LTE Fundamentals

Introduction
Why learn about LTE FUNDAMENTALS
20 minutes !
LTE today Rel 8
LTE tomorrow Rel 10
Scope and objectives
Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface
Give an overview of the evolution of LTE
Objectives
Scope
Key LTE radio access features
LTE in the future
How to learn more
Overview
Key LTE radio access features
TX TX
Advanced antenna solutions
Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
20 MHz 1.4 MHz
Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
SC-FDMA
OFDMA
LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA
LTE Radio Access Downlink
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers
Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point
f = 15 kHz
t
i
m
e
frequency
User 1
User 2
User 3
LTE Radio Access Uplink
SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)
Pre-coded OFDM
Similar to OFDM
15 kHz tones BUT consecutive
Same time-domain structure
Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
t
i
m
e
frequency
User 1
User 2
User 3
LTE DL Physical Resources
12 sub-carriers
t
i
m
e
frequency
O
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e

s
u
b
f
r
a
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e
1
4

O
F
D
M

s
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m
b
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s

One Scheduling Block
(2 Resource Blocks)
180 kHz and 1 ms
Scheduling
Time domain
Round-robin
Max C/I
Proportional fair
Frequency domain
Consecutive
Random
Measurement based
Downlink
t
i
m
e
frequency
User 1
User 2
User 3
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair
Link adaptation
Layer 1 feature
Time Domain (/user)
Modulation scheme
Channel coding
Frequency Domain (/SB)
Not that common
Data Control Data Control
Channel coding
Modulation scheme
16QAM 64QAM QPSK
OFDM
symbol
2bits 4bits 6bits
Time dispersion
Direct path
Reflected path
Measured by UE
T
u
One OFDM symbol
Cyclic prefix insertion
Direct path
Reflected path
Measured by UE
T
u
T
CP
One OFDM symbol
CP: 4.7s => 1.4km
Multi-antenna Transmission
Examples
MISO (Multiple In Single Out)
Beam forming
Transmit diversity
SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)
Receive diversity
MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)
All above +
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO)
eNodeB
Terminal
device
Radio channel
eNodeB
Terminal
device
Radio channel
eNodeB Terminal
device
Radio channel
Spectrum Flexibility
New and existing bands
FDD and TDD
Flexible bandwidth
LTE Channel bandwidths [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
1.4MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks
20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks
LTE DL peak rate
20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM
14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe
64QAM = 6 bits per symbol
6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe
84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier
12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block
100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz
100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna
4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps !
BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps
and UL
no MIMO
75Mbps
LTE in the Future Evolution!
LTE Advanced study in 3GPP
Start March 2008
Expected Release 10 (2011)
LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Major enhancements
Higher peak rates
Relaying solutions
LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Higher peak rates
Carrier aggregation
Spectrum aggregation
DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission
20 MHz
100 MHz total bandwidth
20 MHz 20 MHz
40 MHz total bandwidth
4
8
Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !
1.2Gbps demonstrated
4 x 20 MHz
DL 4x4 MIMO
Commercial
hardware