QHBVMT - Thai Nguyen

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U BAN NHN DN
TNH THI NGUYN
S: 25/2010/Q-UBND
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
Thi Nguyn, ngy 25 thng 8 nm 2010

QUYT NH
V vic ph duyt Quy hoch bo v mi trng
tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020

CH TCH U BAN NHN DN TNH THI NGUYN
Cn c Lut T chc HND v UBND nm 2003;
Cn c Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005;
Cn c Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP;
Cn c Ngh nh s 92/2006/N-CP ngy 07/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v
lp, ph duyt v qun l quy hoch tng th kinh t - x hi;
Cn c Quyt nh s 256/2003/Q-TTg ngy 02/12/2003 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v vic ph duyt Chin lc bo v mi trng quc gia n nm
2010 v nh hng n nm 2020;
Cn c Quyt nh s 153/2004/Q-TTg ngy 17/08/2004 ca Th tng
Chnh ph vic ban hnh nh hng chin lc pht trin bn vng Vit
Nam (Chng trnh ngh s 21 ca Vit Nam);
Cn c Quyt nh s 185/Q-UBND ngy 24 thng 01 nm 2007 ca U
ban nhn dn tnh Thi Nguyn v vic ban hnh n Bo v mi trng
trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho giai on 2007 - 2010 v
nhng nm tip theo trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn;
Cn c Quyt nh s 1190/Q-UBND ngy 2/6/2008 ca UBND tnh
Thi Nguyn v vic ph duyt cng D n quy hoch mi trng tnh
Thi Nguyn n nm 2020;
Theo ngh ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ti T trnh s 1876/TTr-
STNMT ngy 02/8/2010 v vic ngh ph duyt Quy hoach bo v mi
trng tnh Thi Nguyn,
QUYT NH:
iu 1. Ph duyt Quy hoch bo v mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn n
nm 2020 (c Quy hoch km theo), vi nhng ni dung ch yu sau:
1. Quan im:

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- Bo v mi trng l mt trong nhng ni dung c bn pht trin bn
vng, phi c th hin trong chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch v d n pht
trin kinh t - x hi nn quy hoch bo v mi trng phi gn kt hi ha vi
quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh pht trin bn vng.
- Bo v mi trng l trch nhim ca ton x hi, ca cc cp, cc
ngnh, cc t chc, h gia nh v mi cng dn trong tnh, bo v mi trng
mang tnh quc gia, khu vc v ton cu cho nn trong t chc thc hin phi
kt hp gia u t ca nh nc vi huy ng cc ngun lc trong x hi v
tng cng hp tc quc t.
- Bo v mi trng phi trn c s tng cng qun l nh nc, th ch
v php lut i i vi nng cao nhn thc, trch nhim ca mi ngi dn v
ton x hi.
- Bo v mi trng phi c tin hnh thng xuyn, theo nguyn tc
phng nga l chnh, kt hp vi x l nhim, khc phc suy thoi, ci thin
mi trng v bo tn thin nhin; hot ng bo v mi trng phi tin hnh
c trng tm, trng im, vi khoa hc cng ngh l cng c hu hiu trong
bo v mi trng.
2. Mc tiu:
2.1. Mc tiu tng qut:
Ngn nga, hn ch mc gia tng nhim mi trng; bo v v gii
quyt c bn tnh trng suy thoi mi trng ti cc khu cng nghip, cm
cng nghip, khu th, khu du lch, khu khai khong, cc c s sn xut kinh
doanh, cc c s chn nui. Nng cao kh nng phng trnh v hn ch tc
ng xu ca thin tai, s bin ng kh hu bt li i vi mi trng; ng
cu v khc phc c hiu qu s c nhim mi trng do thin tai gy ra.
Khai thc v s dng hp l cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, bo tn a dng
sinh hc, duy tr v pht trin mt s khu bo tn, vn quc gia. t vn
bo v mi trng ln hng u trong quy hoch v pht trin th, cc khu
cng nghip, cm cng nghip v ch trng c trng im trong quy hoch v
pht trin nng nghip, nng thn. Thc hin phn vng qun l mi trng
qun l pht trin kinh t - x hi v trin khai cc hot ng bo v mi
trng theo mc tiu pht trin bn vng.
2.2. Mc tiu c th:
- Nng cao mt bc nhn thc, kin thc v phng nga nhim mi
trng ca cc tng lp nhn dn, cc c quan, ng v Nh nc, lc lng
v trang, cc t chc chnh tr-x hi, cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh.
- Hon thnh vic x l cc c s nhim nghim trng theo Quyt nh
s 64/2003/Q-TTg ngy 22/4/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph trc nm
2012 v x l trit cc c s gy nhim mi trng mi pht sinh.

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- Nng cao mt bc vng chc kh nng kim sot nhim ca cc c
s sn xut - kinh doanh, bnh vin, khu dn c, khu cng nghip bng p
dng rng ri, c hiu qu cao cc bin php phng nga v x l nhim, suy
thoi mi trng. C th: 90% cht thi rn th thnh ph Thi Nguyn,
th x Sng Cng; 70% cht thi rn th cc th trn, 100% cht thi rn
cng nghip, cht thi y t, cht thi nguy hi c thu gom, vn chuyn, x l
hp v sinh; 100% cc khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip, 80% cc c s sn
xut ngoi khu cng nghip c trm x l nc thi, 80% cc c s sn xut
cng nghip c h thng x l kh thi t Quy chun, Tiu chun Vit Nam;
100% s bnh vin c trm x l nc thi t Quy chun, Tiu chun Vit
Nam.
- Trc nm 2020 hon thnh c bn vic ci to v nng cp h thng
tiu thot nc ma, nc thi thnh ph Thi Nguyn, th x Sng Cng,
cc th trn cp huyn, cc khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip trn a bn
tnh; xy dng vn hnh cc trm x l nc thi th tp trung t Quy
chun Vit Nam (trc mt cho thnh ph Thi Nguyn, th x Sng Cng).
- Khc phc c hiu qu mc nhim ngun nc sng Cu, sng
Cng, h Ni Cc v cc sng, h khc.
- Gim thiu nhim khng kh v ting n bng cc gii php tng hp
v qun l v cng ngh ph hp i vi cc ngnh cng nghip, giao thng
xy dng.
- Qun l v bo v tt ti nguyn nc cc thy vc sng Cu, sng
Cng, cc sng, cc h khc trn a bn tnh. m bo duy tr lu lng cc
sng, h khng di mc trung bnh hin nay. Khc phc tnh trng xi mn,
st l b sng, sui, h.
- Qun l tt ti nguyn nc ngm (nc di t), khng suy gim
lu lng v cht lng nc ngm. Ngn nga vic st ln t, nhim
ngun nc bng cc bin php qun l khai thc khong sn, khai thc nc
ngm v qun l cht thi.
- m bo khi phc din tch cc vng rng t nhin, tip tc cc
chng trnh trng rng.
- Thc hin tt vic gn kt quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ton tnh
v tng ngnh, lnh vc vi kim sot nhim, bo v mi trng, m bo
pht trin bn vng. Trin khai c hiu qu cc kt qu chnh ca d n, ti
nghin cu khoa hc v mi trng c nghim thu.
- y mnh chng trnh pht trin mng xanh th ni th, nht l
cc khu cn t mng xanh.
- Pht trin phng php canh tc sch (nng nghip hu c), xy dng
nhiu vng chuyn canh rau, ch khng s dng ha cht bo v thc vt, hoc

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ch s dng ha cht bo v thc vt d phn hy c nh nc cho php.
Pht trin rng ri qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM) hn ch s dng ha
cht bo v thc vt. Xy dng v thc hin chng trnh sn xut nng sn
sch v an ton thc phm.
- Tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng ca tnh, ch trng gii php
tng cng nng lc v kim sot nhim v bo v mi trng cho S Ti
nguyn v Mi trng, S Cng thng, Cng an tnh; thnh lp n v qun
l mi trng cp th x, huyn v cc Ban An ton v Mi trng cc doanh
nghip ln. Tng cng phi hp gia cc s, ngnh lin quan ngn nga
nhim mi trng, bo v ti nguyn thin nhin v gia cc n v ny vi
UBND cc huyn thnh, th v cc c quan trung ng trn a bn nhm m
bo cng tc bo v mi trng c hiu qu, to chuyn bin tt trong ci thin
mi trng trn a bn tnh.
3. Cc gii php ch yu thc hin quy hoch.
3.1. Gii php v c ch chnh sch.
Ban hnh cc quy nh v c ch hnh chnh trong qun l nh nc v
ti nguyn v mi trng, c ch phi hp trin khai quy ch dn ch c s
(cc c quan, n v, t chc, c nhn, cng ng lin quan), nht l trong
nhim v thm nh v qun l sau thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi
trng; gim st mi trng hoc cng khai ha cng tc truyn thng, thng
tin trong lnh vc bo v ti nguyn v mi trng.
Xy dng v ban hnh chnh sch chung v nhim v pht trin bn vng
tnh, trong tp trung ch yu cho cc lnh vc chnh l pht trin kinh t, x
hi; khai thc, s dng hp l ti nguyn v bo v mi trng. Ban hnh c
ch, chnh sch khuyn khch, h tr v vn v u i thu i vi cc c s
p dng cng ngh sn xut sch, t cht thi, phn loi, ti ch, ti s dng,
thu gom, x l cht thi v x hi ha cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia qun l
bo v mi trng. Xy dng chnh sch, h tr nghin cu, ng dng khoa
hc k thut cng ngh, tr gi i vi hot ng bo v mi trng.
Xy dng v ban hnh cc quy ch v bo v mi trng cho cc vng
pht trin kinh t x hi v qun l mi trng xc nh theo quy hoch bo v
mi trng tnh n nm 2020.
3.2. Gii php v tuyn truyn, gio dc.
Tip tc y mnh cng tc truyn thng, gio dc nng cao nhn thc v
trch nhim v bo v mi trng n cc cp, cc ngnh, cc t chc on
th, cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh v nhn dn trong tnh, tng bc to thi
quen, np sng v thc v bo v mi trng ca mi ngi dn. Ph bin
rng ri cho nhn dn, cn b cc c quan, ban, ngnh nhng vn mi
trng quan trng ca tnh, cc mc tiu c bn, cc ni dung hot ng cn

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thit bo v mi trng, cc chng trnh trng im bo v mi trng ,
ang v s tin hnh.
Tng cng vai tr ca pht thanh, truyn hnh, bo ch v cc phng
tin truyn thng khc, khuyn khch tham gia mnh m, thit thc trong lnh
vc bo v mi trng. a ni dung bo v mi trng vo hot ng thng
xuyn, m chng mc lut php lin quan n bo v mi trng v ph bin
kin thc bo v mi trng. Huy ng ton th qun chng tham gia bo v
mi trng cng c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng.
Xy dng mng li gio dc mi trng v x hi ha bo v mi
trng gm tt c c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng v cc lnh
vc khc, c s tham gia ca cc lnh vc truyn thng, bo ch, vn ha ngh
thut cng nh cc t chc on th v cc doanh nghip. Phn u n nm
2020, tnh c mt mng li hon chnh v gio dc v truyn thng mi
trng ph hp vi chin lc bo v mi trng v pht trin kinh t x hi
bn vng.
3.3. Gii php v ngun vn.
a dng ha ngun vn v huy ng mi ngun lc u t cho cng tc
bo v mi trng, c th:
- B tr mc chi ring cho s nghip mi trng t ngun chi ngn sch
tnh, m bo hng nm t khng di 1% tng chi ngn sch v tng dn
theo tc pht trin kinh t.
- Ngun vn t thu ph bo v mi trng i vi cht thi, thu ti
nguyn, thu bo v mi trng.
- Ngun vn t ngn sch Trung ng, ngn sch cc b, ngnh.
- Tranh th ti a v s dng c hiu qu cc ngun vn h tr pht trin
chnh thc (ODA) cho lnh vc bo v mi trng.
- Huy ng cc ngun u t t x hi cho cng tc bo v mi trng
nh xy dng h thng thot nc, x l nc thi ti cc th, thu gom v
x l cht thi rn.
- Gn lin cng tc bo v mi trng trong cc chin lc, k hoch, quy
hoch tng th v chi tit v pht trin kinh t x hi ca tng a phng,
tng ngnh v tng c s sn xut trong tnh.
3.4. Tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng.
R sot, ban hnh cc vn bn hng dn thc hin Lut Bo v mi
trng, cc chng trnh, k hoch nhm trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt s
41-NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr v cc chng trnh hnh ng tng ng ban
hnh ca Chnh ph.

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Tip tc hon thin b my qun l mi trng t cp tnh n cp c s,
ch trng i ng cn b qun l mi trng cp c s. C s phn cng
trch nhim r rng gia cc cp, cc ngnh.
Tng cng o to, tp hun nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nghip v,
qun l v mi trng cho cn b cng chc lm cng tc bo v mi trng.
Tng cng cng tc thanh tra, kim tra, gim st cc quy nh php lut
v p dng cc ch ti cn thit x l nghim cc trng hp vi phm php
lut v bo v mi trng. Tng cng quan trc, d bo din bin cht lng
mi trng, xc nh kp thi cc vn mi trng cp bch ca tnh. Phn
loi cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng, x l nghim cc c s
vi phm tiu chun mi trng.
3.5. Tng cng nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh.
Nghin cu ng dng v chuyn giao cng ngh trong mi trng, cng
ngh sch thn thin vi mi trng, pht trin cng ngh x l v ti ch, ti
s dng cht thi; y mnh ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong bo v mi
trng; xy dng v nhn rng cc m hnh v sn xut sch hn; hnh thnh
v pht trin ngnh cng nghip mi trng, to th trng, thc y doanh
nghip dch v mi trng, pht trin kinh t mi trng.
y mnh v khuyn khch cng tc u t nghin cu su v lnh vc
tn dng v ti ch cht thi, nghin cu ci tin quy trnh cng ngh sn xut
(nht l i vi cc c s c, cng ngh lc hu) tng bc thay i cng ngh
hin i, theo hng gim tiu hao nguyn vt liu, nhin liu, gim lng
cht thi v ri ro.
Nghin cu xy dng lun c khoa hc phc v cng tc hoch nh ch
trng chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc v bo v mi trng trong pht
trin bn vng.
3.6. p dng cc cng c kinh t.
Thc hin nguyn tc gy thit hi i vi mi trng phi khc phc bi
thng. Thc hin vic thu ph, k qu bo v mi trng, buc bi thng
thit hi v mi trng.
p dng cc chnh sch c ch h tr vn, khuyn khch v thu, tr gi
i vi hot ng bo v mi trng.
Khuyn khch p dng cc c ch chuyn nhng, trao i quyn pht
thi v trch nhim x l cht thi ph hp vi c ch th trng.
3.7. Tng cng hp tc khu vc v quc t v bo v mi trng.
y mnh cng tc pht trin vi cc tnh nhm tn dng kinh nghim,
khoa hc k thut cho pht trin kinh t v bo v mi trng, ng thi thu
ht ngun vn t cc nh u t. Tch cc tham gia cc cuc hi tho, din n

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v pht trin bn vng, tham quan hc tp kinh nghim t cc tnh c nn khoa
hc pht trin cng nh tip thu thm kin thc cho qu trnh pht trin bn
vng ti tnh.
Tng cng hp tc quc t vi cc nc, cc t chc phi chnh ph ca
quc t. Xy dng cc d n nghin cu khoa hc c s u t ca t chc
trong nc v quc t nh UNDP, WB, WHO, ... v bo v mi trng, bo v
a dng sinh hc, ... M rng quan h hp tc quc t hc hi, tn dng cc
kinh nghim, s tr gip ca bn b quc t trong s nghip bo v mi trng
trn a bn tnh.
4. Cc chng trnh, d n u tin.
- Chng trnh 1: Nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng v kim sot
nhim.
- Chng trnh 2: Qun l mi trng th.
- Chng trnh 3: Qun l mi trng cng nghip.
- Chng trnh 4: Qun l mi trng nng nghip, nng thn v a dng
sinh hc.
- Chng trnh 5: Bo v ti nguyn nc tnh Thi Nguyn.
- Chng trnh 6: Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Cu.
- Chng trnh 7: Thc hin K hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i
kh hu.
- Chng trnh 8: Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng v tham gia ca
cng ng trong bo v mi trng
Trong mi chng trnh, c cc nhim v/d n c xy dng v trin
khai thc hin. Chi tit cc nhim v/d n trong mi chng trnh c th
hin trong bn Quy hoch bo v mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020.
iu 2. T chc thc hin:
1. Giao S Ti nguyn v Mi trng t chc cng b Quy hoch bo v
mi trng c ph duyt n cc cp, cc ngnh, cc huyn, thnh ph, th
x, cc thnh phn kinh t v nhn dn trong tnh bit trin khai thc hin;
ch tr, phi hp vi cc s, ban, ngnh, on th cp tnh v y ban nhn dn
cc huyn, thnh ph, th x trin khai thc hin Quy hoch bo v mi trng
tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020.
2. Cc s, ban, ngnh, on th cp tnh v y ban nhn dn cc huyn,
thnh ph, th x trong phm vi chc nng, nhim v, c trch nhim phi hp
vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng trin khai thc hin Quy hoch bo v mi
trng ng b vi quy hoch ngnh, lnh th trn a bn tnh.
iu 3. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy k. Chnh vn

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phng UBND tnh, Gim c S Ti nguyn v mi trng, Gim c S K
hoch v u t, Gim c S Ti chnh, th trng cc S, ban, ngnh, Ch
tch UBND cc huyn, thnh ph Thi Nguyn, th x Sng Cng v cc n
v, t chc, c nhn lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny./.

Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3;
- B TN&MT;
- Thng t rc Tnh u;
- Thng t rc HND t nh;
- /c Ch t ch, cc /c PCT;
- Trung t m Thng t in t nh;
- LVP: /c Linh;
- Lu: VT, TH2.
TgQ163, 10/8, 40b
TM. U BAN NHN DN TNH
KT. CH TCH
PH CH TCH

( k)

ng Vit Thun

Quy hoch Bo v mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020

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PHN M U.
S CN THIT CA QUY HOCH BO V MI TRNG
TNH THI NGUYN N NM 2020.
Trong 10 nm gn y, kinh t tnh Thi Nguyn t tc pht trin cao
(tng GDP tng 8-14%/nm), c bit l cc ngnh cng nghip, dch v c tc
tng trng nhanh. Theo quy hoch pht trin t nay n 2020 tc tng
trng GDP ca Thi Nguyn n 11-13%/nm, cao hn mc tng trung bnh
ca c nc (8-9%/nm).
Vi tim nng ln v ti nguyn thin nhin v ngun nhn lc, Thi
Nguyn c iu kin thun li cho pht trin bn vng, gn kt tng trng
kinh t, bo v mi trng v m bo an sinh x hi.
Tuy nhin v nhiu nguyn nhn, qu trnh pht trin cng nghip, khai
thc khong sn, th, nng nghip, dch v v gia tng dn s Thi Nguyn
trong thi gian qua gy nh hng xu n mi trng v ti nguyn, dn ti
tc ng xu n nhiu lnh vc Kinh t - X hi.
Vic suy gim cht lng mi trng t, nc, khng kh; suy gim ti
nguyn sinh hc, ti nguyn t ai, khong sn, ti nguyn nc ang v s gy
tc ng trc tip n i sng nhn dn, iu kin pht trin kinh t ca cc
huyn, thnh ph, th x v cc ngnh, lnh vc. Cc tc ng ny s nghim
trng hn trong giai on t nay n nm 2020 khi tc tng trng kinh t
ca tnh cn cao hn giai on trc.
Da theo Quy hoch Tng th Pht trin KT-XH tnh Thi Nguyn n
nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s
58/2007/Q-TTg ngy 04/5/2007 v quy hoch chuyn ngnh v pht trin
cng nghip, th, giao thng, nng lm nghip trn a bn tnh kt hp c
im mi trng t nhin, s b xc nh cc thnh phn mi trng v cc
vng sau y c th b tc ng xu nu khng c cc bin php bo v c hiu
qu.
Mi trng nc mt, nht l sng Cu, sng Cng, h Ni Cc c th b
nhim ngy cng nng do cht thi cng nghip, th, cht thi t cc khu
vc khai thc khong sn v sn xut nng nghip trong lu vc.
Mi trng khng kh cc TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng, khu vc
trung quanh cc khu cng nghip (KCN), cc th trn ven cc quc l s b
nhim ngy cng nng do kh thi cng nghip v giao thng.

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Nc ngm nhiu khu vc trong tnh c th b suy gim v nhim do
gia tng khai thc v tc ng ca khai thc khong sn v cht thi cng
nghip, cht thi sinh hot.
Ti nguyn rng v cc h sinh thi t nhin cc huyn i T, nh
Ha, Ph Lng, V Nhai, ng H ... s ngy cng suy gim do gia tng khai
thc khong sn, m rng t sn xut v khai thc rng.
Cc vn trn ang v s l thch thc cho pht trin bn vng ca tnh
trong giai on ti.
thc hin Ngh quyt 41 ca B Chnh tr v bo v mi trng
(BVMT) trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ha - hin i ha (CNH - HH)
t nc, thc hin Lut (BVMT), Chin lc BVMT quc gia trong cc nm
qua Tnh y, Hi ng Nhn dn (HND), y ban Nhn dn (UBND) tnh Thi
Nguyn ban hnh nhiu ngh quyt, quy nh v kim sot nhim, bo v
mi trng. S Ti nguyn v Mi trng (TN&MT) t nhiu kt qu tt
trong qun l, quan trc mi trng; cc S Cng thng, S Xy dng, S
Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn (NN-PTNT), Cng an tnh v S Vn ha-
Th thao v Du lch trin khai nhiu hot ng BVMT trong tng lnh vc.
Gn y Chnh ph thnh lp y ban Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Cu
v ph duyt n tng th bo v v pht trin bn vng mi trng sinh thi,
cnh quan lu vc sng Cu. y l th ch gp phn BVMT- PTBV tnh Thi
Nguyn ni ring v cc tnh trong lu vc sng Cu ni chung.
Cc hot ng trn gp phn tch cc vo vic ngn nga nhim mi
trng, suy thoi mi trng v bo v ti nguyn trn a bn tnh. Tuy nhin
theo tng trng nhanh v cng nghip ha, th ha, gia tng dn s sc
p n mi trng v ti nguyn Thi Nguyn s ngy cng ln. Do vy vic
tm ra cch tip cn mi c hiu qu cao hn trong qun l mi trng, s dng
hp l ti nguyn bo v cc thnh phn mi trng m bo pht trin bn
vng (PTBV) l mt yu cu cp bch i vi tnh. Quy hoch bo v mi
trng l bin php v cng c hu hiu i vi BVMT PTBV trn a bn
tnh Thi Nguyn. Quy hoch bo v mi trng s l mt cch tip cn quan
trng t cc mc tiu:
(i) Phng nga v kim sot nhim.
(ii) Bo v v khai thc bn vng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin.
(iii) Bo v v ci thin mi trng cc khu vc trng im v cng nghip,
khai thc khong sn, nng nghip, th.
(iv) Bo tn thin nhin v a dng sinh hc.

3
Vi cc l do trn, vic xy dng, ban hnh v trin khai thc hin Quy
hoch BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 l ht sc cn thit nhm gim
thiu bin ng xu v mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin Quy
hoch tng th pht trin KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 v a ra
nh hng gn kt quy hoch tng th v bo v mi trng trong cc quy
hoch pht trin cc lnh vc th, giao thng, nng nghip, cng nghip, du
lch trn a bn tnh.


4
CHNG MT.
IU KIN T NHIN, KINH T - X HI V MI TRNG
TNH THI NGUYN
1.1. IU KIN T NHIN
1.1.1. V tr a l
Thi Nguyn l tnh c din tch 3541,5 km
2
nm vng Trung du -
Min ni (TD-MN) Bc B, trong lu vc sng Cu, gip tnh Bc Kn v pha
Bc, tnh Lng Sn v pha ng Bc, tnh Bc Giang v pha ng, tnh Tuyn
Quang v pha Ty Bc, tnh Vnh Phc v pha Ty v Thnh ph H Ni v
pha Nam.

Hnh 2.1. V tr tnh Thi Nguyn trong vng ng Bc
1.1.2. a hnh
a hnh Thi Nguyn t b chia ct hn so vi cc tnh min ni khc
trong vng Trung du - Min ni (TD-MN) Bc B. cao trung bnh cc
huyn ca tnh dao ng t 30m n 300m (trn mc nc bin); thp dn t
Bc xung Nam v t Ty sang ng. Cc dy ni cao gm dy ni Bc Sn v
Tam o. nh cao nht thuc dy Tam o c cao 1.592 m.
V kiu a hnh a mo: c chia thnh 3 vng r rt:
Vng ni: bao gm nhiu dy ni cao pha Bc chy theo hng Bc
Nam v Ty Bc - ng Nam v dy Tam o ko di theo hng Ty Bc -


5
ng Nam. Vng ny tp trung huyn V Nhai, i T, nh Ha v mt
phn ca huyn Ph Lng. a hnh cao, chia ct phc tp do qu trnh Karst
pht trin mnh, c cao t 500 - 1.000 m, dc thng 25
0
- 35
0
.
Vng i cao, ni thp: l vng chuyn tip gia vng ni cao pha Bc
v vng i g ng bng pha Nam thuc i T, Nam Ph Lng v ng
H. a hnh gm cc dy ni thp an cho vi cc di i cao to thnh cc
bc thm ln v nhiu thung lng. cao trung bnh t 100 - 300 m, dc
thp thng t 15
0
- 25
0
.
Vng i g: bao gm vng i thp v ng bng pha Nam ca tnh.
a hnh tng i bng, xen gia cc i bt p dc thoi l cc khu t bng.
Vng ny tp trung huyn Ph Bnh, Ph Yn, mt phn cc huyn ng H,
Ph Lng v TX Sng Cng, TP Thi Nguyn c cao trung bnh t 30 - 50
m, dc thng di 10
0
.
1.1.3. a cht
Trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn c 35 h tng, phc h a cht vi nhiu
loi khc nhau. Cc h tng ny phn ln c dng tuyn v phn b theo
nhiu hng khc nhau. Phn ln cc h tng nm pha Bc ca tnh c hng
thin v ng Bc - Ty Nam, trong khi cc h tng pha Nam ca tnh li
thin v hng Ty Bc - ng Nam. Cc h tng c cha vi (cc h tng
ng ng, Bc Sn) tp trung ch yu vng ng Bc ca Tnh, khng
thnh khi lin tc m xen k vi cc tng khc nhau nh: Sng Hin, Lng
Sn, Bc Bun...
Vng Ty Bc ca Tnh (huyn nh Ho) c h tng Ph Ng, chim t
l din tch ln vi cc loi ph bin l phin st, st, st silic, ct bt kt...
Chim din tch ln vng pha Nam l cc h tng Tam o, h tng N
Khut, h tng H Ci vi nhiu loi khc nhau.
1.1.4. Khong sn
Thi Nguyn nm trong vng sinh khong ng Bc Vit Nam, thuc
vnh ai sinh khong Thi Bnh Dng. Trn a bn tnh pht hin 177 im
qung v m khong sn vi hn 30 loi hnh khong sn khc nhau phn b tp
trung cc huyn i T, Ph Lng, ng H, V Nhai... Ti nguyn khong
sn ca tnh Thi Nguyn c th chia thnh bn nhm: (1) Nhm nhin liu
chy (than); (2) Nhm kim loi (st, ch, km, wolfram, thic,); (3) Nhm phi
kim loi (caolanh, t st, ..); (4) Nhm vt liu xy dng ( vi, ct , si).
1.1.5. Ti nguyn t
Tng din tch t t nhin ca tnh l 354.150,15 ha, ti y c 5 nhm
chnh: (1) t xm ferrolit; (2) t xm c tng loang l; (3) t ph sa chua;
(4) t nu ; (5) Ni .

6
Do a hnh c dc cao, tng ph thc vt gim, cng l lt gia
tng, t ai Thi Nguyn b xi mn mnh.
1.1.6. c im kh hu
Kh hu ca tnh Thi Nguyn chia lm 4 ma trong ma ng v ma
H l 2 ma ch o, ma Xun v ma Thu l cc ma chuyn tip. Ma ng
gi c hng ch o l Bc v ng Bc, ma H gi ch o l Nam v ng
Nam. Lng ma trn ton khu vc c phn b theo 2 ma, ma ma t thng
V n thng X v ma kh t thng XI n thng IV nm sau.
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm Thi Nguyn khong 1.500 - 2.500
mm, cao nht vo thng VIII v thp nht vo thng I. Nhit trung bnh chnh
lch gia thng nng nht (28,9
0
C- thng VI) vi thng lnh nht 15,2
0
C- thng I)
l 13,7
0
C. Tng s gi nng trong nm dao ng t 1.300-1.750 gi v phn phi
tng i u cho cc thng trong nm. Tng tch nhit vt 7.500
0
C, thi k
lnh (nhit trung bnh thng di 18
0
C) ch trong 3 thng.
Tuy nm vng ng Bc, nhng do c cc dy ni cao pha Bc v
ng Bc che chn gi ma ng Bc, nn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn t chu
nh hng ln ca gi ma ng Bc so vi cc tnh khc thuc vng ni ng
Bc. Mt khc do s chi phi ca a hnh thp dn t Bc xung Nam nn
trong ma ng kh hu ca Thi Nguyn c chia thnh 3 tiu vng r rt:
Vng lnh nhiu nm pha Bc huyn V Nhai.
Vng lnh va gm cc huyn nh Ho, Ph Lng, v cc x Nam V
Nhai.
Vng m gm cc huyn i T, ng H, Ph Yn, Ph Bnh, TX Sng
Cng v TP Thi Nguyn.
1.1.7. Ti nguyn nc
Ti nguyn nc mt
Thi Nguyn l mt tnh c mng li sng sui kh dy c, mt
sng sui bnh qun 1,2 km/km
2
. Trong c 2 con sng ln l sng Cu v
sng Cng cng rt nhiu h thng sng ngi nh khc.
- Sng Cu
Sng Cu nm trong h thng sng Thi Bnh c din tch lu vc 6.030
km
2
bt ngun t huyn Ch n (Bc Kn) chy theo hng ng Bc - Ty
Nam. Tng lng nc sng Cu khong 4,5 t m
3
, chiu di khong 290 km,
cao bnh qun lu vc: 190 m, dc bnh qun 16,1%, chiu rng lu vc
trung bnh: 31 km, mt li sng 0,95 km/km, h s un khc 2,02 v lu
lng trung bnh 153 m/s

7
H thng thu nng ca con sng ny c kh nng ti cho 24 nghn ha
la hai v ca huyn Ph Bnh v cc huyn Hip Ho, Tn Yn ca tnh Bc
Giang.
- Sng Cng
Sng Cng l ph lu cp I ca sng Cu. Sng Cng c din tch lu vc
951 km
2
bt ngun t vng ni Ba L huyn nh Ho chy dc theo chn ni
Tam o, nm trong vng ma ln nht ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
Ton b chiu di ca sng Cng u nm trn trn a phn tnh Thi
Nguyn. Dng sng c ngn li i T to thnh h Ni Cc c mt
nc rng khong 25 km
2
vi sc cha ln ti 175 triu m
3
nc. H ny c th
ch ng iu ho dng chy, ch ng ti tiu cho 12 nghn ha la hai v
mu, cy cng nghip v cung cp nc sinh hot cho TP Thi Nguyn v TX
Sng Cng.
Sng Cng chy theo hng Ty Bc ng Nam v nhp vo sng Cu
ti Hng Ninh - Hp Thnh - Bc Giang. Lu vc sng Cng c cao trung
bnh 224m, dc 27,3% rt cao so vi cc sng khc.
Tng lng nc sng Cng vo khong 794.10
6
m
3
, lu lng trung bnh
nm 25m
3
/s v modul dng chy nm vo khong 26l/s.km
2
.
- Sng u
Bt ngun t vng Lng Can cao 275m, sng u chy theo hng
Ty Bc ng Nam v nhp vo sng Cu Sn Cm - Ph Lng - Thi
Nguyn.
Sng u chy ch yu trong vng trung du l chnh, cao trung bnh
ca lu vc l 129m, dc 13.3%.
Tng lng nc sng u khong 264.10
6
m
3
, lu lng trung bnh l
8.37m
3
/s.
- Sng Ch Chu
Sng Chu bt ngun t x Bo Linh huyn nh Ho chy theo hng
Ty Bc - ng Nam n nh Thng chuyn hng Ty Nam - ng Bc sang
a phn Bc Kn qua Tn Dng li chuyn hng Ty Bc ng Nam hp
lu vi sng Cu huyn Ch Mi. Din tch lu vc sng Chu khong 437km
2

cao trung bnh ca lu vc 206m, dc 16,2%.
- Sng Nghinh Tng
Sng Nghinh Tng bt ngun t cao 550m ti pha Ty huyn Bc
Sn (Lng Sn), chy theo hng ng Bc - Ty Nam n x Cc ng
huyn V Nhai, chuyn hng ng Nam Ty Bc v hp lu vi sng Cu.

8
Con sng ny di 46km, cao trung bnh 290m, dc 12.9%, mt li
sng 1.05km/km
2
, din tch lu vc 465km
2
.
Ngoi ra, tnh Thi Nguyn cn nhiu sng nh khc thuc h thng sng
K Cng v h thng sng L. Theo nh gi ca cc c quan chuyn mn th
trn cc con sng nhnh chy trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn c tim nng thu
in kt hp vi thu li quy m nh.
- Cc h cha nc
Thi Nguyn c gn 5000 ha h ao, trong , c gn 200 h nhn to do
p p ngn dng chy, ly nc lm thu li phc v cho sn xut nng
nghip. H Ni Cc trn sng Cng l h ln v quan trng nht trn a bn
tnh. H c din tch mt nc rng khong 25 km
2
, c sc cha ti tiu
cho hng nghn ha t nng nghip v chia s mt phn nc cho sng Cu.
Nhn chung, ti nguyn nc mt ca tnh Thi Nguyn tng i thun
li v cc mt c th pht trin mt h sinh thi a dng v bn vng, thun
li cho pht trin cc ngnh nng, lm nghip ni chung. Tuy vy, vo ma ma
vi lng ma tp trung ln thng xy ra tai bin v st l, trt t, l qut
mt s trin i ni v l lt khu vc dc theo lu vc sng Cu v sng
Cng.
Ti nguyn nc ngm
Theo cc ti liu kho st a cht thu vn (CTV) v tm kim thm d
trn a phn tnh Thi Nguyn, nc di t tn ti di dng l hng cc
trm tch t (Q) v phc h cha nc khe nt.
Nc l hng
Phn b ven sng Cu, sng Cng ch yu phn Nam ca tnh gm huyn
Ph Yn v Ph Bnh. Phn trn ch yu l cc thnh phn ht mn, kh nng
cha nc km b dy 4 5 m, ven cc sng nh 15 20m. Phn di l ct,
cui, si kh nng cha nc tt hn, b dy 4 5 m c khi 10 15 m. Ven cc
sng tng nc ny c quan h thu lc vi nc sng. Nc trong tng nht
thuc loi trung tnh c th dng lm ngun cp nc cho dn sinh, cho cng
nghip. Tuy nhin, hm lng st cao (1 - 5 mg/L) cn phi c x l.
Phc h cha nc khe nt
Nc khe nt v khe nt cast: chim 70% din tch ton tnh. Cc thnh
to ccbonat c mc cha nc tt, cng cao, nhiu mch l c lu lng
rt ln nh H Mt Rng lu lng vi trm l/s. Nc khe nt u nht thuc
loi nc trung tnh c th lm ngun cp nc. iu kin v ngun nc Thi
Nguyn tng i thun li cho khai thc nc ngm, nhn chung cht lng

9
tt, c tr lng nc ngm kh ln, khong 3 t m
3
, m bo phc v cho yu
cu sinh hot ca nhn dn.
1.1.8. Ti nguyn rng v cc h sinh thi cn
Ti nguyn rng
Thi Nguyn c trn 165,13 nghn ha t lm nghip (chim 46,62 % din
tch t nhin ca tnh), trong din tch t rng t nhin khong 104,8 nghn
ha, rng trng c trn 60 nghn ha. Trong tng din tch rng, rng phng h c
gn 55,6 nghn ha, rng c dng 28,1 nghn ha v rng kinh t 81,4 nghn ha.
Tng din tch t cha s dng c 49.049 ha (phn ln l din tch rng t
nhin b tn ph), trong s ny c trn 39 nghn ha c kh nng phc v mc
ch lm nghip.
T nhng ti liu lch s v cc du tch cn li, c th thy phn ln din
tch i ni ca Thi Nguyn trc y l nhng thm rng dy. Sau nhng nm
chin tranh v do khai thc s dng khng hp l, lp ph thc vt ca Thi
Nguyn suy gim c v din tch v sinh khi. iu ny gy nh hng xu
n ti nguyn sinh vt, suy thoi mi trng v tc ng tiu cc n kh nng
pht trin KT - XH ca tnh. Trong vng 10 nm nay vi hiu qu ca cc
chng trnh phc hi rng, din tch rng Thi Nguyn tng ng k so vi
cc nm 1980. Tuy nhin phn ln thc vt rng mi trng l cc loi cy keo,
bch n, thng t c gi tr v a dng sinh hc.
Ti nguyn ng vt trn cn
Theo mt s ti liu trc nm 1960, h ng vt ca tnh c 432 loi
thuc 91 h, 28 b ca 04 lp ng vt. C nhiu loi ng vt qu him c tn
trong Sch Vit Nam nh kh mt , kh mc, kh ui ln, gu nga, voc
en, hu x, bo la... Tuy nhin theo thi gian, cng vi cc hot ng sn
bt, ph rng, ng vt hoang d v ang c nhng suy gim ln v s lng,
s loi. H, bo, gu, voc gn nh khng cn, heo rng, kh, chim rng v cc
loi b st ln (k nhng, tc k, k ) cn li khng ng k.
Mt rng ng ngha vi vic mt iu kin sng t nhin ca cc loi
ng vt hoang d. S suy gim a dng sinh hc th hin r s tuyt chng
mt s loi, suy gim c th nhiu loi khc, trong c nhiu loi qu him.
1.1.9. Ti nguyn thu sinh v h sinh thi nc
Tim nng din tch c kh nng nui trng thy sn ton tnh c 6.925
ha mt nc, trong 2.285 ha ao, 1.140 ha h cha va v nh, 2.500 ha h
cha ln, 1.000 ha rung la c kh nng nui c kt hp, khong 12.000 ha
din tch sng sui c kh nng nui trng v khai thc thy sn t nhin.

10
Kt qu thng k v kho st xc nh c 96 loi thuc 7 h v 5 b
(bao gm c c nui v c t nhin). Trong b c chp (Cypriniformes) c s
loi chim nhiu nht (58 loi).
1.1.10. Cc khu bo tn thin nhin
Hin nay, trong danh mc cc khu bo tn thin nhin (BTTN) do B
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn qun l trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn
ngoi Vn Quc gia Tam o (bao gm mt s x, huyn ca tnh Vnh Phc,
Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang) khng c vn quc gia, khu BTTN, khu d tr
sinh quyn no khc mc d y l tnh c din tch rng v che ph rng
ln.
1.1.11. Ti nguyn du lch
Thi Nguyn c nhiu danh lam, thng cnh t nhin v nhn to nh h
Ni Cc, hang Phng Hong, ni Vn, ni V; cc bo tng vn ho, lch s v
cc di tch kin trc ngh thut nh, n, cha, hang ng nh nh Phng ,
hang Thn Sa, n th i Cn, ATK nh Ho.
1.2. HIN TRNG KINH T- X HI
S dn ca tnh l trn 1,12 triu ngi (2009) trong ph n chim
50,29%. Trn a bn tnh c 8 dn tc anh em cng sinh sng t lu i, trong
dn tc Kinh chim 75,5%, dn tc Ty: 10,7%; dn tc Nng: 5,1% v cc
dn tc khc: Sn Du, Dao, Cao Lan, HMng, Hoa.
Thi Nguyn l trung tm Kinh t - vn ha, Khoa hc - Cng ngh ca
vng TD-MN Bc B v l ca ng giao lu KT-XH gia vng TD-MN Bc B
v vng ng Bng Bc B. Thi Nguyn l trung tm cng nghip quan trng
ca c nc, c bit l cng nghip luyn kim, c kh, khai thc ch bin
khong sn. Thi Nguyn cng l tnh c din tch canh tc nng nghip ln
nht vng TD-MN Bc B vi nhiu loi nng phm phc v nhu cu trong
nc v xut khu trong ch l c sn ca c nc.
Tnh Thi Nguyn l trung tm o to i hc ln th 3 c nc v s
lng cc trng i hc vi ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph, truyn thng
vn ha cho nn nhn lc tnh Thi Nguyn c iu kin pht trin
thnh tnh c nn kinh t pht trin.
Trong cc nm gn y c cu kinh t theo ngnh ca Thi Nguyn c
s chuyn dch ng hng vi s gia tng nhanh ca cc ngnh cng nghip v
dch v, nng nghip hng ho m tnh c li th pht trin (nh cng ngh khai
thc, ch bin, thng mi, du lch - khch sn - nh hng, sn xut sn phm
cy cng nghip). Ngnh cng nghip - xy dng c u t nhiu nht trong
nhng nm qua v cho ti nay vn l nghnh ng gp ln nht cho GDP ca

11
tnh: 38,50% nm 2004, 38,71% nm 2005, 38,76% nm 2006, 39,55% nm
2007 v 40,55% nm 2009. T trng ca ngnh dch v tnh trong GDP nm
2004 l 34,63%, nm 2005 l 35,08%, nm 2006 l 36,52%, nm 2007 l
36,20% v nm 2009 l 37,00%. Phn ng gp ca ngnh nng - lm - thu
sn cho GDP ton tnh gim nhanh qua cc nm (mc d vn tng ln v gi tr
tuyt i), ph hp vi ng li chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng cng
nghip ho, hin i ho ca tnh, t trng ca ngnh gim t 26,87% nm 2004,
26,21% nm 2005, 24,72% nm 2006, 24,25% nm 2007 v 23,55% nm 2009.
Tuy vy, Thi Nguyn vn l tnh ngho: GDP/u ngi trung bnh ca
tnh l 14,6 triu ng, thp hn trung bnh c nc l 19,1 triu ng. Mt s
b phn dn chng, nht l vng ng bo dn tc cc huyn vng su cn c
mc sng thp, t l s h ngho trong tnh cn cao, chim 13,99%.
1.3. QUY HOCH PHT TRIN KT-XH N NM 2020
xy dng Thi Nguyn thnh trung tm kinh t ca khu vc v nhanh
chng thu hp khong cch pht trin vi c nc, Quy hoch tng th pht trin
KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 c ph duyt ti quyt nh s
58/2007/Q - TTg ngy 04/5/2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph a ra cc mc
tiu pht trin di y:
1.3.1. Quan im pht trin
Cn c vo quy hoch pht trin KT-XH c nc, ca vng Trung du v
min ni Bc B, cn c Ngh quyt s 37 NQ/TW ca B Chnh tr v ngh
quyt ca ng b tnh, xut pht t tnh hnh trong nc v quc t, t cc tim
nng, li th, hn ch v thc trng pht trin KT-XH ca tnh trong nhng nm
qua, c th xc nh cc quan im c bn pht trin KT-XH n 2010 v tm
nhn n 2020 nh sau:
1. Pht trin kinh t - x hi Thi Nguyn trong th ch ng hi nhp v
cnh tranh quc t, trong qu trnh i mi ton din ca t nc; trong s
hp tc cht ch vi cc a phng trong c nc, c bit l cc a
phng trong vng TD-MN Bc B v vng KTT Bc B. m bo thu
hp dn khong cch chnh lch gia Thi Nguyn vi mc trung bnh ca
c nc. Nng cao dn v th ca Thi Nguyn, phn u a Thi Nguyn
tr thnh trung tm kinh t, vn ho ca vng TD-MN Bc B.
2. Pht trin kinh t nhiu thnh phn, gii phng v pht huy mi ngun lc
nhm to ng lc pht trin vi tc nhanh, hiu qu v bn vng. Tng
bc chuyn dch v hin i ho c cu kinh t theo hng: Thc y nhanh
pht trin khu vc dch v, c bit l du lch, thng mi, gio dc, y t, ti
chnh; pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip c li th ti cc khu cm cng
nghip nh cng nghip khai khong, luyn kim, c kh, vt liu xy dng ch

12
bin lng thc, thc phm, lm sn...; xy dng mt nn nng - lm nghip
a dng gn kt vi bo v ti nguyn, bo v mi trng sinh thi.
3. y nhanh tc th ho, pht trin mng li th v im dn c
tp trung kiu th theo hng hin i, gn vi vnh ai nng thn; nng
thn c pht trin theo hng vn minh, bo tn c cc gi tr vn ho
ca cc lng, bn.
4. Pht trin kinh t kt hp cht ch vi pht trin x hi, gn tng trng
kinh t vi cng bng, tin b x hi, bo v mi trng. Nng cao i sng
vt cht, tinh thn ca nhn dn; xo i ngho v cc t nn x hi; gim
dn s chnh lch gia vng nng thn, vng ni cao vi vng th. Pht
trin kinh t gn vi bo v mi trng, cn bng sinh thi. Kt hp ng b
gia pht trin sn xut vi pht trin kt cu h tng trn cc vng, k c
nng thn v min ni.
5. Kt hp cht ch gia pht trin kinh t v cng c quc phng - an ninh,
cng c h thng chnh tr v nn hnh chnh vng mnh.
1.3.2. Cc mc tiu pht trin
- Mc tiu tng qut di hn
Xy dng Thi Nguyn thnh tnh c tim lc v v th cao trong vng v
tin ti trong c nc; trung tm cng nghip, du lch, thng mi, gio dc, y
t, vn ho ca vng Trung du min ni Bc B; c h thng kt cu h tng
tng i hin i v ng b; c nn vn ha lnh mnh, hin i v m
bn sc dn tc; c quc phng - an ninh vng mnh; i sng vt cht v vn
ho ca nhn dn khng ngng c nng cao.
- Mc tiu chung
1. a Thi Nguyn ra khi tnh trng chm pht trin. Phn u a mc
GDP bnh qun u ngi nm 2010 ca tnh gn bng mc trung bnh ca c
nc. m bo tc tng trng kinh t nhanh, bn vng v hiu qu hn
cc thi k trc; nng cao sc cnh tranh ca nn kinh t tnh. To nn tng
n trc nm 2020 Thi Nguyn tr thnh tnh cng nghip v dch v.
2. m bo Thi Nguyn c mt c cu kinh t, c cu lao ng hin i,
hiu qu vi cc sn phm ch lc c sc cnh tranh cao c trong cng
nghip, dch v v nng nghip. m bo nn kinh t ca tnh kh nng
ch ng hi nhp kinh t quc t v khai thc mt cch c hiu qu cc
quan h kinh t i ngoi.
3. Cht lng gio dc v o to ngun nhn lc c nng cao; vn ho,
x hi pht trin ng b vi tng trng kinh t; i sng nhn dn c
ci thin, gim i ngho, to thm nhiu vic lm, gim r rt tin ti xo
b cc t nn x hi; bo v mi trng, gi vng n nh chnh tr, trt t an
ton x hi v m bo quc phng - an ninh.

13
4. Nng cp mt bc h thng kt cu h tng. Pht trin mnh m khoa
hc v cng ngh; c bc i ph hp trong vic kt hp c kh ho, hin i
ho vi cng ngh thng tin v cng ngh sinh hc nhm ci thin ng k
trnh cng ngh trong nn kinh t.
- Cc mc tiu c th
Mc tiu v kinh t
GDP/ngi tnh theo USD gi hin hnh t trn 800 USD vo nm 2010,
bng khong 77% mc bnh qun ca c nc (1.050 USD) v khong 2.200-
2.300 USD vo nm 2020, bng mc bnh qun ca c nc (theo d bo ca
Vin Chin lc Pht trin, B K hoch v u t).
Tc tng trng kinh t (GDP) t bnh qun 12-13%/nm trong giai
on 2006-2010 v khong 11-12% trong giai on 2011-2020. Trong nng -
lm - thu sn tng trng khong 5-5,5%, cng nghip - xy dng khong
13,5-14,5%, dch v khong 12-13% trong c giai on 2006-2020.
C cu kinh t c hnh thnh theo hng tng cc ngnh phi nng
nghip, c bit khu vc dch v tng trng nhanh hn hn trong giai on sau
2010. Nm 2010, t trng cng nghip - xy dng trong GDP t 44-45%, dch
v 38-39% v nng - lm nghip - thy sn khong 16-17%. Nm 2020 t trng
cc ngnh tng ng l 47-48%, 42-43%, v 9-10%.
Pht trin mnh kinh t i ngoi. Hnh thnh mt s ngnh, sn phm
xut khu ch lc. Phn u t kim ngch xut khu nm 2010 t khong 65-
66 triu USD, nm 2020 khong 240-250 triu USD. m bo tc tng xut
khu bnh qun hng nm khong 14-16% trong c thi k 2006-2020.
Phn u mc thu ngn sch trn a bn tng bnh qun hng nm
khong 20% trong c thi k 2006-2020, nm 2010 t 1. 500-1.550 t ng v
n nm 2020 t khong 10 nghn t ng (theo gi hin hnh).
Mc tiu v x hi
Tc tng dn s bnh qun hng nm trong c giai on quy hoch l
0,9%, trong tc tng dn s t nhin l 0,8-0,82% v tng c hc l 0,08-
0,1%.
Hng nm gii quyt vic lm cho khong 15.000 lao ng trong giai
on 2006-2010 v 12.000-13.000 lao ng trong 10 nm tip theo. m bo
trn 95% lao ng trong tui c vic lm vo nm 2010. T l lao ng qua
o to t 38-40% nm 2010 v tng ln 68-70% nm 2020.
T l h ngho theo chun mi gim xung di 15% vo nm 2010 v
cn khong 2,5% nm 2020. Thu hp s chnh lch gia cc vng, cc tng lp
dn c trong vic th hng cc dch v x hi c bn.

14
Nng ch s chung v pht trin ngun nhn lc (HDI) ln trn 0,7 vo
nm 2010 v trn 0,8 vo nm 2020.
Hon thnh ph cp gio dc ph thng trung hc cho 95% hc sinh ti
thnh ph v th trn (trong 15% hc ngh, 15% gio dc chuyn nghip, cn
li tt nghip ph thng v b tc) v 85% hc sinh cc vng, x kh khn.
Kin c ha ton b trng v lp hc. m bo mi huyn c t nht ba trng
THPT.
m bo ging bnh, nhn vin y t, nng cp cc c s khm cha
bnh c 3 tuyn. Tng tui th trung bnh ln 72 tui vo nm 2010 v trn 75
tui vo nm 2020.
Ci thin mt bc c bn v kt cu h tng, bao gm h thng giao
thng, li in, cp nc sch. m bo trn 90% s h gia nh c dng
nc sch, 100% s h c in s dng vo nm 2010.
Nng t l th ho ln 35% vo nm 2010 v 45% vo nm 2020.
Cc mc tiu khc
m bo an ton x hi v quc phng - an ninh, gim ti a cc t nn
x hi, nht l s dng ma ty.
Ph xanh c bn t trng, i ni trc; nng t l che ph rng ln 50%
vo nm 2010, nng cao cht lng ca che ph. m bo mi trng sch
cho c khu vc th v nng thn.
m bo tc i mi cng ngh t khong 14-16%/nm trong giai
on n nm 2010 v 16-18%/nm trong giai on n nm 2020. Phn u
mt s lnh vc khoa hc - cng ngh ca Thi Nguyn t trnh trn trung
bnh ca c nc vo nm 2020.
Hot ng pht trin KT-XH ca cc nghnh kinh t trn a bn tnh vi tc
cao s gia tng pht thi cc cht nhim v gy p lc khc n ti nguyn
v mi trng trong tnh.
1.4. CC VN MI TRNG TRONG QUY HOCH PHT TRIN
KINH T - X HI TNH THI NGUYN
1.4.1. Cc yu t mi trng t nhin nh hng n s pht trin KT - XH ca
tnh Thi Nguyn
Cc yu t mi trng t nhin v kinh t x hi ca khu vc s nh
hng ng k ti cc hot ng KT - XH ca tnh Thi Nguyn :
Cc yu t kh hu (nh nhit , m, lng ma...) nh hng c bit
n ngnh nng nghip - lm nghip - thu sn, cng nghip khai khong, dch

15
v - du lch, ngoi ra cng tc ng n sc kho ngi dn trn ton b a bn
tnh.
Cc hin tng thi tit bt thng (l, lt, bo lc, sng m...) trm
trng hn do bin i kh hu s gy nh hng n hot ng KT - XH v sc
kho ngi dn trn a bn tnh.
nhim ngun nc (nc mt, nc ngm) do cc tnh u ngun s nh
hng n sc kho ngi dn v cc h sinh thi t nhin. Thiu nc sn xut
vo ma kh nh hng n hot ng ca ngnh cng nghip - tiu th cng
nghip, nng - lm nghip - thu sn v sinh hot ca nhn dn.
nhim khng kh t cc tnh bn a vo a bn tnh nh hng n
sc kho ngi dn v s pht trin cc ngnh kinh t trn a bn tnh.
1.4.2. Kh nng nh hng do pht trin KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn n mi
trng
Hot ng pht trin KT-XH ca cc ngnh trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn vi tc
ngy cng cao s lm gia tng vic suy thoi cc h sinh thi t nhin (nht l ti
nguyn rng v ti nguyn t nc) gia tng cc cht nhim gy tc ng xu n
mi trng, sc khe ngi dn. C th:
(i) Pht trin cc khu dn c, cng trnh thy in, c s khai thc khong
sn, KCN cng trnh giao thng cc huyn min ni s lm gim din tch
rng u ngun, tc hi n mi trng sinh hc, mi trng nc, t v gp
phn lm tng hu qu tc ng ca bin i kh hu.
(ii) Nc thi t cc khu dn c, khch sn, khu du lch, nc thi cc c s
sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip, thy sn, nc thi y t t cc c s khm
cha bnh ang v s gy nhim nc mt, nc ngm, pht tn bnh dch v
tc hi n h sinh thi nc.
(iii) Kh thi v ting n t cc c s sn xut cng nghip v khai thc
khong sn ang v s gy nh hng n sc kho ngi lao ng v gy
nhim khng kh xung quanh.
(iv) Cht thi rn v cc cht nguy hi t cc khu dn c, cng s, doanh tri
qun i, c s sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip, hot ng giao thng thu l
ngun gy nhim nc mt, nc ngm, t ai nu khng c x l trit .
Cht thi rn sinh hot khng nhng gy mt m quan, ngun pht sinh bnh
dch m cn nh hng n s pht trin ca ngnh kinh t khc.
(v) Hot ng sn xut lm nghip, giao thng thu c kh nng lm thay i
cc h sinh thi t nhin, gim din tch rng t nhin, bi bi ven sng, gia tng
xi mn, st l t, suy gim a dng sinh hc v nhim mi trng.

16
Trn y l cc vn mi trng quan trng nht v s cng gia tng
trong giai on y mnh CNH, HH vi tc tng trng kinh t hng nm
ca tnh trn 10% trong giai on 2010 - 2020. Do vy y l cc vn c
xem xt c th trong Quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
1.5. HIN TRNG Cht lng mi trng TNH THI
NGUYN
Kt qu kho st, phn tch nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng
trn a bn tnh ca D n Quy hoch mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn, kt hp
vi s liu quan trc nhiu nm ca tnh, cho thy hin trng cht lng mi
trng trn a bn tnh nh sau:
1.5.1. Cht lng nc sng, h
Cht lng nc sng Cu
(i) Trn ton tuyn sng Cu trn a phn tnh Thi Nguyn khng c im no
c tt c cc thng s u t QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT i vi ngun loi A1, A2
(tiu chun cho cp nc sinh hot) trong c 2 ma.
(ii) Tuy nhin nu so vi mc cho php (MCP) i vi ngun loi A2 v loi B1
phn ln cc im u t MCP i vi phn ln cc thng s.
(iii) Cc tc nhn gy nhim chnh ngun nc sng Cu l: cht rn, cht hu c,
du m v vi sinh vi nng , hm lng vt MCP i vi ngun loi A v B1.
(iv) Cha c vn nhim do ho cht c hi (cc kim loi nng, ho cht
BVTV) sng.
(v) Cht lng nc sng Cu ti p Thc Hung b nhim mc trung bnh
n nng, khng t QCVN 08:2008 i vi loi B1. Ti cc v tr khc cht lng
nc sng Cu ch b nhim nh n trung bnh nu so vi MCP i vi ngun loi
A2; t MCP i vi B1.
(vi) Nu so snh gia 2 ma ma v ma kh c th thy vo ma ma cht lng
nc sng Cu km hn v b nh hng do nc ma chy trn qua cc khu dn c,
th, nng nghip a vo sng.
Tuy nhin nu so vi cht lng nc cc sng khu vc TP H Ni (sng C
L, sng y, sng Nhu) mc nhim sng Cu cng nh hn nhiu.
Cht lng nc sng Cng trn dng chnh
(i) Hin nay khng c im no trn sng Cng c tt c thng s cht lng
nc t MCP i vi ngun loi A theo QCVN 08:2008.
(ii) Phn ln cc im kho st c cht lng nc t QCVN 08:2008 i
vi ngun loi B2, khng t MCP i vi ngun loi A (A1 v Az) v B1.

17
(iii) Cng nh sng Cu, sng Cng cng b nhim ch yu do cht rn l
lng, cht hu c, dinh dng v vi sinh. Cha c vn nhim do ho cht
c hi.
1.5.2. Cht lng nc ngm
pH: mang tnh axit n trung tnh, gi tr xc nh dao ng 4,2 - 7,4.
Cc ging ca mt s h dn ti TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng, cc huyn
i T, ng H, Ph Bnh v Ph Yn c axit cao (pH thp di MCP ca
QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT).
cng: dao ng trong khong 48 - 246 mg/L, thp hn QCVN 09:2009
(quy nh cng l 500 mg/L). Nh vy, nc ngm khu vc c cng thp.
Nng NH
4
+
, NO
3
-
v NO
2
-
ti a s mu quan trc dao ng mc t
QCVN 09:2009,
Phn ln cc im kho st nc ngm c nng NH
4
+
< 0,006 mg/L,
t QCVN 09:2008 (gi tr gii hn l 0,1 mg/L). Tuy nhin, mt s khu vc
nc ging b nhim NH
4
+
r rt.
1.5.3. Mc nhim ca nc thi
Qua kt qu quan trc c th nh gi nh sau v thnh phn v mc
nhim do nc thi:
Hin nay, nc thi ca phn ln cc n v sn xut cng nghip, bnh vin v bi
rc Thi Nguyn cha t QCVN 24:009/BTNMT v nc thi cng nghip.
Hu ht cc c s sn xut cng nghip khng t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT v
cc thng s nhim: cht rn l lng, du m, cht hu c,... ..
KCN Sng Cng khng t QCVN 24/2009/BTNMT v cc kim loi nng (Pb,
Zn, Cd, As Mn), dinh dng v vi sinh.
Khu vc H Thng khng t QCVN 24/2009/BTNMT v kim loi nng (As),
dinh dng v vi sinh vt.
Nc thi cc bnh vin v bi rc u khng t MCP v vi sinh vt v dinh
dng.
y l cc ngun nhim quan trng cn c quan tm, qun l v x l ng
lut BVMT v tun th cc QCVN.
1.5.4. Hin trng cht lng khng kh v n
Cht lng khng kh v n ti cc khu dn c
Cht lng khng kh v n khu th

18
Hm lng bi cc khu th dao ng trong khong t < 0,1-1,0
mg/m
3
. Ti phn ln cc v tr kho st, hm lng bi u t MCP i vi
QCVN 05:2009, tuy nhin cc khu vc ven ng giao thng v cng trnh
xy dng hm lng bi trong khng kh vt MCP t 1,5 n 3,0 ln.
Nng SO
2
phn ln ti cc im u < 0,026 mg/m
3
, thp hn mc cho
php (MCP) trong QCVN 05-2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 0,35 mg/m
3
)
n 7 ln, ring ti trung tm TP.Thi Nguyn c nng SO
2
0,04-0,06 mg/m
3

nhng vn t MCP.
Nng NO
2
ti tt c cc v tr kho st u < 0,10 mg/m
3
, thp hn
MCP trong QCVN 05:2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 0,2 mg/m
3
) hn 2 ln.
Nng CO ti tt c cc v tr kho st u < 30 mg/m
3
, thp hn MCP
trong QCVN 05:2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 30 mg/m
3
).
Nng ch ti tt c cc v tr kho st u di 0,0005 mg/m
3
thp hn
MCP trong QCVN 05:2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 0,0015 mg/m
3
).
C th nhn thy vo thi im ma kh, mc nhim phn ln cc
im cng mc thp, duy nht nhim bi ti Khu dn c phng Tn Thnh
- thnh ph Thi Nguyn.
Ti cc v tr kho st c n xc nh c dao ng trong khong 50-
70 dBA, ti phn ln cc im quan trc n u t MCP trong TCVN 5949-
1998, i vi khu thng mi xen k khu dn c (70dBA) tuy nhin khng t
MCP i vi khu dn c (50dBA).
Cht lng khng kh v n ti khu vc nng thn
Qua kt qu phn tch c th nh gi nh sau:
Hm lng bi dao ng trong khong t < 0,1 - 0,92 mg/m
3
. Ti 3 trn 30
im quan trc hm lng bi trong khng kh vt MCP trong QCVN 05:2009
(quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 0,3 mg/m3) t 1,1 - 1,6 ln.
Nng SO
2
dao ng trong khong < 0,026 - 0,04 mg/m
3
, thp hn MCP
hn 8 ln .
Nng NO
2
ti tt c cc v tr kho st u < 0,05 mg/m
3
, thp hn
MCP trong QCVN 05 - 2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 0,2 mg/m
3
) hn 4 ln.
Nng CO ti tt c cc v tr kho st u < 20 mg/m
3
, thp hn MCP
trong QCVN 05 - 2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l 30 mg/m
3
).
Nng ch ti tt c cc v tr kho st trong khong < 0,0001 - 0,0008
mg/m
3
, thp hn MCP trong QCVN 05 - 2009 (quy nh trung bnh 1 gi l
0,0015 mg/m
3
) hn 2 ln.
Ti cc v tr kho st c n xc nh c dao ng trong khong 50 -

19
75 dBA. n ti phn ln cc im u t MCP i vi khu dn xen k khu
thng mi nhng khng t MCP i vi khu dn c. c bit cc im nm
cnh ng giao thng c mt xe c gii cao b nhim do ting n mc
cao (trn 75 dbA vo gi cao im v hot ng giao thng).
Cht lng khng kh v n ti cc khu cng nghip
Cht lng khng kh v n khu cng nghip v trung quanh
(i) Ti cc khu dn c gn khu vc Nh my xi mng Ni Voi, Quang Sn,
La Hin v khu, cm cng nghip ti cc huyn Ph Yn, Ph Bnh, V Nhai,
Ph Lng v nh Ha cht lng khng kh thuc loi nhim nh. n t
MCP theo TCVN.
(ii) Ti cc v tr khu cng nghip cn li vi cc im i din l ng
Trn Gang Thp, Cng Cn - Cng ty Gang thp v Khu cng nghip Sng
Cng, khng kh b nhim trung bnh n nhim nng.
(iii) Ti cc v tr chung quanh cc nh my thuc Cng ty C phn gang thp,
khng kh b nhim mc trung bnh n nng .
(iv) Tc nhn nhim khng kh ch yu l bi; nng cc kh c: SO
2
,
NO
x
, tt c cc im kho st cha vt MCP.
Cht lng khng kh v n khu khai thc khong sn
nhim khng kh ti Khu vc m st Tri Cau, m than Phn M v m
than Khnh Ho vt MCP khong 2,0 ln. Trong khi ti cc v tr khc
khng kh ch b nhim mc nh. Tc nhn gy nhim ch yu l bi, cha
khu vc no b nhim cc kh c: SO
2
, NO
x
, Pb. n cc khu vc khai
thc khong sn t MCP vo thi im khng c hot ng n mn.
1.5.5. Hin trng nhim t
Kt qu quan trc mi trng c th nh gi cht lng t trn a bn
tnh Thi Nguyn nh sau:
pH: pH o c trong cc mu t dao ng trong khong t 4,5 - 8,5. Nh
vy, t c pH t kim n axit.
Hm lng cht hu c: Trong cc mu t, mn xc nh c trong
khong t 0,53 - 6,84%, cho thy hm lng cht hu c trong t dao ng mc
thp. t ngho hu c.
Hm lng cc cht dinh dng
Hm lng tng N dao ng trong khong 63,9 - 178,6 mg/kg.
Hm lng tng P dao ng trong khong 97,37 - 947,1 mg/kg.
nhim kim loi

20
a s cc mu t cc im kho st trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn
b nhim kim loi nng. Ch c t rung mt s khu vc cha b nhim
cc kim loi nng.
Hm lng As dao ng trong khong t < 0,5 - 63,8 mg/kg. Trong c
25/ 30 im mu c hm lng As dao ng t 14,5 - 63,8 mg/kg khng t
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT (quy nh As 12 mg/kg).
Hm lng Pb dao ng trong khong t < 0,5 - 349,35 mg/kg. Trong
c 10/ 30 im mu nhim Pb, hm lng Pb dao ng t 71,1 - 349,35
mg/kg khng t QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT (quy nh Pb 70 mg/kg i vi t
nng nghip v 120 mg/kg i vi t dn sinh).
Hm lng Cd dao ng trong khong t < 0,5 - 349,35 mg/kg. Trong
c 14/ 30 im mu nhim Cd, hm lng Cd dao ng t 12,05 - 154,2
mg/kg khng t QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT (quy nh Cd 2 mg/kg i vi t
nng nghip v 5 mg/kg i vi t dn sinh).
Hm lng Zn dao ng trong khong t 24 - 21.118 mg/kg. Trong c
20/ 30 im nhim Zn, hm lng Zn dao ng t 312 - 21.118 mg/kg
khng t QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT (quy nh Zn 200 mg/kg i vi t nng
nghip v dn sinh).
1.5.6. Cht thi rn
Theo tnh ton, nm 2009 khi lng CTR sinh hot pht sinh trn a bn
tnh khong 700 tn/ngy, trong c khong 320 tn/ngy t cc th.
Khi lng CTR (phn) t gia sc, gia cm vo khong 52.000 tn/nm
(nm 2009).
Khi lng CTR y t pht sinh khong 9,5 tn/ngy trong khong 346 kg
cht thi nguy hi (CTNH).
Khi lng CTR cng nghip pht sinh trn a bn tnh khong 1,825 triu
tn (5,010 tn/ngy), trong 25% l CTNH.
Theo tc tng trng v dn s, mc sng, tng trng cng nghip, nng
nghip, chn nui khi lng cc loi CTR s tng nhanh trong giai on 2010-
2020. y l vn mi trng nan gii phi c gii quyt trong cc quy
hoch pht trin ca tnh, TP, TX v cc huyn.

21
CHNG HAI.
CC TC NG MI TRNG TRN A BN TNH THI NGUYN -
HIN TRNG V D BO S B
2.1. CC TC NG MI TRNG ANG DIN RA TRN A BN
THI NGUYN
2.1.1. Phn loi cc tc ng mi trng
t c cc mc tiu pht trin KT - XH, cc hot ng pht trin
kinh t - x hi ca tnh v ang gy ra cc p lc n mi trng t nhin v
x hi. Bn cnh , cc yu t mi trng bn ngoi cng gy cc p lc n
mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn.
Da vo kt qu kho st, phn tch cc thnh phn mi trng trn a
bn tnh trong qu trnh nghin cu lp Quy hoch bo v mi trng tnh Thi
Nguyn n nm 2020", kt hp s liu quan trc hng nm ca tnh v s liu
v mi trng t nhin, kinh t - x hi, cc tc ng chnh n mi trng ti
tnh c khi qut nh sau:
Cc tc ng n mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn c pht sinh t 2 ngun
gc:
(i) Cc tc ng do yu t ngoi sinh (cc yu t t nhin v kinh t - x hi
t bn ngoi a vo tnh).
(ii) Cc tc ng do yu t ni sinh (cc yu t do hot dng KT-XH trong
tnh to nn).
Cc tc ng mi trng tiu cc c phn chia thnh 4 mc: nghim
trng (hoc tc ng ln), r rt (hoc tc ng trung bnh), nh v
khng ng k (hay thc t l khng tc ng).
Tc ng nghim trng l tc ng c th lm thay i nghim trng cc nhn
t ca mi trng hoc to ra bin i ln v mi trng. Tc ng loi ny c th
nh hng ln n mi trng t nhin hoc kinh t - x hi hoc sc kho nhn
dn trong mt khu vc ln.
Tc ng r rt l tc ng c th lm thay i r rt mt s yu t mi trng.
Tc ng loi ny c th gy nh hng ng k n cht lng mi trng hoc n
kinh t - x hi hoc sc kho nhn dn trong mt khu vc khng ln.
Tc ng nh l tc ng c th nh hng nh n cht lng mi trng,
kinh t - x hi, sc khe ngi dn khu vc trong hoc ven ngun gy tc ng.
Mt s tc ng mi trng c mc khng ng k (khng r rt). Loi tc
ng ny c xc nh l khng ng k hay thc t khng tc ng.

22
Bn cnh 4 loi tc ng trn, mi tc ng c th nh gi l c th
gim thiu, khng th gim thiu, c th phc hi, khng th phc hi,
cc b, tm thi hay di hn (lu di) ph thuc vo tnh cht v mc
ca tc ng.
2.1.2. Cc tc ng ngoi sinh
Cc yu t t nhin c th l ngun gy p lc v nh hng n sc kho
ngi dn v tc ng n cc hot ng pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t Thi
Nguyn.
2.1.2.1. Tc ng do yu t mi trng vt l
Cc yu t mi trng vt l khng nhng nh hng n cc hot ng
KT - XH m cn nh hng n cc h sinh thi t nhin, sc kho con ngi
v cc hot ng kinh t.
- nh hng ca nhit , m.
- nh hng ca ma l, ngp ng
- nh hng ca yu t thu vn.
- nh hng ca yu t a hnh, th nhng, a cht.
Tc ng do yu t mi trng vt l nu trn l r rt, c tnh lu di.
2.1.2.2. Tc ng t mi trng sinh hc
Thm thc vt (nht l cc loi thn g) c gi tr cao trong iu tit kh
hu, ci thin cht lng khng kh, bo v ti nguyn nc v t. Tuy nhin,
mt cy xanh v din tch thm thc vt bn a trn a bn tnh ngy cng
suy gim (mc d din tch rng c tng nhng ch yu l cy ngoi lai: keo,
bch n) c th gy mt s tc ng tiu cc n ti nguyn, mi trng v KT
- XH ca tnh. Cc tc ng r rt do suy gim din tch thm thc vt bn a
l:
- Gia tng cng v tn sut l lt cc huyn min ni.
- Gia tng xi mn, suy gim cht lng t.
- Gia tng nhim nc cc sng, h.
- Gp phn tng hiu ng tiu cc ca bin i kh hu.
2.1.3. Cc tc ng n mi trng do yu t ni sinh
2.1.3.1. Cc tc ng mi trng do pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip
Mc d GDP ca ngnh cng nghip trn a bn tnh khng bng mt s
tnh, TP khc (H Ni, Vnh Phc, Hi Phng, TP. H Ch Minh, ng Nai,

23
Bnh Dng, B Ra - Vng Tu ) nhng nhim mi trng do hot ng
cng nghip v ang xy ra mc r rt. Cc nguyn nhn chnh l:
Phn ln cc ngnh CN Thi Nguyn l cc ngnh c tim nng
nhim cao: luyn kim, cc ha, c kh, giy, VLXD.
V tr cc c s CN lin k khu dn c.
Phn ln cc c s CN cha c bin php kim sot nhim (KSN) tt,
nn vic pht thi cht thi vt xa mc cho php theo TCVN, QCVN.
Cc tc ng do kh thi cng nghip
nhim mi trng khng kh t sn xut cng nghip Thi Nguyn do
cc ngun chnh l: luyn kim, vt liu xy dng, khai thc khong sn.
Theo cc kt qu quan trc, gim st mi trng trn a bn tnh cho thy
hin nay nhiu c s cng nghip luyn kim (NM Hp kim st Trung Vit, X
nghip kim mu 2, NM km in phn Thi Nguyn,), sn xut vt liu xy
dng (Cng ty c phn xi mng La Hin, Nh my xi mng Ni Voi,) cha
p ng c Quy chun mi trng Vit Nam v kh thi cng nghip, Quy
chun mi trng Vit Nam v kh thi cng nghip sn xut xi mng. c bit,
khu cng nghip Lu X vi nhiu c s luyn kim (Cng ty c phn gang thp
Thi Nguyn, Cng ty c phn hp kim st, Cng ty c phn c kh gang thp,
Cng ty c phn vt liu chu la,) nm trong a gii TP Thi Nguyn pht
tn kh thi khng p ng Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng, gy
nhim cho khu dn c trung quanh.
Cc tc ng do nc thi cng nghip
T cc kt qu gim st mi trng c th thy rng:
Nc thi ca nhiu c s sn xut (Cng ty c phn Meinfa, Cng ty
TNHH sn xut tinh bt sn Sn Lm, NM Cc Ha v nhiu nh my khc)
khng t TCVN 5945:2005 trc y v nay l QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT - Quy
chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.
Nc thi cng nghip gy nhim mt s on trn cc sng Cu,
sng Cng.
Cc tc ng n mi trng do cht thi rn cng nghip v cht thi nguy
hi
Theo kt qu iu tra, c tnh lng CTR cng nghip pht sinh trn a
bn tnh Thi Nguyn l khong 6.800 tn/ngy tc 2.482.000 tn/nm (khng
tnh CTR t hot ng khai khong). Nhn chung hin nay lng cht thi rn
cng nghip khng c phn loi, cha c x l trit , khng c quy

24
hoch khu chn lp, ch yu l thi ti ch, san lp mt bng v mt lng
nh c tn thu ti ch li.
V cht thi cng nghip nguy hi: Cha c s liu thng k v lng rc
thi c hi x ra trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn, tuy nhin, c th on bit
c l rt ng k. Cc loi rc thi cng nghip nguy hi gm: Kim loi/c
cha lp m, cc loi sn v nha thng, du m v rc thi c cha du m,
cn du, Aming, axit v kim, cn bn cha kim loi. Phn ln cht thi nguy
hi khng c phn tch khi cht thi rn cng nghip v thng c chn
lp hoc x thng, trc tip vo mi trng.
Cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi cng nghip nguy hi khng c x
l trit gy ra nguy c ln v mi trng v sc kho tnh Thi Nguyn
v lu vc sng Cu.
2.1.3.2. Cc tc ng mi trng do pht trin nng nghip tnh Thi
Nguyn
Tc ng n mi trng t
Nhn chung vic nh gi nhim mi trng t do ha cht BVTV ca
tnh Thi Nguyn cn nhiu hn ch do c qu t s liu kho st.
Kt qu phn tch 4 mu t ti 4 im Bn Ngoi - huyn i T, Ni
Cng - huyn Ph Bnh, t trng rau - TP. Thi Nguyn v ti Tc Tranh -
huyn Ph Lng cho thy: hm lng ho cht bo v thc vt (BVTV) 2,4D
ti tt c cc mu phn tch u vt MCP theo TCVN 5941 - 1995 (nay l
QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT) t 1 - 2,5 ln. c bit mu t ly ti khu vc ni
Cng - huyn Ph Bnh (nn kho thuc tr su c ca tnh) hm lng DDT
vt QCVN khong 6776 ln, hm lng 2,4D vt khong 500 ln.
Trn a bn tnh khng c nhiu s liu nghin cu v tn lu ho cht
BVTV trong t, tuy nhin do vic s dng ha cht BVTV khng gim nn c
th mc nhim ha cht BVTV khng thay i nhiu so vi kt qu trc.
Tc ng t hot ng chn nui
Qua quan trc cho thy mc nhim trong ngun thi ca cc trang
tri chn nui l rt ln. Nc thi pht sinh vi mc nhim hu c cao,
vi cc thng s nhim c trng BOD, COD, amoni, tng N, tng P,
coliform,vt tiu chun cho php nhiu ln.
2.1.3.3. Cc tc ng mi trng do hot ng khai thc, ch bin khong sn
Qua kho st thc t hin trng ly mu phn tch ti tng c s khai
khong nhn thy ti khu vc cc m khai thc, khu ch bin khong sn, tuyn
ng vn chuyn t thi, sn phm mc gy nhim mi trng khng

25
kh l rt ln, c bit l nhim bi. Cc c s khai thc, tn thu khong sn
nh m than Khnh Ho, m than Phn M, m st Tri Cau, x nghip thic
i T, m ch km Ph , ngoi gy nhim khng kh cn gy nhim
t v nc do ngun nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh ch bin, tuyn ra vi
c th nhim v kim loi nng, cht rn l lng
Ti cc m khai thc kim loi Thi Nguyn, cc bi thi x v h cha
cht thi l ngun gy nhim ln i vi nc mt v nc ngm khu vc
chung quanh v h lu, nht l khi xy ra s c r r h cha cht thi.
Hu ht cc c s khai thc v ch bin ny cha c bin php x l
nhim trit cc ngun gy nhim mi trng. Cc cht thi rn mi ch thu
gom tp trung vo mt khu vc nht nh nh m ch km Lng Hch, m than
Khnh Ha, m than Phn M, m st Tri Cau. Nc thi m v cc c s ch
bin khong sn ch c x l qua cc b lng lm trong nc trc khi thi
ra mi trng. Cc cht kim loi nng, ha cht tuyn ra cha c x l trc
khi thi ra mi trng to ra s gia tng nhim ngun nc. Theo tnh ton
da trn sn lng khai thc ca ngnh, mi nm cc c s khai thc khong sn
Thi Nguyn thi ra mi trng trn 22 triu m
3
nc thi.
2.1.3.4. Cc tc ng mi trng do th ha
- Nc thi th
S dn th tnh Thi Nguyn l 291.500 ngi vo nm 2008, lu
lng nc thi th khong 34.980m
3
/ngy. Vi lu lng ny, mc d ch
mi c x l s b qua h thng b t hoi (hiu qu x l BOD 60 - 70%,
cht rn l lng khong 70%, vi sinh khong 70%) sau a vo h thng
cng ca cc TP, TX v x ra sng, ng rung nhng hin nay cc sng Cu,
sng Cng ch b nhim mc nh n trung bnh (theo MCP i vi ngun
loi A trong QCVN 08:2008). Tuy nhin nhim cc sng, h do nc thi
th s l vn ln t sau nm 2020 do dn s th tng nhiu ln.
- Gia tng cht thi rn th
Vi s dn th l 291.500 ngi vo nm 2008, khi lng cht thi
rn sinh hot pht sinh hng ngy cc th l khong 233 tn (trung bnh
0,8kg/ngi/ngy. Vi khi lng ny cc bi rc TX Sng Cng v TP Thi
Nguyn l sc cha nn cha gy nhim mi trng ln. Tuy nhin vn
CTR th s tr nn nghim trng trong giai on 2010 - 2020 do gia tng
nhanh dn s th.
2.1.3.5 Cc tc ng mi trng do pht trin cc cng trnh h tng
- Tc ng mi trng do pht trin giao thng

26
Vi lng xe tng nhanh chng th lng cht nhim trong kh thi nh:
SO
2
, NO
2
, CO, VOC tng nhanh. S liu quan trc cht lng khng kh cho
thy hin nay nhim bi do giao thng ng b vt MCP mt s khu
vc ti cc TP, TX, TT trong tnh.
Kt qu quan trc ting n ti mt s trc ng giao thng ca TP Thi
Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v mt s th trn cho thy: mc n tng ng cc
trc ng giao thng Thi Nguyn nhn chung vt MCP theo TCVN
5949:1998 mt s im ven quc l v ven cc tuyn ph chnh.
-Tc ng mi trng do cht thi bnh vin
Theo tnh ton, lng cht thi y t khong 7.497 kg c pht sinh mi
ngy t tt c cc bnh vin, trm y t tnh Thi Nguyn. Trong tng s ny,
khong 7.151 kg (95%) l cht thi thng thng (cht thi sinh hot). S cn
li l 346kg (5%) thuc nhm cht thi y t nguy hi, bao gm 114 kg vt sc
nhn, 470 kg cht thi ly nhim khng sc nhn v 40 kg cht thi nguy hi
khc, trong c cht thi nhim v phng x, ha cht.
2.1.3.6. Suy gim rng v a dng sinh hc
L mt tnh trung du min ni din tch rng Thi Nguyn chim 43%
tng din tch t t nhin nhng din tch rng t nhin ca Thi Nguyn cn
khng ng k. Loi rng ny ch cn vng nh ni Tam o, vng ni vi
thuc huyn V Nhai v mt s x pha Bc huyn nh Ho. Trc nhng nm
1960, din tch rng t nhin cn kh ln, nhng sau 50 nm, do khai thc
khng hp l, do quyn s hu, quyn s dng rng cha tht r rng nn nhiu
vng b khai thc kit hoc bin thnh t nng ry. Phn ln din tch rng
hin nay l rng trng cc loi cy c ngun gc t nc ngoi (keo, bch n).
Mt rng t nhin ng ngha vi mt iu kin sng ca nhiu loi ng
thc vt hoang d. Suy gim a dng sinh hc th hin r s tuyt chng mt
s loi, s suy gim c th nhiu loi khc, trong c nhiu loi qu him.
Mt rng cn c ngha l gim a dng sinh hc (gim din tch rng, gim a
dng loi v gim a dng ngun gen). C ba loi suy gim ny u th hin r
trn a bn Thi Nguyn.
Mt rng l mt lp o bo v t, c bit l t dc. Do phn ln t
rng trc y c dc ln nn sau khi lp ph b ph cc hin tng xi mn,
thoi ho, bc mu t xy ra rt nhanh. Trong giai on t nay n nm 2020
xu hng mt rng t nhin v mt ng vt hoang d trn a bn Thi Nguyn
vn xy ra do cha c mt bc t ph v qun l, bo tn thin nhin v do
sc p ca qu trnh th ho, cng nghip ho.

27
2.2. cc p lc do pht trin kinh t - x hi V D BO
S B CC TC NG mi trng tnh thi nguyn n
NM 2020
Hot ng pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t trn a bn tnh s gia tng
pht thi cc cht nhim v gy p lc khc n ti nguyn v mi trng
trong tnh. Cc p lc ny xut pht t cc nguyn nhn khc nhau, tuy nhin c
th phn thnh 2 dng ngun gy p lc:
Ngun c lin quan n cht thi.
Ngun khng lin quan n cht thi.
T Quy hoch Tng th pht trin KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm
2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt, c th xc nh cc ngun gy p
lc n mi trng nh sau.
2.2.1. D bo gia tng cht thi do quy hoch pht trin cng nghip
Hin nay trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn c 5 khu cng nghip (KCN), 20
cm cng nghip (CCN) vi tng din tch t dnh cho cng nghip l 908,2
ha. Din tch ny tng 2,18 ln so vi trc 1990 khi ton tnh Thi Nguyn ch
c KCN luyn kim Lu X - Thi Nguyn (416 ha).
Cc ngnh cng nghip ch yu cc CCN l luyn kim (c, cc ha,
thp); vt liu xy dng (ximng, xy dng, gch ngi); nng lng (nhit
in chy than); gm, s; c kh, ho cht, khai khong. Cc ngnh tiu th
cng nghip ch yu l ch bin ch, nng sn thc phm v gia cng c kh.
c bit, Thi Nguyn l tnh c nhiu nh my quc phng: Nh my
Z131 huyn Ph Yn; Nh my Z115, Z127 TP Thi Nguyn.
Trong quy hoch pht trin cng nghip ca tnh khng cp cc nh
my ny, nh vy cc nh my quc phng vn c kh nng khng b di di
khi cc vng ng dn c.
y l cc im c nguy c gy nhim mi trng ln do kh thi, nc
thi v cht thi rn cha nhiu thnh phn nguy hi (d chy n, c c tnh
cao). Cc nh my ny sn xut thuc phng, thuc n nn kh nng gy s c
mi trng do chy n cao. V n Z115 ngoi thnh Thi Nguyn l bi hc
in hnh xu v qun l mi trng v qun l sn xut ca n v ny.
Ngoi cc c s cng nghip ti Thi Nguyn cn c trn 300 c s khai
thc khong sn. Sn phm chnh l qung st, titan, than, qung ch - km,
qung thic, qung mangan, ct si cc loi v qung vng... Theo Quy hoch
n nm 2010 lng than sch s t 1,5 triu tn (tng 1,53 ln so vi nm

28
2007); n 2020 s t 2,5 triu tn. Sn lng qung st nm 2010 l 50 vn
tn qung tinh, n 2010 l 120 vn tn qung tinh.
Theo t trnh s 17/TTr-UBND " ngh ph duyt n tng th iu
chnh, b sung Quy hoch pht trin cc KCN trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn
n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020" ngy 29/4/2009 ca UBND tnh
Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 trn a bn tnh s c 5 khu cng nghip (KCN)
vi tng din tch qu t l 1630 ha, v c 2 T hp KCN - th (vi din
tch l 9400 ha trong c 2350 ha KCN). Ngoi ra trn a bn Thi Nguyn s
c 24 cm cng nghip (CCN) vi tng din tch l 1760,23 ha v cc im CN
vi tng din tch di 48 ha. Nu so vi s liu v cc KCN tnh Thi Nguyn
vo thi im 2008 th vo nm 2020 din tch cc KCN tng trn 4,38 ln.
Th tng Chnh ph c cng vn s 1845/TTg - KTN ngy
08/10/2009 v vic chp thun iu chnh b sung cc KCN thuc tnh Thi
Nguyn n nm 2020. Theo :
KCN Lng Sn 150 ha c a ra khi danh mc cc KCN d kin
thnh lp.
iu chnh KCN Sng Cng I t 320 ha xung 220 ha.
B sung 4 KCN mi:
+ KCN Nam Ph Yn 200 ha
+ KCN Ty Ph Yn 200 ha
+ KCN Quyt Thng 200 ha
+ KCN im Thu 350 ha.
UBND tnh Thi Nguyn c quyt nh s 2564/ Q - UBND ngy
09/10/2009 ph duyt n QH pht trin KCN, CCN, im cng nghip
(CN) ca tnh n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020. Theo din tch
t cho cc KCN, CCN, CN n nm 2020 l 2.661,13 ha. Kinh ph u t cho
cc KCN, CCN, CN l 4.000 t ng, trong ngn sch nh nc l 3.000 t
ng.
Vi vic gia tng nhanh v quy m v din tch cc KCN, CCN, s lng
v cng sut cc c s cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip so vi thi im trc
1990 s dn ti tng nhanh v lu lng, khi lng cht thi cng nghip (kh
thi, nc thi, cht thi rn - CTR, cht thi nguy hi - CTNH) pht thi vo
mi trng trong cc nm trc mt. Theo quy hoch pht trin cng nghip vi
vic gia tng nhanh chng cc c s cng nghip v a dng hn v loi hnh
sn xut vo nm 2020 cc ngun gy nhim CN s tng nhiu ln so vi hin
nay. y l ngun gy p lc ln v mi trng, kinh t trong giai on tng
trng CNH ca tnh.


29
Gia tng kh thi t cc KCN, CCN, CN
S dng h s pht thi nhim cng nghip (theo n v din tch) c th
c tnh ti lng nhim (pollution load) pht sinh t cc KCN, CCN, KCN -
th, im CN tnh Thi Nguyn vo nm 2009 v 2020 (Bng 2.1), trong
c tnh hin nay tng din tch lp y chim 70% tng din tch cc KCN,
CCN hin hu v gi nh vo nm 2020 l 80% din tch KCN, CCN, CN
c lp y cc c s CN.
Bng 2.1. c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong kh thi pht sinh
cc KCN trong tnh Thi Nguyn
2009 2020
Cht nhim
Din tch cc
KCN c
thu (ha)
Ti lng
(kg/ngy)
Din tch cc
KCN, CCN,
CN s c
thu (ha)
Ti lng
(kg/ngy)
Bi tng cng 635,73 4.545,5 2.129 15.223
SO
2
635,73 81.564,2 2.129 273.158
NO
2
635,73 8.518,8 2.129 28.529
CO 635,73 1.315,9 2.129 4.407
Ngun: Vin Mi trng v Pht trin Bn vng (VESDI), 11.2009.
Ghi ch: Din tch cc KCN, CCN, Khu CN - th ch tnh din tch phn t
dnh cho c s CN.
Nh vy, nu so vi nm 1990 ti lng cc cht nhim khng kh t
cc ngun cng nghip trong nm 2009 tng khong 1,5 ln. Trong khi
vo nm 2020 cc KCN, CCN trong tnh s pht sinh khi lng cc cht
nhim (bi, SO
2,
NO
2,
CO) cao hn nm 2009 n 3,35 ln.
Ngnh cng nghip than (nm ngoi cc KCN) s gia tng sn lng n
2,5 triu tn vo nm 2020, tc l tng hn 2,5 ln so vi nm 2009. Nh vy ti
lng cc cht nhim khng kh (bi, SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, CO
2
) cng tng tng
ng hn 2,5 ln.
Vic gia tng ti lng nhim trong kh thi cc c s cng nghip nm
ngoi cc KCN cng s theo t l gia tng v cng sut ca cc ngnh ny, vi
gi nh cng ngh sn xut ca cc ngnh ny v c bn khng thay i ng
k.
- Gia tng nc thi t cc KCN, CCN, CN
p dng h s pht sinh nc thi cng nghip do C quan Hp tc quc
t Nht Bn (JICA) nghin cu i vi cc KCN Vit Nam, c th c tnh lu

30
lng nc thi pht sinh do hot ng cc KCN, CCN ti tnh Thi Nguyn
(Bng 2.2).
Bng 2.2. c tnh lu lng nc thi v ti lng BOD trong nc thi t
cc KCN, CCN, CN tnh Thi Nguyn
Nm 1990 Nm 2009 Nm 2020
Din
tch
t
CN
(Ha)
Lu
lng
nc
thi
CN
(m
3
/
ngy)
Ti
lng
BOD
(kg /
ngy)
Din
tch
t
CN
thu
(ha)
Lu
lng
nc thi
CN (m
3
/
ngy)
Ti
lng
BOD
(kg/ngy)
Din
tch
t
CN
cho
thu
(ha)
Lu
lng
nc
thi CN
(m
3
/
ngy)
Ti
lng
BOD
(kg /
ngy)
416 26.624 4.526,1 635,73 40.686,72 6.916,74 2.129 136.256 23.163
Ngun:Vin Mi trng v Pht trin Bn vng (VESDI), 11.2009;
Ghi ch: Din tch KCN: ch tnh din tch cho thu (vo nm 1990 v 2008) v
s cho thu (vo nm 2020 vi gi nh n 2020, 80% din tch ton b cc
KCN, CCN, CN quy hoch s c thu).
S liu din tch t CN vo nm 2020: the, Q 2564/Q - UBND ngy
09/10/2009 ca UBND tnh.
T Bng 2.2 c th xc nh rng trong nm 2009 lu lng nc thi
cng nghip v ti lng BOD trong nc thi CN mi ch tng 1,53 ln so vi
1990. Tuy nhin, n nm 2020 nu 80% din tch cc KCN, CCN, CN c
lp y th lu lng nc thi pht sinh hng ngy s ln ti 136.256 m
3
ti
lng BOD trong nc thi s ln ti 23.163 kg. Nu so vi nm 2009, lu
lng nc thi cng nghip v ti lng BOD vo nm 2020 s tng 3,35 ln.
Nc thi cng nghip khng ch cha cht hu c (tnh qua BOD) m
cn c hm lng cao cc cht c c tnh cao vi con ngi v sinh vt nh:
du m, cc kim loi nng, phenol, cc cht hu c bn vng. Do vy, vic gia
tng lu lng nc thi cng nghip s gy tc hi ln n n mi trng v
sc kho nhn dn trong tnh v cc tnh, thnh ph h lu sng Cu.
Ngoi cc KCN, vo nm 2020, nc thi cng nghip t cc nh my, c
s sn xut nm ngoi KCN, CCN tnh Thi Nguyn c th gia tng. Cc
ngnh c lu lng nc thi ln nht l sn xut giy, khai thc ch bin
khong sn, luyn kim, ha cht. Phn ln cc c s ny tp trung TP Thi
Nguyn, huyn ng H, Ph Yn v TX Sng Cng. Hin nay cha s liu
thng k cc c s cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip cc a phng v khng

31
c s liu quy hoch pht trin cc c s tiu th cng nghip, do vy vic tnh
ton, d bo v nc thi t cc ngun thi ngoi KCN cha th thc hin. Tuy
nhin, c th nhn xt rng lu lng v ti lng nhim do nc thi t cc
c s nm ngoi KCN v CCN vo nm 2020 s khng tng nhiu so vi hin
nay v ch trng ca B KH - T v tnh Thi Nguyn khng khuyn khch
cc d n pht trin cng nghip nm ngoi cc KCN, CCN quy hoch.
Gia tng cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi nguy hi
Vi tc tng trng GDP cng nghip trong giai on 2010 - 2020 s
l 12%/nm th khi lng CTR cng nghip vo nm 2020 s tng n
4.453.000 tn. Khi lng ny tng gn 2,44 ln so vi nm 2009 (gi nh tc
pht sinh CTR cng nghip t l thun vi tc tng trng cng nghip).
CTR cng nghip c cha mt lng nht nh CTR nguy hi (cc ho cht c
c tnh cao, nh kim loi nng, cc hp cht hydrocacbon a vng, cc cht d
chy, du m). Theo mt s nghin cu tnh Thi Nguyn, t l CTR nguy hi
trong tng CTR cng nghip l 25%. Nh vy khi lng CTR nguy hi n
nm 2020, s ln n 1.113250 tn (gp 1,79 ln nm 2010). y thc s l
ngun gy p lc n mi trng v sc kho ca nhn dn Thi Nguyn v cc
tnh h lu sng Cu.
2.2.2. D bo gia tng cht thi do quy hoch pht trin th v gia tng
dn s
Gia tng nc thi sinh hot
Theo quy hoch pht trin KT-XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 dn
s th nm 2010 l 412.400 ngi, t l th ha l 35,4%; nm 2015 l
520.000 ngi, t l th ha 42,5% v nm 2020 l 647.300 ngi, t l
th ha l 50,4%. Tc th ha t bnh qun trn 6 - 6,5%/nm trong c
thi k 2005 - 2020. Nhu cu t th vo nm 2010 l 38.300 ha v tng ln
66.765 ha vo nm 2020.
Theo thng k ca cc a phng hin nay lng nc dng cho sinh
hot trung bnh l 120 L/ngi/ngy khu vc th v 100 L/ngi/ngy
khu vc nng thn. Mc s dng nc sinh hot c th tng n 150 L/ngy (
th) v 120 L/ngy ( nng thn) vo nm 2020.
Theo h s pht thi ca Aceivala (1983) th lu lng nc thi sinh
hot v ti lng BOD trong nc thi sinh hot tnh Thi Nguyn vo nm
2009 v 2020 c c tnh trong Bng 2.3.

32
Bng 2.3. c tnh lu lng nc thi sinh hot v ti lng BOD
trong nc thi sinh hot tnh Thi Nguyn
Dn s
Nm
Vng
S dn
( ngi)
Lu lng
nc thi
(m
3
/ngy)
Ti lng
BOD
(Tn/ngy )
Nng
BOD
(mg/L)
2010
- th
- Nng thn
- Tng cng
412.400
752.571
1.164.971
49.488
75.257
122.045
20,62
37,63
58,25
417
500
477
2020
- th
- Nng thn
- Tng cng
647.300
637.025
1.284.325
97.095
76.443
172.538
32,365
31,85
64,215
333
417
372
Ngun: Vin Mi trng v Pht trin Bn vng (VESDI), 11.2009
Bng 2.3 cho thy, lu lng nc thi sinh hot v ti lng BOD t
sinh hot ton tnh Thi Nguyn vo nm 2020 ch tng tng ng l 1,4 ln
v 1,1 ln so vi nm 2010, tuy nhin theo Quy hoch v th ho n nm
2020 lu lng nc thi sinh hot khu vc th s tng hn nm 2010 khong
1,96 ln.
Nu khng x l hm lng BOD trong nc thi th trc khi x l
s t 417 mg/L (nm 2020) hoc 333 mg/L (nm 2020), vt xa mc cho php
ca Quy chun K thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh hot QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT (cho php ti a 30 mg/L i vi mc A).
Gia tng CTR sinh hot
Vi vic gia tng nhanh v dn s v mc sng khi lng CTR sinh hot
tnh Thi Nguyn s tng nhanh trong giai on t nay n 2020.
T h s pht thi c th c tnh khi lng CTR sinh hot hng ngy ti
Thi Nguyn l 706 tn (nm 2010) v 1.286 tn (2020), trong CTR pht sinh
cc vng th l 329 tn/ngy vo nm 2010 v 776 tn/ngy vo nm 2020.
Nh vy, tng khi lng CTR sinh hot vo nm 2020 s tng 1,82 ln so vi
nm 2010, trong CTR sinh hot cc th s tng 2,35 ln. Cc vng s b
p lc do CTR sinh hot l TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v cc th trn, th
t trong tnh.
Gia tng cht thi nng nghip
Theo Quy hoch Tng th pht trin KT-XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm
2020, din tch t nng nghip Thi Nguyn s b thu hp, tuy nhin sn
lng lng thc, ch, rau mu hng nm vn tip tc tng 3 - 4%. Do vy cc
loi cht thi t hot ng nng nghip (chai l ng ha cht BVTV, nc
chy trn t ng rung ko theo ha cht BVTV, phn bn, cc loi CTR nng

33
nghip...) c th khng thay i nhiu v khi lng v thnh phn vo thi
im nm 2020 so vi nm 2009. Cc khu vc c th chu tc ng r rt do ho
cht BVTV l cc vng chuyn canh ch Ph Yn, i t, nh Ha, Ph
Lng. y l cc vng s dng lng ha cht BVTV ln nht.
Gia tng cht thi chn nui
Vo nm 2008 cc h gia nh trong tnh c 165.587 con tru b, 509.022
con ln v 5.071.000 con gia cm. Theo h s ca WHO v pht sinh CTR i
vi vt nui, khi lng CTR pht sinh t tru b, ln v gia cm c c tnh
tng ng l 27.156 tn, 16.746 tn v 8.164 tn. Vi tc tng trng hng
nm ca ngnh chn nui trong giai on t nay n nm 2020 trung bnh l 8%
(i vi tru b), 4,6% (i vi ln), 10% (i vi gia cm) th n nm 2020
khi lng CTR pht sinh t tru b s l 293762 tn, t ln 17.670 tn, t gia
cm 17.960 tn.
Vi hm lng cao cc cht hu c (BOD), dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh
cht thi t ngnh chn nui ang v s l ngun gy nhim ln tnh Thi
Nguyn, nht l nhim sng, h v khng kh cc vng tp trung chn nui.
Gia tng cht thi y t
Theo quy hoch ca ngnh y t tnh, n nm 2020 s ging bnh Thi
Nguyn s tng n 5700. Vi h s pht thi CTR y t l 1,2 kg/ging
bnh/ngy (trong c 20% CTR nguy hi) th vo nm 2020 tng lng CTR
y t Thi Nguyn s n 2.496 tn (500 tn CTR nguy hi). Khi lng CTR y
t vo nm 2020 c th ln n 6,84 tn /ngy (2.496 tn /nm) tng 6,9 ln so
vi nm 2007.
Gia tng cht thi do hot ng du lch
Vo nm 2007 s khch du lch n Thi Nguyn l 398.300 lt ngi
(1.700 lt khch nc ngoi). Theo Quy hoch, tnh Thi Nguyn s thu ht
1,2 triu lt khch du lch vo nm 2010 v 3,1 triu lt khch du lch vo
nm 2020. Nu thi gian lu li a phng trung bnh ca mi khch du lch l
2,2 ngy, h s pht thi CTR sinh hot ca mi du khch l 1,5 kg/ngi/ngy
th tng lng CTR sinh hot ca du khch l 39.600 tn vo nm 2010 v
102.300 tn vo nm 2020 (cao hn 2,58 ln so vi nm 2010 v 7,78 ln so vi
nm 2007).
Theo s lng khch du lch v thi gian lu tr, lu lng nc thi sinh
hot cng c th c tnh: 105.151 m
3
vo nm 2007, 316.800 m
3
vo nm 2010
v 818.400 m
3
vo nm 2020 (cao hn 7,78 ln so vi 2007), nu mi khch du
lch tiu th 120L nc/ngy.

34
Mc d khi lng CTR, nc thi sinh hot ca du khch ch chim t l
nh so vi ton b khi lng CTR, nc thi sinh hot ton tnh, tuy nhin tc
gia tng rt nhanh v vng nhn cht thi ch yu l cc khu vc nhy cm
v sinh thi (trong v ven khu vc h Ni Cc, khu ATK nh Ha) hoc trung
tm th (TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng) nn cht thi ca du khch s l
ngun gy tc ng mi trng quan trng.
Gia tng kh thi giao thng
Theo thng k cha y lng nhin liu tiu th cho xe my, t
tnh hin nay l 86.650 m
3
/ nm. Khi lng nhin liu s tiu th vo nm 2020
s ln n 172.000 m
3
/nm (gp 2 ln hin nay). Nh vy lng pht thi bi,
SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, VOC t nhin liu phc v giao thng cng tng tng ng l 2
ln. y l nguyn nhn quan trng gy nhim khng kh cc th v vng
ven ng giao thng.
Nhn xt chung v cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng lin quan n
cht thi:
Theo tc tng trng v dn s, cc ngnh kinh t v cht lng cuc
sng, tc gia tng cc loi cht thi t tt c cc ngun cng nghip, sinh
hot, chn nui, nng nghip, giao thng v y t tnh Thi Nguyn s rt
nhanh trong mt khong thi gian ngn (10 nm). Do sc p ca cht thi
n mi trng t nhin, sc khe dn chng v cc vn kinh t, x hi trn
a bn tnh s ngy cng gia tng, nht l trong iu kin tnh cha quan tm
quy hoch cc h thng x l cht thi ph hp. y l ngun gy tc ng tiu
cc rt ln i vi mi trng t nhin v x hi.
Theo d bo ca Ngn hng Th gii "nu tng trng kinh t ca Vit
Nam gi mc 10 - 12%/nm trong vng 10 nm ti th cng nghip s tng 4
ln v mc nhim s tng khong 12 ln, mc thit hi v kinh t v nh
hng do nhim n sc kho cng ng c th ln ti 1,2% GDP. Nu tnh
c thit hi do ph hng cc h sinh thi th gi phi tr cho nhim mi
trng cn tng gp bi". D bo ny c th cng ph hp cho tnh Thi
Nguyn v tc tng trng ca tnh cng nm trong mc ny.
2.2.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
Quy hoch Tng th pht trin KT- XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020
c th lm thay i ln v s dng t, s dng ngun nc, s dng ti nguyn
khong sn, ti nguyn rng. Quy hoch ny s to ra cc tc ng n mi
trng t nhin v iu kin KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn theo c khng gian,
quy m v thi gian gy tc ng. Loi hnh tc ng khng do cht thi ny c
th cn mnh m, lu di, kh khc phc hn so vi cc tc ng do cht thi.

35
Cc tc ng khng do cht thi c tm tt di y.
Chuyn i mc ch s dng t
Din tch t cn s dng cho cc cng trnh giao thng
Theo Quy hoch, trn a bn hng lot cng trnh giao thng ng b
s c xy dng.
p ng mt bng cho cc cng trnh ny, din tch mt bng ti thiu
cn s dng s ln n 1.000 ha (10 km
2
).
Din tch t cn s dng cho cc KCN
Theo quyt nh s 2564/Q - UBND ngy 09/10/2009 din tch t dnh
cho KCN, CCN, CN l 2.661,13 ha.
Din tch t cn s dng cho khu th
Theo Quy hoch tng qu trnh th ho tnh Thi Nguyn s din ra
nhanh chng:
n nm 2010: din tch t xy dng th khong 5.372 ha, bnh qun 160
m
2
/ngi, trong t dn dng khong 4.070 ha, bnh qun 123 m
2
/ngi.
n nm 2020: din tch t xy dng th khong 6.850 ha, bnh qun 157
m
2
/ngi, trong t dn dng khong 5.070 ha, bnh qun 118 m
2
/ngi.
Th x Sng Cng v cc th trn trung tm cc huyn u c m rng v
din tch v gia tng dn s.
Vi quy m tng trng th ho nh trn din tch t cn chuyn t
t nng, lm nghip, t th c vng nng thn, t bi bi thnh t th s
tng rt ln, c th gp trn 2 ln din tch t th hin nay.
Din tch t cn s dng cho cc khu du lch
Cha c quy hoch v din tch t cho cc khu du lch nhng c th c
tnh din tch tng thm m rng v xy dng mi cc khu, im du lch c
th ln n hng nghn ha m bo n 3,1 triu lt khch/ nm .
Cc tc ng tiu cc do chuyn i mc ch s dng t
Vic chuyn i mc ch s dng t gp phn tng trng qu trnh
CNH - HH cc huyn v ton tnh, tuy nhin cng km theo cc tc ng tiu
cc:
nh hng trc tip n kinh t, thu nhp, vic lm ca hng vn h gia
nh b mt t , t sn xut cho cc d n.
nh hng n an ninh lng thc do thu hp din tch t nng nghip.

36
nh hng n vn ho, x hi do chuyn vng nng nghip, nng thn
thnh khu CN, th.
nh hng n ti nguyn sinh vt v a dng sinh hc, cc h sinh thi
t nhin, to ra cc hu qu v mi trng, kinh t - x hi.
T cc thng tin v cc vn KT - XH do gii phng mt bng, ti nh
c nhiu a phng c th d bo rng: cc tc ng do chuyn i mc ch
s dng t s din ra quy m ln v vic gim thiu tc ng tiu cc s l
vn ln.
Gia tng s dng nc v hu qu
m bo nhu cu tng trng nhanh v sn xut cng nghip (trung
bnh 12,5 - 17%/ nm), dch v (trung bnh 13,1%/ nm) v dn s (t khong
1,164 triu ngi nm 2009 ln khong 1,268 triu ngi vo nm 2020) th nhu
cu s dng nc s tng nhanh chng. Nu nhu cu s dng nc cho cng
nghip t l thun vi tc tng trng th n nm 2020 lng nc cp cho
cng nghip s tng trn 6,7 ln, cho dch v s tng 4 ln, cho sinh hot s tng
1,96 ln so vi nm 2010.
Vi vic gia tng nhanh chng nhu cu s dng nc s dn n vic gia
tng vic ly nc t cc sng, h v nc ngm. Khi ngun nc mt s
khng th p ng nhu cu, nn vic khai thc nc ngm s gia tng v hu
qu mi trng ca vic s dng nc ngm qu mc s l: gim lng nc
ngm, nhim nc ngm v st t. Cha c nghin cu v vn ny Thi
Nguyn nhng nhiu nghin cu v hu qu mi trng do ly nc ngm H
Ni chng minh cho d bo ny.
Gia tng n, rung
Cng vi vic m rng mng li giao thng ng b, ng thu,
ng st v cc cng trnh cng nghip, th n, rung khu vc ven
ng giao thng, KCN, khu th s gia tng. n, rung cng l ngun
gy nhim ln do hot ng khai thc khong sn. Nhiu cng trnh nghin
cu v bo co TM cho cc d n ng cao tc Vit Nam chng minh
bng m hnh ton hc mc gia tng n, do cc cng trnh ny.
Cc p lc do pht trin kinh t - x hi cc tnh xung quanh n ti nguyn v
mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
- Quy hoch pht trin cng nghip
Gia tng cc cm, khu cng nghip v khai thc khong sn ti cc tnh
Bc Kn, Lng Sn, Tuyn Quang, Vnh Phc, Bc Giang v TP H Ni s gy
p lc n ti nguyn v mi trng ca Thi Nguyn. Cc loi cht thi pht

37
sinh do pht trin cng nghip l ngun gy nhim cht lng khng kh,
nc, t v a dng sinh hc.
Cng nghip khai thc, ch bin khong sn l ngun gy nhim nc
rt ln. Kh thi t cc cm, khu cng nghip ti cc tnh Lng Sn, Tuyn
Quang, Bc Kn, Vnh Phc, Bc Giang, H Ni nu khng c x l trit
s gy nh hng n cht lng mi trng Thi Nguyn.
- Quy hoch pht trin nng - lm nghip, s dng nc
Nu khng c quy hoch vng v pht trin hp l, vic ph rng cc
tnh u ngun m rng din tch canh tc, khu th, KCN, khu du lch s
lm gim a dng sinh hc, gim che ph, gy gia tng cc hin tng xi
mn, l lt, st l t. Cc hin tng ny c th nh hng trc tip hoc gin
tip n ti nguyn nc ca Thi Nguyn.
Trong tng lai trn a bn tnh Bc Kn, ni pht ngun ca sng Cu,
nhiu h cha, cng trnh thy in s c xy dng. Cc cng trnh ny c th
nh hng xu n lu lng v cht lng nc a v Thi Nguyn.


38
CHNG BA.
HOT NG BO V MI TRNG THI NGUYN, KT QU V CC
VN MI TRNG CN U TIN GII QUYT
3.1. NH GI CC BIN PHP, GII PHP V QUN L V K
THUT C THC HIN TRONG BO V MI TRNG
THI NGUYN
3.1.1. nh gi v cc bin php ch o cng tc BVMT- PTBV
-Ngh quyt, quyt nh ca Tnh y, HND, UBND Thi Nguyn
Trong cc nm qua Tnh u, HND v UBND tnh Thi Nguyn quan
tm lnh o, ch o thc hin ng cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi
trng, kim sot nhim. HND tnh Thi Nguyn ban hnh:
n bo v mi trng trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho
giai on 2007-2010 v nhng nm tip theo trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn.
n qun l nh nc v ti nguyn khong sn trn a bn tnh giai on
2006- 2010.
UBND tnh quyt nh ph duyt "nh hng chin lc pht trin bn
vng tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020 (Chng trnh Ngh s 21). y l vn kin
c ngha quan trng trong vic xc nh cc hnh ng gn kt tng trng kinh t
vi bo v ti nguyn, mi trng v m bo an sinh x hi trong giai on tng
cng CNH, hin i ho. Tuy nhin tnh cha trin khai cc k hoch hnh ng
thc hin nh hng ny.
- Cc phong tro v BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn
Trong nhng nm qua cc phong tro v bo v mi trng Thi Nguyn
c cc cp, cc ngnh quan tm. Cng tc gio dc o to, nng cao nhn
thc v mi trng cho cn b qun l cc cp, cc ngnh v trong cng ng
dn c c coi trng hn trc.
Mc d vy cc phong tro bo v mi trng ch din ra ch yu cc
thnh ph, th x ni tp trung ng dn c, cn cc vng nng thn v vng
min ni dn tc phong tro cha c trin khai rng ri. Kt qu ca cc
phong tro to nn s chuyn bin nht nh nhng cha tht s su sc trong
nhn thc v hnh ng BVMT ca cc tng lp nhn dn.
3.1.2. nh gi v cc bin php, gii php v qun l mi trng
S TN&MT thc hin tt cng tc qun l ti nguyn v mi trng
bng cc cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin chnh sch, php lut v ti nguyn,
mi trng, y mnh ci cch v th ch trong lnh vc qun l v bo v ti
nguyn, mi trng.

39
S thm nh bo co TM cho trn hng trm d n thuc nhiu loi
hnh sn xut kinh doanh: khai thc khong sn, luyn kim, c kh, pht trin
th, dch v.... Cng tc thm nh TM gp phn ng k vo cng tc qun l
mi trng, gim thiu nhim trn a bn tnh.
Bn cnh nhng kt qu trn, cng tc qun l nh nc v ti nguyn v
mi trng cng cn mt s nhng hn ch nht nh.
(i) Lnh o cc cp cha ch o c th v vic gn kt gia tng trng kinh t
v bo v mi trng.
(ii) Qun l mi trng v ti nguyn cn thiu thng nht, chng cho gia mt
s s, ngnh.
(iii) Cng tc quy hoch BVMT trong quy hoch pht trin th, cng nghip,
nng nghip, lm nghip cha c trin khai.
(iv) Cng tc kim tra, gim st cc d n, c s SX-KD sau khi thm nh bo co
TM c trin khai nhng cha ton din.
(v) Nhn thc v hnh ng bo v ti nguyn mi trng v gn kt bo v mi
trng trong pht trin sn xut kinh doanh ca cn b ng, chnh quyn cc cp
v doanh nghip cha c chuyn bin r rt.
3.1.3. nh gi cc bin php, gii php v k thut trong kim sot
nhim
KSN v nc thi cng nghip
Mt s c s sn xut c h thng x l nc thi c xy dng v vn
hnh da trn mt s cng ngh tng i hin i, c hiu qu x l kh cao
gp phn ng k vo vic gim thiu nhim mi trng. Bn cnh cng c
nhiu c s cha xy dng h thng x l nc thi hoc c h thng x l
nc thi nhng cng ngh lc hu, n gin hoc vn hnh khng thng
xuyn nn hiu qu x l khng t yu cu vn gy nhim mi trng.
KSN v kh thi cng nghip
Phn nhiu cc c s c quy m ln u u t h thng x l kh v bi
thi. Cc cng ngh p dng x l bao gm: gin ma, cyclon, lc bi tnh
in, ti vi...c kt hp x l hoc n l. Mt s c s khng c h thng
x l bi v kh thi vn c thi qua ng khi hoc trc tip ra mi trng.
Mt vi c s lp t h thng x l bi nhng li khng vn hnh. Hu ht
cc c s sn xut c quy m trung bnh v nh cha u t h thng x l bi
v kh thi.
KSN v cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi rn nguy hi
Hin trn a bn tnh cha c khu x l CTR cng nghip, CTR nguy hi
nn ton b lng cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut ca cc c s

40
c tp trung ti bi cha trong khu vc sn xut. Hu ht cc bi thi ny u
khng c mi che. Vic qun l cht cht thi rn cng nghip ti cc c s sn
xut kh lng lo, c bit vi cc loi cht thi rn nguy hi. y l mi nguy
c thc s cho mi trng, an ton v sc khe ca cng nhn v nhn dn ven
cc c s cng nghip.
ng lu nht l trn a bn tnh cha c quy hoch v xy dng Khu
(Trung tm) tip nhn v x l CTR CN, CTR nguy hi tp trung cho ton tnh.
Do vy tim nng gy nhim mi trng, s c mi trng cng nghip
Thi Nguyn l kh trnh khi.
Kim sot nhim th
Hin nay phn ln lng nc thi sinh hot ca cc TP, TX, th trn, khu
dn c ch yu ch c x l qua b t hoi v a vo h thng thot nc
ca a phng. Cui cng lng nc thi ny c chuyn v sng Cu, sng
Cng, cc sng sui khc v h, m. iu ny lm gia tng s nhim mi
trng nc v gy mt m quan th.
S gia tng dn s nhanh chng cn ko theo gia tng cht thi rn. Hin
TP Thi Nguyn ch c mt bi rc Mi. Cc huyn i T, Ph Yn, Ph
Bnh, nh Ha, TX Sng Cng... cng c bi rc nhng quy m nh (5-15ha),
hu nh cha c h thng x l hp v sinh (chn lp hoc thiu t theo quy
trnh hp v sinh). S p ng ca h thng thu gom v x l rc thi vn cha
hiu qu, rc vn c ba bi ven ng i, ven rung v xung cc sng,
sui tt c cc TP, TX, huyn. Ngoi ra kt cu k thut ca cc bi rc hin
c khng m bo, tip tc gy nhim nc v khng kh xung quanh.
Kim sot nhim vng sn xut nng nghip v nng thn
Ti cc vng canh tc nng nghip, hin vn cha c mt bin php k
thut kim sot nhim mt cch hiu qu. Vic s dng cc loi phn bn
ha hc, ho cht bo v thc vt cha c qun l tt. c bit, mc s
dng ho cht BVTV cc vng trng ch l ng bo ng.
Ti cc trang tri chn nui trn a bn tnh, cng ngh x l ph phm,
ph phm, cht thi ti cc trang tri ch yu l cng ngh x l dng k thut
biogas.
Tuy nhin, ch vi x l biogas ri thi ra mi trng l khng m bo
tiu chun cho php.
Hin nay, trn a bn nng thn tnh c trn 10.000 c s tiu th cng
nghip (TTCN), ngnh ngh nng thn (gm 3.800 c s ch bin lng thc,
thc phm, ti ch ph liu; 1.900 c s sn xut ch bin lm sn; 1.100 c s
dt may...). TTCN pht trin mnh TP Thi Nguyn v cc huyn Ph Yn,

41
Ph Bnh, i T. Phn ln cng ngh v k thut p dng cho sn xut ngh
nng thn lc hu, hiu qu s dng nguyn nhin liu thp, mt bng s dng
hn ch, vic u t cho xy dng cc h thng x l nc thi, kh thi hu nh
cha c quan tm. thc bo v mi trng v bo v sc khe cho chnh
gia nh mnh ca ngi lao ng cn hn ch. V vy nhim mi trng cc
lng ngh nng thn l vn nan gii.
Kim sot nhim khai thc khong sn
Nc thi pht sinh t hot ng tuyn khong, t nc tch di y
moong khai thc c cha nhiu loi cht nhim, c bit l cc kim loi nng.
phn ln c s khai khong, nc thi ch c x l lng cn ti cc h cha
sau tun hon li qu trnh sn xut. Nc thi sau x l cha t tiu chun
cho php thi ra mi trng. Hu ht cc c s khai thc v ch bin khong
sn trn a bn tnh u cha p dng cc cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp.
Khi lng cht thi rn khng l pht sinh t cc c s khai thc khong
sn l mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy ra nhim mi trng t, mi trng
nc.
Hu ht cc c s khai khong cha p dng cc bin php cng ngh x
l cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi, c bit i vi cc c s khai thc, ch
bin ch, km...
Kim sot nhim do cht thi y t
Trn a bn ton tnh hin c 6/15 c s y t ln thc hin vic thu gom
v x l cht thi rn sinh hot v y t. l bnh vin a khoa Trung ng
Thi Nguyn, bnh vin C Thi Nguyn, bnh vin Lao v bnh phi Thi
Nguyn, Bnh vin Gang thp, Bnh vin Y hc c truyn v Bnh vin A Thi
Nguyn. Cc l t rc thi y t hin ang dng hot ng tt, t cc yu cu
k thut v mi trng.
Cc bnh vin, trung tm y t khc rc thi y t c chn khng hp v
sinh ngay trong khun vin bnh vin, chn cng rc thi sinh hot ti bi rc
tm ca huyn, vn ny lun tim tng nguy c gy nhim v nh hng
xu n sc khe cng ng.
V x l nc thi bnh vin: hin nay ch c 03 bnh vin, trung tm y t
c h thng x l nc thi p ng c tiu chun thi. Cn li cc bnh vin
v trung tm khc cha u t xy dng h thng x l nc thi hoc c h
thng x l nhng khng t hiu qu.
3.2. CC VN TI NGUYN V MI TRNG CN C U
TIN GII QUYT TRN A BN TNH THI NGUYN
3.2.1. Cc vn v ti nguyn cn c u tin gii quyt

42
Chng thoi ha, s dng hiu qu v bn vng ti nguyn t
Ngoi nh hng do ha cht bo v thc vt, xi mn, ra tri, ti
nguyn t Thi Nguyn cn b suy thoi c din tch rng t nhin b thu hp,
kh nng ngn nga xi l t ca rng trng cy ngoi lai (keo, bch n)
khng cao. Do vy chng thoi ha t v s dng bn vng ti nguyn t l
mt trong cc vn cn u tin trong quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
S dng hp l, hiu qu v tit kim ti nguyn nc mt, nc ngm
Ngun nc ca Thi Nguyn phong ph, nhng nhiu huyn, x trong tnh
vn c tnh trng thiu nc, c bit l nc sinh hot v thy li.
Hot ng sn xut v sinh hot gy nhim ngun nc dn n tnh trng
ngun nc sng, h b nhim gy nh hng n cp nc cho sinh hot v du lch.
Vn s dng hp l, hiu qu v tit kim ti nguyn nc mt, nc
ngm cn c quan tm trong cc nm ti.
Khai thc hp l v s dng tit kim bn vng ti nguyn khong sn
Ti nguyn khong sn trn a bn tnh tng i phong ph nhng do phn
b ri rc nhiu a phng, nht l cc huyn u ngun nc v khu vc
rng ni. Nu khng khai thc hp l, tit kim ti nguyn th vic khng ch gy
thit hi v mt kinh t m cn li nhng hu qu v mi trng nghim trng.
Bo v ti nguyn rng v bo tn a dng sinh hc
Trong cc nm qua, din tch rng t nhin tnh b suy gim do nhiu
nguyn nhn nh: khai thc rng ba bi, t rng lm nng ry. Mt s loi
thc vt qu him b gim ng k c v s loi cng nh phn b. ng vt
hoang d cng suy gim rt ln v s lng, s loi.
Chnh v vy bo v, pht trin rng, bo tn DSH l mt trong cc vn
u tin trong quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
3.2.2. Cc vn v mi trng cn c u tin gii quyt
Kim sot nhim mi trng cc khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip, c
s sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip
T nghin cu d bo c th thy khi lng cc loi cht thi cng
nghip vo nm 2020 s tng hn hin nay nhiu ln. y l nguy c ln i vi
cht lng mi trng, ti nguyn v sc kho nhn dn Thi Nguyn v cc
tnh h lu lu vc sng Cu.
nhim mi trng cng nghip ang v s l mt vn cp bch trn
a bn tnh Thi Nguyn. Do vy kim sot nhim cng nghip l mt trong

43
cc vn trng tm cn gii quyt trong qu trnh y mnh CNH-HH v l
mt ni dung quan trng trong Quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
Kim sot nhim ngun nc
Hin nay, nc thi t cc th, cc khu dn c v nc thi cng
nghip t hng trm nh my, x nghip vn ang x trc tip ra cc sng Cu,
sng Cng v cc sng sui. Nc thi, nc ma chy trn qua cc khu vc
khai thc khong sn, vng t nng nghip, chn nui a vo cc sng h. Do
vy cc sng Cu, sng Cng v cc sng sui khc ang v s ngy cng b
nhim. Do vy ngn nga nhim v ci thin cht lng nc cc sng, sui l
vn cn u tin gii quyt trong Quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
Kim sot nhim mi trng th
Hin nay, ngoi tr thnh ph Thi Nguyn c d n xy dng trm x
l nc thi tp trung, th x Sng Cng v cc th trn khc nc thi cha
c x l. H thng thot nc ma cha c tch khi h thng thot nc
thi. Hu ht cc bi rc, khu x l CTR th u cha p dng cng ngh
chn lp hp v sinh hoc cc cng ngh x l tin tin. V th nhim mi
trng TP, TX, th trn trn a bn tnh ang v s ngy cng r rt, nu
khng c cc gii php KSN ph hp. Do vy KSN mi trng th ang
v s l vn u tin trong Quy hoch BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn.
Kim sot nhim v suy thoi mi trng cc khu khai thc ch bin
khong sn
nhim mi trng ti cc khu vc khai thc, ch bin khong sn Thi
Nguyn ang v s ngy cng nghim trng nu tnh hnh KSN vn khng
c ci thin. Hu qu v nhim, suy thoi mi trng cc khu m s tc
ng xu n sc khe v ti nguyn. Do vy y s l vn u tin trong k
hoch Quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
Kim sot nhim mi trng lng ngh
nhim do kh thi, nc thi, CTR cc lng ngh l vn kh gii quyt
do cc ch h sn xut hn ch v ti chnh, nhn lc v cng ngh. Do vy y s l
vn cn c quan tm trong Quy hoch BVMT ca tnh.
X l trit cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng theo Quyt
nh 64/2003/Q-TTg
Theo quyt nh s 64/2003/Q-TTg ngy 22/04/2003 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v vic thc hin cc bin php x l trit cc c s gy nhim
nghim trng, tnh Thi Nguyn cn 8 n v c xp vo danh sch gy
nhim nghim trng. Trong 8 n v gy nhim nghim trng c 4 bnh vin
(Bnh vin a khoa trung ng Thi Nguyn, Bnh vin A, Bnh vin C, Bnh

44
vin Lao v Phi); 02 doanh nghip (Cng ty c phn giy xut khu Thi
Nguyn, Nh my giy Hong Vn Th); Khu cng nghip gang thp Lu X
(gm: 1.Nh my luyn gang; 2. Nh my luyn thp Lu X; 3. Nh my cn
thp Lu X; 4. Nh my Cc ho; 5. Cng ty C phn vt liu chu la Thi
Nguyn; 6. Cng ty C phn c in luyn kim Thi Nguyn; 7. Cng ty C
phn c kh gang thp; 8. Cng ty c phn hp kim st gang thp) v Bi rc
Thnh c.
Hin nay, mt s n v trong danh sch trn ci thin cc h thng
KSN, ci to, i mi cng ngh, xy dng v nng cp cng trnh x l cht
thi t Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng (QCVN) v c a ra
khi danh sch c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng, bao gm cc n
v: Bnh vin C, Bnh vin Lao v Phi, Cng ty c phn giy xut khu Thi
Nguyn, Nh my giy Hong Vn Th, Bi rc Thnh c v Nh my luyn
thp Lu X.
Thc hin Thng t s 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 03/7/2007 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v vic Hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c
s gy nhim mi trng cn phi x l, trong nm 2008, 2009 trn a bn
tnh pht sinh thm 21 c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng v 43 c s
gy nhim mi trng.
thc y vic x l trit cc c s gy nhim mi trng, gy
nhim mi trng nghim trng, cc c quan qun l mi trng (S TN&MT,
Cnh st Mi trng) v chnh quyn a phng cn y mnh vic kim tra v
thi hnh cc bin php v php l i vi cc c s ny.
Nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng
Ngoi cc bin php v cng ngh KSN, bo v tt mi trng, khai
thc bn vng ti nguyn, gn kt BVMT vo quy hoch pht trin kinh t.
Cng tc qun l mi trng trong nng cao nng lc qun l l ht sc cn
thit. Do vy y s l mt trong cc trng tm trong cc chng trnh BVMT
ca Quy hoch BVMT tnh.
Tng cng s tham gia cng ng trong BVMT
Qun trit quan im BVMT l s nghip ca ton dn, do BVMT i hi
s tham gia ca c cng ng, trc ht l ca cc doanh nghip v n v c tim
nng gy nh hng xu ti mi trng. S tham gia ca cng ng trong BVMT
Thi Nguyn thu c kt qu tch cc, tuy nhin trong giai on y mnh cc
hot ng SX-KD, cc vn mi trng ngy cng phc tp. Do tng cng s
tham gia ca cng ng trong BVMT l vn cn c c bit quan tm trong k
hoch hnh ng BVMT ca tnh.

45
3.2.3 Trin khai "K hoch Hnh ng kim sot nhim mi trng tnh
Thi Nguyn"
"K hoch Hnh ng Kim sot nhim tnh Thi Nguyn" c S
TN&MT xy dng. K hoch ny bao gm:
(i) Phn tch c im nhim mi trng v h thng KSN ca tnh Thi
Nguyn
(ii) D bo xu hng gia tng nhim v cc im nng v nhim tnh Thi
Nguyn
(iii) xut nh hng v cc chng trnh d n KSN cn u tin trin khai
trong giai on 2010 - 2020.
(iv) xut k hoch c th thc hin cc chng trnh, d n KSN, bao gm
k hoch v t chc, phng php v ti chnh.
Vi s ch tr ca UBND tnh, s phi hp cht ch ca cc s, ngnh v
s h tr ca cc b, ngnh, vin, trng, t chc quc t vic trin khai K
hoch Hnh ng KSN s m bo kim sot c vic pht sinh cht thi,
gim thiu nhim mi trng trn a bn tnh trong qu trnh tng trng
CNH, hin i ha.

46
CHNG BN.
PHN VNG MI TRNG V QUY HOCH BO V MI TRNG
TNH THI NGUYN N NM 2020
gn kt gia pht trin kinh t - x hi vi bo v mi trng, s dng
hp l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin m bo s pht trin bn vng trn a bn
tnh, Quy hoch bo v mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn c xy dng trn c s
phn vng mi trng, sau lp Quy hoch bo v mi trng cho tng vng,
tng tiu vng mi trng v Quy hoch bo v mi trng i vi mt s
ngnh, lnh vc trong im trn a bn tnh.
4.1. PHN VNG MI TRNG TNH THI NGUYN
Phn vng mi trng (cn gi l phn vng chc nng mi trng) v
bn cht l t chc khng gian lnh th da trn s ng nht v pht sinh, cu
trc hnh thi v tnh thng nht ni ti ca vng cho mc ch khai thc, s
dng, bo v v bo tn sao cho thch hp vi cc iu kin t nhin, c im
mi trng v cc h sinh thi ca vng.
Cn c vo iu kin t nhin, ti nguyn, mi trng v hot ng kinh
t c th phn chia lnh th ca tnh ny thnh nhng n v vng v tiu vng
vi nhng c trng ring ca chng, phn nh thc t khch quan v ti
nguyn thin nhin, cht lng mi trng, cc vng sinh thi, hin trng v
tim nng s dng lnh th.
Phn vng mi trng tnh l c s khoa hc v thc tin, phc v trc
tip cho vic xy dng quy hoch bo v mi trng (Environmental Planning)
v qun l ti nguyn, mi trng v nh hng pht trin bn vng trn a
bn tnh Thi Nguyn.
4.1.1 Cch tip cn v phn vng mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
T cc nghin cu, phn tch s phn ha lnh th Thi Nguyn theo cc
yu t t nhin v nhn sinh cho thy lnh th Thi Nguyn b chia ct mnh
bi cc dy ni v lu vc sng, nn vic phn vng c tin hnh theo 3 cp
phn v: cp lu vc sng (cp I), cp vng (cp II) v cp tiu vng (cp III).
mi cp yu t tri c trng c la chn lm c s cho vic phn vng.
V mt a l, lnh th Thi Nguyn b phn ho dng da bo, nhng xt
tng th v a hnh, sinh thi, tc ng nhn sinh v.v..., c bit l s chi phi
bi 2 h thng sng chnh l sng Cu v sng Cng, c th thc hin vic phn
vng mi trng vi cch tip cn qun l theo lu vc, ton b din tch tnh
Thi Nguyn c phn chia thnh 2 n v vng quy m ln (cp I), l 2
lu vc:

47
Lu vc sng Cu, chim phn ln lnh th pha ng v ng Bc
ca tnh - K hiu l lu vc A;
Lu vc sng Cng, chim mt din tch nh pha Ty Nam v Ty Bc
ca tnh - K hiu l lu vc B;
Ranh gii gia 2 lu vc l ng phn thy un ln theo hng Ty
Bc - ng Nam. Lu vc sng Cu vi cc ph lu chnh: sng Ch Chu, sng
u, sng Thng Nung, trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn c din tch khong trn
1500 km
2
, bao gm ch yu cc huyn nh Ha, Ph Lng, V Nhai, ng
H v Ph Bnh. Lu vc sng Cng vi nhiu ph lu nh bt ngun t dy
ni Tam o, c din tch khong 951km
2
, bao gm ch yu 2 huyn i T v
Ph Yn. Tuy din tch b, nhng lu vc sng Cng c ngha rt quan trng
trong quy hoch bo v mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn.
Ring TP Thi Nguyn v TX Sng Cng nm trung tm tnh, ni gip
ranh ca 2 lu vc trn. Tuy nhin, xt v mc chu nh hng v kh nng
gy tc ng mi trng n cc dng sng, th c th xp TP Thi Nguyn vo
lu vc sng Cu, cn TX Sng Cng vo lu vc sng Cng.
Thi Nguyn l mt tnh nm trong i chuyn tip t ng bng Bc B
n vng ni Bc B. Mt khc, do cc yu t kin to a cht chi phi nn c
s phn bc a hnh rt r rt: g i i i - ni thp ni thp - trung
bnh. V vy a hnh c xem l yu t tri chia ra cc n v cp vng c
quy m nh hn. Theo trong mi lu vc A v B, cn c vo cc tiu ch a
hnh mang tnh tri la chn tip tc chia ra cc n v lnh th quy m
nh (cp II), l cc vng:
(i) Vng g i c cao a hnh khng qu 600m, tiu biu nh vng g i
Ph Yn;
(ii) Vng i c cao trong khong 60-200m, in hnh nh vng i Ph Bnh;
(iii) Vng i -ni thp c cao a hnh trong khong 60-400m, v d nh vng
i -ni thp ng H;
(iv) Vng ni thp c cao a hnh trong khong 200-400m vi chia ct su
ln, tiu biu nh vng ni thp nh Ha.
Theo cch tip cn sinh thi, rng v che ph kt hp vi bc a hnh
c xem l yu t tri chia ra n v cp vng mt s khu vc c bit, v d:
Vng ni thp sn ng Bc dy ni Tam o; Vng thung lng sng Ch Chu.
i vi mt s khu vc trn lnh th tnh Thi Nguyn, cu to a cht v
thnh phn thch hc ca cc v s hin din ca khong sn i khi li l
yu t quyt nh chc nng mi trng ca vng, v vy cn da vo chia
ra cc vng c nhu tim nng v khong sn, v cnh quan du lch, di tch vn

48
ho v.v..., c th s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. in hnh cho loi
vng ny v d: Vng ni vi ng H; Vng ni vi nh Ho.
Thi Nguyn l vng t c iu kin t nhin a dng v phn ha rt r
theo khng gian. Ngoi ra, trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn, nhiu ni con ngi
tc ng mnh m ln gii t nhin, lm thay i c trng sinh thi, lm
chuyn i mt s h sinh thi, trc ht l s chuyn i t h sinh thi
nng nghip sang h sinh thi th vi nhng chc nng c bit v chnh tr,
kinh t, x hi, vn ha, lch s v.v.... V vy, vic tch cc th thnh nhng
vng ring cng l cn thit, l:
(i) Vng th TP Thi Nguyn;
(ii) Vng th TX Sng Cng.
Thi Nguyn cng nh cc tnh thnh trong c nc, vic qun l pht
trin kinh t x hi, khai thc s dng ti nguyn, bo v mi trng c thc
thi theo n v hnh chnh. V vy, thun tin trong s dng kt qu phn vng
chc nng mi trng phc v cng tc qun l pht trin theo lnh th, vic
phn chia, khoanh v ranh gii ca cc vng chc nng khng ch tun theo cc
cc ranh gii t nhin mang tnh khch quan nh ng phn thy, dng sng,
ng ng cao a hnh, loi t v.v..., m cn theo ranh gii hnh chnh
trong trng hp c th. Theo cch tip cn ny, ranh gii 9 huyn, th x, TP ca
tnh v mt s x trong tng huyn c xem nh yu t b sung phn chia
cc vng v tiu vng c th. V d, i vi khu vc u ngun sng Cng, tuy
v chc nng ging nhau, nhng c chia ra thnh 2 vng, l:
- Vng thng ngun sng Cng thuc nh Ha,
- Vng thng ngun sng Cng thuc i T.
Tng t nh vy, i vi cc khu vc ni vi, hoc ni thp cng chia ra
thnh cc vng tng ng vi din phn b ca chng trn lnh th ca cc huyn.
y l phn v nh nht trong h thng phn v chc nng mi trng tnh
Thi Nguyn, c gi l tiu vng mi trng. Mc d lnh th tnh Thi Nguyn
b phn ha rt mnh, nn c th phn ra cc phn v nh hn na ty thuc vo
mc ch s dng. Tuy nhin, phc v cng tc quy hoch bo v mi trng
trn phm vi ton tnh, th n v tiu vng vi din tch va phi l thch hp nht.
Mt khc phn v ny cng ch s dng phn ra mt s tiu vng c yu cu chi
tit ha cho mc ch quy hoch bo v mi trng v qun l.
4.1.2.H thng phn vng mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
Ton lnh th tnh Thi Nguyn c phn ra theo 2 lu vc, vi 8 kiu
vng mi trng v 19 vng mi trng. Mi vng c nhng c im ring,
chc nng ring v gi mt v tr nht nh trong h thng phn vng, trong :

49
A (lu vc sng Cu) gm phn lnh th pha ng v ng Bc ca tnh, c
13 vng mi trng.
B (lu vc sng Cng) gm phn pha Ty v Ty Bc ca tnh, c 6 vng mi
trng.
Danh mc cc vng mi trng Thi Nguyn c lit k trong Bng 4.1.
Phn b cc vng mi trng theo n v hnh chnh c nu Bng 4.2.
Bng 4.1. Danh mc cc vng chc nng mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
Kiu vng TT Tn vng K hiu
A. Lu vc Sng Cu
1. G i Ph Bnh A.I.1
2. G i ng H A.I.2
A.I. G i
3. G i Ph Lng A.I.3
4. i - ni thp ng H A.III.1
5. i - ni thp ng Nam V Nhai A.III.2
A.III. i - ni thp
6. i - ni thp thng ngun sng u A.III.3
7. Ni thp ng Bc V Nhai A.IV.1 A.IV. Ni thp
8. Ni thp nh Ho A.IV.2
9. Ni vi V Nhai A.V.2 A.V. Ni vi
10. Ni vi nh Ho A.V.3
11. Thung lng nh C A.VI.1 A.VI. Thung lng
12.

Thung lng thng ngun sng Ch
Chu
A.VI.2
A.IX. th 13. Thnh ph Thi Nguyn
- Tiu vng ni th (11 phng)
- Tiu vng g i ngoi vi
A.IX.1
A.IX.1/1
A.IX.1/2
Lu vc Sng Cng
B.I. G i 14. G i Ph Yn B.I.1
B.IV. Ni thp 15. Ni thp sn ng Bc dy Tam o B. IV.1
16 Thng ngun sng Cng (nh Ho) B.VII.1 B.VII. Thng ngun
sng Cng
17 Trung lu sng Cng (i T) B.VII.2
B.VIII. H cha 18

Vng h Ni Cc
- Tiu vng mt nc h
- Tiu vng lu vc h
B.VIII.1
B.VIII.1/1
B. III.1/2
B.IX. th 19

Th x sng Cng
- Tiu vng ni th (5 phng)
- Tiu vng g i ngoi vi
B. IX.1
B. IX.1/1
B. IX. 1/2
Ngun: Vin Mi trng v Pht trin bn vng - D n "Quy hoch mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020.

50
Bng 4.2. Phn b cc vng chc nng mi trng theo n v hnh chnh
trc thuc tnh Thi Nguyn
STT n v hnh chnh
S
lng
vng
Tn vng
K hiu
vng
1 Huyn Ph Bnh 1 G i Ph Bnh A.I.1
G i ng H A.I.2 2 Huyn ng H 2
i - ni thp ng H A.III.1
i ni thp ng Nam V Nhai A.III.2
Ni thp ng Bc V Nhai A.IV.1
Ni vi V Nhai A.V.2
3 Huyn V Nhai 4
Thung lng nh C A.VI.1
G i Ph Lng A.I.3 4 Huyn Ph Lng 2
i ni thp thng ngun s.u A.III.3
Ni thp nh Ho A.IV.2
Ni vi nh Ho A.V.3
Thung lng sng Ch Chu A.IV.2
5 Huyn nh Ho 4
Thng ngun sng Cng B.VII.1
6 Huyn Ph Yn 1 G i Ph Yn B.I.1
Ni thp ng Bc Tam o B.IV.1
Trung lu sng Cng B.VII.2
7 Huyn i T 3
H Ni Cc B.VIII.1
8 Th x Sng Cng 1 th Sng Cng B.IX.1
9 TP Thi Nguyn 1 th Thi Nguyn A.IX.1
c im chi tit v v tr, din tch, a hnh, th nhng, kh hu, thy
vn, cht lng mi trng, ti nguyn sinh hc v KT-XH tng vng c m
t trong Bo co tng hp D n Quy hoch BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn n nm
2020.
Trn c s iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi v nh hng pht trin
kinh t - x hi tng vng m chc nng mi trng v quy hoch bo v mi
trng ti tng vng l khc nhau.


51

Hnh 4.1. Bn phn vng mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn


52
4.2. CHC NNG MI TRNG V QUY HOCH BO V MI
TRNG THEO LU VC SNG CU
4.2.1. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng g i Ph Bnh
Vng G i Ph Bnh (A.I.1) nm ra Nam tnh Thi Nguyn c din
tch 249,4 km
2
, pha Bc gip vng g i ng H (A.I.2) v vng i- ni
thp ng H (A.III.1) thuc huyn ng H; Pha ng v Nam gip tnh Bc
Giang; Pha Ty gip vng g i Ph Yn (B.I.1) huyn Ph Yn v vng
th Thi Nguyn (A.IX.1). Vng A.I.1 l ni chuyn tip gia ng bng Bc B
v min ni pha Bc, c quc l 37 chy qua, c iu kin thun li trong giao
thng, trao i hng ha vi cc vng ln cn trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t.
4.2.1.1. Chc nng mi trng
Vng A.I.1 - G i Ph Bnh, c trng bng h sinh thi nng nghip
nng thn v thm rng trng trn t i. Chc nng mi trng c bn ca
vng ny l:
(i) Cung cp ni tp trung cho con ngi, m bo lng thc, thc phm
cho c dn trong vng, gp phn m bo lng thc, thc phm cho tnh Thi
Nguyn.
(ii) Cung cp ngun nguyn liu th cho cng nghip ch bin cc sn phm
nng nghip v g rng trng cho sn xut giy v cho cc mc ch khc.
(iii) Cung cp c s h tng cho pht trin th v CN.
4.2.1.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng
nh hng chung
Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng A.I.1 - G i Ph Bnh theo cc
nh hng:
(i) Duy tr v pht trin h sinh thi nng nghip nhm m bo lng thc
cho c dn trong vng v h tr cc vng khc ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
(ii) Pht trin th, cm dn c hi ho vi cnh quan mi trng vng g
i, c c s h tng cp, thot nc, x l nc thi tt; t l cy xanh/din
tch t nhin cao.
(iii) Bo v cht lng nc sng Cu, kim sot nhim t v nc do cht
thi nng nghip, lng ngh, ho cht BVTV.
(iv) Duy tr v pht trin h sinh thi rng, bao gm vn rng t nhin t i v
rng trng, p ng nhu cu nguyn liu g cho cc ngnh kinh t v cht t
cho c dn, ng thi phng chng xi mn t i.

53
(v) Pht trin T hp KCN - th im Thy (1.100 Ha) theo hng gn
kt pht trin hi ha v mt mi trng, cnh quan cc KCN v cc khu th.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng theo ngnh
- Pht trin th
(i) Quy hoch m rng din tch, gia tng dn s quy m thch hp i vi
th trn Hng Sn. Pht trin Hng Sn thnh th loi 5.
(ii) m bo cc tiu ch:
T l din tch xy dng nh , khu SX-KD, cng trnh vn ho trn tng din
tch t nhin: di 20%.
T l t cho cng trnh h tng giao thng: 8-10% tng din tch t nhin.
T l cy xanh (ch tnh cy xanh trong phm vi th trn) trn 20% din tch t
nhin.
H thng thot nc m bo tiu thot nc thun li, khng gy ng ngp
khu vc th.
Xy dng trm x l nc thi tp trung x l trn 60% lu lng nc thi
khu vc th trn trc 2020.
Xy dng Trm x l cht thi rn th theo cng ngh chn lp hp v
sinh... m bo thu gom, x l trn 80% khi lng CTR ca th trn (trc 2020).
- Quy hoch bo v mi trng T hp KCN - T im Thy
Mc tiu cn t ca T hp KCN - T im Thy: KCN xanh kt hp
th sinh thi. Mun t c mc tiu ny cn nh hng v quy hoch
BVMT:
(i) m bo tch ring cc KCN vi khu th, khong cch gia ranh gii
cc KCN vi khu th lin k trn 500m. Trong khong cch ny c th xy
dng cc khu Thng quan, khu dch v, hu cn (logistic), cng vin, rng cy,
h nc ...
(ii) Trong KCN: cn phn khu chc nng theo loi hnh CN hn ch pht
tn kh thi, n, rung vo khu vc dn c v khu vc sn xut cn mi trng
sch. u tin cc loi hnh CN c tnh cht nc thi tng t c quy hoch
vo mt khu.
(iii) Khng quy hoch cc loi hnh CN c tim nng nhim cao (xi mng,
nhum, giy, ha cht, ha du, luyn kim, ch bin khong sn ...) gn cc khu
dn c, khong cch ti thiu trn 1000m.
(iv) Quy hoch v xy dng mi KCN trong t hp 1 Trm x l nc thi
tp trung t QCVN ; mi khu th trn 10.000 dn c 1 Trm x l nc thi
tp trung, Quy hoch t l din tch cy xanh thn g trn 25% tng din tch t

54
nhin ca T hp, trong din tch cy xanh trong mi KCN trn 20% din
tch KCN. m bo gii cy xanh phn cch KCN v cc khu th dy v rng
trn 20m; m bo din tch cy xanh ng ph, ng ni b trong khu th
trn 20 m
2
/ngi.
(v) Quy hoch v xy dng 1 Trm Tip nhn v Trung chuyn CTR CN,
CTNH KCN v 2 - 3 trm Tip nhn v Trung chuyn CTR th cc khu
th.
(vi) m bo h tng thot nc ma, tch ring nc ma khi nc thi
th, CN. Nc ma c th x vo h thng cng a ra sng Cu, nc thi
c a vo cc trm x l.
(vii) H tng nh , cng trnh cng cng m bo quy hoch kin trc p,
hin i, tin nghi i vi th mi.
4.2.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng g i ng H
Vng G i ng H (A.I.2) nm pha Ty Nam huyn ng H, bao
gm a phn cc x Hng Thng, Linh Sn, Nam Ha, Khe Mo, Ha
Thng, Ha Trung, Minh Lp, th trn Cha Hang, th trn Sng Cu c din
tch 147 km
2
, dn s khong 83.130 ngi. Pha Bc v ng gip vng i -
ni thp ng H (A.III.1); Pha Nam gip vng g i Ph Bnh (A.I.1); Pha
ng Nam gip thnh ph Thi Nguyn (A.IX.1); Pha Ty gip vng g i
Ph Lng (A.I.3).
Cung cp nguyn liu khong, qua tuyn ra v lm giu p ng nhu
cu s dng cho hat ng cng nghip ca cc tnh v nh nc .
iu kin t nhin v t ai ca vng thch hp vi nhiu loi cy trng nng
lm nghip, trong c ch, ma, lc, u tng; cy n qu v cy rng trng, v vy
mt chc nng quan trng khc ca vng l cung cp sn phm nng nghip cht
lng cao cho ngnh cng nghip ch bin lng thc, thc phm; cung cp g sn
xut g dm, giy v bt giy v cc sn phm gia dng khc t nguyn liu g.
nh hng chung
Trong pht trin kinh t cn thc hin cc gii php quy hoch bo v mi
trng sau:
(i) Duy tr, phc hi vn rng t nhin; pht trin, b sung trng rng kinh
t vi cc loi cy thch hp va em li li ch kinh t, va gp phn gia
tng che ph, gim nh tc ng ca qu trnh xi mn, ra tri lm thoi ha
t trn cc i c dc ln.

55
(ii) Phng chng nhim mi trng cc b trong khai thc khong sn,
trong cc khu, cm cng nghip s xy dng theo quy hach, bng cc gii php
khoa hc, cng ngh thch hp, i km vi cc cng c php l.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng chuyn ngnh
Quy hoch bo v mi trng cc th Cha Hang v Sng Cu
(i) m bo khong cch an ton v mi trng gia KCN Cao Ngn vi
khu dn c th trn Cha Hang. Khng pht trin cc khu dn c ven KCN
ny. Lp gii cy xanh ngn cch KCN v khu dn c (ty thuc vo iu kin
t ai v cng trnh h tng m thit k rng, di gii cy xanh cho ph
hp).
(ii) Ci tin h thng thu gom CTR th 2 th trn. Mi th trn lp 1
Trm trung chuyn CTR, sau chuyn n cc khu x l.
(iii) u t xy mi trung tm x l, ti ch CTR ti Ha Trung, huyn
ng H, c th m rng t 7,5 ha hin nay ln 9 - 10 ha.
(iv) M rng din tch cy xanh ng ph, chnh trang va h, h thng
thot nc c 2 th trn.
(v) Mi th trn cn xy v hot ng mt trm x l nc thi tp trung (t
sau 2020 m bo x l 80% lu lng nc thi th t QCVN).
(vi) Mi th trn cn lp 1 - 2 khu cng vin cy xanh din tch trn 2,0 ha.
4.2.3. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng g i Ph Lng
Vng G i Ph Lng (A.I.3) nm phn pha Ty Bc ca tnh, c ta
a l trong khong 21
0
36 n 21
0
55 v Bc, t 105
0
37 n 105
0
46
kinh ng. Pha Bc gip vng ni thp nh Ha (A.IV.2) v huyn Ch
Mi - tnh Bc Cn; pha ng gip vng g i ng H (A.I.2); pha Ty
gip vng trung lu Sng Cng (B.VII.2); tn cng pha Nam gip vng th
Thi Nguyn (A.IX.1), cch trung tm TP Thi Nguyn 22 km v pha Bc.
Din tch vng khong 379 km
2.

- Sng u l mt ph lu ln bn hu ngn ca sng Cu, ti nguyn nc
ca lu vc sng u v cht lng nc y c nh hng trc tip n lu
lng v cht lng nc sng Cu. V vy vng g i Ph Lng vi thm
rng t nhin v thm rng trng, p ng yu cu chc nng c bn l phng
h kt hp kinh t cho lu vc sng u ni ring v sng Cu ni chung.
- Ni cung cp nguyn liu khong, bao gm than v kim loi cho ngnh
cng nghip v nhu cu dn sinh m bo t nng nghip.

56
- Ni cung cp t cho c dn th v nng thn, p ng lng thc,
thc phm ti ch cho nhn dn trong vng.
- Pht trin lm nghip v nng nghip cng l chc nng quan trng ca
Vng.
nh hng chung
(i) Bo v rng u ngun ca 2 nhnh sng chnh t pha ng Bc v pha
Ty Bc vo sng u duy tr ngun nc cho sng u v sng Cu.
(ii) Bo v mi trng nc sng u m bo ngun nc cp c cht
lng tt cho cc th trn u, Giang Tin v khu dn c trong vng.
(iii) Quy hoch v pht trin 2 th trn Ph u v Giang Tin tr thnh cc
th loi IV (trc 2020) lm trung tm th, cng nghip, thng mi cho
khu vc Ty Bc tnh. Cc th trn ny t cc tiu ch v mi trng.
(iv) Quy hoch BVMT cc m than theo hng gn kt m rng sn xut vi
hn ch nhim khng kh, ngun nc, t ai n mc t TCVN, QCVN.
(v) Khc phc nhim mi trng khng kh v nc mt ti cc m khai
thc than v qung kim loi bng cc bin php khoa hc, cng ngh kt hp vi
cng c qun l bng php lut.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng th
(i) Khng quy hoch cc khu dn c mi st KCN (CCN ng t u v
CCN Phn M Giang Tin). Khong cch an ton gia ranh gii khu th v
KCN trn 500m ( KCN ng t) v trn 1000m ( KCN Phn M).
(ii) Xy dng mi h thng thot nc thi c 2 th trn Ph u v Giang Tin.
Sau nm 2020 cn c h thng tch ring nc thi v nc ma.
(iii) Xy dng v hot ng mt trm x l nc thi th t QCVN mi th
trn.
(iv) Xy dng khu x l cht thi rn hp v sinh, m bo an ton vi nc
ngm, kim sot mi, c trm x l nc r rc, t QCVN.
(v) Xy dng mi cc khu cng vin 2 th trn. m bo t l din tch cy
xanh khu vc th trn 20% din tch t nhin.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng cng nghip
(i) m bo khong cch ranh gii CCN ng t v khu dn c lin k:
theo quy nh ca ngnh cng nghip.

57
(ii) Xy dng v vn hnh trm x l nc thi tp trung, x l 100% nc
thi CN t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT.
(iii) m bo h thng thu gom, trung chuyn KCN Phn M, KCN, CCN c
Trm tip nhn v trung chuyn CTR CN, hp ng vi cc n v dch v vn
chuyn v x l CTR CN, CTNH x l t quy nh.
(iv) Xy dng h thng cy xanh vi t l che ph trn 20% din tch CCN, KCN.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng nng nghip, nng thn
(i) Xy dng cc h thng thot nc, m bo ngn nga l, ngp ng.
(ii) Xc nh cc v tr ph hp chuyn cc h sn xut TTCN c tim
nng nhim cao ra khi khu dn c c mt cao.
(iii) m bo t l rng vng ny t trn 40% din tch t nhin.
4.2.4. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng i - ni thp ng H
Vng i ni thp ng H (vng A.III.1) c din tch 328 km
2
ko di t
pha Ty Bc n ng Nam huyn ng H. Vng i ni thp ng H c
trng bi yu t tri l a hnh, cao a hnh dao ng trong khong 60-
200m, c mt vi nh ni cao hn. Vng ny gm cc x khu vc cao ca
huyn ng H, t x Vn Lng u Bc gip huyn Ch Mi, tnh Bc Kn
n x Hp Tin cui ng Nam gip huyn Yn Th, tnh Bc Giang.
(i) Do c im a hnh v v tr ca vng i - ni thp ng H l vng
cao, ni bt ngun cc sng sui, chim phn na pha ng Bc lnh th huyn
ng H nn chc nng c bn ca vng l phng h u ngun nhm m bo
ngun sinh thy v ngun nc ti cy trng nng nghip, cy cng nghip
trong vng g i c cao trnh thp hn phn pha Ty Nam huyn ng H.
(ii) Cung cp nguyn liu th ( vi, t st) cho nh my xi mng, khai
thc v cung ng nguyn liu qung kim loi en, kim lai mu v.v... cho ngnh
cng nghip ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
(iii) Pht trin lm nghip v nng nghip cng l chc nng quan trng ca
Vng.
(i) Do nm vng u ngun cc sng, sui cung cp nc cho vng h du
nn trn a bn vng A.III.1 khng quy hoch cc khu cng nghip, cm cng
nghip c kh nng to lu lng nc thi ln, cha hm lng cao cc cht
nguy hi (cng nghip giy, luyn kim, ho cht, ho du, nhum...)
(ii) i vi cc m kim loi hin hu (Tri Cau, Chm Vung...) cn tp
trung khai thc theo chiu su, hn ch m rng vo cc khu dn c; xy dng

58
cc h cha cht thi c kh nng lu tr qung ph thi, khng chy trn ra
mi trng chung quanh. Kim sot nhim bi v nhim do CTR t cc m.
(iii) M rng din tch rng trng tt c cc vng i ni trc, k c vng
i cc m sau khi khai thc.
(iv) Xem xt, tm kim mt khu vc rng c din tch ln (trn 500 ha)
cc x Vn Lng, Tn Long, Hp Tin.... quy hoch thnh khu bo tn thin
nhin, hoc mc thp hn l khu du lch sinh thi.
(v) Quy hoch pht trin th trn Tri Cau thnh th cp V lm trung tm
pha ng ca huyn ng H. Th trn cn t cc tiu ch v mi trng sau:
Ranh gii t khu dn c tp trung n ranh gii khu vc khai thc m trn
1000m.
T l cy xanh ng ph trn 20% tng din tch t nhin.
C h thng thot nc ma m bo khng th trn b ngp ng vo ma
ma l.
C im thu gom, x l CTR tp trung theo cng ngh chn lp hp v sinh,
nng lc x l 100% CTR th vo nm 2020.
4.2.5. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng i- ni thp ng Nam V Nhai
Vng i ni thp ng Nam V Nhai - Vng A.III.2 c din tch khong
314 km
2
, chim hn 1/3 din tch ton huyn, gm cc x Ph Thng, Phng
Giao, Trng X, Lin Ninh, Dn Tin, Bnh Long, nm pha ng Nam
huyn. Vng ny gip tnh Lng Sn v pha ng Bc v ng; gip tnh Bc
Giang v pha Nam; gip vng i ni thp ng H (A.III.1) v pha Ty Nam;
gip vng thung lng nh C (A. VI.1) v pha Ty Bc .
Chc nng mi trng c bn ca vng ny l bo tn v pht trin h sinh
thi rng trn vng t cao, i ni v cc h sinh thi nng nghip trong cc
vng t thp, thung lng.
nh hng chung
Duy tr v pht trin h sinh thi rng trn t i ni, nhm nng cao
che ph rng, bo v t, chng xi mn trn lu vc.
Duy tr v pht trin h sinh thi nng nghip trong cc thung lng cung
cp nng lng v nguyn liu dng th, nhm m bo i sng cho c dn
trong vng.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng

59
(i) Nghin cu xc nh mt khu vc i ni cn rng t nhin x Dn
Tin quy hoch thnh khu BTTN. Khu BTTN ny c din tch khong 200 -
300 ha, c trng cho h sinh thi i ni thp ng Bc Thi Nguyn.
(ii) Quy hoch m rng din tch rng, m bo che ph rng trn
60% ton vng trc 2020.
(iii) Khng quy hoch cc KCN, CCN vng ny.
4.2.6. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni vi V Nhai
Vng ni vi V Nhai (vng A.V.2) gm cc khi ni v dy ni vi
trn a bn cc x Thn Sa, Thng Nung, Cc ng v mt phn din tch
pha ng Nam x Sng Mc, cng vi di ni vi pha Bc thung lng nh
C. Vng ny c din tch 222,1 km
2
, pha Bc gip vng ni thp ng Bc V
Nhai (A.IV.1); pha ng gip huyn Bc Sn, tnh Lng Sn; pha Nam gip
vng thung lng nh C (A.VI.1); pha Ty gip vng i ni thp ng H
(A.III.1) v huyn Ch Mi - tnh Bc Cn. y l vng c a hnh him tr,
mc pht trin thp hn so vi cc vng khc ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
Bo tn kiu rng kn thng xanh nhit i gi ma trn ni vi vi h
ng thc vt qu him, bo tn ngun gien v h sinh thi rng c o vng
ny, cng l vn rng qu ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
nh hng chung
Nhim v quan trng v cp thit trong bo v mi trng i vi vng
ni vi V Nhai l quy hoch bo v cc khu rng t nhin trn ni vi
cn st li (c tnh Thi Nguyn ch cn li khong 9.400ha rng nguyn sinh,
trong V Nhai chim din tch ng k).
Quy hoch khu BTTN Thn Sa
quy hoch khu BTTN Thn Sa c Nh nc cng nhn a vo h
thng cc khu BTTN Vit Nam cn c cc nghin cu chi tit sau:
Kim k, xc nh v a dng sinh hc: din tch rng, danh mc cc loi
thc vt, danh mc cc loi ng vt hoang d; cc loi c hu, cc loi b e
da, gi tr v DSH.
Xc nh cc vng li, vng m, vng chuyn tip.
Xc nh t chc qun l v bo tn.


60
Quy hoch pht trin cng nghip khong sn
Vng ny c nhiu loi khong sn qu. Tuy nhin bo v cc HST t nhin
nn khng quy hoch cc khu vc m st khu BTTN Thn Sa. Khong cch ranh gii
m n ranh gii vng m ca khu bo tn ti thiu 5000m.
Cc m cn lp cc phng n KSN: khu vc khai thc, khu lu tr cht thi,
khu x l cht thi, din tch cy xanh; cng ngh x l bi, n, rung, cht thi.
4.2.7. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni thp ng Bc V Nhai
Vng ni thp V Nhai (A.IV.1) nm pha ng Bc ca huyn V
Nhai, pha Bc v Ty Bc gip huyn Na R v huyn Ch Mi tnh Bc Cn;
pha ng gip huyn Bnh Gia v huyn Bc Sn tnh Lng Sn; pha Ty
Nam gip vng ni vi V Nhai (A.V.2); pha Nam gip vng thung lng
nh C (A.VI.1). y l min ni, vng su ca tnh Thi Nguyn. Din tch
vng l: 279 km
2
.
(i) Chc nng mi trng c bn ca vng ny l phng h u ngun, m bo
ngun sinh thy v duy tr dng chy cho sng Nghinh Tng.
(ii) Chc nng th hai l ni cung cp cc sn phm khai thc t rng, trong c
nguyn liu g ly t rng t nhin sn xut v rng trng sn xut theo quy hoch
ca ngnh nng nghip.
nh hng chung
(i) Cng tc bo v mi trng tp trung vo vic bo v rng u ngun, rng kn
thng xanh ma ma cy l rng trn ni t.
(ii) Khoanh nui, phc hi rng, phc hi h sinh thi rng trn cc vng t trng
trc do khai thc qu mc.
(i) Nghin cu quy hoch mt din tch rng khong 500 ha x Sng Mc lm
khu BTTN. Khu BTTN ny c th lin k, gn kt vi khu BTTN Thn Sa. Trong
tng lai (n 2020) 2 khu BTTN ny hp nht v nng cp thnh Vn Quc gia
(VQG). y s l VQG c trng cho HST rng trn ni vi v trn ni thp
ng Bc Thi Nguyn. Hin nay khu vc ny c din tch rng t nhin ln hn
VQG Tam o thuc huyn i T.
(ii) Khng quy hoch cc KCN, CCN, khu vc khai thc khong sn vng ny.
(iii) Quy hoch h thng cp nc sch, h thng thu gom, x l CTR tng thn,
x, m bo v cp nc v v sinh mi trng vng nng thn.
(iv) Tip tc quy hoch m rng din tch rng t nhin, rng phng h. Hn ch
trng cc loi cy ngoi lai (bch n, keo), u tin pht trin h thc vt bn a.

61
4.2.8. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng thung lng nh C
Vng thung lng nh C (vng A.VI.1) l mt thung lng c din tch
34 km
2
ko di theo phng Ty Nam - ng Bc, nm gia khu vc i ni ca
huyn V Nhai, pha Bc gip vng ni thp ng Bc V Nhai (A.IV.1); pha
Nam gip vng i ni thp ng Nam V Nhai (A.III.2). Ranh gii gia vng
thung lng nh C v cc vng k cn l ranh gii thay i t ngt, c hai pha
Bc v Nam l vch ni dng ng, gia l trng bng thp. ng ranh gii
t nhin ny c hnh thnh do hot ng ca hai t gy kin to a cht ko
di song song theo hng Ty Nam - ng ng Bc trong giai on Mezozoi.
V vy ranh gii ca vng ny khng trng vi ranh gii hnh chnh. Trong vng
ny c th trn huyn l nh C, mt phn cc x Trng X, Lu Thng, La
Hin c quc l 1B Thi Nguyn - ng ng, Lng Sn chy dc theo thung
lng v ng 242 ni th trn nh C vi th trn Hu Lng trn quc l 1A.
Chc nng mi trng ca vng thung lng nh C c xc nh l:
(i) Bo tn cc cnh quan t nhin, hang ng, cha chin phc v tm linh,
pht trin du lch vn ha lch s v du lch sinh thi.
(ii) L vng cung cp nguyn liu khong cho ngnh cng nghip, c bit trong lnh
vc vt liu xy dng.
(iii) L vng pht trin th, nng nghip, cng nghip v dch v
nh hng chung
(i) BVMT trong pht trin th nh C tr thnh trung tm kinh t, vn ho,
thng mi ca huyn V Nhai c h thng bo v mi trng tng i tin tin.
(ii) BVMT cc vng khai thc khong sn, vt liu xy dng ngn nga
nhim mi trng khu vc trung quanh.
(iii) BVMT vng khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin v m bo rng ch khai thc ti
nguyn trong gii hn cho php v khng lm ph v cnh quan t nhin ca vng.
(iv) Pht trin cc khu rng sn xut chung quanh th trn nh C.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng th trn nh C
(i) Ci thin h thng thot nc ca th trn, ngn nga ma, l, ngp ng.
(ii) Xy dng v hot ng Trm x l nc thi th tp trung (cng sut
khong 5.000 m
3
/ngy), t QCVN
(iii) Pht trin h thng cy xanh ng ph, cc cng vin, vn cy trong th
trn, th hin c th ca th min ni.

62
(iv) Ci thin cc cng trnh h tng v nh , ng ph, va h.
(v) Nng cp im x l cht thi th t bi rc h thnh khu (Trung tm) x
l CTR t yu cu v mi trng (trc nm 2020).
(vi) Kim sot nhim do cht thi ch nh C v khu dn c, cht thi
bnh vin, ngn nga b xung sng (hin nay rt ph bin).
4.2.9. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng i - ni thp thng ngun sng
u
Vng i ni thp thng ngun sng u (vng A.III.3) nm ra ng
Bc huyn Ph Lng, gm a phn cc x Yn Trch, Yn Ninh, Yn v
Yn Lc. Mc d 4 x ny thuc huyn Ph Lng, nhng do c im t nhin
khc bit vi cc khu vc khc ca huyn ny, nht l v yu t tri l a hnh,
c trng l i - ni thp, li l u ngun ca sng u, v vy n c tch
ra thnh mt vng chc nng ring trong phm vi ranh gii lnh th ca huyn
Ph Lng, c tn gi l Vng i - ni thp thng ngun sng u, k t
ng bnh 100m tr ln. Vng c din tch 109 km
2
.
Vi v tr c bit l vng ni thp, u ngun ca nhiu nhnh sng sui
thuc lu vc sng Cu, chc nng chnh ca vng l rng phng h u ngun
cc dng sng.
nh hng chung
(i) m bo ngun sinh thy cho cc dng sng bng cch phc hi v pht trin
thm rng trn ni.
(ii) Tip tc trng rng kinh t kt hp rng phng h cc vng i ni khng ph
hp cho canh tc nng nghip l phng thc tt nht trong bo v mi trng i vi
vng ny.
(i) Trong vng ny khng c KCN, CCN, khu th no c UBND tnh quy
hoch, do vy quy hoch BVMT i vi hot ng cng nghip v th cha t ra.
(ii) Tip tc m rng din tch rng u ngun sng Cu. Nghin cu xc nh mt
khu vc rng x Yn Ninh hoc Yn Trch quy hoch thnh rng phng h.
4.2.10. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni thp nh Ha
Vng ni thp nh Ha (vng A.IV.2) nm tn cng pha Bc ca
tnh Thi Nguyn, bao quanh pha Ty thung lng sng Ch Chu, pha Bc gip
huyn Ch n - tnh Bc Cn; pha Ty gip huyn Yn Sn - tnh Tuyn
Quang; pha ng gip vng ni vi nh Ha (A.V.3) v vng thung lng

63
sng Ch Chu (A.VI.2); pha Nam gip vng thng ngun sng Cng (vng
B.VII.1). Vng A.IV.2 gm cc x: Linh Thng, Quy K, Bo Linh, Kim Sn,
Phc Chu. Din tch vng khong 181 km
2
.
Chc nng c bn ca vng A.IV.2 l phng h u ngun v phc hi h
sinh thi rng.
(i) Tip tc phc hi rng t nhin cc trin ni cao, tng cng lc lng
kim lm v da vo cng ng bo v h sinh thi rng v ng vt rng
qu him. Bo v rng, nng cao che ph cng chnh l duy tr v pht trin
kh nng sinh thy, cung cp n nh nc cho sng Ch Chu.
(ii) Pht trin trng rng cc trin ni thp vi cc loi cy ln nhanh, c
gi tr kinh t, c th lm nguyn liu giy, g tr m...., to ra sn phm
hng ha, nhm nng cao i sng thng nht ca c dn a phng.
(iii) Tip tc duy tr din tch t nng nghip vng thung lng, vng t
canh tc hin nay, khng m rng din tch t nng nghip vo t rng.
(iv) Nghin cu thnh lp mt khu BTTN ti vng ny.
(v) Khng quy hoch pht trin cc CCN, KCN trong vng.
4.2.11. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni vi nh Ha
Vng ni vi nh Ha (vng A.V.3) nm pha ng Bc huyn
nh Ha, bao gm cc x Lam V, Tn Thnh, Tn Dng, Phng Tin,
Trung Hi. Pha Bc v ng Bc gip huyn Ch Mi tnh Bc Cn; Pha
ng Nam gip vng i - ni thp thng ngun sng u (A.III.3), Pha Ty
Bc gip vng ni thp nh Ha (A.IV.2); Pha Ty Nam gip vng thung lng
Ch Chu (A.VI.2). Din tch vng khong 153 km
2
.
(i) Bo v, bo tn thm rng kn thng xanh cy l rng trn ni vi vi
cc loi cy rng qu nh d, gai, ngt, lt, sao, sa mu ... Qua bo tn ngun
gien, tnh a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn rng trn vi.
(ii) Rng phng h u ngun ca h thng sng Ch Chu, gp phn quan
trng vo vic duy tr dng chy thng xuyn ca sng.
(iii) Phc hi h sinh thi rng v che ph rng trn ni vi, cung cp
cc sn phm phi g ly t rng cho cng ng a phng.
(iv) Bo v cc khu t ngp nc trong thung lng gia cc khi ni vi.

64
(i) Tip tc pht trin thm rng kn thng xanh cy l rng trn ni vi
vi cc loi cy rng qu nh d, gai, ngt, lt, sao, sa mu ... cc trin ni cao,
kt hp hot ng phc hi rng vi tng cng lc lng kim lm v da vo
cng ng bo v rng.
(ii) Phc hi h sinh thi rng t nhin trn ni vi, va bo tn ngun
gien v tnh a dng sinh hc, va cung cp cc sn phm phi g ly t rng cho
cng ng cc dn tc a phng.
(iii) Pht trin trng rng cc trin ni thp vi cc loi cy c gi tr kinh
t, c th lm nguyn liu giy, g tr m v,v... to ra sn phm hng ha, nng
cao i sng cho c dn trong vng.
(iv) Nghin cu, la chn mt khu rng t nhin c cht lng tt, din tch
lin khong trn 500 ha quy hoch thnh mt trong cc khu BTTN trng
im ca tnh Thi Nguyn tham gia mng li cc khu BTTN quc gia.
4.2.12. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng thung lng thng ngun sng
ch Chu
Vng thung lng thng ngun Sng Ch Chu (Vng A.VI.2) gm th
trn Ch Chu, cc x Kim Sn, Kim Phng, Bo Cng, ng Thnh, nh
Bin. Pha Bc v pha Ty gip vng ni thp nh Ha (A.IV.2); pha Nam
gip vng thng ngun sng Cng (B.VII.1); pha ng gip vng ni vi
nh Ha (A.V.3). Vng A.VI.2 l mt vng thung lng tng i rng, c
nhiu cnh ng ln, c h thng ng b chy dc ngang, li l khu vc trung
tm ca huyn nh Ha, nn c iu kin pht trin hn so vi vng ni thp
v cc khu vc khc ca nh Ha. Din tch vng 39,94 km
2
.
Thung lng thng ngun sng Ch Chu vi th trn Ch Chu, l khu vc
trung tm ca huyn nh Ha. Chc nng c bn ca vng ny l ni cho c
dn th v c dn nng thn.
Chc nng th 2 l ni sn xut, cung cp phn ch yu lng thc, thc
phm cho nhn dn huyn nh Ha, cung cp g rng trng lm nguyn liu
sn xut giy.
Gp phn m bo cht lng nc v ngun nc mt duy tr lu
lng trung bnh nm ca sng Ch Chu mc 3m
3
/s.
nh hng chung

65
(i) Quy hoch BVMT trong xy dng, pht trin TT Ch Chu thnh th
loi IV (hin l th loi V) lm trung tm kinh t, thng mi, vn ho ca
vng ng Bc Thi Nguyn.
(ii) Bo v mi trng nc, gi cho nc sng Ch Chu c cht lng tt,
p ng tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam.
(iii) Duy tr vn rng trng v m rng din tch trng rng l gii php hu
hiu va to ra sn phm hng ha, nng cao i sng nhn dn, va ngn
chn dng chy mt vo ma ma, chng xi mn ra tri t, gy bi lp t
canh tc nng nghip trong vng.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng th trn Ch Chu
Ci to h thng h tng v nh ca khu th hin hu: m bo cp nc
sch cho 100% h gia nh; t l cy xanh/ngi trn 20 m
2
.
Xy dng khu cng vin, cy xanh lm khu vn ho, du lch sinh thi x ven
th trn.
Ci to, nng cp khu x l CTR hin hu, x l theo phng php chn lp
hp v sinh.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng nng thn
Tip tc ph xanh t trng i trc u tin pht trin thm thc vt bn a.
Xy dng h thng cp nc sch, m bo 80% s h c s dng nc
sch trc 2020.
Lp cc im thu gom, x l CTR cho tng x: mi im khong 1.000 -
2.000 m2, cch khu dn c lin k trn 500m.
4.2.13. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng th Tp.Thi Nguyn
TP Thi Nguyn l tnh l tnh Thi Nguyn, cch trung tm TP H Ni
gn 70km v pha Bc. Vng th TP Thi Nguyn (vng A.IX.1) gip vng
B.VII.2 - huyn i T v pha Bc; vng A.I.3 - huyn Ph Lng v vng
A.I.2 - huyn ng H v pha Bc; gip vng B.VIII.1 h Ni Cc - huyn i
T v pha Ty; pha Nam gip vng B.IX.1 - TX Sng Cng; pha ng gip
vng A.I.1 - huyn Ph Bnh.
TP Thi Nguyn l th loi II, l trung tm kinh t, vn ha, khoa hc -
k thut ca tnh, l trung tm thu ht v ng lc pht trin kinh t i vi cc
vng khc ca tnh Thi Nguyn. TP Thi Nguyn cng l trung tm KH-KT,
vn ho, kinh t ln nht vng TD-MN Bc B Vit Nam. Din tch vng
177,07 km
2
, dn s trn 235.600 ngi (2009).

66
(i) Chc nng mi trng ch yu ca TP Thi Nguyn l mt th trung
tm ng thi l khu tp trung cng nghip ln, l ng lc pht trin ca ton
tnh Thi Nguyn v ton vng Trung du Min ni Bc B. S pht trin ca c
tnh Thi Nguyn ph thuc vo s pht trin ca th trung tm ny.
(ii) Chc nng th hai ca th thnh ph ny l ni tip nhn cc ngun
nguyn liu, vt liu v lao ng t nhng vng khc trong tnh cung cp,
ch bin nguyn liu, sn xut ra nhng loi hng ha cht lng cao, c bit l
sn phm cng nghip, cung cp cho cc vng ca tnh v cc th trng
trong nc v nc ngoi.
(iii) Thnh ph Thi Nguyn c c trng bng h sinh thi th. l h
sinh thi nhn tc l ch yu. Chc nng mi trng ca vng th Thi
Nguyn l ni tp trung nhiu c s cng nghip v xy dng, tp trung dn c
mc cao, tiu th nhiu nng lng v nguyn vt vt liu ly t mi trng,
ng thi x thi ra cc cht thi nn i hi phi c nhng gii php KSN.
nh hng chung
(i) Quy hoch mi bo v trng (km theo cc gii php khc v BVMT)
cn hng ti mc tiu trng tm l bo v mi trng khng kh, t ai v
mi trng nc sng Cu.
(ii) Gim sc p gia tng dn s c bit l gia tng dn s c hc do dng
ngi t cc khu vc nng thn ln, t cc vng khc n th Thi Nguyn
tm kim vic lm. Qun l dn s trong sc chu ti ca qu t th .
(iii) To mi trng sng c cht lng cao theo tiu ch Xanh-Sch-p
cho th trung tm ca tnh.
Do thnh ph Thi Nguyn l trung tm th v cng nghip ln nht
ca tnh nn nh hng quy hoch bo v mi trng ca TP c th hin chi
tit ti mc 4.4.
4.3. CHC NNG MI TRNG V QUY HOCH BO V MI
TRNG THEO LU VC SNG CNG
4.3.1. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng g i Ph Yn
Vng g i Ph Yn (Vng B.I.1) nm pha Nam tnh Thi Nguyn,
chim phn ln din tch huyn Ph Yn tr x Phc Tn (thuc vng h Ni
Cc, B.VIII.1), pha Bc gip TX Sng Cng; pha ng Bc gip huyn Ph
Bnh; pha ng Nam gip huyn Hip Ha - tnh Bc Giang; pha Ty Nam
gip TP H Ni; pha Ty Bc gip huyn i T. Din tch vng 222,18 km
2
.

67
Vng g i Ph Yn, c trng bng h sinh thi nng nghip nng
thn v thm rng trng. Chc nng mi trng c bn ca vng ny l ni sinh
sng vi mt dn s cao, ni sn xut lng thc, thc phm, ng thi cung
cp ngun nguyn liu th cho cng nghip ch bin cc sn phm nng nghip
v g rng trng cho sn xut giy.
(i) Duy tr v tip tc pht trin h sinh thi nng nghip nng thn khu
vc t bng, thp t cung cp lng thc, thc phm cho ni vng v gp
phn m bo an ninh lng thc cho tnh.
(ii) Pht trin thm rng trng trn cc trin i bng cc loi cy keo va
ci to t rng, va cung cp nguyn liu giy cho cng nghip.
(iii) Ngn nga xi mn t cc vng g i.
(iv) Trong xy dng c s h tng cho khu cng nghip (Ty Ph Yn) theo
quy hoch, cn c bit ch phn vng cc loi hnh CN v xy dng trm x
l nc thi tp trung hn ch nhim mi trng.
(v) Quy hoch pht trin cc th theo hng th sinh thi vi t l cy
xanh cao, h thng h tng thu gom, x l nc thi, cht thi rn m bo v
sinh mi trng.
4.3.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni thp ng Bc dy Tam o
Vng ni thp ng Bc Tam o (Vng B.IV.1) nm ra ng Nam
ca tnh Thi Nguyn, gm sn ng Bc ca dy ni Tam o, tnh t ng
phn thu phn chia ranh gii vi tnh Vnh Phc, xung thp dn n ng
bnh 200m. Vng ny bao gm khu vc a hnh ni ca cc x Ph Xuyn,
La Bng, Hong Nng, M Yn, Vn Yn, K Ph, Ct N, Qun Chu. y
cng l khu vc nm trong vng m ca Vn Quc gia (VQG) Tam o trn
a phn tnh Thi Nguyn. Din tch 131 km
2
.
Chc nng mi trng ca vng ny l bo v, bo tn cc ti nguyn
thin nhin, bao gm ti nguyn thc vt vi cc kiu thm rng in hnh ca
vng chuyn tip gia ng bng v trung du min ni; bo v cc ti nguyn
ng vt, c bit l cc loi th qu him ghi trong Sch ca Vit Nam;
bo v ngun gien v a dng sinh hc. Bo v sn ng Bc dy ni Tam
o cng l bo v ngun sinh thy cho h thng sng Cng.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng ni thp sn ng Bc dy ni Tam

68
o (vng B.IV.1) tp trung vo cc mc tiu:
(i) Khng xm hi n VQG Tam o trn a phn tnh Thi Nguyn.
Khng quy hoch bt c d n pht trin dn c, th, cng nghip, giao
thng, sn golf, nng nghip no trong phm vi ca vng ny.
(ii) M rng din tch trng rng, pht trin du lch sinh thi (quy m nh)
v.v... nhm nng cao i sng ca nhn dn a phng.
4.3.3. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng thng ngun sng Cng
Vng thng ngun Sng Cng (Vng B.VII.1) nm pha Nam ca
huyn nh Ha bao gm cc x: Bnh Thanh, Bc Nhin, Ph nh, Sn Ph,
im Mc, Bnh Yn, Trung Lng, Ph Tin. Pha Bc gip cc x Thanh nh,
inh Bin, Trung Hi nm u ngun sng Ch Chu (vng A.V.II.2) thuc
huyn nh Ha. Pha ng gip huyn Ph Lng (vng A.I.3), pha Nam gip
vng B.VII.2 - huyn i T, pha Ty gip tnh Tuyn Quang (Hnh 24). y l
vng su, vng xa ca tnh Thi Nguyn. Vng c din tch khong 151 km
2
.
Vng B.VII.1 c xc nh l vng u ngun sng Cng vi hai h sinh
thi c trng l h sinh thi rng trn vng i - ni thp v h sinh thi nng
nghip trong vng thung lng lng cho.
H sinh thi rng l ni bo tn a dng sinh hc, m bo cung cp
ngun sinh thu cho sng Cng, duy tr hot ng bnh thng ca dng sng
ny, nhm m bo lng nc cho h Ni Cc v nhu cu s dng nc cho
vng h du.
H sinh thi nng nghip c chc nng c bn l cung cp sn phm nng
nghip cho mi mt i sng x hi ca c dn trong vng v to ra hng ho
trao i vi cc vng khc. Mt nhim v quan trng ca vng ny l cc hot
ng nng nghip cn c qun l tt v mi trng sao cho khng lm
nhim ngun nc sng Cng v bo tn h sinh thi rng trong vng.
(i) Duy tr che ph ca thm rng t nhin trong vng trn 70% m
bo chc nng rng phng h u ngun sng Cng.
(ii) Pht trin rng trng vi cc loi cy ln nhanh, c tn rng thnh kiu
rng kinh t - phng h, va khai thc lun phin theo quy hoch cung cp
nguyn liu cho sn xut giy, thu li nhun, va gp phn phng h u ngun
sng Cng.
(iii) Khng quy hoch pht trin cc KCN v c s khai thc khong sn u
ngun sng Cng.

69
(iv) Quy hoch nng cp Khu Di tch An ton khu (ATK) ti x Ph Bnh.
4.3.4. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng trung lu sng Cng
Vng trung lu sng Cng (Vng B.VII.2) nm phn pha Bc ca
huyn i T. Pha Bc gip vng B.VII.1 trn a phn huyn nh Ho. Pha
ng gip vng g i Ph Lng A.I.3. Pha Nam gip vng B.VIII.1 - h Ni
Cc. Pha Ty gip vng B.IV.1- Vn Quc gia Tam o. Vng ny chim
gn nh ton b na phn pha Bc ca huyn i T gm cc x khu vc
trung lu sng Cng: Minh Tin, Phc Lng, c Lng, Ph Cng, Ph
Lc, Yn Lng, Na Mao, Ph Xuyn, Ph Thnh, Bn Ngoi, Tin Hi, Tn
Linh, Phc Linh, La Bng, H Thng, C Vn, An Khnh, Khi K, Hng
Sn, th trn i T. Din tch vng khong 455km
2
.
(i) Thm thc vt rng t nhin v rng trng tt, che ph ln, m bo
chc nng phng h, gi nc cho lu vc sng Cng.
(ii) Mng li sng sui dy c trong vng bt ngun t dy ni Tam o l
h thng sinh thy quan trng, lin tc b sung nc cho h Ni Cc v sng
Cng ni chung.
(iii) Ti nguyn khong sn phong ph v a dng to cho vng ny chc
nng cung cp nguyn liu khong, lm tin pht trin mnh ngnh cng
nghip khai khong ca tnh Thi Nguyn.
(i) Lp cc khu vc khai thc khong sn cch xa khu dn c (trn 1.000 m).
Mi khu vc khai thc kim loi mu u c khu tp trung x l cht thi rn
cng nghip, CTR nguy hi.
(ii) Duy tr, phc hi vn rng t nhin; pht trin, b sung trng rng kinh t
vi cc loi cy thch hp va em li li ch kinh t, va gp phn duy tr
ngun nc cho h thng sng Cng. Trong trng hp cc KCN, khu khai thc
khong sn chim dng t rng th phi trng rng n b (bng din tch rng
b chim dng). m bo che ph rng trong vng trn 50%.
(iii) Khng quy hoch pht trin cc khu dn c, KCN vo vng rng ven ni
Tam o.
(iv) Quy hoch h thng thot, x l nc thi, h thng cy xanh ng ph,
h thng thu gom x l CTR th trn i T KSN mi trng th.
4.3.5. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng h Ni Cc
Vng h Ni Cc (vng B.VIII.1) thuc a phn huyn i T, bao
gm lng h Ni Cc v lu vc xung quanh h, nm khong gia ca dng

70
sng Cng. Vng ny gm mt phn din tch cc x: Lc Ba, Vn Yn, K
Phc, Tn Thi, Vn Th, Ct N, Qun Chu, Phc Xun, Phc Triu, Phc
Tn, Phc Thun. Vng B.VIII.1 gip vng B.VII.2 - Trung lu sng Cng v
pha Bc; gip vng A.IX.1- Thnh ph Thi Nguyn v pha ng; gip vng
B.IX.1- Th x sng Cng v pha Nam; gip vng B.IV.1- ni thp sn ng
Bc dy ni Tam o v pha Ty.
Vng B.VIII.1 gm 2 hp phn l 2 tiu vng, tuy c c im khc nhau,
nhng lin quan mt thit vi nhau, l lng h v lu vc h. Lng h Ni
Cc l mt thu vc nc ngt nhn to, hnh thnh do vic xy p, chn dng
sng Cng, ly nc phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Lu vc h l
phn t bao quanh h, l bn thu nc trc tip vo h, c tnh t b h
n ng phn thu vi cc khu vc k cn. Din tch vng h Ni Cc l
125,98km
2
.
Vng h Ni Cc l vng c h sinh thi thu vc ln nht trong tnh Thi
Nguyn. Chc nng mi trng ch yu ca vng ny l duy tr, lu gi, bo v
ti nguyn nc, m bo ngun nc mt phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc
nhau: ti cy nng nghip, cy cng nghip, cp nc cho cc th v pht
trin du lch sinh thi.
(i) Duy tr v pht huy chc nng ca vng l lu gi ti nguyn nc, m
bo s lng v cht lng nc p ng cc nhu cu s dng nc cho nng
nghip v cp nc cho cc th.
(ii) Tip tc pht trin trng rng kinh t, kt hp rng phng h trn cc
trin i trong lu vc h v giao khon rng cho dn qun l khai thc lun
phin sn phm hng ha, nng cao i sng ngi dn, ng thi ngn chn
qu trnh xi mn, ra tri t, dn n bi lp lng h, lm gim tui th ca
h Ni Cc. m bo che ph rng trn 60% din tch t lin.
(iii) Quy hoch khu du lch sinh thi H Ni Cc bao gm din tch khu du
lch hin nay v m rng ra cc khu vc trung quanh.
(iv) Quy hoch s dng phn mt nc h:
Pht trin cc im du lch, th thao di nc ven h, cu lc b du thuyn ti
cc v tr thch hp. Cc im du lch ny u phi c h thng nh v sinh, thot, x
l nc thi, khng x trc tip nc thi cha x l t QCVN vo h.
Pht trin nui thu sn vi din tch v s lng thch hp m bo khng
gy nhim nc h.

71
4.3.6. Quy hoch bo v mi trng vng th sng Cng
Vng th TX Sng Cng (vng B.IX.1) - nm pha Nam tnh, im
trung tm c ta a l : 21
0
28
v Bc, 105
0
51
kinh ng, pha Bc

gip TP Thi Nguyn, 3 pha ng, Nam, Ty u gip huyn Ph Yn (vng
B.I.1). TX Sng Cng nm trn trc QL3 H Ni i Cao Bng, gn k tuyn
ng st H Ni - Qun Triu, tip gip thnh ph Thi Nguyn, gn TP H
Ni.
TX Sng Cng c chia thnh 2 tiu vng r rt: tiu vng ni th v tiu
vng nng thn ngoi vi. Din tch vng ny l 83,687 km
2
, dn s 49.447
ngi.
Chc nng mi trng c bn ca vng th Sng Cng l ni tp trung
c s cng nghip v xy dng, tp trung dn c mc cao. Do vy vng ny
ang v s l vng tiu th nhiu nng lng v nguyn vt vt liu ly t mi
trng, ng thi x thi ra mi trng cc cht thi gy nhim mi trng tc
hi n sc khe v cc h sinh thi t nhin.
nh hng chung
(i) Ngn nga nhim do hot dng cc c s sn xut trong KCN, bo v
cht lng nc sng Cng v cht lng khng kh khu th, khu dn c.
(ii) Xy dng TX Sng Cng thnh khu th cng nghip t tiu ch
"Xanh-Sch-p ".
(i) Quy hoch bo v mi trng cc KCN mi trong TX Sng Cng:
- Tp trung xy dng cc KCN c quy hoch, hn ch m rng vo t th,
t nng nghip
- Khong cch ti thiu t ranh gii KCN n khu dn c tp trung trn 500m
- Mi KCN u c trm x l nc thi tp trung. Nc thi sau khi x l cn t
QCVN v nc thi cng nghip.
(ii) Quy hoch bo v mi trng khu th TX Sng Cng.
(iii) m bo h thng thot nc thi: tch ring khi nc ma. Ton b
nc thi c a v Trm X l nc thi th tp trung.
Xy dng cc cng vin trong th x. Trng cc gii cy xanh ngn cch KCN
v khu th .

72
Trng rng b sung, ph xanh cc i trc, t trng trong khu vc TX, m
bo t l che ph cy xanh trn 40% din tch TX.
Trng cy xanh dc cc tuyn ph v ng th, ng nng thn trn a
bn th x (hin nay phn ln cc ng ph ca TX khng c cy xanh hoc mt
cy xanh rt thp).
Xy dng mt trung tm x l v ti ch CTR ti x Tn Quang.
4.4. QUY HOCH BO V MI TRNG MT S NGNH LNH
VC TRNG IM
4.4.1. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong quy hoch pht trin h thng
th tnh Thi Nguyn
Mc tiu BVMT mi trng i vi cc th ca tnh Thi Nguyn, trc
ht l i vi TP. Thi Nguyn v TX. Sng Cng l: xy dng cc th theo
hng th sinh thi. tr thnh th sinh thi, quy hoch BVMT TP. Thi
Nguyn v TX. Sng Cng (tip theo s l cc th trn cp huyn) cn theo cc
nh hng sau:
- Mt dn s cc khu trung tm di 5000 ngi/km2.
- H thng cp nc sch m bo cp nc n tng h gia nh vi nh
mc trung bnh trn 150L/ngi/ngy.
- Tch ring h thng thot nc ma vi thot nc v x l nc thi
sinh hot. Trc nm 2020, trn 50% lu lng nc thi th c x l tp
trung t QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT v sau nm 2020, 80% lu lng nc thi
th c thu gom, x l tp trung t QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT.
- Tng din tch v s lng cng trnh cng vin, cy xanh ng ph,
m bo che ph cy xanh cc khu trung tm trn 10m2/ngi.
- Khng kh khu vc th t TCVN/QCVN v cht lng khng kh,
n t QCVN i vi khu dn c v khu dn c xen ln vi khu thng mi.
- Cht lng nc cc sng Cu, sng Cng t QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT
i vi ngun loi A2, h ni Cc t QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT i vi ngun
loi A1.
- H thng cc nh v sinh cng cng sch s, m bo b tr rng khp
cc khu ph, khu vui chi, gii tr, nh hng, trng hc, vn phng, bn xe
- m bo li sng th vn minh, thn thin vi mi trng.
tng bc t c cc tiu ch ca th sinh thi, quy hoch bo v
mi trng phi gn kt vi quy hoch pht trin th theo mt s ni dung u
tin di y.
4.4.1.1. Quy hoch thot, x l nc thi cc th tnh Thi Nguyn
nh hng

73
n nm 2020 TP. Thi Nguyn, TX. Sng Cng c h thng thot nc
thi tch ring khi h thng nc ma. X l 50% lu lng nc thi th
t Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh hot (QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT).
Trong cc nm trc nm 2015 vn s dng h thng thot nc chung cho
nc thi sinh hot v nc ma khu ni thnh c. T nm 2015 n 2020,
tng bc tch ring thnh 2 h thng cho thot nc ma v thot nc thi.
i vi nhng khu vc pht trin mi ngay t khi thit k v xy dng cn
tch ring h thng thot nc thi v nc ma. Cc bin php x l cc b
(nc thi sinh hot tng khu th vn l cc gii php u tin).
Cc phng n
Quy hoch x l tp trung nc thi th TP. Thi Nguyn v TX Sng
Cng theo nhiu phng n:
Phng n di hn (sau 2020 n 2030)
Tch ring h thng thot nc thi v nc ma, a nc thi v 2 - 3
trm x l tp trung quy m trung bnh, p ng x l n 90% nc thi th
ca TP. Thi Nguyn. Trm x l tp trung cn c xy dng khu vc c a
hnh thp, gn sng Cu . i vi TX. Sng Cng sau nm 2020 cc trm x l
nc thi tp trung cng cn m bo x l trn 80% nc thi th .
Phng n trung hn (2015 - 2020)
Khi cha c iu kin xy dng nhiu trm x l tp trung cho ton th,
cn xy dng tng bc h thng cng thot v cc trm x l nc thi cho cc
phng ni thnh v cc khu th mi. i vi TP. Thi Nguyn trong giai
on ny tp trung xy dng v vn hnh 1 Trm x l tp trung cng sut
khong 20.000 m
3
/ngy.m pha Nam thnh ph Thi Nguyn, m bo x l
nc thi cho khong trn 50% dn s TP. i vi TX. Sng Cng cn xy
dng v vn hnh th im mt trm x l nc thi cng sut 10.000 - 15.000
m
3
/ngy.m.
Phng n ngn hn (2010 -2015)
Tip tc ci thin cc h thng x l nc thi cc b cc h gia nh, khu
dn c. Cc khu th mi phi c im x l nc thi cc b; tip tc no vt
sng, ci thin h thng thot nc ca thnh ph.
Trin khai D n thot nc v x l nc thi khu trung tm pha Bc thnh
ph Thi Nguyn (gm 9 phng).
4.4.1.2. X l nc thi cng nghip
Nc thi cng nghip trn a bn TP. Thi Nguyn (v cc ni khc) cn
c x l cc b ti tng nh my loi b cc cht nhim c c tnh cao

74
v du m sau a v trm x l nc thi tp trung ca tng KCN. Cc
trm x l nc thi ny do cc cng ty u t h tng KCN t u t, qun l
v thu ph.
4.4.1.3. Cng ngh x l nc thi
i vi nc thi th
Trong giai on 2010-2020 cng ngh sinh hc (bn hot tnh, oxy ha tng
cng ...) vn l cng ngh cn c p dng cc trm x l nc thi tp
trung ti thnh ph Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v cc th trn.
i vi nc thi cng nghip
Mi KCN hoc nh my ngoi KCN cn c trm x l nc thi CN t
QCVN. Cng ngh c bn cn c p dng l ha-l kt hp sinh hc: tch
du m, trung ha, keo t, loi b cc kim loi nng v cc cht c khc sau
a nc thi vo h thng x l theo cng ngh sinh hc tung t nh x l
nc thi sinh hot.
4.4.1.4. Quy hoch v xy dng h thng thu gom, x l cht thi rn th
Vi tc pht trin h thng th nhanh chng, khi lng cht thi rn
(CTR) th s tng nhanh trong giai on 2010 - 2020 v cc nm tip theo.
ngn nga nhim mi trng cc th t loi II (TP.Thi Nguyn) n
loi V (cc th trn, huyn) u phi quy hoch, xy dng v vn hnh cc
Trung tm x l CTR hp v sinh.
Mc tiu:
- X l hp v sinh 80% khi lng CTR th vo nm 2020 v 100%
vo nm 2030.
- X l 100% khi lng CTR CN, CTR nguy hi vo nm 2020.
- m bo gim thiu n mc thp nht tc ng do pht thi, vn chuyn,
x l CTR n sc khe nhn dn, cht lng mi trng, cnh quan v cc
ngnh kinh t.
t c 3 mc tiu v qun l CTR nu trn t nay n nm 2020 trn
a bn tnh cn c :
- Mt trung tm x l CTR cng nghip v CTR nguy hi c quy m ln
nng lc tn tr v x l CTR cng nghip v CTR nguy hi trn 30 nm.
- Hai trung tm x l CTR sinh hot cp tnh c nng lc tn tr v x l
CTR th v sinh hot trn 30 nm.
- Mi huyn, th x c mt trung tm x l CTR sinh hat cp huyn c
nng lc tn tr v x l CTR th sinh hot trn 20 nm.

75
Cng ngh x l CTR
S Xy dng v cc cng ty mi trng th, cng ty dch v x l cht
thi phi hp vi cc n v trong, ngoi nc nghin cu la chn cng ngh
thu gom, x l CTR sinh hat, CTR cng nghip, CTNH ph hp vi mc tiu
bo v mi trng v kh nng u t.
Trong giai on 2010 - 2020 cng ngh chn lp hp v sinh (c cc lp lt
h chn rc v c h thng x l nc, rc t QCVN l ph hp. Tuy nhin
cc cng ngh ti ch (phn compost) cn c p dng kt hp .
T sau 2020 cng ngh t CTR v chuyn rc thnh nng lng cn c
p dng cc trung tm x l CTR tnh.
4.4.1.5. Quy hoch h thng cng vin cy xanh cc th
Mc d Thi Nguyn l tnh c t l che ph rng ln (48% din tch t
nhin l rng), tuy nhin khu vc ni thnh cc TP, TX, th trn din tch cy
xanh ng ph v cng vin cn thp.
nh hng quy hoch h thng cy xanh TP. Thi Nguyn v TX. Sng
Cng theo cc tiu ch sau:
- Din tch cy xanh trn u ngi khu vc cc phng ni thnh: trn
10m2/ngi vo nm 2020.
- Khu vc pht trin cy xanh: trn 80% di cc tuyn ph c trng
cy thn g c tn rng, to bng mt v iu tit kh hu, gim thiu nhim
khng kh. M thm cc cng vin quy m trung bnh (1,0 - 5,0 ha) n ln
(trn 5,0 ha) ti khu vc ven sng Cu, ven h ni Cc (TP. Thi Nguyn v khu
vc ven sng Cng TX. Sng Cng) v cc cng vin quy m nh (di 1,0
ha) cc th trn.
- Lp hnh lang cy xanh c rng trn 10m, mt cy xanh dy ngn
cch KCN, CCN vi khu dn c xung quanh ( cc ni c iu kin v t).
- Ph xanh ton b cc i trc cc x ngoi th, ngoi thnh.
4.4.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong quy hoch pht trin giao thng
Vic pht trin cc ng cao tc (H Ni - Thi Nguyn), ng H Ch
Minh (Ha Lc - Thi Nguyn - Bc Cn), quc l 1B, quc l 3 ni Thi
Nguyn vi TP. H Ni v cc tnh mt mt to iu kin thun li cho y
mnh CNH, th ha, mt khc s a n cc tc ng xu n cht lng
mi trng:
- Gia tng nhim do kh thi t phng tin giao thng v bi ng.
- Gia tng n.
- Gim din tch rng.

76
- Ngn cn dng chy c th gy ngp ng cc b.
Quy hoch bo v mi trng i vi cc ng cao tc, quc l Thi
Nguyn c nh hng nh sau:
- Khng quy hoch v xy dng cc cng trnh nhy cm vi n (bnh vin,
trng hc, nh th, n cha) trong khong cch 200m cch mp ng.
- Khng quy hoch cc khu dn x, khu thng mi trong khong cch 50m cch
mp ng cao tc H Ni - Thi Nguyn v cc ng cao tc khc ( khng ch
ngn nga nhim ting n m cn phng trnh tai nn giao thng).
- Hn ch quy hoch cc khu dn c thng mi ven cc quc l, tnh l.
- No vt, khi thng dng chy ti cc sui, knh, mng dc tuyn ng xy
dng; xy dng cc cng thot nc ng v tr cn thit v c kch thc ph hp
vic lu thng dng chy bnh thng.
- Khng m tuyn ng xuyn qua cc khu BTTN, rng phng h c bit l
khng m ng cao tc, ng quc l, tnh l i qua vng m ca VQG Tam o,
khu BTTN Thn Sa, cc khu di tch lch s cch mng (ATK nh Ha).
4.4.3. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong pht trin cng nghip v khong
sn
4.4.3.1. Quy hoch BVMT trong pht trin CN v cc t hp KCN- th
nhim v suy thoi mi trng do hot ng cng nghip luyn kim, c
kh, giy, vt liu xy dng v khai thc khong sn tnh Thi Nguyn l vn
tn ti nhiu nm v c th tip tc gia tng trong thi gian ti. Hu qu
ca nhim cng nghip l r rng. Do vy, quy hoch BVMT trong pht trin
CN, t hp KCN- th theo cc nh hng di y:
(i) Quy hoch cc KCN, CCN v tng nh my phi m bo khong cch an
ton n khu dn c (khong cch an ton ny ph thuc vo c im loi hnh sn
xut, cng sut, cng ngh ca KCN, nh my). Theo nh hng ny cc nh my
cc ha, luyn, cn thp, xi mng, giy, c bit cc nh my quc phng (sn xut
thuc phng, thuc n) phi cch ranh gii khu dn c tp trung trn 1.000m.
(ii) Cn xem xt la chn loi hnh cng nghip ph hp vi hin trng v quy
hoch pht trin th, s dng ti nguyn nc, du lch, bo tn thin nhin ca vng
chung quanh.
(iii) i vi mi loi hnh CN cn la chn cc cng ngh sn xut thn thin vi
mi trng: gim tiu hao nng lng, nguyn liu, nc, to ra t cht thi (c bit
i vi CN luyn kim, giy, vt liu xy dng c th chn nhiu loi cng ngh to
ra sn phm cht lng cao, nng sut cao nhng gim cht thi).
(iv) Cc c s sn xut CN, khai khong phi c cc h thng, x l kh thi, nc
thi, cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi t yu cu ca cc QCVN.

77
Da vo cc bi hc rt ra t nguyn nhn gy nhim v suy thoi mi
trng do cc c s cng nghip cc nh hng chnh v quy hoch bo v mi
trng cn c gn kt vo quy hoch pht trin tng KCN, CCN, ngnh CN
trn c s a bn tnh Thi Nguyn. Cc xut ny c nu ct 7 trong
Bng 4.1, trong xem xt v:
(i) V tr, din tch tng KCN, CCN l ph hp hoc cn iu chnh.
(ii) Cc bin php cn p dng gim thiu tc ng mi trng nu v tr ca
KCN, CCN khng th thay i.
(iii) Cc xut v t chc qun l mi trng, KSN.
Quy hoch BVMT i vi cc t hp KCN - th c nu Bng 4.2

77
Bng 4.1. xut mt s quy hoch bo v mi trng i vi cc khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020
TT Tn KCN V tr
Din tch
(ha)
Tnh cht -
chc nng
Ghi ch Quy hoch bo v mi trng
1 KCN Nam
Ph Yn
- Khu A din
tch 50 ha
- Khu B din
tch 100 ha
- Khu C din
tch 50 ha
Huyn
Ph Yn
(x
Thun
Thnh,
Trung
Thnh)
200 Lp rp t,
c kh, in
t, Ch bin
thc phm,
ung; git m
gia sc, gia
cm; ch bin
thc n
nhanh; ch
bin rau, c;
ha dc;
dng c y t,
dng c th y;
dt may, da
giy, th cng
m ngh; gm
s, thy tinh,
chit np gas;
cu kin b
tng, sn xut
VLXD
KCN Nam
Ph Yn c
xc nh bao
gm KCN
Nam Ph
Yn, KCN
Trung Thnh
1. Thc hin TM cho ton KCN: tch hp cc tc ng ca tng loi
hnh CN. Xc nh sc cha (kh nng cho php bao nhiu c s SX
- KD) v mi trng; Xc nh kh nng pht tn kh thi t KCN
n cc vng khc; xc nh kh nng pht tn nhim do nc thi
dc sng Cng theo cc phng n x l khc nhau.
2. Phn khu chc nng theo quan im v mi trng v kinh t:
- Khu I: ch tp trung cc ngnh CN c tim nng nhim cao: SX
vt liu xy dng, gm, s, btng, ha dc, dt nhum.
- Khu II: cc ngnh CN c tim nng nhim trung bnh: c kh, da
giy, dt may, thy tinh, chit np gas, thc phm.
- Khu III: cc ngnh CN cn cht lng MT tt, c tim nng
nhim thp: in t, dng c y t, th cng nghip.
3. Mi khu c h thng thu gom, x l nc thi ring t TCVN/
QCVN trc khi a ra sng Cu.
4. Xc nh khong cch an ton ca cc nh my c tim nng chy
n (chit np gas) hoc nhim khng kh cao (VLXD) khng cho
php xy dng st khu dn c v cc nh my khc.
5. Lp hnh lang cy xanh thn g rng 20m cch ly gia cc khu
vc. m bo din tch cy xanh thn g > 20% tng din tch KCN.
6. Lp trm cu ha (PCCC) cho KCN.
7. Lp ban Mi trng v An ton thuc BQL KCN Nam Ph Yn

78
TT Tn KCN V tr
Din tch
(ha)
Tnh cht -
chc nng
2 KCN Sng
Cng I
TX.
Sng
Cng
(Phng
M Ch
v x
Tn
Quang)
220 Hng pht
trin chnh
trong KCN
ny l cc
ngnh Diezel,
y c, ph
tng, ch bin
nng sn thc
phm, vt liu
xy dng,
may mc in
t
c quyt
nh ph
duyt QH 320
ha nay iu
chnh xung
cn 220 ha
1. V tr v din tch KCN l ph hp.
2. nh gi tc ng tch hp cc loi hnh CN n cht lng mi
trng khng kh, vng c th b nh hng do s c cc h thng x
l kh thi.
3. La chn loi hnh CN: do nm st khu trung tm TX, nn khng
quy hoch cc loi hnh SX nhim cao nh VLXD, nhum, ha
cht. Chuyn cc loi CN ny vo KCN Nam Ph Yn.
4. Phn vng chc nng:
- Khu cc ngnh CN c tim nng nhim trung bnh: c kh, ch
bin thc phm.
- Khu cc ngnh CN c tim nng nhim thp: may, y c, in t.
5. Lp hnh lang cy xanh gia cc khu, pht trin cy xanh mt
cao dc cc tuyn ng: m bo din tch cy xanh (thn g) trn
20% tng din tch KCN.
6. Xy dng v vn hnh trm x l nc thi tp trung, t quy nh
ca QCVN.
7. Lp Trm thu nhn v trung chuyn CTR CN, CTR nguy hi cho
ton KCN.
8. Lp mt trm cu ha c trang b (xe, thit b cu ha, nhn
lc) cho KCN.
9. Lp Ban Mi trng v An ton thuc Ban Qun l KCN Sng
Cng I

79
TT Tn KCN V tr
Din tch
(ha)
Tnh cht -
chc nng
3 KCN Sng
Cng II
TX.
Sng
Cng
(x Tn
Quang)
250 Thu ht cc
cc ngnh i-
-zen, y c,
ph tng, ch
bin nng sn
thc phm,
vt liu xy
dng, may
mc in t...
c ph
duyt ti
Quyt nh s
1107/Q -
TTg ngy
21/8/2006 ca
Th tng
Chnh ph
1. KCN ny nm gia TP.Thi Nguyn v TX. Sng Cng do vy
phi chn cc loi hnh CN c tim nng nhim thp. u tin CN
sch, tin tin, tiu th t nng lng, nguyn liu, to t cht thi.
2. Quy hoch h thng thot, x l nc thi, trung chuyn CTR CN,
CTR NN, h thng cy xanh, h thng PCCC: nh khu CN Sng
Cng I.
4 KCN Ty Ph
Yn
Huyn
Ph Yn
(x
Minh
c,
c
Sn,
Phc
Thun)
200 Thu ht cc
ngnh cng
nghip cng
ngh cao, sn
xut ph tng
t, lp rp
t, cng
nghip quc
phng...
Th tng
Chnh ph
chp thun ti
Vn bn s
1854/TTg-
KTN ngy
08/10/2009
1. nh gi tc ng mi trng cho ton khu cng nghip.
2. Phn vng chc nng khu cng nghip: vng dnh cho ngnh cng
nghip c tim nng nhim thp, trung bnh v nhim nng.
3. Quy hoch h thng thot, x l nc thi, cy xanh, x l CTR
CN tng t nh KCN Sng Cng I.
4. Nu l khu cng ngh cao th nn tham kho, hc tp quy hoch
mi trng cc KCN pha Nam: Vietnam - Singapore (Bnh
Dng), Amata, Bin Ha 2 (ng Nai), Tn Thun (TP. HCM).
5 KCN Quyt
Thng
TP. Thi
Nguyn
(x
Quyt
Thng)
200 Cc ngnh
ngh sn xut
thit b in,
in t, cng
ngh thng
tin, khu vn
m cng
ngh.
Th tng
Chnh ph
chp thun ti
Vn bn s
1854/TTg-
KTN ngy
08/10/2009
1. Lm r loi hnh cng nghip ti khu cng nghip ny.
2. nh gi tc ng mi trng cho ton khu cng nghip


80
TT Tn KCN V tr
Din tch
(ha)
Tnh cht -
chc nng
Khu cng
nghip im
Thu
Huyn
Ph
Bnh (x
im
Thu,
Thng
nh)
350 Thu ht cc
ngnh cng
nghip: luyn
kim, c kh,
ch to my,
vt liu xy
dng, sn xut
lp rp t,
in t, cng
nghip phn
mm.
Th tng
Chnh ph
chp thun ti
Vn bn s
1854/TTg-
KTN ngy
08/10/2009
1. nh gi tc ng mi trng cho ton khu cng nghip


81
Bng 4.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng cc khu T hp cng nghip v th trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn n nm 2020
TT
(1)
T hp KCN
- T
V tr
Din
tch (ha)
Tnh cht - chc
nng
Chi ch xut quy hoch BVMT cho c 2 KCN - T
1 T hp KCN
- th Yn
Bnh:

Huyn Ph
Yn v
huyn Ph
Bnh

2.350 - Khu vc cng
nghip, ch xut
theo nh hng
cng nghip sch v
cng ngh cao.
- Khu vc dch v -
th vi quy m
th loi IV, trong
tng lai hng ti
loi III c chc
nng trung tm hnh
chnh - cng cng
th, trung tm
nghin cu gio dc
o to, dch v v
du lch sinh thi.
KCN - T c th lm tng cc tc ng tiu cc n x hi:
gim din tch t nng nghip, nh hng an ninh lng thc,
an sinh x hi do din tch cn GPMB qu ln.
T hp KCN - T vn KSN phc tp: kh xy dng
trm x l nc thi CN tp trung, kh xy dng trm trung
chuyn CTR CN, CTNH;
Pht thi nhim t KCN (vi din tch n 2.350 Ha) c th
tc ng trc tip n cc khu th lin k, do vy mc tiu
xy dng cc trung tm nghin cu, o to, du lch sinh thi l
kh kh thi.
KCN phi t tiu ch: KCN xanh v th sinh thi, bao gm:
- m bo phn khu chc nng hn ch thp nht pht tn cht
thi sang khu dn c hoc c s CN khc.
- Khng quy hoch cc ngnh CN c tim nng nhim cao: luyn
kim, ha cht, xi mng, ha du, thuc da, nhum, giy - m bo
che ph cy xanh (thn g) trn 30%, din tch cy xanh/ngi >
20m
2
. C vnh ai cy xanh ngn cch cc c s SX vi khu dn c.
- H thng thot nc: tch nc thi v nc ma..
- C cc trm x l nc thi tp trung cho nc thi CN v nc
thi th.
- H thng cp in, nc, bu chnh vin thng, ng ni b m
bo nhu cu cc c s SX - KD v khu th.
- C Trm trung chuyn CTR CN, CTR nguy hi ti KCN.
- C trung tm cu ha cho ton T hp.

83
4.4.3.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong cng nghip khai thc, ch bin
khong sn
Da vo thc trng mi trng v hot ng khai thc, ch bin mt s
nh hng v QHMT di y cn c gn kt vo quy hoch pht trin CN
v khong sn trn a bn tnh.
(i) Quy hoch cc khu vc khai thc, ch bin khong sn khng xm phm Vn
Quc gia Tam o, cc khu BTTN, cc khu di tch lch s, cc khu rng phng h.
(ii) Hn ch xm phm vo cc khu dn c, t nng nghip.
(iii) Trong trng hp xm phm vo vng rng l bt kh khng th phi quy
hoch mt khu vc khc trng rng n b (theo nguyn tc n b ng hoc ln
hn din tch rng b mt).
(iv) Lp khu cha ph thi v phn loi ph thi tng khu khai thc khong sn.
(v) Quy hoch, xy dng v vn hnh khu vc cha v x l nc thi ti tng khu
khai thc khong sn. Khu vc chnh cha nc thi cn:
Xa khu dn c.
Khng nm trong im t gy a cht.
Khng nm trong vng Cast.
Khng nm trn tng nc ngm ang hoc s khai thc phc v cp nc.
(vi) Trin khai cc gii php qun l v cng ngh KSN (d phng, x l v
gim st nhim).
4.4.4. Quy hoch h thng x l cht thi rn
Cc khu hoc trung tm x l CTR th, CTR cng nghip c la
chn trn c s quy hoch s dng t, cc iu kin a hnh, a cht thu vn,
a cht cng trnh v cc yu t lin quan khc. Cng tc quy hoch cc im
x l CTR do S Xy dng chu trch nhim, cn c thc hin theo cc bc
sau:
(i) Tin hnh kho st, thu thp s liu v hin trng v d bo v rc th, rc
cng nghip trn a bn cc huyn, TX, TP.
(ii) Kt hp vi UBND cc huyn, TX, TP la chn cc a im d kin lm im
x l CTR.
(iii) S Xy dng kt hp S TN&MT, S KH-CN v n v t vn mi
trng ca Vit Nam hoc nc ngoi (c thu) kho st cc v tr c
xut nh gi mc ph hp v mt mi trng t nhin v x hi. Tin
hnh kho st v thu thp cc s liu v kh tng, thu vn, sinh thi, a cht
cng trnh, a cht thu vn, kinh t, x hi cc im c xut.
(iv) nh gi mc ph hp bng nhiu yu t khc nhau la chn cc v
tr ph hp theo cc quy nh hin c.

84
(v) xut v tr cc im ph hp nht c th lp khu hoc Trung tm x l
CTR th hoc CN.
(vi) Trnh UBND tnh ph duyt.
(vii) Thc hin thit k, u t, xy dng cc im c ph duyt UBND
tnh.
Trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn, cc im d kin lm ni x l CTR
cc TP, TX, huyn l:
(i) Cc im ny c th c tip tc nng cp tr thnh cc khu, trung tm x
l CTR ca cc huyn, TX, TP.
(ii) Hin nay S Xy dng quy hoch 10 khu x l CTR tp trung cho TP. Thi
Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v cc huyn. Vic quy hoch cn c tip tc xem xt chi
tit v cc yu t mi trng, a cht, thy vn, a hnh, sinh thi v cc yu t x
hi.
4.4.5. Quy hoch bo v mi trng nc
4.4.5.1. nh hng chung
(i) Duy tr lu lng nc cc sng, sui, h v nc ngm, m bo m
ngun cp nc lu di cho sn xut, i sng v pht trin ti nguyn sinh hc.
(ii) Ngn nga nhim, ci thin cht lng nc cc sng, sui, h, m trn
a bn tnh nhm phc v cc mc ch s dng ca tnh v gp phn bo v
mi trng lu vc sng Cu.
(iii) Thc hin Quyt nh s 174/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph
duyt n Tng th bo v v pht trin bn vng mi trng, sinh thi, cnh
quan lu vc sng Cu.
4.4.5.2. Quy hoch bo v mi trng cc h cha
Hin nay s lng v dung tch cc h cha Thi Nguyn v c bn l
ph hp. Do vy khng u tin xy dng cc h cha mi ( gim thiu tc
ng n a dng sinh hc v ch thu vn) m ch ch trng nng cp cc
h hin c. Cc h mi ch c quy hoch khi c nhu cu c bit do UBND
cc huyn hoc S NN-PTNT xut. Vic quy hoch h cha mi cn t cc
nh hng v mi trng sau.
(i) Trong giai on la chn v tr v xy dng h
Khng nm trong khu BTTN hoc rng phng h c tnh, huyn
quy hoch bo v.
Hn ch xm phm vo khu dn c v vng t nng nghip ca a
phng.

85
(ii) Thit k v xy dng h:
Tnh ton tc ng n ch thu vn m bo vic lu gi nc
khng lm thay i ng k ch thu vn h lu.
Thit k v xy dng cng trnh c kh nng iu tit nc, d phng l
ng, l qut, st l v v p.
Tnh ton d bo vng c kh nng b ngp do s c v p c phng
n d phng.
Cc h trn sng chnh (sng Cu, sng Cng, sng u, sng Ch Chu)
cn thit k h thng mng cho php lu thng dng chy, m bo dng chy
mi trng.
Tnh ton cn bng nc vic ly nc ca cng trnh thu li ca mt
a phng khng nh hng n cp nc cho cc a phng khc trong lu
vc.
Hn ch vic chuyn nc t sng ny sang sng khc dn n thay i
ch thy vn, cn bng nc v thay i cc h sinh thi t nhin.
(iii) Trong giai on vn hnh h cha:
Hn ch vic quy hoch, xy dng cc khu dn c, KCN, CCN, c s sn
xut cng nghip, khai thc khong sn ven h ngn nga nhim h.
Trng rng, ph xanh t trng i trc khu vc ven h hn ch xi
mn t, gy bi lng v nhim h.
Pht trin thu sn trong h mc c th khng gy nhim ngun
nc h v h lu.
iu tit nc h sao cho dng chy mi trng ca sng, sui h lu
c m bo, khng gy thay i ln ch thu vn v h sinh thi nc h
lu.
Gim st, quan trc thng xuyn cht lng nc h v h sinh thi
nc. u tin gim st hin tng ph dng ho v mt ho hc v sinh hc.
4.4.5.3. Quy hoch h thng KSN ngn nga suy gim cht lng nc
sng, h v nc ngm
(i) Trin khai, nghin cu phn vng cht lng nc lu vc sng Cu (trn
a bn tnh Thi Nguyn, bao gm sng Cng, sng u v cc sng, h khc).
(ii) Quy hoch v xy dng h thng cc khu (cc trung tm) x l cht thi
rn th cho TP Thi Nguyn, TX sng Cng v 7 th cp huyn gim
thiu tc ng ca CTR n cht lng sng, h v nc ngm.

86
(iii) Quy hoch, xy dng mt trung tm tn tr v x l cht thi rn cng
nghip, cht thi rn nguy hi cho ton tnh Thi Nguyn gim thiu tc ng
ca CTR CN, CTNH n cht lng nc sng, h v nc ngm .
(iv) Quy hoch, xy dng h thng thot, x l nc thi th v cng
nghip t cc QCVN gim thiu tc ng ca nc thi n cht lng nc
sng, h v nc ngm.
(v) Gim st cc ngun nhim do cc doanh nghip CN, khai thc khong
sn, khu du lch, khu th a vo mi trng .
(vi) Kim sot v qun l vic khai thc nc ngm ngn nga vic suy
gim tng nc ngm v nhim nc ngm.
(vii) Tip tc bo v rng u ngun, m rng din tch rng cc huyn, TP,
TX trong tnh gi nc, ngn nga xi mn t v gim thiu nhim nc
sng, h.
4.4.6. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong lnh vc nng nghip
(i) Tt c cc khu tn lu ho cht bo v thc vt u c khoanh vng v x
l trit .
(ii) Kim sot cht ch vic s dng HCBVTV, phn bn trong canh tc nng
nghip v cc ho cht trong bo qun thc phm.
(iii) Quy hoch cc khu chn nui, nui trng thu sn, trong nng ghp bo
v mi trng trong quy hoch, kim sot cht ch hot ng chn nui, m
bo an ton v sinh mi trng.
4.4.7. Quy hoch bo v mi trng sinh hc
4.4.7.1. nh hng chung
(i) Nng t l che ph rng t 48% hin nay ln 52% tng din tch t nhin
ca tnh vo nm 2020.
(ii) Phc hi din tch rng t nhin khu vc VQG Tam o, cc huyn nh
Ha, V Nhai, Ph Lng. Khi phc v m rng din tch rng u ngun, rng
phng h bo tn a dng sinh hc (DSH), bo v ngun thy sinh, ngn nga l
lt, xi mn t, ng ph vi bin i kh hu ton cu.
(iii) Xy dng c 1 khu BTTN cp Quc gia v 2 - 3 khu BTTN cp tnh qun l
vi tng din tch cc khu BTTN trn 50.000 ha trc nm 2020.
(iv) Bo v v ci thin mi trng sng cho cc loi thy sinh, khi phc s loi v
mt thy sinh, nht l cc loi cc bo tn DSH v tng ngun li thy sn.
4.4.7.2. Cc ni dung chnh trong Quy hoch bo v v pht trin mi
trng sinh hc

87
Kim k, nh gi hin trng ti nguyn sinh vt v xc nh a
dng sinh hc cc vng mi trng
y l ni dung cha c nghin cu trong nhiu nm nay quy m
ton tnh. Do vy, lp quy hoch bo tn v pht trin ti nguyn sinh vt cn
phi kho st thu thp ti liu xc nh DSH cc vng sinh thi:
(i) Vng sinh thi g i ( Ph Bnh, Ph Yn, ng H, Ph Lng);
(ii) Vng sinh thi i ni thp ( ng H, V Nhai, i T);
(iii) Vng sinh thi ni thp ( V Nhai, nh Ha);
(iv) Vng sinh thi ni vi ( V Nhai, nh Ha);
(v) Vng sinh thi thung lng ( V Nhai, nh Ha).
cc vng sinh thi cn xc nh:
Din tch cc loi rng, cc loi t khc.
Kim k cc loi ng vt hoang d trn cn v di nc.
Xc nh cc loi ng, thc vt theo cp bo tn.
nh gi xu hng din bin.
Nghin cu xy dng cc nh hng v k hoch hnh ng bo tn v
pht trin DSH trn a bn tnh
Cc nh hng u tin cn xy dng l:
(i) nh hng KHH bo v v pht trin rng;
(ii) nh hng KHH bo v v pht trin ng vt hoang d cc HST
cn;
(iii) nh hng KHH bo v v pht trin thy sinh;
(iv) nh hng KHH bo v v pht trin ngun li thy sn;
(v) nh hng KHH bo v v pht trin cc loi cy trng c gi tr kinh
t v a dng sinh hc cao;
(vi) nh hng xy dng cc khu BTTN Thi Nguyn;
(vii) nh hng t chc qun l v bo tn ti nguyn sinh vt v DSH
Thi Nguyn;
Lp c s d liu v ti nguyn sinh vt, DSH tnh Thi Nguyn
(i) Xy dng bn hin trng a dng sinh hc trn cn;
(ii) Xy dng bn hin trng a dng sinh hc thy sinh Thi Nguyn;

88
(iii) Xy dng b s liu v ti nguyn sinh vt, DSH cc vng mi trng
v ton tnh.
Lp cc d n v trin khai cc d n bo tn, pht trin rng v bo
v cc HST t nhin
y l ni dung quan trng trong Chng trnh hnh ng Bo tn DSH
ca tnh. Cc d n cn u tin nghin cu lp v trin khai l:
(i) Cc d n phc hi v pht trin rng phng h cc huyn min ni
(i T, V Nhai, nh Ha, Ph Lung);
(ii) Cc d n quy hoch v lp cc khu BTTN ( V Nhai, nh Ha, i
T);
(iii) Cc d n bo v v phc hi h sinh thi thy vc sng Cu, sng Cng,
h ni Cc.
Bo v ti nguyn sinh vt, DSH l mt trong cc cng tc quan trng
bc nht trong nhim v BVMT ca tnh v lu vc sng Cu.

89
CHNG NM.
K HOCH HNH NG BO V MI TRNG TNH THI NGUYN
N NM 2020
5.1. QUAN IM CH O
Bo v mi trng (BVMT), thc hin nh hng pht trin bn vng
(PTBV) tnh Thi Nguyn giai on 2010 - 2020 v cc nm tip theo l nhim
v quan trng ca ng b, Chnh quyn v nhn dn tnh Thi Nguyn nhm
gii quyt tt cc vn mi trng ang tn ti, vt qua cc thch thc v
mi trng thi k tng trng nhanh v cng nghip ha, th ha. Trn c
s cc nh hng quy hoch bo v mi trng, vic xy dng k hoch hnh
ng bo v mi trng trn a bn tnh n nm 2020 l ht sc cn thit
trong cng tc bo v mi trng.
Kim sot nhim (KSN) v bo v ti nguyn thin nhin l 2 ni dung
chnh ca BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn, nhm ngn nga, ng ph gim thiu
mc nhim, ci thin cht lng mi trng, bo v sc khe ngi dn v
bo tn pht trin ti nguyn sinh hc trn a bn tnh.
K hoch hnh ng BVMT, trong bao gm c KSN v bo v ti
nguyn thin nhin tnh Thi Nguyn tun th cc quan im ch o di y:
1. BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn l nhim v thng xuyn, lu di, cn c
quyt tm cao, c s phi hp cht ch gia cc cp, cc ngnh, cc a phng,
i hi tp trung cc ngun lc u t ca chnh quyn, doanh nghip v nhn
dn a phng, c s h tr mt phn t trung ng.
2. Ly phng nga, ngn chn suy thoi ti nguyn thin nhin, nhim
mi trng l chnh, kt hp x l khc phc nhng im nng v suy thoi mi
trng v nhim trn ton b a bn tnh. u tin thc hin chng trnh
BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn vi vic gn kt vi cc d n, cc chng trnh khc
c lin quan ca nh nc, cc b, ngnh v ca tnh.
3. Vic thc hin cc chng trnh v d n ca KHH BVMT ca tnh
Thi Nguyn i hi ngun ngn sch ln. m bo ngun ngn sch ny,
cc doanh nghip, c s sn xut, kinh doanh c ngun nhim phi t m bo
kinh ph thit k, lp t, vn hnh v qun l cc h thng x l nhim; ngn
sch a phng v ngn sch h tr t trung ng u tin m bo cho cng tc
trin khai d n KSN v BVMT trn a bn bn ngoi c s sn xut - kinh
doanh.
4. y mnh x hi ha, pht huy ni lc kt hp vi vic tng cng
qun l nh nc; ng dng KH-CN tin tin v pht huy cc gii php truyn

90
thng BVMT, gi sch mi trng sng ca tng h gia nh v cng ng
dn c.
5. Cc chng trnh BVMT ca tnh phi nu ra cc k hoch hnh ng,
d n c th c tnh thit thc, kh thi, ph hp vi tng vng sinh thi - kinh t
v tng giai on pht trin ca tnh.
5.2. MC TIU CA K HOCH HNH NG BVMT GIAI ON
2010 -2020
5.2.1. Mc tiu tng qut
1. To chuyn bin c bn trong thc v kin thc bo v mi trng,
KSN ca cc tng lp nhn dn, c quan qun l Nh nc, n v sn xut,
kinh doanh, lc lng v trang trn a bn tnh.
2. Phng nga, hn ch gia tng nhim ngun nc, khng kh, t ai,
khc phc suy thoi mi trng, tng cng phc hi rng, bo v ti nguyn
nc v t, m bo tt cht lng mi trng trong qu trnh pht trin cng
nghip ha, th ha.
3. Khai thc hp l v tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin, khong sn, ngun
nc, rng, bo m cn bng sinh thi nhm m bo pht trin bn vng.
4. Hon thnh tt nhim v v phng nga, ngn chn nhim mi trng
nu trong Quyt nh s 174/2006/Q-TTg ngy 28 thng 7 nm 2006 ca Th
tng Chnh ph ph duyt n tng th bo v v pht trin bn vng mi
trng sinh thi, cnh quan lu vc sng Cu v Quyt nh s 1188/Q -
UBND ngy 14/6/2006 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn ph duyt nh hng
Chin lc PTBV tnh Thi Nguyn giai on 2006-2010 v n nm 2020.
5. m bo n nm 2020 Lut BVMT, Lut a dng sinh hc. Lut Ti
nguyn nc, cc lut khc v ti nguyn v mi trng, cc TCVN, QCVN v
cht lng mi trng v v pht thi c thc hin ng tt c cc TP, TX,
huyn, cc c s sn xut- kinh doanh trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn.
5.2.2. Mc tiu c th
1. Nng cao mt bc nhn thc, kin thc v phng nga nhim mi
trng ca cc tng lp nhn dn, cc c quan, ng v Nh nc, lc lng v
trang, cc t chc chnh tr-x hi, cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh.
2. Hon thnh vic x l cc c s nhim nghim trng theo Quyt nh
s 64/2003/Q- TTg ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2003 trc nm 2012. V x l trit
cc c s gy nhim mi trng mi pht sinh.
3. Nng cao mt bc vng chc kh nng kim sot nhim ca cc c
s sn xut - kinh doanh, bnh vin, khu dn c, khu cng nghip bng p dng

91
rng ri, c hiu qu cao cc bin php phng nga v x l nhim, suy thoi
mi trng.
Phn u n nm 2020:
90% cht thi rn th TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng; 70% cht thi
rn th cc th trn, 100% cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi y t, cht thi
nguy hi c thu gom, vn chuyn, x l hp v sinh;
100% cc CCN mi, 80% cc c s sn xut ngoi khu cng nghip c
trm x l nc thi, 80% cc c s sn xut cng nghip c h thng x l kh
thi t QCVN.
100% s bnh vin c trm x l nc thi t QCVN;
M rng, nng cp Trung tm x l CTR ti Mi v xy dng thm
mt trung tm x l CTR th v cng nghip phc v khu vc TP Thi
Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v cc huyn pha Nam tnh.
4. Hon thnh c bn trc nm 2020 vic ci to v nng cp h thng
tiu thot nc ma, nc thi TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng, cc th trn
cp huyn, cc CCN trn a bn ton tnh; xy dng vn hnh cc trm x l
nc thi th tp trung t QCVN (trc mt cho TP Thi Nguyn v TX
Sng Cng).
5. Khc phc c hiu qu mc nhim ngun nc sng Cu, sng
Cng, h Ni Cc v cc sng, h khc.
6. Gim thiu nhim khng kh v n bng cc gii php tng hp v
qun l v cng ngh ph hp i vi cc ngnh cng nghip, giao thng xy
dng.
7. Qun l v bo v tt ti nguyn nc cc thy vc sng Cu, sng
Cng, cc sng, cc h m. m bo duy tr lu lng cc sng, h khng
di mc trung bnh hin nay. Khc phc tnh trng xi mn, st l b sng sui
h.
8. Qun l tt ti nguyn nc ngm (nc di t), khng suy gim
lu lng nc ngm v cht lng nc ngm so vi hin nay. Ngn nga vic
st ln t, nhim ngun nc bng cc bin php qun l khai thc khong
sn, khai thc nc ngm v qun l cht thi.
9. m bo khi phc din tch cc vng rng t nhin, tip tc cc
chng trnh trng rng.
m bo vo nm 2020 t l che ph rng t trn 50% din tch t nhin
ca tnh v c t nht 1 khu BTTN (ngoi VQG Tam o) c cng nhn cp
quc gia v 2 - 3 khu BTTN cp tnh c thnh lp.

92
10. Thc hin tt vic gn kt quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ton
tnh v tng ngnh, lnh vc vi KSN, BVMT, m bo PTBV. Trin khai c
hiu qu cc kt qu chnh ca d n, ti nghin cu c nghim thu.
Phn u n nm 2020:
- TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng v cc th trn c quy hoch khng
gian khu trung tm thng mi, khu th, khu hnh chnh, khu cng nghip
mi v khu ngoi th hi ha vi mi trng thin nhin.
- To khng gian sng v pht trin kinh t- vn ha ph hp c th i
vi mi trng TP, TX, huyn.
- Bo v v m rng din tch rng cc huyn bo v ti nguyn sinh
hc v phng nga nhim mi trng.
11. y mnh chng trnh pht trin mng xanh th ni th, nht l
cc khu cn t mng xanh.
Phn u n nm 2020: m bo din tch cy xanh /u ngi cc
phng trung tm TP Thi Nguyn, TX Sng Cng trn 10 m
2
.
12. Pht trin phng php canh tc sch (nng nghip hu c), xy dng
nhiu vng chuyn canh rau, ch khng s dng ha cht BVTV, hoc ch s
dng ha cht BVTV d phn hy c Nh nc cho php. Pht trin rng ri
qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM) hn ch s dng ha cht BVTV. Xy dng
v thc hin chng trnh sn xut nng sn sch v an ton thc phm.
13. Tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng ca tnh, ch trng gii php
tng cng nng lc v KSN v bo v mi trng cho S TN&MT, S Cng
thng, Cng an tnh; thnh lp n v qun l mi trng cp th x, huyn v
cc Ban An ton v Mi trng cc cng ty ln. Tng cng phi hp gia
cc s, ngnh lin quan n ngn nga nhim mi trng, bo v ti nguyn
thin nhin v gia cc n v ny vi UBND cc TP, TX, huyn v cc c quan
trung ng nhm m bo cng tc BVMT c hiu qu thc cht, to chuyn
bin tt trong ci thin mi trng trn a bn tnh.
5.3. CC GII PHP CH YU
t c cc mc tiu trn cn phi trin khai ng b cc gii php
ch yu:
1. Thc hin x hi ha K hoch hnh ng bo v mi trng tnh
Thi Nguyn.
2. Tng cng hiu lc, hiu qu qun l Nh nc.
3. a dng ha ngun lc u t.

93
4. Xy dng, ph duyt v t chc thc hin cc chng trnh, cc d n
thuc K hoch Hnh ng BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn.
5. y mnh nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc v cng ngh trong BVMT.
6. Tng cng hp tc vi TP H Ni, cc tnh lu vc sng Cu, hp tc
quc t v mi trng v PTBV.
5.4. CC CHNG TRNH TRONG K HOCH HNH NG BO
V MI TRNG THI NGUYN GIAI ON 2010 - 2020
t c cc mc tiu nu trn ca K hoch Hnh ng BVMT cn tp
trung thc hin cc Chng trnh u tin di y. Cc chng trnh ny c
xut trn c s Quyt nh s 174/2006/Q-TTg ngy 28 thng 7 nm 2006
ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt " n tng th bo v v PTBV mi
trng sinh thi, cnh quan lu vc sng Cu" v Quyt nh s 1188/Q-
UBND ngy 14/6/2006 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn v/v ph duyt "nh
hng Chin lc PTBV tnh Thi Nguyn giai on 2006-2010 v n nm
2020". KHH c thc hin c hiu qu cao cn tp trung ngun lc cho
thc hin cc chng trnh.
Di y l 08 chng trnh ca KHH BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn n nm
2020:
(i) Chng trnh 1: Nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng v kim sot
nhim.
(ii) Chng trnh 2: Qun l mi trng th.
(iii) Chng trnh 3: Qun l mi trng cng nghip.
(iv) Chng trnh 4: Qun l mi trng nng nghip, nng thn v a dng
sinh hc.
(v) Chng trnh 5: Bo v ti nguyn nc tnh Thi Nguyn.
(vi) Chng trnh 6: Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Cu.
(vii) Chng trnh 7: Thc hin K hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh
hu.
(viii) Chng trnh 8: Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng v tham gia ca cng
ng trong bo v mi trng
Trong mi chng trnh, c cc nhim v/d n c xy dng v trin
khai thc hin. Chi tit cc nhim v/d n trong mi chng trnh c th
hin ti ph lc.

94
5.4.1. Chng trnh 1: Nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng v kim
sot nhim
Mc tiu ca chng trnh
- Mc tiu lu di
m bo nng lc ca S TN - MT, cc phng TN&MT cc cp TP, TX,
huyn v cc phng ban chuyn trch ca S Cng nghip, Ban Qun l cc
KCN p ng yu cu ngy cng cao v qun l mi trng, kim sot nhim
trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ho - hin i ho.
Tng cng nng lc v hiu qu ca H thng quan trc mi trng tnh
Thi Nguyn nhm p ng nhu cu qun l mi trng, KSN trong thi k
y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho v hi nhp quc t bo v sc kho
nhn dn, ti nguyn thin nhin v qun l mi trng.
Gn kt cc mc tiu, ni dung v bin php KSN, bo v mi trng, ti
nguyn thin nhin vo qu trnh lp, thc hin cc quy hoch, k hoch pht
trin KT-XH ton tnh, huyn, cc ngnh trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn m
bo pht trin bn vng trong thi k y mnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho.
- Mc tiu n nm 2020
- Nng cp v m rng h thng qun l mi trng ca tnh; Nng cao
nng lc v con ngi, phng tin v phng php trong qun l mi trng.
- Cung cp c s d liu v cht lng mi trng, nhim mi trng,
cc thng tin minh chng cho cc tc ng ca hot ng pht trin n mi
trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi trn a bn tnh. Cung cp s liu cho cc c
quan chc nng v dn chng trong x l cc vi phm php lut v BVMT.
- Pht hin v cnh bo sm cc trng hp gy nhim mi trng, s
c mi trng do cc doanh nghip, d n trong tnh v trong lu vc sng Cu.
- nh gi tnh hiu qu ca cc chnh sch v bin php kim sot
nhim mi trng ca Nh nc v ca tnh .
- Phc v xy dng cc chin lc, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca
tnh, s, ngnh, a phng gn kt BVMT, PTBV.
- To chuyn bin r rt trong nhn thc ca cc cp lnh o, cc c quan
qun l Nh nc trong vic gn kt nhim v BVMT trong xy dng v trin
khai cc chnh sch, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin KT - XH ton tnh v tng
th x, huyn, ngnh.
- Vo nm 2010, hon thnh nghin cu Quy hoch tng th mi trng
gn kt vi quy hoch tng th pht trin KT - XH tnh Thi Nguyn n nm
2020.

95
- Hon thnh trc nm 2015 nghin cu v trin khai quy hoch bo v
mi trng TP Thi Nguyn, TX sng Cng v cc huyn gn kt vi quy hoch
s dng t, quy hoch pht trin KT - XH ca TP, th x, huyn.
- Hon thnh quy hoch pht trin tng ngnh: xy dng, cng nghip, giao
thng, nng nghip, du lch gn kt vi KSN, bo v mi trng tnh Thi
Nguyn v lu vc sng Cu.
- Bc u c quy hoch khng gian khu trung tm thng mi, khu th,
khu hnh chnh, khu cng nghip mi, khu ngoi thnh hi ho vi mi trng,
ci thin r rt cht lng mi trng, to cnh quan xanh, sch, p v vn ho
cho TP Thi Nguyn, TX sng Cng, cc th trn huyn v cc khu du lch, khu
di tch lch s.
Cc nhim v/d n trin khai thc hin chng trnh
1. D n tng cng nng lc/t chc qun l mi trng cp x v mt
s ngnh ca tnh.
2. Xy dng n hng dn thnh lp b phn qun l mi trng cc
c s SXKD.
3. n thnh lp trung tm cng ngh mi trng.
4. D n qun l, lu tr v xy dng c s d liu mi trng.
5. D n tng cng nng lc quan trc mi trng t ng v kim sot
nhim.
6. D n thng k, cp nht h thng ch tiu thng k mi trng.
7. Lp n xy dng chnh sch h tr, u i trong u t BVMT.
8. Quy hoch bo v mi trng cp huyn.
9. Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong quy hoch pht trin ca tng
ngnh.
5.4.2. Chng trnh 2: Qun l mi trng th
Mc tiu
1. Mc tiu lu di
Tng cng h thng qun l v x l cht thi th vi hiu qu cao
nhm gp phn xy dng TP Thi Nguyn, TX sng Cng v mt s th trn
cp huyn thnh th sinh thi trc nm 2030.
2. Mc tiu c th n nm 2020
- Nng lc v mt t chc, cng ngh v ti chnh trong qun l v x l
CTR khu vc ni thnh cc TP, TX v th trn, huyn c tng cng p
ng yu cu nhim v qun l, x l CTR.

96
- Nng cp, hon thin cc khu x l cht thi rn, m bo 100% cc
th cp TP, TX, huyn c bi chn lp rc hp v sinh v trin khai mt s im
thu gom x l CTR theo cc cng ngh tin tin (ti ch hoc thiu t).
- m bo n nm 2020, 90% lng cht thi rn th, 100% CTR y t
c thu gom, x l.
1. Quy hoch, xy dng cc khu chn lp, x l cht thi, cng nghip,
cht thi nguy hi.
2. Quy hoch, xy dng cc khu chn lp cht thi sinh hot.
3. Quy hoch, xy dng h thng x l nc thi sinh hot th.
4. Quy hoch cc khu th sinh thi dc sng Cu trn a bn Tp ph
Thi Nguyn, Ph Yn, Sng Cng, Ph Bnh.
5. Quy hoch, xy dng cc ngha trang sinh thi.
6. Xy dng h thng x l nc thi cc bnh vin tuyn tnh, huyn.
7. Khc phc nhim mi trng ti cc bi chn lp rc tm thi.
8. Thu gom, x l trit cht thi rn y t ti cc bnh vin tuyn tnh,
huyn.
9. X l nhim mi trng trn cc sui tip nhn nc thi cc khu dn
c trn a bn thnh ph Thi Nguyn, th x Sng Cng.
10. X hi ho cng tc thu gom rc thi sinh hot.
11. D n tng cng cng tc m bo v sinh mi trng ni cng
cng.
5.4.3. Chng trnh 3: Qun l mi trng cng nghip
Mc tiu
1. Mc tiu lu di
Thc hin kim sot nhim cng nghip trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn
t hiu qu cao, d phng, khc phc nhim cng nghip, ci thin cht
lng mi trng cc KCN, CCN, khu dn c lin k KCN, CCN trn a bn.
2. Mc tiu n nm 2020
- Hon chnh vic quy hoch pht trin cng nghip gn kt BVMT.
- Gim thiu nhim cc khu cng nghip, cm cng nghip n mc
t TCVN, QCVN v pht thi.
- m bo cc KCN, CCN mi c h thng qun l mi trng thch hp
v cc cng trnh x l cht thi t TCVN, QCVN ngay t khi bt u hot
ng.

97
- Khc phc nhim mi trng cc c s sn xut cng nghip bng
cc bin php qun l v cng ngh thch hp.
- Qun l cht ch v x l v c bn cht thi cng nghip: 100% CTR
cng nghip, CTR nguy hi c thu gom, vn chuyn v x l an ton trc
nm 2020.
1. Quy hoch h thng h tng BVMT cc cm cng nghip, KCN.
2. Quy hoch cc sn xut gch nung trn a bn tnh.
3. Quy hoch cc khu khai thc t phc v sn xut vt liu xy dng; san
lp mt bng; lm ng giao thng giai on 2011 - 2020.
4. Xy dng cc chng trnh cng nghip mi trng.
5. D n xy dng v trin khai p dng ISO 140001 cho cc c s sn
xut cng nghip.
6. Chng trnh sn xut sch hn.
7. Chng trnh x l trit c s gy nhim mi trng.
8. Chng trnh x l, khc phc nhim, ci to mi trng ti cc khu
vc khai thc, ch bin khong sn.
9. D n xy dng k hoch bo v mi trng ti cc lng ngh.
5.4.4. Chng trnh 4: Qun l mi trng nng nghip, nng thn v
bo tn a dng sinh hc
Mc tiu
1. Mc tiu lu di
Kim sot nhim mi trng nng nghip, nng thn, m bo iu kin
v sinh mi trng; S dng hp l ho cht bo v thc vt (BVTV), pht trin
sn xut nng phm an ton (c bit l ch v rau), ngn chn lm dng ho
cht trong nng nghip, m bo sc kho ca nhn dn, gi gn ti nguyn sinh
vt v a dng sinh hc trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn.
Bo tn v pht trin cc h sinh thi t nhin trn a bn Thi Nguyn
m bo hn ch tc ng do bin i kh hu, bo v ngun nc, kim sot l,
bo tn DSH.
2. Mc tiu c th n nm 2020
- Khoanh vng cc khu vc nhim do tn lu HCBVTV v tin hnh x
l, khc phc ti cc khu vc tn lu.
- Cht thi pht sinh t hot ng nng nghip, nng thn m bo thu gom
x l trit , p ng iu kin v sinh mi trng.

98
- Hn ch s dng cc loi ho cht BVTV trong canh tc nng nghip,
nht l trong trng ch, khng s dng cc loi ho cht c c tnh cao, c kh
nng tn d lu di trong mi trng.
- Kim sot, m bo an ton thc phm (trng tm l ch) t khu sn
xut
- Nng cao nhn thc v kin thc ca nhn dn v s dng ho cht
BVTV v sn sut nng sn sch.
- Nng t l che ph rng t 48% hin nay ln 52% tng din tch t
nhin ca tnh vo nm 2020.
- Phc hi din tch rng t nhin khu vc VQG Tam o, cc huyn
nh Ha, V Nhai, Ph Lng. Khi phc v m rng din tch rng u
ngun, rng phng h bo tn a dng sinh hc (DSH), bo v ngun thy
sinh, ngn nga l lt, xi mn t, ng ph vi bin i kh hu ton cu.
- Xy dng c 1 khu BTTN cp Quc gia v 2 - 3 khu BTTN cp tnh
qun l trc nm 2020.
- Bo v v ci thin mi trng sng cho cc loi thy sinh, khi phc s
loi v mt thy sinh, nht l cc loi cc bo tn DSH v tng ngun li
thy sn.
1. Xy dng n bo v mi trng nng nghip, nng thn.
2. X l nhim mi trng do ho cht bo v thc vt tn lu.
3. Nghin cu ng dng cc m hnh x l ti ch cht thi nng nghip,
rc thi sinh hot nng thn ti cc h gia nh.
4. D n xy dng v lp k hoch hnh ng DSH.
5. n nghin cu thnh lp cc khu bo tn thin nhin.
6. Trin khai cc d n bo tn DSH.
5.4.5. Chng trnh 5: Bo v ti nguyn nc tnh Thi Nguyn
Mc tiu
- Mc tiu lu di
- Qun l v s dng hp l ti nguyn nc cc sng, sui, h, m v
nc ngm trn a bn tnh.
- Ngn nga, kim sot nhim cc sng, sui, h, m v nc ngm
tnh Thi Nguyn.
- Mc tiu c th n nm 2020

99
- Gim thiu nhim nc cc sng Cu, Cng, cc sng sui, h Ni Cc
v cc h khc, m bo cht lng nc cc sng, h t QCVN
08:2008/BTNMT (hoc trong cc QCVN mi) i vi ngun loi A2.
- m bo lu lng, khi lng nc sng, sui, h, m cung cp cho
nhu cu s dng ngy cng tng i vi sinh hot, cng nghip, thu sn, thu
li.
1. D n nghin cu, ban hnh hng dn khai thc, bo v, ph s dng ti
nguyn nc di t, nc mt.
2. D n nghin cu quy hoch phn b v BVMT ti nguyn nc di
t.
3. D n nghin cu quy hoch phn b v BVMT ti nguyn nc mt.
4. D n iu tra, nh gi tnh trng st ln t, mt nc trn a bn tnh.
5.4.6. Chng trnh 6: Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Cu
Mc tiu
Bo v mi trng sinh thi, cnh quan lu vc sng Cu theo Quyt nh
s 174/2006/Q-TTg ngy 28/7/2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic Ph
duyt n Tng th bo v v pht trin bn vng mi trng sinh thi, cnh
quan lu vc sng Cu.
1. Ci thin v phc hi mi trng, ci to dng chy ti nhng on
sng b nhim.
2. Xy dng k hoch qun l mi trng nc lu vc sng Cu.
3. Khi phc cnh quan sinh thi dc 2 b sng Cu.
4. Cng c , k b sng Cu khu vc xung yu.
5. D n Quy hoch bo v ti nguyn nc lu vc sng Cu trn a
bn tnh.
5.4.7. Chng trnh 7: Thc hin K hoch hnh ng ng ph vi
bin i kh hu
Mc tiu
- Pht hin kp thi cc tc ng ca bin i kh hu n cc ngnh/lnh
vc, trn c s trin khai cc nhim v, gii php, k hoch hnh ng ng
ph vi bin i kh hu ph hp vi iu kin tnh Thi Nguyn.

100
1. Xy dng k hoch hnh ng ng ph bin i kh hu 2011 - 2020.
2. Xy dng v m rng mng li quan trc, d bo thin tai, l lt.
3. Chng trnh trng rng, bo v rng, phc hi rng u ngun.
4. Chng trnh gim pht thi kh nh knh trong ngnh cng nghip, nng
nghip, nng lng.
5. D n Quy hoch phng, chng v khc phc hu qu tc hi do nc
gy ra trn lu vc sng Cu gy ra.
6. Chng trnh tuyn truyn nng cao nhn thc, kin thc v BKH
5.4.8. Chng trnh 8: Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng v tham gia
ca cng ng trong bo v mi trng
Mc tiu
- Mc tiu lu di
a quan im bo v mi trng l s nghip ca ton ng, ton dn
v ton qun, bo v mi trng l c s quan trng m bo pht trin bn
vng v l trch nhim ca ton x hi, l o c, vn ho, l tiu ch ca x
hi vn minh thm nhun trong mi tng lp nhn dn v bin thnh hnh ng
c th trong np sng, hot ng sinh hot v sn xut.
- Mc tiu c th n nm 2020
Xy dng cc phong tro v sinh mi trng, phng chng nhim,
BVMT trong cc t chc qun chng, cc c quan, n v lc lng v trang,
doanh nghip.
Xy dng thc v trch nhim ca mi ngi dn trong phng nga
nhim, ng x thn thin vi thin nhin v mi trng sng.
M rng dn ch, khuyn khch mi ngi dn, t chc, doanh nghip
tham gia gim thiu nhim mi trng t t vn, u t cng ngh n tham
gia v sinh mi trng v ng gp ngun lc cho xy dng c s h tng v
mi trng.
1. Xy dng chin lc truyn thng bo v mi trng 2011 2020.
2. Thnh lp i ng tuyn truyn vin BVMT n cp x, phng.
3. Tng cng nhn thc BVMT cho lnh o cc cp.
Chi tit cc nhim v/d n trin khai thc hin i vi tng chng trnh;
mc tiu - kt qu, n v ch tr, n v phi hp, thi gian v ngun kinh ph
thc hin ca tng nhim v/d n c th hin ti ph lc.

101
5.5. T CHC THC HIN K HOCH HNH NG BVMT
thc hin cc chng trnh v cc nhim v/d n ca tng chng trnh
trogn k hoch hnh ng BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn cn phi m bo cc yu
cu sau y v mt t chc v bc i.
(i) UBND tnh ph duyt K hoch Hnh ng BVMT.
(ii) UBND tnh giao cc s, ngnh ch tr i vi tng chng trnh. Cc s
ngnh c giao ch tr phi phi hp vi cc s, ngnh khc v TP, TX,
huyn, cc n v lin quan xy dng chi tit cc d n, trnh UBND tnh
ph duyt.
(iii) S Ti chnh, S KH-T xem xt v mt ti chnh v cc mt lin quan v
k hoch u t ca tng d n, trnh UBND tnh ph duyt tng d n
thuc tng chng trnh.
(iv) UBND tnh ra quyt nh ph duyt tng d n v giao cc s, ngnh, a
phng, n v trin khai.
Chi tit v phn cng nhim v ch tr v phi hp i vi tng chng
trnh trong k hoch hnh ng BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn c th hin ti ph
lc.


102
KT LUN
T kt qu nh gi v thc trng mi trng, KT- XH, d bo cc tc
ng mi trng do tng trng kinh t trn a bn tnh n nm 2020 c th
a ra mt s kt lun chnh di y:
1. Hin nay quy m pht trin kinh t Thi Nguyn cha ln, tuy nhin do quy
hoch pht trin kinh t cha gn kt vi BVMT v s quan tm v u t cho
bo v ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng cha ng mc nn ti nguyn
rng, ti nguyn nc mt, nc ngm, t ai b suy gim. nhim mi
trng nc cc sng Cu, sng Cng v sng sui, h quy m ton tnh tuy
cha cao nhng r rt mt s khu vc. nhim khng kh trong, ven cc
nh my luyn kim, xi mng, cc m mc cao.
2. Vi tc tng trng v dn s, cng nghip, nng nghip, du lch theo Quy
hoch Tng th pht trin KT - XH ca tnh n nm 2020, mc gia tng
cht thi cng nghip c th ln n trn 3,5 ln, cht thi th c th ln n
trn 2 ln hin nay. y s l sc p ln n cht lng mi trng, sc khe,
cc h sinh thi t nhin v cc ngnh kinh t ca tnh. Xu hng gim din
tch rng, t nng nghip do pht trin h tng giao thng, KCN, CCN, th
l kh trnh khi. Hu qu v sinh thi v x hi ca xu hng ny s nh
hng ln n mc tiu PTBV tnh Thi Nguyn.
3. Nhm to c s khoa hc v thc tin cho vic gn kt tng trng kinh t, m
bo an sinh x hi v bo v mi trng v ti nguyn (cc tiu ch ca PTBV)
cn phi phn vng mi trng trn a bn tnh. Trn c s phng php lun
c tnh khoa hc, ton b din tch tnh c phn thnh 2 lu vc, 8 kiu vng
mi trng vi 19 vng mi trng, trong c 13 vng thuc lu vc sng
Cu v 6 vng thuc lu vc sng Cng. c im t nhin, kinh t- x hi v
nh hng quy hoch bo v mi trng tng vng c lm r. y l c
s phc v cho quy hoch BVMT chi tit i vi cc huyn, TP, TX trong qu
trnh gn kt cc vn mi trng vo quy hoch pht trin KT - XH t
mc tiu PTBV.
4. Hin nay mt s ngnh, lnh vc quan trng ca Thi Nguyn c quy hoch
pht trin, tuy nhin c s h tng v mi trng cha c xem xt hoc ch
c xem xt s lc. Do vy m bo pht trin bn vng cc nh hng
v quy hoch BVMT theo chuyn ngnh: quy hoch BVMT th, giao thng,
cng nghip, quy hoch BVMT nc v phc hi pht trin ti nguyn sinh vt

103
cn c trin khai c hiu qu. Cc nh hng quy hoch BVMT ny cn
c UBND tnh, TP, TX, huyn v cc ngnh chc nng gn kt vo quy
hoch pht trin ca a phng, ngnh, lnh vc ci thin mi trng v
bo v ti nguyn thin nhin, m bo v sc khe trong qu trnh y mnh
CNH, HH giai on 2010 - 2020.
5. Trn c s quy hoch BVMT tng th ny cc TP, TX, huyn v cc S, ngnh
trong tnh cn nghin cu lp quy hoch BVMT chi tit cho a phng, ngnh,
lnh vc.
6. Cc nh hng quy hoch cc KCN, KCN - th nhm ngn nga nhim
v tc ng xu n mi trng v x hi cn c trin khai trong qu trnh
xy dng v hot ng cc c s ny.
7. cng tc BVMT, KSN v bo tn DSH ngy cng c hiu qu, UBND
tnh yu cu cc s, ngnh, TP, TX, huyn t chc thc hin tt K hoch Hnh
ng BVMT (bao gm bo v, khai thc hp l ti nguyn thin nhin, KSN,
bo tn, pht trin DSH, nng cao nng lc v kin thc v BVMT) vi 08
chng trnh. Da theo chc nng, nhim v, ca mnh cc s, ngnh, UBND
cc TP, TX, huyn, lp cc d n, n kh thi nhm trin khai K hoch hnh
ng BVMT ny. Cc d n, n ny s c UBND tnh xem xt ph duyt
v c m bo v nhn lc v ti chnh. Nu c t chc trin khai tt cc
chng trnh ny s mang n hiu qu thit thc trong bo v ti nguyn, ci
thin mi trng, gp phn quan trng xy dng tnh Thi Nguyn thnh
trung tm kinh t, vn ha, khoa hc - cng ngh ca vng theo nh hng
PTBV./.

1/11
PH LC: DANH MC CHNG TRNH/D N/NHIM V BO V MI TRNG TRONG QUY HOCH BO V MI TRNG
TNH THI NGUYN N NM 2020
TT Chng trnh/nhim v/d n Mc tiu - Kt qu Ch tr Phi hp
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
I Chng trnh 1: Nng cao nng lc qun l mi trng v kim sot nhim
1
D n tng cng nng lc/t chc qun
l mi trng cp x v mt s ngnh
ca tnh
- n b tr cn b chuyn trch mi
trng cp x
- n kin ton t chc qun l mi
trng mt s ngnh ca tnh
S TN&MT
S Cng thng,
Ban qun l
KCN, S Ni v
2015-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+TW
2
Xy dng n hng dn thnh lp b
phn qun l mi trng cc c s
SXKD
Ban hnh hng dn ca UBND tnh
S TN&MT
v cc DN
S Cng thng,
Ban qun l KCN
2012-2015 Ngn sch tnh
3
n thnh lp trung tm cng ngh
mi trng
Thnh lp Trung tm cng ngh mi
trng thc hin nhim v cung cp
thit b, t vn, h tr cc c s
SXKD thit k, u t, sa cha vn
hnh h thng x l mi trng
S TN&MT
Cc s ngnh lin
quan
2015-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
4
D n qun l, lu tr v xy dng c s
d liu mi trng
- Xy dng c s vt cht v cc iu
kin thc hin lu tr v kt ni thng
tin mi trng
- Lp n hng dn thng k, cp
nht cc ch s mi trng;
- Thng k cp nht ngun pht sinh
cht thi
S TN&MT
Cc n v lin
quan
2014-2015
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
2/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
5
D n tng cng nng lc quan trc
mi trng t ng v kim sot
nhim
- Tng cng trang thit b quan trc
mi trng t ng, phng th nghim
(phn tch cc ch tiu ho hu c)
- Trang b thit b quan trc, ly mu
hin trng cho cc phng Ti nguyn
v Mi trng cp huyn
- M rng mng li quan trc hin
trng mi trng, cc ngun tc ng,
quan trc nc ngm, ng thi nc
di t.
- Xy dng trm quan trc mi trng
khng kh, nc sng Cu t ng
- o to, tng cng nhn lc quan
trc, phn tch mi trng
S TN&MT
Cc s, ngnh
lin quan
2012-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+TW + HTQT
6
D n thng k, cp nht h thng ch
tiu thng k mi trng
- iu tra, thng k thc trng cc ch
tiu mi trng.
- Xy dng quy trnh t chc thc hin
thng k, cp nht cc ch tiu mi
trng theo quyt nh s
43/2010/Q-TTg ca Th tng
Chnh ph.

S TN&MT
S KH-T, Cc
Thng k
2011 v
hng nm
Ngn sch tnh
3/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
7
Lp n xy dng chnh sch h tr,
u i trong u t BVMT
UBND tnh ban hnh vn bn v u
i, h tr u t BVMT
S TN-MT
Cc n v lin
quan
2012 Ngn sch tnh
8 Quy hoch bo v mi trng cp huyn Tng huyn lp quy hoch BVMT
UBND cc
huyn
S TN&MT 2012-2015 Ngn sch tnh
9
Quy hoch bo v mi trng trong quy
hoch pht trin ca tng ngnh
Cc ngnh trn c s quy hoch pht
trin, lp quy hoch bo v mi trng
Cc S, ngnh S TN&MT 2011-2015 Ngn sch tnh
II Chng trnh 2: Qun l mi trng th
1
Quy hoch, xy dng cc khu chn lp,
x l cht thi, cng nghip, cht thi
nguy hi
- Quy hoch, xy dng cc khu chn
lp, x l cht thi cng nghip, CTNH
theo vng.
- Thnh lp cc Cng ty dch v x l
cht thi rn.
S Xy dng
S TN&MT,
UBND cp huyn
2012-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
+ Doanh nghip
2
Quy hoch, xy dng cc khu chn lp
cht thi sinh hot
- u t, nng cp cc bi chn lp hin
c
- Quy hoch cc khu chn lp mi
theo vng
S Xy dng
S TN&MT,
UBND cp
huyn, x
2010 - 2015
NS tnh + TW +
HTQT + Doanh
nghip
4.
Quy hoch, xy dng h thng x l
nc thi sinh hot th
- Quy hoch h thng x l nc thi
cc th (thnh ph, th x, th trn, th
t..)
- Xy dng h thng x l nc thi
th x Sng Cng, Ph Yn, i T
S Xy dng
S TN&MT, cc
s lin quan,
UBND cp
huyn, x
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
+ Doanh nghip
4/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
5
Quy hoch cc khu th sinh thi dc
sng Cu trn a bn Tp ph Thi
Nguyn, Ph Yn, Sng Cng, Ph Bnh
Cc quy hoch chi tit S Xy dng UBND cc huyn 2010-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
6
Quy hoch, xy dng cc ngha trang
sinh thi
Quy hoch v xy dng ngha trang
cc khu th, dn c nng thn
S Xy dng
S y t, S
NN&PTNT
7
Xy dng h thng x l nc thi cc
bnh vin tuyn tnh, huyn
Cc h thng x l nc thi ti cc
bnh vin
S Y t
S TN&MT, cc
bnh vin
2010 - 2015
NS tnh + TW +
HTQT
8
Khc phc nhim mi trng ti cc
bi chn lp rc tm thi
Cc d n ng ca bi rc v khc
phc nhim
S TN&MT
S Xy dng,
UBND huyn
2010 - 2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW
9
Thu gom, x l trit cht thi rn y t
ti cc bnh vin tuyn tnh, huyn
- Nng cp l t cht thi rn y t
hin c ca thnh ph Thi Nguyn
p ng nhu cu t CTYT ca cc c
s y t trn a bn tnh
- Trang b thit b thu gom, vn
chuyn CTYT
- Xy dng cc l t CTYT ti cc
bnh vin tuyn huyn.
S Y t
S Ti nguyn v
Mi trng, cc
bnh vin
2010 - 2015
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
10
X l nhim mi trng trn cc sui
tip nhn nc thi cc khu dn c trn
a bn thnh ph Thi Nguyn, th x
Sng Cng
- X l nhim cc sui tip nhn nc
thi
- K b cc sui thot nc thi chy
qua KDC
S TN&MT,
S Xy dng
UBND thnh ph
TN, th x Sng
Cng
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
5/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
11
X hi ho cng tc thu gom rc thi
sinh hot
- Xy dng quy ch qun l, thu gom
rc thi sinh hot trong cc khu dn c
- T chc li mng li thu gom
- Thnh lp cc i VSMT, cng ty dch
v thu gom CTR theo mng li quy
hoch
- Th nghim m hnh 3R ti 1 KDC mi
S Xy dng
S TN&MT,
UBND cp
huyn, x
T 2011
NS tnh +
Doanh nghip +
Dn ng gp
12
D n tng cng cng tc m bo v
sinh mi trng ni cng cng
Quy hoch, xy dng cc cng trnh,
trang b cc phng tin v sinh mi
trng ni cng cng ti cc th
UBND cp
huyn
S Xy dng, S
TN&MT
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
+ Doanh nghip
+ Dn gp
III Chng trnh 3: Qun l mi trng cng nghip
1
Quy hoch h thng h tng BVMT cc
cm cng nghip, KCN
- Cc quy hoch
- Xy dng h thng h tng BVMT
cc khu, cm cng nghip
S Cng
thng,
BQL cc KCN
S TN&MT 2011-2015
Cc doanh
nghip CN
2
Quy hoch cc sn xut gch nung trn
a bn tnh
Ph duyt quy hoch cc khu sn xut
gch nung
S Xy dng UBND cc huyn 2011-2015 Ngn sch tnh
3
Quy hoch cc khu khai thc t phc v
sn xut vt liu xy dng; san lp mt
bng; lm ng giao thng giai on
2011 2020

Ph duyt quy hoch cc khu khai thc
t
S Giao
Thng, s
Xy dng
S TN&MT,
UBND cc huyn
6/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
4
Xy dng cc chng trnh cng nghip
mi trng
Quy hoch pht trin ngnh cng
nghip mi trng
S Cng
thng
S TN&MT 2010 - 2020
Ngn sch tnh
+
Doanh nghip
5
D n xy dng v trin khai p dng
ISO 140001 cho cc c s sn xut cng
nghip
- Xy dng k hoch trin khai
- 40 % c s cng nghip c chng
nhn ISO 140001
S Cng
thng
S TN&MT, Cc
DN, Ban QL cc
CCN
2010 - 2020
Ngn sch tnh
(XD KH) +
Doanh nghip
6
Chng trnh sn xut sch hn

Trin khai nhn rng p dng SXSH
trong cc CSSX cng nghip, TTCN
S Cng
thng
Cc doanh
nghip
2011-2020 Doanh nghip
7
Chng trnh x l trit c s gy
nhim mi trng

- Cc c s gy nhim mi trng
phi thc hin bin php x l
nhim MT
- ng ca, di di cc c s gy
nhim mi trng trong cc khu dn
c; cc c s gy nhim mi trng
nghim trng khng c kh nng khc
phc
S TN&MT
S Cng thng,
UBND cp
huyn, cc doanh
nghip
2010-2020 Doanh nghip
8
Chng trnh x l, khc phc nhim,
ci to mi trng ti cc khu vc khai
thc, ch bin khong sn
Xy dng v thc hin cc d n x l
nhim, ci to mi trng
S TN&MT UBND cp huyn 2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + Doanh
nghip
9
D n xy dng k hoch bo v mi
trng ti cc lng ngh
- Thng k, nh gi tnh trng mi
trng ti cc lng ngh
- Xy dng k hoch, quy ch ngn
S TN&MT
S Cng thng,
Lin minh HTX,
S NN&PTNT
7/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
nga, bo v mi trng ti cc lng
ngh
- Qun l cht thi ti cc lng ngh
- X l nhim mi trng ti cc
lng ngh gy nhim MT
IV Chng trnh 4: Qun l mi trng nng nghip, nng thn v a dng sinh hc
1
Xy dng n bo v mi trng nng
nghip, nng thn
K hoach bo v mi trng nng
nghip nng thn
S TN&MT S NN&PTNT 2011-2012
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW
2
X l nhim mi trng do ho cht
bo v thc vt tn lu
X l nhim mi trng ti cc khu
vc nhim HCBVTV
S TN&MT
UBND cp
huyn, x
2010-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW + HTQT
3
Nghin cu ng dng cc m hnh x l
ti ch cht thi nng nghip, rc thi
sinh hot nng thn ti cc h gia nh
- Kt qu nghin cu ng dng
- Nhn rng m hnh x l, ti ch
cht thi
S KHCN S NN&PTNT 2012-2013 Ngn sch tnh
4
D n xy dng v lp k hoch hnh
ng DSH
- Kim k, kho st, nh gi hin
trng DSH
- K hoch bo tn a dng sinh hc
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
S KH - CN
2010 Ngn sch tnh
5
n nghin cu thnh lp cc khu bo
tn thin nhin
Thnh lp cc khu bo tn thin nhin
S
NN&PTNT
S TN&MT,
UBND huyn
2010 - 2015 Ngn sch tnh
6 Trin khai cc d n bo tn DSH
Kt qu thc hin cc d n theo K
hoch hnh ng bo tn DSH
S TN&MT S NN&PTNT 2010 - 2020 Ngn sch tnh
8/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
V Chng trnh 5: Bo v ti nguyn nc tnh Thi Nguyn
1
D n nghin cu, ban hnh hng dn khai
thc, bo v, ph s dng ti nguyn nc
di t, nc mt
UBND tnh ban hnh vn bn hng dn
khai thc, bo v nc ngm, nc mt,
ph s dng ti nguyn nc
S TN&MT S NN&PTNT 2010-2011
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW
2
D n nghin cu quy hoch phn b v
BVMT ti nguyn nc di t
- iu tra, nh gi hin trng cht
lng, khai thc, s dng ngun nc
di t
- Thm d tr lng, d bo nhu cu
s dng nc
- Bn tr lng nc ngm
- Quy hoch phn b khai thc, s
dng v BVMT ti nguyn nc di
t
- Thit lp mng li quan trc nc di
t
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
KHCN, Vin NC
2010-2012
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW
3
D n nghin cu quy hoch phn b v
BVMT ti nguyn nc mt
- iu tra, nh gi din bin cht lng,
hin trng khai thc, s dng ngun nc
mt
- nh gi tr lng, d bo nhu cu
s dng nc
- Quy hoch phn b khai thc, s
dng v BVMT ti nguyn nc mt
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
Cng thng,
Giao thng, cc
s, ngnh lin
quan
9/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
4
D n iu tra, nh gi tnh trng st
ln t, mt nc trn a bn tnh
- iu tra, xc nh a cht thu vn
cc vng c hin tng, nguy c st ln
- Lp v thc hin cc d n phng
nga, khc phc
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
S Cng thng
VI Chng trnh 6: Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Cu
1
Ci thin v phc hi mi trng, ci to
dng chy ti nhng on sng b
nhim
No vt v khc phc nhim S TN&MT
S Xy dng, S
NN&PTNT
2011-2015
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
2
Xy dng k hoch qun l mi trng
nc lu vc sng Cu
UBND tnh ban hnh k hoch qun l
mi trng nc Sng Cu
S TN&MT Cc s lin quan 2010-2011
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
3
Khi phc cnh quan sinh thi dc 2 b
sng Cu
Khi phc cc cnh quan sinh thi
nng nghip trn cc bi soi doc 2 b
sng Cu phc v pht trin du lch
S
NN&PTNT
S TNMT, S
VH-TT-DL
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
4
Cng c , k b sng Cu khu vc
xung yu

, k c xy dng, cng c
S
NN&PTNT
- 2011-2020
NS tnh + TW +
HTQT
5
D n Quy hoch bo v ti nguyn
nc lu vc sng Cu trn a bn tnh
- nh gi tnh trng cht lng nc, kh
nng tip nhn ca lu vc theo tng khu
vc.
- Thng k cc ngun thi, d bo nhu
cu x thi, din bin cht lng nc
- Xc nh cc gii php bo v
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
S Cng thng,
Giao thng, cc
s, ngnh lin
quan
2011-2015
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
10/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
VII Chng trnh 7: Thc hin K hoch hnh ng ng ph vi bin i kh hu
1
Xy dng k hoch hnh ng ng ph
bin i kh hu 2011 - 2020
UBND tnh ph duyt k hoch thc
hin
S TN&MT
Cc s, ngnh
lin quan
2011-2012
Ngn sch tnh
+ TW
2
Xy dng v m rng mng li quan
trc, d bo thin tai, l lt
Nng s lng cc im quan trc, d
bo l lt ln 50%
S TN&MT
Cc s, ngnh
lin quan
2011-2020
NS tnh + TW +
HTQT
3
Chng trnh trng rng, bo v rng, phc
hi rng u ngun
Tng v duy tr t l che ph hp l
S
NN&PTNT
Cc s, ngnh
lin quan
2011-2020
NS tnh + TW +
HTQT
4
Chng trnh gim pht thi kh nh
knh trong ngnh cng nghip, nng
nghip, nng lng
- Kim k pht thi kh cng nghip,
nng nghip trn a bn tnh
- Xy dng l trnh gim pht thi kh
nh knh trong ngnh cng nghip,
nng nghip, nng lng
- NC p dng cc gii php cng ngh
sch
- NC p dng phng php ci tin
nng cng sut sn xut s dng nng
lng sch, nng lng ti to...
S TN&MT
Cc s, ngnh
lin quan
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
5
D n Quy hoch phng, chng v khc
phc hu qu tc hi do nc gy ra trn
lu vc sng Cu gy ra
- nh gi din bin, xc nh, d bo
cc khu vc chu tc ng do l lt v
cc tc hi do nc gy ra
- nh gi tng qut hiu qu cc bin
php cng trnh, phi cng trnh thc
S TN&MT
S NN&PTNT,
cc s lin quan,
UBND cp huyn
2012-2014

Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
11/11
Thi gian
TH
Ngun vn
hin phng chng, gim thiu tc
hi do nc; mc thit hi do tc
hi ca nc gy ra
- Quy hoch, xy dng h thng
phng chng l, lt trn lu vc sng
Cu
- Cc bin php khc phc, phng
chng, gim thiu tc hi.
6
Chng trnh tuyn truyn nng cao
nhn thc, kin thc v BKH
- ND a ni dung mn hc BKH
vo bi ging trong cc trng i hc
tnh
- Tuyn truyn trong cng ng
S TN&MT
Cc t chc
chnh tr x hi
2011-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
HTQT
VIII Chng trnh 8: Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng v tham gia ca cng ng trong bo v mi trng
1
Xy dng chin lc truyn thng bo
v mi trng 2011 - 2020
UBND tnh ph duyt chin lc S TN&MT
Cc n v lin
quan
2
Thnh lp i ng tuyn truyn vin
BVMT n cp x, phng
Xy dng lc lng truyn thng mi
trng
UBMTTQ S TN&MT 2018-2020
Ngn sch tnh
+ h tr TW +
3
Tng cng nhn thc BVMT cho lnh
o cc cp
T chc cc bui hc tp Ngh quyt,
ch th v BVMT
Ban tuyn
gio Tnh u
S TN&MT 2010-2020 Ngn sch tnh

Dung lng cc bn c lin quan ln nn khng
nh km. Tn cc bn :

1. Bn hnh chnh tnh Thi Nguyn
2. Bn a hnh tnh Thi Nguyn
3. Bn ti nguyn t tnh Thi Nguyn
4. Bn a cht tnh Thi Nguyn
5. Bn ma tnh Thi Nguyn
6. Bn ti nguyn rng tnh Thi Nguyn
7. Bn xi mn t tnh Thi Nguyn
8. Bn cc loi hnh tai bin tnh Thi Nguyn
9. Bn phn vng tnh Thi Nguyn

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