Access Lists Workbook Student Edition Ver1 2

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A
C
L
Standard
access-group
deny
access-list
ACL
Access
Lists
Workbook
Version 1.2
Wildcard Mask
Any
Inside Cover
IP Standard
IP Extended
Ethernet Type Code
Ethernet Address
DECnet and Extended DECnet
XNS
Extended XNS
Appletalk
48-bit MAC Addresses
IPX Standard
IPX Extended
IPX SAP (service advertisement protocol)
IPX SAP SPX
Extended 48-bit MAC Addresses
IPX NLSP
IP Standard, expanded range
IP Extended, expanded range
SS7 (voice)
Standard Vines
Extended Vines
Simple Vines
Transparent bridging (protocol type)
Transparent bridging (vendor type)
Extended Transparent bridging
Source-route bridging (protocol type)
Source-route bridging (vendor type)
Access-List Numbers
99
199
299
799
399
499
599
699
799
899
999
1099
1099
1199
1299
1999
2699
2999
100
200
300
299
799
1199
299
799
1
100
200
700
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1000
1100
1200
1300
2000
2700
1
101
201
200
700
1100
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700
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Produced by: Robb J ones
jonesr@careertech.net
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA
Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and J im Dorsch
for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.
1
ACLs...
...are a sequential list of instructions that tell a router which packets to
permit or deny.
The router checks to see if the packet is routable. If it is it looks up
the route in its routing table.
The router then checks for an ACL on that outbound interface.
If there is no ACL the router switches the packet out that interface to its
destination.
If there is an ACL the router checks the packet against the access list
statements sequentially. Then permits or denys each packet as it is
matched.
If the packet does not match any statement written in the ACL it is
denyed because there is an implicit deny any statement at the end of
every ACL.
General Access Lists Information
Access Lists...
...are read sequentially.
...are set up so that as soon as the packet matches a statement it
stops comparing and permits or denys the packet.
...need to be written to take care of the most abundant traffic first.
...must be configured on your router before you can deny packets.
...can be written for all supported routed protocols; but each routed
protocol must have a different ACL for each interface.
...must be applied to an interface to work.
What are Access Control Lists?
How routers use Access Lists
(Outbound Port - Default)
Standard Access Lists
Standard Access Lists...
...are numbered from 1 to 99.
...filter (permit or deny) only source addresses.
...do not have any destination information so it must placed as close
to the destination as possible.
...work at layer 3 of the OSI model.
2
Why standard ACLs are placed close to the
destination.
If you want to block traffic from J uans computer from reaching
J anets computer with a standard access list you would place the
ACL close to the destination on Router D, interface E0. Since
its using only the source address to permit or deny packets the
ACL here will not effect packets reaching Routers B, or C.
Router A
Router B
Router C
Router D
If you place the ACL on router A to block traffic to Router D
it will also block all packets going to Routers B, and C;
because all the packets will have the same source address.
J uans
Computer
J anets
Computer
J immys
Computer
Matts
Computer
E0
E0
E0
E0
S0
S1
S0
S0
S1
S1
3
Lisas
Computer
Standard Access List Placement
Sample Problems
In order to permit packets from J uans computer to arrive at
J ans computer you would place the standard access list at
router interface ______. FA1
Lisa has been sending unnecessary information to Paul. Where
would you place the standard ACL to deny all traffic from Lisa to Paul?
Router Name ______________ Interface ___________
Where would you place the standard ACL to deny traffic from Paul to
Lisa?
Router B
E1
Router A E0
Pauls
Computer
FA1 FA0
Router A
J uans
Computer
J ans
Computer
S0
S1
E0
E1
Router B Router A
S0 S1
E0 FA1
S0 S1
Router B
Router C
4
Router A
S0
S1
E0
FA1
Sarahs
Computer
J ackies
Computer
Router F Router E
Router D
S1
S0
S1
E0
S1
Lindas
Computer
Melvins
Computer
J ims
Computer
J effs
Computer
Georges
Computer
Kathys
Computer
Carrols
Computer
Rickys
Computer
J ennys
Computer
Amandas
Computer
5
Router D
E0
1. Where would you place a standard access list to
permit traffic from Rickys computer to reach J effs
computer?
deny traffic from Melvins computer from reaching
J ennys computer?
deny traffic to Carrols computer from Sarahs
computer?
permit traffic from Rickys computer to reach J effs
computer?
deny traffic from Amandas computer from reaching
J eff and J ims computer?
permit traffic from J ackies computer to reach Lindas
computer?
permit traffic from Rickys computer to reach Carrol
and Amandas computer?
deny traffic to J ennys computer from J ackies
computer?
permit traffic from Georges computer to reach Linda
and Sarahs computer?
10. Where would you place an ACL to deny traffic from
J effs computer from reaching Georges computer?
deny traffic to Sarahs computer from Rickys
computer?
Lindas computer from reaching J ackies computer?
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router A
E0
Extended Access Lists...
...are numbered from 100 to 199.
...filter (permit or deny) based on the: source address
destination address
protocol
port number
... are placed close to the source.
...work at both layer 3 and 4 of the OSI model.
Extended Access Lists
Why extended ACLs are placed close to the source.
If you want to deny traffic from J uans computer from reaching
J anets computer with an extended access list you would place
the ACL close to the source on Router A, interface E0. Since it
can permit or deny based on the destination address it can reduce
backbone overhead and not effect traffic to Routers B, or C.
If you place the ACL on Router E to block traffic from Router
A, it will work. However, Routers B, and C will have to route
the packet before it is finally blocked at Router E. This
increases the volume of useless network traffic.
6
Router A
Router B
Router C
Router D
J uans
Computer
J anets
Computer
J immys
Computer
Matts
Computer
E0
FA0
E0
E0
S0
S1
S0
S0
S1
S1
7
J uans
Computer
J ans
Computer
Extended Access List Placement
Sample Problems
In order to permit packets from J uans computer to arrive at
J ans computer you would place the extended access list at
router interface ______. E0
Lisa has been sending unnecessary information to Paul. Where would
you place the extended ACL to deny all traffic from Lisa to Paul?
Where would you place the extended ACL to deny traffic from Paul to
Lisa?
Router A
FA0
Router B FA1
E1 E0
Router A
S0
S1
FA0
FA1
Router B Router A
Lisas
Computer
Pauls
Computer
8
S0 S1
FA0
E1
S0 S1
Router B
Router C
Router A
S0
S1
FA0
FA1
Sarahs
Computer
J ackies
Computer
Router F Router E
Router D
S1
S0
S1
FA0
S1
Lindas
Computer
Melvins
Computer
J ims
Computer
J effs
Computer
Georges
Computer
Kathys
Computer
Carrols
Computer
Rickys
Computer
J ennys
Computer
Amandas
Computer
9
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
Router Name_________________
Interface ____________________
J effs computer from reaching Georges computer?
2. Where would you place an extended access list to
permit traffic from J ackies computer to reach Lindas
computer?
deny traffic to Carrols computer from Rickys
computer?
deny traffic to Sarahs computer from J ackies
computer?
permit traffic from Carrols computer to reach J effs
computer?
deny traffic from Melvins computer from reaching J eff
and J ims computer?
permit traffic from Georges computer to reach J effs
computer?
permit traffic from J ims computer to reach Carrol and
Amandas computer?
Lindas computer from reaching Kathys computer?
10. Where would you place an extended access list
to deny traffic to J ennys computer from Sarahs
computer?
permit traffic from Georges computer to reach Linda
and Sarahs computer?
12. Where would you place an extended access list
to deny traffic from Lindas computer from reaching
J ennys computer?
Router D
FA0
Router F
FA1
Access Lists on your incoming port...
...requires less CPU processing.
...filters and denys packets before the router has to make a
routing decision.
Access Lists on your outgoing port...
...are outbound by default unless otherwise specified.
...increases the CPU processing time because the routing decision
is made and the packet switched to the correct outgoing port
before it is tested against the ACL.
Choosing to Filter Incoming or Outgoing Packets
Breakdown of a Standard ACL Statement
access-list 1 permit 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0
permit
or
deny
autonomous
number
1 to 99
source
address
wildcard
mask
access-list 78 deny host 192.168.90.36 log
permit or deny
autonomous
number
1 to 99
source
address
indicates a
specific host
address
(Optional)
generates a log
entry on the
router for each
packet that
matches this
statement
10
Breakdown of an Extended ACL Statement
access-list 125 permit ip 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0 192.175.63.12 0.0.0.0
permit or deny
autonomous
number
100 to 199
source
wildcard
mask
destination
address
destination
wildcard
mask
access-list 178 deny tcp host 192.168.90.36 host 192.175.63.12 eq 23 log
permit
or
deny
autonomous
number
100 to 199
source
address
indicates a
specific
host
protocol
icp,
icmp,
tcp, udp,
ip,
etc.
destination
address
operator
eq for =
gt for >
lt for <
neg for =
port
number
(23 = telnet)
(Optional)
generates a log
entry on the
router for each
packet that
matches this
statement
protocol
icp,
icmp,
tcp, udp,
ip,
etc.
11
source
address
Protocol s Incl ude:
IP IGMP IPINIP
TCP GRE OSPF
UDP IGRP NOS
ICMP EIGRP Integer 0-255
To match any internet protocol use IP.
indicates a
specific
host
Named ACLs...
...are standard or extended ACLs which have an alphanumeric name
instead of a number. (ie. 1-99 or 100-199)
Named Access Lists Information
Named Access Lists...
...identify ACLs with an intuutive name instead of a number.
...eliminate the limits imposed by using numbered ACLs.
(798 for standard and 799 for extended)
...provide the ability to modify your ACLs without deleting and
reloading the revised access list. It will only allow you to add
statements to the end of the exsisting statements.
...are not compatable with any IOS prior to Release 11.2.
...can not repeat the same name on multiple ACLs.
What are Named Access Control Lists?
Applying a Standard Named Access List
called George
Write a named standard access list called George on Router A, interface E1 to block Melvins
computer from sending information to Kathys computer; but will allow all other traffic.
Place the access list at:
Router Name: Router A
Interface: E1
Access-list Name: George
[Writing and installing an ACL]
Router# configure terminal (or config t)
Router(config)#ip access-list standard George
Router(config-std-nacl)# deny host 72.16.70.35
Router(config-std-nacl)# access-list permit any
Router(config-std-nacl)# interface e1
Router(config-if)# ip access-group George out
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# exit
12
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13
14
Choices for Using Wildcard Masks
Wildcard masks are usually set up to do one of four things:
1. Match a specific host.
2. Match an entire subnet.
3. Match a specific range.
4. Match all addresses.
1. Matching a specific host.
For standard access lists:
Access-List 10 permit 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0
or
Access-List 10 permit 192.168.150.50
or
Access-List 10 permit host 192.168.150.50
For extended access lists:
Access-list 110 deny ip 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0 any
or
Access-list 110 deny ip host 192.168.150.50 any
2. Matching an entire subnet
Example 1
Address: 192.168.50.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Access-list 25 deny 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255
Example 2
Access-list 12 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
Example 3
Access-list 125 deny udp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any
(standard ACLs
assume a 0.0.0.0 mask)
15
Example 1
Access-list 125 permit udp 10.250.50.112 0.0.0.31 any
e Example 2
Address Range: 192.168.16.0 to 192.168.16.127
Access-list 125 deny ip 192.168.16.0 0.0.0.127 any
(This ACL would block the lower half of the subnet.)
Example 3
Address: 172.250.16.32 to 172.250.31.63
Access-list 125 permit ip 172.250.16.32 0.0.15.31 any
4. Match everyone.
For standard access lists:
Access-List 15 permit any
or
Access-List 15 deny 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
For extended access lists:
Access-List 175 permit ip any any
or
Access-List 175 deny tcp 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 any
3. Match a specific range
192.
-192.
Wildcard: 0.
168.
168.
0.
16.
16.
0.
127
0
127
255.
-255.
Wildcard: 0.
255.
255.
0.
255.
255.
0.
255
224
31
Custom Subnet mask:
172.
-172.
0.
250.
250.
0.
31.
16.
15.
63
32
31 Wildcard:
16
J ust like a subnet mask the wildcard mask tells the router what part of the
address to check or ignore. Zero (0) must match exactly, one (1) will be
ignored.
The source address can be a single address, a range of addresses, or
an entire subnet.
As a rule of thumb the wildcard mask is the reverse of the subnet mask.
Example #1:
IP Address and subnet mask: 204.100.100.0 255.255.255.0
IP Address and wildcard mask: 204.100.100.0 0.0.0.255
All zeros (or 0.0.0.0) means the address must match exactly.
Example #2:
10.10.150.95 0.0.0.0 (This address must match exactly.)
Ones will be ignored.
Example #3:
10.10.150.95 0.0.0.255 (Any 10.10.150.0 subnet address will match.
10.10.150.0 to 10.10.150.255)
This also works with subnets.
Example #4:
(Subtract the subnet mask from
255.255.255.255 to create the wildcard)
Do the math... 255 - 255 =0 (This is the inverse of the subnet mask.)
255 - 224 =31
Example #5:
Do the math... (This is the inverse of the subnet mask.)
Creating Wildcard Masks
-
-
-
255
255
255
255
128
0
0
127
255
=
=
=
17
Wildcard Mask Problems
1. Create a wildcard mask to match this exact address.
IP Address: 192.168.25.70
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ___________________________________
2. Create a wildcard mask to match this range.
IP Address: 210.150.10.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ___________________________________
3. Create a wildcard mask to match this host.
IP Address: 195.190.10.35
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 __________________________________
IP Address: 172.16.0.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 __________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 __________________________________
6. Create a wildcard mask to match this exact address.
IP Address: 165.100.0.130
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 __________________________________
IP Address: 192.10.10.16
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 __________________________________
IP Address: 171.50.75.128
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 __________________________________
9. Create a wildcard mask to match this host.
IP Address: 10.250.30.2
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 __________________________________
IP Address: 210.150.28.16
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248 __________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 __________________________________
IP Address: 135.35.230.32
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248 __________________________________
0 . 0 . 0 . 0
0 . 0 . 0 . 255
Based on the given information list the usable source addresses or range of
usable source addresses that would be permitted or denied for each access
list statement.
1.access-list 10 permit 192.168.150.50 0.0.0.0
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
2. access-list 5 permit any
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
3. access-list 125 deny tcp 195.223.50.0 0.0.0.63 host 172.168.10.1 fragments
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
4. access-list 11 deny 210.10.10.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
5. access-list 108 deny ip 192.220.10.0 0.0.0.15 172.32.4.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
6. access-list 171 deny any host 175.18.24.10 fragments
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
7. access-list 105 permit 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.255 any
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
8. access-list 109 permit tcp 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.10.1 eq 80
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
9. access-list 111 permit ip any any
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
10. access-list 195 permit udp 172.30.12.0 0.0.0.127 172.50.10.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Any address
18
192.168.150.50
195.223.50.1 to 195.223.50.63
19
11. access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.3 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
16. access-list 101 Permit ip 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.127 192.168.30.10 0.0.0.0
Answer:__________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
18. access-list 160 deny udp 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 172.18.10.18 0.0.0.0 gt 22
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
19. access-list 195 permit icmp 172.85.0.0 0.0.15.255 172.50.10.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
20. access-list 10 permit 175.15.120.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
21. access-list 190 permit tcp 172.15.0.0 0.0.15.31 any
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
Answer: _________________________________________________________________
20
Based on the given information list the usable destination addresses or range
of usable destination addresses that would be permitted or denied for each
access list statement.
1.access-list 125 deny tcp 195.223.50.0 0.0.0.63 host 172.168.10.1 fragments
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
2. access-list 115 permit any any
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
4. access-list 120 deny tcp 172.32.4.0 0.0.0.255 192.220.10.0 0.0.0.15
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
7. access-list 105 permit any 192.168.15.0 0.0.0.255
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
9. access-list 160 deny udp 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255 172.18.10.18 0.0.0.0 eq 21
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
Any address
172.168.10.1
192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.63
Writing
Standard Access Lists...
Melvins
Computer
172.16.70.35
Kathys
Computer
192.168.90.38
E0
E1
Router A
Franks
Computer
172.16.70.32
J ims
Computer
192.168.90.36
22
172.16.70.1
192.168.90.2
Write a standard access list to block Melvins computer from sending information to Kathys
computer; but will allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of
the individual statements in an ACL can be written.
Interface: E1
Access-list #: 10
Router(config)# access-list 10 deny 172.16.70.35
or
access-list 10 deny 172.16.70.35 0.0.0.0
or
access-list 10 deny host 172.16.70.35
Router(config)# access-list 10 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
or
access-list 10 permit any
Router(config)# interface e1
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 10 out
[Viewing information about existing ACLs]
Router# show configuration (This will show which access groups are associated
with particular interfaces)
Router# show access list 10 (This will show detailed information about this ACL)
Standard Access List Sample #1
210.30.28.0
S0
23
Write a standard access list to block J ims computer from sending information to Franks
computer; but will allow all other traffic from the 192.168.90.0 network. Permit all traffic from the
210.30.28.0 network to reach the 172.16.70.0 network. Deny all other traffic. Keep in mind that there
may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written.
Interface: E0
Access-list #: 28
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# access-list 28 deny 192.168.90.36
or
access-list 28 deny 192.168.90.36 0.0.0.0
or
access-list 28 deny host 192.168.90.36
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 28 out
Router# copy run start
[Disabling ACLs]
Router(config-if)# no ip access-group 28 out
[Removing an ACL]
Router(config-if)# no ip access-group 28 out
Router(config)# no access-list 28
Standard Access List Sample #2
Write a standard access list to block Debbies computer from receiving information from
Michaels computer; but will allow all other traffic. List all the command line options for this
problem. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in
an ACL can be written.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
or
________________________________________________________
or
________________________________________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
or
______________________________________________________
Router(config)# interface ________
Router(config-if)# ip access-group ________ in or out (circle one)
S0
S1
FA0
FA1
Router B
Router A
223.190.32.1
192.16.32.94
172.16.28.36 Michaels
Computer
Debbies
Computer
223.190.32.16
192.16.32.95
24
Standard Access List Problem #1
FA0
Write a standard access list to permit Debbies computer to receive information from
Michaels computer; but will deny all other traffic from the 223.190.32.0 network. Block all
traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network. Permit all other traffic. List all the command line options
for this problem. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual
statements in an ACL can be written.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
or
________________________________________________________
or
________________________________________________________
Router(config)#_________________________________________________________
Router(config)#_________________________________________________________
Router(config)#_________________________________________________________
or
_______________________________________________________
25
26
S0
S1
E0
FA1
Router B
Router A
204.90.30.124
10.250.30.35
192.168.88.4 10.250.30.36
Rodneys
Computer
J ims
Computer
204.90.30.126
192.168.88.5
Carols
Computer
204.90.30.125
Write a standard access list to block Rodney and Carols computer from sending information
to J ims computer; but will allow all other traffic from the 204.90.30.0 network. Block all other
traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an
ACL can be written.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
27
Using a minimum number of commands write a standard access list named Ralph to block
Carols computer from sending information to J ims computer; but will permit J im to receive
data from Rodney. Block the upper half of the 204.90.30.0 range from reaching J ims
computer while permitting the lower half of the range. Block all other traffic. For help with
blocking the upper half of the range review page 13 or the wildcard mask problems on pages
16 and 17. For help with named ACLs review pages 12 and 13.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list Name: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
Router(config-std-nacl)# _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Router(config-std-nacl)# interface ________
28
Write a standard access list to block 172.30.225.2 and 172.30.225.3 from sending
information to the 212.180.10.0 network; but will allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that
there may be multiple ways many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
S0 S1
E0 E1
S0 S1
Router B
Router C
Router A
S1
172.30.225.1
212.180.10.5
172.30.225.2
172.30.225.3
212.180.10.6
212.180.10.2
29
Write a standard access list to block and log 212.180.10.2 from sending information to the
172.30.225.0 network. Permit and log 212.180.10.6 to send data to the 172.30.225.0 network.
Deny all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways many of the individual
statements in an ACL can be written. (Check the example on page 10 for help with the logging
option.)
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
30
Write a standard access list to block the addresses 192.168.15.1 to 192.168.15.31 from
sending information to the 210.140.15.0 network. Do not permit any traffic from 198.32.10.25
to reach the 210.140.15.0 network. Permit all other traffic. For help with this problem review
page 13 or the wildcard mask problems on pages 16 and 17.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
S0
S1
FA0
S0
Router B
Router C
Router A
S1
192.168.15.3
198.32.10.25
210.140.15.8
FA1
FA0
192.168.15.172
210.140.15.1
198.32.10.25
31
Write a standard named access list called Cisco_Lab_A to permit traffic from the lower half of
the 198.32.10.0 network to reach 192.168.15.0 network; block the upper half of the addresses.
Allow host 198.32.10.192 to reach network 192.168.15.0. Permit all other traffic. For help with
this problem review page 13 or the wildcard masks problems on pages 16 and 17. For
assistance with named ACLs review pages 12 and 13.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list Name: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
Router(config-std-nacl)# _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Router(config-std-nacl)# interface ________
Router(config-if)# ip access-group __________________ in or out (circle one)
32
Write a standard access list to block network 192.168.255.0 from receiving information from
the following addresses: 10.250.1.1, 10.250.2.1, 10.250.4.1, and the entire 10.250.3.0
255.255.255.0 network. Allow all other traffic. Keep in mind that there may be multiple ways
many of the individual statements in an ACL can be written.
Router Name: ___________________________
Interface: _______________________________
Access-list #: ____________________________
Router(config)# ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Router A
FA0
FA0
Writing
Extended Access Lists...
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s
Optional ACL Commands
& Other Network Security Ideas
In order to reduce the chance of spoofing from outside your network consider adding the
following statements to your networks inbound access list.
router#config t
router(config)#access-list 100 deny ip 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any
router(config)#access-list 100 deny ip your-subnet-# your-subnet-mask-#any
router(config)#access-list 100 deny igmp any any
router(config)#access-list 100 deny icmp any any redirect
router(config)#access-list 100 permit any any
router(config)#interface e0 (or whatever your inbound port is)
router(config-if)#ip access-group in
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#exit
Another handy security tool is to only allow ip packets out of your network with your source
address.
router#config t
router(config)#access-list 100 permit ip your-subnet-# your-subnet-mask-#any
router(config)#interface e0 (or whatever your outbound port is)
router(config-if)#ip access-group out
router(config-if)#exit
router(config)#exit
To keep packets with unreachable destinations from entering your network add this command:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 null 0 255
To protect against smurf and other attacks add the following commands to every external
interface:
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip source-route
fair-queue
scheduler interval 500
64
Index / Table of Contents
Access-List Numbers.......................................................................Inside Cover
What are Access Control Lists?..........................................................................1
General Access Lists Information.......................................................................1
How routers use Access Lists.............................................................................1
Standard Access Lists.........................................................................................2
Why Standard ACLs must be placed close to the destination..........................2
Standard Access List Placement Sample Problems.........................................3
Standard Access List Placement Problems....................................................4-5
Extended Access Lists........................................................................................6
Why Extended ACLs must be placed close to the destination.........................6
Extended Access List Placement Sample Problems........................................7
Extended Access List Placement Problems..................................................8-9
Choosing to Filter Incoming or Outgoing Packets...........................................10
Breakdown of a Standard ACL Statement........................................................10
Breakdown of a Extended ACL Statement.......................................................11
What are Named Access Control Lists..................................................................12
Named Access Lists Information..........................................................................12
Applying a Standard Named Access List called George...............................12
Applying an Extended Named Access List called Gracie.............................13
Choices for Using Wildcard Masks..............................................................14-15
Creating Wildcard Masks...................................................................................16
Wildcard Mask Problems.............................................................................18-20
Writing Standard Access Lists.....................................................................21-32
Writing Extended Access Lists.....................................................................33-63
Deny/Permit Specific Addresses.......................................................33-39
Deny/Permit Entire Ranges................................................................40-45
Deny/Permit a Range of Addresses..................................................46-53
Deny/Permit Port Numbers.................................................................54-63
Optional ACL Commands...................................................................................64
Index / Table of Contents...................................................................................65
Port Numbers...............................................................................66-Inside Cover
65
Port Numbers
Some commonly used port numbers:
0 Reserved
1 TCPMUX (TCP Port Service Multiplexer)
5 RJ E (Remote J ob Entry)
7 ECHO
9 DISCARD
11 SYSTAT (Active users)
13 DAYTIME
17 QUOTE (Quote of the day)
18 MSP (Message Send Protocol)
19 CHARGEN (Character generator)
20 FTP-DATA (File Transfer Protocol - Data)
21 FTP (File Transfer Protocol - Control)
22 SSH (Remote Login Protocol)
23 Telnet (Terminal Connection)
25 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
29 MSG ICP
37 TIME
39 RLP (Resource Location Protocol
42 NAMESERV (Host Name Server)
Port numbers are now assigned by the ICANN (Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers). Commonly used TCP and UDP
applications are assigned a port number; such as: HTTP - 80, POP3 - 110,
FTP - 20. When an application communicates with another application on
another node on the internet, it specifies that application in each data
transmission by using its port number. You can also type the name (ie. Telnet)
instead of the port number (ie. 23). Port numbers range from 0 to 65536 and
are divided into three ranges:
Below is a short list of some commonly used ports. For a complete list of
port numbers go to http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers.
0
1,024
49,152
to
to
to
1,023
49,151
65,535
Well Known Ports
Registered Ports
Dynamic and/or Private Ports
66
Inside Cover
43 NICNAME (Who Is)
49 LOGIN (Login Host Protocol)
53 DNS (Domain Name Server)
67 BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol Server)
68 BOOTPS (Bootstrap Protocol Client)
69 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
70 GOPHER (Gopher Services )
75 (Any Privite Dial-out Service)
79 FINGER
80 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
95 SUPDUP (SUPDUP Protocol)
101 HOSTNAME (NIC Host Name Server)
108 SNAGAS (SNA Gateway Access Server)
109 POP2 (Post Office Protocol - Version 2)
110 POP3 (Post Office Protocol - Version 3)
113 AUTH (Authentication Service)
115 SFTP (Simple File Transfer Protocol)
117 UUCP-PATH (UUCP Path Service)
118 SQLSERV (SQL Services)
119 NNTP (Newsgroup)
123 NTP (Network Tim Protocol)
137 NetBIOS-NS (NetBIOS Name Service)
139 NetBIOS-SSN (NetBIOS Session Service )
143 IMAP (Interim Mail Access Protocol)
150 SQL-NET (NetBIOS Session Service)
156 SQLSRV (SQL Service)
161 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
179 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
190 GACP (Gateway Access Control Protocol)
194 IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
197 DLS (Directory Location Service)
389 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
396 NETWARE-IP (Novell Netware over IP )
443 HTTPS (HTTP MCom)
444 SNPP (Simple Network Paging Protocol)
445 Microsoft-DS
458 Apple QuickTime
546 DHCP Client
547 DHCP Server
563 SNEWS
569 MSN

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