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1920 - 1941.

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....................................................................................................................7
PREFACE.........................................................................................................................9
............................................................................................................................13
..................................................13
: ........................................................................19
.................................................................................23
........................................................................................25
............................................................................................29
........................................................................................................41
.................................................................41
+1 +1.............................................59
- +2.................................................113
+2+, +3 +4.............................141
..................................................................181
........................234
.........................................................................................237
CONCLUDING REMARKS.............................................................................................239
................................................................................................................241
..............................................................................................................242
..........................................................................................246

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PREFACE
The idea to record and publish the structures built in Nis and Niska Banja
in the period between two world wars, originated in the conversations about
the Modernism, that is, the great shift in the architectonic creation in worldwide
and nationwide, a shift which in a relatively short time changed the appearance
of our cities, infusing the spirit of the new concepts in art and civil engineering
which spread through Europe and the world by the end of XIX century and in the
second and third decade of the XX century it completely overthrew all the forms
of historicism and academism.
The authors of this book first processed Niska Banja, a small segment in
terms of space, but an actual nucleus, historical and present day center of the
entire settlement. There, apart from the structures with the recognizable but
always charming mixture of various historical and folk lore pseudo-styles, which
are characteristic for spa resorts, another thing was evident: in that limited space,
in only a few years (1930-1940) a true exhibition of the Modernism structures was
built, in the open, a small Weissenhofsiedlung, secluded, out of the focus of the
public eye. The results of this research, published in 2000, were also published in
the Belgrade magazine Architecture and Town Planning No 8 of 2001, which was
entirely devoted to the town planning and architectonic topics pertaining to Nis.
The logical continuation of such interest was a later extension to a much wide
area, the entire city of Nis, where in the course of studying the archives and existing
structures, it was concluded that there are 300 structure which were built mostly in
the fourth decade of the previous century. All of them, of course, do not have all
the characteristics of the new architecture, and very often they are the mixture of
the old and the new way, classical solutions of the ground outline and some of the
elements of Modernism, applied prevalently in the formation of the facades. The
true representative of the new style are rare. This book should present, a review
of the period when Nis, having become a seat of the Moravska Banovina began
to intensively acquire a physiognomy of a large city, mostly by the construction of
numerous public, but also family and multi-family housing structure. It is a time
when a new spirit in the civil engineering was evidently taking the lead.
The family and multi-family housing make a most part of this monograph.
Apart from the structures described in this book (110), a large number of
structures was not taken into account (around 150) even though they were noted
by the author, because they are either a typical repetition or are not sufficiently
representative or are a poor attempt to apply the Modernism, so in the authors
opinion, as such do not deserve to be a part of the book.
In this part, the individual housing in Niska Banja was first taken into
consideration, for two reasons. The first reason is that the authors dealt with
the Modernism of Niska Banja as early as in 2001, so according to this the y
deemed that such sequence is the logical continuation of the initial work, which was
expanded to include the newly researched structures, and to adopt the new data.


The second reason for the commencement of this volume, which has a segment
dealing with the research of the family housing, is the specific quality of the spa
structures free-standing villas, which almost do not appear in the city.
The structures of the family and multi-family housing which were taken into
account in the City of Nis, were firstly classified by the number of floors, which
is the basic division, and the y they were classified by the types for each floor
level, and finally they were chronologically arranged by the types of from the
oldest to the newest. Such division and the chronological order was abandoned
only in the few extraordinary cases in order to connect a certain type of structure
to the previous one.
At the structures higher than GF+1 (and at the GF+1 structures themselves)
in some cases sometimes it was hard to ascertain whether they were used by
one owner, or there were several owners and tenants, which would identify them
as the multi-family housing, so in such cases they were divided by the number
of floors with the note that these structures once might have been used for the
multi-family lodging.
In the documentation of the Historical Archive of the City of Nis, a large
number of structures designed in the spirit of Modernism were found, and which
do not exist nowadays. A part of them was described in this volume. They were
treated equally with the existing objects, and it is only mentioned that they do not
exist any more and why, when authors could acquire data on the reasons1.
The topic of the status of documentation deserves a few more words.
Unfortunately, the authors often encountered the fact that the complete designs of
the structures vanished, discarded or preserved only in fragments. It is, particularly
when it concerns the public structures and institutions, an inconceivable carelessness.
For this reason, the data on the designers, investors, designing dates and construction
of some of the structures are unknown or incomplete. For some structures, despite
all the effort, it was impossible to find any part of the design, no even in the
Historical Archives of the city of Nis. Some of the gaps were partially filled by the
data collected in the field work.
The authors strived to provide as authentic data on the structures as possible,
but, even with this, some incorrect issues may occur due to the discrepancy in the
data about the design and construction date of the structures and the designers
themselves. The titles of the public structures, as they are known nowadays, are
complemented with the old names, for it was often the case that the function of
the building changed with the passage of time.
A part of the material referring to the public structures and housing multistorey buildings with 3 and more floors were treated by the architect Zoran
Cemerikic, and the family and multi-family structure GF+2+Attc were treated by
the architect Aleksandar Kekovic.
The literature dealing with the architecture in Serbia in the period between
two world wars almost with no exceptions refer only to Belgrade. It is the largest
city and the seat of the only architectonic faculty, and it is a logical consequence
in terms of quality and quantity. However, Nis and Novi Sad and some other
large cities have a considerable engineering heritage which ought to be recorded,
as well as the work of local and Belgrade architects who designed in the rest of
the country. The authors of this monograph hope that in this sense, this vacuum
will be partially filled.
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237

CONCLUDING REMARKS
Although very short, the period between the two world
wars can be considered as the most dynamic and dramatic
era in world, and especially European history. During that
period, after the dismantlement of long-lasting empires,
establishment of new countries and drastic changes in the
geopolitical map of Europe, we encounter even more radical
changes in the social and cultural aspects of life in the
surrounding Europian continent. New social, political and
economical movements and advancements arise, of which
the consequence is, the evolution of new values in the
material as well as the spiritual sense. Advancement in the
industrial and technical development of new technologies,
have the outcome of a faster rate of growth and the
possibility of more rapid and more effective improvements
within the field of civil engineering. All of above-mentioned
occurances lead to the beginning of new movements in
culture and the arts, and therefore in architecture itself.
The most important and dominant movement in the arts, is
the school of Modernism, which from the spirit of Russian
constructivism and supermatism, German rationalism and
Anglo-Saxon pragmatism, in combination with local-sacralarchitectural simplicity, brings about new architecturalartistic values whose spirit and universality can be seen
even in the present-day.
The Modernist movement arises relatively fast with
little delay, even in our own environment. This very
movement, we can freely say after its long-lasting struggle
with traditional and neo-classical comprehension and
practice arround us, was considered as the leading trend in
architecture, when in the fourth decade of the 20th century,
it became dominant even in the Serbian architectural scene,
especially in the three largest Serbian cities: Belgrade, Novi
Sad and Nis.
The city of Nis, in its own long-lasting existance did
not have dynamic, quantitative and qualitative development
of architecture and civil engineering, just as this was the
case in between the two World wars. Due to the fact that
the new county-center of the newly formed state, which
had agile and city-devoted employees during this period,
Nis is developing in an intensive and planned manner,
evolving from the existance of a small-town into a modern
city - the county-center (Banovina) with all its cultural,
artistic, administrative, and touristic features.

238

This very, shall we say Between-War Modernist

Period in Nis, can be, as far as the architectural and civil
engineering opus is concerned, divided into two parts. The
first up to 1930, with folk and eclectic arhitecture, and
the second up to World War II, with mainly dominant
modernism as overly-projected and included in surrounding
structures.
The Modernist movement slowly expands into Nis,
primarily through individual family houses and aristocratic
villas in combination with other styles, and secondarily
through more compact and multi-household objects, so that
it may in the beginning of the above-mentioned period
be applied in the building of residence-housing, business
premises and other public structures.
The Nis-Modernist architecture, was always under the
strong impact of previous styles and traditionalist ways of
civil engineering, as well as the limited possibilities of the
architectural design of those times, which required that the
majority of the objects be projected in the more classicalfunctional scheme, with a slight traditional constructivesystem and narrow diagonal non-linear roof-shapes.
This inherited way of object-disposition, which most
frequently was applied in the construction of residencehousing, was limited by restrictions in reference to the
architectural-design of that period, its technological and
professional possibilities, which was solely applied by the
constructive system, which limited the projectors to solve
the functions of the objects themselves in a more free
and lasting manner. With the development of technically
technical prossibilities and the acceptance of new materials
such as reinforced concrete, leads to alterations even in the
projection of objects in the later period, especially when
it comes to objects of public-character. The Projectors,
which belonged to the Modernist-movement within Nis,
achieved their highest accomplishments in the shapings of
facades and a bulk of other objects, and the includement
and interpolation of new objects in the pre-existent urban
city-structure. Architects continue to include their objects in
the surrounding existing condition pre-existent, hoping to
improve the surrounding space with their objects, without
any pretensions that their creation is dominant within
that very space. Therefore we can deem that the biggest
contribution of the Modernist movement in Nis, in other
words the contribution of its actor-architects, is reflected
in the shaping of objects and the admiration of the inherited
urban matrix, or in other words contextuality.

239

240

1.

(1931-1941)

2.

., 100 (1918-1990) 3, .22

3.

.,
(1897-1971),. 8

4.

., 100 (1918-1990) 3, .23

5.

. , , .13

22. ,

6.

.,
(1897-1971),. 6

24. ,

7.

.,
(1897-1971),. 9

25. . ,

8.

.,
, , 2004., .18

27. , .14-33

9.

., .,
,
8, . 60-71

10. ., .,
,
8, . 60-71
11. . , ,
12. ,
13. .,
14.

15. . 156-157(1976).
. 116-128
16. .,
17. .,

18. ,
19. ., , . 79-84
20. .,
21. .,
23. ., 1

26. . ,
28. ., .,
,
8, 60-71
29. ., .,
,
8, 60-71
30. ., .,
,
8, 60-71
31. ., .,
,
8, 60-71

241

1.

; \
, 2000.

2.

, ;
, , 1996.

3.

Le Corbusier;
, 1996.

4.

. ; 2

, , 1999.

5.

Kenet Frmpton;

, 2004.

6.

;
, ,1996.

7.

; |

, 1998.

8.

, 2001.

9.

, ;
, , ,
, 1995.

10. Ljiljana Blagojevic; MODERNISM IN SERBIA The exclusive

Margins of Belgrade Architecture
Massachusets Institute of Technology London, London 2003.

242

11. , ;
, ,
1998.
12. ;

,
, , 1996.
13. ;

,
, , 1996.
14. ; I
, ,

15. ; II

,
16. a;

, , 1974.
17. ;
1920-1941.
, , 2000.
18. ;
, , 2001.
19. ;
,
, 2005.
20. ;

, , 2002.

243

21. ; ,
, , 1998.
22. , ;
8, . 61-71,
,
, 2001.
23. Herbert Bayer; Walter Gropius, Ise Gropius; BAUHAUS 1919
1928
Martin Stark & Warburg Limited England, London, 1975.
24. August Sarnitz; ADOLF LOOS
Taschen, Keln, 2003
25. . : , , 1996.
26. . , . : ,
, 2002.
27. . , . : - , 2003.
28. . : , , 1972.
29. . : , , 1993.
30. , ,
1970.
31. ; 100
(1918-1990) 3,
, , 2006
32. : ,
1996.
33. . . : ,
, 1997.

244

34. - 1, , 1995.
35. . : 100 , 2003.
36. ;
37.
- - 1931-1941
38. , 1996.
39. : New housing in Vienna, Wien, 1986.
40. , , 1951.
41. , ,
1996.
42. , Niwebia
2005.
43. . 24
, ,
, , 2001.
44. . 156-7 1976.., , .
116-128. .200-203 1987.
45. . 8 2001..
, . 60-71 79-84
46. 14-33, 2002.-2005..
47. . 18/ 2005. , . 23-26
48. . 2/1983. . 4/1983.,

245

2002. - 2006.. :
:
3, 4, 6,7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22,
23, 24, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 43, 47, 48, 49,
54, 56, 57, 58, 58, 60, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 73,
79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 99, 99, 100,
101, 102, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110.
:
1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13,13,
14, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23, 24, 25.

- .
- .
- . .
Ljiljana Blagojevic; MODERNISM IN SERBIA
: 100
(1918-1990)
3
, :

:
, , , , , .
,
, ,
.
, , ,
,
. ,
.
,
, .
, : -

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.
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.

1937.. . ( 246

) (
) 1951.. (15).
:
:
- , 1932.-1940.
1. 1937.. .

:
10, 10, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 22, 22, 24,
25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32,
36, 36, 39, 39, 40, 40, 41, 41, 42, 42, 42, 43, 43, 44, 44,
45, 45, 46, 46, 47, 47, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 55,
55, 58, 58, 61, 61, 63, 63, 64, 64, 66, 66, 67, 68, 69, 69,
70, 70, 71, 71, 72, 72, 73, 73, 74, 74, 75, 75, 75, 76, 76,
76, 77, 77, 77, 78, 78, 79, 79, 81, 81, 81, 82, 82, 83, 83,
84, 84, 87, 87, 88, 88, 88, 88, 89, 89, 90, 90, 91, 94, 94,
94, 94, 95, 95, 95, 95, 96, 96, 96, 97, 97, 101, 101, 105,
105, 109, 109, 110.
:
16,16,19,20,21,2429,30,30,
. , . . .

:
2, 2, 3, 3, 13, 13, 22, 22, 65, 66, 66, 73, 73, 86, 86,
86, 89, 89, 96, 96, 96, 106, 106.
:
8, 8, 10, 20, 24, 27, 27, 28, 28, 31, 31,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7

.
.



:

.

:
, ,
,
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, .
247

,
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,
,

.. ,

CIP -
,
72(497.11) 1920/1941 (0.034.2)
728(497.11) 1920/1941 (0.034.2)
72. 036(497.11)(0.034.2)
,
[ ] :
1920-1941. /
. - :
, 2006 ( : ) . - 1
(CD-ROM) : , ; 12
cm. - ( )
500. - : . 240. - .
. - : .
242-245.
ISBN 86-909095-0-8
1. ,
) - - 1920-1941 ) - - 1920-1941
COBISS.SR-ID 133083660

248