Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 9. Impulse and Momentum

9-1. A 0.5-! "rench is dropped #rom a hei!ht o# 10 m. $hat is its momentum %ust &e#ore it
stries the #loor' (First find the velocity from conservation of energy.)
mgh = mv
2
;
)
) )(9.* m+s ,(10 m, v gh = = v = 1-.0 m+s
p = mv = (0.5 !,(1- m+s,. p = /.00 ! m+s, do"n
9-). Compute the momentum and inetic ener!y o# a )-00-l& car mo0in! north at 55 mi+h.
)
)-00 l&
. m 1 /5 slu!s .
2) #t+s
W
m
g
= =
v = 55 mi+h 1 *0./ #t+s
p = mv = (/5 slu!s,(*0./ #t+s,. p = 6050 slu! #t+s
K = mv
2
= (/5 slu!s,(*0.66 #t+s,
)
. K = )--,000 #t l&
9-2. A )500-! truc tra0elin! at -0 m+h stries a &ric "all and comes to a stop in 0.) s. (a,
$hat is the chan!e in momentum' (&, $hat is the impulse' (c, $hat is the a0era!e #orce
on the "all durin! the crash' Take + to e to!ard the !all. ( -0 m+h 1 11.1 m+s,
p = mv
f
" mv
o
= # $ ()500 !,(11.1 m+s,. p 1 - )/,*00 ! m+s
%mp&lse = p; F t = $)/,*00 ! m+s
3orce 45 truc6
)/,*00
.
0.) s
F

= 3 1 -129,000 5
3orce on "all is opposite, so 3 1 7 129,000 5
9--. $hat is the momentum o# a 2-! &ullet mo0in! at 600 m+s in a direction 20
0
a&o0e the
hori8ontal' $hat are the hori8ontal and 0ertical components o# this momentum'
p = mv = (2 !,(600 m+s,. p 1 1*00 ! m+s, 20
0
p
9
1 1*00 cos 20
0
and p
y
= 1*00 sin 20
0
. p
'
= ()*# ! m+s. p
y
1 900 ! m+s
101
20
0
600 m+s
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
:9-5. A 0.)-! &ase&all tra0elin! to the le#t at )0 m+s is dri0en in the opposite direction at 25
m+s "hen it is hit &y a &at. ;he a0era!e #orce on the &all is 6-00 5. <o" lon! "as it in
contact "ith the &at' ( %mp&lse = change in moment&m. )
F t = mv
f
" mv
o
= (0.) !,(25 m+s, = (0.) !,(-)0 m+s,
(6-00 5, t 1 11 ! m+s. t 1 1./) ms
:9-6. A &at e9erts an a0era!e #orce o# )-* l& on 0.6-l& &all #or 0.01 s. ;he incomin! 0elocity o#
the &all "as -- #t+s. I# it lea0es in the opposite direction "hat is its 0elocity'
+hoose positive + as direction a!ay from the at, making incoming all velocity
negative-
F t = mv
f
" mv
o
; F t = mv
f
" mv
o
;
)
0.6 l&
0.01*/5 slu!s
2) #t+s
m = =
()-0 l&,(0.01 s, 1 (0.01*/5 slu!s,v
f
$ (0.01*/5 slu!s,(--- #t+s,
0.01*/5 v
f
= ).- l& s = 0.*)5. v
f
= *-.0 #t+s
:9-/. A 500-! &all tra0els #rom le#t to ri!ht at )0 m+s. A &at dri0es the &all in the opposite
direction "ith a 0elocity o# 26 m+s. ;he time o# contact "as 0.002 s. $hat "as the
a0era!e #orce on the &all' ( m = #.) !, v
o
= 7)0 m+s, v
f
= -26 m+s, t 1 0.002 s ,
F t = mv
f
" mv
o
; F(0.002 s, 1 (0.5 !,(-26 m+s, = (0.5 !,()0 m+s,
1* ! m+s - 10 ! m+s
0.002 s
F

= ; F = 9220 5
:9-*. A -00-! ru&&er &all is dropped a 0ertical distance o# 1) m onto the pa0ement. It is in
contact "ith the pa0ement #or 0.01 s and re&ounds to a hei!ht o# 10 m. $hat is the total
chan!e in momentum' $hat a0era!e #orce is e9erted on the &all'
10)
t
-)0 m+s
25 m+s
7
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
To apply the imp&lse$moment&m theorem, !e need to first find the velocities
.&st efore and .&st after impact !ith the gro&nd.
/0
p
)
1eginning
= /0
k
)
2ro&nd
; mgh
o
= mv
o
2
;
)
0 0
) )(9.* m+s ,(1) m, v gh = = v
o
1 - 15.2 m+s
>mv
f
2
= mgh
f
;
)
)(9.* m+s ,(10 m,
f
v = v
f
= + 1- m+s
Ft = mv
f
" mv
o
; F(0.01 s, = (0.- !,(1- m+s, = (0.- !,(-15.2 m+s,. F 1 11/0 5
:9-9. A cue stic stries an ei!ht-&all "ith an a0era!e #orce o# *0 5 o0er a time o# 1) ms. I# the
mass o# the &all is )00 !, "hat "ill &e its 0elocity'
Ft = mv
f
" mv
o
; (*0 5,(0.01) s, = (0.) !,v
f
= 0. v = -.*0 m+s
9-10. A !ol#er hits a -6 ! !ol# &all "ith an initial 0elocity o# 50 m+s at 20
0
. $hat are the '$ and
y-components o# the momentum imparted to the &all'
v
'
1 (50, cos 20
0
1 -2.2 m+s . v
y
1 (50, sin 20
0
1 )5.0 m+s
p
'
= (0.0-6 !,(-2.2 m+s,. p
y
1 (0.0-6 !,()5 m+s, p
'
= 1.99 ! m+s. p
y
1 1.15 m+s
:9-11. ;he #ace o# the clu& in Pro&lem 9-10 is in contact "ith the &all #or 1.5 ms. $hat are the
hori8ontal and 0ertical components o# the a0era!e #orce on the &all'
We need to treat hori3ontal and vertical imp&lses and momenta separately-
From previo&s prolem- p
o
= #, p
f
= 1.99 ! m+s, p
fy
= 1.15 ! m+s
F
'
t = p
f'
" p
o'
=1.99 ! m+s.
1.99 ! m+s
0.0015 s
'
F = . F
'
1 1220 5
F
'
t = p
f'
" p
o'
=1.15 ! m+s.
1.15 ! m+s
0.0015 s
y
F = . F
y
1 /6/ 5

102
v
f
10 m
h
#
1) m
v
o
v
y
v
'
20
0
50 m+s
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
Conservation of Momentum
9-1). A sprin! is ti!htly compressed &et"een a 6-! &loc and a )=! &loc and then tied "ith a
strin!. $hen the strin! &reas, the )-! &loc mo0es to the ri!ht "ith a 0elocity o# 9
m+s. $hat is the 0elocity o# the 6-! &loc'
;otal moment&m is 3ero efore and after the event.
0 7 0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
) )
1
1
() !,(9 m+s,
(6 !,
m v
v
m

= =
. v
(
= $ 2.00 m+s
9-12. ;"o masses, one three times that o# the other, are compressed a!ainst a sprin! and then
tied to!ether on a #rictionless sur#ace as sho"n in 3i!. 9-*. ;he connectin! strin!
&reas and sends the smaller mass to the le#t "ith a 0elocity o# 10 m+s. $hat "as the
0elocity o# the lar!er mass'
4oment&m 3ero efore and after- 0 7 0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2


1 1
)
)
(10 m+s,
(2m,
mv m
v
m

= =
. v
(
= $ 2.22 m+s
9-1-. A /0-! person standin! on a #rictionless sur#ace thro"s a #oot&all #or"ard "ith a 0elocity
o# 1) m+s. I# the person mo0es &ac"ard at 2- cm+s, "hat "as the mass o# the #oot&all'
4oment&m 3ero efore and after- 0 7 0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2

1 1
)
)
(/0 !,(0.2- m+s,
(-1) m+s,
mv
m
v

= =
. m
2
= 1.9* m+s
9-15. A )0-! child is at rest in a "a!on. ;he child %umps #or"ard at ) m+s, sendin!
the "a!on &ac"ard at 1) m+s. $hat is the mass o# the "a!on'
10-
v
(
m
2
= ) !
m
(
= 6 !
!
v
2
v
(
v
2
10 m+s
5m
m
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
) )
1
1
()0 !,() m+s,
(-1) m+s,
m v
m
v

= =
. m
(
= $ 2.22 !
9-16. ;"o children, "ei!hin! *0 and 50 l&, are at rest on roller sates. ;he lar!er child pushes
so that the smaller mo0es a"ay at 6 mi+h. $hat is the 0elocity o# the lar!er child'
0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
) )
1
1
(50 l&,(6 #t+s,
(*0 l&,
m v
v
m

= =
. v
(
= $ 2./5 #t+s
/6ere !ere ale to &se the !eight eca&se it is proportional to the mass)
9-1/. A 60-! #irecracer e9plodes, sendin! a -5-! piece to the le#t and another to the ri!ht "ith a
0elocity o# -0 m+s. $hat is the 0elocity o# the -5-! piece'
The t!o pieces add to 60 !- m
(
+ m
2
= *# !. ;hus, m
(
= 7) g, m
2
= () g
0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
) )
1
1
(15 !,(-0 m+s,
(-5 !,
m v
v
m

= =
. v
(
= $ 12.2 m+s
:9-1*. A )--! &ullet is #ired "ith a mu88le 0elocity o# 900 m+s #rom a 5-! ri#le. 3ind the recoil
0elocity o# the ri#le and the ratio o# the inetic ener!y o# the &ullet to that o# the ri#le'
0 1 m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
) )
1
1
()- !,(900 m+s,
(5000 !,
m v
v
m

= =
. v
(
= $ -.2) m+s
) )
) )
> ()- !,(900 m+s,
> (5000 !,(-.2) m+s,
k
kr r r
0 m v
0 m v
= =
. ?atio 1 )0*
:9-19. A 6-! &o"lin! &all collides head on "ith 1.*-! pin. ;he pin mo0es #or"ard at 2 m+s
and the &all slo"s to 1.6 m+s. $hat "as the initial 0elocity o# the &o"lin! &all'
m

&

+ # = m

v

+ m
p
v
p
; (6 !,&

= (6 !,(1.6 m+s, 7 (1.* !,(2 m+s,
*&

= 8.* m+s 7 5.- m+s. &

= ).50 m+s
105
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
:9-)0. A 60-! man on a lae o# ice catches a )-! &all. ;he &all and man each mo0e at * cm+s
a#ter the &all is cau!ht. $hat "as the 0elocity o# the &all &e#ore it "as cau!ht' $hat
ener!y "as lost in the process' (9 completely inelastic collision- v
c
= v
m
= v

1 * cm+s,
m

&

+ m
m
&
m
= /m

+ m
m
)v
c
; () !,&

+ # = () ! 7 60 !,(0.0* m+s,
2&

= -.96 m+s. &

1 ).-* m+s
m

&

2
+ # =/m

+ m
m
)v
c
2
; () !,().-* m+s,
)
1 >(6) !,(0.0* m+s,
)
7 @oss
:oss = 6.15 A = 0.19* A. :oss = 5.95 A
:9-)1. A )00-! roc tra0elin! south at 10 m+s stries a 2-! &loc initially at rest. (a, I# the t"o
stic to!ether on collision, "hat "ill &e their common 0elocity' (&, $hat ener!y "as
lost in the collision'
m
r
&
r
+ m

&

= /m
r
+ m

)v
c
; (0.) !,(10 m+s, + # = (0.) ! 7 2 !,v
c
) m+s 1 2.) v
c
. v
c
1 0.6)5 m+s
m
r
&
r
2
+ # =/m
r
+ m

)v
c
2
; (0.) !,(10 m+s,
)
1 > (2.) !,(0.6)5 m+s,
)
7 @oss
:oss =10.0 A = 0.6)5 A. :oss = 9.2* A
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
9-)). A car tra0elin! at * m+s crashes into a car o# identical mass stopped at a tra##ic li!ht. $hat
is the 0elocity o# the "reca!e immediately a#ter the crash, assumin! the cars stic
to!ether' ( &
(
= *.00 m+s. &
2
= #, m
(
= m
2
= m)
m&
(
+ m&
2
= /m + m)v
c
; m&
(
= 2mv
c
106
0
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
1
* m+s
) )
c
&
v = = . v
c
= -.00 m+s
9-)2. A )000-! truc tra0elin! at 10 m+s crashes into a 1)00-! car initially at rest. $hat is the
common 0elocity a#ter the collision i# they stic to!ether' $hat is the loss in ener!y'
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
; ()000 !,(10 m+s, + # = ()000 ! 7 1)00 !,v
c
)0,000 m+s 1 2)00 v
c
. v
c
1 6.)5 m+s
m
(
&
(
2
+ # =/m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
2
; ()000 !,(10 m+s,
)
1 >(2)00 !,(6.)5 m+s,
)
7 @oss
:oss = 100,000 A = 6),500 A. :oss = 2/,500 A
9-)-. A 20-! child stands on a #rictionless sur#ace. ;he #ather thro"s a 0.*-! #oot&all "ith a
0elocity o# 15 m+s. $hat 0elocity "ill the child ha0e a#ter catchin! the #oot&all'
m
(
&
(
+ 0 = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; (0.* !,(15 m+s, = (20 ! 7 0.* !,v
c
(20.* !,v
c
= 1) m+s. v
c
=0.290 m+s
:9-)5. A )0-! o&%ect tra0elin! to the le#t at * m+s collides head on "ith a 10-! o&%ect tra0elin! to
the ri!ht at 5 m+s. $hat is their com&ined 0elocity a#ter impact'
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
; ()0 !,(-* m+s, + (10 !,(5 m+s, = ()0 ! 7 10 !,v
c
-110 m+s 1 20 v
c
. v
c
1 -2.6/ m+s, to le#t
:9-)6. 3ind the percent loss o# ener!y #or the collision in Pro&lem 9-)5.
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ m
2
&
2
2
=/m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
2
+ :oss
>()0 !,(-* m+s,
)
7 (10 !,(5 m+s,
)
1 >(20 !,(-2.6/ m+s,
)
7 @oss
/65 A 1 )0) A 7 :oss; :oss = )*5 ;; <:oss =
562 A
/65 A
= /2.6B
10/
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
:9-)/. A )-! &loc o# clay is tied to the end o# a strin! as sho"n in
3i!. 9-9. A 500-! steel &all em&eds itsel# into the clay causin! &oth
to rise a hei!ht o# )0 cm. 3ind the entrance 0elocity o# the &all'
1efore applying moment&m conservation, !e need to kno! the common velocity of the
clay and all after the collision. 0nergy is conserved - /m
(
+ m
2
) v
c
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
) gh
)
) )(9.* m+s ,(0.)0 m,
c
v gh = = ; v
c
= 1.9* m+s
m
(
&
(
+ 0 = /m
(
+ m
2
)

v
c
; (0.5 !, &
(
= (0.5 ! 7 ) !,(1.9* m+s,
(0.5 !,&
(
= -.95 m+s. &
(
= 9.90 m+s
:9-)*. In Pro&lem 9-)/, suppose the 500-! &all passes entirely throu!h the clay an emer!es "ith
a 0elocity o# 10 m+s. "hat must &e the ne" entrance 0elocity i# the &loc is to raise to the
same hei!ht o# )0 cm'
We m&st find the velocity v
2
of the clay /m
2
) after collision-
/m
(
+ m
2
) v
2
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
) gh

)
) )(9.* m+s ,(0.)0 m,
c
v gh = = ; v
2
= 1.9* m+s.
4oment&m is conserved- m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
;
(0.5 !,&
(
= (0.5 !,(10 m+s, 7 () !,(1.9* m+s,. &
(
= 1/.9 m+s
:9-)9. A 9-! &ullet is em&edded into a ).0 ! &allistic pendulum (see 3i!. *-12,. $hat "as the
initial 0elocity o# the &ullet i# the com&ined masses rise to a hei!ht o# 9 cm'
/m
(
+ m
2
) v
c
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
) gh
)
) )(9.* m+s ,(0.09 m,
c
v gh = = ; v
c
= 1.22 m+s
m
(
&
(
+ 0 = /m
(
+ m
2
)

v
c
; (0.009 !, &
(
= (0.009 ! 7 ) !,(1.22 m+s,
10*
10 m+s
h
h
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
(0.009 !,&
(
= ).6* m+s. &
(
= )9/ m+s
:9-20. A &illiard &all mo0in! to the le#t at 20 cm+s collides head on "ith another &all mo0in! to
the ri!ht at )0 cm+s. ;he masses o# the &alls are identical. I# the collision is per#ectly
elastic, "hat is the 0elocity o# each &all a#ter impact' /+onsider right as +.)
Momentum6 m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
2iven- m
(
= m
2
= m, v
(
= $20 cm+s, v
2
= #
m(-20 cm+s, 7 0 1 mv
(
+ mv
2
; v
(
+ v
2
1 (-20 cm+s, 7 ()0 cm+s,. v
(
+ v
2
1 -10 cm+s
0nergy /e = ()- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= /$20 cm+s, = ()0 cm+s,. v
2
" v
(
= $ 50 cm+s
From second e=&ation6 v
2
= v
(
= 50 cm+s. >&stit&ting this for v
2
, !e otain-
v
(
+ (v
1
- 50 cm+s, = $ 10 cm+s. and v
(
= )0 cm+s, to right
9nd, v
2
= v
(
" 50 cm+s 1 ()0 cm+s, = 50 cm+s. v
2
= $20 cm+s, to left
9-21. ;he coe##icient o# restitution #or steel is 0.90. I# a steel &all is
dropped #rom a hei!ht o# / m, ho" hi!h "ill it re&ound'
) ) ) ) )
) 1
1 1
. . (/ m,(0.9,
h h
e e h h e
h h
= = = =
. h
2
=5.6/ m
:9-2). $hat is the time &et"een the #irst contact "ith the sur#ace and the second contact #or
Pro&lem 9-21' (We need to kno! v
o
to rise to 5.6/ m, then find t.)
) )
0 0
> . 0 ) )(9.* m+s ,(5.6/ m, mv mgh gh = = = ; v
o
= 10.5- m+s
0
) )(5.6/ m,
.
) 0 10.5- m+s
f
o
v v
s
s t t
v
+
= = =
+
.
t = 1.0/ s. ; 1 )t. ; 1 ).15 s
109
h
2
h
(

/ m
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
:9-22. A &all dropped #rom rest onto a #i9ed hori8ontal plate re&ounds to a hei!ht that is *1
percent o# its ori!inal hei!ht. $hat is the coe##icient o# restitution' $hat is the reCuired
0elocity on the #irst impact to cause the &all to re&ound to a hei!ht o# * m.
)
1
0.*1.
h
e
h
= =
e = 0.900
) 1
1 )
v v
e
& &

. v
2
= &
2
= #;
1 1 1
1
1
.
(0.9,
v v v
e &
& e

= = =
; &
(
= $1.11v
(
) )
1 1
> . 0 ) )(9.* m+s ,(* m, mv mgh gh = = = ; v
(
= $1).5 m+s
&
(
= $1.11v
(
; &
(
= -1.11(-1).5 m+s,. &
(
= 12.9 m+s
:9-2-. A 200-! &loc mo0in! north at 50 cm+s collides "ith a )00-! &loc mo0in! south at 100
cm+s. I# the collision is completely inelastic, "hat is their common 0elocity a#ter sticin!
to!ether' $hat is the loss in ener!y' /+onsider north as positive)
4oment&m6 m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; v
(
= v
2
= v
c
for inelastic collision
(200 !,(50 cm+s, 7 ()00 !,(-100 cm+s, 1 (200 ! 7 )00 !,v
c
15,000 ! cm+s = )0,000 ! cm+s 1 (500 !,v
c
; v
c
= -10 cm+s, so&th
/?ote- When !orking !ith energy, it is necessary to &se ! for the mass &nit.)
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ m
2
&
2
2
=/m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
2
+ :oss
>(0.2 !,(-* m+s,
)
7 (0.) !,(5 m+s,
)
1 >(0.2 ! 7 0.) !,(-2.6/ m+s,
)
7 @oss
>olving for @lossA, !e otain- :oss = 0.125 A
:9-25. Duppose the collision in Pro&. 9-2- is per#ectly elastic. 3ind the 0elocities a#ter impact.
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m
(
= 5## !, m
2
= )00 !, &
(
= 50 cm+s, &
2
1 - 100 cm+s
(200 !,(50 cm+s, 7 ()00 !,(-100 cm+s, 1 (200 !,v
(
+ ()00 !,v
2
110
7
h
(
h
2
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
Bividing each term y (## !6 2 v
(
+ 2 v
2
= $ 50 cm+s
0nergy /e = ()- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= (50 cm+s, = (-100 cm+s,. v
2
" v
(
= 150 cm+s
>&stit&te v
2
= v
(
+ 150 cm+s into the earlier e=&ation and solve for v
(
-
2 v
(
+ ) (v
(
7 150 cm+s, 1 - 50 cm+s. v
(
1 -*0 cm+s, to left
v
2
= (-*0 cm+s, 1 150 cm+s. v
2
1 /0 cm+s, to right
:9-26. A 5-l& and a 1)-l& o&%ect approach each other "ith eCual 0elocities o# )5 #t+s. $hat "ill
&e their 0elocities a#ter impact i# the collision is (a, completely inelastic or (&, per#ectly
elastic' >ince !eight is proportional to mass, !e !ill &se the !eights instead.
4oment&m6 W
(
&
(
+ W
2
&
2
= W
(
v
(
+ W
2
v
2
; v
(
= v
2
= v
c
for inelastic collision
(5 l&,()5 #t+s, 7 (1) l&,(-)5 #t+s, 1 (5 l& 7 1) l&,v
c
; v
c
= $10.2 #t+s
0lastic case- (5 l&,()5 #t+s, 7 (1) l&,(-)5 #t+s, 1 (5 l&,v
(
+ (1) l&,v
2
;
Bividing each term y ) l&6 v
(
+ ).- v
2
= $ 25 #t+s
0nergy /e = ()- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= ()5 #t+s, = (=)5 #t+s,. v
2
" v
(
= 50 #t+s
>&stit&te v
(
= v
2
$ 50 #t+s into the earlier e=&ation and solve for v
(
-
(v
2
" )# #t+s, 7 ).- v
2
1 - 25 #t+s. v
2
1 -.-1 #t+s
v
(
= v
2
= 50 #t+s 1 -.-1 #t+s = 50 #t+s. v
(
1 --5.6 #t+s
Challenge Problems
9-2/. An a0era!e #orce o# -000 5 acts on a -00-! piece o# metal causin! it to mo0e #rom rest to
a 0elocity o# 20 m+s. $hat "as the time o# contact #or this #orce'
F t = mv
f
" mv
o
= (0.- !,(20 m+s, = 0.
111
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
(-000 5,t 1 1) ! m+s. t 1 2.00 ms
:9-2*. An 600-! o&%ect "hose 0elocity is initially 1) m+s, collides "ith a "all and re&ounds
"ith hal# o# its ori!inal inetic ener!y. $hat impulse "as applied &y the "all'
>mv
#
2
= 2/mv
f
2
) ;
) )
0
(1) m+s,
. *.-9 m+s
) )
f f
v
v v = = =
F t = mv
f
" mv
o
= (0.6 !,( =).-5 m+s, = (0.6 !,(1) m+s,. F t = -1).2 5 m
:9-29. A 10-! &loc at rest on a hori8ontal sur#ace is struc &y a )0-! &ullet mo0in! at )00
m+s. ;he &ullet passes entirely throu!h the &loc and e9its "ith a 0elocity o# 10 m+s.
$hat is the 0elocity o# the &loc'
m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m
(
= 0.0) !
(0.0) !,()00 m+s, 1 (0.0) !,(10 m+s, 7 (10 !,v
2
; v
2
= 0.2*0 m+s
9--0. In Pro&lem 9-29, ho" much inetic ener!y "as lost'
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ # = m
(
v
(
2
+ m
2
v
2
2
+ :oss
>(0.) !,()00 m+s,
)
1 (0.) !,(10 m+s,
)
+ >(10 !,(0.2*0 m+s,
)
7 @oss
>olving for @lossA, !e otain- :oss =2990 A
:9--1. A 60-! &ody ha0in! an initial 0elocity o# 100 cm+s to the ri!ht collides "ith a 150-! &ody
mo0in! to the le#t at 20 cm+s. ;he coe##icient o# restitution is 0.*. $hat are the
0elocities a#ter impact. $hat percent o# the ener!y is lost in collision'
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m
(
= *# !, m
2
= 150 !, &
(
= 100 cm+s, &
2
1 - 20 cm+s
(60 !,(100 cm+s, 7 (150 !,(-20 cm+s, 1 (60 !,v
(
+ (150 !,v
2
Bivide each term y 60 ! and simplify6 v
(
+ 2.) v
2
= )5 cm+s
11)
v
2
= C
v
(
= 10 m+s
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
v
2
" v
(
= e/&
(
" &
2
); v
2
" v
(
= 0.*E100 cm+s = (-20 cm+s,F. v
2
" v
(
= 10- cm+s
>olve for v
(
- v
(
= v
2
= 10- cm+s. ?o! s&stit&te to find v
2
.
:9--1. (Cont., (v
2
= 10- cm+s, 7 ).5 v
2
= )5 cm+s. v
2
= 26.9 cm+s, to right
v
(
= v
2
= 10- cm+s 1 (26.9 cm+s, = 10- cm+s. v
(
= -6/.1 cm+s, to left
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ m
2
&
2
2
= m
(
v
(
2
+ m
2
v
2
2
+ :oss
For energy !e m&st &se >% &nits !ith mass in @!G and velocity in Am+s.A
0
ok
= >(0.06 !,(1 m+s,
)
7 >(0.15 !,(-0.2 m+s,
)
. 0
ok
1 0.026/5 A
0
fk
= (0.06 !,(-0.6/1 m+s,
)
+ >(0.15 !,(0.269 m+s,
)
. 0
fk
1 0.0)2/ A
0.026/5 A - 0.0)2/ A
B 100 100
0.026/5 A
ok fk
ok
0 0
:oss
0


= =



<:oss = 25.5B
:9--). ;he &loc in 3i!. 9-6 "ei!hs 6 l&. <o" hi!h "ill it rise i# a 0.--l& pro%ectile "ith an
initial 0elocity o# 90 #t+s em&eds itsel# into the &loc'
4oment&m is conserved- m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m W
(0.- l&,(90 #t+s
)
, = (0.- ! 7 6 l&,v
c
v
c
= 5.6)5 #t+s
?o!, !e can find h &sing conservation of energy and the common initial velocity v
c
-
/m
(
+ m
2
) v
2
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
) gh ; The mass divides o&t.
) )
0
)
(5.6)5 #t+s,
) )(2) #t+s ,
v
h
g
= = ; h 1 0.-9- #t. h 1 5.92 in.
:9--2. A sin!le railroad car mo0in! north at 10 m+s stries t"o identical, coupled cars initially
mo0in! south at ) m+s. I# all three couple to!ether a#ter collidin!, "hat is their common
0elocity' m
1
1 m
)
1 m
2
1 m. &
(
= 10 m+s. &
)
1 &
5
= $) m+s. v
(
= v
)
1 v
5
=v
c
4oment&m is conserved- m&
(
+ m/&
2
+ &
5
) = /5m)v
c
/4ass divides o&t.)
112
h
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
10 m+s = ) m+s = ) m+s 1 2 v
c
; v
c
= ).00 m+s, north
:9---. An atomic particle o# mass ).00 9 10
-)/
! mo0es "ith a 0elocity o# -.00 9 10
6
and
collides head on "ith a particle o# mass 1.)0 9 10
-)/
! initially at rest. Assumin! a
per#ectly elastic collision, "hat is the 0elocity o# the incident particle a#ter the collision'
m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m
(
= 2 ' (#
$2D
!, m
2
= 1.) 9 10
-)/
!, &
(
= - 9 10
6
m+s
(2 ' (#
$2D
!,( - 9 10
6
m+s, 1 () 9 10
-)/
!,v
(
+ (1.) 9 10
-)/
! ,v
2
Bividing each term y ) 9 10
-)/
!6 v
(
+ 0.6 v
2
= - 9 10
6
m+s
0nergy /e = ()- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= - 9 10
6
m+s = 0 . v
2
" v
(
= - 9 10
6
m+s
>&stit&te v
2
= / v
(
+ - 9 10
6
m+s, into the earlier e=&ation and solve for v
(
-
v
(
+ 0.6 (v
(
7 - 9 10
6
m+s, 1 - 9 10
6
m+s. v
(
1 1.00 9 10
6
m+s
:9--5. A &at stries a -00-! so#t&all mo0in! hori8ontally to the le#t at )0 m+s. It lea0es the &at
"ith a 0elocity o# 60 m+s at an an!le o# 20
0
"ith the hori8ontal. $hat are the hori8ontal
and 0ertical components o# the impulse imparted to the &all'
First find components of velocity- v
('
= $ )0 m+s. v
(y
= #
v
2'
= (60 cos 20
0
, 1 5).0 m+s. v
2y
= (60 sin 20
0
, 1 20 m+s
F
'
t = ; = mv
2'
" mv
('
; ;
'
= (0.- !,(5).0 m+s, = (0.- !,(-)0 m+s,. ;
'
= )*.* 5 s
F
y
t = ; = mv
2y
" mv
(y
; ;
y
= (0.- !,(20 m+s, = 0 . ;
y
= 1).0 5 s
:9--6. I# the &at in Pro&lem 9--5 "as in contact "ith the &all #or 5 ms, "hat "as the ma!nitude
o# the a0era!e #orce on the so#t&all'
9
)*.* 5 s
5/60 5
0.005 s
F = = .
y
1).0 5 s
)-00 5
0.005 s
F = =
) ) ) )
(5/60 5, ()-00 5,
' y
F F F = + = + . F = 6)-0 5
11-
v
('
-)0 m+s
v
2y
v
2'
20
0
60 m+s
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
:9--/. A cart A has a mass o# 200 ! and mo0es on a #rictionless air trac at 1.- m+s "hen it hits
a second cart H at rest. ;he collision is per#ectly elastic and the 200-! cartIs 0elocity is
reduced to 0.6)0 m+s a#ter the collision. $hat "as the mass o# the other cart and "hat
"as its 0elocity a#ter the collision' m
(
= 200 !. &
(
= 1.- m+s. v
(
= 0.6)0 m+s
m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; (200 !,(1.- m+s, 1 (200 !,(0.6)0 m+s, 7 m
2
v
2
m
2
v
2
= )2- ! m+s. 0lastic collision- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= (1.- m+s, = 0
v
2
= v
(
+ 1.- m+s 1 0.6)0 m+s 7 1.- m+s. v
2
= ).0) m+s
) ) )
)2- ! m+s
)2- ! m+s. m
).0) m+s
m v = = m
2
= 116 !
:9--*. I# the collision in 3i!. 9-10, assume that the collision o# the t"o masses is completely
inelastic. $hat is the common 0elocity a#ter the collision and "hat is the ratio o# the
#inal inetic ener!y to the initial inetic ener!y'
m
(
&
(
+ # = /m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
; &
(
= 15 m+s
(1 !,(15 m+s, + 0 = (1 ! 7 ) !,v
c
v
c
= 5.00 m+s
) )
) 1 )
) )
1 1 1
>( , (2 !,(5 m+s,
> (1 !,(15 m+s,
k c
k
0 m m v
0 m&
+
= =
. Eatio = 0.222
:9--9. Assume the collision in Pro&lem 9--* is per#ectly elastic. $hat is the 0elocity o# each
mass a#ter the collision'
0lastic- m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
and v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
(1 !,(15 m+s, 1 (1 !,v
(
+ () !,v
2
; v
(
+ 2v
2
= 15 m+s . v
(
= 15 m+s = ) v
2

v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= (15 m+s, = 0. v
2
= 15 m+s 7 v
(

v
2
= 15 m+s 7 (15 m+s = )v
2
). v
2
= 10 m+s . v
(
= 15 m+s = )(10 m+s , 1 -5 m+s
115
15 m+s
) ! 1 !
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
v
(
= $5 m+s and v
2
= 10 m+s
:9-50. A )-! mass mo0es to ri!ht at ) m+s and collides "ith a 6-! mass mo0in! to the le#t at -
m+s. (a, I# the collision is completely inelastic, "hat is their common 0elocity a#ter
collidin!, and ho" much ener!y is lost in the collision'
4oment&m6 m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; v
(
= v
2
= v
c
for inelastic collision
() !,() m+s, 7 (6 !,(-- m+s, 1 () ! 7 6 !,v
c
- ! m+s = )- ! m+s 1 (* !,v
c
; v
c
= -).50 m+s
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ m
2
&
2
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
2
+ :oss
>() !,() m+s,
)
7 (6 !,(-- m+s,
)
1 >() ! 7 6 !,(-).50 m+s,
)
7 @oss
>olving for @lossA, !e otain- :oss = )/.0 A
::9-51. In Pro&lem 9-50, assume the collision is per#ectly elastic. $hat are the 0elocities a#ter
the collision'
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m
(
= 2 !, m
2
= 6 !, &
(
= ) m+s, &
2
1 - - m+s
() !,() m+s, 7 (6 !,(-- m+s, 1 () !,v
(
+ 6 !,v
2
Bividing each term y 2 !6 v
(
+ 2 v
2
= $ 10 m+s
0nergy /e = ()- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2
= () m+s, = (-- m+s,. v
2
" v
(
= 6 m+s
>&stit&te v
2
= v
(
+ 6 m+s into the earlier e=&ation and solve for v
(
-
v
(
+ 2(v
(
7 6 m+s, 1 - 10 m+s. v
(
1 -/.00 m+s
v
2
= (-/.00 m+s, 1 6 m+s. v
2
1 -1.00 m+s
116
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
Critical Thinking uestions
:9-5). An astronaut in or&it outside a capsule uses a re0ol0er to control motion. ;he astronaut
"ith !ear "ei!hs )00 l& on the earth. I# the re0ol0er #ires 0.05-l& &ullets at )/00 #t+s, and
10 shots are #ired, "hat is the #inal 0elocity o# the astronaut' Compare the #inal inetic
ener!y o# the ten &ullets "ith that o# the astronaut. $hy is the di##erence so !reat'
0 7 0 1 W
a
v
a
+ W

;
(0.05 l&,()/00 #t+s,
)00 l&

a
a
W v
v
W

= =
; v
a
= $0.6/5 #t+s
0ach shot changes v
a
y "#.*D) m+s6 v
f
= 10(0.6/5 m+s,. v
f
= $ 6./5 #t+s
We need masses-
)
0.05 l&
0.00156 slu!s
2) #t+s

m = = ;
)
)00 l&
6.)5 slu!s
2) #t+s

m = =
0
k
= 10 (>mv

2
) = (5,(0.00156 slu!s,()/00 #t+s,
)
. 0
k
1 56,950 #t l&
0
ka
= m
a
v
a
2
= >(6.)5 slu!s,(6./5 #t+s,
)
. 0
ka
= 1-) #t l&
The kinetic energy of the &llets is m&ch larger eca&se !hen finding the
kinetic energy, one m&st deal !ith the s=&are of velocity. The speeds dominate.
:9-52. In applyin! conser0ation o# momentum #or collidin! o&%ects to #ind #inal 0elocities, could
"e use the "ei!ht o# the o&%ects instead o# the mass' $hy, or "hy not' Jeri#y your
ans"er &y applyin! it to one o# the e9amples in the te9t.
>ince !eight is proportional to mass- W = mg, and since mass appears in every term
involving conservation of moment&m, the !eight can e &sed instead of the mass to
calc&late either velocities or !eights of colliding o.ects. For e'ample, see Fro. 8$5*.
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
1 ) 1 )
1 ) 1 )
W W W W
& & v v
g g g g
+ = +
11/
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
W
(
&
(
+ W
2
&
2
= W
(
v
(
+ W
2
v
2
:9-5-. A )0-! &ullet, mo0in! at )00 m+s, stries a 10-! "ooden &loc and passes entirely
throu!h it, emer!in! "ith a 0elocity o# 10 m+s. $hat is the 0elocity o# the &loc a#ter
impact' <o" much ener!y "as lost'
m
(
&
(
+ # = m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
(0.0)0 !,()00 m+s, 1 (0.0)0 !,(10 m+s, 7 (10 !,v
2
; v
2
= 0.2*0 m+s
+onservation of 0nergy- m
(
&
(
2
+ # = /m
(
+ m
2
)v
c
2
+ :oss
>(0.0) !,()00 m+s,
)
1 >(10.0) !,(0.2* m+s,
)
7 @oss :oss = 299 A
:9-55. A 0.20-! &ase&all mo0in! hori8ontally at -0 m+s is struc &y a &at. ;he &all is in contact
"ith the &at #or a time o# 5 ms, and it lea0es "ith a 0elocity o# 60 m+s at an an!le o# 20
0
,
"hat are the hori8ontal and 0ertical components o# the a0era!e #orce actin! on the &at'
First find components of velocity- v
('
= $ )0 m+s. v
(y
= #
v
2'
= (60 cos 20
0
, 1 5).0 m+s. v
2y
= (60 sin 20
0
, 1 20 m+s
F
'
t = mv
2'
" mv
('
= (0.2 !,(5).0 m+s, = (0.2 !,(--0 m+s,.
F
'
/#.##) s, 1 )/.6 5 s . F
'
= 55)0 5
F
y
t = mv
2y
" mv
(y
= (0.2 !,(20 m+s, = 0 . 3
y
(0.005 s, 1 9.00 5 s . 3
y
1 1*00 5
:9-56. $hen t"o masses collide they produce eCual &ut opposite impulses. ;he masses do not
chan!e in the collision, so the chan!e in momentum o# one should &e the ne!ati0e o# the
chan!e #or the other. Is this true "hether the collision is elastic or inelastic. Jeri#y your
ans"er &y usin! the data in Pro&lems 9-50 and 9-51.
4oment&m is conserved !hether energy is lost in collision or not. Therefore, e=&al &t
opposite imp&lses sho&ld al!ays prod&ce e=&al and opposite changes in moment&m.
11*
v
('
--0 m+s
v
2y
v
2'
20
0
60 m+s
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition
Fro. 8$)#- The test is !hether- m
(
v
(
" m
(
&
(
= $/ m
2
&
2
" m
2
v
2
); v
(
= v
2
1 -).5 m+s
:9-56. (Cont., () !,(-).50 m+s, - () !,() m+s, 1 -E(6 ! ,(-).50 m+s, - (6 !,(-- m+s,F
- 9 ! m+s 1 - 9 ! m+s. %t !orks for inelastic collisions.
Fro. 8$)(- >ame test- m
(
v
(
" m
(
&
(
= $/ m
2
v
2
" m
2
&
2
); v
( =
-/ m+s; v
2
1 -1 m+s
() !,(-/ m+s, - () !,() m+s, 1 -E(6 ! ,(-1 m+s, - (6 !,(-- m+s,F
- 1* ! m+s 1 - 1* ! m+s. %t also !orks for elastic collisions.
:9-5/. ;"o toy cars o# masses m and 2m approach each other, each tra0elin! at 5 m+s. I# they
couple to!ether, "hat is their common speed a#ter"ard' $hat are the 0elocities o# each
car i# the collision is per#ectly elastic' ( m
(
= m, m
2
= 5m, &
(
= ) m+s, &
2
= $ ) m+s ,
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= /m
(
+ m
2
) v
c
; m(5 m+s, 7 2m(-5 m+s, 1 (m 7 2m, v
c
-10 m+s 1 - v
c
; v
c
= $).50 m+s For inelastic case
m
(
&
(
+ m
2
&
2
= m
(
v
(
+ m
2
v
2
; m(5 m+s, 7 2m(-5 m+s, 1 mv
(
+ 5mv
2
v
(
+ 2 v
2
1 $10 m+s ; ?o! for elastic- v
2
" v
(
= &
(
" &
2

v
2
" v
(
= 5 m+s = (=5 m+s, 1 10 m+s. v
(
= v
2
" 10 m+s
(v
2
" 10 m+s, 7 2 v
2
= -10 m+s. v
2
= 0
v
(
= /#) " 10 m+s 1 - 10 m+s. v
1
1 -10 m+s
:9-5*. An *-! &ullet is #ired hori8ontally at t"o &locs restin! on a #rictionless sur#ace. ;he #irst
&loc has a mass o# 1-! and the second has a mass o# )-!. ;he &ullet passes
completely throu!h the #irst &loc and lod!es into the second. A#ter the collisions, the 1-
! &loc mo0es "ith a 0elocity o# 1 m+s and the )-! &loc mo0es "ith ) m+s. $hat is
the 0elocity o# the &ullet &e#ore and a#ter emer!in! #rom the #irst &loc'
$$Gserve the fig&re on the ne't page $$
119
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum Physics, 6
th
Edition

:9-5*. (Cont., Total moment&m at start = total moment&m at finish
(0.00* !, v
(
= (1 !,(1 m+s, 7 ().00* !,() m+s,. v
(
= 6)/ m+s
To find velocity emerging from 1-! mass, !e apply conservation to first lock only-
(0.00* !,(6)/ m+s, 1 (0.00* !,v
e
7 (1 !,(1 m+s, . v
e
= 50) m+s
:9-59. A 1-! mass A is attached to a support &y a cord o# len!th *0 cm, and it is held
hori8ontally as in 3i!. 9-11. A#ter release it s"in!s do"n"ard striin! the )-! mass H
"hich is at rest on a #rictionless ta&letop. Assumin! that the collision is per#ectly elastic
"hat are the 0elocities o# each mass immediately a#ter impact'
First find &
9
from energy of fall- mv
2
= mgh

)
) )(9.* m+s ,(0.* m, v gh = = . v = 2.96 m+s
m
9
&
9
+ # = m
9
v
9
+ m
1
v
1
; m
9
= 1 !. &
9
= 2.96 m+s
(1 !,(2.96 m+s, 1 (1 !,v
9
+ () !, v
1
v
9
7 ) v
1
1 2.96 m+s . 0lastic- v
1
" v
9
= &
9
" &
1
= 2.96 m+s = 0
v
1
" v
9
= 2.96 m+s . v
9
= v
1
" 2.96 m+s . >&stit&te for v
9
in the other e=&ation.
(v
1
" 2.96 m+s, 7 ) v
1
= 2.96 m+s. From !hich- v
1
= ).6- m+s
v
9
= v
1
" 2.96 m+s 1 ).6- m+s = 2.96 m+s. v
9
= -1.2) m+s
1)0
* !
) m+s
1 m+s
) !
1 !
m
9
= ) !
m
1
= ) !
@ 1 *0 cm