COMMON CHEMICAL REACTIONS

1. ACID + BASE SALT + WATER

e.g. HCl(aq) +NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) +H
2

O
2. ACID + METAL OXIDE SALT + WATER
e.g. H
2
SO
4
(aq) CaO(s) CaSO
4
(s) +H
2

O
3. ACID + METAL SALT + HYDROGEN
e.g. 2HNO
3
(aq) +Zn(s) Zn(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + H
2

(g)
4. ACID + CARBONATE SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
e.g. 2HCl(aq) +CuCO
3
(s) CuCl
2
(aq)

+H
2
O(l) +CO
2

(g)
5. ACID + HYDROGENCARBONATE SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
e.g. 2HCl(aq) +Mg(HCO
3
)
2
(s) MgCl
2
(aq) +2H
2
O(l) +2CO
2

(g)
6. REACTIVE METAL + WATER METAL HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN
e.g. 2Na(s) +2H
2
O(l) 2NaOH(aq) +H
2

(g)
7. METAL + OXYGEN METAL OXIDE
e.g. 4Fe(s) +3O
2
(g) 2 Fe
2
O
3

(s)
8. NONMETAL + OXYGEN NON-METAL OXIDE
S(s) +O
2
(g) SO
2

(g)
9. NON-METAL OXIDE + WATER ACID
e.g. SO
3
(g) +H
2
O(l) H
2
SO
4

(aq)
10. NON-METAL OXIDE + BASE SALT + WATER
e.g. CO
2
(g) +2KOH(aq) K
2
CO
3
(aq) +H
2

O(l)
11. METAL OXIDE + WATER METAL HYDROXIDE
e.g. MgO(s) +H
2
O(l) Mg(OH)

2

Balance the following equations:

1. Ca(OH)
2
+2HCl CaCl
2
+2H
2

O
2. Mg +2HCl MgCl
2
+H

2

3. 3(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+2H
3
PO
4
2(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
+3H
2
O +3CO

2

4. 2KOH +H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+2H
2

O
5. Al(OH)
3
+H
3
PO
4
AlPO
4
+3H
2

O
6. Ca +2HCl CaCl
2
+H

2

7. K
2
CO
3
+2HNO
3
2KNO
3
+H
2
O +CO

2

8. Ca(OH)
2
+H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+2H
2

O
9. 3NaHCO
3
+H
3
PO
4
Na
3
PO
4
+3H
2
O +3CO

2

10. AlCl
3
+3AgNO
3
3AgCl +Al(NO
3
)

3

11. Zn +2HNO
3
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+H

2

12. 3Ca(OH)
2
+2H
3
PO
4
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+6H
2

O
13. Na
2
CO
3
+2HNO
3
2NaNO
3
+H
2
O +CO

2

14. 3Mg +2H
3
PO
4
Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
+3H

2

15. Al(OH)
3
+3HCl AlCl
3
+3H
2

O
16. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+2HNO
3
2NH
4
NO
3
+H
2
O

+CO

2

17. 3KHCO
3
+H
3
PO
4
K
3
PO
4
+3H
2
O +3CO

2

18. Mg +2HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+H

2

19. K
2
CO
3
+2HNO
3
2KNO
3
+H
2
O +CO

2

20. 2Al(OH)
3
+3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+6H
2

O







1. Potassium hydrogencarbonate +nitric acid potassium nitrate +water +carbon dioxide
KHCO
3
+ HNO
3
KNO
3
+ H
2
O + CO

2
2. aluminium carbonate
heat
aluminium oxide + carbon dioxide
Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
Al
2
O
3
+ 3CO

2

3. iron(III) carbonate +hydrochloric acid iron(III) chloride +water +carbon dioxide
Fe
2
(CO
3
)
3
+ 6HCl 2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O + 3CO

2

4. copper(II) sulfate +iron iron(II) sulfate +copper
CuSO
4
+ Fe FeSO
4

+ Cu
5. ammonium hydroxide +sulfuric acid ammonium sulfate +water
2NH
4
OH + H
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2

O
6. chromium hydroxide +sulfuric acid chromium sulfate +water
2Cr(OH)
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6H
2

O
7. iron(III) oxide +carbon iron +carbon dioxide
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 3C 4Fe + 3CO

2

8. ammonium hydrogencarbonate
heat
ammonium carbonate +water +carbon dioxide
2NH
4
HCO
3
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O + CO

2

9. potassium +water potassium hydroxide +hydrogen gas
2K + 2H
2
O 2KOH + H

2
10. sodium hydroxide +sulfuric acid sodium sulfate +water
2NaOH + H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2

O
11. magnesium +oxygen gas magnesium oxide
2Mg + O
2

2MgO
12. sodium +water sodium hydroxide +hydrogen gas
2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H

2
13. aluminium carbonate +hydrochloric acid aluminium chloride +water +carbon dioxide
Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
+ 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O + 3CO

2
14. zinc oxide +phosphoric acid zinc phosphate +water
3ZnO + 2H
3
PO
4
Zn
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3H
2

O
15. ammonium carbonate +nitric acid +ammonium nitrate +carbon dioxide +water
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 2HNO
3
2NH
4
NO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2

O



1. K
2
CO
3

heat
(s) K
2
O(s) + CO
2

(g)
2. Na(s) + Cl
2

(g) 2 NaCl(s)
3. C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6 O
2
6 CO
2
+ 6 H
2

O
4. Ba(s) + 2 HCl(aq) BaCl
2
(aq) + H
2

(g)
5. Cu
2+
(aq) + S
2

(aq) CuS(s)
6. Mg
2+
(aq) + 2 OH

(aq) Mg(OH)
2

(s)
7. SO
3
(g) + H
2
O(l) H
2
SO
4

(aq)
8. 2 Pb(NO)
3

heat
(s) 2PbO(s) + 2 NO
2
(g) + 3 O
2

(g)