Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Sector Energy PTI NC

Theodor Connor
Neutral earthing in low voltage
Page 1 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Content
Neutral earthing principle
Load flow
Fault conditions
Page 2 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing (Fault Protection)
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part1)
Earth
L1
L3
L2
N
Source
Installation
The systemearthing is a essential
part of protection against faults
(Protection against indirect contact)
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
Page 3 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
The types of systemearthing are defined via the relationship of power systemand of
exposed conductive parts to earth.
The first letter shows the relationship of power systemto earth.
T: Direct connection of one point to earth
I: All live parts isolated fromearth

The second letter shows the relationship of exposed conductive parts to earth
T: Direct electrical connection of exposed conductive parts of the installation to
earth, independently of the earthing of any point of the power system
N: Direct electrical connection of the exposed conductive parts to the earthed point
of the power system.
Subsequent letter if any shows the arrangement of neutral and protective
conductor: S: separated protective and neutral conductor (5wire); C: Neutral and
protective function combined in a single conductor (4wire)

Types of system earthing

according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (part2)
Page 4 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Low voltage systems
TN-S-System
IT-System
TT-System
L2
L3
N
L1
Earthing of system
Exposed conductive part
PE
Impedance
1)
Definitions according IEC 60364-3
Page 5 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Low voltage systems
Separated PE and Neutral conductor
in the whole interconnected LV-system
PE- and Neutral conductor combined
in the feeding part of LV- system
TN-S-System
TN-C-S-
System
Page 6 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)
Source
Installation
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Load current
PE
Three phase load
Page 7 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)
Source
Installation
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Load current
PE
Single phase load
Page 8 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-S System)
Source
Installation
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Fault current
PE
Single phase short circuit
Page 9 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TN-C-S System)
Source
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Fault current
Single phase short circuit
Page 10 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (TT System)
Source
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Fault current
Local earth
Page 11 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Types of system earthing
according to IEC 60364-1 (2005-11) (IT System)
Source
Exposed conductive
parts of installation
: Fault current
Local earth
Page 12 01.2008
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PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Low voltage supply by TN-C
Socket
PEN
Transformer
Structure of building,
pipe
Socket
Screen
Tokenring
L1
I
L1
I
N
I
PEN
I
L1
= phase current
I
N
= neutral conductor current
I
PEN
= PEN conductor current
Page 13 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Low voltage supply by TN-C
Socket
PEN
Transformer
Structure of building,
pipe
Socket
Screen
Tokenring
I
L1
= phase current
I
N
= neutral conductor current
I
stru
= part returning via structure
I
Stray
= stray current via communication cable
U = voltage drop
L1
On
I
L1
I
N
I
stru
I
PEN

U

>

0
I
stray
I
stray
I
stray
I
L1
I
L1
Page 14 01.2008
For internal use only. / Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
PTD SE PTI Th. Connor
Low voltage supply by TN-S
Socket
PEN
Transformer
Structure of building,
pipe
Socket
Screen
Tokenring
I
L1
= phase current
I
N
= neutral conductor current
U = voltage drop
L1
On
I
L1 I
N
I
PEN

U

=

0