8ou 0i## $!3e t$is subcourse4
STANDARD, To emonstr!te com-etenc" o2 t$is t!s5& "ou must !c$ie3e ! score o2 90 -ercent on t$e
subcourse e:!min!tion4
RE%ERENCES, T$e m!teri!# cont!ine in t$is #esson 0!s eri3e 2rom t$e 2o##o0in/ -ub#ic!tion, %M '*1C415B
%M '*1C410B %M '*1C4?4
INTRODUCTION
Con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions 0i## re1uire contro# 2orces 0$ic$ c!n e22ecti3e#" con2ront ! 3!riet" o2
cro0s !n mobs4 %!st& e22ecti3e cro0 contro# is 3it!# in e3er" t"-e o2 ci3i# isturb!nce4 O2 e1u!# im-ort!nce
is t$e m!inten!nce o2 cro0 contro# once orer $!s been est!b#is$e4
PART A * CRO.D CONTROL
14 Contro#4
!4 M!nner o2 Contro#4 A suit!b#e m!nner o2 contro##in/ 3!rious t"-es o2 cro0s 0i## be in2#uence b"
m!n" 3!ri!b#es4 T$ese inc#ue,
@1A T$e current stren/t$ #e3e# o2 t$e ci3i# isturb!nce4
@)A Pub#ic o-inion4
@'A Current -o#icies4
@?A Cro0 moo& intent& com-osition& !n !cti3it"4
@5A C!-!bi#ities !n re!iness o2 contro# 2orces4
@(A Immei!te !n #on/*r!n/e bene2its o2 contro# 2orce !ction4
@9A .e!t$er& terr!in& !n time o2 !"4
b4 Cro0 Contro# O-tions4 In to!" -e!ce 5ee-in/ !n -e!ce en2orcement en3ironment t$e use o2 2ire!rms
m!" not $e t$e 3i!b#e so#ution 0$en US mi#it!r" 2orces !re 2!ce 0it$ se-!r!tin/ t0o be##i/erent& $osti#e
et$nic /rou-s or -re3entin/ t$e s-re! o2 ci3i# unrest4 Cro0 contro# o-tions !re o2ten combine4
Consier!tion o2 t$e 3!ri!b#es #iste !bo3e 0i## s$o0 t$e contro# 2orce comm!ner t$e /ener!# n!ture o2 t$e
most suit!b#e m!nner o2 contro##in/ ! -!rticu#!r cro04 %our cro0 contro# o-tions !re !3!i#!b#e to t$e
comm!ner& b!se on $is obEecti3e 0it$ ! -!rticu#!r cro04 T$ese o-tions !re !3!i#!b#e to -ro3ie t$e
comm!ner t$e 2#e:ibi#it" o2 !ction4 In orer to !3!nce t$is 2#e:ibi#it"& t$ere !re numerous tec$ni1ues
!3!i#!b#e 2rom 0$ic$ t$e comm!ner m!" se#ect !n em-#o" in 3!rious combin!tions4 T$e comm!ner $!s
t$e c!-!bi#it" o2 se#ecti3e#" t!i#orin/ $is res-onse 2or 0$!te3er cro0 situ!tion 0it$ 0$ic$ $e is con2ronte4
A -rime consier!tion in se#ectin/ !n o-tion or o-tions 0i## be t$e e22ect o2 t$e res-onse on reucin/ t$e
stren/t$ o2 t$e e:istin/ situ!tion4 T$e 2our cro0 contro# o-tions !re #iste be#o04
@1A Monitorin/4 T$is o-tion consists o2 0!tc$in/ t$e cro0Fs -ro/ress !n e3e#o-ment b" contro#
2orce te!ms4 Monitorin/ $e#-s t$e comm!ner to /!u/e t$e cro0Fs !cti3it" !n intent in re#!tion to t$e
#!r/er ci3i# isturb!nce !n -ossib#" to in2#uence t$e cro0 t$rou/$ -ersu!si3e me!ns4 Monitorin/ is !
continuous t!s5 t$!t 0i## #!st t$rou/$ out t$e ur!tion o2 t$e emonstr!tion& !n c!n -ro3ie t$e
comm!ner 0it$ 3it!# in2orm!tion t$!t 0ou# $e#- e2use ! situ!tion !n -re3ent it 2rom esc!#!tin/
be"on 0$!t it s$ou# $!3e or c!use ! res-onse to be in!e1u!te b!se on t$e situ!tion4
T$e comm!ner m!" t!s5 obser3!tion te!m to monitor cro0 !cti3ities to /!t$er in2orm!tion4
T$e" re-ort on t$e si>e& #oc!tion& moo& !n e3e#o-in/ situ!tions4 T$e obser3!tion te!m c!n consist o2
! m!r5sm!n& ! r!io o-er!tor& !n !n obser3er 0it$ binocu#!rs4 T$e te!m must -ro3ie time#"
in2orm!tion b!c5 to t$e comm!ner so $e m!" in2#uence t$e out come o2 ! situ!tions 0it$ sim-#e
ne/!tions4 Monitorin/ is -!rticu#!r#" suit!b#e 2or #!r/e& non3io#ent emonstr!tions 0$ere more ecisi3e
!ction is not -ossib#e bec!use o2 cro0 si>e or 0$ere t$e stren/t$ o2 t$e situ!tion 0ou# incre!se4 T$is
o-tion is !#so suit!b#e !s ! tem-or!r" me!sure -enin/ t$e !rri3!# o2 !ition!# contro# 2orces4
Tec$ni1ues 2or 2u#2i##in/ t$is o-tion inc#ue -!ssi3e obser3!tion o2 t$e cro0 !n t$e communic!tion o2
interest !n intent to #e!ers4
@)A Dis-erse4 T$is o-tion consists o2 !ction t!5en to 2r!/ment ! cro0 !n is es-eci!##" !--#ic!b#e to
sm!## cro0 situ!tions in ! con/este urb!n en3ironment4 Its se#ection s$ou# inc#ue t$e consier!tion
t$!t suc$ is-ersion m!" incre!se !n s-re! #!0#essness r!t$er t$!n reuce it4 T$ere2ore& t$e
comm!ner s$ou# est!b#is$ contro# o3er t$e routes o2 is-ers!#& !n !re! or !re!s into 0$ic$ $e -#!ns to
is-erse t$e cro0B -ro3ie securit" 2or t$ose 2!ci#ities 0$ic$ mi/$t become #i5e#" t!r/ets 2or sm!##
/rou-sB !n be -re-!re to 2o##o0 u- t$e is-ers!# o-er!tion 0it$ t$e !--re$ension o2 sm!## /rou-s sti##
!cti3e in t$e !re!4 Tec$ni1ues 2or 2u#2i##in/ t$is o-tion 0ou# inc#ue t$e -roc#!m!tion& s$o0 o2 2orce&
use o2 cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& !n use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents4
@'A Cont!inin/4 T$is o-tion consists o2 restr!inin/ ! #!r/e number o2 -ersons 0it$in t$e !re! t$!t t$e"
!re -resent#" occu-"in/& t$ereb" cont!inin/ !n" 2urt$er !//ressi3e !cti3it"4 T$is o-tion 0ou# be
suit!b#e in ! co##e/e c!m-us situ!tion& to -re3ent emonstr!tions 2rom s-re!in/ out to surrounin/
communities& !n to -re3ent un!ut$ori>e -ersonne# 2rom enterin/ t$e c!m-us4 Cont!inment 0ou#
!#so be t$e suit!b#e o-tion 0$ere t$e s"stem!tic !--re$ension o2 cro0 members is consiere4 Cro0
contro# 2orm!tions& -erimeter -!tro#s& !n b!rriers !re e22ecti3e met$os to !ccom-#is$ cont!inment4 In
!## inst!nces& c!ution must be use to !3oi L2i/$t*or*2#i/$tL s"nrome common to -eo-#e 2ee#in/
tr!--e 0it$ no esc!-e4
Armore 3e$ic#es& !rmore securit" 3e$ic#es @ASVsA& !n u-*!rmore +MM.Vs !re !!-t!b#e to
ro!b#oc5 o-er!tions !s t$e" c!n ser3e !s b!rriers& !s 0e## !s -rotect So#iers insie !n outsie t$e
m!nnin/ o2 ro!b#oc5s& b" /i3in/ t$e So#iers somet$in/ to crouc$ be$in i2 obEect !re t$ro0n4
@?A B#oc5in/4 T$is o-tion consists o2 t$e -$"sic!# eni!# o2 ! cro0Fs !3!nce u-on ! 2!ci#it" or !re!
0$ic$ is t$e -otenti!# or !ctu!# t!r/et o2 issient !cti3it"4 Cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& -rinci-!##" t$e
#ine !n b!rric!es& !re t$e most !--ro-ri!te tec$ni1ues 2or t$is o-tion4 B!rric!es& suc$ !s 3e$ic#es&
concertin! 0ire& !n 0!ter*2i##e b!rre#s c!n be erecte to b#oc5 or c$!nne#i>e t$e mo3ement o2 t$e
cro04 T$ese e3ices& 0$en use in combin!tion 0it$ So#iers !n ot$er cro0 contro# tec$ni1ues& !re
use2u# in !ccom-#is$in/ t$e o-tions o2 cont!inment or b#oc5in/4
c4 Tec$ni1ues 2or Cro0 Contro#4 T$ere !re numerous tec$ni1ues esi/ne to -ro3ie t$e comm!ner
0it$ 2#e:ibi#it" o2 !ction in !ccom-#is$in/ cro0 contro#4 +e must se#ect ! combin!tion 0$ic$ 0i##
-rouce t$e esire resu#ts 0it$in t$e 2r!me0or5 o2 t$e se#ecte cro0 contro# o-tion4 T$e most common
tec$ni1ues !--ro-ri!te 2or mi#it!r" us!/e !re iscusse be#o04
@1A Obser3!tion4 T$is consists o2 e-#o"ment o2 -ersons or te!ms to t$e -eri-$er" o2 ! cro0 2or t$e
-ur-ose o2 monitorin/ its !cti3it"4 It inc#ues /!t$erin/ !t! on cro0 si>e& #oc!tion& moo& !n
re-ortin/ on t$e e3e#o-in/ situ!tion4 T$is tec$ni1ue inc#ues -ostin/ -ersons on str!te/ic roo2to-s !n
ot$er $i/$ terr!in o3er#oo5in/ t$e cro04 T$is #!tter me!sure -ro3ies !ition!# securit" to contro#
2orce -ersonne# s$ou# t$e" become committe to ot$er cro0 contro# o-er!tions4 Suc$ ! te!m m!" be
com-ose o2 !n e:-ert m!r5sm!n& ! r!io o-er!tor& !n !n obser3er e1ui--e 0it$ binocu#!rs4 C!re
must be t!5en to !ssure t$!t committe contro# 2orces !re !0!re o2 t$e #oc!tions o2 suc$ te!ms to -re3ent
t$eir bein/ mist!5en 2or sni-er e#ements4
@)A Communic!tion o2 Interest !n Intent4 In cert!in situ!tions& e22ecti3e communic!tion 0it$ cro0
!n mob #e!ers !n -!rtici-!nts m!" en!b#e t$e comm!ner to contro# t$e situ!tion 0it$out resortin/ to
more se3ere !ctions4 .$en -#!nne !n or/!ni>e emonstr!tions& m!rc$es& or r!##ies 0it$in t$e
isturbe !re! !re !nnounce& t$e contro# 2orce comm!ner in coorin!tion 0it$ #oc!# !ut$orities s$ou#
meet 0it$ or/!ni>ers o2 t$e !cti3it" in orer to communic!te t$e interest o2 t$e contro# 2orces4 T$e
2o##o0in/ m!tters& !s !--ro-ri!te& s$ou# be iscusse4
@!A P!r!e or emonstr!tion -ermits4
@bA Loc!tion o2 emonstr!tion !n routes o2 m!rc$4
@cA Time #imits 2or t$e !cti3it"4
@A Pro3ision o2 m!rs$!#s b" !cti3it" or/!ni>ers4
@eA Pre3ention o2 3io#ence4
@2A S!2et" o2 !## concerne4
@'A T$e t!s5 2orce comm!ner !n #oc!# !ut$orities s$ou# !#so communic!te to t$e !cti3it" or/!ni>ers
t$eir intent to co-e 0it$ 3io#ence& un#!02u# !ctions& !n 3io#!tions o2 restrictions im-ose on t$e
!cti3it"4 It is intene t$!t& b" t$is communic!tion bet0een !cti3it" or/!ni>ers !n contro# 2orce
-ersonne#& t$e emonstr!tion& r!##"& or -!r!e 0i## occur 0it$out incient t$rou/$ t$e mutu!#
coo-er!tion o2 !## concerne4 T$e intentions o2 contro# 2orces 0i## not be e22ecti3e i2 e#i3ere !s !n
u#tim!tum4 A #imite& be/ru/in/ i!#o/ue 0it$ !cti3it" or/!ni>ers reuces t$e o--ortunit" 2or
!ut$orities to #e!rn t$e -#!ns o2 t$e emonstr!tors4 It must be remembere t$!t i2 t$is communic!tion is
not e22ecte& t$e !cti3it" or/!ni>ers mi/$t 0e## $o# t$e emonstr!tion in e2i!nce o2 #oc!# !ut$orities&
t$ereb" cre!tin/ ! -otenti!# 2or 3io#ence t$!t mi/$t not $!3e e:iste i2 t$is tec$ni1ue $! been
em-#o"e4
4 C$!nne#i>!tion4 Pressure c!n be brou/$t to be!r on t$e issient #e!ers$i- to c$!nne# t$e cro0 into !n
!re! 0$ic$ 0i## minimi>e t$e isru-tion 0$en t$e 2o##o0in/ re1uirements !re met,
@1A .$en communic!tions $!3e been est!b#is$e 0it$ t$e issient #e!ers$i-4
@)A .$en t$e intent !n n!ture o2 t$e cro0 !cti3it" is 5no0n4
e4 Di3ersion4 .$en communic!tion e:ists 0it$ t$e issient #e!ers$i-& consier!tion m!" be /i3en to
e22orts to i3ert t$e #e!ers$i- o2 t$e cro0 itse#2 2rom its st!te or ob3ious obEecti3e4 T$e i3ersion s$ou#
su--ort t$e obEecti3es o2 t$e contro# 2orce eit$er b" reucin/ t$e stren/t$ o2 t$e cro0 situ!tion or
moti3!tin/ t$e cro0 to see5 !n !re! more e!si#" contro##e b" t$e contro# 2orce4
24 Coo-er!tion4 Decre!sin/ t$e -otenti!# isru-tion o2 t$e cro0 !cti3it" m!" be !ccom-#is$e b" !n !cti3e
!ttem-t on t$e -!rt o2 t$e contro# 2orce to obt!in coo-er!tion o2 t$e issient #e!ers$i-4 .$ene3er t$ere is
!n !ttem-t b" t$e cro0 #e!ers$i- to see5 -ermission !n coo-er!tion o2 t$e #oc!# /o3ernment& e3er" e22ort
s$ou# be m!e to m!:imi>e t$is coo-er!tion b" emonstr!tin/ !n !ttitue o2 2!ci#it!tion4 T$is m!" be
!ccom-#is$e b" $e#-in/ t$e #e!ers$i- to or/!ni>e ! -e!ce2u# emonstr!tion 0$i#e est!b#is$in/ /uie#ines
0$ic$ 0i## minimi>e t$e im-!ct o2 t$e emonstr!tion on t$e communit"4
/4 Se#ection o2 %orce O-tions4
@1A T$e commitment o2 2eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces must be 3ie0e !s ! r!stic #!st resort4 T$eir ro#e&
t$ere2ore& s$ou# ne3er be /re!ter t$!n is !bso#ute#" necess!r" uner t$e -!rticu#!r circumst!nces 0$ic$
e:ist4 T$is oes not me!n& $o0e3er& t$!t t$e number o2 So#iers use s$ou# be minimi>e4 T$e e/ree
o2 2orce re1uire to contro# ! isorer is o2ten in3erse#" -ro-ortion!te to t$e number o2 !3!i#!b#e
-ersonne#4 Doubts concernin/ t$e number o2 So#iers re1uire s$ou# norm!##" be reso#3e in 2!3or o2
#!r/e numbers since t$e -resence o2 suc$ #!r/e numbers m!" -re3ent t$e e3e#o-ment o2 situ!tions in
0$ic$ t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce is necess!r"4 A #!r/e reser3e o2 So#iers s$ou# be m!int!ine urin/
ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4 T$e 5no0#e/e t$!t ! #!r/e reser3e 2orce is !3!i#!b#e bui#s mor!#e !mon/
mi#it!r" !n #!0 en2orcement -ersonne# !n $e#-s to -re3ent o3erre!ction to !nno"in/ !cts b" unru#"
-ersons4
@)A In se#ectin/ !n o-er!tion!# !--ro!c$ to ! ci3i# isturb!nce situ!tion& t$e comm!ner !n $is st!22
must 2o##o0 t$e Lminimum necess!r" 2orceL -rinci-#eB 2or e:!m-#e& cro0 contro# 2orm!tions or cro0
contro# !/ents s$ou# not be use i2 t$e !re! 2i##e 0it$ m!n-o0er 0ou# be su22icient4
@'A E3er" e22ort s$ou# be m!e to !3oi !--e!rin/ !s !n !#ien in3!in/ 2orce !n to -resent t$e im!/e
o2 ! restr!ine !n 0e##*isci-#ine 2orce 0$ose so#e -ur-ose is to $e#- to restore #!0 !n orer 0it$ !
minimum #oss o2 #i2e !n -ro-ert" !n ue res-ect 2or t$ose citi>ens 0$ose in3o#3ement m!" be -ure#"
!ccient!#4 %urt$er& 0$i#e cro0 contro# -ersonne# s$ou# be 3isib#e& t!ctic!#& or 2orce concentr!tions
0$ic$ mi/$t ten to e:cite r!t$er t$!n to c!#m s$ou# be !3oie 0$ere -ossib#e4
@?A T$e norm!# re2#e: !ction o2 t$e 0e##*tr!ine comb!t So#ier to sni-er 2ire is to res-on 0it$ !##
2ire-o0er !3!i#!b#e4 In ! ci3i# isturb!nce& t$is t!ctic en!n/ers innocent -eo-#e more t$!n sni-ers4 T$e
-re2erre t!ctic is to !##o0 ! s-eci!# re!ction te!m @SRTA 0$o is tr!ine 2or t$is t"-e o2 mission& to enter
t$e bui#in/ 2rom 0$ic$ sni-er 2ire st!rts4 =ee-in/ 0it$ t$e contro##in/ -rinci-#e t$!t t$e te!m must use
on#" t$e minimum 2orce necess!r" to 2u#2i## t$e mission& t$e comm!ner m!" se#ect !n" one o2 t$e
2o##o0in/ o-tions 2or !rmin/ $is So#iers,
@!A Riot S$ie#4 In t$e $!ns o2 ! 0e## tr!ine so#ier& t$e riot s$ie# c!n be uti#i>e !s bot$ !
e2ensi3e !n o22ensi3e 0e!-on 0$en cont!ct is m!e 0it$ !n !//ressi3e cro04 T$e -rim!r" use
o2 t$e riot s$ie# is 2or e2ense o2 t$e #ine4 +o0e3er& e!c$ riot s$ie# $o#er must be -ro2icient in
its retention4 T$e So#ier $o#in/ t$e s$ie# must be tr!ine to re!ct 0$en ! emonstr!tor /r!bs t$e
to- o2 t$e s$ie# b" s#!--in/ 0it$ $is stron/ $!n !n /i3es t$e 2o##o0in/ comm!nL 6et b!c5L&
L6et !0!"L LSto-L4 I2 ! rioter /r!bs t$e bottom o2 t$e s$ie# t$e So#ier s$ou# be tr!ine in
2orce2u##" ro--in/ to one 5nee !n -innin/ t$e riotersF 2in/ers to t$e /roun4

@bA B!ton4 T$e b!ton is most e22ecti3e in ! cro0 contro# o-er!tion !n is consiere t$e -rim!r"
0e!-on 2or cro0 contro# o-er!tions4 T$e b!ton is consiere to be !n o22ensi3e 0e!-on 0it$
reuce #et$!#it" !n un#i5e t$e ri2#e& t$e #oss o2 ! b!ton to t$e cro0 oes not cre!te ! serious
t$re!t4 So#ier must be tr!ine 0it$ t$e riot b!ton to t$e -oint its 3!rious tec$ni1ues !re !utom!tic
to t$em4 T$is tr!inin/ must !#so inc#ue t$e 3u#ner!b#e -oints on t$e bo" so t$e" c!n !3oi !re!s
t$!t m!" c!use -erm!nent inEur" or e!t$ 0$en struc54
Current#" t$ere !re t0o t"-es o2 riot b!tons& 0ooen !n e:-!n!b#e4 T$e most common one is t$e '( inc$
$ic5or" riot b!ton 0it$ t$on/4 T$ere is !#so t$e )?*inc$ to '( inc$ e:-!n!b#e riot b!ton& 0$ic$ $!s been !e
to t$e non#et$!# c!-!bi#ities set4 E!c$ So#er 0it$in t$e contro# 2orce nee to be -ro2icient#" tr!ine in !##
tec$ni1ues 2or b#oc5in/ !n stri5in/4 Im-ro-er use o2 t$e riot b!ton b" !n untr!ine So#ier $!s t$e -otenti!#
2or cre!tin/ ! /re!ter -rob#em t$!n 0$!t !#re!" e:ist4
@cA S$ot/un4 T$e 1) /!/e s$ot/un is ! -um- !ction s$ot/un current#" in t$e non#et$!# c!-!bi#ities
set @NLCSA in3entor"4 T$e -um- !ction s$ot/un is c$!mbere to t!5e u- to '*inc$ s$e##s4 T$e '*
inc$ c$!mber !##o0s 2or t$e use o2 M101) !n M101' NL munitions4 T$is s$ot/un !#so -ro3ies !
3isu!##" istinct !#tern!ti3e to t$e st!n!r mi#it!r" issues 0e!-on4
@A Ri2#e4 T$e ri2#e& i2 c!-!b#e o2 !utom!tic 2ire& must be moi2ie to -re3ent !utom!tic o-er!tion4
=ee-in/ 0it$ t$e contro##in/ -rinci-#e o2 usin/ on#" t$e minimum 2orce necess!r" to 2u#2i## t$e
mission4 I2 t$e So#ier !re e1ui--e 0it$ t$eir #on/ 0e!-ons !n !re in t$e 2ront #ines o2 t$e
2orm!tion& t$e 0e!-on s$ou# be c!rrie !cross t$eir b!c5 2rom #e2t to ri/$t 0it$ t$e mu>>#e o2 t$e
0e!-on -ointe o0n !n t$e butt o2 t$e 0e!-on -ointe u-4 T$e 0e!-on s$ou# be c#e!re !n
t$e m!/!>ine in t$e -ro-er !mmunition -ouc$4
@eA Non #et$!# 0e!-ons !n munitions4 Non#et$!# 0e!-ons !n munitions !re !n !ition!# !sset
!22ore to t$e comm!ner in ci3i# isturb!nce !n !re -re2erre o3er #et$!# 2orce4 T$e s$o0in/ o2
2orce 0it$ non#et$!# 0e!-ons !n munitions m!" !ssist in cro0 is-ersin/& se-!r!te& or #e!3e t$e
!re! 0it$ minim!# c!us!#ities4 T$is non#et$!# c!-!bi#it" set @NLCSA is ! 0e##*roune& 3ers!ti#e
-!c5!/e o2 bot$ e1ui-ment !n munitions4 NLCS !re i3e into 2our istinct c!te/ories, -ersonne#
-rotection& -ersonne# e22ectors& mission en$!ncers !n tr!inin/ e3ices
@2A .$i#e e!c$ o2 t$e !bo3e o-tions re-resents !n esc!#!tion in t$e #e3e# o2 2orce& t$e" !re not
se1uenti!# in t$e sense t$!t ! comm!ner must initi!##" se#ect t$e 2irst o-tion& or -rocee 2rom one
to !not$er in !n" -!rticu#!r orer4 So #on/ !s t$e o-tion se#ecte is !--ro-ri!te& consierin/ t$e
e:istin/ t$re!t& t$e minimum necess!r" 2orce -rinci-#e is not 3io#!te4
14 T$e ri2#e !n ri2#e 0it$ b!"onet !tt!c$e $!3e e:treme#" #imite o22ensi3e use !s bot$ m!"
constitute e!#" 2orce4 T$e -rim!r" 3!#ue o2 t$e ri2#e or t$e ri2#e 0it$ b!"onet !tt!c$e is t$e
-s"c$o#o/ic!# im-!ct on t$e cro04 .$i#e t$e use o2 2i:e b!"onets c!n ! consier!b#" to
t$is e22ect& t$e !n/er o2 intention!# or !ccient!# inEur" to emonstr!tors or 2e##o0 contro#
2orce -ersonne# -re3ents suc$ use e:ce-t 0it$ e:treme#" 3io#ent cro0s4
)4 %ire b" se#ecte m!r5smen4 %ire b" se#ecte m!r5smen m!" be necess!r" uner cert!in
circumst!nces4 M!r5smen s$ou# be -re*se#ecte& tr!ine& !n t$orou/$#" instructe4 T$e"
m!" be -#!ce on 3e$ic#es& in bui#in/s& or e#se0$ere !s re1uire4
'4 %u## 2ire-o0er4 T$e most se3ere me!sure o2 2orce t$!t c!n be !--#ie b" So#iers is t$!t o2
!3!i#!b#e unit 2ire-o0er 0it$ t$e intent o2 -roucin/ e:tensi3e c!su!#ties4 T$is e:treme
me!sure 0ou# be use !s ! #!st resort on#" !2ter !## ot$er me!sures $!3e 2!i#e or ob3ious#"
0ou# be im-r!ctic!#& !n t$e conse1uence o2 2!i#ure to com-#ete#" subue t$e cro0 0ou# be
!n imminent o3ert$ro0 o2 t$e /o3ernment& continue m!ss c!su!#ties& or simi#!r /rie3ous
conitions4
?4 S$ot/un4 T$e riot s$ot/un is !n e:treme#" 3ers!ti#e 0e!-onB its !--e!r!nce
!n c!-!bi#it" !#so -rouce ! stron/ -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect on rioters4 It is -!rticu#!r#" suite to
cert!in !--#ic!tions in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4 .$en use 0it$ No4 00 buc5s$ot
!mmunition& it is !n e:ce##ent -oint t!r/et 0e!-on e:treme#" e22ecti3e !t #imite r!n/e4 B"
3!r"in/ t$e non#et$!# munitionsF M101) !n M101' t$e 0e!-on c!n be em-#o"e 0it$
consier!b#" #ess -ossibi#it" o2 serious inEur" or e!t$4 T$is -ro3ies t$e comm!ner 0it$ !
esir!b#e 2#e:ibi#it" in se#ectin/ t$e !mmunition most !--ro-ri!te uner t$e e:istin/ conitions
@/A T$e me!sures escribe in -!r!/r!-$s 1 t$rou/$ 5 be#o0& m!" be !--#ie in !n"
orer !s eeme suit!b#e b" t$e res-onsib#e comm!ner !s #on/ !s $is !--#ic!tion is conson!nt 0it$
-rescribe con2ront!tion m!n!/ement tec$ni1ues out#ine e!r#ier4
@1A Proc#!m!tion4 A -ub#ic !nnouncement is consiere !n e:ce##ent meium to m!5e 5no0n to !
cro0 t$e intentions o2 t$e contro# 2orce comm!ner4 In some c!ses& suc$ !n !nnouncement m!5es
2urt$er !ction unnecess!r"4 An !nnouncement -uts t$e -o-u#!tion on notice t$!t t$e situ!tion
em!ns e:tr!orin!r" mi#it!r" me!sures& -re-!res t$e -eo-#e to !cce-t mi#it!r" -resence& tens to
ins-ire res-ect 2rom #!0#ess e#ements !n su--orts #!0*!biin/ e#ements& /i3es -s"c$o#o/ic!# !i
to t$e mi#it!r" 2orces tr"in/ to restore orer& !n s$o0s to !## concerne t$e /r!3it" 0it$ 0$ic$ t$e
situ!tion is 3ie0e4 In m!5in/ ! -roc#!m!tion& ! comm!ner m!" consier im-osin/ ! time #imit4
+o0e3er& t$e situ!tion m!" c$!n/e& !n not im-osin/ ! time #imit m!" #e!3e t$e comm!ner ot$er
o-tions !s $e sees 2it& !s #on/ !s t$e -roc#!m!tion is s-eci2ic in its instruction4
@)A S$o0 o2 %orce4 A s$o0 o2 2orce is e22ecti3e in 3!rious situ!tions in ci3i# isorer contro#
o-er!tions4 A s$o0 o2 2orce m!" !s sim-#e !s So#ier ismountin/ 2rom buses or truc5s in -#!n
si/$t o2 t$e emonstr!tors& but must be 2!r enou/$ !0!" to -re3ent ! -ro3o5e !tt!c5 o2 t$ro0n
obEects4 .$en ! cro0 $!s /!t$ere in ! #!r/e !re!& s$o0 o2 2orce c!n t!5e t$e 2orm o2 m!rc$in/ !
0e##*e1ui--e& $i/$#" isci-#ine contro# 2orce into t$eir mist4 .$en -ersons !re sc!ttere
t$rou/$out t$e isturb!nce !re! in sm!## /rou-s& ! s$o0 o2 2orce m!" t!5e t$e 2orm o2 motor
m!rc$es o2 So#iers t$rou/$out t$e !re!& s!tur!tion -!tro##in/& !n t$e m!nnin/ o2 st!tic -osts or
simi#!r me!sures4
@'A Em-#o"ment o2 Cro0 Contro# %orm!tions4 Cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !re use to cont!in&
is-erse& b#oc5 or bre!5 u- ! non con2ormin/ cro0B t$ese cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !re more
e22ecti3e in urb!n !re!s t$!n t$e" !re in o-en 2ie#s or -!r5s4 .$en t$is met$o is uti#i>e in urb!n
!re!s& it is e!s" to is-erse or s-#it t$e cro0 into sm!## /rou-s& iso#!te insti/!tors& or 2unne# !
cro0 into ! esire !re!4 T$e use o2 suc$ 2orm!tions is -!rt o2 t$e s$o0 o2 2orce !n $!s ! stron/
-s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect on !n" cro04
@?A Em-#o"ment o2 .!ter4 .!ter 2rom ! $i/$ -ressure $ose m!" be e22ecti3e in mo3in/ sm!##
/rou-s on ! n!rro0 2ront suc$ !s ! street or in e2enin/ ! b!rric!e or ro!b#oc54 Personne#
!--#"in/ 0!ter s$ou# be -rotecte b" ri2#emen !n in some c!ses b" s$ie#s4 In t$e use o2 0!ter&
t$e 2!ctors iscuss be#o0 s$ou# be consiere4
@!A .!ter m!" be use !s ! 2#!t tr!Eector" 0e!-on uti#i>in/ -ressure& or !s ! $i/$ tr!Eector"
0e!-on usin/ 0!ter !s ! r!in2!##4 T$e #!tter is $i/$#" e22ecti3e urin/ co# 0e!t$er4
@bA T$e use o2 ! #!r/e 0!ter t!n5 @950 to 1&000 /!##onsA !n ! -o0er 0!ter -um- mounte on !
truc5 0it$ ! $i/$ -ressure $ose !n no>>#e c!-!b#e o2 se!rc$in/ !n tr!3ersin/ 0i## en!b#e
So#iers to use 0!ter !s t$e" !3!nce4 B" $!3in/ !t #e!st t0o suc$ 0!ter truc5s& one c!n be
$e# in reser3e 2or use 0$en re1uire4
@cA In usin/ 0!ter& !s 0it$ ot$er me!sures o2 2orce& cert!in restr!ints must be !--#ie4 Usin/
0!ter on innocent b"st!ners& suc$ !s 0omen !n c$i#ren& s$ou# be !3oieB 0!"s to esc!-e
must be -ro3ieB !n t$e more se3ere use& 2#!t tr!Eector" !--#ic!tion& s$ou# be use on#"
0$en !bso#ute#" necess!r"4
@A %ire e-!rtments !re norm!##" !ssoci!te 0it$ #i2es!3in/ -r!ctices r!t$er t$!n m!inten!nce
o2 #!0 !n orer4 In orer to m!int!in t$is im!/e& 2ire e-!rtment e1ui-ment 0i## not be use
2or riot contro# !n cro0 is-ers!#4
@eA Use o2 Cro0 Contro# A/ents4 Cro0 contro# !/ents !re e:treme#" use2u# in ci3i# isorer
contro# o-er!tions bec!use t$e" o22er ! $um!ne !n e22ecti3e met$o o2 reucin/ resist!nce !n
#essen re1uirements 2or t$e !--#ic!tion o2 more se3ere me!sures o2 2orce4 T!s5 2orce
comm!ners !re !ut$ori>e to e#e/!te t$e !ut$orit" to use cro0 contro# !/ents !n ot$er
2orms o2 non #et$!# 2orce !t t$eir iscretion4
)4 Est!b#is$ Are! Contro#4
!4 6ener!#4 Acts o2 3io#ence& suc$ !s #ootin/& !rson& !n 3!n!#ism& !re /re!t#" reuce 0$en t$e -$"sic!#
!n -s"c$o#o/ic!# in2#uence o2 #!0#essness is e2e!te4 In est!b#is$in/ e22ecti3e !re! contro#& comm!ners
must reco/ni>e t$e -rob#em o2 0ies-re! #ootin/ !n !rson t$!t $!s !ccom-!nie most #!r/e urb!n
isorers4 Per2orm!nce o2 t$is t!s5 consists o2 reucin/ or e#imin!tin/ t$ose conitions 0$ic$ contribute to
t$e outbre!5 or continu!tion o2 #!0#essness in t$e isturbe !re!4
@1A Lootin/4 .$en e!#in/ 0it$ -ersons in3o#3e in #ootin/& e:treme c!re !n !$erence to t$e
-rinci-#e o2 minimum 2orce must be obser3e4 Lootin/ m!" st!rt !t !n" time or -#!ce !s !n iso#!te
incient !n s-re! 1uic5#" t$rou/$out t$e !22ecte !re!s4 Lootin/ is not #imite to !n" -!rticu#!r se: or
!/e /rou-B it inc#ues t$e 3er" o#& t$e 3er" "oun/& 0omen& !n c$i#ren4 %or e:!m-#e& m!n" c$i#ren
m!" be #ootin/ 0it$out !n" ie! o2 $o0 serious t$eir !ctions !re4 In t$e contro# o2 #ootin/& unit #e!ers
must reco/ni>e t$!t e!#" 2orce is not !ut$ori>e4
@)A Anti*#ootin/4 Unit comm!ners must be 2!mi#i!r 0it$ !nti*#ootin/ me!sures 0$ic$ c!n be t!5en b"
ci3i# !ut$orities& suc$ !s bo!rin/ u- bro5en or unbro5en 0ino0s& co3erin/ 0ino0s 0it$ -$oto*
#uminescent -!rtic#es& !n b" t$e -rom-t -ostin/ o2 #ootin/ -en!#t" -roc#!m!tions4 Anti*#ootin/ !ctions
t$!t c!n be t!5en b" mi#it!r" 2orces inc#ue t$e est!b#is$ment o2 2oot !n motor -!tro#s& t$e -ostin/ o2
2i:e /u!r -osts& !n t$e #i/$tin/ o2 #i5e#" !re!s 2or #ootin/4 6u!rs !t 2i:e -osts 0i## be brie2e not to
#e!3e t$eir -osts to -ursue ini3iu!# #ooters on 2oot& but to rem!in on -ost !n -re3ent #ooters 2rom
!--ro!c$in/ t$eir !re!s o2 res-onsibi#it"4 A## /u!rs must be brie2e t$!t #ooters 0i## not be 2ire u-on
nor 0i## e!#" 2orce be use to c!tc$ #ooters4
@'A Protecte or Sensiti3e Commerci!# Est!b#is$ments4 A m!in consier!tion in t$e conuct o2 ci3i#
isturb!nce o-er!tions is to -re3ent #i1uor& ru/s& 0e!-ons& !n !mmunition 2rom 2!##in/ into t$e $!ns
o2 rioters4 T$ere2ore& #i1uor stores& ru/ stores& s-ortin/ /oo s$o-s& -!0n s$o-s& !n $!r0!re stores
!re m!in t!r/ets 2or #ooters !n must be 5e-t uner c#ose obser3!tion b" me!ns o2 2oot !n motori>e
-!tro#s4 Norm!##"& businesses o2 t$is t"-e must be ienti2ie in !3!nce !n inc#ue in emer/enc"
-#!ns4
@?A Arson4 Arson is /ener!##" e2ine !s ! crime o2 -ur-ose#" settin/ 2ire to ! bui#in/ or -ro-ert"4
Acts o2 settin/ 2ire to bui#in/s& -ro-ert"& etc4& o2ten 2o##o0 isturb!nces4 Cert!in situ!tions m!" !rise in
contro##in/ !rson 0$ere t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce is !ut$ori>e !n necess!r"4
AREA CONTROL TEC+NIJUES
SATURATION PATROLLIN6
MOTOR * %OOT * AIR * .ATER
IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS
CUR%E. * SALES
%I6URE )*1 AREA CONTROL TEC+NIJUES4
b4 Are! Contro# Tec$ni1ues4 T$e tec$ni1ues @see 2i/ure )*1A most suite to t$e t!s5 o2 !re! contro# inc#ue
t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A S!tur!tion P!tro##in/4 A#ert& !//ressi3e -!tro##in/ eters t$e !ssemb#" o2 cro0s& -ro3ies !t! on
t$e e3e#o-in/ situ!tion& !n cre!tes ! -s"c$o#o/ic!# im-ression t$!t t$e contro# 2orce is e3er"0$ere4
P!tro#s !re -!rticu#!r#" 3!#u!b#e in -re3entin/ o3ert !rson !n 2or -rom-t re-ortin/ o2 2ires !n ot$er
3io#ence4 .$ene3er -ossib#e& -!tro#s s$ou# be use 0it$ e:istin/ ci3i# -o#ice -!tro#s to concentr!te
2orces !n -ro3ie 2or ! mi#it!r";ci3i#i!n communic!tion c!-!bi#it"4 T$is /i3es t$e So#iers t$e
!3!nt!/e o2 e!r#" !re! 2!mi#i!rit" !n -ro3ies ci3i# -o#ice !i to t$e mi#it!r" -!tro# members4 P!tro#
routes 2or mounte !n ismounte -!tro#s s$ou# be 3!rie& bot$ !s to -!tterns !n times& to -re3ent
sni-ers& !rsonists& !n #ooters 2rom bein/ !b#e to se#ect ! s!2e time to conuct t$eir !cti3ities4 P!tro#
members must stic5 to -ro-er st!n!rs o2 conuct !n 2!ir tre!tment o2 ci3i#i!ns !t !## timesB t$e" must
re!#i>e t$!t t$e" !re -er2ormin/ !n im-ort!nt communit" re#!tions 2unction !s 0e## !s ! contro# 2unction4
De-enin/ u-on t$e n!ture !n #oc!tion o2 t$e ci3i# isorer& se3er!# t"-es o2 -!tro#s c!n be use
e22ecti3e#"4
@!A Motor P!tro#s4 Bec!use o2 t$eir s-ee !n mobi#it"& motor -!tro#s !re !b#e to -ro3ie t$e
comm!ner 0it$ time#" /roun reconn!iss!nce& -ro3ie e:tene en2orcement co3er!/e& !n res-on
to c!##s 2or !i 2rom ot$er -!tro#s !n /u!r -osts4 R!io communic!tion s$ou# be m!int!ine 0it$
t$e contro# 2orce $e!1u!rters4 Motor -!tro#s m!" be use to m!5e -erioic cont!cts 0it$ 2oot -!tro#s
!n st!tion!r" -osts 0$ic$ m!" #!c5 communic!tion me!ns4 A## motor -!tro#s s$ou# be e1ui--e
0it$ 2ire e:tin/uis$ers 0it$ 0$ic$ t$e" m!" -ut out sm!## 2ires& t$ereb" -re3entin/ #!r/er 2ires !n
reucin/ t$e necessit" 2or c!##in/ t$e 2ire e-!rtment4 T$e 3e$ic#e s$ou# be moi2ie 0it$ s!nb!/s&
0ire screens& or simi#!r m!teri!#s to -rotect !/!inst sni-er 2ire or t$ro0n obEects4 Motori>e -!tro#s
s$ou# consist o2 t$ree 3e$ic#es 0it$ t$ree -ersonne# -er 3e$ic#e4
@bA %oot P!tro#s4 De-enin/ u-on t$e e/ree o2 3io#ence !n e:tent o2 !cti3it" in t$e -!tro##e !re!&
2oot -!tro#s m!" r!n/e 2rom t0o* to 2our* or si:*m!n e#ements or s1u!*si>e units4 %oot -!tro#s !re
more use2u# in !re!s 0$ere t$e -o-u#!tion mo3ement is $e!3" !n;or t$e !re! to be -!tro##e is sm!##4
%oot -!tro#s must be !b#e to -rotect t$emse#3es !n contro# ! #imite number o2 isorer#" -ersons4
@cA Air P!tro#s4 Air -!tro#s c!n -er2orm reconn!iss!nce !n sur3ei##!nce missions o3er t$e isturbe
!re!4 T$e" !re !n e:ce##ent me!ns o2 -ro3iin/ time#" !t! on t$e !ctions o2 issients& e:tent o2
!m!/e& st!tus o2 !ccess routes& #oc!tion !n conition o2 ro! b!rriers& !n ot$er im-ort!nt !t!4
T$e" c!n $e#- t$e comm!ner in t$e irection o2 t$e o3er!## contro# e22ort 0it$in t$e isturbe !re!4
@A .!ter P!tro#s4 .!ter -!tro#s c!n be use 0$ere t$e isturbe !re! cont!ins or is borere b"
n!3i/!b#e 0!ter4 .!ter -!tro#s 2unction in ! simi#!r m!nner to motor -!tro#s4
@)A Im-ose Restrictions4 E:ce-t in t$e un#i5e#" e3ent o2 m!rti!# #!0& 2eer!# mi#it!r" 2orces 0i## not
$!3e t$e !ut$orit" to im-ose restrictions suc$ !s ! cur2e0 on t$e ci3i#i!n -o-u#!tion4 Cert!in
restrictions& $o0e3er& m!" be im-ose b" ci3i#i!n !ut$orities to $e#- in t$e contro# o2 #!0#essness4
Mi#it!r" #e!ers s$ou# be -re-!re to recommen 0$ic$ restrictions !re o2 subst!nti!# 3!#ue in
com-!rison 0it$ t$e buren o2 en2orcement4 T$e most common#" use restrictions inc#ue,
Cur2e04 T$e cur2e0 is ! contro# me!sure 0$ic$ $!s -ro3e $i/$#" e22ecti3e in m!n" ci3i# isturb!nces4 Its
-ur-ose is to restrict t$e un!ut$ori>e mo3ement o2 -ersonne# on streets !n -ub#ic -#!ces urin/ s-eci2ie
-erios o2 time& es-eci!##" urin/ t$e $ours o2 !r5ness4 7oint -#!nnin/ 0it$ ci3i# !ut$orities re/!rin/ t$e
im-osition o2 ! cur2e0 s$ou# -ro3ie 2or,
@!A Coorin!tion o2 t$e initi!tion& en2orcement& !n termin!tion o2 ! cur2e04
@bA Pub#ic !nnouncements o2 t$e be/innin/ !n enin/ o2 cur2e0s4 Ci3i#i!n !ut$orities m!5e t$ese
!nnouncements t$rou/$ #oc!# m!ss mei!& -!m-$#ets& !n -ub#ic !ress s"stems to ensure
m!:imum e:-osure4
@cA Cur2e0 e:em-tions !n /ui!nce on 0$o s$ou# recei3e t$em& inc#uin/ 0ritten !ut$ori>!tion
or -!sses4
@A Pro3ision 2or t$e !--re$ension !n is-osition o2 cur2e0 3io#!tors4
@'A S!#es Restrictions4 Restrictions on t$e s!#e& tr!ns2er& !n -ossession o2 sensiti3e m!teri!# suc$ !s
/!so#ine& 2ire!rms& !mmunition& !n e:-#osi3es 0i## $e#- contro# 2orces in minimi>in/ cert!in 2orms o2
3io#ence4 Limitin/ t$e !3!i#!bi#it" o2 0e!-ons to t$e -otenti!# sni-er or terrorist m!" reuce t$e
#i5e#i$oo o2 suc$ 3io#ence4 T$e e22ecti3e en2orcement o2 t$ese restrictions& $o0e3er& re1uires e:tensi3e
-#!nnin/ !n t$e commitment o2 !e1u!te m!n-o0er to t$is e22ort4
PART B * Neutr!#i>!tion o2 S-eci!# T$re!ts
14 6ener!#4 Lessons #e!rne 2rom -!st ci3i# isturb!nces s$o0 t$!t contro# 2orces 0i## be 2re1uent#" e:-ose to
s-eci!# t$re!ts 0$ic$ -ose /r!3e !n/er to bot$ t$e contro# 2orce !n to t$e /ener!# communit"4 S-eci!# t$re!ts
inc#ue suc$ !cts !s bombin/ !n sni-in/4 T$ree /ener!# ste-s !re re1uire to neutr!#i>e !## s-eci!# t$re!ts4
!4 T!5e immei!te !ction4 T$e 2irst concern is t$e -erson or t$e contro# 2orce unit or te!m encounterin/ !
s-eci!# t$re!t& suc$ !s sni-in/& is -erson!# s!2et" !n s!2et" o2 ot$ers in immei!te !n/er4 Ini3iu!#
so#iers !n contro# 2orce #e!ers s$ou# be tr!ine !n re$e!rse on t$e immei!te !ction to be t!5en u-on
encounterin/ sni-in/& ! bomb t$re!t& or !n e:-#osi3e e3ice4 T$e immei!te !ction ste- s-eci2ic!##" !3ois
$!sti#" !ttem-te& isor/!ni>e& res-onses t$!t 0i## #i5e#" 2urt$er !n/er t$e contro# 2orce !n t$e -ub#ic4
b4 Secure t$e !re!4 Be2ore t$e ienti2ie t$re!t c!n be e22ecti3e#" neutr!#i>e& t$e !n/er !re! must be
secure4 T$e contro# 2orce unit or te!m on t$e scene or rein2orcements s$ou# be use to iso#!te t$e !re! to
sto- t$e esc!-e o2 -er-etr!tors !n to -re3ent t$e in2#u: o2 un!ut$ori>e -ersonne# 2rom t$e contro# 2orce
!n 2rom t$e /ener!# -ub#ic4 In !ition& t$e entire !re! m!" $!3e to be c#e!re o2 -ersons en!n/ere b"
t$e t$re!t4 In t$e c!se o2 sni-in/& i2 e3!cu!tion o2 -ersonne# 2rom t$e !n/er !re! is not -ossib#e& 0!rnin/s
to see5 co3er s$ou# be issue usin/ -ub#ic !ress communic!tions4
c4 Em-#o" s-eci!# te!ms4 Poor#" tr!ine !n e1ui--e contro# 2orce -ersonne# s$ou# not tr" to estro" !
t$re!t4 O-er!tions re1uirin/ t$e remo3!# o2 ! sni-er 2rom ! b!rric!e -osition or t$e remo3!# o2 !n
e:-#osi3e e3ice s$ou# be -er2orme b" se#ecte te!ms o2 s-eci!##" tr!ine& s-eci!##" e1ui--e -ersonne#4
E:-#osi3e orn!nce is-os!# @EODA units s$ou# be use to estro" e:-#osi3e e3ices4
)4 Bombs4 Durin/ ci3i# isturb!nces& contro# 2orces s$ou# be tr!ine to reco/ni>e 2ire bombs& -i-e bombs& !n
ot$er e3ices4 T$e" s$ou# !#so be tr!ine !n re$e!rse in t$e immei!te !ction necess!r" 0$en isco3erin/
!n e:-#osi3e e3ice4 T$e !ctu!# estruction o2 t$e bomb s$ou# be !ccom-#is$e b" t$e EOD unit or ci3i#
-o#ice bomb unit4 T0o s-eci2ic ste-s @See %i/ure )*)A !re re1uire 0$en !n e:-#osi3e e3ice is 2oun,
%I6URE )*)4 STEPS TO TA=E .+EN AN EKPLOSIVE DEVICE IS ENCOUNTERED4
!4 Immei!te Action4 T$e ini3iu!# so#ier or contro# 2orce unit or te!m t$!t isco3ers !n e:-#osi3e e3ice
s$ou#,
@1A T!5e Co3er4 A## -ersonne# s$ou# immei!te#" #e!3e t$e !re! !n see5 co3er 0$ere3er -ossib#e4
@)A .!rn4 Noti2" !## -ersonne# to c#e!r t$e !re!4
@'A Re-ort4 In2orm t$e !--ro-ri!te -ersonne# o2 t$e situ!tion so t$!t !i c!n be sent to t$e scene4
NOTE: DO NOT, AT ANY TIME, HANDLE THE DEVICE.
b4 Secure t$e Are!4 A2ter t$e ini3iu!# so#ier or contro# 2orce unit or te!m $!s t!5en t$e immei!te
!ction& ste-s s$ou# be t!5en to secure t$e !re!4 I2 t$e contro# 2orce unit or te!m is c!-!b#e& t$e" m!" be
use to secure t$e !re!4 T$e senior member o2 t$e e#ement res-onsib#e 2or securin/ t$e !re! s$ou# consier
t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A Iso#!te4 Est!b#is$ ro!b#oc5s or c$ec5-oints !s necess!r" to 5ee- un!ut$ori>e -ersonne# out o2 t$e
!re!4
I**0$'T0 'CTI,
Ta%e Co&er
)arn
Report
S0C3R0 TD0 'R0'
Isolate
0&aluate
'lert
Control
3tilities
@)A E3!cu!te4 Ensure t$!t !## -ersonne# !re out o2 t$e !n/er !re!4
@'A A#ert4 Noti2" 2ire& #oc!# -o#ice bomb s1u!& @i2 not !3!i#!b#e noti2" t$e mi#it!r" EODA& !n meic!#
-ersonne# !n irect t$em to ! st!/in/ !re! 2or 1uic5 e-#o"ment4
@?A Contro# Uti#ities4 T$e c#ose o0n o2 !## /!s& e#ectric& !n 0!ter ser3ice to t$e !22ecte !re! s$ou#
be !ccom-#is$e b" 1u!#i2ie -ersonne# 2!mi#i!r 0it$ t$e uti#ities !n t$e !re!4
c4 A2ter t$e !re! $!s been secure& t$e EOD unit or ci3i# -o#ice bomb unit s$ou# be escorte to t$e #oc!tion
o2 t$e e3ice4 T$e !ctu!# estruction !n is-os!# o2 t$e e:-#osi3e e3ice s$ou# be !ccom-#is$e b" !n
EOD unit or ci3i# -o#ice bomb unit4
4 Bomb T$re!ts4 Bomb t$re!ts m!" incre!se urin/ ci3i# isturb!nces or urin/ ot$er times o2 tensions
!n crises4 %re1uent#"& 0!rnin/ c!##s or notice $!3e been /i3en 0$en !n e:-#osi3e e3ice $!s been !ctu!##"
-#!nte to !3oi #oss o2 innocent #i3es4 +o0e3er& on occ!sion& cr!n5s& er!n/e -ersons& or is/runt#e
em-#o"ee m!" m!5e t$re!ts or /i3e 2!5e notice 2o##o0in/ !n !ctu!# e:-#osion to c!use !cti3it" or business
to sto- b" 2orcin/ e3!cu!tion4 I2 ! -r!n5 c!## is success2u# in c!usin/ e3!cu!tion& more t$re!ts 0i## 2o##o04
S!2et" must !#0!"s be reso#3e in 2!3or o2 e3!cu!tion4 Most bomb t$re!ts !re recei3e b" te#e-$one
o-er!tors in inustr" !n euc!tion!# 2!ci#ities4 It mi/$t !#so be e:-ecte t$!t bomb t$re!ts 0i## be recei3e
!t rumor centers& -o#ice $e!1u!rters& !n Eoint o-er!tion!# 2!ci#ities urin/ ci3i# isorers4 I2 -ossib#e& e!c$
2!ci#it" s$ou# be -ro3ie 0it$ ! te#e-$one tr!cin/ c!-!bi#it"4 Te#e-$one s0itc$bo!r o-er!tors !n ot$ers
#i5e#" to recei3e bomb t$re!ts s$ou# be tr!ine to !ccom-#is$ t$e 2o##o0in/,
e4 Acti3!te t$e te#e-$one tr!cer s"stem4
24 T$e -erson recei3in/ t$e -$one c!## m!" be t$e on#" -erson to $!3e ! con3ers!tion 0it$ t$e -erson 0$o
$!s 5no0#e/e o2 t$e e:-#osi3e e3ice4 T$ere2ore it is e:treme#" im-ort!nt t$!t t$e recei3er o2 t$e c!##
recors or 0rites o0n t$e con3ers!tion 0or 2or 0or5 so t$!t no im-ort!nt in2orm!tion is 2or/otten or
misse4 B" 0ritin/ o0n t$e e:!ct 0orin/ or e#ectronic!##" recorin/ t$e con3ers!tion& !n uti#i>in/ %BI
%orm (*1'( @Bomb T$re!t C$ec5#istA t$e -erson recei3in/ t$e c!## c!n !s5 s-eci2ic 1uestions 2rom t$e c!##er
suc$ !s,
@1A Bomb #oc!tion4
@)A Time o2 e:-#osion4
@'A .$!t 0i## c!use t$e bomb to e:-#oeO
@?A T"-e o2 e3ice& to inc#ue -$"sic!# escri-tion4
@5A Se:& !--ro:im!te !/e& !n !ttitue o2 c!##er4
@(A Str!n/e s-eec$& !ccent& etc4
@9A Distin/uis$in/ souns or b!c5/roun noises comin/ 2rom t$e c!##erFs #oc!tion4
@<A Re!son 2or t$e bomb -#!cement4
NOTE: See Figures 2-3 fr fr!" #!$ %#&' f "(e F)I )*% D#"# S(ee".
/4 In2orm t$e !--ro-ri!te -ersonne# o2 t$e t$re!t @EOD or #oc!# -o#ice bomb unitA4
$4 Actions U-on Recei-t o2 Bomb T$re!t4 U-on recei-t o2 ! bomb t$re!t& t$e res-onsib#e comm!ner
s$ou# !ccom-#is$ t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A A#ert4 Noti2" t$e necess!r" contro# 2orce e#ements& ci3i# #!0 en2orcement or mi#it!r" -o#ice& 2ire !n
meic!# ser3ice -ersonne#& uti#ities -ersonne# @0!ter& /!s& !n e#ectricit"A& !n ci3i# -o#ice bomb s1u!s
or mi#it!r" EOD units !n irect t$em to re-ort to ! st!/in/ !re! ne!r t$e t$re!tene 2!ci#it"4
@)A Iso#!te4 Est!b#is$ ro!b#oc5s or c$ec5-oints !s necess!r" to 5ee- un!ut$ori>e -ersonne# out o2 t$e
!re!4 Iso#!tion s$ou# t!5e -#!ce !t ! s!2e ist!nce 2rom t$e !re! to -re3ent !n/er 2rom !n e:-#osion4
@'A E3!cu!te4 T$e senior occu-!nt o2 t$e bui#in/ m!5es t$e ecision to e3!cu!te4 Contro# 2orces m!"
on#" m!5e ! recommen!tion to e3!cu!te4 I2 t$e ecision is m!e to #e!3e& it s$ou# be one in !n
orer#" 2!s$ion usin/ ! bomb e3!cu!tin/ -#!n& ! 2ire -#!n& or !--ro-ri!te !nnouncements !n irections
to bui#in/ occu-!nts4 Suc$ ! -#!n s$ou# n!me ! bui#in/ or !re! 0$ic$ -ro3ies s$e#ter 2rom t$e
e#ements4 C!re must be t!5en not to cre!te -!nic4 Be2ore #e!3in/ t$e bui#in/& occu-!nts s$ou# c$ec5
t$eir immei!te #oc!tions 2or !n" unusu!# or out*o2*-#!ce obEects or -!c5!/es4 Em-#o"ees s$ou# be
!3ise to t!5e t$eir brie2c!ses& o3erco!ts& !n #i5e items 0it$ t$em !s t$e" #e!3e4
@?A Or/!ni>e Se!rc$ E#ements4 Se#ecte occu-!nts o2 t$e bui#in/ @2!mi#i!r 0it$ its #!"outA !n contro#
2orce -ersonne# s$ou# be or/!ni>e into se!rc$ e#ements4 T$e" s$ou# not be e1ui--e 0it$ $!n $e#
r!ios& inste! i2 t$e" nee to communic!te 0it$ e!c$ ot$er or -ersonne# outsie t$e !n/er !re!& t$e"
s$ou# uti#i>e on t$e o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ met$os,
@!A Voice4
@bA Runners4
@cA .$ist#es4
@A %ie# -$ones4
@eA +!n si/n!#s @i2 one -oint is 3isib#e b" !##A
CAUTION: THE USE OF RADIOS DURIN+ THE SEARCH CAN )E DAN+EROUS. THE RADIO
TRANSMISSION ENER+Y CAN CAUSE AN EARLY E,-LOSION OF AN ELECTRIC INITIATOR
.)LASTIN+ CA-/.
@5A T$ere !re t0o t"-es o2 se!rc$es t$!t c!n be conucte& ! su-er3isor se!rc$ or ! se!rc$ te!m se!rc$4
@!A Su-er3isors Se!rc$, A su-er3isor se!rc$ c!n be conucte b" t$e su-er3isor !n ! 2e0
3o#unteers t$!t !re 2!mi#i!r 0it$ t$e o3er!## #!"out o2 t$e bui#in/ !n c!n be conucte 0it$out t$e
bui#in/ bein/ e3!cu!te& b" uti#i>in/ ! 1uic5D-!ce met$o to #oo5 2or sus-icious items4 T$is
se!rc$ c!n be use2u# on#" i2 t$e !re!s !re 0e## or/!ni>e !n not c#uttere4
@bA Se!rc$ Te!m Se!rc$, A se!rc$ te!m se!rc$ re1uires t$!t t$e bui#in/ be e3!cu!te unti# !2ter
t$e se!rc$ $!s been com-#ete4 T$e te!m s$ou# consist o2 t0o -ersonne# 0$o 3o#unteer !n !re
!ssi/ne to 2!mi#i!r 0it$ t$e !re! t$e" !re se!rc$in/4 It must be stresse t$!t t$e" 5no0 i2 !n obEect
is su--ose to be t$ere or not4 %or t$is re!son& #!0 en2orcement !n EOD s$ou# not conuct t$e
initi!# se!rc$ o2 t$e bui#in/4
@(A Se!rc$es s$ou# be m!e o2 -ub#ic !ccess !re!s suc$ !s uti#it" !re!s& $!##0!"s& !ministr!ti3e !re!s&
mess !re!s& outsie o2 bui#in/s& s$i--in/ or #o!in/ !re!s& 3e$ic#es -!r5e ne!r t$e 2!ci#it"& su--#"
rooms& uner st!ir0e##s& !n !ccessib#e c#osets !n stor!/e !re!s4 Sus-icious obEects or -!c5!/es 2oun
urin/ t$e se!rc$ s$ou# be re-orte4 T$e" s$ou# not be $!n#e4 E3en 0$en ! bomb is #oc!te& t$e
se!rc$ s$ou# continue since t$ere m!" $!3e been more t$!n one bomb4
i4 .$ene3er t$e bomb itse#2 or ! sus-icious obEect or -!c5!/e is 2oun& t$e EOD or ci3i# -o#ice unit s$ou#
be noti2ie !n use to estro" t$e bomb or sus-ect -!c5!/e4 %urt$er /ui!nce in t$is subEect !re! 0i## be
2oun in %M 1C*104
E4 Arson is not usu!##" t$e 2irst o2 t$e s-eci!# t$re!ts to $!--en4 Arson itse#2 is re!son!b#" e!s" to $!n#e
in t$!t 2ires c!n be seen !n t$eir si>e is re!i#" e2in!b#e4 T$e 2o##o0in/ me!sures 0i## $e#- t$e contro#
2orce in sto--in/ !rson& !rrestin/ !rsonists& !n #imitin/ t$e !m!/e resu#tin/ 2rom bot$ !cts o2 !rson !n
!ccient!# 2ires4
@1A Pre3enti3e me!sures inc#ue con3incin/ #oc!# members o2 t$e im-ort!nce o2 securit"4 T$is consists
o2 se##in/ t$em on t$e im-ort!nce o2 cre!tin/ ! securit" !tmos-$ere t$rou/$ t$e inst!##!tion o2 #i/$tin/&
!#!rms& /!tes& !n ot$er me!sures4 Once ! isorer $!s st!rte& incre!se sur3ei##!nce& t$rou/$
s!tur!tion -!tro##in/& !n st!tion!r" /u!r -osts& !n iso#!tion o2 t$e !22ecte !re! b" t$e use o2
b!rric!es !n ro!b#oc5s 0i## $e#- in contro##in/ !rson4 P!tro#s !re es-eci!##" e22ecti3e in -re3entin/
o3ert !rson& in /i3in/ noti2ic!tion o2 t$e #oc!tion o2 2ires !n conuctin/ s-ot c$ec5s o2 -ersons !ctin/
in ! sus-icious m!nner or se!rc$in/ 2or m!teri!#s !n e3ices use to set 2ires4 Ro!b#oc5s !n
b!rric!es reuce t$e mo3ement o2 -ersons in t$e !22ecte !re! !n !#so -ro3ie !n o--ortunit" 2or
se!rc$es o2 sus-icious -ersons 2or m!teri!#s !n e3ices neee 2or !rson4 Contro# 2orce comm!ners
m!" 2in it $e#-2u# to e3e#o- #ists o2 5no0n !n sus-ecte !rsonists 2rom t$e 2i#es o2 ci3i# #!0
en2orcement !/encies !n istribute t$is !t! to !## contro# 2orce -ersonne#4 Consier!tion s$ou# be
/i3en to 2ormin/ s-eci!##" tr!ine te!ms or !rson e:-erts suc$ !s s-eci!#ists 2rom -o#ice& 2ire !n
insur!nce !/encies to in3esti/!te -rom-t#" !## !cts o2 sus-ecte !rson !n !ttem-te !rson !n to $e#-
contro# 2orces !t t$e scene o2 !rson incients4
%I6URE )*'4 %BI BOMB DATA S+EET4
@)A T$e use o2 e!#" 2orce m!" be re1uire to -re3ent !cts o2 !rson 0$ic$ 0ou# c!use #oss o2 $um!n
#i2e or estruction o2 2!ci#ities 3it!# to -ub#ic s!2et"4 +o0e3er& on#" t$e minimum necess!r" 2orce s$ou#
be use& !n comm!ners !re re1uire to c!re2u##" 0ei/$ !## !#tern!ti3es !n ensure t$!t !## ot$er me!ns
$!3e been e:-ene or !re not 2e!sib#e -rior to !ut$ori>in/ t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce4
@'A Some /ener!# met$os 2or contro##in/ t$e use o2 !cce#er!nts !s st!rtin/ e3ices 2or 2ires !re !s
2o##o0s,
@!A So#icit !cti3e coo-er!tion o2 3enors o2 3!rious t"-es o2 2#!mm!b#e #i1uis4
@bA Pro3ie -o#ice -rotection to st!tions se##in/ 2ue# in t$e isturbe !re!4
@cA Limit s!#e o2 /!s in -ort!b#e cont!iners to 5 /!##ons4
@A Protect /!so#ine su--#" in ser3ice st!tions !b!none bec!use o2 ci3i# isorers4
@eA St!tion !u:i#i!r" -o#ice in un!ttene 2ire st!tions4
COUNTER*SNIPIN6
o IMMEDIATE ACTION
o TA=E COVER
o .ARN
o IDENTI%8
o REPORT
o LOCATE

%I6URE )*54 NEUTRALIPATION O% SNIPER %IRE4
'4 Sni-ers4
!4 Counter*sni-in/4
@1A So#iers committe to ci3i# isturb!nce contro# o-er!tions must be 0e##*tr!ine !n re$e!rse in t$e
1uic5 !ction t$!t must be t!5en to sto- sni-er 2ire4 Actu!# termin!tion o2 t$e sni-er s$ou# be
!ccom-#is$e b" ! s-eci!# re!ction te!m4 T$e success o2 t$is te!m 0ou# e-en u-on t$e 1u!ntit" !n
1u!#it" o2 -rior -#!nnin/ !n t$e -ro-er -re-!r!tion 2or $!n#in/ suc$ incients4 @See %i/ure )*5A
@)A Immei!te Action4 T$e ini3iu!# so#ier or contro# 2orce unit or te!m t$!t encounters sni-er 2ire
s$ou# !ccom-#is$ t$e 2o##o0in/,
@!A T!5e Co3er4 A## e:-ose -ersonne# s$ou# immei!te#" see5 co3er 0$ene3er -ossib#e4
@bA .!rn4 Noti2" !## b"st!ners to c#e!r t$e !re! or see5 co3er4
@cA Ienti2"4 Ensure t$!t sni-er 2ire $!s& in 2!ct& been encountere4 Automobi#e b!c52ires&
2irecr!c5ers& #i/$t 2#!s$es& !ccient!# 0e!-on isc$!r/es& r!nom 2irin/ b" contro# 2orces& or ist!nce
souns o2 2irin/ m!" !## be misienti2ie !s sni-er 2ire !t "our -osition4
@A Re-ort4 A2ter 3eri2"in/ t$e sni-er 2ire& in2orm t$e !--ro-ri!te -ersonne# o2 t$e situ!tion so t$!t
$e#- c!n be sent to t$e scene i2 re1uire4
@eA Loc!te4 Tr" to 2i: t$e e:!ct -osition o2 t$e sus-ecte sni-er or sni-ers4 In2orm t$e s-eci!#
re!ction te!m #e!er o2 t$e sni-erFs #oc!tion4
@2A Do not& urin/ !n" o2 t$e immei!te !ction ste-s& return t$e 2ire un#ess ! -ositi3e#" ienti2ie
t!r/et is !3!i#!b#e !n t$e re1uirements 2or t$e use o2 2orce c!n be met4 I2 2irin/ is necess!r"& it is
!ccom-#is$e b" ! se#ecte m!r5sm!n !ctin/ on orers 2rom !n o22icer or t$e senior -erson -resent44
T$e mi#it!r" #e!er must m!5e e3er" e22ort to -re3ent ! isor/!ni>e m!ss return o2 2ire t$!t 0i##
#i5e#" en!n/er innocent -ersons4 .$en cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !re bein/ use& t$e t$re!t o2
sni-er 2ire incre!ses4 Members o2 t$e contro# 2orce s$ou# be !0!re& $o0e3er& t$!t -ersons in t$e
cro0 m!" tr" to isru-t t$e 2orm!tion b" t$e use o2 #ou noises& suc$ !s 2ire0or5s or burstin/ -!-er
b!/s4 Members o2 t$e contro# 2orce s$ou# be !#ert to suc$ t!ctics to -re3ent isru-tions urin/
!ttem-ts to m!int!in orer4
b4 Securin/ t$e Are!4 A2ter t$e ini3iu!# so#ier or contro# 2orce unit or te!m $!s t!5en immei!te !ction&
ste-s s$ou# be uner*t!5en to secure t$e !re!4 In most situ!tions& $o0e3er& it 0i## be necess!r" to commit
reser3es or ot$er contro# 2orce e#ements4 Re/!r#ess o2 0$!t 2orces !re use& t$e senior member o2 t$e
e#ement res-onsib#e 2or securin/ t$e !re! s$ou# !ccom-#is$ t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A Iso#!te4 Noti2" !## contro# 2orce units not committe to t$e termin!tion o2 t$e sni-er to st!" c#e!r o2
t$e !n/er !re!4 Est!b#is$ ro!b#oc5s or c$ec5-oints to 5ee- un!ut$ori>e -ersonne# out o2 t$e !re! to
b#oc5 t$e esc!-e routes o2 t$e sni-er4 Iso#!tion s$ou# t!5e -#!ce 2!r enou/$ !0!" 2rom t$e !n/er !re! to
-re3ent e:-osure to sni-er 2ire4
@)A E3!cu!te4
@!A .$en meetin/ ! sni-er in ! #i/$t#" -o-u#!te !re! or bui#in/& m!5e !n !nnouncement !3isin/
resients to c#e!r t$e !re! or bui#in/ usin/ ! s-eci2ic e:it4 T$ose -ersonne# e:itin/ t$e bui#in/ or
!re! s$ou# be screene !n ienti2ie since t$e sni-er m!" 0e## be one o2 t$em4 .itnesses !n t$ose
sus-ecte o2 in3o#3ement 0it$ t$e sni-er s$ou# be et!ine4 Some resients m!" be un0i##in/&
un!b#e& or !2r!i to #e!3e t$e !re! or bui#in/4 A secon !nnouncement s$ou# !#so be m!e !3isin/
t$e rem!inin/ resients to see5 co3er& rem!in sti##& !n st!" !0!" 2rom e:-ose !re!s !n 0ino0s4
@bA .$en meetin/ ! sni-er in ! $e!3i#" -o-u#!te !re! or bui#in/ 0$ere e3!cu!tion is im-r!ctic!#&
m!5e !n !nnouncement to 0!rn !## resients to see5 co3er& rem!in sti##& !n st!" !0!" 2rom e:-ose
!re!s !n 0ino0s4
@cA Obser3e4 Est!b#is$ obser3!tion -osts on roo2to-s !n in 0ino0s or !E!cent $i/$ bui#in/s4
Communic!tions s$ou# be -ro3ie to t$e obser3ers4 A se#ecte m!r5sm!n& uner !--ro-ri!te
orers& m!" !#so be use 0it$ t$e obser3!tion -osts4
@A Su--ort4 Be -re-!re to -ro3ie necess!r" su--ort to t$e s-eci!# re!ction unit4 Suc$ su--ort m!"
inc#ue,
14 Est!b#is$ment o2 ! st!/in/ !re! 2or emer/enc" !n su--ort e1ui-ment !s 0e## !s 2or t$e te!m4
)4 Est!b#is$ment o2 ! comm!n !n communic!tions center 2or t$e coorin!te contro# o2 t$e
o-er!tions4
'4 Contro# o2 cro0s4
@'A Em-#o"ment o2 t$e S-eci!# Re!ction Te!m4 T$e !ctu!# se!rc$ 2or !n !--re$ension o2 ! sni-er is !
i22icu#t !n !n/erous o-er!tion4 It s$ou# be -er2orme b" ! s-eci!# re!ction unit 0$ic$ $!s been
tr!ine !n e1ui--e 2or suc$ o-er!tions4 T$e -roceures out#ine in t$is -!r!/r!-$ !re suit!b#e 2or t$e
te!m or 2or ot$er contro# 2orce e#ements !ssi/ne to termin!te sni-in/ 0$en ! te!m is un!3!i#!b#e4
@?A Est!b#is$ment o2 ! Comm!n Post4 T$e comm!n e#ement o2 t$e te!m s$ou# est!b#is$ ! centr!#
#oc!tion 2or t$e coorin!tion o2 !## e#ements4 Communic!tions s$ou# be set u- !n m!int!ine 0it$ t$e
2orce securin/ t$e !re! !n 0it$ obser3!tion -osts4 In !ition& continuous communic!tions bet0een t$e
!ction !n securit" e#ements must be m!int!ine once t$e" !re e-#o"e so t$!t t$e -ro/ress o2 t$e se!rc$
te!m c!n be monitore !n so t$!t t$e co3er te!m oes not mist!5e -ersons in t$e se!rc$ te!m 2or t$e
sni-er4
@5A De-#o" t$e Securit" E#ement4 In orer to obser3e sni-er !ctions !n !## e:its& t$e securit" e#ement
s$ou# be -ositione outsie t$e immei!te !re!4 In !ition& t$e securit" e#ement s$ou# est!b#is$ !
-re2erre route o2 entr" into t$e !re! or bui#in/ 2or use b" t$e !ction e#ement4 T$e securit" e#ementFs
se#ecte m!r5sm!n s$ou# be -ositione !t ! #oc!tion /i3in/ $im t$e best -ossib#e obser3!tion !n 2ie#
o2 2ire4 I2 necess!r"& t$e se#ecte m!r5sm!n m!" 2ire !t t$e sni-er or sni-ers 0$en t$e" c!n be -ositi3e#"
ienti2ie !s sni-ers& 0$en t$e" !re continuin/ 2ire& !n 0$en t$e re1uirements o2 t$e use o2 e!#" 2orce
!re met4 T$is 2ire s$ou# be !ccom-#is$e on#" b" t$e se#ecte m!r5sm!n uner t$e /ui!nce !n orers
o2 t$e comm!ner4
@(A Pre-!re t$e Action E#ement 2or Entr" Into t$e Are! or Bui#in/4 Pre-!r!tion s$ou# inc#ue,
@!A A brie2in/ on t$e !re! or bui#in/ t$rou/$ t$e use o2 m!-s& r!0in/s& !n 5no0#e/e!b#e
resients4
@bA E1ui-ment !n communic!tions c$ec5s4
@cA T$e issu!nce o2 !n o-er!tions orer4
@9A Pre-!re !n Issue .!rnin/s !n Instructions to t$e Sni-er4 T$e sni-er s$ou# be /i3en enou/$ time
to surrener4
@<A Attem-t to %orce t$e Sni-er Into t$e O-en4 In o-en terr!in or 0$en meetin/ ! sni-er in ! sm!##
unoccu-ie bui#in/& use cro0 contro# !/ents in !n !ttem-t to 2orce t$e sni-er into t$e o-en 0$ere $e
c!n be t!5en into custo" 0it$ #ess ris54 Be2ore usin/ cro0 contro# !/ents irect#" into t$e sni-erFs
#oc!tion& s!tur!te t$e !re!s !n rooms !E!cent to t$e sni-er4 T$is 0i## -re3ent $im 2rom usin/ un!22ecte
!re!s4
@CA I2 t$e sni-er c!nnot be 2orce out& commit t$e !ction e#ement to t$e !re! or bui#in/4
@!A .$en committin/ t$e !ction e#ement to !n o-en !re!& cro0 contro# !/ents s$ou# be use to
s!tur!te t$e !re! -rior to entr"4 T$e !ction e#ement s$ou# enter t$e !re! on one sie o2 t$e -erimeter
est!b#is$e b" t$e co3er e#ement !n t$en -rocee t$rou/$ t$e !re! to0!r t$e ot$er sie o2 t$e
-erimeter4
@bA .$en committin/ t$e !ction e#ement to ! bui#in/& t$e 2o##o0in/ met$os o2 entr" c!n be use,
14 Entr" !t t$e to-4 .$ene3er -ossib#e& bui#in/s !re entere !n se!rc$e 2rom t$e to- o0n4
A sni-er 0$o is 2orce to t$e to- m!" be cornere !n 2i/$t es-er!te#" or esc!-e o3er roo2to-sB
one 0$o is 2orce o0n to t$e /roun #e3e# m!" tr" to 0it$r!0 2rom t$e bui#in/& #e!3in/
$imse#2 o-en to c!-ture b" t$e securit" e#ement4 V!rious me!ns m!" be use to /!in entr" suc$
!s #!ers& r!in-i-es& 3ines& to//#e ro-es& /r!--#in/ $oo5s& roo2s o2 !Eoinin/ bui#in/s& or
-ub#ic uti#it" 3e$ic#es esi/ne 2or 0or5 on t!## structures4 +e#ico-ters m!" !#so be use to
e-#o" t$e !ction e#ement on to- o2 bui#in/s4
)4 Entr" on mi#e 2#oor4 Sometimes it is im-ossib#e to enter ! bui#in/ !t t$e to-4 In t$ese
inst!nces& entr" s$ou# be m!e !t t$e $i/$est -ossib#e -oint usin/ t$e tec$ni1ues escribe
!bo3e4 T$e 2#oor on 0$ic$ entr" is m!e s$ou# be t$orou/$#" se!rc$e !n secure 2irst4 T$e
!ction e#ement t$en mo3es to t$e to- 2#oor !n se!rc$es 2rom t$e to- o0n4
'4 Entr" !t t$e bottom4 .$en entr" must be m!e !t t$e /roun #e3e#& !rmore -ersonne#
c!rriers s$ou# be use to /!in entr" !n -ro3ie -rotection4 Smo5e m!" !#so be use to $ie
mo3ement4 .$en enterin/ sin/#e*stor" bui#in/s& it m!" be -re2er!b#e to use cro0 contro#
!/ents to s!tur!te t$e bui#in/ be2ore t$e !ction e#ement enters4
@cA Se!rc$ t$e Are! or Bui#in/4 A s"stem!tic se!rc$ 2or t$e sni-er must be conucte4
14 In !n o-en !re!& t$e !ction e#ement s$ou# m!neu3er !n se!rc$ uner t$e -rotection o2 co3er&
2irin/ on#" 0$en necess!r" to -rotect #i2e !n -ro-ert"4 Eit$er t$e securit" e#ement or t$e !ction
e#ement m!" use cro0 contro# !/ents to !i t$e !3!nce o2 t$e !ction e#ement4 %ire b" se#ecte
m!r5smen m!" !#so be em-#o"e& i2 necess!r"4 T$e Lb!se o2 2ireL tec$ni1ue @m!sse 2ire-o0erA
s$ou# NOT be use since it is estructi3e !n cre!tes $osti#it" !mon/ innocent -ersons 0$o
su22er -ro-ert" !m!/e or inEur"4 T$e securit" e#ement on t$e sie o2 t$e -erimeter 0$ere t$e
!ction e#ement entere t$e !re! s$ou# /r!u!##" c#ose t$e -erimeter !s t$e !ction e#ement mo3es
2or0!r4 T$e securit" e#ement on t$e o--osite sie s$ou# rem!in in -osition !s t$e LnooseL
c#oses4 T$e -ur-ose o2 t$is !ction is to 2orce t$e sni-er to 0it$r!0& #e!3in/ $im o-en to c!-ture
b" t$e securit" e#ement4 T$e tec$ni1ues use 2or termin!tin/ ! sni-er in !n o-en !re! 0i##
re1uire c#ose coorin!tion !n communic!tion bet0een !## e#ements in3o#3e4
)4 In !n unoccu-ie bui#in/& 0$en t$e sni-erFs #oc!tion is not 5no0n& !## rooms must be
se!rc$e b" !t #e!st t0o men4 One m!n m!" t$ro0 ! cro0 contro# !/ent /ren!e& t$en enter
1uic5#" !n -#!ce $is b!c5 !/!inst t$e ne!rest 0!##4 T$e secon m!n 2o##o0s !n se!rc$es t$e
room in et!i#4 T$e !ction e#ement #e!er s$ou# be 5e-t in2orme o2 t$e -ro/ress m!e4
'4 In !n occu-ie bui#in/& 0$en t$e sni-erFs #oc!tion is un5no0n& !## sus-ecte rooms must be
se!rc$e4 T$e !ction e#ement s$ou# tr" to $!3e occu-!nts submit 3o#unt!ri#" to t$e se!rc$ o2
t$eir rooms4 At t$e s!me time& occu-!nts s$ou# be 1uestione in !n !ttem-t to -in-oint t$e
sni-erFs #oc!tion4 I2 occu-!nts 0i## not submit 3o#unt!ri#" !n t$ere is -rob!b#e c!use to be#ie3e
t$!t t$e sni-er is #oc!te in t$e room ! se!rc$ s$ou# be conucte !s escribe !bo3e4
?4 In ! bui#in/& occu-ie or not& 0$ere t$e sni-erFs #oc!tion is 5no0n& t$e !ction e#ement s$ou#
-rocee irect#" to t$e immei!te !re! o2 t$e sni-erFs #oc!tion4 T$e rooms ne!r t$e sni-erFs
#oc!tion s$ou# be c$ec5e 2irst to ensure t$!t t$e sni-er $!s not mo3e4 Once t$e rooms
!E!cent to t$e sni-er $!3e been c#e!re& cro0 contro# !/ents s$ou# be introuce into t$e
sni-erFs room b" eit$er t$e !ction e#ement usin/ burstin/*t"-e /ren!es or t$e securit" e#ement
usin/ /ren!e #!unc$ers 2rom t$e outsie o2 t$e bui#in/4 T$e oor to t$e sni-erFs room s$ou#
be o-ene or& i2 necess!r"& bro5en o0n4 Be2ore enterin/ t$e room& !##o0 time 2or t$e sni-er to
e:it t$e room4 I2 $e oes not o so& -rocee 0it$ c!ution into t$e room4
54 A--re$en t$e Sni-er4 .$ene3er -ossib#e& t$e !ctu!# !--re$ension o2 t$e sni-er is #e2t to t$e
ci3i# -o#ice 0it$ $e#- -ro3ie b" mi#it!r" 2orces4
?4 Inte/r!te T!s5s4
!4 6ener!#4 T$ere !re m!n" !ition!# t!s5s 0$ic$ must be 2u#2i##e !#on/ 0it$ t$e 2i3e !ition!#
o-er!tion!# t!s5s4 Some !re more im-ort!nt t$!n ot$ers !n t$e 2o##o0in/ inc#usions b" no me!ns e:$!ust
t$e #ist o2 t$ese inte/r!te t!s5s4 T$e e:tent o2 t$eir use 0i## e-en on t$e n!ture o2 contro# 2orce
in3o#3ement in t$e ci3i# isorer4
b4 S-eci2ic T!s5s4
@1A 6!t$er& Recor& !n Re-ort D!t!4 E!c$ 2unction!# e#ement o2 t$e contro# 2orce& re/!r#ess o2 si>e&
!cts !s ! source 2or -ro3iin/ 3it!# !t! u-on 0$ic$ comm!ners !t !## #e3e#s c!n b!se t$eir ecisions4
Aition!##"& t$e re1uirements im-ose 2or !2ter*!ction re-orts& in3esti/!tions& !n ot$er !ministr!ti3e
or Euici!# !ctions m!5e it esir!b#e t$!t et!i#e unit Eourn!#s or #o/s be 5e-t b" e!c$ se-!r!te o-er!tin/
e#ement4 Consier!tion s$ou# be /i3en to n!min/ ! -erson in e!c$ s1u! or -#!toon to !ct !s ! recorer
2or t$e -ur-ose o2 5ee-in/ !n !ccur!te Eourn!# o2 t$e unitFs !cti3it"4 Personne# n!me to !ct !s recorers
s$ou# be e1ui--e 0it$ !--ro-ri!te recorin/ e3ices !n ! c!mer! !s ! minimum4
@)A A--re$en L!0 Vio#!tors4 T$e !--re$ension o2 t$e ini3iu!# #!0 bre!5er is ! 3it!# 2unction urin/
con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions bec!use o2 t$e #e/!# consier!tion in3o#3eB $o0e3er& ci3i# -o#ice
s$ou# m!5e t$e !ctu!# !--re$ension 0$ene3er -ossib#e4 .$en mi#it!r" 2orces et!in or t!5e ! ci3i#i!n
into tem-or!r" custo" $e 0i## be turne o3er to ci3i# -o#ice !s soon !s -ossib#e4 T$e !--re$enin/
ini3iu!# 0i## be re1uire to com-#ete DA %orm )90<& Recei-t 2or Inm!te or Det!inee& !t t$e co##ection
-oint4 T$is 2orm& 0$en -ro-er#" com-#ete& c!n -ro3ie ci3i# !ut$orities 0it$ !## t$e b!sic !t! re1uire
in c!se o2 -rosecution4 It 2urt$er -ro3ies 2or -ro-er contro# o2 t$ose -ersons et!ine4
@'A M!int!in Communic!tions4 E22ecti3e communic!tions bet0een !## contro# 2orce e#ements& bot$
0it$in t$e mi#it!r" c$!in o2 comm!n !n 0it$ ot$er #!0 en2orcement !/encies& must be !ssure4 R!io
e1ui-ment m!" re1uire e:tensi3e interc$!n/e bet0een mi#it!r"& st!te& !n munici-!# !/encies to -ro3ie
2or cross*!/enc" communic!tions4 Ot$er -#!nnin/ consier!tions !re t$e -ro3ision 2or !#tern!te me!ns&
suc$ !s commerci!# r!ios& -!" te#e-$ones& !n 3isu!# si/n!#s4
@?A M!int!in Mobi#e Reser3es4 T$e contro# 2orce comm!ner !n suborin!te comm!ners must $!3e
t$e !bi#it" to res-on to une:-ecte re1uirements !n to in2#uence !3erse situ!tions4 To t$is en&
mobi#e reser3e 2orces s$ou# be set u- !n 5e-t in re!iness4 Mobi#e reser3es s$ou# be #oc!te !t
secure #oc!tions c#ose to t$e isturbe !re! to -ermit em-#o"ment 0it$in minutes4 T$e reser3e 2orce
must be reconstitute 1uic5#" u-on commitment4
@5A In2orm t$e Pub#ic4 To eter t$e s-re! o2 rumors !n 2!#se !t!& t$e contro# 2orces must ensure t$e
-ub#ic is in2orme o2 t$e true n!ture !n -ur-ose o2 t$e me!sures bein/ im-ose u-on t$em4 T$is is
-!rticu#!r#" im-ort!nt 0$ere issient e#ements !re 5no0n to be -resentin/ 2!#se or istorte !t!4
Proceures must be set u- to /i3e ne0s mei! !ccess to t$e isturbe !re! !n to t$e 2!cts& i2 t$e" !re
enie t$is o--ortunit"B t$eir ne0s co3er!/e 0i## #i5e#" be b!se on s-ecu#!ti3e or 2!#se !t!4
Aition!##"& rumor contro# centers o-er!te b" t$e contro# 2orce m!" be re1uire to eter t$e s-re! o2
0or*o2*mout$ rumors4
c4 %ire2i/$tin/ T!s5 O-er!tions4
@1A 6ener!#4 In m!n" ci3i# isturb!nces& t$e e:istence o2 estructi3e 3io#ence& -!rticu#!r#" emonstr!te
b" t$e settin/ o2 2ires& re1uires t$!t et!i#e consier!tion be /i3en to t$e immei!te !n e22ecti3e
res-onse esi/ne to #imit t$e e22ect o2 suc$ estruction4
@)A %ire2i/$tin/ T!s5 %orces4 A -rim!r" 2!ctor in suc$ ! res-onse 0i## be t$e 2ire2i/$tin/ t!s5 2orce&
0$ic$ s$ou# be com-ose o2 ! number o2 -ieces o2 e1ui-ment !n t$e re1uire o-er!tion!# !n securit"
-eo-#e4 T$e conce-t is to -ro3ie ! mobi#e 2orce c!-!b#e o2 mo3in/ r!-i#"& $!3in/ enou/$ e1ui-ment
to 1uic5#" -ut out or cont!in #!r/e 2ires !n t$en mo3e on4 In orer 2or ! t!s5 2orce to be e22icient& t$e
2o##o0in/ consier!tions s$ou# be m!e,
@!A A s-eci2ic !re! o2 o-er!tion s$ou# be n!me4
@bA Se3er!# t!s5 2orces s$ou# be cre!te4
4 Securit" o2 %ire2i/$tin/ T!s5 %orces4 T$e -rim!r" mission o2 t$e 2ire2i/$tin/ t!s5 2orce is cont!inin/
2ires !n ue to t$!t tot!# commitment& t$e t!s5 2orce must e-en on ot$er !/encies 2or its securit"4
%ire2i/$tin/ -ersonne# !n e1ui-ment !re e:treme#" o-en to $!r!ssment !n !tt!c5s b" cro0s or
ini3iu!#s4 T$is mission o2 securit" 0i## norm!##" be !ssi/ne to mi#it!r" units 0$ic$ $!3e been
committe4 .$en cre!tin/ suc$ ! securit" 2orce& t0o im-ort!nt !re!s must be !resse,
@1A Si>e4 T$e si>e o2 t$e 2orce 0i## e-en u-on se3er!# 2!ctors suc$ !s,
@!A Si>e o2 t$e 2ire2i/$tin/ t!s5 2orce4
@bA Le3e# !n !mount o2 $osti#it" 2oun in t$e !re! o2 o-er!tion4
@cA A3!i#!b#e -ersonne# !n e1ui-ment t$!t c!n be !##oc!te to t$e mission4
@)A Tec$ni1ues4 Met$os o2 -ro3iin/ securit" 0i## incor-or!te ! number o2 conce-ts4
@!A Mobi#it" is ! must !n t$e best me!ns to ensure t$is is to -ro3ie t$e securit" 2orce 0it$
su22icient#" e1ui--e 3e$ic#es !n communic!tion e1ui-ment4 Ve$ic#es s$ou# $!3e 2#!s$in/&
emer/enc" #i/$ts to en!b#e t$em to mo3e s!2e#" or -ro3ie !--ro-ri!te escort 3e$ic#es4 Securit"
-ersonne# s$ou# ne3er rie or -osition t$emse#3es on 2ire 2i/$tin/ e1ui-ment4 T$e $um!nit!ri!n
@non*t$re!tenin/A im!/e must be m!int!ine in t$e -ub#ic4
@bA T$e 2o##o0in/ consier!tions s$ou# be obser3e !t t$e 2ire scene,
14 T$e mi#it!r" unit #e!er s$ou# cont!ct t$e senior 2irem!n -resent !n -ro3ie !i4
)4 A -rotecti3e coron s$ou# be est!b#is$e !roun t$e 2ire ser3ice 0$i#e it is o-er!ti3e4 T$e
coron s$ou# 2!ce out0!r !n -ersonne# s$ou# be !ssi/ne !re!s o2 res-onsibi#it"4
'4 A## 3e$ic#e !n -eestri!n tr!22ic enterin/ t$e !re! s$ou# be b#oc5e4
?4 Obser3!tion -osts s$ou# be -ositione in !n" t!## bui#in/ to -re3ent sni-er !tt!c5s4
54 An" $osti#e cro0 !cti3it" s$ou# be contro##e usin/ !--ro-ri!te cro0 contro# tec$ni1ues4
I2 necess!r"& rein2orcement s$ou# be -rom-t#" re1ueste4
(4 Process et!ine -ersonne#4
@eA Anti*#ootin/ me!sures4
6ener!#4
@1A Lootin/ m!" st!rt !t !n" time or -#!ce !s !n iso#!te incient !n 1uic5#" s-re! t$rou/$out t$e
!22ecte !re!4 %rom -re3ious ci3i# isorer& #ootin/ o2 businesses $!s emer/e !s ! -rob#em c!##in/
2or 1uic5 -re3ention !ction4 Lootin/ m!" t!5e -#!ce !t r!nom t$rou/$out t$e time t$!t !n !re! is
in turmoi#4
@)A %rom ! -re3ious iscussion 0e 5no0 t$!t #ooters !re 2rom !## 0!#5s o2 #i2eB "oun/& o#& m!#e&
!n 2em!#e4 A/!in& em-$!sis is -#!ce on t$e use o2 2orce 0$ic$ s$ou# be no more t$!n necess!r"4
@'A Lessons #e!rne 2rom 3!rious isorers $!3e s$o0n t$!t #ooters 0i## norm!##" st!rt 0it$ #i1uor
stores& !rms !n !mmunition stores& !n ru/ stores4 +o0e3er& #ooters 0i## !#so t!5e suc$ t$in/s !s
2oo& 2urniture& 0!tc$es& rin/s& c#ot$es& c!n"& te#e3ision sets& m!Eor !--#i!nces& etc4& 0$et$er t$e"
nee t$em or not4 De-!rtment stores m!" be #oote !n t$en burne in orer to estro" recors o2
mone" o0e b" t$e #ooters4
@?A Contro# o2 #ootin/4 T$e !mount o2 2orce neee !n t$e tec$ni1ues use to contro# #ootin/ 0i##
3!r" consier!b#" 0it$in t$e !re! o2 o-er!tion4 As ! /ener!# ru#e& #ootin/ s$ou# be sto--e !s
1uic5#" !s -ossib#e to -re3ent it s-re!in/ to t$ose 0$o 0ou# not norm!##" #oot e:ce-t 0$en c!u/$t
u- in t$e !ctions o2 ot$ers4 T$e 2o##o0in/ contro# me!sures 0i## $e#- in t$is obEecti3e,
@!A Iso#!tion !n contro# o2 t$e !22ecte !re! b" use o2 b!rric!es !n ro! b#oc5s to -re3ent
#ooters 2rom incre!sin/ in numbers4
@bA Est!b#is$ment o2 s!tur!tion -!tro##in/ !n st!tion!r" /u!r -osts 0it$in t$e !22ecte !re! to
-re3ent #ootin/4
@cA Juic5 !rrest !n remo3!# o2 3io#!tors4
@A T$e tec$ni1ues !--#ie !n t$e !mount o2 2orce use 0i## e-en on t$e situ!tion !n t$e
instructions issue to t$e comm!ner4 As ! /ener!# ru#e& #ooters s$ou# not be 2ire u-on
mere#" to -re3ent t$eir esc!-e4
@eA Lootin/ c!n be e:-ecte to incre!se urin/ $ours o2 !r5ness4 T$ere2ore& 2!3orite #ootin/
t!r/ets s$ou# be -!tro##e o2ten !n s-eci!# ni/$t #i/$tin/ s$ou# be use 0$en !n 0$ere3er
-ossib#e to iscour!/e o-en !cts o2 #ootin/4 In !ition& -e!5 -erios o2 #ootin/ !cti3it" s$ou#
be c!re2u##" c$!rte !n incre!se e22orts use urin/ t$ese times4
SUMMARY
Durin/ t$e course o2 t$is #esson "ou $!3e #e!rne $o0 to use cro0 contro#& counter sni-er& bui#in/ se!rc$
tec$ni1ues !n su-er3ise immei!te !ction to be t!5en u-on ! noti2ic!tion o2 !n e:-#osi3e e3ice !s 0e## !s
!ctions to be t!5en in t$e e3ent "ou come in cont!ct 0it$ !n e:-#osi3e e3ice4 Aition!##"& 0e $!3e #e!rne
t$!t con2ront!tion m!n!/ement o-er!tions re1uire contro# 2orces 0$ic$ c!n e22ecti3e#" con2ront ! 3!riet" o2
cro0s !n mobs !n m!int!in orer one it $!s been est!b#is$e4
Lesson = Test
The following questions are multiple choice and true/false. You are to select the one that is correct. Show your choice by
CIRCLI! the letter beside the correct choice directly on the page. This is a self"graded lesson e#ercise. $o not loo% up
the correct answer from the lesson solution sheet until you ha&e finished. To do so will endanger your ability to learn this
material. 'lso( your final e#amination score will tend to be lower than if you had followed this recommendation.
:. There are se&eral options for crowd control( for large non&iolent demonstrations( where decisi&e action is not possible(
the best option would be
'. $isperse.
B. Contain.
C. *onitor.
D. /loc%.
=. )hich of the following is not used in the tas% of area control-
'. +i#ed guard posts.
/. *otor patrols.
C. Curfew.
$. 'ir patrol.
9. )hen encountering an e#plosi&e de&ice( which of the following actions should be ta%en-
'. otify all personnel to clear the area.
/. Eisually e#amine de&ice to relay such information to 0,$ en route.
C. .lace sandbags around the de&ice.
$. Try to disarm de&ice.
>. )hen conducting a bomb search( search teams should consist of
A. ,nly the control force.
B. Control force and select building occupants.
C. Control force and ci&il unit.
D. ,nly the ci&il police unit.
5. $eadly force may be used in the pre&ention of arson act.
'. True.
/. +alse.
8. )hat are the two types of searches that can be conducted of a building during a bomb threat-
A. /omb Technician Search and 0,$ Search.
B. Specific area Search and !eneral 'rea Search.
C. Super&isor Search and Search Team Search.
D. +irefighter Search and 0,$ Search.
1. )hen military forces detain or ta%e a ci&ilian into temporary custody he will be turned o&er to ci&il police. The
apprehending indi&idual will be required to complete1
'. $' +orm 967; *ilitary .olice Report.
B. $' +orm >:97 0&idence/.roperty Custody $ocument.
C. $' +orm =B=9 Sworn Statement.
D. $' +orm =7<B( Receipt for Inmate or $etainee(
1. )hen committing the action element to a building( what is the preferred method of entering the building-
'. 0nter through a window.
/. 0nter from the highest entry point.
C. 0nter form the lowest entry point.
$. 0nter from the middle floor of the building.
:. )hen encountering a sniper that is firing from inside of a building( the control force should1
A. Create a team and assault the building.
B. otify the special reaction team and let them handle the situation.
C. otify the closes air base for support.
D. one of the abo&e.
10.$uring a riot( firefighting personnel and equipment are e#tremely open to harassment and attac%s by crowds or
indi&iduals.
'. True
/. +alse
L0SS, =
.R'CTIC0 0?0RCIS0
'S)0R @0Y '$ +00$/'C@
Item Correct 'nswer and +eedbac%
:. C. *onitor.
)hile monitoring... Apage =">C
=. '. +i#ed guard posts.
The techniques... Apage ="::C
9. '. otify all personnel to clear the area.
)arn. Apage =":9C
>. /. Control force and selecti&e building occupants.
Selected occupants... Apage =":;C
;. '. True.
The use of deadly force may be required to pre&ent acts ofF Apage =":BC
8. C. There are two types of searches that can be conducted( a
super&isor search or a search team search. A.age =":;C
7. $. 'll of the abo&e.
,nce a disorder... Apage =":>( para =fA:CC
B. /. 0ntry at the highest entry point. )hene&er possible( buildings are entered and
searched from the top down. Apage ="=:C
6. /. 'ctual termination of the sniper should be accomplished by a
special reaction team. Apage =":BC
:<. ' +irefighting personnel and equipment are e#tremely open to
harassment and attac%s by crowds or indi&iduals. Apage ="=9C
LESSON '
CRO.D CONTROL %ORMATIONS
OVERVIE.
LESSON DESCRIPTION,
In t$is #esson "ou 0i## #e!rn t$e 3!rious cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !n $o0 to 2orm u- So#iers into t$ose
2orm!tions4
TERMINAL LEARNIN6 OB7ECTIVE,
ACTION, Describe cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !n $o0 t$e" !re 2orme4
CONDITION, 8ou 0i## $!3e t$is subcourse4
STANDARD, To emonstr!te com-etenc" o2 t$is t!s5 "ou must !c$ie3e ! score o2 90 -ercent on t$e
subcourse e:!min!tion4
RE%ERENCES,T$e m!teri!# cont!ine in t$is #esson 0!s eri3e 2rom t$e 2o##o0in/ -ub#ic!tion, %M '*1C4154
INTRODUCTION
.e 5no0 2rom our stuies o2 t$e $istories o2 0!r t$!t success in b!tt#e is not !#0!"s etermine b" t$e number
o2 So#iers or 2ire-o0er4 Success is more o2ten etermine b" t$e isci-#ine !n tr!inin/ o2 t$e So#iers
in3o#3e4 T$is situ!tion o2ten !--#ies to ci3i# isturb!nce contro# o-er!tions bec!use our So#iers c!n be
e:-ecte to be /re!t#" outnumbere4 A s"stem o2 cro0 contro# 2orm!tions $!s been e3ise to o22set t$is
s$ort!/e o2 numbers4 It is 3it!# t$!t "ou $!3e ! t$orou/$ 5no0#e/e o2 t$is s"stem o2 2orm!tions to $e#- "ou to
e22ecti3e#" em-#o" "our unit in ! ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tion4
PART A * T8PES O% %ORMATIONS AND .EAPONS
14 6ener!#4
!4 Cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& 0$en -ro-er#" use !n e22ecti3e#" c!rrie outB re-resent one o2 t$e most
-r!ctic!# met$os o2 contro##in/ cro0s4 T$ese 2orm!tions !re es-eci!##" e22ecti3e !/!inst ! #!r/e cro0
bec!use t$e" en!b#e t$e contro# 2orces to s-#it t$e cro0 into sm!## /rou-s4 +o0e3er& comm!ners must
re!#i>e t$eir #imit!tionsB 2orm!tions !re not t$e !ns0er to !## isturb!nce situ!tions4 So#iers s$ou# not be
subEecte to unnecess!r" sni-er 2ire !n 3io#ent !cts o2 troub#em!5ers sim-#" to im-ress t$e mob 0it$ !
s$o0 o2 2orce4 .$en sm!## is-erse /rou-s !re runnin/ 0i# in !n !re! o2 o-er!tions& cro0 contro#
2orm!tions 0i## be o2 #itt#e 3!#ue in sto--in/ t$e isturb!nce4
b4 .it$ t$e e3e#o-ment o2 non #et$!# 0e!-ons @NL.A& t$e comm!ner no0 $!s more o-tions !t $is
is-os!#4 Be2ore NL.& t$e on#" ot$er c$oices 0ere c$emic!# irrit!nts& mi#it!r" 0or5in/ o/s @M.DsA& !n
#et$!# 2orce4 .it$ t$e !3!nces in NL.Fs& it is no0 -ossib#e to cre!te !n e22ecti3e st!no22 ist!nce o2 15 to
100 meters bet0een t$e cro0 !n t$e contro# 2orce4 No0 comm!ners c!n cre!te ! st!no22 ist!nce 0it$
NL. t$!t reuces t$e ris5 o2 c#ose 2i/$tin/ 0it$ t$e mob4
c4 %urt$er& 0$en ! #!r/e mob $!s been bro5en u-& t$e -rob#em is not necess!ri#" so#3e4 It s$ou# not be
!ssume t$!t rioters $!3e returne to -e!ce2u# !cti3ities4 It m!" 0e## be t$!t t$e sm!## /rou-s bre!5in/ !0!"
2rom t$e #!r/e /rou- 0i## en/!/e in sm!## mob t!ctics suc$ !s sni-in/& #ootin/& !n burnin/4 I2 suc$ !
situ!tion e3e#o-s& comm!ners s$ou# !--#" t$e t!ctics iscusse in t$e -recein/ #essons !n continue
!cti3e contro# me!sures unti# t$e" !re sure t$!t #!0 !n orer $!3e been restore4
4 Durin/ CONUS o-er!tions& t$ere !re usu!##" no enem" 2orces4 +o0e3er& t$e comm!ner must sti##
!ssess !n secure t$e !re!s o2 o-er!tions @AOsA4 T$is c!n be one b" t$e use o2 $e#ico-ters conuctin/
o3er*2#i/$ts obser3!tions or b" 3isu!##" securin/ roo2to-s& $i/$ e#e3!tions& !n !3!nt!/e -oints4 .$en
uti#i>in/ cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& t$e" c!n not on#" be uti#i>e to bre!5 u- cro0s but !#so $!3e t$e
c!-!bi#it" to m!5e !--re$ensions !n et!in cert!in -ersonne# t$!t t$e comm!ner m!" 2ee# 0i## insti/!te
t$e cro0e to 2urt$er 3io#ence4
e4 T$e m!nner o2 usin/ 2orm!tions !n NL.s& t$e !--#ic!tion o2 ! cert!in 2orm!tion to ! -!rticu#!r
situ!tion& !n t$e st!/e o2 o-er!tions !t 0$ic$ cert!in t"-es o2 !ctions 0i## be suit!b#e& !re m!tters 0$ic$
must be ecie b" comm!ners4
)4 Actions Be2ore Mo3ement
!4 Contro# 2orce 2orm!tions& 0$en -ro-er#" em-#o"e !n e:ecute !/!inst ! cro0& !re some o2 t$e most
-r!ctic!# met$os o2 cro0 contro#4 T$e riot b!ton $!s been t$e 0e!-on o2 c$oice 2or t$e contro# 2orce44
Durin/ !n" cro0 contro# o-er!tion& t$e comm!ner must -rotect t$e contro# 2orce 0it$ #et$!# o3er0!tc$4
T$is o3er0!tc$ m!" be in t$e 2orm o2 m!r5smen !n obser3er te!ms @sni-er 0it$ obser3erA !n ! res-onse
2orce 0it$ #et$!# c!-!bi#ities4
b4 Be2ore mo3in/ t$e contro# 2orce to t$e ci3i# isturb!nce !re! !n into ! -otenti!##" $osti#e urb!n
en3ironment& t$e comm!ner !n $is st!22 must re3ie0 t$e -reincient -#!ns !n e:-!n t$em @!s neeeA
b!se on current in2orm!tion4 4 Durin/ t$e -#!nnin/ -$!se& t$e in2orm!tion -ro3ie b" t$e IPB 0i## !i t$e
st!22 in se#ectin/ 3!rious routes !n r!##" -oints4 T$e se#ection o2 in/ress !n e/ress routes must inc#ue !
3!riet" o2 0!"s in !n out o2 t$e !re!4 Direct !n inirect routes !n t$ose 0it$ co3er !n conce!#ment !re
necess!r"4 T$e r!##" -oint must be c#e!re !n secure b" !n !3!nce -!rt" c!-!b#e o2 contro##in/ t$e !re!4
c4 Aition!##"& ci3i# isturb!nce tr!inin/ must be -!rt o2 t$e !nnu!# unit tr!inin/ -#!n4 I2 ! So#ier is
e-#o"e to !n !re! 0$ere ci3i# isturb!nces !re ! recurrin/ e3ent& sust!inment tr!inin/ must occur more
2re1uent#"4 Be2ore mo3in/ t$e contro# 2orce to t$e r!##" -oint& !n intense re$e!rs!# must be conucte b" t$e
#e!ers$i- !n t$e contro# 2orce4 A to-*o0n re3ie0 o2 t$e ru#es o2 en/!/ement @ROE;ru#es 2or t$e use o2
2orce @RU%A must be !ccom-#is$e4 T$e ROE;RU% must be -!rt o2 t$e unit tr!inin/ -#!n !n e!c$ So#ier
must be tr!ine to st!n!r4 T$e use o2 NL. @t"-e s-eci2icA must be /r!nte to t$e on*site comm!ner 2rom
t$e !--ro3!# !ut$orit"4
'4 Contro# %orce %orm!tions4 Dismounte cro0 contro# 2orm!tions constitute ! me!ns o2 b#oc5in/ t$e
!3!nce o2 ! mob4 T$e 3!rious cro0 contro# 2orm!tions !re too#s to be em-#o"e !s re1uire4 Norm!##"& t$e
#ine c!n be em-#o"e !/!inst !n" si>e cro0& !n t$e ec$e#on !n 0e/e !/!inst ! sm!## /rou- on ! n!rro0
2ront or in con2ine !re!s4 .$en So#iers -enetr!te ! cro0 to c!-ture one o2 its members& t$e" m!" use !
moi2ie 2orm!tion& suc$ !s ! circu#!r or ! i!mon 2orm!tion& 0it$ !t #e!st t0o un!rme so#iers insie t$e
2orm!tionB 0$en t$e 2orm!tion re!c$es t$e -erson to be sei>e& ! /!- is o-ene !n t$e un!rme so#iers -u##
t$e -erson insie4 T$ese so#iers s$ou# be e1ui--e 0it$ $!ncu22s !n;or restr!inin/ str!-s 2or use in
securin/ t$e -ersonB $o0e3er& t$e i!mon !n circu#!r 2orm!tions !re o-en to bein/ surroune b" t$e cro04
?4 Ve$ic#e !n %orm!tions4
!4 Ve$ic#es c!n be em-#o"e 0it$ So#iers in ! contro# 2orce 2orm!tion4 A#t$ou/$ 3e$ic#es m!" !
stren/t$ to t$e 2orm!tion cert!in -rec!utions s$ou# be t!5en to -rotect t$e So#iers riin/ insie t$e 3e$ic#e
suc$ !s co3erin/ t$e 0ins$ie# 0it$ stur"& c#ose mes$ 2encin/ !n st!n!r s!2et" /#!ss4 B" -#!cin/ !
0ooen or met!# 2r!me 0it$ strun/ b!rbe 0ire c!n !#so !ct !s ! b!rrier4 Aition!##"& $!3e t$e contro# 2orce
0!#5 c#ose to t$e sie o2 t$e 3e$ic#e 0i## -re3ent t$e cro0 2rom !tt!c5in/ t$e sies !n b!c5 o2 t$e
3e$ic#es4 Ve$ic#es m!" be use to obt!in s$oc5 !ctionB !s ! b!se to re#e!se cro0 contro# !/entsB or to enter
! cro0 to !rrest se#ecte insti/!tors4
b4 U-*!rmore +MM.Vs& ASVs4 or !rmore 3e$ic#es m!" be em-#o"e 0it$ t$e contro# 2orce 0$en
etermine b" t$e mission& enem"& terr!in& troo-s& time !3!i#!b#e !n ci3i#i!n consier!tions @METT*TCA4
T$ese u- !rmore or !rmore 3e$ic#e c!n $!3e ! /re!t -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect on t$e cro0 !s 0e## !s -rotect
members o2 t$e contro# 2orce4 T$e comm!ner 0$en uti#i>in/ t$ese 3e$ic#es must 5ee- in min to m!int!in
3isu!# !n contro# o2 t$e 3e$ic#e 2orm!tion4 T$e comm!ner c!n -#!ce $imse#2 t$e re!r o2 t$e 3e$ic#e
2orm!tions !n uti#i>e 3e$ic#e r!io communic!tions to t!#5 to t$e ot$er 3e$ic#es4 Aition!##"& $e m!"
$!3e to con3ert to uti#i>in/ $!n si/n!#s i2 2or some re!son r!io communic!tions !re not 0or5in/4 Eit$er
0!"& t$e uti#i>!tion o2 3e$ic#e in ! riot or emonstr!tion must be -r!ctice to be e22ecti3e4
54 T"-e o2 Cro0 Contro# %orm!tions !n T$eir Uses4
!4 Contro# 2orce 2orm!tions 0$en uti#i>e -ro-er#" c!n be !n e22ecti3e too# in cro0 contro#4 E:-erience
$!s s$o0n t$!t t$e most e22ecti3e contro# 2orce 2orm!tion is t$e #ine !n 0e/e4 T$e t0o #ess use
2orm!tions !re t$e i!mon !n circ#e4 Descri-tions o2 !## t$e 2orm!tions !re !s 2o##o0s,
@1A Line 2orm!tion, T$e #ine is t$e b!sic 2orm!tion !n it is use more o2ten bec!use o2 its o22ensi3e
!n e2ensi3e !--#ic!tions4 As !n o22ensi3e 2orm!tion& t$e #ine is use to -us$ or ri3e cro0s str!i/$t
b!c5& !cross !n o-en !re!& or u- ! cit" street4 As ! e2ensi3e 2orm!tion& t$e #ine is use to $o# t$e
cro0 or to en" !ccess to !re!s4
@)A Ec$e#on 2orm!tion, T$e ec$e#on is !n o22ensi3e 2orm!tion use to turn or i3ert /rou-s in o-en or
bui#t*u- !re!s !n to mo3e cro0s !0!" 2rom bui#in/s& 2ences& !n 0!##s4
@'A .e/e 2orm!tion4 T$e 0e/e is !n o22ensi3e 2orm!tion t$!t is use to -enetr!te !n s-#it cro0s
into sm!##er /rou-s4
@?A Di!mon 2orm!tion, T$e i!mon& 0$en use !s !n o22ensi3e 2orm!tion& is use to enter ! cro0
!n is t$e 2orm!tion o2 c$oice 2or e:tr!ction te!ms4 As ! e2ensi3e 2orm!tion& t$e i!mon is use 0$en
!##*!roun securit" is re1uire in o-en !re!s4 T$e ecision to use t$is 2orm!tion is b!se on t$e
con2orm!tion o2 t$e cro04
@5A Circu#!r 2orm!tion, T$e circu#!r 2orm!tion is use 2or t$e s!me -ur-ose !s t$e i!mon 2orm!tion4
T$e ecision to use t$is 2orm!tion is b!se on t$e con2orm!tion o2 t$e cro04
b4 E#ements o2 ! Contro# %orce %orm!tion
@1A B!se e#ement, T$e b!se e#ement is m!e u- o2 t0o r!n5s4 T$e 2irst r!n5 is s$ie# $o#ers& 0$i#e t$e
secon r!n5 cont!ins t$e NL.4 T$is is t$e 2ront #ine o2 t$e 2orm!tion4
@)A Su--ort e#ement, T$e su--ort e#ement 2orms u- in ! co#umn 2orm!tion be$in t$e b!se e#ement !n
$!s ! 3!riet" o2 uses4 It m!" be use to re-#!ce b!se e#ement members !s neee& -ro3ie #!ter!# or
irect su--ort& or -er2orm e:tr!ction te!m o-er!tions4 T$e su--ort e#ement $e#-s t$e b!se e#ement b"
-er2ormin/ t$e 2o##o0in/ t$ree essenti!# t!s5s,
@!A 6ener!# su--ort, T$e /ener!#*su--ort e#ement is 2orme 2rom !n uncommitte s1u! in t$e
-#!toon @/ener!##" t$e ) s1u!A4 .$en ! com-!n" is t!s5e !s t$e contro# 2orce e#ement& one o2 t$e
-#!toons becomes t$e /ener!#*su--ort e#ement4 T$e e#ement is in ! co#umn 2orm!tion centere on
!n be$in t$e m!in 2orm!tion4 %rom t$is 2orm!tion& t$e /ener!#*su--ort e#ement c!n mo3e to #!ter!#
or irect su--ort& !s neee4
@bA L!ter!# su--ort, T$e #!ter!# Dsu--ort e#ement is use to -rotect t$e 2#!n5s o2 t$e 2orm!tion4 T$is
is one b" mo3in/ ! set number o2 te!ms 2or0!r 2rom t$e /ener!#*su--ort e#ement or b" usin/ t$e
en te!ms in t$e 2orm!tionB $o0e3er& t$is 0i## m!5e t$e 2orm!tion sm!##er4 Once in -osition& t$ree
te!ms become -!rt o2 t$e 2orm!tion& 0it$ t$eir riot s$ie#s 2!cin/ t$e 2#!n5s o2 t$e 2orm!tion4
@cA Direct su--ort, .$en irect*su--ort is orere& t$e /ener!#*su--ort e#ement mo3es 2or0!r !s
t$e" 2orm t$eir o0n 2orm!tion4 .$i#e mo3in/ 2or0!r& t$e s1u! !n te!m #e!ers 2orm t$e contro#
2orce 2orm!tion ste- b!c5 !n !##o0 t$e riot s$ie# $o#ers 2rom t$e su--ort e#ement to ste- be$in
riot s$ie# $o#ers o2 t$e ori/in!# 2orm!tion4 T$is !##o0s t$e su--ort riot s$ie# $o#ers to 2orm u-
bet0een !n be$in t$e riot s$ie# $o#ers bet0een t$e cro0 !n NL. 2ires4 T$is 2orm!tion is t$e
stron/est o2 t$e 2orm!tions !n re1uires more -#!nnin/ !n -r!ctice to m!ster4
@A Comm!n e#ement, T$e comm!n e#ement cont!ins se3er!# i22erent members4 A /ener!#
con2i/ur!tion 2or t$e comm!n e#ement is t$e -#!toon #e!er& t$e -#!toon ser/e!nt& ! r!io o-er!tor&
! 3ieo recorer o-er!tor @is re1uireA& !n !n inter-reter @i2 re1uireA4 T$is e#ement oes not $!3e !
2i:e #oc!tion 0it$in t$e 2orm!tion !n mo3es !bout !s neee4
@eA Let$!# o3er 0!tc$ e#ements, T$e #et$!# o3er 0!tc$ e#ement is ! te!m 2orme 2rom reser3e
securit" 2orces4
(4 Norm!# Pre#imin!r" Proceure4 A s$o0 o2 2orce is o2ten ! use2u# too# 2or is-ersin/ cro0s4 .$en t$e
so#iers !rri3e !t t$e scene& t$e -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ects o2 t$eir !rri3!# c!n be uti#i>e4 So#iers s$ou# m!5e !
stron/ sur-rise !--e!r!nce usin/ t$e 2o##o0in/ -roceures,
!4 So#iers s$ou# ismount 2rom $e#ico-ters& busses& truc5s in -#!in si/$t o2 t$e cro04 C!ution must be
t!5en t$!t t$e r!##" -oint is c#ose enou/$ to t$e cro0 to -resent ! stron/ -s"c$o#o/ic!# -resents but 2!r
enou/$ !0!" 2rom t$e emonstr!tors to -re3ent or -ro3o5e !tt!c5s o2 t$ro0n obEects4

b4 T$e comm!ner s$ou# -#!ce $is #et$!# o3er 0!tc$ @esi/n!te m!r5smen QDMR te!msA in !re!s t$!t
$!3e ! /oo 2ie# o2 3ision o3er t$e cro0 !n contro# 2orce4 T$e DM te!ms c!n be sent to t$e 2#!n5s !n
s#i/$t#" to t$e 2ront o2 t$e 2orm!tion4 It is t$eir res-onsibi#it" 2or -rotect t$e contro# 2orce 2rom !n" #et$!#
!ctions on t$e -!rt o2 t$e cro0 b" continu!##" sc!nnin/ t$e cro04
c4 .$en t$e comm!ner recei3es 0or t$!t t$e DM te!ms !re in -#!ce& $e 0i## 2orm t$e contro# 2orce into !
cro0 contro# 2orm!tion !n mo3e t$em 2rom t$e r!##" -oint to 0$ere t$e emonstr!tor !re #oc!te4
De-enin/ on t$e situ!tion& t$e comm!ners s$ou# mo3e t$e contro# 2orce in ! co#umn 2orm!tion or one o2
t$e t$ree b!sic contro# 2orce 2orm!tions4
4 Reser3e 2orces nee to st!" !t t$e r!##" -oint unti# it is eeme necess!r" t$!t t$e" !re neee to rein2orce
t$e 2orm!tion or -ro3ie !ition!# #et$!# o3er 0!tc$ 2or t$e contro# 2orce 2orm!tion4
e4 T$e unit $!#ts !n rem!ins in 2orm!tion4 T$e So#iers $o# t$eir riot s$ie#s !t t$e re!" -osition 0$i#e
t$e comm!ner e#i3ers t$e -roc#!m!tion4 %o##o0in/ t$e -roc#!m!tion& t$e comm!ner in2orms t$e
-!rtici-!nts t$!t t$e" $!3e ! s-eci2ic time in 0$ic$ to com-#" 0it$ t$e orer to #e!3e4
24 I2 t$e -!rtici-!nts 2!i# to #e!3e 0it$in t$e /i3en time& t$e comm!ner uses me!sures necess!r" to bre!5 u-
t$e cro04
94 S-eci!# Pre#imin!r" Proceure4 I2 rioters !re 5no0n to be 0e##*!rme& !n inte##i/ence re-orts s$o0 t$!t
t$e" inten to o-en 2ire !s soon !s So#iers !--e!r& t$e comm!ner m!" not m!5e ! s$o0 o2 2orce& but m!"
#!unc$ ! cro0 contro# !/ent !tt!c5 2rom co3ere or $ien -ositions4
<4 Let$!# !n Non Let$!# .e!-ons Use in %orm!tions4
!4 Riot S$ie#, T$e riot s$ie# $!s been -ro3en o3er time to be t$e 2irst #ine o2 e2ense 2or ! 2orm!tion4 T$e
riot contro# s$ie# m!" !#so be use !s !n o22ensi3e 0e!-on 0$en in cont!ct 0it$ !n !//ressi3e cro04 T$e
riot s$ie# is esi/ne to 0it$st!n stri5es 2rom t$ro0n obEects4 In !ition to -rotectin/ t$e riot s$ie#
be!rer& it !#so -rotects ot$er members o2 t$e 2orm!tion 2orm t$ro0n obEects4
b4 B!ton, T$e b!ton is consiere t$e -rim!r" 0e!-on 2or cro0 contro# o-er!tions4 It is !n o22ensi3e
0e!-on !n un#i5e t$e ri2#e& t$e #oss o2 b!ton to t$e cro0 oes not cre!te ! serious t$re!t4 So#iers must be
tr!ine 0it$ t$e riot b!ton to t$e -oint t$!t its 3!rious tec$ni1ues !re !utom!tic4 T$is tr!inin/ must !#so
inc#ue #e!rnin/ t$e 3ener!b#e -oints o2 t$e $um!n bo" so t$e" c!n !3oi !re!s t$!t m!" c!use -erm!nent
inEur" or e!t$ 0$en struc5& @See %M '*1C415 2or t!r/ets !re!s o2 t$e $um!n bo"A4
c4 Ri2#e4 T$e ri2#e is t$e most -r!ctic!# 0e!-on 2or /ener!# use b" So#iers in cro0 contro# 2orm!tions i2
b!tons !re not !3!i#!b#e4 I2 t$e contro# 2orce must c!rr" t$eir !ssi/ne ri2#e it s$ou# be c!rrie !cross t$e
b!c5 0it$ t$e b!rre# -ointe to0!r t$e /roun !n t$e butt o2 t$e 0e!-on -ointe to0!r t$e s5"4
4 S$ot/un4 T$e 1)*/!u/e s$ot/un is ! -um- !ction s$ot/un current#" in non #et$!# c!-!bi#ities set @NLCSA
in3entor"4 T$e -um- !ction s$ot/un is c$!mbere to t!5e u- to '*inc$ s$e##4 T$e '*inc$ c$!mber !##o0s
2or t$e use o2 M101) !n M101' non #et$!# munitions4 T$is s$ot/un !#so -ro3ies ! 3isu!##" istinct
!#tern!ti3e to st!n!r mi#it!r" 0e!-ons t$!t m!" be esire b!se on mission consier!tions @2orce
si/n!ture !n !cce-t!bi#it"A4 A #ist o2 non#et$!# munitions t$!t c!n be uti#i>e 0it$ t$e 1)*/!/e s$ot/un !re
#iste be#o0,
@1A 1)*6!u/e& %in*St!bi#i>e Point& Non#et$!# C!rtri/e @M101)A, T$e M101) is ! sin/#e -roEecti#e
roun m!e o2 $!r rubber t$!t is s$!-e #i5e ! bomb#et !n esi/ne to be 2ire ! !t ! sin/#e t!r/et4
.it$ ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 500 2eet -er secon& t$e M101) $!s t$e e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 no c#oser t$!t 5
meters !n no 2urt$er t$!n '0 meters4 En/!/ement insie 5 meters cou# c!use serious inEur" or e!t$4
Be"on '0 meters t$e 5inetic ener/" issi-!tes to t$e -oint 0$ere t$e roun becomes ine22ecti3e4
@)A 1)*6!u/e& Cro0 Dis-ers!#& Non#et$!# C!rtri/e @M101'A, T$e M101' is ! mu#ti-#e -roEecti#e
roun 0it$ 4)' c!#iber $!r rubber -e##ets t$!t is esi/ne to be 2ire !t !n em-#o"e 0it$ t$e -ur-ose
o2 !22ectin/ mu#ti-#e t!r/ets4 .it$ ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 C00 2eet -er secon& t$e M101' $!s ! e22ecti3e
r!n/e on no c#oser t$en 5 meters !n no 2urt$er t$!t '0 meters4 En/!/ement insie 5 meters m!" c!use
serious inEur" or e!t$4 Be"on '0 meters& t$e 5inetic ener/" issi-!tes to t$e -oint 0$ere t$e rubber
-e##ets become ine22ecti3e4
@'A Rubber B!## 6ren!e @660?A, T$e 660? is ! mu#ti-#e -roEecti#e& 2#!s$*b!n/ /ren!e 0it$ 100 4)5*
c!#iber $!r rubber -e##ets4 E!c$ /ren!e $!s ! 2use e#!" o2 )4< to ' secons 0it$ ! 2#!s$ me!surin/
!--ro:im!te#" 1 mi##ion CP !n 1<0 ecibe#s !t '45 2eet4 At eton!tion& rubber -e##ets !re is-!tc$e !t
'(0S 0it$ !n e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 ) to ' meters !n ! m!:imum en/!/ement r!n/e o2 15 to )0 meters4 T$e
rubber b!## /ren!e is esi/ne to be $!n*t$ro0n or mu>>#e*#!unc$e 2rom ! 1)*/!u/e s$ot/un4
@?A Rubber B!## 6ren!e L!unc$in/ Cu- !n AA'0 1)*6!u/e L!unc$ Roun, T$e #!unc$ cu- 2irm#"
!tt!c$es to t$e 1)*/!u/e s$ot/un 0it$out !n" !ition!# too#s4 It 0or5s in concert 0it$ t$e AA'0 1)*
/!u/e #!unc$ roun to -ro-e# t$e rubber b!## /ren!e !--ro:im!te#" 100 meters4 T$e s$ooter sim-#"
inserts t$e 2u## bo" !n t$e s!2et" #e3er o2 t$e /ren!e into t$e #!unc$in/ cu-& -u##s t$e -in& #o!s ! 1)*
/!u/e roun& !n 2ires @!--ro:im!te#"A !t ! '0S !n/#e4 T$e esire e22ect is to $!3e t$e /ren!e e:-#oe
!--ro:im!te#" 9 to 10 2eet !bo3e t$e t!r/et4
e4 Sni-er ri2#e4 .$en !3!i#!b#e& e!c$ -#!toon s$ou# $!3e one sni-er ri2#e 0$ic$ is c!rrie b" ! se#ecte
m!r5sm!n to 2ire !t s-eci2ic t!r/ets !s irecte b" t$e -#!toon #e!er or com-!n" comm!ner4
24 +!n 0e!-ons4 +!n 0e!-ons m!" be c!rrie b" t$e comm!ner& ri3ers& /ren!iers& e:tr!ction te!ms&
!--re$ension te!ms& !n ot$er -ersonne# 0$en it is im-r!ctic!# to c!rr" ri2#es4 T$e" !re use -rim!ri#" !s
e2ensi3e 0e!-ons4
/4 Port!b#e is-ersers4 Current#" in t$e NLCS numerous c$emic!# is-enser !re !3!i#!b#e 2or use urin/ !
emonstr!tion4 Some o2 t$ese -ort!b#e c$emic!# is-ensers !re mentione be#o0,
@1A Ini3iu!# riot Contro# A/ent Dis-erser @M'(A, T$e M'( cont!ins ! Diben> so#ution4 It c!n e#i3er
)5 one*secon bursts out to 1) 2eet4 Ini3iu!# is-os!b#e Riot contro# A/ent@ RCAA is-erser !re
intene -rim!ri#" 2or se#2*e2ense or to 5ee- rioter out o2 !rmFs re!c$ o2 so#iers conuctin/ cro0
contro# 2orm!tions or So#iers en/!/e in missions 0$ere ! noncomb!t!nt e:ist4
@)A Misi>e Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-erser @M'9A, T$e M'9 is t$e si>e o2 ! st!n!r 2ire e:tin/uis$er
t$!t uses com-resse !ir to 2orce t$e RCA out to ! r!n/e o2 '0 2eet4 It $!s t$e c!-!cit" to em-#o" 1<
burst 2or ' secons -er c$!r/e4 It is e:ce##ent 2or -ro3iin/ ! 0ie co3er!/e o2 RCA onto $osti#e cro0
0$i#e m!int!inin/ e:ce##ent st!no22 c!-!bi#ities4
@'A S1u! Riot Contro# Dis-enser @M''A1A, T$e M''A1 is esi/ne to -ro3ie cro0 contro# !n
-rotection !t t$e s1u! #e3e#4 It is c!-!b#e o2 -roEectin/ ! b!##istic stre!m o2 RCAs be"on )5 2eet in u-
to )5 $!#2*secon bursts4 It consists o2 ! 2r!me !n $!rness !ssemb#"& com-resse*/!s c"#iner @!/ent
cont!iner !ssemb#"A& !ir -ressure !ssemb#"& /un !n $ose& !ssemb#"& mutiEet s-r!" unit& !n c$ec5 3!#3e
!ssemb#"4 T$e M''A1 c!n be re2i##e !n is rec$!r/e!b#e4
$4 M)'? Riot Contro# L!unc$er, T$is -roEecti#e 2ire 2rom t$e M)'? #!unc$er $!s su22icient momentum to
c!use -!in !n iscom2ort in orer to eter ini3iu!# 3io#ent rioters 0it$ minimum -ossibi#it" o2 -roucin/
inEur"4 %or more etermine or 2!n!tic!# rioters& t$e s"stem c!n !#so use ! roun t$!t 0i## is-erse ! te!rin/
@CSA !/ent 0$i#e it $its t$e -erson4 T$e M)'? m!:imum r!n/e 2or ! -oint t!r/et is ?0 meters !n !re!
t!r/et is (0 meters4 On#" !n M1(A1 0it$ c#ose en 2#!s$ su--ressor c!n be use 2or t$e M)'?4 T$e M)'?
is sc$eu#e to be moi2ie !t e-ot #e3e# 2or t$e M1(A)4
i4 M)0' /ren!e #!unc$er4 T$e M)0' /ren!e #!unc$er 2irin/ t$e CS c!rtri/e is use to en/!/e se#ecte
-oint or sm!## !re! t!r/ets !t ! r!n/e o2 )00*?00 meters4 Aition!##"& ot$er t$e 2o##o0in/ non#et$!#
munitions m!" be use 0it$ t$e M)0',
@1A ?0*Mi##imeter S-on/e 6ren!e @M100(A, T$e M100( is ! sin/#e -roEecti#e roun m!e o2 -#i!b#e
2o!m rubber 0it$ ! $!r -#!stic b!c54 T$e M100( is esi/ne to be !ime !n 2ire !t ! sin/#e t!r/et4
.it$ ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 )(5 2eet -er secon& t$e M100( $!s !n e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 no c#oser t$!n 10
meters !n no 2urt$er t$!n 50 meters4 En/!/ements insie 10 meters cou# c!use serious inEur" or e!t$4
Be"on 50 meters& t$e 5inetic ener/" issi-!tes to t$e -oint 0$ere t$e roun becomes ine22ecti3e4
@)A ?0*Mi##imeter Cro0 Dis-ers!# C!rtri/e, T$e cro0 is-ers!# c!rtri/e @CDCA is ! mu#ti-#e
-roEecti#e roun 0it$ 4?< c!#iber $!r rubber b!##s t$!t is esi/ne to be 2ire !n em-#o"e 0it$ t$e
-ur-ose o2 !22ectin/ mu#ti-#e t!r/ets4 .it$ ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 ?50 2eet -er secon& t$e CDC $!s !n
e22ecti3e r!n/e o2 no c#oser t$!n 10 meters !n no 2urt$er t$!n '0 meters4 En/!/ement insie 10 meters
cou# c!use serious inEur" or e!t$ !n be"on '0 meters t$e 5inetic ener/" issi-!tes unti# t$e rubber
b!##s become ine22ecti3e4
E4 M9 ((*Mi##imeter L!unc$er 0it$ M'15 Inst!##!tion =it, T$e M9 is ! ((*mi##imeter 3e$ic#e* mounte&
NL& /ren!e*#!unc$in/ e3ice t$!t is mounte on ! +MM.V4 It is !n inirect 2ire su--ort s"stem t$!t c!n
e#i3er t$e MC< istr!ction /ren!e t$!t cre!tes ! 2#!s$*b!n/ e22ect& LC(A1 !ntiriot /ren!e& or MCC b#unt
tr!um! /ren!e t$!t cre!tes ! stin/*b!## e22ect4 T$e M'15 inst!##!tion 5it is use to inst!## !n M9 isc$!r/er
on t$e turret rin/ o2 !--ro-ri!te +MM.V 3!ri!nts4 An !Eust!b#e br!c5et !##o0s t$e #!unc$ !n/#e to be
e-resse 2or en/!/in/ t!r/ets !t r!n/es o2 50& 95& !n 100 meters4 T$e s"stem en2orces st!no22 ist!nces
!n eters -otenti!# t$re!ts4
C4 Position 2or C!rr"in/ .e!-ons4 At t$e iscretion o2 t$e unit comm!ner& t$e So#iers m!" c!rr" t$eir
0e!-ons in !n" o2 t$e -ositions -rescribe b" %M '*)1454 T$e escri-tions !n i##ustr!tions /i3en be#o0
-ert!in to t$e 1)*/!u/e -um- s$ot/un4 T$e 2o##o0in/ -ositions !re use !s inic!te,
!4 S!2e*-ort !rms4
@1A Comm!n4 PORT ARMS @t0o count mo3ementA4
@)A Position @see %i/ure '*1A4
@!A On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution ARMS& /r!s- t$e s$ot/un b!rre# 0it$ $e ri/$t $!n !n r!ise t$e
s$ot/un i!/on!##" !cross t$e bo"& 5ee-in/ t$e e#bo0 o0n @0it$out str!inA4
@bA T$e #e2t $!n 0i## /r!s- t$e $!n /u!r !t t$e b!se o2 t$e stoc54
@cA On count t0o& re/r!s- t$e s$ot/un !t t$e sm!## o2 t$e butt stoc5 0it$ t$e ri/$t $!n4 +o# t$e
s$ot/un i!/on!##" !cross t$e bo"& !bout ?*inc$es 2rom t$e 0!ist4
@A U--er #e2t !rm is -!r!##e# to t$e /roun& !n 2ore!rm is !s -er-enicu#!r to t$e /roun !s bo"
con2orm!tion -ermits4
@eA E#bo0s !re $e# !s c#ose to t$e bo" !s bo" con2orm!tion -ermits4
@2A +ee# o2 t$e ri2#e butt is $e# s#i/$t#" to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e 0!ist be#t buc5#e4
@/A .e!-on is $e# Eust i!/on!##" enou/$ !cross t$e bo" to -ermit t$e -erson to #oo5 str!i/$t to
t$e 2ront o3er t$e ri/$t sie o2 t$e stoc54
@'A Use4
@!A T$e s!2e*-ort -osition is e:treme#" use2u# in m!5in/ ! s$o0 o2 2orce be2ore rioters4 T$e !bo3e
mentione c!rr"in/ -osition is t$e -rim!r" met$o o2 c!rr"in/ 0e!-ons in t$e contro# 2orce
2orm!tion4 It !##o0s t$e So#ier to contro# bot$ ens o2 t$e 0e!-on 0$i#e mo3in/ in !n out o2 t$e
2orm!tion !n !3!ncin/ t$e cro04
%I6URE '*14SA%E*PORT ARMS
@bA So#iers mo3e into !n /!t$er 2rom !## cro0 contro# 2orm!tions 0it$ 0e!-ons in t$e s!2e*-ort
-osition4 T$e comm!n s!2e*-ort !rms is /i3en 0$i#e t$e So#iers !re in co#umn -rior to e:ecution
o2 !n" cro0 contro# 2orm!tion4 So#iers 0i## !utom!tic!##" !ssume t$e -ort -osition be2ore
re!ssemb#" 2rom ! cro0 contro# 2orm!tion4
@cA Comm!ners s$ou# use t$e s!2e*-ort -osition to im-ress rioters4 +o0e3er& So#iers s$ou# not
be re1uire to m!int!in t$e -osition 2or e:tene -erios o2 time !s it is 3er" tirin/4
b4 +i/$*-ort !rms4
@1A Comm!n4 +i/$*-ort !rms @t0o countA4
@)A Position @see %i/ure '*)A4
%I6URE '*)4 +I6+*PORT ARMS
@!A Ri/$t $!n /r!s-s t$e 0e!-on on sm!## -ortion o2 t$e stoc5B t$e uner !n inner -!rt o2 t$e
2ore!rm !/!inst t$e to- o2 t$e stoc5B t$e s$ot/un is $e# !cross t$e bo"4
@bA Le2t $!n /r!s-s t$e $!n /u!r !t t$e most com2ort*!b#e -oint 2or0!r o2 t$e b!#!nce -ointB #e2t
!rm is s#i/$t#" bent4
@cA Bot$ t$e ri/$t !n #e2t !rms !re r!ise to #i2t t$e s$ot/un !--ro:im!te#" ( to < inc$es $i/$er t$!t
t$e s!2e*-ot -osition4
@A .$en !t t$e $!#t& t$e 2eet !re com2ort!b#" !-!rt& toes -ointe !t rioterB 5nees s#i/$t#" bentB bo"
#e!nin/ s#i/$t#" 2or0!rB !n t$e $i- #e3e#4
@?A Use4
@!A T$e $i/$*-ort -osition is ! -osition o2 com-#ete re!iness4 It is use 0$ene3er So#iers !re in
cont!ct 0it$ ! cro0 t$!t is s$o0in/ resist!nce or is not 0it$r!0in/4 4
@bA Comm!ners s$ou# rest So#iers !t e3er" o--ortunit" b" usin/ #ess tirin/ -ositions4 T$e L$i/$*
-ort !rmsL -osition is too tirin/ to m!int!in 2or #on/ -erios o2 time4
PART B * Unit Or/!ni>!tion 2or Cro0 Contro# %orm!tions
NOTE: T(e fr*#"i!s &0ere$ i! "(is 1ess! .22-*#! s3u#$, 4-s3u#$ 51#"!, 3-s3u#$ 51#"!, 3-
51#"! &*5#!6 7i"( 4-s3u#$ 51#"!s/ #re fr i11us"r#"i! !16, #!$ #re !" i!"e!$e$ " re3uire
u!i" rerg#!i8#"i!.
14 Comm!ns4
!4 Or!# comm!ns4
@1A Comm!ns !re /i3en to t$e contro# 2orce 2orm!tion or!##" or 0it$ $!n si/n!#s4 Or!# comm!ns 2or
t$e on*/u!r -osition !re /i3en in one count4 A## ot$er comm!ns !re /i3en I to0 count& ! -re-!r!tor"
comm!n !n ! comm!n o2 e:ecution4 I2 t$e comm!nersF or!# comm!ns c!nnot be $e!r b" t$e
contro# 2orce $e m!" $!3e to uti#i>e $!n si/n!#s4
@)A I2 3e$ic#es !re in t$e 2orm!tion& r!ioFs become !n !#tern!te met$o 2or re#!"in/ comm!ns4 T$e
comm!ner m!" uti#i>e bot$ or!# !n $!n si/n!#s to im-ro3e $is communic!tions 0it$ t$e contro#
2orce4
b4 +!n si/n!#s4 .$en necess!r"& $!n si/n!#s s$ou# be use b" comm!ners in conEunction 0it$ or!#
comm!ns4 +!n si/n!#s 2or cro0 contro# 2orm!tions m!" be /i3en !s 2o##o0s,
@1A Line4 R!ise bot$ !rms to t$e sie unti# $ori>ont!#& !rms !n $!ns e:tene& -!#ms o0n4 @See
%i/ure '*'4A
@)A Ec$e#on ri/$t @#e2tA, E:ten one !rm ?5*e/rees !bo3e !n t$e ot$er ?5*e/rees be#o0 t$e
$ori>ont!#& -!#m to t$e 2ront4 T$e u--er !rm s$o0s t$e irection o2 ec$e#on 0$en t$e comm!ner 2!ces
t$e 2orm!tion4 @See %i/ures '*? A
@'A .e/e, E:ten bot$ !rms o0n0!r !n to t$e sies o2 !n !n/#e !--ro:im!te#" ?5*e/rees be#o0
t$e $ori>ont!#& -!#ms to t$e 2ront4 @See %i/ure '*54A
@?A Di!mon, E:ten bot$ !rms !bo3e t$e $e!& e#bo0s bent s#i/$t#" !n 2in/erti-s touc$in/4 @See
%i/ure '*(4A
@5A Circ#e, 6i3e t$e i!mon si/n!#& t$en /i3e ! circu#!r motion 0it$ t$e ri/$t $!n4
@See %i/ure '*9A
NOTE, +!n si/n!#s inic!te b" t$e si#$ouettes !re !s i2 2!cin/ t$e 2orm!tion4

%I6URE '*'4 LINE4 %I6URE '*?4 EC+ELON RI6+T or LE%T4

%I6URE '*54 .ED6E4 %I6URE '*(4 DIAMOND4
%I6URE '*94 CIRCLE4
)4 C!ence4
!4 T$e norm!# c!ence 2or mo3ement into !n !ssemb#" 2rom !## cro0 contro# 2orm!tions is oub#e time
@1<0 ste-s -er minuteA4
b4 T$e norm!# c!ence 2or mo3ement o2 So#iers 0$i#e in !n" cro0 contro# 2orm!tion is 1uic5 time @1)0
ste-s -er minuteA4 .$i#e in t$e on*/u!r -osition& t$e c!ence is !--ro:im!te#" (0 ste-s -er minute4 %or
-s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect& !n on*/u!r ste- m!" be e:ecute b" !ccentu!tin/ e!c$ ste- on t$e #e2t 2oot 0it$ !
resounin/ st!m-4
c4 C!ence m!" be incre!se or ecre!se !t t$e iscretion o2 t$e unit comm!ner to meet 3!r"in/
situ!tions4
4 A unit m!" be orere into or !ssemb#e 2rom cro0 contro# 2orm!tions 2rom t$e $!#t or 0$i#e m!rc$in/4
As e!c$ m!n re!c$es $is -ro-er -osition& $e !utom!tic!##" 2!ces in t$e irection o2 t$e unitFs intene
!3!nce !n comes to ! $!#t4 +e rem!ins !t t$e $!#t in t$e s!2e*-ort -osition !n !0!its 2urt$er orers4
'4 Position o2 Comm!ner !n Le!ers4
!4 .$en in co#umn& t$e comm!ner !t e!c$ ec$e#on norm!##" !ssumes $is -osition !t t$e $e! o2 t$e
co#umn4
b4 .$en in cro0 contro# 2orm!tion& s1u! #e!ers !n t$eir te!ms& -#!toon #e!ers !n te!ms& !n
com-!n" comm!ners t!5e -ositions in t$e re!r o2 t$e !ss!u#t e#ements o2 t$eir res-ecti3e units 0$ere t$e"
c!n best irect !n contro# t$eir units4 In t$e i##ustr!tions o2 cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& t$e -#!toon !n
s1u! #e!ers !re not s$o0n uni2orm#" in orer to i##ustr!te t$e 2#e:ibi#it" o2 t$eir -ositions be$in t$e
2orm!tions4 T$e s"mbo#s #iste be#o0 !re ! 5e" to ienti2" So#iers 0it$in cro0 contro# 2orm!tions @see
%i/ure '*<A4
c4 .$en in co#umn& messen/ers @r!io o-er!torsA& se#ecte m!r5smen& is-ersers& !n ot$er members o2
-#!toon $e!1u!rters norm!##" t!5e -ositions !t t$e re!r o2 t$e co#umn4
4 .$en ! unit is in ! cro0 contro# 2orm!tion& $e!1u!rters -ersonne#& !t t$e iscretion o2 t$e unit
comm!ner& !re -ositione ne!r t$e comm!ner4 I2 t$e situ!tion -re3ents t$is& t$e" m!" be -ositione
be$in t$e !ss!u#t e#ement4
%I6URE '*<4 =e" To S"mbo#s Use to Ienti2" so#iers 0it$in A Cro0 %orm!tion4
?4 Inter3!# !n Dist!nce4
!4 Inter3!# is t$e #!ter!# s-!ce bet0een e#ements4 Dist!nce is t$e s-!ce bet0een e#ements in ! co#umn4 T$e
usu!# inter3!# !n ist!nce bet0een so#iers in contro# 2orce 2orm!tions is '0 inc$es4 T$e inter3!# !n
ist!nce c!n be !Euste b!se on METT*TC4 I2 t$e cro0 $!s to be -$"sic!##" -us$e b!c5& ! c#ose inter3!#
is -re2erre4 T$is !##o0s t$e riot s$ie#s to be o3er#!--e& cre!tin/ ! stron/er 0!##4 Durin/ -e!ce2u#
emonstr!tions& t$e inter3!# cou# incre!se to oub#e !rm 0it$& !##o0in/ t$e 2orm!tion to co3er more !re!
!n sti## contro# t$e cro04 T$e inter3!# !n ist!nce cou# c$!n/e se3er!# times urin/ t$e course o2
o-er!tions be2ore t$e cro0 is is-erse4
b4 In !n" ec$e#on 2orm!tion 0it$ norm!# inter3!# !n ist!nce& t$e !n/#e m!e b" t$e 2orm!tion !n t$e
route o2 !3!nce 0i## be !--ro:im!te#" ?5 e/rees4 T$e !n/#e 2orme b" t$e t0o 0in/s o2 !n" 0e/e
2orm!tion 0i## be !--ro:im!te#" C0 e/rees 0$en norm!# inter3!# !n ist!nce !re use4
54 M!s5in/ Proceures4 .$en it is necess!r" to use cro0 contro# munitions to bre!5 u- !n unru#" mob& or
0$en inte##i/ence inic!tors -oint to mob use o2 c$emic!#s& -rotecti3e m!s5s 0i## $!3e to be 0orn4 A 5e"
consier!tion in t$is re/!r is not to bre!5 2orm!tions 0$i#e So#iers !re m!s5in/4 Consistent 0it$ t$e securit"
o2 t$e So#ier& !n" o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ met$os m!" be use4
!4 E3er" ot$er m!n ro-s b!c5 one or t0o -!ces& ons $is m!s5& t$en resumes $is -#!ce in t$e 2orm!tion4
T$e ot$er $!#2 o2 t$e 2orm!tion t$en -er2orms t$e s!me !ct4
b4 Rem!inin/ in 2orm!tion& So#iers in e3er" ot$er s1u! -ut on t$eir m!s5s4 T$en rem!inin/ So#iers on
t$eir m!s5s4
c4 I2 t$ere is su22icient s-!ce bet0een So#iers !n ! cro0& !## men m!" on t$eir m!s5s !t t$e s!me time4
4 Reser3e units -ut on m!s5s !n re-#!ce units in t$e #ine4 T$is !ct is re-e!te unti# !## So#iers !re
m!s5e !n ! ne0 reser3e is constitute4
e4 .$en c$emic!#s $!3e been use b" rioters& or e!r#" use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents is !ntici-!te b" t$e
comm!ner& So#iers m!" be orere to m!s5 -rior to commitment4
PART C * S1u! %orm!tions
14 6ener!#4 .$en e:ecutin/ s1u! cro0 contro# 2orm!tions 2rom t$e co#umn& t$e s1u! #e!er t!5es one or
more ste-s to t$e ri/$t !n 2!ces $is s1u!4 As $e /i3es $is -re-!r!tor" comm!n& $e -oints to t$e #oc!tion !t
0$ic$ $e esires t$e 2orm!tion to be 2orme4 I2 $e oes not -oint& t$e s1u! 2orms on t$e -osition o2 t$e
number ) m!n @b!se m!nA o2 t$e s1u!4
)4 S1u! Line4
!4 Comm!n4 LS1u! Line %orm!tion& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e A te!m #e!er #e!s t$e b!sem!n to t$e -#!ce inic!te b"
t$e s1u! #e!er4 T$e s1u! members !#i/n t$emse#3es in se1uence 0it$ t$e b!sem!n !t norm!# inter3!#s4
B!se on t$e situ!tion& t$e s1u! #e!er m!" esi/n!te ! s-eci2ic inter3!#4 +e oes t$is 0$en $e /i3es t$e
-re-!r!tor" comm!n4 I2 no inter3!# is s-eci2ie& t$e s1u! !utom!tic!##" 2orms usin/ t$e norm!# inter3!#4
@See %i/ure '*CA4
%I6URE '*C4 S1u! Line
'4 S1u! Ec$e#on Ri/$t or Le2t4
Comm!n4 MS1u! Ec$e#on Ri/$t @or Le2tA& Mo3e4L On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e A te!m
#e!er -#!ces t$e b!sem!n !t t$e #oc!tion inic!te b" t$e s1u! #e!er4 T$e s1u! members !#i/n t$emse#3es in
se1uence 0it$ t$e b!sem!n& one -!ce to t$e sie !n one -!ce to t$e re!r4 @See %i/ure '*10A4
%i/ure '*104 S1u! Ec$e#ons Ri/$t Le2t !n Ri/$t4
?4 S1u! .e/e4
!4 Comm!n4 LS1u! .e/e& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 At t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e b!se m!n !3!nces to t$e -osition n!me b" t$e s1u!
#e!er4 E3en*numbere men !#i/n t$emse#3es in se1uence on t$e b!se m!n& one -!ce to t$e ri/$t !n one
-!ce to t$e re!r o2 e!c$ -recein/ m!n4 O*numbere men !#i/n t$emse#3es in se1uence on t$e b!sem!nB
one -!ce to t$e #e2t !n one -!ce to t$e re!r o2 e!c$ -roceein/ m!n @see %i/ure '*11A4
%I6URE '*114 S1u! .e/e4
54 Di!mon !n Circ#e %orm!tions4
!4 T$e i!mon !n circ#e 2orm!tions !re use urin/ e:tr!ction te!m o-er!tions4 T$e" !re sm!##
2orm!tions use to -enetr!te t$e cro0 or co3er sm!## !re!s4 T$e ecision on 0$ic$ 2orm!tion to use is
b!se on METT*TC !n t$e !bi#it" o2 t$e s1u! to -er2orm4
b4 Comm!ns 2or 2ormin/ ! s1u! in ! i!mon or circ#e 2orm!tion is MS1u! Di!mon @or Circ#eA& Mo3e4N
On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e A te!m #e!er mo3es t$e b!sem!n to t$e -#!ce inic!te b" t$e s1u!
#e!er4 T$e A*te!m #ines u- to t$e #e2t o2 t$e b!sem!n& co3erin/ t$e < to 1) oGc#oc5 -ositions4 B*te!m
members !#i/n t$emse#3es to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e b!sem!n& co3erin/ t$e 1) to ? oGc#oc5 -ositions4 C te!m
members !#i/n t$emse#3es co3erin/ t$e ? to < oGc#oc5 -ositions @see %i/ure '*1)A4
%i/ure '*1)4 Di!mon !n circ#e In2orm!tion4
(4 Assemb#in/ ! S1u!4
!4 .$en !ssemb#in/ ! s1u! 2rom t$e #ine 2orm!tion& t$e s1u! #e!er t!5es ! -osition ! su22icient ist!nce
to t$e re!r o2 t$e s1u! !n comm!ns& MS1u! Assemb#e4N At t$e s!me time& $e r!ises $is ri/$t $!n in t$e
!ir !n m!5es ! circu#!r motion4 S1u! members& 0$o $e!r t$e comm!n& !utom!tic!##" come to t$e -ort
!rms -osition4 T$e A te!m #e!er !n t$e b!sem!n o !n !bout*2!ce mo3ement4
b4 T$e ot$er s1u! members 2!ce to0!r t$e b!sem!n4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution MMo3e&N t$e s1u!
#e!er -oints to t$e -#!ce 0$ere $e 0!nts t$e s1u! to !ssemb#e4 T$e A te!m #e!er oub#e*times to t$e
esi/n!te s-ot& !n t$e ot$er members o2 t$e s1u! 2o##o0 $im4 Te!m #e!ers 2!## into t$e 2i#e in t$eir
esi/n!te -ositions !s t$e" mo3e to t$e AA4 To !ssemb#e 2rom ! s1u! ec$e#on 2orm!tion& t$e ste-s !re t$e
s!me !s ! #ine 2orm!tion4
c4 To !ssemb#e 2rom ! s1u! 0e/e 2orm!tion& t$e s1u! #e!er t!5es t$e s!me ste-s !s 2or t$e #ine !n
ec$e#on 2orm!tions4 B te!m members o ! $!#2 #e2t 2!ce& !n t$e A te!m !n C te!m members o ! $!#2 ri/$t
2!ce4 T$e C te!m -!uses !t t$e b!sem!n -osition !n !##o0s t$e B te!m to c#e!r t$e 2orm!tion be2ore
mo3in/ to t$e AA4
4 To !ssemb#e 2rom ! s1u! i!mon or circ#e 2orm!tion& t$e s1u! #e!er t!5es t$e s!me ste-s !s $e
0ou# 2or ! #ine 2orm!tion4 T$e A te!m #e!s t$e s1u! to t$e AA 2o##o0e b" t$e B te!m !n t$en t$e C
te!m4 Te!ms 2!## into ! co#umn 2orm!tion !s t$e" 2i#e b!c5 to t$e AA4
PART D * P#!toon %orm!tions @? S1u!A
14 6ener!#4 P#!toon $e!1u!rters s$ou# consist o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ ini3iu!#s,
!4 P#!toon #e!er4
b4 P#!toon ser/e!nt4
c4 R!io O-er!tor or messen/er
4 .$en irecte b" t$e -#!toon #e!er& ot$er -ersons& suc$ !s m!r5sm!n& inter-reters& RCA is-enser
o-er!tors& !n 2ire2i/$ters m!" !e to or become ! -!rt o2 t$e -#!toon $e!1u!rters4
e4 In 2ormin/ !## contro# 2orce 2orm!tions 2rom t$e co#umn& t$e -#!toon #e!er mo3es to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e
-#!toon !n 2!ces t$em 0$en /i3in/ $is comm!ns4 +e /i3es t$e $!n*!n*!rm si/n!# !n t$e -re-!r!tor"
comm!n4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution MMo3e&N $e -oints to t$e !--ro:im!te #oc!tion 0$ere $e 0!nts t$e
-#!toon to 2orm4 T$e -#!toon #e!er -!uses bet0een t$e -re-!r!tor" comm!n !n t$e comm!n o2
e:ecution to !##o0 e!c$ s1u! #e!er to issue ! -re-!r!tor" comm!n to $is s1u!4
)4 P#!toon Line4
!4 Comm!n4 LP#!toon on Line& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 Immei!te#" 2o##o0in/ t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e
1st !n ?t$ s1u!s comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e ) !n ' s1u!s comm!n MSt!n
%!st4N On t$e -#!toon #e!erFs comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s mo3e 2or0!r to t$e -oint
esi/n!te b" t$e -#!toon #e!er4 T$e 1st A te!m member o2 t$e 1
st
s1u! is t$e b!sem!n 2or t$e -#!toon
2orm!tion4 T$e 1st s1u! 2orms ! s1u! #ine to t$e #e2t o2 t$e b!sem!n !n t$e ?t$ s1u! 2orms ! s1u! #ine
to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e b!sem!n 0it$ !## #ines resse to t$e ri/$t4 A2ter t$e 1st !n ?
t$
s1u!s $!3e c#e!re t$e
-#!toon& t$e ) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e ) s1u! 2orms ! s1u! #ine to t$e #e2t o2
t$e 1st s1u!4 T$e ' s1u! 2orms ! s1u! #ine to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e ?t$ s1u!4 A## s1u!s ress 0it$ t$e ?t$
s1u!4 @%i/ure '*1'A4
'4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion Assemb#"4
!4 .$en !ssemb#in/ 2rom t$e -#!toon #ine 2orm!tion& t$e -#!toon #e!er !n $is +J -ersonne# t!5e !
-osition to t$e re!r o2 t$e -#!toon4 +e t$en /i3es t$e comm!n& MP#!toon Assemb#e&N 0$i#e r!isin/ $is ri/$t
!rm !n m!5in/ ! circu#!r motion !bo3e $is $e!4
b4 E:ecution4 P#!toon members !utom!tic!##" !ssume t$e -ort !rms -osition4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!er !n t$e
b!sem!n o !n !bout*2!ce mo3ement4 A## ot$er -#!toon members o !n !bout*2!ce mo3ement to0!r t$e
b!sem!n4 On t$e -#!toon #e!erFs comm!n o2 e:ecution& $e -oints to 0$ere $e 0!nts t$e -#!toon to
!ssemb#e4 +e comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me&N !n mo3es $is s1u! to0!r t$e AA4 T$e 1st s1u! 2i#es to t$e
b!sem!n -osition& 2o##o0e b" t$e ) s1u!4 As t$e ) s1u! c#e!rs t$e b!sem!n -osition& t$e ?t$ s1u!
#e!er t$en comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me&N !n #e!s $is s1u! to t$e AA& 2o##o0e b" t$e ' s1u!4 As t$e 1st
s1u! comes to ! $!#t 2!cin/ t$e cro0 in t$e AA& t$e ) s1u! !ssumes its -osition to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e 1st
s1u!4 As t$e ?t$ s1u! !ssemb#es& it resses on t$e 1st s1u!& #e!3in/ s-!ce 2or t$e ' s1u! to return to its
-#!ce in t$e 2orm!tion4 Once t$e -#!toon is 2orme into ! co#umn 2orm!tion& +J -ersonne# t!5e t$eir
-osition in t$e 2orm!tion4 T$e PS6 t$en comm!ns& MCounterco#umn& M!rc$&N !n mo3es t$e -#!toon to t$e
r!##" -oint4
%I6URE '*1'4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ %our S1u!s
?4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ 6ener!# Su--ort4
!4 6ener!# Su--ort4 .$ene3er t$e comm!n 2or est!b#is$in/ ! cro0 contro# 2orm!tion cont!ins t$e
-$r!se& IN SUPPORT .it$out Moi2ic!tion& it me!ns t$!t t$e su--ort e#ement is to rem!in in /ener!#
su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) !n ' S1u!s in Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s e:ecute t$e #ine& 0$i#e t$e ) !n ' s1u!s rem!in in t$e
co#umn4 To !ssemb#e ! -#!toon 0it$ t0o s1u!s in /ener!# su--ort& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t o2
t$e -#!toon #ine& e:ce-t t$!t t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s ress on 0it$ t$e ) !n ' s1u!s4 @See %i/ure '*
1?A4
%I6URE '*1?4 P#!toon Line .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in 6ener!# Su--ort4
b4 L!ter!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) !n ' S1u!s in L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e ?t$ !n 1st s1u!s e:ecute t$e #ine !s be2ore& !n t$e ) !n ' s1u!s st!n 2!st4
A2ter t$e #ine $!s been 2orme& t$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e ) !n ' s1u!s comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e
) s1u! 2orms ! co#umn be$in t$e #!st m!n o2 t$e 1st s1u!4 T$e ' s1u! 2orms ! co#umn be$in t$e
#!st m!n o2 t$e ?t$ s1u!4
@'A S1u!s m!" be mo3e 2rom /ener!# su--ort to #!ter!# su--ort !t !n" time b" t$e -#!toon #e!er4 +e
comm!ns& M) !n ' S1u!s& L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N To $!3e t$e ) !n ' s1u!s Eoin t$e #ine 2rom
eit$er su--ort -osition& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) !n ' S1u!s& E:ten t$e Line& Mo3e4N T$e
) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e s1u!s set u-
ini3iu!# #ines& c#osin/ !n ressin/ 0it$ t$e e:istin/ #ine4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon 2rom ! -#!toon #ine
0it$ #!ter!# su--ort& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t o2 t$e -#!toon #ine& e:ce-t #!ter!# su--ort s1u!s
2!ce 2or0!r unti# t$e" mo3e to t$e AA4 @See %i/ure '*15A4
%I6URE '*154 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in L!ter!# Su--ort4
c4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ Direct Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st

!n ?t$ s1u!s e:ecute ! #ine !s be2ore4 T$e ) !n ' s1u!s e:ecute ! ) #ine
irect#" to t$e re!r !n centere on t$e 1st #ine4 T$e members in t$e irect su--ort #ine co3er t$e
inter3!#s bet0een members in t$e b!se#ine4 To o t$is& t$e s1u! !n te!m #e!ers o2 t$e 1st !n ?t$
s1u!s must t!5e t0o ste-s to t$e re!r to !##o0 s-!ce 2or t$e ) !n ' s1u!s to mo3e into -#!ce4 A2ter
seein/ t$e s1u! !n te!m #e!ers mo3e b!c5 2rom t$e #ine& ) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0
Me&N !n #e! t$eir s1u!s into -osition4 @see %i/ure '*1(A
%I6URE '*1(4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort
4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ One Su--ort S1u!4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ' S1u! in Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st s1u! mo3es out !n e:ecutes ! s1u! #ine4 T$e ) !n ?t$ s1u!s 2orm ! #ine
on t$e sie o2 t$e #e2t !n ri/$ts sies o2 t$e 1st s1u!4 T$e ' s1u! rem!ins in co#umn 2orm!tion4 T$e
su--ort s1u! m!" be use in #!ter!# su--ort on one or bot$ sies o2 t$e 2orm!tion or in irect su--ort o2
!n" se/ment o2 t$e 2orm!tion4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t o2 ! -#!toon
#ine& e:ce-t t$!t !## s1u!s ress 0it$ t$e ' s1u!4
54 P#!toon Ec$e#on Ri/$t !n Le2t %orm!tions4
!4 Comm!n4 LP#!toon Ec$e#on Ri/$t& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 A2ter t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!er o2 t$e 1st s1u!
comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e )& '& !n ?t$ s1u!s comm!n& MSt!n %!st4N On t$e
comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st s1u! mo3es out !n e:ecutes !n ec$e#on ri/$t !t t$e #oc!tion esi/n!te b"
t$e -#!toon #e!er4 As e!c$ s1u! c#e!rs t$e co#umn& t$e ne:t successi3e s1u! mo3es out !n e:tens t$e
ec$e#on t$!t $!s been 2orme4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t o2 ! -#!toon #ine&
e:ce-t t$!t !## s1u!s 2i#e b!c5 in orer4
c4 T$e comm!n 2or 2ormin/ ! -#!toon ec$e#on #e2t 2orm!tion is MP#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t& Mo3e4N T$e
-#!toon ec$e#on #e2t is 2orme in t$e s!me m!nner !s t$e ec$e#on ri/$t& but in re3erse orer @see %i/ure '*
19A4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t o2 !n ec$e#on ri/$t4 @See %i/ures '*1<& '*1C&
!n '*)0& 2or e:!m-#es o2 ec$e#on 2orm!tions 0it$ su--ort4A
%I6URE '*194 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion .it$ %our S1u!s
4
%I6URE '*1<4 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in 6ener!# Su--ort
%I6URE '*1C4 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion .it$ ) S1u! in L!ter!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*)04 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort4
(4 P#!toon .e/e4
!4 Comm!n4 LP#!toon 0e/e& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 A2ter t$e -#!toon #e!erGs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u! #e!ers comm!n&
M%o##o0 Me4N At t$e s!me time& t$e ) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& MSt!n %!st4N On t$e -#!toon
#e!erGs comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s mo3e irect#" to t$e 2ront4 .$en t$e #!st members o2
t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s c#e!r t$e ) !n ' s1u!s& t$e ) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n
mo3e out to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t4 T$e 1st s1u! e:ecutes !n ec$e#on #e2t on t$e b!sem!n !n t$e ?t$ s1u!
e:ecutes !n ec$e#on ri/$t4 T$e ) s1u! 2orms !n ec$e#on #e2t on t$e #!st m!n o2 t$e 1
st
s1u!4 T$e ' s1u!
2orms !n ec$e#on ri/$t on t$e #!st m!n o2 t$e ?t$ s1u!4 T$is com-#etes t$e 0e/e 2orm!tion4 @see %i/ure '*
)1A

%I6URE '*)14 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ %our S1u!s4
94 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ 6ener!# Su--ort4
!4 6ener!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 LP#!toon .e/e& ) !n ' S1u!s in Su--ort& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 T$e comm!n 2or 2ormin/ ! -#!toon 0e/e 2orm!tion 0it$ t0o s1u!s in su--ort is
MP#!toon .e/e& ) !n ' S1u!s in Su--ort& Mo3e4N T$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s e:ecute t$e 0e/e 0$i#e
t$e ) !n ' s1u!s rem!in in co#umn 2orm!tion4 @see %I6URE '*))A
%I6URE '*))4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ %our S1u!s
b4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ L!ter!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 P#!toon .e/e& ) !n ' S1u!s in L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s e:ecute t$e 0e/e 0$i#e t$e ) !n ' s1u!s st!n 2!st4 A2ter
t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s $!3e c#e!re t$e co#umn& t$e ) !n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N
!n mo3e out to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t4 T$e ) s1u! 2orms ! co#umn 2orm!tion be$in t$e #!st m!n o2 t$e
1st s1u!4 T$e ' s1u! 2orms ! co#umn 2orm!tion be$in t$e #!st m!n o2 t$e ?t$ s1u!4 @see %i/ure '*
)'A
@cA To mo3e t$e ) !n ' s1u!s 2rom /ener!# to #!ter!# su--ort& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M)
!n ' S1u!s& L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4L To $!3e t$e ) !n ' s1u!s Eoin t$e 0e/e 2rom /ener!# or
#!ter!# su--ort& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) !n ' S1u!s& E:ten t$e .e/e& Mo3e4L T$e )
!n ' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n mo3e out to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t to e:ten t$e 0e/e on
t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s4
%i/ure '*)'4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in L!ter!# Su--ort
c4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ Direct Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 P#!toon .e/e& ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 T$e comm!n 2or 2ormin/ ! -#!toon 0e/e 0it$ t0o s1u!s in irect su--ort is
MP#!toon .e/e& ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort& Mo3e4L T$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s e:ecute ! 0e/e4
T$e ) !n ' s1u!s e:ecute ! 0e/e !n c#ose in on t$e #e!in/ 0e/e4 T$e members in t$e
su--ortin/ 0e/e co3er t$e inter3!#s bet0een members in t$e #e!in/ 0e/e4 To o t$is& t$e s1u! !n
te!m #e!ers o2 t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s must t!5e t0o ste-s to t$e re!r to !##o0 s-!ce 2or t$e ) !n '
s1u!s to mo3e into -#!ce4 A2ter seein/ t$e s1u! !n te!m #e!ers mo3e b!c5 2rom t$e #ine& t$e ) !n
' s1u! #e!ers comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n #e! t$eir s1u!s into -osition4 To mo3e t$e ) !n '
s1u!s b!c5 to /ener!# su--ort& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) !n ' S1u!s Su--ort& Mo3e4L
T$en t$e ) !n ' s1u!s mo3e to t$eir /ener!# su--ort -ositions4 @see %i/ure '*)?A
@'A To !ssemb#e ! -#!toon 2rom ! -#!toon 0e/e 0it$ irect su--ort& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$!t
o2 ! -#!toon 0e/e& e:ce-t t$!t t$e ) s1u! !ssemb#es 2irst& 2o##o0e b" t$e '& 1st& !n ?t$ s1u!s4
%I6URE '*)?4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ ) !n ' S1u!s in Direct Su--ort
4
4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion .it$ One Su--ort S1u!4
@1A Comm!n4 P#!toon .e/e& ' S1u! in Su--ort& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st s1u! mo3es out !n e:ecutes ! s1u! 0e/e4 T$e ) !n ?t$ s1u!s 2orm
ec$e#ons #e2t !n ri/$t on t$e 1st s1u!4 T$e ' s1u! rem!ins in t$e co#umn 2orm!tion4
<4 P#!toon Di!mon !n Circ#e %orm!tions4
!4 Comm!n4 LP#!toon Di!mon @or Circ#eA& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st

s1u! #e!er mo3es t$e b!sem!n to t$e #oc!tion
inic!te b" t$e s1u! #e!er4 T$e b!sem!n becomes t$e 1) oGc#oc5 -osition4 T$e 1st s1u! #ines u- to t$e
#e2t o2 t$e b!sem!n co3erin/ t$e C to 1) oGc#oc5 -ositions4 T$e ?t$ s1u! !#i/ns t$emse#3es to t$e ri/$t o2
t$e b!sem!n co3erin/ t$e 1) to ' oGc#oc5 -ositions4 T$e ' s1u! !#i/ns itse#2 co3erin/ t$e ' to ( oGc#oc5
-ositions4 T$e ) s1u! !#i/ns itse#2 co3erin/ t$e ( to C oGc#oc5 -ositions4
c4 To !ssemb#e ! -#!toon 2rom ! -#!toon i!mon or circ#e 2orm!tion& t$e +J e#ement uses t$e s!me
-roceures !s t$!t o2 ! #ine 2orm!tion4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!s t$e -#!toon b!c5 to t$e AA 2o##o0e b" t$e )&
'& !n ?t$ s1u!s4 T$e s1u!s 2!## into ! co#umn 2orm!tion !s t$e" 2i#e b!c5 to t$e AA4
C4 Assemb#in/ ! P#!toon4
!4 Comm!n4 LP#!toon Assemb#e& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 T$e -#!toon #e!er mo3es out to t$e re!r o2 $is -#!toon4 As $e /i3es $is -re-!r!tor"
comm!n& $e -oints to t$e #oc!tion !t 0$ic$ t$e -#!toon is to !ssemb#e4 I2 $e oes not -oint& t$e -#!toon
!ssemb#es irect#" in 2ront o2 its -resent #oc!tion4 Immei!te#" 2o##o0in/ t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor"
comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!ers mo3e to t$e $e! o2 t$eir res-ecti3e s1u!s !n comm!n %OLLO. ME4 At
t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e s1u!s 2o##o0 t$eir res-ecti3e s1u! #e!ers to t$eir !--ro-ri!te -ositions to
2orm ! -#!toon co#umn4
104 Re#ie2 E#ements in P#!ce4 Durin/ cro0 contro# o-er!tions& t$e -#!toon #e!er m!" rot!te $is s1u!s to /i3e
t$em ! rest4 +e is not #imite to usin/ on#" t$ose s1u!s s-eci2ie in t$e -recein/ e:!m-#es !s t$e #e!
e#ements o2 t$e 2orm!tions4 +e c!n re-#!ce t$e b!se e#ements b" comm!nin/ irect su--ort to t$e 1st s1u!
!n t$en irectin/ t$e 1st s1u! into /ener!# su--ort4 T$e su--ort e#ement @t$e ) s1u!A t$en -!sses t$rou/$
t$e 1st s1u!4 Once& t$e ) s1u! is 2orme irect#" be$in t$e 1st s1u!& t$e 1st s1u! #e!er comm!ns&
MRi/$t %!ce4L T$e members o2 t$e 1st s1u! o ! ri/$t*2!ce mo3ement !n t$e ) s1u! ste-s 1uic5#" t$ou/$
t$e 1st s1u! !n 2orms t$e b!se 2orm!tion4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!er t$en comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me&N !n #e!s $is
s1u! to t$e /ener!# su--ort -osition4 T$is -roceure is o2ten necess!r" 0$en -rotecti3e m!s5s !re use !n
c$emic!# irrit!nts em-#o"e4 T$e 1st s1u! t$en re-#!ces t$e ' s1u! in t$e s!me m!nner4 P#!toons
-!rtici-!tin/ in com-!n" o-er!tions !re re#ie3e in t$e s!me m!nner4
114 T$ree DS1u! P#!toon %orm!tions4
!4 6ener!#4
@1A P#!toon $e!1u!rters s$ou# consist o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ ini3iu!#s,
@!A P#!toon Le!er4
@bA P#!toon Ser/e!nt4
@cA R!io O-er!tor or messen/er4
@)A .$en irecte b" t$e -#!toon #e!er& ot$er -ersons& suc$ !s m!r5sm!n& inter-reters& RCA is-enser
o-er!tors& !n 2ire2i/$ters m!" !e to or become ! -!rt o2 t$e -#!toon $e!1u!rters4
@'A In 2ormin/ !## contro# 2orce 2orm!tions 2rom t$e co#umn& t$e -#!toon #e!er mo3es to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e
-#!toon !n 2!ces t$em 0$en /i3in/ $is comm!ns4 +e /i3es t$e $!n*!n*!rm si/n!# !n t$e
-re-!r!tor" comm!n4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution MMo3e&N $e -oints to t$e !--ro:im!te #oc!tion
0$ere $e 0!nts t$e -#!toon to 2orm4 T$e -#!toon #e!er -!uses bet0een t$e -re-!r!tor" comm!n !n
t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution to !##o0 e!c$ s1u! #e!er to issue ! -re-!r!tor" comm!n to $is s1u!4
b4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion4
@1A Comm!n4 LP#!toon on Line& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 Immei!te#" 2o##o0in/ t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!ers o2
t$e 1st !n ' s1u!s /i3e t$e comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e #e!er o2 t$e ) s1u! /i3es t$e comm!n&
MSt!n %!st4N On t$e -#!toon #e!erFs comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st !n ' s1u!s mo3e 2or0!r to t$e
-oint esi/n!te b" t$e -#!toon #e!er4 T$e 1st te!m member o2 t$e 1st s1u! is t$e b!sem!n 2or t$e
-#!toon 2orm!tion4 T$e 1st s1u! 2orms ! s1u! #ine to t$e #e2t o2 t$e b!sem!n 0$i#e t$e ' s1u! 2orms
! s1u! #ine to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e b!sem!n !n resses 0it$ t$e 1st s1u!4 A2ter t$e 1st !n ' s1u!s $!3e
c#e!re t$e -#!toon& t$e ) s1u! #e!er /i3es t$e comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e ) s1u! s-#its !n t$e
A !n B te!ms 2orm ! #ine to t$e ri/$t o2 t$e ' s1u!4 @see %i/ure '*)5A
@'A Assemb#in/ 2orm ! -#!toon Line %orm!tion4 .$en !ssemb#in/ t$e -#!toon 2rom t$e -#!toon #ine
2orm!tion& t$e -#!toon #e!er !n $is +J -ersonne# t!5e ! -osition to t$e re!r o2 t$e -#!toon4 +e t$en
/i3es t$e comm!n& MP#!toon Assemb#e&N 0$i#e r!isin/ $is ri/$t !rm !n m!5in/ ! circu#!r motion
!bo3e $is $e!4 P#!toon members !utom!tic!##" !ssume t$e -ort !rms -osition4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!er !n
t$e b!sem!n o !n !bout 2!ce4 T$e ' s1u! #e!er mo3es to t$e $e! o2 $is s1u!4 A## ot$er members
o !n !bout*2!ce mo3ement to0!r t$e b!sem!n4 On t$e -#!toon #e!erFs comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e
-#!toon #e!er -oints to 0$ere $e 0!nts t$e -#!toon to !ssemb#e4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!er /i3es t$e
comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n mo3es $is s1u! to0!r t$e AA4 T$e s1u! mo3es to m!5e ! sin/#e 2i#e
#ine to t$e b!sem!n -osition 2o##o0e b" t$e C te!m o2 t$e ) s1u!4 As t$e 1st s1u! c#e!rs t$e
b!sem!n -osition& t$e ) s1u! #e!er comes to ! $!#t !t t$e b!sem!n -osition4 T$e ' s1u! #e!er
/i3es t$e comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n #e!s $is s1u! to t$e AA 2o##o0e b" t$e A !n B te!ms o2 t$e
) s1u!4 T$e A te!m #e!er o2 t$e ) s1u! comes to ! $!#t !t t$e b!sem!n -osition4 Once t$e '
s1u! $!s c#e!re t$e b!sem!n -osition& t$e ) s1u! #e!er /i3es t$e comm!n& M%o##o0 Me&N !n
#e!s $is s1u! to t$e AA4 T$e ) s1u! re!ssemb#es into t$eir ori/in!# co#umn 2orm!tion !s t$e" mo3e
to t$e AA4 As t$e 1st s1u! comes to ! $!#t @2!cin/ t$e cro0A in t$e AA& t$e ' s1u! resses 0it$ t$e
1st s1u! !n #e!3es s-!ce 2or t$e ) s1u! to return to its -#!ce in t$e 2orm!tion4 Once t$e -#!toon is
2orme into ! co#umn 2orm!tion& +J -ersonne# t!5e t$eir -osition in t$e 2orm!tion4 T$e PS6 t$en /i3es
t$e comm!n& MCounter*co#umn M!rc$&N !n mo3es t$e -#!toon to t$e r!##" -oint4
%i/ure '*)54 P#!toon Line %orm!tion
c4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion 0it$ 6ener!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) S1u!s in Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ' s1u!s o2 t$e -#!toon #ine 0it$ /ener!# su--ort e:ecute t$e #ine& 0$i#e
t$e ) s1u! rem!ins in t$e co#umn4 To !ssemb#e ! -#!toon 0it$ ! s1u! in /ener!# su--ort& t$e
-roceure is t$e s!me !s t$e -#!toon #ine& e:ce-t t$!t t$e 1st !n ' s1u!s ress 0it$ t$e ) s1u!4
%I6URE '*)(4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ 6ener!# Su--ort
4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ L!ter!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) S1u! in L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ' s1u!s e:ecute t$e #ine !s be2ore& !n t$e ) s1u! st!ns 2!st4 A2ter t$e
#ine $!s been 2orme& t$e ) s1u! #e!er /i3es t$e comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e A !n B te!ms mo3e
to t$e ri/$t 2#!n5 0$i#e t$e s1u! #e!er !n t$e C te!m mo3e to t$e #e2t 2#!n5 o2 t$e 2orm!tion4 T$e )
s1u! 2orms co#umns be$in t$e #!st men on t$e #ine 2orm!tion4 I2 no irection is /i3en& t$e ) s1u!
s-#its to co3er bot$ 2#!n5s4 A s1u! m!" be use to co3er one 2#!n5 b" /i3in/ t$e comm!n& M) S1u!
Ri/$t @or Le2tA L!ter!# Su--ortN @see %i/ure '*)9A4
@'A T$e ) s1u! m!" be mo3e 2rom /ener!# to #!ter!# su--ort !t !n" time b" t$e -#!toon #e!er4 T$e
-#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) S1u!& L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N To $!3e t$e ) s1u! Eoin t$e #ine 2rom
eit$er su--ort -osition& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) S1u!& E:ten t$e Line& Mo3e4N T$e )
s1u! #e!er comm!ns M%o##o0 Me4N On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e s1u!s set u- ini3iu!# #ines&
c#osin/ !n ressin/ on t$e e:istin/ #ine4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon 2rom ! -#!toon
%I6URE '*)9 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ L!ter!# Su--ort @Ri/$tA
e4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ Direct Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Line& ) S1u! in Direct Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ' s1u!s e:ecute ! #ine !s be2ore4 T$e ) s1u! e:ecutes ! s1u! #ine
irect#" to t$e re!r !n centere on t$e 1st #ine4 T$e men in t$e su--ortin/ #ine co3er t$e inter3!#s
bet0een t$e men in t$e 1st #ine4 To o t$is& t$e s1u! !n te!m #e!ers o2 t$e 1st !n ' s1u!s must
t!5e t0o ste-s to t$e re!r to !##o0 s-!ce 2or t$e ) s1u! to mo3e into -#!ce4 A2ter seein/ t$e s1u! !n
te!m #e!er mo3e b!c5 2rom t$e #ine& t$e ) s1u! #e!er comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me&N !n #e!s $is s1u!
into -osition @see %i/ure '*)<A4
@'A To !ssemb#e ! -#!toon 0it$ irect su--ort& t$e -roceure is t$e s!me !s t$e -#!toon #ine& e:ce-t t$!t
t$e ) s1u! mo3es to t$e AA 2irst4 To !ssemb#e t$e su--ort s1u!s 2rom !n" -osition to /ener!#
su--ort& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) S1u! in Su--ort& Mo3e4N T$e ) s1u! t$en returns to !
co#umn be$in t$e #ine 2orme b" t$e ot$er t0o s1u!s4
%i/ure '*)<4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion .it$ Direct Su--ort
24 P#!toon Ec$e#on Ri/$t !n Le2t %orm!tions4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Ec$e#on Ri/$t& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 A2ter t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!er o2 t$e 1st s1u!
comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me4N T$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e ) !n ' s1u!s comm!n& MSt!n %!st4N On t$e
comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st

s1u! mo3es out !n e:ecutes !n ec$e#on ri/$t !t t$e #oc!tion esi/n!te
b" t$e -#!toon #e!er4 As t$e 1st s1u! c#e!rs t$e co#umn& t$e ' !n ) s1u!s e:ten t$e ec$e#on4 T$e
) s1u! -er2orms su--ort to t$is 2orm!tion in t$e s!me 0!"s it su--orts ! #ine 2orm!tion4
@'A T$e comm!n 2or 2ormin/ ! -#!toon ec$e#on #e2t is MP#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t& Mo3e4N T$e -#!toon
ec$e#on ri/$t is 2orme in t$e s!me m!nner !s t$e ec$e#on #e2t4 @%i/ures '*)C& '*'0 !n '*'1 s$o0
su--ort 2orm!tions in ! #e2t ec$e#onA4
@?A Assemb#"4 To !ssemb#e t$e -#!toon& t$e comm!ner t!5es $is -osition to t$e re!r o2 t$e 2orm!tion
0it$ t$e -#!toon +J4 On t$e -re-!r!tor" comm!n& MP#!toon Assemb#e&N t$e 1st s1u! #e!er oes !n
!bout*2!ce mo3ement 0$i#e !## ot$er members !ssume t$e -ort !rms -osition !n 2!ce t$e b!sem!n4 On
t$e comm!n& MMo3e&N t$e 1st s1u! mo3es 2irst& 2o##o0e b" t$e ' !n ) s1u!s4 E!c$ s1u! resses
0it$ t$e 1st s1u! !s it re!c$es t$e AA4 T$e !ssemb#" o2 t$e ec$e#on ri/$t 2orm!tion is t$e s!me !s t$e
ec$e#on #e2t4
%i/ure '*)C4 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion
%i/ure '*'0 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion 0it$ )e S1u! in 6ener!# Su--ort
%i/ure '*'14 P#!toon Ec$e#on Le2t %orm!tion .it$ ) S1u! in L!ter!# Su--ort4
%i/ure '*')4 P#!toon Le2t 0it$ ) s1u! in Direct Su--ort4
/4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon .e/e& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 A2ter t$e -#!toon #e!erFs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& t$e s1u! #e!ers o2 t$e 1st !n '
s1u!s comm!n& M%o##o0 Me4N At t$e s!me time& t$e ) s1u! #e!er comm!ns& MSt!n %!st4N On
t$e -#!toon #e!erFs comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s mo3e irect#" to t$e 2ront4 T$e 1st
s1u! e:ecutes !n ec$e#on #e2t on t$e b!sem!n 0$i#e t$e ' s1u! e:ecutes !n ec$e#on ri/$t4 .$en t$e
#!st m!n o2 t$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s c#e!r t$e ) s1u!& t$e ) s1u! #e!er comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me&N !n
mo3es out to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t4 T$e ) s1u! s-#its !n t$e A !n B te!ms /o to t$e ri/$t !n t$e C
te!m /oes to t$e #e2t to e:ten t$e 2orm!tion @see %i/ure '*''A4
@'A Assemb#" o2 t$e 0e/e 2orm!tion is t$e s!me !s t$e -#!toon #ine4
%i/ure '*''4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion
$4 P#!toon 0e/e %orm!tion 0it$ 6ener!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 LP#!toon 0e/e& ) S1u! in Su--ort& Mo3e4L
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1
st
!n ' s1u!s e:ecute t$e 0e/e 0$i#e ) s1u! rem!ins in! co#umn 2orm!tion
@see %i/ure '*'?A
%i/ure '*'?4 P#!toon 0e/e %orm!tion 0it$ ) S1u! in 6ener!# Su--ort4
i4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion 0it$ L!ter!# Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon .e/e& ) S1u! in L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ' s1u!s e:ecute t$e 0e/e 0$i#e t$e ) s1u! st!ns 2!st4 A2ter t$e 1st
!n ' s1u!s $!3e c#e!re t$e co#umn& t$e ) s1u! #e!er comm!ns& M%o##o0 Me4N I2 no irection is
/i3en& t$e ) s1u! s-#its to co3er bot$ 2#!n5s4 A s1u! m!" be use to co3er one 2#!n5 b" comm!nin/&
M) S1u! Ri/$t @or Le2tA L!ter!# Su--ortN @see %i/ures '*'5 !n '*'(A4
@'A To mo3e t$e ) s1u! 2rom /ener!# su--ort to #!ter!# su--ort& t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M)
S1u!& L!ter!# Su--ort& Mo3e4N To $!3e t$e ) s1u! Eoin t$e 0e/e 2rom /ener!# or #!ter!# su--ort&
t$e -#!toon #e!er comm!ns& M) S1u!& E:ten t$e .e/e& Mo3e4N To e:ten t$e 0e/e& t$e )
s1u! s-#its !n t$e te!ms mo3e to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t& res-ecti3e#"4
%i/ure '*'54 P#!toon 0e/e %orm!tion 0it$ ) S1u! in L!ter!# Su--ort

%i/ure '*'(4 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion 0it$ ) s1u! in Ri/$t L!ter!# Su--ort
E4 P#!toon .e/e 2orm!tion .it$ Direct Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon .e/e& ) S1u! in Direct Su--ort& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 T$e 1st !n ' s1u!s e:ecute ! 0e/e4 T$e ) s1u! 0!its 2or t$e s1u! !n;or te!m
#e!ers to mo3e to t$e re!r& !s in t$e #ine 2orm!tion& be2ore e:ecutin/ ! 0e/e irect#" be$in !n
centere on t$e m!in 2orm!tion4 T$e ini3iu!#s in t$e su--ortin/ 0e/e co3er t$e inter3!#s bet0een
ini3iu!#s in t$e #e!in/ 0e/e @see %i/ure '*'9A4
%i/ure '*'94 P#!toon .e/e %orm!tion 0it$ ) S1u! in Direct Su--ort4
54 P#!toon Di!mon !n Circ#e %orm!tions4
@1A Comm!n4 MP#!toon Di!mon @or Circ#eA& Mo3e4N
@)A E:ecution4 On t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& t$e 1
st
s1u! #e!er mo3es t$e b!sem!n to t$e -#!ce
inic!te b" t$e s1u! #e!er4 T$e b!sem!n becomes t$e 1) oGc#oc5 -osition 0$i#e t$e 1st s1u! #ines
u- to t$e #e2t o2 t$e b!sem!n co3erin/ t$e < to 1) oGc#oc5 -ositions4 T$e ' s1u! !#i/ns itse#2 to t$e
ri/$t o2 t$e b!sem!n& co3erin/ t$e 1) to ? oGc#oc5 -ositions !n t$e ) s1u! !#i/ns itse#2& co3erin/ t$e ?
to < oGc#oc5 -ositions @see %i/ures '*'< !n '*'CA4
@'A To !ssemb#e 2rom ! -#!toon i!mon or circ#e 2orm!tion& t$e +J e#ement t!5es t$e s!me ste-s !s
t$!t o2 ! #ine 2orm!tion4 T$e 1st s1u! #e!s t$e -#!toon b!c5 to t$e AA 2o##o0e b" t$e ) !n '
s1u!s4 S1u!s 2!## into ! co#umn 2orm!tion !s t$e" 2i#e b!c5 to t$e AA4
%i/ure '*'<4 P#!toon Di!mon %orm!tion4
%i/ure '*'C4 P#!toon Circ#e %orm!tion4
#4 Assemb#in/ ! P#!toon4 A '*s1u! -#!toon is !ssemb#e in t$e s!me m!nner !s ! ?*s1u! -#!toon4
PART E * Com-!n" %orm!tions
14 Com-!n" +e!1u!rters4
!4 Personne#4 T$e com-!n" comm!ner m!" use !s m!n" -ersonne# !s neee 2or $is $e!1u!rtersB
$o0e3er& it is !3!nt!/eous to use !s 2e0 !s -ossib#e4 Personne# not in 2orm!tion !n not 0it$ t$e com-!n"
comm!ner m!" be use to secure 3e$ic#es& or t$e" m!" rem!in !t t$e unitFs !ministr!ti3e !re!4 Minimum
-ersonne# to !ccom-!n" t$e com-!n" comm!ner s$ou# be ! messen/er @r!io o-er!torA !n ! se#ecte
m!r5sm!n4
b4 E1ui-ment4 T$e com-!n" comm!ner s$ou# $!3e t$e 2o##o0in/ e1ui-ment,
@1A Communic!tions to m!int!in cont!ct 0it$in $is unit !n 0it$ ne:t $i/$er $e!1u!rters4
@)A Su22icient tr!ns-ort!tion to 5ee- !n !e1u!te !mount o2 su--#ies !3!i#!b#e& suc$ !s cro0 contro#
!/ent munitions4
@'A Lous-e!5er or ot$er 3oice !m-#i2"in/ e1ui-ment4
)4 Desi/n!tin/ Loc!tions o2 %orm!tions4 .$en t$e com-!n" comm!ner orers $is com-!n" into cro0
contro# 2orm!tions 2rom t$e co#umn& $e mo3es out to t$e #e2t or ri/$t ne!r t$e $e! o2 t$e co#umn& 0$ere $e c!n
be seen b" $is -#!toon #e!ers& !n 2!ces t$e com-!n"4 As $e /i3es $is -re-!r!tor" comm!n& $e -oints to t$e
!--ro:im!te #oc!tion 2or t$e 2orm!tion4 I2 $e oes not inic!te ! #oc!tion& t$e com-!n" 2orms immei!te#" to
t$e 2ront o2 t$e #e!in/ -#!toon4
'4 Com-!n" Line In*De-t$4
!4 Comm!n4 LCom-!n" Line in De-t$& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 A2ter t$e com-!n" comm!nerGs -re-!r!tor" comm!n& e!c$ -#!toon #e!er /i3es t$e
comm!n& MP#!toon Line4N T$e s1u! #e!ers 2o##o0 0it$ t$eir comm!ns to t$eir s1u!s to 2orm t$e
-#!toon #ine4 ON t$e comm!n o2 e:ecution& e!c$ -#!toon est!b#is$es ! -#!toon #ine immei!te#" to its 2ront4
@see %i/ure '*?0A
c4 I2 t$e ' -#!toon is c!##e on to su--ort t$e com-!n" #ine& it mo3es 2or0!r !n t!5es u- ! -osition
irect#" be$in t$e ) -#!toon in t$e s!me m!nner4 P#!toon #e!ers !n PS6s $e#- e!c$ ot$er in contro##in/
t$e com-!n"4
%I6URE '*?04 Com-!n" Line in De-t$ %orm!tion4
?4 Com-!n" Line in M!ss4
!4 Comm!n4 LCom-!n" Line in M!ss& Mo3e4L
b4 E:ecution4 T$e com-!n" #ine in m!ss is t$e s!me !s ! com-!n" #ine 0it$ bot$ -#!toons in irect su--ort4
Inste! o2 2ormin/ it in st!/es& t$e com-!n" comm!ner inic!tes $is esire 2or t$is 2orm!tion in $is initi!#
comm!n4 T$e -#!toons e!c$ 2orm ! #ine !n t$e ) !n ' -#!toons c#ose on t$e 1st -#!toon 0it$out
2urt$er comm!n4 @see %i/ure '*?1A
%I6URE '*?14 Com-!n" Line in M!ss %orm!tion
54 Com-!n" Line 0it$ Su--ort4 In com-!n" 2orm!tions& t$e 1st -#!toon usu!##" 2orms t$e #e! e#ement !n t$e
) !n ' -#!toons -ro3ie su--ort @see %i/ures '*?)& '*?'& !n '*??A4 T$e su--ort -#!toons c!n be em-#o"e
in t$e s!me m!nner !s t$e su--ort s1u!s in -#!toon 2orm!tions4 One -#!toon c!n be re#ie3e 2rom t$e #e!
e#ement b" !not$er -#!toon 0$i#e in 2orm!tion b" $!3in/ ! su--ort -#!toon -!ss t$rou/$ t$e #e! -#!toon4
%I6URE '*?)4 Com-!n" Line in M!ss %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in De-t$
%I6URE '*?'4 Com-!n" Line in M!ss %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in L!ter!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*??4 Com-!n" Line& One P#!toon in L!ter!# Su--ort
!n One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort4
(4 Com-!n" Ec$e#on !n .e/e %orm!tions4 T$e com-!n" ec$e#on @ri/$t or #e2tA !n com-!n" 0e/e !re
2orme in t$e s!me m!nner !n 0it$ t$e s!me 3!ri!tions !s t$e com-!n" #ine @see %i/ures '*?5 t$rou/$ '*5)A4
%I6URE '*?54 Com-!n" Ec$e#on Ri/$t %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in L!ter!# su--ort !n One P#!toon
in 6ener!# su--ort4
%I6URE '*?54 Com-!n" Ec$e#on Ri/$t in M!ss %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in #!ter!# Su--ort !n
One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%i/ure '*?(4 Com-!n" Ec$e#on Ri/$t in M!ss %orm!tion 0it$ One
P#!toon in L!ter!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*?94 Com-!n" Ec$e#on Ri/$t in M!ss %orm!tion .it$
One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*?<4 Com-!n" .e/e %orm!tion 0it$ T0o P#!toons in
6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*?C4 Com-!n" 0e/e %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in
L!ter!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*504 Com-!n" .e/e %orm!tion 0it$ One P#!toon in
L!ter!# Su--ort !n One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*514 Com-!n" .e/e %orm!tion .it$ One P#!toon in
L!ter!# Su--ort !n One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort
94 Assemb#in/ ! Com-!n"4 A com-!n" !ssemb#es 2rom ! cro0 contro# 2orm!tion in t$e s!me m!nner !s !
-#!toon or ! s1u! oes4 +o0e3er& ue to t$e si>e o2 com-!n" 2orm!tions& t$e comm!ner must consier t$e
!re! t$!t t$e com-!n" is o-er!tin/ in 0$en $e !ssemb#es t$e com-!n"4 I2 $e 2o##o0s t$e /uie#ines o2 -#!toon
!ssemb#"& $e 0i## $!3e no i22icu#t"4 .$en !ssemb#in/ t$e com-!n"& t$e comm!ner t!5es ! -osition to t$e
re!r o2 t$e 2orm!tion !n comm!ns& MCom-!n" Assemb#e4N T$e -#!toon #e!ers t!5e c$!r/e o2 t$eir res-ecti3e
-#!toons4 Usu!##"& t$e ' -#!toon !ssemb#es 2irst& Eust be$in t$e 2orm!tion4 A2ter t$e ' -#!toon is !ssemb#e&
t$e ) -#!toon !ssemb#es in 2ront o2 t$e ' -#!toon !n t$e 1st -#!toon !ssemb#es in 2ront o2 t$e )4 A## -#!toons
!ssemb#e 2!cin/ t$e comm!ner4 T$e ) !n ' -#!toons t$en ress 0it$ t$e 1st -#!toon4 As e!c$ -#!toon is
!ssemb#e& t$e" !re orere to -ort !rms b" t$e -#!toon #e!er to !0!it 2urt$er orers 2rom t$e comm!ner4 I2
2our -#!toons !re use& t$e ?t$ -#!toon !ssemb#es 2irst4
<4 Com-!n" !n P#!toon %orm!tions .it$ Ve$ic#es44
!4 .$en encounterin/ #!r/e riotous /rou-s& it m!" be $e#-2u# to use 3e$ic#es 0it$ 2oot So#iers in cro0
contro# 2orm!tions4 .$i#e 3e$ic#es ! stren/t$ to 2orm!tions& cert!in s!2e/u!r me!sures s$ou# be t!5en4
@1A .ins$ie#s o2 3e$ic#es m!" be in u-ri/$t -ositions& remo3e& or com-#ete#" e-resse4 I2
0ins$ie#s !re o2 s!2et" /#!ss& t$e" o22er some -rotection in !n u-ri/$t -osition to 2ront se!t occu-!nts
0it$ minimum !n/er o2 inEur" 2rom /#!ss 2r!/ments4
@)A S$ie#s or mobi#e b!rriers m!" be constructe b" mountin/ ! 0ooen or met!# 2r!me strun/ 0it$
b!rbe 0ire !cross t$e 2ront o2 ! 3e$ic#e4
@'A %oot So#iers in 2orm!tion s$ou# 0!#5 !s ne!r t$e 2ront corners o2 e!c$ 3e$ic#e !s -ossib#e to
-re3ent rioters 2rom !tt!c5in/ t$e sies or re!r o2 t$e 3e$ic#es4
b4 Armore 3e$ic#es s$ou# be use 0$en !3!i#!b#e !n -r!ctic!b#e bec!use o2 t$eir -s"c$o#o/ic!# e22ect
!n t$e -rotection t$e" !22or t$eir occu-!nts4
@1A Ve$ic#es s$ou# be use on#" in conEunction 0it$ 2oot So#iers4
@)A .$ene3er 3e$ic#es !n 2oot So#iers !re use& t$e comm!ner o2 t$e 2oot So#iers comm!ns t$e
unit4 +e Eoins t$e #e!er o2 t$e motor section in t$e comm!n @number 1A 3e$ic#e 0$ere $e $!s !
-osition o2 3!nt!/e @see %i/ure '*51A4 In e3er" inst!nce& $is comm!ns !re c!rrie out t$rou/$ t$e
suborin!te #e!ers
@'A I2 -ossib#e& $e!1u!rters -ersonne# s$ou# tr!3e# 0it$ t$e comm!ner4
%I6URE '*514 Position 2or %oot So#iers !n Ve$ic#es Prior to C!rr"in/ out
Cro0 Contro# %orm!tions4
c4 Com-!n" Line 0it$ Su--ort4
@1A Comm!n4 T$e comm!ns 2or 3e$ic#es !n 2oot So#iers !re t$e s!me !s 2oot So#iers !#one4
Bec!use o2 t$e !ition!# noise !n ist!nces in3o#3e& t$e com-!n" comm!ner /i3es t$e !rm !n $!n
si/n!# 2or t$e #ine4 T$e comm!n !n si/n!# !--#" to t$e #e! -#!toon on#"4 T$e ot$er -#!toons rem!in
in /ener!# su--ort unti# irecte 2urt$er4
@)A E:ecution4 T$e motor section mo3es out 0it$ 3e$ic#e number t0o mo3in/ to t$e ri/$t4 Ve$ic#e
number t0o -!sses t$e #e! 3e$ic#e !n est!b#is$es t$e -osition 2or t$e center o2 t$e #ine4 At t$e s!me
time& t$e ' !n ?t$ 3e$ic#es s0in/ out to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t4 T$e" 2orm to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t !n s#i/$t#"
to t$e re!r o2 3e$ic#e number t0o4 T$e 1st !n ?t$ s1u!s o2 t$e #e! -#!toon t$en mo3e 2or0!r !n
2orm #ines to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t& on t$e 2ront en o2 3e$ic#e number t0o4 As soon !s t$e troo-s !re in
-osition& t$e ' !n ?t$ 3e$ic#es c#ose in on t$e s1u!s !n ti/$ten t$e 2orm!tion4 T$e ) !n ' s1u!s
o2 t$e #e! -#!toon t$en 2orm ! #ine to t$e #e2t !n ri/$t o2 t$e ' !n ?t$ 3e$ic#es to com-#ete t$e
com-!n" #ine4 T$e comm!n 3e$ic#e @3e$ic#e number oneA t!5es u- ! -osition be$in t$e #ine 0$ere t$e
comm!ner c!n irect !n contro# t$e unit4 T$e ) !n ' -#!toons mo3e 2or0!r !n !re use in
/ener!#& #!ter!#& or irect su--ort4 In some inst!nces& 2oot troo-s mo3e into -osition 2irst !n 3e$ic#es
Eoin t$e 2orm!tion& !s neee4 @see %i/ures '*5)& '*5'& '*5?& '*55& '*5(& '*59& !n '*5< 2or t"-es o2
3e$ic#es 2orm!tionsA
C4 Ec$e#on or .e/e4 To 2orm ! com-!n" ec$e#on or ! com-!n" 0e/e 0it$ 3e$ic#es& t$e com-!n" 2o##o0s
t$e s!me -roceures use 2or com-!n" 2orm!tions 0it$out 3e$ic#es4 Ve$ic#es !re mo3e into t$e !--ro-ri!te
-ositions usin/ -roceures simi#!r to t$ose use 2or ! com-!n" #ine4
104 Assemb#in/ %oot So#iers !n Ve$ic#es4 To !ssemb#e troo-s !n 3e$ic#es& t$e comm!n 3e$ic#e mo3es to !
-osition be$in t$e 2orm!tion4 T$e comm!ner 2!ces t$e 2orm!tion !n /i3es t$e 3e$ic#e section t$e si/n!# 2or
!ssemb#"4 Immei!te#"& t$e 3e$ic#es return to t$eir -ro-er -ositions in co#umn 2orm!tion be$in t$e comm!n
3e$ic#e 0$i#e t$e troo-s st!n 2!st4
114 V!ri!tions o2 %orm!tions4 M!n" suit!b#e 3!ri!tions to t$e 2orm!tions escribe !n i##ustr!te !bo3e m!"
be use& !n !--ro-ri!te comm!ns !n si/n!#s m!" be e3ise to c!rr" t$em out4 Bec!use o2 t$e some0$!t
com-#ic!te n!ture !n coorin!tion re1uire in t$ese 2orm!tions& $o0e3er& ne0 3!ri!tions s$ou# be -r!ctice
e:tensi3e#" be2ore t$e" !re use in !ctu!# riot situ!tions4
%I6URE '*5)4 Com-!n" Line %orm!tion .it$ Ve$ic#es
!n T0o P#!toons in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*5'4 Com-!n" Line %orm!tion 0it$ Ve$ic#es& One P#!toon in L!ter!# Su--ort& !n One P#!toon in
6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*5?4 Com-!n" Ec$e#on Ri/$t %orm!tion 0it$ Ve$ic#es& One P#!toon in L!ter!# Su--ort& !n P#!toon
in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*554 Com-!n" Line in M!ss %orm!tion 0it$ Ve$ic#es !n One P#!toon in 6ener!# Su--ort4
%I6URE '*5(4 P#!toon Line %orm!tion 0it$ Ve$ic#es4
%I6URE '*594 P#!toon Line %orm!tion 0it$ Direct Su--ort !n Ve$ic#es4
SUMMARY
Durin/ t$e course o2 t$is #esson "ou $!3e #e!rne t$!t t$!t t$rou/$ t$e stuies o2 t$e $istories o2 0!r t$!t
success in b!tt#e is not !#0!"s etermine b" t$e number o2 So#iers or 2ire-o0er4 Success is more o2ten
etermine b" t$e isci-#ine !n tr!inin/ o2 t$e So#iers in3o#3e4 T$is situ!tion o2ten !--#ies to ci3i#
isturb!nce contro# o-er!tions bec!use our So#iers c!n be e:-ecte to be /re!t#" outnumbere4 8ou $!3e been
t!u/$t t$!t t$rou/$ ! s"stem o2 cro0 contro# 2orm!tions t$!t t$e numbers concernin/ t$e contro# 2orce !n t$e
emonstr!tors c!n be o22set4 B" im-#ementin/ !n tr!inin/ 0$!t "ou $!3e #e!rne& "ou 0i## continue to /!t$er
more 5no0#e/e o2 t$ese cro0 contro# 2orm!tions to !ssist "ou in e22ecti3e#" em-#o"in/ "our So#iers in !
ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tion4
Lesson ' Pr!ctice e:ercise/
T$e 2o##o0in/ 1uestions !re mu#ti-#e c$oice !n;or true;2!#se4 8ou !re to se#ect t$e one t$!t is correct4 S$o0
"our c$oice b" CIRCLIN6 t$e #etter besie t$e correct c$oice irect#" on t$e -!/e4 T$is is ! se#2*/r!e #esson
e:ercise4 Do not #oo5 u- t$e correct !ns0er 2rom t$e #esson so#ution s$eet unti# "ou $!3e 2inis$e4 To o so
0i## en!n/er "our !bi#it" to #e!rn t$is m!teri!#4 A#so& "our 2in!# e:!min!tion score 0i## ten to be #o0er t$!n i2
"ou $! not 2o##o0e t$is recommen!tion4
14 T$e norm!# c!ence 2or mo3ement into !n !ssemb#" 2rom !## cro0 contro# 2orm!tion is
A4 Route ste-4
B4 Juic5 time4
C4 Doub#e time4
D4 An" o2 t$e !bo3e4
14 A2ter bre!5in/ u- ! #!r/e cro0 0it$ cro0 contro# 2orm!tions
A4 T$e contro# 2orce s$ou# st!n in -#!ce4
B4 T$e contro# 2orce is norm!##" re#ie3e o2 ut"4
C4 As m!n" !rrests !s -ossib#e s$ou# be m!e4
D4 Sm!## /rou-s o2 rioters m!" 2orm4
14 A 2orm!tion use in orer to !--re$en ! -erson surroune b" ! cro0 is t$e
A4 Line4
B4 Ec$e#on #e2t4
C4 Di!mon4
D4 .e/e4
14 Ve$ic#es s$ou# !#0!"s be use4
A4 .it$ 2oot So#iers4
B4 As ! #!st resort4
C4 In m!ss4
D4 In -!irs4
14 T$e 2o##o0in/ !rm si/n!# is 2or !4
A4 Line 2orm!tion4
B4 .e/e 2orm!tion4
C4 Ec$e#on 2orm!tion4
D4 S1u! in su--ort 2orm!tion4
14 T$e s!2e -ort -osition is
A4 E:treme#" use2u# 2or ! s$o0 o2 2orce4
B4 Not use2u# bec!use it c!nnot be seen !t t$e re!r o2 t$e cro04
C4 Use on#" to mo3e !0!" 2rom cro0 2orm!tions4
D4 E!s" to m!int!in o3er e:tene -erios o2 time4
14 T$e best 2orm!tion to $o# b!c5 ! t$re!tenin/ cro0 is t$e
A4 Ec$e#on4
B4 Di!mon4
C4 .e/e4
D4 Line
14 .$en /ettin/ re!" to use cro0 contro# 2orm!tions& it is best to
A4 Assemb#e in 2u## 3ie0 o2 t$e cro0& but !t ! s!2e ist!nce4
B4 %orm t$e esire 2orm!tion !n oub#e time to0!r t$e cro04
C4 M!rc$ in co#umn 2orm!tion to ! s!2e ist!nce 2rom t$e cro04
D4 Use cro0 contro# !/ents -rior to !ssemb#"4
14 T$e comm!n use to 2orm ! s1u! into ! #ine 2orm!tion is
A4 E:ten to t$e ri/$t& Mo3e4
B4 %!## in on #ine& Mo3e4
C4 S1u! Line %orm!tion& Mo3e4L
D4 S1u! !s s5irmis$ers& Mo3e4
14 .$en in co#umn& t$e comm!ner !t e!c$ ec$e#on norm!##" !ssumes $is -osition
A4 At t$e 2ront o2 t$e co#umn4
B4 To t$e ri/$t o2 t$e co#umn4
C4 To t$e #e2t o2 t$e co#umn4
D4 At t$e re!r o2 t$e co#umn4
14 T$e $!n si/n!# 2or ! #ine is
A B
C D
1. In !n" ec$e#on 2orm!tion 0it$ norm!# inter3!# !n ist!nce& t$e !n/#e m!e b" t$e 2orm!tion !n t$e route
o2 !3!nce 0i## be !--ro:im!te#" TTTTTTTTTTTT4
A4 '0 e/rees4
B4 '5 e/rees4
C4 ?0 e/rees4
D4 ?5 e/rees4
14 .$!t !re t$e t0o b!se e#ement r!n5sO
A4 S$ie# $o#ers& !n non#et$!# 0e!-ons4
B4 S$ie# $o#ers !n b!ton $o#ers4
C4 E:tr!ction !n !--re$ension te!ms4
D4 Riot contro# !/ent is-enser o-er!tions !n s1u! #e!ers4
LESSON '
PRACTICE EKERCISE
ANS.ER =E8 AND %EEDBAC=
Item Correct Ans0er !n %eeb!c5
14 C4 Doub#e time4 @-!/e '*15A
)4 D4 Sm!## /rou-s o2 rioters m!" 2orm4 @-!/e '*?A
'4 C4 Di!mon4
.$en So#iers -enetr!te4 @-!/e '*(A
?4 A4 .it$ 2oot So#iers4 @-!/e '*5A
54 B4 .e/e 2orm!tion4 @-!/e '*1?A
(4 A4 E:treme#" use2u# 2or ! s$o0 o2 2orce4 @-!/e '*10A
94 D4 Line4 @-!/e '*(A
<4 C4 M!rc$ in ! co#umn 2orm!tion to ! s!2e4 @-!/e '*9A
C4 C4 S1u! Line %orm!tion& Mo3e4L @-!/e '*19A
104 A4 At t$e 2ront o2 t$e co#umn4
.$en in !444 @-!/e '*11& -!r! '!A
114 B4 %i/ure '*' @-!/e '*1?A
1)4 D4 ?5 e/rees @-!/e '*1(A
1'4 A4 S$ie# $o#ers !n NL. @-!/e '*(A
LESSON ?
RIOT CONTROL A6ENT DISPERSER
OVERVIE.
LESSON DESCRIPTION,
T$is sub*course is esi/ne to escribe $o0 !/ents !re is-erse !n re1uire e1ui-ment m!inten!nce4
TERMINAL LEARNIN6 OB7ECTIVE,
ACTION, M!int!in !n o-er!te riot contro# !/ent is-ersers4
CONDITION, 8ou 0i## $!3e t$is subcourse4
STANDARD, To emonstr!te com-etenc" o2 t$is t!s5& "ou must !c$ie3e ! minimum score o2 90 -ercent on
t$e 2in!# subcourse e:!min!tion4
RE%ERENCES, T$e m!teri!# cont!ine in t$is #esson 0!s eri3e 2rom t$e 2o##o0in/ -ub#ic!tions, %M '*
1C415B %M '*1))4?04
INTRODUCTION
Cro0 contro# !/ents -ro3ie us ! istinct !3!nt!/e in contro##in/ ci3i# isturb!nces !n /i3e us !
$um!ne !n e22ecti3e met$o o2 is-ersin/ issients4 Cro0 contro# !/ents $!3e m!n" !3!nt!/es o3er ot$er
t"-es o2 2orce4 T$e" $!3e !n immei!te e22ect on #!r/e /rou-s o2 -eo-#e 0it$out c!usin/ !n" -erm!nent $!rm4
.$en conitions !re 2!3or!b#e& t$ese !/ents& -ro-er#" use& 0i## is-erse #!r/e mobs 0it$out t$e contro# 2orces
!ctu!##" m!5in/ cont!ct 0it$ t$e issients4 To -ro-er#" use cro0 contro# !/ents& it is 3it!# t$!t "ou $!3e !
t$orou/$ unerst!nin/ o2 t$eir c!-!bi#ities& -otenti!# $!>!rs& !n met$os o2 use4 8ou must !#so be !b#e to
-ro-er#" o-er!te t$e s-eci!# items o2 e1ui-ment neee to is-erse cro0 contro# !/ents urin/ ! con2ront!tion4
14 Cro0 Contro# A/ents4
!4 CS4 T$is !/ent is t$e current st!n!r cro0 contro# !/ent4 Its !--#ic!tion -rouces !n e:treme burnin/
sens!tion o2 t$e e"es& !n !bun!nt 2#o0 o2 te!rs& !n in3o#unt!r" c#osin/ o2 t$e e"es& ! stin/in/ sens!tion on
moist !re!s o2 t$e bo"& !n ot$er iscom2ortin/ -$"sio#o/ic!# s"m-toms4 It m!" c!use n!use! !n mi#
3omitin/ i2 recei3e in $e!3" concentr!tions @suc$ !s 0it$in ! c#ose roomA& but no -erm!nent inEur" 0i##
resu#t 2rom t$e use o2 CS4
9ARNIN+: )E A9ARE THAT FIRES MAY START 9HEN USIN+ CS. REFER TO FM 4-
3:.23, AMMUNITION HAND)OO; FOR S-ECIFIC INFORMATION.
b4 OC4 More 0ie#" 5no0 !s LPe--er S-r!"L& OC is m!e com-#ete#" 2rom or/!nic m!teri!#s !n is %DA*
!--ro3e 2or s!#e o3er*t$e*counter in t$e Unite St!tes4 It c!uses se3er !n immei!te burnin/ sens!tion to
mucous membr!nes 0$en s-r!"e into 2!ce& nose& !n e"es4
)4 Met$os o2 Dissemin!tin/ Cro0 Contro# A/ents4
!4 Ini3iu!# Riot Contro# A/ent is-enser @M'(A4 T$e M'( @see %i/ure ?*1A cont!ins ! Diben> @%& *1 ?*
o:!>e-ine HCRI so#utionA4 It c!n e#i3er )5 one*secon bursts out to 1) 2eet4 Ini3iu!# is-os!b#e RCA
is-ersers !re intene -rim!ri#" 2or se#2*e2ense or to 5ee- rioters out o2 !rmGs re!c$ o2 So#iers
conuctin/ cro0 contro# 2orm!tions or So#iers en/!/e in missions 0$ere ! noncomb!t!nt e:ists4
4
%I6URE ?*14 Ini3iu!# Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M'(A4
b4 Misi>e Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M'9A4 T$e M'9 @see %i/ure ?*)A is t$e si>e o2 ! st!n!r 2ire
e:tin/uis$er t$!t uses com-resse !ir to 2orce t$e RCA out to ! r!n/e o2 '0 2eet4 It $!s t$e c!-!cit" to
em-#o" 1< bursts 2or ' secons -er c$!r/e4 It is e:ce##ent 2or -ro3iin/ ! 0ie co3er!/e o2 RCAs onto !
$osti#e cro0 0$i#e m!int!inin/ e:ce##ent st!no22 c!-!bi#it"4 T$e M'9 c!n be re2i##e !n is rec$!r/e!b#e4
It c!n be 2i##e 0it$ CR so#ution @#i1ui !/entA or CS1 @r" !/entA4 %or tr!inin/ -ur-oses& CR c!n be
substitute 0it$ 0!ter !n CS1 c!n be substitute 0it$ t!#cum -o0er4
%I6URE ?*)4 Misi>e Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M'9A4
c4 S1u! Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M''A1A4 T$e M''A1 @see %i/ure ?*'A is esi/ne to -ro3ie
cro0 contro# !n -rotection !t t$e s1u! #e3e#4 It is c!-!b#e o2 -roEectin/ ! b!##istic stre!m o2 RCAs
be"on )5 2eet in u- to )5 $!#2*secon bursts4 It consists o2 ! 2r!me !n $!rness !ssemb#"& com-resse*/!s
c"#iner @!/ent cont!iner !ssemb#"A& !ir -ressure !ssemb#"& /un !n $ose !ssemb#"& mu#tiEet s-r!" unit& !n
c$ec5 3!#3e !ssemb#"4 T$e M''A1 c!n be re2i##e !n is
%I6URE ?*'4 S1u! Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M''A1A4
4 M9 ((*Mi##imeter L!unc$er 0it$ M'15 Inst!##!tion =it4 T$e M9 @see %i/ure ?*?A is ! ((*mi##imeter
3e$ic#e*mounte& NL& /ren!e*#!unc$in/ e3ice t$!t is mounte on ! +MM.V4 It is !n inirect 2ire su--ort
s"stem t$!t c!n e#i3er t$e MC< istr!ction /ren!e t$!t cre!tes ! 2#!s$*b!n/ e22ect& LC(A1 !ntiriot /ren!e& or
MCC b#unt tr!um! /ren!e t$!t cre!tes ! stin/*b!## e22ect4 T$e M'15 inst!##!tion 5it is use to inst!## !n M9
isc$!r/er on t$e turret rin/ o2 !--ro-ri!te +MM.V 3!ri!nts4 An !Eust!b#e br!c5et !##o0s t$e #!unc$ !n/#e
to be e-resse 2or en/!/in/ t!r/ets !t r!n/es o2 50& 95& !n 100 meters4 T$e s"stem en2orces st!no22
ist!nces !n eters -otenti!# t$re!ts4
%I6URE ?*?4 M9 ((*Mi##imeter L!unc$er 0it$ M'15 Inst!##!tion =it4
e4 LC(A1& 6ren!e& Disc$!r/er& Antiriot 6ren!e4 T$e LC(A1 @see %i/ure ?*5A is ! (( mi##imeter -roEecti#e
t$!t cont!ins )' c!nisters 2i##e 0it$ CS com-oun4 At ! mu>>#e 3e#ocit" o2 '54< meters -er secon @11945 2eetA
t$e -roEecti#e $!s ! e-#o"ment r!n/e o2 (5 to C5 meters4 T$e !ntiriot @CSA is re#e!se 2rom t$e submunitions !s
t$e" burn on t$e /roun4
%I6URE ?*54 LC(A1& 6ren!e& Disc$!r/er& Antiriot 6ren!e
24 M)0' /ren!e #!unc$er4 Usin/ t$e CS roun 2or t$e M)0' /ren!e #!unc$er& CS !/ent c!n be !ccur!te#"
use !/!inst ! -oint t!r/et !t ! r!n/e o2 )00*?00 meters4 C!ution s$ou# be use not to 2ire t$e roun
irect#" !t ! -erson !s inEur" 2rom t$e -roEecti#e !s -ossib#e4 T$e M?9 CS roun m!" !#so be $!n is-erse
!t ! #ess e22ecti3e r!n/e4
'4 Princi-!# %!ctors t$!t 0i## 6o3ern t$e Em-#o"ment o2 Cro0 Contro# A/ents4
!4 To etermine 0$et$er cro0 contro# !/ents m!" be use e22ecti3e#" !n $o0 t$e" c!n best be is-erse&
m!n" 2!ctors must be consiere4
@1A E22ect o2 0e!t$er !n terr!in4 A2ter t$e cro0 contro# !/ent $!s been re#e!se into t$e !tmos-$ere& t$e
!/ent c#ou 0i## rise !n ri2t o0n0in in ! m!nner entire#" e-enent u-on e:istin/ 0e!t$er !n terr!in4
@)A Vertic!# rise4 A/ent c#ous& 0$ic$ !re ! sus-ension o2 -!rtic#es in t$e !ir& !re initi!##" 0!rmer t$!n !ir
!n ten to rise r!-i#"4 As t$ese -!rtic#es coo#& t$e" 0i## subse1uent#" sett#e b!c5 to e!rt$4
@'A L!ter!# s-re!4 A/ent c#ous 0i## be b#o0n 2rom sie to sie b" s$i2tin/ !ir currents4 As ! /ener!# ru#e&
#!ter!# s-re! is e1u!# to !bout 15 to )0 -ercent o2 t$e ist!nce tr!3e#e4
@?A Obst!c#es4 A/ent c#ous 0i## be isru-te b" terr!in obst!c#es& suc$ !s trees !n bui#in/s& !n t$eir
e22ecti3eness reuce4 As ! /ener!# ru#e& !n obst!c#e 0i## isru-t !n !/ent c#ou 2or ! o0n0in ist!nce o2
'0 times t$e $ei/$t o2 t$e obst!c#e4
@5A %!3or!b#e conitions4 T$e o0n0in tr!3e# o2 !/ent c#ous 0i## be 2!3or!b#" !22ecte b" t$e conitions
#iste be#o04 T$e re3erse o2 t$ese conitions 0i##& o2 course& !3erse#" in2#uence t$e -er2orm!nce o2 t$e
!/ent c#ou4
@!A Ste!" 0in irection4
@bA Moer!te 0in 3e#ocit" @#ess t$!n 10 m-$A4
@cA +i/$ re#!ti3e $umiit"4
@A 6roun tem-er!ture co#er t$!n !ir tem-er!ture4
@eA Minim!# obst!c#es& suc$ !s o-en !re!s& #itt#e 3e/et!tion& !n no bui#in/s4
b4 O-er!tion!# ObEecti3e4 T$e m!nner o2 usin/ cro0 contro# !/ents 0i## 3!r" 0it$ t$e o-er!tion!#
obEecti3e bein/ -ursue4 B" 3!r"in/ t$e !mount !n met$o o2 use& i22erent e22ects c!n be -rouce on t$e
cro0 or mob4
@1A Dis-ers!#4 T$e most common us!/e o2 cro0 contro# !/ents is to moti3!te $osti#e cro0s to #e!3e
t$e !re!4 CS& !--#ie in su22icient 1u!ntities b" eit$er /ren!es or is-ersers& is usu!##" $i/$#" e22ecti3e4
C!ution must be use !n esc!-e routes must be m!e !3!i#!b#e4
@)A S-#ittin/ ! Cro04 .$en it becomes necess!r" to s-#it ! cro0& CS m!" be !--#ie so !s to -rouce
! n!rro0 c#ou t$rou/$ t$e center o2 t$e cro04 T$is 0i## s-#it t$e cro0 2or t$e ur!tion o2 t$e !/ent
c#ouFs e22ecti3eness4
@'A Den" Access to Are!4 .$en conitions 0!rr!nt& !ccess to !n !re! m!" be enie b" !--#"in/
micro*-u#3eri>e CS4 T$e -ersistenc" o2 t$e !/ent& 0$en mi:e 0it$ t$e surrounin/ e!rt$& 3e/et!tion&
or ot$er m!teri!#& 0i## iscour!/e t$e !--ro!c$ o2 un-rotecte -ersonne# 2or t$e -erio o2 t$e !/entFs
e22ecti3eness4
@?A Anti*b!rric!e O-er!tions4 .$ere -ersons& suc$ !s sni-ers or ot$er !rme !n !n/erous -ersons&
!re b!rric!e 0it$in bui#in/s& cro0 contro# !/ents m!" be in3!#u!b#e in e22ectin/ t$eir !--re$ension
0it$ minimum !n/er to t$e contro# 2orce !n b"st!ners4 .$en !rrest te!ms !re in -osition& M?9
/ren!es m!" be !--#ie& 2irst in t$e surrounin/ !re!& t$en 0it$in t$e b!rric!e room itse#24
c4 Moti3!tion o2 Dissients4 A t$orou/$ !--#ic!tion o2 CS s$ou# be su22icient to con3ince most -ersons to
ce!se t$eir isorer#" conuct4 +o0e3er& riots or emonstr!tions $!3e in3o#3e rioter or emonstr!tors t$!t
!re "oun/& $e!#t$"& !n most im-ort!nt#"& $i/$#" moti3!te4 Suc$ emonstr!tors $!3e 2re1uent#" been !b#e
to 0it$st!n re-e!te os!/es o2 cro0 contro# !/ents& 0it$r!0in/ 2rom t$e !/ent c#ou !n returnin/
once t$e c#ou issi-!tes4 In suc$ c!ses& !--#ic!tion o2 cro0 contro# !/ents !#one is ob3ious#" not
su22icient to subue t$e isorerB t$e" must be 2o##o0e b" ot$er me!sures suc$ !s se#ecti3e or m!ss !rrests4
?4 Tr!inin/4
!4 Tr!inin/ o2 So#iers 2or use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents s$ou# inc#ue& but not be #imite to& t$e 2o##o0in/,
@1A Ini3iu!# Tr!inin/4
@!A Po#ic" on t$e em-#o"ment o2 cro0 contro# !/ents4
@bA C$!r!cteristics o2 cro0 contro# !/ents4
@cA Ini3iu!# -rotection& 2irst !i& !n econt!min!tion4
@A M!inten!nce o2 cro0 contro# !/ent munitions !n e1ui-ment4
b4 Unit Tr!inin/4
@1A Cro0 contro# !/ent s1u! or/!ni>!tion4
@)A T!ctic!# em-#o"ment o2 cro0 contro# !/ents in cro0 contro#4
54 O-er!tion !n Em-#o"ment o2 Cro0 Contro# A/ent Dis-ersers4
!4 6ener!#4 T$e 2o##o0in/ -ro3ies !t! !n /ui!nce 2or comm!ners& st!22 o22icers& !n !## -ersonne#
concerne 0it$ t$e uti#i>!tion o2 cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers in t$e contro# !n su--ression o2 isorers4
It co3ers conce-ts !n tec$ni1ues 2or use o2 t$e cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers !n -ro3ies /ui!nce 2or
t$e tr!inin/ o2 o-er!tin/ -ersonne#4
b4 Conce-t o2 Em-#o"ment4 T$e cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers 0ere e3e#o-e to -ro3ie comm!ners
0it$ ! c!-!bi#it" 2or istributin/ cro0 contro# !/ents in su22icient 1u!ntities to -ro3ie e22ecti3e !re!
co3er!/e uner ! 3!riet" o2 situ!tions !n 0e!t$er conitions4 T$e" !re not esi/ne 2or t$e irect
introuction o2 ! cro0 contro# !/ent into b!rric!e bui#in/s4 C!re must !#so be e:ercise in t$eir use in
con2ine !re!s !n !/!inst t!r/et !re!s 0it$ restricte !3enues o2 esc!-e4 Norm!# us!/e en3isions tr!ns-ort
o2 t$ese is-ersers b" -ersons& b" 1;?*ton or #!r/er 3e$ic#es& or b" $e#ico-ters4 .$en tr!ns-orte b" t$e
/roun& b" ini3iu!# or b" 3e$ic#e& t$e is-ersers m!" be irect#" inte/r!te into cro0 contro# troo-
2orm!tions or m!" be o-er!te 2rom ! -osition in irect su--ort o2 con2ront!tion contro# o-er!tions4
Dis-ersers mounte in $e#ico-ters !re use in c#ose conEunction 0it$ t$e contro# So#iers !n in irect
im-#ement!tion o2 t$e immei!te -#!n o2 o-er!tions4 T$e e:!ct #oc!tion o2 t$e !ircr!2t& 0it$ res-ect to troo-
2orm!tion& !t t$e time o2 re#e!se o2 cro0 contro# !/ents 0i## be etermine b" current 0in irection !n
s-ee& !n in some inst!nces b" suc$ -$"sic!# obst!c#es !s m!" -#!ce ! restriction on t$e mo3ements or
-ositionin/ o2 t$e !ircr!2t4
c4 Personne#4
@1A A#t$ou/$ it is esir!b#e t$!t !## unit -ersonne# s$ou# $!3e 5no0#e/e o2 t$e o-er!tion !n
em-#o"ment c!-!bi#ities o2 t$e cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers& m!in re#i!nce in t$is res-ect must be
-#!ce on s-eci!##" se#ecte !n tr!ine -ersons4 Suc$ -ersonne# s$ou# be c$osen 2or initi!ti3e& !bi#it" to
#e!rn& !n -ro3en c!#mness 0$en 2!ce 0it$ #!r/e numbers o2 !/it!te -eo-#e4
@)A Persons n!me !s is-erser o-er!tors !n;or !s te!m members s$ou# be 0e##*1u!#i2ie in t$eir
-rim!r" MOS !s members o2 t$e mi#it!r" -o#ice or ot$er units !ut$ori>e !s is-ersers& !n t$orou/$#"
tr!ine in ci3i# isturb!nce o-er!tions4 Pre2er!b#" t$e" s$ou# $!3e recei3e s-eci!# tr!inin/ in t$e use o2
cro0 contro# !/ents4
4 To ensure e1ui-ment is o-er!tion!# 0$en it is neee& -re3enti3e m!inten!nce !n ser3ice must be
-er2orme4
(4 Aut$orit" !n Limit!tions on t$e Use o2 Cro0 Contro# A/ents4
!4 E:-erience !n common sense $!3e ict!te some ru#es 2or t$e e22ecti3e use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents4
T$ese ru#es& 0$i#e not !bso#ute& s$ou# be u#" consiere be2ore usin/ cro0 contro# !/ents4
@1A Limit!tions4
@!A Do not use !roun $os-it!#s or ot$er -#!ces 0$ere innocent -ersons m!" be !22ecte4
@bA Do not use !roun $i/$0!"s 0$ere ri3ers m!" be !22ecte4
@cA Do not use 0$ere 2ires m!" st!rt or !s-$":i!tion m!" occur4
@A Do not use 0$ere contro# 2orces m!" be un-re-!re !n !3erse#" !22ecte4
@eA Do not use -rior to coorin!tin/ 0it$ !## !/encies in t$e !22ecte !re!4
@2A Do not use 0$ere ! c$!n/e in 0in 0ou# c!use $!rm or $!m-er contro# o-er!tions4
@/A Do not use 0$ere in!e1u!te 1u!ntities o2 !/ents !re !3!i#!b#e !n its use 0ou# be inecisi3e
"et incre!se $osti#ities4
@$A Do not e:-ose cro0 contro# is-ersers to t$e cro0 0it$out !e1u!te -rotection o2
!ccom-!n"in/ contro# 2orces4
b4 Aut$orit" to Use Cro0 Contro# A/ents4 T$e criteri! 2or !ut$orit" to use cro0 contro# !/ents 0i## 3!r"
bet0een -o#ice !/encies4 %or cro0 contro# !/ents to be use e22ecti3e#" !/ents must be re!i#" !3!i#!b#e
!n t$e contro# 2orce must $!3e t$e !ut$orit" to use t$em
SUMMARY
Durin/ t$e course o2 t$is #esson "ou $!3e #e!rne t$!t cro0 contro# !/ents -ro3ie ! istinct !3!nt!/e in
contro##in/ ci3i# isturb!nces !n /i3e us ! $um!ne !n e22ecti3e met$o o2 is-ersin/ issients4 .e !#so
co3ere t$e -ro-er 0!" to mount t$e is-enser on "our -erson& 2irin/ t$e is-enser& c#e!rin/ sto--!/es !s 0e##
!s t$e #imit!tions o2 t$e is-enser4
Less! 4 < -r#&"i&e e=er&ise
T$e 2o##o0in/ 1uestions !re mu#ti-#e c$oices !n;or true;2!#se4 8ou !re to se#ect t$e one t$!t is correct4 S$o0
"our c$oice b" CIRCLIN6 t$e #etter besie t$e correct c$oice irect#" u- t$e -!/e4 T$is is ! se#2*/r!e #esson
e:ercise4 Do not #oo5 u- t$e correct !ns0er 2rom t$e #esson so#ution s$eet unti# "ou $!3e 2inis$e4 To o so
0i## en!n/er "our !bi#it" to #e!rn t$is m!teri!#4 A#so& "our 2in!# e:!min!tion score 0i## ten to be #o0er t$!n i2
"ou $! not 2o##o0e t$is recommen!tion4
14 T$e use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents in !nti*b!rric!e o-er!tions is -re2erre bec!use,
A4 It c!uses minimum !n/er to t$e contro# 2orce !n b"st!ners4
B4 No ot$er t"-e o2 2orce is !ut$ori>e !/!inst b!rric!e -ersonne#4
C4 It is e22ecti3e in s-#ittin/ ! cro0 outsie t$e b!rric!e4
D4 T$e #!ter!# s-re! o2 t$e !/ent re!c$es its m!:imum e22ect !t t$e b!rric!e4
)4 .$ic$ o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ st!tements is INCORRECT concernin/ CSO
A4 It m!" c!use n!use! !n 3omitin/4
B4 It c!uses !n e:treme burnin/ sens!tion in t$e e"es4
C4 It c!uses ! stin/in/ sens!tion on moist !re!s o2 t$e bo"4
D4 It c!uses ! 3o#unt!r" c#osin/ o2 t$e e"es4
'4 .$ic$ o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ is t$e current st!n!r cro0 contro# !/entO
A4 OC4
B4 +C4
C4 CS4
D4 CN4
14 .$ic$ !tmos-$eric conitions !re BEST 2or usin/ cro0 contro# !/entsO
A4 O3erc!st ni/$ts& #o0 $umiit"4
B4 Moer!te 0in& $i/$ $umiit"4
C4 Bui#in/s !roun& #o0 $umiit"4
D4 Ste!" 0in& #o0 $umiit"4
54 .$ic$ met$o o2 issemin!tin/ cro0 contro# !/ents is escribe !s t$e si>e o2 ! st!n!r 2ire e:tin/uis$erO
A. Misi>e Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M'9A
B4 Ini3iu!# Riot Contro# Dis-enser @M'(A
C4 S1u! Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @''A1A
D4 M9 ((*Mi##imeter L!unc$er
14 T$e ini3iu!# tr!inin/ in t$e use o2 cro0 contro# !/ent is #imite to& Po#ic" on t$e em-#o"ment o2 cro0
contro#& C$!r!cteristics o2 cro0 contro# !/ents& Ini3iu!# -rotection& 2irst !i& !n econt!min!tion&
M!inten!nce o2 cro0 contro# !/entFs munitions !n e1ui-ment4
A4 True
B4 %!#se
14 Cro0 contro# !/ent is-ersers !re NOT recommene 2or 0$ic$ o2 t$e 2o##o0in/ !ctionsO
A4 Use in ! c#ose !re!4
B4 Use !roun ot$er cro0 contro# -ersonne#4
C4 Use in !irborne is-ers!#4
D4 Use !roun $i/$0!"s or $os-it!#s4
Lesson ? ANS.ER =E8 AND %EEDBAC=
Item Correct Ans0er !n %eeb!c5
14 A4 It c!uses minimum !n/er to t$e contro#4 @-!/e ?*(A
)4 D4 It c!uses ! 3o#unt!r" c#osin/ o2 t$e e"es4 @-!/e ?*?A
'4 C4 T$is is t$e current st!n!r cro0 contro# !/ent4 @-!/e ?*?A
?4 B4 Moer!te 0in& $i/$ $umiit"4 @-!/e ?*5A
54 A4 Misi>e Riot Contro# A/ent Dis-enser @M'9A4 @-!/e ?*?A
(4 B4 Tr!inin/ o2 So#iers 2or use o2 cro0 contro# !/ents s$ou# inc#ue& but
!" %e #imite to & t$e 2o##o0in/ , @-!/e ?*(A
94 D4 Introuction to ! $i/$0!" or $os-it!# !re!s 0$ere innocent -ersons m!"
be e:-ose44 @-!/e ?*9A