I

A
and I
B
alleles are dominant
I
O
allele is recessive
I
A
and I
B
codominant
If both alleles ,I
A
and I
B
,are present,
neither dominates the other
if a person receives an I
A
allele and an I
B
allele, his blood group is AB.

Individuals with blood group AB are
heterozygous (I
A
I
B
)


Blood group O must be homozygous
recessive(I
O
I
O
).Antigen A B
I
A
- Antigen A ,I
B
- Antigen A ,I
O
No
antigen

universal recipients -Type AB blood
doesnt have antibodies and they are
able to receive blood from other groups
universal donor -Type O blood
does not have surface antigen on red
blood cells. Antibodies in blood group A,
B ,AB do not cause type O blood to
clump together


Antigen that present on surface of red
blood cells
Controlled by a pair of alles
Rh allele
rh allele
Rh allele dominant over the rh allelel
Individuals with Rhesus factor is known as
Rh-positive (Rh+)
Genotype of a Rh-positive individual can
be either homozygous dominant (Rh-Rh)
or heterozygous (Rh-rh)
Individuals without Rh factor is known as
Rh-negative (Rh-)
Rh-negative individuals are homozygous
recessive (rh-rh)

Rhesus factor can be cause death when
a Rh-negative person receive Rh-
positive blood.
During blood transfusion the recipients
blood reacts by producing Rhesus
antibodies.
The Rhesus antibodies results in
agglitination of the donors blood in the
recipient and this may lead to death.
The Rhesus factor can also create a
problem id a Rh-negative mother has more
than one Rh-positive baby
A Rh-positive man and a Rh-negative
woman conceive a child
The Rh-negative woman carries the Rh-
positive foetus
During the later stages of the first
pregnancy fragments of the Rh-positive red
blood cells of the foetus may enter the
mothers blood circulation
This causes the mothers immune system to
react by producing Rhesus antibodies
The antibodies enter the foestuss blood
circulatory system through the placenta
and destroy the foetal red blood cells.
Normally the amount of antibodies formed
is not sufficcient to cause any effect on the
firstborn
After delievering the first babay the woman
has Rhesus antibodies to fight Rh-negative
blood cells