Professional Documents
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UST - Administrative Law (2011)
UST - Administrative Law (2011)
146
POLITICALLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&
HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,
CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIA
G.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.
VILLAMOR.
J.ADMINISTRATIVELAW
a.GENERALPRINCIPLES
Q:DefineAdministrativeLaw?
Q:WhatarethekindsofAdministrativeLaw?
A:
1. Statutes setting up administrative
authorities.
2. Body ofdoctrines and decisions dealing
with the creation, operation, and effect
of determinations and regulations of
suchadministrativeauthorities.
3. Rules, regulations, or orders of such
administrative authorities in pursuance
of the purposes, for which
administrative authorities were created
orendowed.
4. Determinations, decisions, and orders
ofsuchadministrativeauthoritiesinthe
settlement of controversies arising in
theirparticularfield.
b.CREATIONOFADMINISTRATIVEBODIESAND
AGENCIES
Q:Whatisanadministrativeagency?
Q:Howareagenciescreated?
A:By:
1. Constitutionalprovision
2. Authorityoflaw
3. Legislativeenactment
Q:Citereasonsforthecreationofadministrative
agencies.
A:To:
1. Helpunclogcourtdockets
2. mMeet the growing complexities of
modernsociety
3. Help in the regulation of ramified
activitiesofadevelopingcountry
4. Entrust to specialized agencies the task
of dealing with problems as they have
theexperience,expertise,andpowerof
dispatchtoprovidesolutionthereto.
Q:Whatisaninstrumentality?
Q:WhatisanAgency?
Q:Whatisthedistinctionbetweenthetwo?
Q:Whatisaquasijudicialbodyoragency?
c.POWERSOFADMINISTRATIVEAGENCIES
A:
1. Quasilegislative power or rulemaking
power
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
2. Quasijudicialoradjudicatorypower
3. Determinativepower
A:
QUASILEGISLATIVE
147
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
QUASIJUDICIAL
Operatesonthefuture
1.QuasiLegislative(RuleMaking)Power
Q:Definequasilegislativepower.
A:
1. Legislativeregulation
2. Supplementary or detailed legislation
whichisintendedtofillinthedetailsof
the law and to make explicit what is
onlygeneral.e.g.RulesandRegulations
ImplementingtheLaborCode.
3. Contingent legislation in which
administrative agencies are allowed to
ascertain the existence of particular
contingencies and on the basis thereof
enforce or suspend the operation of a
law.
4. Interpretative legislation rules and
regulations construing or interpreting
the provisions of a statute to be
enforced and binding on all concerned
until changed. They have the effect of
law and are entitled to great respect
havingintheirfavorthepresumptionof
legality.E.g.BIRcirculars.
A:
1. Promulgated in accordance with the
Prescribedprocedure.
2. Reasonable.
3. IssuedunderAuthorityoflaw.
4. Administrative regulations, issued for
the purpose of implementing existing
law, pursuant to a valid delegation are
included in the term laws under
Article 2, of the Civil Code and must
therefore be published in order to be
effective.
5. It must be within the Scope and
purviewofthelaw.
6. Filing with the Office of the National
Administrative Register (ONAR) of the
UniversityofthePhilippinesLawCenter
Note:Butmereinterpretativeregulations,andthose
merely internal in nature, i.e. regulating only the
personnel of the administrative agency and not the
public, need not be published (Taada v. Tuvera,
G.R.No.63915,December29,1986)
Q:Whataretheguidelinestorulemaking?
A:
1. It must be consistent with the law and
theconstitution
2. It must have reasonable relationship to
thepurposeofthelaw
3. It must be within the limits of the
power granted to administrative
agencies
4. Maynotamend,alter,modify,supplant,
enlarge,limitornullifythetermsofthe
law
5. It must be uniform in operation,
reasonable and not unfair or
discriminatory
6. Must be promulgated in accordance
withtheprescribedprocedure
A:
1. It must be within the limits of the
powers granted to administrative
agencies.
2. Cannotmakerulesorregulationswhich
are inconsistent with the provision of
theConstitutionorstatute.
3. Cannot defeat the purpose of the
statute.
4. Maynotamend,alter,modify,supplant,
enlarge, or limit the terms of the
statute.
5. A rule or regulation must be uniform in
operation,reasonableandnotunfairor
discriminatory.
148
POLITICALLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&
HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,
CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIA
G.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.
VILLAMOR.
Q: What is the Doctrine of Subordinate
Legislation?
A:Powerofadministrativeagencytopromulgate
rulesandregulationsonmatterswithintheirown
specialization.
Q:Whatisthereasonbehindthedelegation?
A:
1. Rulemakingpower
2. Cannot contravene a statute or the
constitution
3. PartakesthenatureofastatuteRules
are not laws but have the force and
effectoflaws.
4. Enjoys the presumption of legality
therefore courts should respect and
apply them unless declared invalid; all
other agencies should likewise respect
them.
Theseinterpretativeregulationsareusuallyinthe
formofcirculars,directives,opinions,andrulings.
2.QuasiJudicial(Adjudicatory)Power
Q:Definequasijudicialpower.
A:Itis thepowerofadministrativeauthoritiesto
makedeterminationsoffactsin theperformance
oftheirofficialdutiesandtoapplythelawasthey
construe it to the facts so found. It partakes the
nature of judicial power, but is exercised by a
personotherthanajudge.
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
149
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
2.a.AdministrativeDueProcess
Note:Therulesofprocedureofquasijudicialbodies
shall remain effective unless disapproved by the
SupremeCourt.
A:
1. Right to a hearing which includes the
right to present ones case and submit
evidenceinsupport
2. Thetribunalmustconsidertheevidence
presented
3. The decision must be supported by
evidence
4. Suchevidencemustbesubstantial
5. The decision must be based on the
evidencepresentedatthehearingorat
least contained in the record, and
disclosedtothepartiesaffected
6. Thetribunalorbodyofanyofitsjudges
must act on its own independent
consideration of the law and facts of
thecontroversyinarrivingatadecision;
7. The board or body should render
decision that parties know the various
issues involved and reason for such
decision
8. Officer or tribunal must be vested with
competent jurisdiction and must be
impartial and honest. (Ang Tibay v. CIR,
G.R.No.L46496,Feb.27,1940)
A:
1. Urgencyofimmediateaction
2. Tentativenessofadministrativeaction
3. Grant or revocation of licenses or
permits to operate certain businesses
affectingpublicorderormorals
4. Summaryabatementofnuisanceperse
which affects safety of persons or
property
5. Preventive suspension of public officer
or employee facing administrative
charges
6. Cancellation of a passport of a person
soughtforcriminalprosecution
7. Summary proceedings of distraint and
levy upon property of a delinquent
taxpayer
8. Replacement of a temporary or acting
appointee
9. Right was previously offered but not
claimed
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
150
POLITICALLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&
HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,
CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIA
G.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.
VILLAMOR.
2.b.AdministrativeAppealandReview
Q:Whatistheconceptofadministrativereview?
A:Administrativeappealsarenottheonlywayby
whichadecisionofanadministrativeagencymay
be reviewed. A superior officer or department
head may upon his or her own volition review a
subordinates decision pursuant to the power of
control.
2.c.AdministrativeResJudicata
3.Licensing,RateFixingandFactFindingPowers
Q:WhatisLicensingPower?
Q:Whatisthenatureofanadministrativeagencys
act if it is empowered by a statute to revoke a
license for noncompliance or violation of agency
regulations?
A:Forproceduralpurposes,anadministrativeaction
is not a purely administrative act if it is dependent
upon the ascertainment of facts by the
administrative agency. Where a statute empowers
an agency to revoke a license for noncompliance
with or violation of agency regulations, the
administrative act is of a judicial nature, since it
depends upon the ascertainment if the existence of
certainpastorpresentfactsuponwhichadecisionis
tobemadeandrightsandliabilitiesdetermined.
Q:DefineRateFixingPower.
Q:Whatdoesthetermratemean?
A:Itmeansanychargetothepublicforaservice
open to all and upon the same terms, including
individual or joint rates, tolls, classification or
schedules thereof, as well as communication,
mileage, kilometrage and other special rates
whichshallbeimposedbylaworregulationtobe
observedandfollowedbyaperson.
Note:Fixingratesisessentiallylegislativebutmaybe
delegated. (Philippine InterIsland v. CA, G.R. No.
100481,January22,1997)
Q:Howisratefixingpowerperformed?
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
A:Yes.Thisisnotdelegationofwhatthelawshall
be, but how the law will be enforced, which is
permissible. Hence the legislature may delegate
to an administrative agency the power to
determine some fact or state of things upon
whichthelawmakes,orintendstomake,itsown
action depend, or the law may provide that it
shall become operative only upon the
contingency or some certain fact or event, the
ascertainment of which is left to an
administrativeagency.(1Am.Jur.2d930931)
Q:Whataretherequirementsforthedelegation
ofthepowertoascertainfactstobevalid?
4.DeterminativePowers
Q:Definedeterminativepowers.
Q:Whatconsisteddeterminativepowers?
A:DEDE_S
1. Enabling Permits the doing of an act
which the law undertakes to regulate
and which would be unlawful without
governmentapproval.
2. Directing Orders the doing or
performance of particular acts to
ensurethecompliancewiththelawand
are often exercised for corrective
purposes.
3. Dispensing To relax the general
operation of a law or to exempt from
general prohibition, or to relieve an
individual or a corporation from an
affirmativeduty.
4. Examining This is also called
investigatory power. It requires
production of books, papers, etc., the
attendanceofwitnessesandcompelling
theirtestimony.
5. Summary Power to apply compulsion
or force against persons or property to
effectuate a legal purpose without
judicial warrants to authorize such
actions.
d.JUDICIALRECOURSEANDREVIEW
1.DoctrineofPrimaryAdministrative
Jurisdiction
Q:Whatisthedoctrineofprimaryjurisdictionor
doctrineofpriorresort?
Note:Insuchinstances,reliefmustfirstbeobtained
inadministrativeproceedingbeforearemedywillbe
supplied by the courts even though the matter is
withintheproperjurisdictionofacourt.Thejudicial
processisaccordinglysuspendedpendingreferralof
theclaimtotheadministrativeagencyforitsview.
Q:Whatarethereasonsforthisdoctrine?
A:
1. Totakefulladvantageofadministrative
expertness;and
Q:Whenisthedoctrineinapplicable?
A:
1. When,bythecourt'sdetermination,the
legislaturedidnotintendthattheissues
be left solely to the initial
determination of the administrative
body.
153
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
2.DoctrineofExhaustionofAdministrative
Remedies
A:
1. To enable the administrative superiors
tocorrecttheerrorscommittedbytheir
subordinates.
2. Courts should refrain from disturbing
the findings of administrative bodies in
deferenceto the doctrine of separation
ofpowers.
3. Courts should not be saddled with the
reviewofadministrativecases.
4. Judicialreviewofadministrativecasesis
usually effected through special civil
actionswhichareavailableonlyifthere
isnootherplain,speedy,andadequate
remedy.
5. To avail of administrative remedy
entailslesserexpensesandprovidesfor
aspeedierdispositionofcontroversies.
Q:Whataretheexceptionstotheapplicationof
thedoctrine?
A:DELILAPULPMUNQ
1. ViolationofDueprocess
2. When there is Estoppel on the part of
theadministrativeagencyconcerned
3. When the issue involved is a purely
Legalquestion
4. WhenthereisIrreparableinjury
5. When the administrative action is
patently illegal amounting to Lack or
excessofjurisdiction
6. When the respondent is a Department
Secretary whose acts as an Alter ego of
the President bears the implied and
assumedapprovalofthelatter
7. When the subject matter is a Private
landcaseproceedings
8. WhenitwouldbeUnreasonable
9. When no administrative review is
providedbyLaw
10. WhentheruledoesnotprovideaPlain,
speedy,andadequateremedy
11. When the issue of nonexhaustion of
administrative remedies has been
renderedMoot
12. When there are circumstances
indicating the Urgency of judicial
intervention
13. WhenitwouldamounttoaNullification
ofaclaim;and
14. Where the rule of Qualified political
agency applies. (Laguna CATV Network
v. Maraan, G.R. No. 139492, Nov. 19,
2002)
A:
154
POLITICALLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&
HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,
CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIA
G.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.
VILLAMOR.
DOCTRINEOF
PRIMARY
JURISDICTION
DOCTRINEOF
EXHAUSTIONOF
ADMINISTRATIVE
REMEDIES
Bothdealwiththeproperrelationshipsbetweenthe
courtsandadministrativeagencies.
Applies where a case is
within the concurrent
jurisdiction ofthe court
and an administrative
agency but the
determination of the
case requires the
technical expertise of
the administrative
agency
Applies where a claim is
cognizable in the first
instance by an
administrative agency
alone
Although the matter is
within the jurisdiction
of the court, it must
yield to the jurisdiction
of the administrative
case
Judicial interference is
withheld until the
administrative process
hasbeencompleted
3.DoctrineofRipenessforReview
Q:WhatistheDoctrineofRipenessforReview?
Q:Whendoesthedoctrineapply?
A:VICS
1. When the Interest of the plaintiff is
subjected to or imminently threatened
withsubstantialinjury.
2. IfthestatuteisSelfexecuting.
3. When a party is immediately
confronted with the problem of
complying or violating a statute and
thereisariskofCriminalpenalties.
4. When plaintiff is harmed by the
Vaguenessofthestatute.
A:
1. Questionsoffact
3. Mixed( lawandfact)whenthereisa
mixed question of law and fact and the
court cannot separate the elements to
seeclearlywhatandwherethemistake
of law is, such question is treated as
question of fact for purposes of review
andthecourtswillnotordinarilyreview
the decision of the administrative
tribunal.
4.DoctrineofFinalityofAdministrativeAction
A:DEARPIA
A:
1. Finding is grounded on speculations or
conjectures
2. Inferences made are manifestly
mistakenorimpossible
3. Graveabuseofdiscretion
4. Misapprehensionoffacts,ortheagency
overlookedcertainfactsofsubstanceor
value which if considered would affect
theresultofthecase.
5. Agency went beyond the issues of the
case and the same are contrary to the
admissions of the parties or the
presented
6. Irregular procedures or the violation of
thedueprocess
7. Rights of a party were prejudiced
because the findings were in violation
of the constitution, or in excess of
statutory authority, vitiated by fraud,
mistake
8. Findings not supported by substantial
evidence
155
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
5.JudicialRelieffromThreatenedAdministrative
Action
6.JudicialReviewofAdministrativeAction
Q:Whatistheconceptofjudicialreview?
A: Judicial review is the reexamination or
determination by the courts in the exercise of
their judicial power in an appropriate case
instituted by a party aggrieved thereby as to
whether the questioned act, rule, or decision has
been validly or invalidly issued or whether the
sameshouldbenullified,affirmedormodified.
A:
1. Administrative action must have been
completed (the principle of finality of
administrativeaction;)and
2. Administrative remedies must have
been exhausted known as (the
principleofexhaustionofadministrative
remedies.)
Q:Whatarethelimitationsonjudicialreview?
A:
1. Finalandexecutorydecisionscannotbe
madethesubjectofjudicialreview.
2. Administrative acts involving a political
question are beyond judicial review,
except when there is an allegation that
there has been grave abuse of
discretion.
3. Courts are generally bound by the
findings of fact of an administrative
agency.
A:
GR:Yes.
XPN:FIPEGES
156
POLITICALLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&
HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,
CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIA
G.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.
VILLAMOR.
Q: What are the grounds which would warrant
thereversalofadministrativefinding?
A:MIGSVIBE
1. Misapprehensionoffacts,ortheagency
overlookedcertainfactsofsubstanceor
value which if considered would affect
theresultofthecase
3. Graveabuseofdiscretion