J G Davies

Cell Selection (C1)

and
Cell Re-Selection (C2)
ver 1.10
Dr J G Davies 05 July 01
J G Davies
Changes
03 May 97 Version 1.01
First Creation of this document
05 July 01 Version 1.10
Revision - draft for KGT
J G Davies
C1 Parameter
This parameter is the path loss criterion
C1 = RX_LEV -
- RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
- Max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH-MS_PWR_MAX,0)
RX_LEV the received signal level at the MS
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN minimum received signal level required for
system access
MS_PWR_MAX the maximum power of the mobile, typically the
maximum is 0
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH the Maximum power level a mobile may use when
accessing the system, typically this value is 0
Typically Max(.) =0 and simply the equation becomes:
C1 = RX_LEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
this means C1 is the number of dB that the MS is greater than the minimum access
requirement.
J G Davies
C1 Examples
For a system where the minimum access level is -104 then
Receieved signal C1
.. ..
.. ..
-98 dBm 6
-99 dBm 5
-100 dBm 4
-101 dBm 3
-102 dBm 2
-103 dBm 1
-104 dBm 0
-105 dBm 0
C1 has a minimum value of 0, but you will sometimes see a minimum of1 - this is due to
the mobile functionality since a value of 0 actually would mean NO signal and no detection
should have occurred.
J G Davies
C2 Parameter
C2 is the reselection criterion and is used to determine which cell the mobile will monitor
CELL_RESLECT_PARAM_IND Indicates whether C2 parameters are broadcast
Y/N
Nokia MML name = PI
Settings:
CELL_RESLECT_PARAM_IND = N
then C2=C1 and no other parameters will matter
CELL_RESLECT_PARAM_IND = Y
then C2 is calculated using additional parameters that are sent via the
broadcast control channel for each cell as detailed as follows.
J G Davies
Additional C2 Parameters
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET A level offset
0.126 dB (2 db step)
Nokia MML name = REO
TEMPORARY_OFFSET A temporary level offset
0.70 dB (1 db step)
Nokia MML name = TEO
PENALTY_TIME A penalty timer
20.640 seconds (20 s step)
Value in the dump = (Penalty_Time / 20 ) - 1
Nokia MML name = PET
CELL BAR QUALIFY Determines the access rule for the cell bar
If set then the cell would only be selected
if no other valid cells exist
Y/N
Nokia MML name = QUA
J G Davies
C2 Process
On decoding a cell which is in the strongest neighbour list then:
A counter T is started to run and C2 evaluated depending on that value, the offset and
penalty time values are potentially different for each neighbour (extracted from the
neighbours BCCH)
If CELL RESELECT PARAM IND = FALSE then
C2 = C1
If CELL RESELECT PARAM IND = TRUE then
If the counter T < PENALTY TIME
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY OFFSET
If the counter T >= PENALTY TIME
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
If the neighbour is the last serving cell
T = PENALTY TIME and C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
For the serving cell:
If CELL RESELECT PARAM IND is TRUE then
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
else
C2=C1
Thus we may consider that before T=PENALTY_TIME that the value of C2 for the the adjacent
cells will be low and will become a higher value after remaining in the adjacent list for a long
time.
J G Davies
Real Case Examples
Imagine there are two types of site in a network
Indoor cells
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 5 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 5 dB
PENALTY_TIME 120 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
Macro cells
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 5 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME 0 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
Imagine a mobile going from Outdoor => Indoor
Initially, outdoorC2 = C1 + 5 dB and indoorC2 = C1 + 5 - 5 dB (= C1)
There would be some restriction for mobiles who just run in and out within 120s
Imagine a mobile going from Indoor => Outdoor
Initially, indoorC2 = C1 + 5 dB and outdoorC2 = C1 + 5 dB
Normal situation and direct comparison of signals
J G Davies
Real Case Examples
Imagine there are two types of site in a network
Indoor cell - upper floors
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 15 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME 20 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
Macro cells
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME 0 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
Basically the indoor cell will always look 15 dB better than the other macro cells.
J G Davies
Real Case Examples
SCELL - is the macro best server with
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 3 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME 0 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
NCELL - is a neighbour micro-cell with
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET 10 dB
PENALTY_TIME 80 s
CELL BAR QUALIFY N
Counting from an arbitrary start time (before NCELL is decoded):
the best serving cell signal strength (C1) is around -68 dBm
the best serving cell C2 value is (-68 + 3) = -65 dBm
After perhaps 40 seconds, the adjacent cell appears in the top six list in the mobile:
the neighbour cell signal strength (C1) is around -61 dBm
the neighbour cell C2 value is (-61 - 10) = -71 dBm
therefore, no re-selection is made
After perhaps a further 80 seconds (NCELL penalty timer expires):
the neighbour cell signal strength (C1) is still around -61 dBm
the neighbour cell C2 value is (-63) = -61 dBm
provided that no other hysteresis exists (like LAC/RAI border or GPRS setting) then a cell
re-selection should occur within 5 seconds.
Re-selection should occur
J G Davies
Example C2 WO
WO Item #1 will activate the C2 parameter sending on BCCH
WO Item #2/3/4 change the offsets and penalty time
Cell Parameter Work Order: CPWO-N1-01-0215
Enable C2 f or 52024
Please email the changes when the Work Order is completed
Please change BCCH and BSIC for the incoming adjacent cell and adjacent cell lists
# BSID CLUSTER CELLID OMC# BSS# BTS# ADD/REM/CHG OBJECT PARAMETER VALUE COMMENT
1 52024A N107 1224 NOK1 44444 102 CHG BTS CELL_RESLECT_PARAM_IND (PI) Y Testing of C2 re-selection criteria
2 52024A N107 1224 NOK1 44444 102 CHG BTS CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (REO) 6 Testing of C2 re-selection criteria
3 52024A N107 1224 NOK1 44444 102 CHG BTS TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TEO) 10 dB Testing of C2 re-selection criteria
4 52024A N107 1224 NOK1 44444 102 CHG BTS PENALTY_TIME (PET) 40 s Testing of C2 re-selection criteria
Date 04-Jul-01
WO Inf ormation
Engineer Gary Davies
Approval JGD
E
X
A
M
P
L
E
J G Davies
C2 Notes
The timer T is started for each cell individually, the basic idea is that the mobile
will stick to the serving cell and will only change on two conditions:
1 The mobile spend a lot of time under the adjacent cell so that the
penalty time expires
2 The adjacent cells C2 value is greater than the camped-on cells C2 value
(CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS is calculated on top of the C2 values)
Be very careful setting the value of CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - remember that
adjacent channels have only only -9 dB safety margin
(A CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS can also make the problem worse)