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STMicroelectronics
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LED Seminar
STMicroelectronics
2
Contents
1. 1. LED Basics LED Basics
2. 2. Driving High Brightness Driving High Brightness LEDs LEDs in General Lighting in General Lighting
Off Off- -line LED Drivers line LED Drivers
DC DC- -DC converters based solutions DC converters based solutions
3. 3. LED driving solutions for Signage LED driving solutions for Signage
4. 4. LED driving solutions for LCD Backlighting LED driving solutions for LCD Backlighting
STMicroelectronics
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Contents
STMicroelectronics
4
About High Brightness LEDs Physics.
An LED consists of several layers
of semiconducting material
When an LED is operated with DC
voltage light is generated in the
active layer
The generated light is radiated
directly or by reflections
In contrast to lamps, which emit a
continuous spectrum, an LED
emits light in a certain color
The color of the light depends on
the material used
Two types of material (lnGaAlP and
InGaN) are used to produce LED
with a high luminance in all colors
from blue to red and also in white
(luminescence conversion).
Therefore different forward
voltages are necessary to operate
the diode.
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LEDs Advantages & Drawbacks
Why LEDs?
High Efficiency (energy/TCO cost saving)
Environment Friendly (CO2 saving, mercury free, recyclable, etc)
Reliable (long life span)
Better Light Quality (CRI, directed light output)
Indestructible (shock, vibration)
Smaller Size, Light Weight
Fast Response (solid state lighting, easly dimmable)
Ambient Lighting Effects, etc..
LEDs drawbacks?
Thermal Management
Cost ($/Lumens)
Standardization
The
LED
Potential
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LED Driving Circuit: Basics
A LED Driving circuit is a type of power conversion circuit featuring two main
characteristics:
Delivers a constant average current to the load under all conditions
(eg. input voltage change, temperature change, VF change)
instead of constant voltage
Keeps ripple current at acceptable level under all conditions
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Driving Techniques
Resistor Limiting
Strenght: Inexpensive, Simple
Weakness: Current variation as V
F
changes
Poor efficiency
Heat generation on the current limiting resistor
Application: Low Power LEDs where brightness
resolution is not an issue
Linear Control Method
Strenght: Simple, high current accuracy
Weakness: Poor efficiency
Heat dissipation on the driver IC
Application: EMI sensitive designs and projects
where the drop between V
IN
and V
F
is minimum.
Switching Control Method
Strenght: High Efficiency, high current accuracy
Weakness: Relatively expensive, Circuit complexity
Application: Where heat and efficiency is an issue.
V
F V
IN
+
-
I
F
R
R
V V
I
F IN
F
=
V
IN
+
-
Feedback
R
L
V
IN
+
-
Control &
Feedback
R
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Display and sign
Full color video
Monochrome message boards
Variable message signs
Transportation - passenger
Information
Illumination
Architectural lighting
Flashlights
Machine vision
General illumination
Sign and marker lights
Neon and bulb replacement
Interior decoration lighting
LED Backlighting
Notebook
Netbook
LCD Panels
General backlighting
STCF0x
LED770x
PM660x
Traffic signals
Road traffic signals
Aviation
Railway
Navigation
Emergency/police signals
Automotive & Consumer
Interior/ Exterior lighting
Consumer electronics
Televisions
VCR/DVD/stereo/audio/video devices
Household appliances
Toys/games
Security equipment
LEDs Applications
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Contents
STMicroelectronics
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Residential
Lighting
Residential &
Commercial
Lighting
VIPer12A/15/17 (Flyback)
+
TSM10xx
O
u
t
p
u
t

P
o
w
e
r
*
[
W
]
Non-Isolated Isolated
10
25
100
L6562A/AT/3H (HPF)
+
DC/DC for each LED string
L6562A/AT/3H (PFC-Boost)
+
L6565/6 (Q.R. Controller)
+
+
L6599A/AT (Resonant Controller)
+
VIPerX2A/16 (Buck)
VIPer53-E (Buck)
VIPer22A-E/25/27/53-E (Flyback)
+
TSM10xx
VIPerX2A//X7 (N.I. Flyback)
+
TSM10xx
L6562A/AT
(Modified Buck Converter)
+
L6562A/AT
(Modified Buck Converter)
Off-Line LED Drivers: ST Solutions Offering
L6562A/AT
(Buck-Boost)
Architectural
& Street
Lighting
* Output power referred to wide input voltage range
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Street lights represent an attractive application for LED
lighting due to several factors.
Large number of streetlights
High maintenance costs due to height and
location over public roadways
Growing pressure for green lighting solutions to
reduce CO2 emissions
Desire for white light
Benefits of LEDs in Street Lighting
Longer lifespan and reduced maintenance costs over the expected practical lifetime of the
luminaries (~15 years)
An LED system, thanks to its directionality, illuminates more effectively the target area and
thus significantly reduces inefficiencies due to unwanted or not useful lighted areas.
Energy savings level of about 13% relative to the assumed 250W HPS baseline
Improved night visibility due to better Color Rendering Index, higher color temperature and
increased illuminance uniformity
The "instant-on/instant-off" and dimming capability of LEDs offer additional intrinsic value
through control strategies that can brighten and dim based on time of day, ambient light, or
any other control parameters desired.
Using LEDs in Street Lighting
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ST addresses the application with a solution based on PFC+LLC
ac mains
85305 Vac
48 V/130W
PFC
L6562AT
LLC
L6599AT
AC DC
90W 250W
L6562AT and L6599AT are guaranteed over -40 to +125 degrees
making them suitable for reliable power supply with very aggressive
form factor easily fitting all the current street lamp solutions.
R LED
Modified
Buck CC
regulator
DIMMING
R LED
Modified
Buck CC
regulator
DIMMING
LED Street Light : ST solution
EVALUATION BOARD
(http://www.st.com/evalboards)
Functionalities:
WIDE INPUT MAINS RANGE (85 to305 Vac)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE: 48V @ 2.7 A
EFFICIENCY: >90% @ 115Vac - FULL LOAD
NO-LOAD CONSUMPTION: 0.3W @ 230Vac
LONG LIFE, HIGH MTBF (NO ELCAPS)
MAINS HARMONICS: ACCORDING TO EN61000-3-2, JEITA-MITI
EMI: MEETS EN50022 CLASS B
SAFETY: MEETS EN60950
MIXED PTH/SMT FOR LABOR COST REDUCTION
1 HEAT SINK ONLY REQUIRED (FOR INPUT BRIDGE)
PCB DOUBLE LAYER 90x170 mm
MAXIMUM HEIGHT: 30 mm
ST Solution: EVL130W-STRLIG
Key Products:
L6562AT (EXT. TEMP. RANGE -40150C)
L6599AT (EXT. TEMP. RANGE -40150C)
STB21NM60N
STB8NM60N
STTH3L06U
STPS10150CG
SEA05
Typical Applications:
LED Street lighting
Hi-Reliability SMPS
Purpose & Positioning:
It addresses customers working on high end
lighting applications using high brightness LEDs,
where energy saving, long life time, robustness,
brightness regulation and of course very high
luminous efficiency is required. Main leading
application is the street lighting.
48V-130W LED STREET LIGHTING SMPS
48V-130W LED STREET LIGHTING SMPS
Demoboard available in Q4
Demoboard available in Q4
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Input voltage 48V (+/- 20%)
Output current (average): 0.35A
Output ripple current < 140mA (+/- 20%)
Output current setting / calibration
Digital dimming
Open / Short circuit protection
No electrolytic capacitor
ST Solution: EVL6562A-LED
Key Products:
L6562A
STPS2H100A
STN3NF06
Street lighting
Interior lighting
Decorative lighting
General lighting
It addresses customers working on lighting
applications using high brightness LEDs, where
energy saving, long life time, robustness,
brightness regulation and of course very high
luminous efficiency is required. It is suitable for
high input DC voltage LED drivers
Constant current modified Buck LED driver using the L6562A
Constant current modified Buck LED driver using the L6562A
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Modified buck converter - measurement
Measurement at nominal input voltage 48V with the output voltage V_led as a parameter
LED current (average, minimum, maximum) LED ripple current
Switching frequency
Efficiency
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Vin = 88V to
265V ac
Input Filter
Microcontroller
ST7LITEU05
PF controller
L6562A
PF controller
L6562A
PWM GENERATOR
MODIFIED BUCK CONVERTER HIGH POWER FACTOR BOOST CONVERTER
Brightness Control
400V
80W LOAD
HIGH POWER FACTOR BOOST CONVERTER:
Transition mode operation
Wide input voltage range 88V to 265V ac
Regulated output voltage 400V
MODIFIED BUCK CONVERTER:
Continuous conduction mode operation
Fix Off Time (FOT) network designed
LED current setting 350mA, 700mA and 1A
Design features:
STTH1L06
STP8NM50FP
STPSC806D
STF9NM50N
PWM GENERATOR:
PWM frequency 250Hz
0% to 100% DC variation
Input voltage 3.3V to 35V
PWM Generator
Ordering code:
STEVAL-ILL013V2
Off-line LED driver : ST solution
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
80W LED driver
LED current setting to 350mA, 700mA and 1A
High efficiency (~90%) and high Power Factor
Wide input voltage range 88V to 265V AC
Universal PWM input for dimming (ext. board required)
Not isolated SMPS
Brightness regulation between 0% and 100%
EMI filter implemented
EN55015 and EN61000-3-2 compliant
ST Solution: STEVAL-ILL013V1
Key Products:
L6562A
STTH1L06A
STF9NM50N
STP8NM50
STPSC806D
BUX87
Street lighting
Interior lighting
Decorative lighting
It addresses customers working on high end
lighting applications using high brightness LEDs,
where energy saving, long life time, robustness,
brightness regulation and very high luminous
efficiency is required. Main leading application is
the street lighting.
80W off-line LED driver with dimming based on L6562A
80W off-line LED driver with dimming based on L6562A
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STEVAL-ILL013V1 Measurement
LOAD: LE UW E3B - OSTAR LED FROM OSRAM
Power Factor
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265
Input voltage [V]
P
o
w
e
r

f
a
c
t
o
r

[
-
]
700mA@6LEDs
350mA@12LEDs
1A@4LEDs
Power Factor - zoom
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265
Input voltage [V]
P
o
w
e
r

f
a
c
t
o
r

[
-
]
700mA@6LEDs
350mA@12LEDs
1A@4LEDs
THD
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265
Input voltage [V]
T
H
D

[
%
]
700mA@6LEDs
350mA@12LEDs
1A@4LEDs
Efficiency
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
85 100 110 120 140 160 180 200 220 230 240 265
Input voltage [V]
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

[
%
]
700mA@6LEDs
350mA@12LEDs
1A@4LEDs
NOTE: Efficiency measured with PWM generator
STMicroelectronics
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ac mains
88 264 Vac
48 V bus
R LED G LED B LED
L6562A
Modified Buck
CC regulator
L6562A
Modified Buck
CC regulator
L6562A
Modified Buck
CC regulator
L6562A
High-PF Flyback
Converter
DIMMING DIMMING DIMMING
Modified Buck CC regulator block: reduced component count in case of customization
Up to 50W Applications: Transition Mode PFC
in Isolated Flyback and Modified Buck Topology
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Digital dimming
Key Products:
L6562AD,
STTH1R06U,
P6KE300A,
STTH3R02S
STPS1H100A
STTH102A
STP7NK80ZFP
STS4NF100
TL431AID
Decorative lighting
Multicolor lighting
Wall washing
Street Lighting
It shows an innovative solution for multiple stage
LED driving when PF, isolation and individual LED
brightness regulation are required
32W offline RGGB LED driver with individual LED
channel brightness regulation
32W offline RGGB LED driver with individual LED
channel brightness regulation
Functionalities:
Line voltage range: 88 to 265 VAC
4 channels LED driver
Constant LED current 350mA
LOAD: 5 to 13 LEDs per each channel
Rated output power: 32W (wide voltage range)
Rated output power: 42W (EU voltage range)
Isolated SMPS
Individual RGGB brightness regulation
EN55015 and EN61000-3-2 compliant
PCB double-side, 145 x 75 x 27 mm
Demoboard available in Q4/Q1
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STEVAL-ILL019V1 Measurement: PF, THD and efficiency
Power Factor
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265
Input voltage [V]
P
o
w
e
r

F
a
c
t
o
r

[
-
]
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
30 LEDs
20 LEDs
Power Factor - zoom
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265
Input voltage [V]
P
o
w
e
r

F
a
c
t
o
r

[
-
]
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
30 LEDs
20 LEDs
THD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265
Input voltage [V]
T
H
D

[
%
]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
30 LEDs
20 LEDs
Efficiency
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 265
Input voltage [V]
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

[
%
]
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
30 LEDs
20 LEDs
LOAD: 30LEDs (9 blue LBW5SN; 6 + 7 green LTW5SN; 8 red LRW5SN)
LOAD: 20LEDs (5 blue LBW5SN; 4 + 4 green LTW5SN; 7 red LRW5SN)
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STEVAL-ILL019V1 Measurement: LED current precision
Modified buck converter current precision
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
12.1 15 17.9 20.8 23.7 26.7 29.7 32.7 35.6 38.7
V led [V]
I

l
e
d

[
m
A
]
I led
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 LEDs
Output LED precision Iout = 350mA 5%
(5LEDs to 13LEDs)
LED average current 350mA
Switching frequency 189kHz
LED peak to peak current ripple 57.8mA
LED voltage vs. LED current LED current measurement
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Off-line TRIAC dimmable LED driver : ST Solution
LED driver solution compatible with TRIAC phase-control dimmers
The undimmed power factor is an excellent 0.95
TRIAC based dimmers
Conventional "2-wire" dimmers replace wall switches
in some applications. It is highly desirable to have the
LED driver accept power from a TRIAC-dimmed
source. The TRIAC dimmer limits the average power
delivered to the load (LED driver) during each half
cycle by increasing the turn on delay hence the
conduction angle of TRIAC.
Many LED drivers have stickers stating "not for use
with dimmers" because they are unable to cope with
the sudden rise of voltage late in the half cycle
This solution has characteristics compatible with the
triac dimmer. It features the (approximately)
sinusoidal line current when the driver is not dimmed,
and the line current when the triac dimmer (set near
maximum) is in the circuit.
EVALUATION BOARD
15W off-line TRIAC dimmable LED driver based on
L6562AD and TSM1052 (USA Market - 115 V)
15W off-line TRIAC dimmable LED driver based on
L6562AD and TSM1052 (USA Market - 115 V)
Application note: AN2711
Application note: AN2711
Functionalities:
120 V line (96 V to 132 Vrms)
Vout is set at 40 V max
Iout is set at 0.7 A maximum average current
0.7 minimum power factor, required for residential use
0.9 or greater power factor, required for commercial use
Capable of FCC Class B conducted EMI
Emitted acoustic noise less than 24 dBA
Isolated output, "safe" voltage
Dimmable with low-cost TRIAC based dimmer, average current down to
less than 10% of maximum LED current
Meets US DOE ENERGY STAR program requirements for SSL
luminaires - version 1.0.
Key Products:
L6562AD
STPS10150CT
STP5NK60ZFP
TSM1052
AN2711
Residential lighting
Commercial lighting
To give to luminaire manufacturers a low-cost,
commonly available dimming option for home
fixtures
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Efficiency measurement
A high efficient LED driving system is mandatory in order to maximize
illumination efficiency and reduce power dissipation
Efficiency measurements - Vin = 120 Vac
Efficiency vs. conduction angle
Efficiency of the board at full load with no dimmer is 82.47%
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Digital dimming
Key Products:
L6562A
STD5NM50
STTH1L06A
General lighting
Residential lighting
Suitable for solid state lighting solution which
requires high power factor, high efficiency in the
simplest way and at the lower cost
18W single stage off-line LED driver based on L6562A
18W single stage off-line LED driver based on L6562A
40mm
Functionalities:
Buck-Boost topology
Input voltage: 120VAC +/-10%
Provides 18W constant power to HBLED
Able to drive 14 to 20 HBLED in series
Open load and short load protection
Soft-switching
Power Factor > 0.8
Efficiency > 87%
RoHS Compliant
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Digital dimming
Key Products:
VIPER22AS-E
STTH1R06A
General indoor lighting
Halogen lamp replacement
Downlight
To promote an easy to design solution with very
few external components
3W not-isolated off-line LED driver based on VIPER22AS
3W not-isolated off-line LED driver based on VIPER22AS
Functionalities:
Input voltage 90 to 265 VRMS
Provides 350mA constant current for LED
Able to drive 3x1W LED in series with high precision
constant current ( +/- 5% tolerance)
Over temperature protection
LED open circuit protection
LED short circuit protection
EN55015 & EN6100-3-2 compliant
230Vac Input version with no Electrolytic Cap.
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STEVAL-ILL026V1 - measurement
Cost effective and compact solution
The circuit is able to protect itself from abnormal condition of open load operation
In case of short circuit condition the VIPer works at minimum admissible duty cycle until the
voltage applied to the Vdd pin falls below the shutdown voltage
Board efficiency vs input voltage LED current regulation vs input voltage
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Off-line LED drivers: Evaluation boards summary (1/2)
Solutions available and technical documentations
P/N Order Code Vin (VAC) I
out
(mA) V
out
(VDC) Comments AN
VIPER12A (*) STEVAL-ILL005V1 85 to 265
350 & 700 &
1050
3.5 to 15
Flyback constant
current source
AN1916
VIPER22A (*) STEVAL-ILL001V1
85 to 135 or
185 to 265
350 3.5 to 28
Flyback
dimmable
AN2042
VIPER17HN(*) STEVAL-ILL017V1 176 to 265 500 7 Vmax
Not Isolated
Flyback constant
current source
AN2811
VIPER22A STEVAL-ILL026V1 85 to 265 350 0 to 40
Buck constant
current source
AN2961
(*) plus TSM10x
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Off-line LED drivers: Evaluation boards summary (2/2)
Solutions available and technical documentations
DRAFT
18W single stage
off-line LED
driver
54V 350mA 120Vac10% STEVAL-ILL027V1 L6562A
DRAFT
32W off-line
RGGB LED driver
48V 4x350mA 85 to 265 STEVAL-ILL019V1 L6562A
DRAFT
130W PFC Boost
+ LLC LED SMPS
48V 2.7A 85 to 305 EVL130W-STRLIG
L6562AT
L6599AT
P/N Order Code Vin (VAC) I
out
(mA) V
out
(VDC) Comments AN
L6562A STEVAL-ILL016V2 120Vac20% 700mA 40Vmax
15W HP Flyback
constant current
source
AN2711
L6562A EVL6562A-35WFLB 90 to 265 700mA 48V
35W HP Flyback
constant current
source
AN2838
L6562A STEVAL-ILL013V1 85 to 265
350mA, 700mA
or 1A
400V
80W PFC Boost +
Modified buck
converter
AN2928
UM0670
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Contents
STMicroelectronics
32
LED Driver Concept using DC-DC Converters
Basic Topologies
BOOST: (Vin<Vout)
CONVENTIONAL
BUCK-BOOST: (Vout<Vin or Vin<Vout)
POSITIVE
INVERTING
FLOATING
SEPIC
BUCK: (Vin>Vout)
CONVENTIONAL
FLOATING
IN OUT
Rsense
Iled
DC/DC
Converter
Feedback
DC
SOURCE
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Basic topologies: Boost
BOOST
V
OUT
V
IN
V
REF
L6920D
LED7706
LED7707
PM6600
STLD41 (in development)
Supported by:
Low-side switch
Low-side current sensing
Load referenced to GND
=
12
1
1
2
,
r
D
D
I
I
LED
RMS SW
D
V V
IN OUT
=
1
1
( )
2
1 D
f L I
V
r
LED
OUT

=
I
SW
OUT
IN OUT
V
V V
D

=
**
D
I I
OUT SW
=
1
1
** D
REAL
>D
IDEAL
in the formula to compensate for losses. Always check the real duty cycle.
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Positive Buck-Boost High-side switch
V
IN
V
OUT
V
REF
Supported by:
Basic topologies: Positive Buck-Boost
=
12
1
1
2
,
r
D
D
I
I
LED
RMS SW
( )
2
1 D
f L I
V
r
LED
OUT

=
I
SW
D
D
V V
IN OUT
=
1
D
I I
OUT SW
=
1
1
IN OUT
OUT
V V
V
D
+
=
**
** D
REAL
>D
IDEAL
L497X
L597X
L598X
L6902
L6928
STCF07
Require external FET
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Inverting Buck-Boost High-side switch
V
IN
V
OUT
V
REF
Supported by:
High-side current sensing
Basic topologies: Inverting Buck-Boost
Negative output
=
12
1
1
2
,
r
D
D
I
I
LED
RMS SW
D
D
V V
IN OUT
=
1
( )
2
1 D
f L I
V
r
LED
OUT

=
I
SW
IN OUT
OUT
V V
V
D
+
=
**
D
I I
OUT SW
=
1
1
** D
REAL
>D
IDEAL
L497X
L597X
L598X
L6902
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Basic topologies: SEPIC (Buck-Boost)
LED7706
LED7707
Supported by:
Low-side switch
SEPIC
V
OUT
V
IN
V
REF
2
,
) (
IN
IN OUT OUT
OUT RMS SW
V
V V V
I I
+
I
SW
I
OUT
D
D
V V
IN OUT
=
1
IN OUT
OUT
V V
V
D
+
=
**
D
I I
OUT SW
=
1
1
** D
REAL
>D
IDEAL
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Basic topologies: Conventional Buck
Conventional BUCK High-side switch
V
IN
V
OUT
V
REF
Supported by:
L597X
L598X
L6902
L6925/6/8
+ =
12
1
2
,
r
D I I
LED RMS SW
D V V
IN OUT
=
( ) D
f L I
V
r
LED
OUT

= 1
I
SW
IN
OUT
V
V
D=
**
OUT SW
I I =
** D
REAL
>D
IDEAL
ST1S10
PWM controller (L6726A)+ FETs
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Buck topology
Input voltage Vin: 8 V to 30 Vdc
Designed for 350mA LEDs
Fully dimmable board
Easy modification for higher current
Analog dimming
Digital (PWM) dimming
Maximum output voltage limited
5 LEDs can be driven with 700mA output current (Vf = 4.4V)
6 LEDs can be driven with 350mA output current (Vf = 4V)
Key Products:
L6902D
STPS340U
General Lighting
Gaming Machine
An high efficiency switching buck
converter current source able to supply
High Brightness LEDs.
To provide a tool to test and evaluate the
L6902D as LED driver with analog and
PWM dimming functionality
High-intensity LED driver with dimming based on L6902
High-intensity LED driver with dimming based on L6902
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Buck topology
Input voltage Vin: 8V to 18V
Output voltage (with Vin= 18 V): 2.5V to 14 V
Output current ILED: 1A / 1.5A / 2.8A
Analog dimming (with ILED= 0 A) : 0V to 2.5V
Low level PWM signal: 0 V
High level PWM signal: 2.8V to 3.8V (typ.: 3.3V)
Duty cycle (at fdim = 200 Hz) : 0% to 99%
Efficiency (with Vin =18 V and Vout = 12.6V): 94.8%
Key Products:
L6726A
L78L06ACU
STS8DNH3LL
STPS1l30A
TS821B
General lighting
Decoration lighting
Reading lighting
Cabinet Lighting
For customers working with LEDs
applications which need high current
solutions. Typical example could be P7
from SEOUL-Semiconductor.
High Efficiency Switching LED Driver for High Current
LEDs based on L6726A
High Efficiency Switching LED Driver for High Current
LEDs based on L6726A
STMicroelectronics
40
Boot
1
Ugate
2
G
N
D
3
Lgate
4
V
c
c
5
FB
6
COMP
7
Phase
8
U2 L6726A
22uF
C1
2R2
R7
2R2
R8
GND
10uH
L1
Inductor
22uF
C9
0R56
R9
D1
TS821
4k7
R4
4k7
R3
6k8
R5
82nF
C3
470pF
C2
1k1
R2
100nF
C7
D3
STPS1L30M
D2
1N4148
10R
R6 10uF
C4
4.7uF
C8
100nF
C6
IN
3
2
OUT
1
GND
U1 L78L06AC
8
2
1
5
4
3
7
6
Q1
STS8DNH3LL
0R56
R10
62k
R1
100nF
C5
Vcc18V
Comp
Phase
Vcc6V
Boot
OUT-A
OUT-K
PWM
Vref
Ugate
Lgate
FB
1
2
3
PWM
1
2
3
4
5
6
OUT
0R56
R14
0R3
R15
0R3
R16
123
P1
1
3
2
K375A
CN1
8-18V
STEVAL- ILL023V1: Electrical Schematic
Power mosfet
STS8DNH3LL
PWM controller
L6726A
Linear regulator
L78L06AC
Schotkky diode
STPS1L30M
Voltage reference
TS821
STMicroelectronics
41
Power losses on the
sense resistor
P
loss
= V
FB
* I
LED
P
loss
= 0.8V * 2.8A
P
loss
= 2.24W
P
loss
= 0.28V * 2.8A
P
loss
= 0.784W
Losses on R
sen
2.24 W
-65%
0.784W
FB
Rsen
GND
VCC
0.8V
2.8A
Ploss
FB
Rsen
GND
VCC
0.8V
2.8A
Ploss
R2
R1
TS821
1.225V
0.28V
Classic
current sensing
Current sensing
with offset
STEVAL-ILL023V1 Current Sensing
STMicroelectronics
42
STEVAL-ILL023V1: Efficiency 94.8% at full load
Main efficiency factors
Synchronous rectification
Decreased feedback voltage from 0.8V to 0.28V
Mosfet with Rdson 20m
Inductor with DC resistance 7.8m
STMicroelectronics
43
STEVAL-ILL023V2: Dimming Interface
Analog: 0 2.5 V
Digital: 0 / 3.3 V (0 99 %)
Auxiliary supply 6V
Dimming connector
PWM Generator
Ordering code:
STEVAL-ILL013V2
Available Q(4)/2009
Non-electrical connector for
improved mechanical stability only
PWM GENERATOR:
PWM frequency 250Hz
0% to 100% DC variation
Input voltage 3.3V to 35V
Knob for regulation
L78L33
NC ICCCLK
ST7LITEU05
PWM CLKIN
RESET
Vss
AIN2
Vdd
External module
for brightness regulation
ICC
programming
Additional board
STMicroelectronics
44
STCF07: Buck-Boost White LED Driver
Features
Drives one power LED up to 1A
Input Voltage range: 2.3V to 5.5V
LED temperature protection with NTC
Open LED failure detection
1.8 MHz typ fixed frequency PWM
Synchronous rectification
90% typ. efficiency across all input voltage range
Two selectable operational modes:
High current mode: Up to 1A
Low current mode: from 20mA
Adjustable current in both modes
True shutdown
OVP(5.3V), OTP, SCP
< 1A shutdown current
QFN 4 x 4 x 1 mm 16 leads
Typical Application
LED Flashlight
Camera flash
VLX1
PV BAT
VBAT
EN
CSEL
GND PGND
FB2
FB1
RLC
RHC
COUT
L
CIN
VIN
STCF07
VLX2 VLX1
FAULT
VOUT
FB2S
RX NTC
RX
NTC
STMicroelectronics
45
Principle of a Linear Current Regulator
Very similar to a voltage regulator,
linear current driving uses a linear
pass element with a feedback block
that regulates the current in a path
rather than the voltage at a node.
Devices can be operated as current
source or current sink
Linear current driving can only be
used when the input voltage is
always higher than the output
voltage. Headroom must also be
added for the voltage drop in the
driver circuits. Otherwise there is not
enough voltage available to operate
the LEDs.
Advantages: simple design, low
component cost.
Drawbacks: Low efficiency, heat
dissipation on the IC.
LED supply driver
V n V V =
LED driver driver
I V P * =
STMicroelectronics
46
STCSXX/A: Linear LED driver
Main features:
Up to 40V operating input voltage
Less than 0.5 V voltage overhead
PWM dimming pin
Shutdown pin
A Version: slope compensation
for EMI improvement
STCS05 features:
Up to 0.5 A output current
SO-8 package
STCS1 features:
Up to 1.5 A output current
DFN8 & Power SO-8 package
STCS2 features:
Up to 2 A output current
PowerSO-10 package
Input Voltage
PWM
EN
GND SLOPE
VCC DRAIN
Load Disconnection
DISC
FB
STCS05/1/2/A
Input Voltage
PWM
EN
GND SLOPE
VCC DRAIN
Load Disconnection
DISC
FB
STCS05/1/2/A
Input Voltage
PWM
EN
GND SLOPE
VCC DRAIN
Load Disconnection
DISC
FB
STCS05/1/2/A
Input Voltage
PWM
EN
GND SLOPE
VCC DRAIN
Load Disconnection
DISC
FB
STCS05/1/2/A
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Linear topology
Input voltage (VIN): 4.5V to 40V
Less than 0.5V voltage overhead
Up to 1.5A output current
Selectable PWM dimming (internal circuit/ ext input)
Shutdown pin
Key Products:
STCS1APUR
BAT46ZFILM
TS3702IPT
L78L05ABUTR
Advertising kiosk Backlight
Automotive interior and exterior lighting
Emergency vehicle warning lights
Small appliances lighting
General lighting
To demonstrate the operation of the
STCS1A constant current LED driver
To provide a LED driver for automotive
and industrial applications ensuring
constant brightness and extended LED
lifetime
Constant current controller for high brightness LEDs
based on STCS1A
Constant current controller for high brightness LEDs
based on STCS1A
STMicroelectronics
48
Driving LEDs usign DC-DC converters:
Evaluation Boards Summary
AN2333
White LED Controller in
Boost topology
up to 20mA 3V to 5.5V STEVAL-TLL001V1 STLD40D
UM0677
Buck synchronous LED Driver
for high current LED based on
L6726A + MOSfets
1A / 1.5A / 2.8A 8V to 18V STEVAL-ILL023V1 L6726A
AN2928
Constant current Inverse Buck
LED driver
350mA 48V EVL6562A-LED L6562A
AN2810
LEDs Driver with Boost
Converter for LCD Panels
Backlight
60mA
per channel
4.5V to 32V STEVAL-ILL021V1 LED7707
AN1941
Cree LED Flashlight with
L6920D
350mA 1V to 3V STEVAL-IILL008V1 L6920D
AN2129
High Intensity LED Dimming
Driver based on L6902
350mA 8V to 30V STEVAL -ILL010V1 L6902
4.5V to 32V
4.5V to 40V
12Vac
12V to 24V dc
Vin
LEDs Driver with Boost
Converter for LCD Panels
Backlight
High Brightness Linear LED
Driver based on STC1A
High Intensity LED driver for
MR-16 format based on
L5973D
Comments
AN2809
20mA
per channel
STEVAL-ILL020V1 LED7706
UM0422 up to 1.5A STEVAL-ILL014V1 STCS1A
AN2559 1A STEVAL-ILL007V1 L5973D
Part Number AN Ioutmax Order Code
STMicroelectronics
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Buck Converters LED Driver Summary
STMicroelectronics
50
Buck- Boost Converters LED Driver Summary
STMicroelectronics
51
Boost Converters LED Driver Summary
STMicroelectronics
52
Linear Current Regulators Summary
Linear Current Regulators
STMicroelectronics
53
Contents
STMicroelectronics
54
MAIN
PROCESSOR
Modular
Concept
SMPS
Modular solution to fit different screen sizes
LED Display typical architecture
Image Position
adjustment (MEMS)
Data Bus
Flat Ribbon cable
MCU &
LVDS
Interface
LED-PCB
LED Drivers
Temp. Sensor
STMicroelectronics
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LED Display Panel: Cluster Architecture
Single C
luster-256 R
G
B
L
E
D
s
MAIN
PROCESSOR
Single Cluster: 1 MCU, multiple LED Drivers in cascade
More Clusters in Cascade..
M
C
U
LED Driver
SPI
Control Panel
M
o
d
e
B
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
S
p
e
e
d
RGB LED Configuration LED Block
Temperature
Sensor
Circuit Block
SPI SPI
L
E
D

D
r
i
v
e
r
O
E
-
R
/
G
/
BL
E
D

D
r
i
v
e
r
D
M
L
E
5v
3.3v
STMicroelectronics
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Single cluster combines 4 blocks of 8x8 LEDs
Single cluster includes 32 LED Drivers (STP24DP05), 1 MCU (STM32) and 1 temperature Sensor
Supply section is based on 3.3V- 600mA LVDO powering both STP24DP05 and MCU.
Module top view
Cluster
Typical Cluster Architecture Example
STMicroelectronics
57
Driving Concept for RGB LEDs
STMicroelectronics
58
How to drive LEDs arrays
Serial Configuration: cascaded drivers
are used. The data is sent through all LED
drivers via the SPI and then latched to the
outputs.
Advantage: current in each channel is
regulated by software PWM modulation, which
means color control of each RGB LED.
Disadvantage: lower PWM resolution for
high LED count, as the data takes time to reach
all drivers.
Parallel Configuration: mainly used
when high light intensity with many LEDs of the
same color is required.
Advantage: simpler method and better PWM
resolution, because of faster data transfer
among the drivers.
Disadvantage: it increases the number of I/Os
on microcontroller in case of RGB applications
Note: It is possible to mix serial and parallel
configurations to provide different colors depth
achieving higher brightness.
STMicroelectronics
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LEDs Brightness & Color control by software
Brightness Control:
Limited by PWM resolution and
processing data capability of the
microcontroller or FPGA
It is recommended to select a PWM
dimming frequency above 150 Hz to
avoid visible flickering.
Color Control:
Depends on three fundamental color
components: Red, Green and Blue. The
RGB components are used to get the
desiderate colors according to the image
data processing and the white point at
different color temperatures.
Color and temperature sensors are
generally used.
Color Gamut Color Gamut
White Point Area
STMicroelectronics
60
Power Logic LED Driver
Drives multiple low power LEDs used in applications such as signage and matrix display.
Constant current control in a single chip solution is allowed. Minimum BOM required: one resistor
sets the preferred maximum current for all outputs.
Innovative feature of this family are the clock and data re-synchronization useful when at least two
devices are cascaded.
Features such as high channel to channel precision , LED error-detection, auto power-saving
and Symmetrical Turn-ON and Turn OFF are integrated into the newest products of the family.
SPI
Interface
Serial In
Latch
Clock
Rext
P
o
w
e
r

M
O
S
P
o
w
e
r

M
O
S
Next LED driver
in cascade
Constant
current
Serial Out
Out EN
STMicroelectronics
61
SDI
STP16CP05
SDO
STP16CP05
SDI SDO
STP16CP05
REXT REXT
REXT
SDO
SDI
LED1 -----------> LED 16
V-LED
Micro
OE
LE
SDI = Serial Data In
Cascaded LED drivers, typical circuit diagram
SDO = Serial Data Out
LE = Latch Enable
OE = Output Enable Pin
1 or 0
LED17 ------> LED 32 LEDn ------> LEDn +16
Cascaded Power Logic devices
STMicroelectronics
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STP16CPxx
New Constant current P/Ns expand features offering
Keep existing Pinout without PCB re-layout
STP16CPC Symmetrical Turn-ON and Turn-OFF
As EMI and inrush current are reduced it suits applications requiring slower Turn-ON and Turn-OFF
times .
Status: Mass Production
STP16CPP/S Excellent accuracy even at low current level.
Latest LED technology has dramatically increased the brightness while lowering the flowing current .
The STP16CPP05 is the best choice to drive LEDs from 3mA to 40mA.
Typical current accuracy +/- 2% among all channels.
/S Version with Auto Power Shutdown - eng sample
STP16DP/P/S Excellent accuracy even at low current level in addition to LED error detection and
Auto Power Saving.
Status: Sample Available Pre-production
EVALUATION BOARD
Functionalities:
Two STP24DP05 with 16 RGB LEDs.
STM32 MCU using a cost effective internal HS
oscillator.
JTAG interface for MCU firmware change/update.
Mini USB connector for interconnection with PC GUI
Test point to simplify electrical evaluation.
Buttons and a knob to control the board.
Error and Over-Temperature Flag for each LED
driver.
LED failure (Open and short) simulation
Input voltage range 7.5V - 18V.
Key Products:
STP24DP05BTR
STM32F103C6T6
ST1S10PUR
LD3985M33R
USBUF01P6
LED Diplay
Scoreboards
LCD Backlighting
Traffic diplay and Road Signs
An inexpensive and accurate current
control for low power RGB LEDs to be
used in full color display application .
To provide a platform to test and
evaluate STMicroelectronics power logic
LED driver STP24DP05
RGB LED Array based on STP24DP05 and STM32F103C6
RGB LED Array based on STP24DP05 and STM32F103C6
STMicroelectronics
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Power Logic Evaluation Boards Summary
5V, 0.5A
3.5V-5V, 3A
UM DRAFT
- Animated Text
- Adjustable Blinking Speed
- GPS Interface
- audio output for playback of the
prerecorded .wav files
Mother/slave board for LED
display based on STM32.
16 x 32 LED matrix display
unit
STEVAL-ILL024V1
STEVAL-ILL025V1
STP16DP05
Standard
Supply
Connector
AN2415
AN2478
- Adjustable Brightness
- Animated Text
- Error Detection Feature
40 LEDs Diagnostic
Reference Board Using
OSRAM Blue LEDs
STEVAL-ILL002V3 STP08DP05
Standard
Supply
Connector
UM0574
-JTAG interface for C firmware
change/update
-Mini USB connector for PC GUI
connection
16 RGB LED Array based on
STP24DP05 and
STM32F103C6
RGB LED Reference Board
OSTAR Projection Module
Golden Dragon LEDs
40 LEDs Diagnostic
Reference Board Using
Vishay Green LEDs
32 LEDs Array Reference
Board
Description
AN2531
AN2415
AN2478
AN2241
Application
Notes
Standard
Supply
Connector
- Animated Text
- PowerLED Driving
STEVAL-ILL009V3
STEVAL-ILL009V4
STEVAL-ILL009V5
STP04CM05
Standard
Supply
Connector
- Animated Text
Standard
Supply
Connector
- Animated Text
STEVAL-ILL003V2
STP16CP05
STP16CPS05
Part Number
Power
Supply
Feature Order Code
STMicroelectronics
65
Power Logic LED Driver portfolio
To control LEDs status in road signs
Fast Ton/Toff Response with LED Error
Detection
5-
100mA
3 - 5.5V STP08/16DP05 8/16 Channel
Inexpensive Led Driver solution for H.B. LEDs Low side driver Fast Ton/Toff Response
100/250
mA
5.V STPIC6D595 8 Channel
Suitable soluiton for middle-end video display
(RGB)
8CHX3 indipendent groups driver, full LED
error Detection
5-80mA 3.3-5.5V STP24DP05 24 Channel
For High End Display, footprint compatible with
basic STP16xx series
12/16 bit PWM control, Full LED Error Detection
Gain current adjust, advanced thermal
management
5-80mA 3.3-5.5V STP1612PW05 16 Channel
Reduces switching inrush current and ghost
effect
Symmetrical Ton/off (100nS) ,
5-
100mA
3.3-5.5V STP16CPC05 16 Channel
3.3-5.5V
3.3-5.5V
3.3-5.5V
3.3-5.5V
3.3-5.5V
3.3-5.5V
35.5V
VDD
3-40mA
3-40mA
3-40mA
3-40mA
5-
100mA
5-
100mA
80-
400mA
Io
High accuracy ~ 1% at 3mA Low current LED driver STP16CPP05 16 Channel
Auto Power shutdown, wake up does not need
ext.signal
Auto Power saving STP16CPPS05 16 Channel
To control LEDs status in road signs Low current Full LED Error detection, STP16DPP05 16 Channel
Significant power savings for Green application
+ LED Status control
Low current ,Full Error Detection, Power-
Saving
STP16DPPS05 16 Channel
Significant power savings for Green application Auto Power Saving STP16CPS05 16 Channel
STP08/16CP05
STP04CM05
P/N
Constant current Fast Ton/Toff Response
Integrated solution 4 High current channels
Key Features
Possibility to increase video display frame rate 8/16 Channel
Best solution to supply high power LEDs (RGGB) 4 Channel
Key Advantage N.Channel
EXISTING PRODUCT NEW PRODUCT
STMicroelectronics
66
STP1612PW05: Low Voltage 16-channel LED Driver with
Gain control , PWM and LED Failure Detection
66
Key Features
16-channel 3-to-60mA Constant Current
12/16-bit Grayscale PWM Control
Selectable enhanced PWM for ghost effect reduction
8-bit GAIN control with two selectable ranges for global
LED brightness adjustment
Full Output LED Error Detection
Programmable Progressive output delay
30MHz Clock Frequency
Timeout alert if clock signal is missing
ESD protection: 2.5kV HBM, 200V MM
Package
STP1612PW05MTR (SO-24)
STP1612PW05TTR (TSSOP-24)
STP1612PW05XTTR (HTSSOP-24)
Application
Video display LED panels, RGB backlighting
M
C
U
STP1612PW05
1 2 15 16
SPI
Control
M
o
d
e
B
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
S
p
e
e
d
More Drivers in Cascade
RGB LED Configuration
LED Block 3.3v
Temperature
Sensor
Circuit Block
SPI SPI
P
W
M

C
l
k
S
T
P
1
6
1
2
P
W
0
5
O
E
L
E
5v
S
T
P
1
6
1
2
P
W
0
5
Control Panel
Pre-Production
STMicroelectronics
67
Contents
STMicroelectronics
68
LED Backlighting: Introduction
LED backlight dominates the smaller LCD
display market
Cell Phones, GPS, PDA, etc
Larger display have traditionally used Cold
Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs).
Compared to CCFL, LED allows:
Thinner backlight design
Advanced backlight architectures
LEDs now are penetrating larger LCD
modules
Notebooks have largest adoption
today-exceed 30% in 2009
Monitor an TVs are emerging markets
STMicroelectronics
69
LED backlighting driver challenges: Current matching
To maintain backlight uniformity, all LEDs must have the same brightness
LED light is controlled by current, not voltage
Therefore current needs to be matched among LEDs
The current matching target required by LCD markers is 1%
Affected by LED forward voltage spread (10-15%)
Assume the LEDs have a V
F
range of 3.0V to 3.6V (Typ. 3.3V) and we want 20mA:
Vx Vx
5V 5V
5V 5V
5V 5V
R= (5V-3.3V)/20mA = 85
I
LED1
= (5V-3.0V)/ 85 = 24mA
I
LED2
= (5V-3.6V)/ 85 = 16mA
Ideal Current Source
Perfect matching
Real Implementation
Low cost
Poor matching
Not suitable for backlight
Active circuit maintains Vf voltage
difference drop across the transistor
LED Current is set by Vx/R
Best Current matching(1% to 2%)
Suitable for backlight LED driver
STMicroelectronics
70
Each backlight consist of many LEDs 3 to 1000+ depending on the LCD panel size
LEDs can be connected in series and parallel
LED backlighting driver challenges: LEDs Connections
Series
Perfect current matching
High voltage LED Driver are more
expensive
Inefficient for high step-up ratio
Parallel
Requires current matching circuit
Allows using lower voltage drivers
Multichannels approach increases the cost
Vs
Vs
A series-parallel combination can be also used
Vs
STMicroelectronics
71
Other LED driving considerations
V
F
spread among the LEDs increases the power dissipation/heating
White LEDs have a typical V
F
between 3V to 3.6V
For instance a string of 12 LEDs has a total V
F
value between 36V to 43.2V
Binning is used to reduce the V
F
variation
A linear driver needs to absorb the voltage variation (V
VAR
)
Drivers require an overhead voltage (V
min
) to properly control the current
Keeping the overhead voltage low minimizes power dissipation
ST products requires ~ 400mV (typ.) to regulate 50mA.
P
DISS
= ((N-1) x I
LED
x (V
min
+ V
VAR
)) + I
LED
x V
min
Emitted LEDs light wavelength depends on the current intensity
PWM dimming technique allows changing the brightness without color-shift
Analog dimming can be used to improve the dynamic range (contrast ratio) at low brightness
Human eye is less sensitive to low intensity color
To tune RGB LEDs wavelength, current must be independently controlled.
V
VAR
+V
min
STMicroelectronics
72
Edge-type backlight
LEDs are placed along the edge(s) of the
LCD panel
This technique is generally used in the
small panels (up to 20)
LCD panel thickness is reduced (<2mm
thick)
Brightness uniformity might become
inconsistent increasing the size of the
panel
Typical LED backlight techniques
Direct-type backlight
LEDs array are organized behind the LCD
panel (matrix organization)
This technique is often used in large LCD
panels (30 +)
Allows to use enhanced brightness control
such as local dimming and scanning
Brightness uniformity
LED driver LED driver LED driver LED driver
STMicroelectronics
73
R
o
w
d
r
i
v
e
r
LCD
Bias
IC
Digital
Control
IC
Digital
Control
IC
Typical LCD display block diagram
Backlight Driver
Backlight Module
R
o
w
d
r
i
v
e
r
Column Driver Column Driver Column Driver
Power
Video
Power
STMicroelectronics
74
LCD backlighting for notebook and mid-size display
White LEDs are used ranging from
~ 20mA to ~50mA.
The number of LEDs depends on
the size of the LCD panel and the
kind of final application.
The standard displays sizes using
a single driver solution are:
7 = 10 to 16 LEDs
12 = ~ 40 LEDs
14.1 = ~ 54 LEDs
15.4 = ~ 60 LEDs
Usually the driver is powered from
12V or 5V bus rail.
In notebooks the input voltage
range is 7V to 20V, varying from
the battery or the AC adapter.
For other portable devices the
driver is powered by a single cell
Li-Ion battery.
STMicroelectronics
75
STLA02
20mA Boost LED Driver for Backlight
Main Characteristics:
Boost DC/DC Converter
Synchronous Rectification
Drives up to 6 LEDs at 20maA max
Output power capability up to 500mW
Input Voltage Range 2.5V To 12V
Output Current Control
2.3 Mhz Fixed Frequency
PWM Input Brightness Control with
300:1 Dimming Range
350mA Integrated Switch
OVP & OTP
Less than 1A Stand-by Current
Internal Soft Start
Package DFN 2x2 6L
Main Application:
Small LCD Display Backlight (7)
Keyboard Backlight
E.S. Available
VIN
L
C
IN
STLA02
R
FB
EN/PWM
VIN
LX
VOUT
FB
GND
I
LED
VIN
L
C
IN
STLA02
R
FB
EN/PWM
VIN
LX
VOUT
FB
GND
I
LED
STMicroelectronics
76
BOOST SECTION
4.5V to 36V Input Voltage range
Internal Power-MOSFET
Up to 93% Efficiency
Up to 36V Output Voltage
200kHz to 1MHz Switching Frequency
Programmable Soft-Start, OVP and OCP
External sync for multi-device application
BACKLIGHT DRIVER SECTION
Six ROWs capable of driving multiple LEDs in series
(e.g. up to ten WLEDs per ROW)
LED7706: up to 30mA Programmable Output Current
per ROW
LED7707: up to 85mA Programmable Output Current
per ROW
LED7707: ROWs in parallel to drive up to 510mA LEDs
1.5% Current Matching between ROWs
Shorted and Open LED Fault Detection
PWM Dimming (LED7706: 500ns minimum dimming ON
time; LED7707:10us minimum dimming ON time)
TARGETED APPLICATIONS
Consumer: Mid to large size LCD (TV & MNT)
Automotive: navigation displays and dashboards
Industrial: lighting, displays
FAULT
ROWS
CTRL
MODE
BOOST
CTRL
LDO
DIMRILIM
Input voltage
range: 4.5V to
Vout
FAULT
MNGMT
Output voltage:
up to 36V
EN
PWM
dimming
Six rows, up to
10 WLEDs each
Up to 85mA
programmable
output current
Shorted LED
and open row
management
Internal
+5V LDO
Internal
Power-
MOS
FAULT
ROWS
CTRL
MODE
BOOST
CTRL
LDO
DIMRILIM
Input voltage
range: 4.5V to
Vout
FAULT
MNGMT
Output voltage:
up to 36V
EN
PWM
dimming
Six rows, up to
10 WLEDs each
Up to 85mA
programmable
output current
Shorted LED
and open row
management
Internal
+5V LDO
Internal
Power-
MOS
STEVAL-ILL020V1
STEVAL-ILL021V1
LED770x: WLEDs Backlight Driver for medium/large
LCD panels (MNT & TV)
STMicroelectronics
77
ROW1
ROW2
ROW3
ROW4
ROW5
ROW6
LDO5
BILIM
RILIM
SS
SGND
S
L
O
P
E
V
I
N
L
X
O
V
S
E
L
S
W
F
A
V
C
C
F
A
U
L
T
E
N
S
Y
N
C
M
O
D
E
P
G
N
D
D
I
M
VIN= 4.5V to VOUT
VOUT= up to 36V
COMP
+5V
Up to 10 WLEDs per row
Enable
Dimming
Fault
LED770x
L
MLCC
Sync Output
Faults Management Selection
OVP selection
Switching Frequency selection
Slope Compensation
Rows current select.
Internal MOS OCP
LED770x: Application Schematic
STMicroelectronics
78
LED7706: Efficiency
Vin = 24V
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
DIM duty cycle [%]
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

[
%
]
fDIM = 500Hz
fDIM = 20kHz
V
IN
=24V, V
OUT
=34V (6x 10WLEDs 100mV V
F
spread), I
LED
=20mA
Switching Frequency: f
SW
=660kHz, L=6.8H
LIGHT LOAD
FULL LOAD
STMicroelectronics
79
Monitor and TV LED Backlighting
Both white and RGB LEDs are used
Low (50mA) or high power (350mA) can
be used
The number of LEDs depends on the
panel size and the LED type:
Up to 2000-4000 low power LEDs
A few hundreds for high power LEDs
Require multiple drivers per system
Power supply is typically 24V
Local dimming improves LCD technology
drawbacks:
Contrast ratio
Power Consumption
Backlight is adjusted according to the
picture content and the area of the screen
Scanned backlight improves motion blur
effect and it can be combined with local
dimming
STMicroelectronics
80

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