1

Indicative

Preterite
Specific instance(s)
Action that interrupts ongoing events
Focus on beginning or ending of action
Enclosed amount of time





Imperfect
Description
Emotion/ state of mind
Age
Time
Habitual
Continuing
Ongoing
Weather




amos
aste
aron
imos
iste
i ieron
aba abamos
abas
aba aban
a amos
as
a an
2

Present Perfect
has/ have past participle

verb + ado/ido


Pluperfect (Past Perfect)
had

past participle


Future
will, I wonder, possibility


infinitive +

Future Perfect
will have verb


past participle
Conditional

he hemos
has
ha han
haba habamos
habas
haba habian
emos
s
n
habr habremos
habrs
habr habrn
3

Conditional
would verb

infinitive +


Conditional Perfect
would have verb

past participle















a amos
as
a an
habra habramos
habras
habra habran
4

Subjunctive
Wishes, desires, imperatives
Emotion
Impersonal Observations
Recommendations
Doubt
Ojala
Present Subjunctive



Imperfect (Past) Subjunctive






Pluperfect Subjunctive
had verb, if I had verb

past participle



yo form, drop the o,
opposite ending
ellos form of preterite,
drop ron, add:
ra ramos
ras
ra ran
hubiera hubieramos
hubieras
hubiera hubieran
5

Commands
Affirmative formal (Ud.) and familiar (t) are present subjunctive
Add n to plural formal
Can add on to affirmative Ud.
Affirmative irregular t:





Negative Ud.: No present subjunctive verb
Negative t: opposite, add s
Cannot add on to negatives
decir di hacerhaz irve
poner pon salir sal serse
tener ten valer val venir ven