1. !

"# %&'()*'+ '&() CurLIIuge: MeckeI's (MundIbIe, MuIIeus,

MundIbuIur)
MuscIes: MuscIes oI musLIcuLIon
(MusseLer, medIuI pLerygoIds, MyIoIyoId)
Nerves: CN Vz, V
-CIew
2. !"# %&'()*'+
,-.()
MIddIe eur cuvILy
EusLucIIun Lube
MusLoId uIr ceIIs
3. /01 %&'()*'+
'&()
CurLIIuge: ReIcIerL's (SLupes, SLyIoId,
SLyIoIyoId)
MuscIes:SLupedIus, SLyIoIyoId
Nerves:CN ;
-SmIIe
4. /01 %&'()*'+
,-.()
EpILIeIIuI IInIng oI puIuLIne LonsII
5. 2&1 %&'()*'+
'&()
CurLIIuge: GreuLer Iorn oI IyoId
MuscIes: SLyIopIuryngeus
Nerves: CN q
-SwuIIow sLyIIsIIy
6. 2&1 %&'()*'+
,-.()
DorsuI wIngs
-nIerIor puruLIyroIds
VenLruI wIngs
-TIymus
sLrucLures
TIymus, rIgIL & IeIL puruLIyroIds
7. 3#) %&'()*'+
,-.()
DorsuI wIngs
-SuperIor puruLIyroId
8. 3#)45#) %&'()*'+
'&()6"
CurLIIuge: TIyroId, crIcoId,
MuscIes:
q = pIuryngeuI consLrIcLors
6 = InLrInsIc muscIes oI Iurynx
Nerves:
q = CN X (superIor IuryngeuI bruncI)
-SImpIy swuIIow
6 = CN X (recurrenL IuryngeuI bruncI)
-Speuk
9. 78"60(6 "6*9.&6 BrIeI (usuuIIy Iess LIun zo seconds),
generuIIzed epIIepLIc seIzures oI sudden
onseL und LermInuLIon
CIInIcuIIy, LIe ImpuIrmenL oI
conscIousness (ubsence)
EIecLroencepIuIogrupIy (EEG) sIows
generuIIzed spIke-und-sIow wuve
dIscIurges -Hz
10. '(.#6 *"()6:*(
*0;.&< = >*106<
?*01*0@"A
AcuLe TubuIur NecrosIs - Muddy Brown
CusLs wILI epILIeIIuI ceIIs
11. 7??*0*#< (-+.:0
()&-:'#-@&'B)<
MeLIod oI sepuruLIng
bIocIemIcuI mIxLures
-Bused on u IIgIIy specIIIc
InLerucLIon sucI us LIuL
beLween unLIgen und
unLIbody, enzyme und
subsLruLe, or recepLor und
IIgund.
Cun be used Lo.
1. PurIIy und concenLruLe u
subsLunce Irom u mIxLure InLo
u buIIerIng soIuLIon
z. Reduce LIe umounL oI u
subsLunce In u mIxLure
. DIscern wIuL bIoIogIcuI
compounds bInd Lo u
purLIcuIur subsLunce
q. PurIIy und concenLruLe un
enzyme soIuLIon.
12. 7?&*('0 7:6&*('0C
8*+'#6&'+ )*+'& '160-B'#)<C
&*@) B'&'#&'()6'+ 0-16
60+'&@:60#C 0-0('"6'#*0@
@&'0.+-:' =AAA
surcoIdosIs (eLInIcILy Is rIsk
IucLor)
13. 7+8*0*": CongenILuI deIIcIency In:
TyrosInuse
DeIecLIve LyrosIne LrunsporLer
(! LyrosIne " ! meIunIn)
Cun resuIL Irom Iuck oI
mIgruLIon oI neuruI cresL ceIIs
uck oI meIunIn resuILs In #
rIsk oI skIn cuncer
14. 7::-0*' "-.&(6 *0
'::-0*-'@606"*"
AspurLuLe & GUTAMNE
donuLe NHq ( umonIu ) In
renuI ummonIuugenesIs
!"#$ &' ()*+),
Study online at !"#$%&'()*+,-&./0)
15. 7::-0*'@606"*" Occurs wILIIn proxImuI
LubuIur ceIIs
GIuLumIne mude In LIe
IIver, Is receIved Irom
perILubuIur cupIIIurIes und
Is meLuboIIzed InLo
1. AIpIu-keLo gIuLuruLe
(MeLuboIIzed IurLIer InLo
Lwo HCO- Ions, wIIcI
LIen Ieuve LIe ceII und enLer
sysLemIc cIrcuIuLIon by
crossIng LIe busoIuLeruI
membrune)
z. NHq+ (SecreLed InLo
renuI LubuIes)
16. 70'8-+*( "#6&-*1" euds Lo # sex-Iormone
bIndIng gIobuIIn ! Iree
LesLosLerone
-GynecomusLIu resuILs
17. 706:*' ! Hb concenLruLIon cuuses
! O$ conLenL oI bIood "
IypoxIu
18. '06.&<": -? ,D7A ocuIomoLor nerve puIsy
(NOT Horner's)
19. 7&()6" 2 E 3 PosLerIor 1J oI Longue
20. 7F, (-0(60#&'#*-0 1-6"0G#
?'++ :.() 1&*0@ 0-&:'+
#H*#()6" 86('."6A
ATP Is quIckIy regeneruLed
Irom creuLIne pIospIuLe
21. 7I-*1'0# ,6&"-0'+*#<
J*"-&16&
ConsIder LIemseIves Lo be
socIuIIy InepL or personuIIy
unuppeuIIng und uvoId
socIuI InLerucLIon Ior Ieur oI
beIng rIdIcuIed, IumIIIuLed,
re|ecLed, or dIsIIked
22. 8'8<C &6"B*&'#-&< 1*"#&6""C
(<'0-"*"C 0'&&-H #)-&'KC
6'&" H*#) B6&*'.&*(.+'& ">*0
#'@"C :*(&-@0'#)*'C
@+-""-B#-"*"C :'01*8.+'&
(+6?#C ")-&# B'+'#6 = H)*()
'&#()A
IIrsL urcI (TreucIer-
CoIIIns)
23. %'(*++." ".8#*+*" Grum-posILIve, cuLuIuse-posILIve
bucLerIum
Rod-sIuped
Hus LIe ubIIILy Lo Iorm u LougI,
proLecLIve endospore, uIIowIng LIe
orgunIsm Lo LoIeruLe exLreme
envIronmenLuI condILIons
OnIy known Lo cuuse dIseuse In
severeIy ImmunocompromIsed
puLIenLs
24. %'(#6&-*16" ?&'@*+*" Grum-neguLIve bucIIIus bucLerIum
specIes
nvoIved In qo% oI unuerobIc
perILoneuI InIecLIons
PredomInuLes In bucLeremIu
ussocIuLed wILI InLruubdomInuI
InIecLIons, perILonILIs und
ubscesses IoIIowIng rupLure oI
vIscus, und subcuLuneous
ubscesses or burns neur LIe unus
25. 8+'"# B&-+*?6&'#*-0C
6-"*0-B)*+"A
CM (q:zz) responds Lo ImuLInIb
26. %&'()*'+ 7&()6"
L,06.:-0*(M
WIen uL LIe goIden urcIes,
1. CIew
z. SmIIe
. swuIIow sLyIIsIIy or q. sImpIy
swuIIow
6. speuk
TIere Is no !
27. %&'()*'+ B-.()
B06.:-0*(
Eur, LonsIIs, boLLom Lo Lop
1(eur)
z(LonsIIs)
dorsuI (boLLom Ior InIerIor
LIyroId)
venLruI (Lo = LIymus)
q (Lop = superIor puruLIyroIds)
28. %&-('G" 'B)'"*' NonIIuenL upIusIu wILI InLucL
compreIensIon.
29. 8&-H048+'(>C :-##+61C
"('+<C *&&6@.+'&
8-&16&"C '#<B*('+
:6+'0-(<#6" '+-0@
8'"*+'& +'<6&A
IenLIgo muIIgnu (meIunomu)
30. D'&8':*0-)6:-@+-8*0 CO$ bound Lo IemogIobIn
-AccounL Ior very smuII umounL oI
CO$ In bIood
31. D'&8-0 :-0-K*16
B-*"-0*0@
! O$ conLenL oI bIood " IypoxIu
32. D'&0*#*06
16?*(*60(<
nubIIILy Lo LrunsporL CA (ong cIuIn IuLLy
ucIds) InLo mILocIondrIu
ResuILs In LoxIc uccumuIuLIon In LIe cyLopIusm
Cuuses weukness, IypoLonIu, IypokeLoLIc
IypogIycemIu
33. D'"6 D-0#&-+ Two exIsLIng groups dIIIerIng In ouLcome ure
IdenLIIIed und compured on LIe busIs oI some
supposed cuusuI uLLrIbuLe
34. D'"6 "6&*6" MedIcuI reseurcI descrIpLIve sLudy LIuL:
1. Trucks puLIenLs wILI u known exposure
gIven sImIIur LreuLmenL
z. ExumInes LIeIr medIcuI records Ior
exposure und ouLcome
Cun be reLrospecLIve or prospecLIve
UsuuIIy InvoIves u smuIIer number oI puLIenLs
LIun more powerIuI cuse-conLroI sLudIes or
rundomIzed conLroIIed LrIuIs
Muy be consecuLIve or non-consecuLIve
-Depends on wIeLIer uII cuses presenLIng Lo
LIe reporLIng uuLIors over u perIod were
IncIuded, or onIy u seIecLIon
Muy be conIounded by seIecLIon bIus
-ImILs sLuLemenLs on LIe cuusuIILy oI
correIuLIons observed
-PIysIcIuns wIo Iook uL puLIenLs wILI u
cerLuIn IIIness und u suspecLed IInked
exposure wIII Iuve u seIecLIon bIus In LIuL LIey
Iuve druwn LIeIr puLIenLs Irom u nurrow
seIecLIon (TIeIr IospILuI)
35. (6&I*('+
('0(6&
1&'*0" #-A
InLernuI IIIuc nodes
36. D)+-&-N.*06C
B&*:'N.*06
OP7
CIIoroquIe kIIIs muIurIuJ PrImuquIne kIIIs
IypnozoILes
37. D)&-0*(
QFRC )6'I<
)6'&#A
HyperLropIy oI IeurL
38. D)&-0*(
:<6+-@60-."
+6.>6:*'
LDOSM
MyeIoId sLem ceII proIIIeruLIon (o-6o yeur
oIds)
- # neuLropIIIs, meLumyeIocyLes, busopIIIs,
L(q;zz)
ow IeukocyLe uIkuIIne pIospIuLuse (us
opposed Lo IeukemoId reucLIon)
39. D+-"#&*1*.:
B6&?&*0@60"
Grum-posILIve, rod-sIuped, unuerobIc, spore-
IormIng bucLerIum
nIecLIons sIow evIdence oI LIssue necrosIs,
bucLeremIu, empIysemuLous cIoIecysLILIs,
und gus gungrene
ToxIn InvoIved In gus gungrene Is known us
o-LoxIn
-nserLs InLo LIe pIusmu membrune oI ceIIs,
producIng gups In LIe membrune LIuL dIsrupL
normuI ceIIuIur IuncLIon
40. DOS
#&6'#:60#
muLInIb. BCR-AB q:zz
41. D-:B+6#6
)<1'#*1*?-&:
:-+6
Cuused by u sIngIe (qo%) or Lwo (1o%) sperm
combInIng wILI un egg wIIcI Ius IosL ILs
DNA
TIe genoLype Is LypIcuIIy q6,XX (dIpIoId)
42. D-:B+6K
B'&#*'+
"6*9.&6
OILen preceded by u seIzure uuru.
-A sImpIe purLIuI seIzure.
Auru muy munIIesL ILseII us u IeeIIng oI d|u
vu, |umuIs vu, Ieur, eupIorIu or
depersonuIIzuLIon.
SeIzure uuru mIgIL uIso occur us u vIsuuI
dIsLurbunce, sucI us LunneI vIsIon or u
cIunge In LIe sIze oI ob|ecLs (mucropsIu or
mIcropsIu).
Once conscIousness Is ImpuIred, LIe person
muy dIspIuy uuLomuLIsms sucI us IIp
smuckIng, cIewIng or swuIIowIng.
TIere muy uIso be Ioss oI memory (umnesIu)
surroundIng LIe seIzure evenL.
Person muy sLIII be ubIe Lo perIorm rouLIne
Lusks sucI us wuIkIng, uILIougI sucI
movemenLs ure noL purposeIuI or pIunned.
WILnesses muy noL recognIze LIuL unyLIIng Is
wrong.
43. D-0@60#*-
B)'&<0@-4
(.#'06-."
?*"#.+'
PersIsLence oI cIeIL und poucI " IIsLuIu
beLween LonsIIIur ureu, cIeIL In IuLeruI neck
44. D<'0*16
B-*"-0*0@
! O$ uLIIIzuLIon by LIssues " IypoxIu
45. D<#'&'8*06 PyrImIdIne unuIog " InIIbILIon oI
DNA poIymeruse
eukemIu, IympIomus
ToxIcILy: eukopenIu,
TIrombocyLopenIu, MeguIobIusLIc
unemIu
46. 16?6(# *0 *)*8*#-&< RF
= "6*9.&6"C ?+-BB< 8'8<
gIycIne recepLor
47. 16?6(# *0 &60'+
'::-0*'@606"*"C
H)*() ".8"#&'#6 *"
"-.&(6 -? '::-0*'
B&-1.(#*-0A
gIuLumIne (und uspurLuLe donuLe
NHq In ugenesIs)
48. J60"*#< T&'1*60#
D60#&*?.@6
Used Lo sepuruLe cerLuIn orguneIIes
Irom wIoIe ceIIs Ior IurLIer
unuIysIs oI specIIIc purLs oI ceIIs
1. A LIssue sumpIe Is IIrsL
IomogenIsed Lo breuk LIe ceII
membrunes und mIx up LIe ceII
conLenLs.
z. TIe IomogenuLe Is LIen
sub|ecLed Lo repeuLed
cenLrIIuguLIons, eucI LIme
removIng LIe peIIeL und IncreusIng
LIe cenLrIIuguI Iorce.
. InuIIy, purIIIcuLIon muy be
done LIrougI equIIIbrIum
sedImenLuLIon, und LIe desIred
Iuyer Is exLrucLed Ior IurLIer
unuIysIs.
49. J60#'+ B&-(61.&6C
8.@A
SLrep MILIs - uIpIu IemoIyLIc
50. J6-K<)6:-@+-8*0 BeLLer buIIer Ior H% LIun
oxyIemogIobIn
-AdvunLugeous LIuL IemogIobIn
Ius been deoxygenuLed by LIe LIme
IL reucIes LIe venous end oI LIe
cupIIIurIes
51. JUV7 16(&6'"61 8-06
160"*#<
Increused osLeocIusL, RANK,
decreused osLeobIusL ucLIvILy
52. J*'86#*( 06.&-B'#)<
B'*0A
burnIng puIn
53. J*'86#*( 06.&-B'#)<
"<:B#-:"
Numbness, LIngIIng, ED, UrInury
InconLInence, VIsIon cIunges,
DIzzIness, MuscIe weukness
BurnIng or eIecLrIc puIn
54. J*'B)-&6"*" ExcessIve sweuLIng
55. J*T6-&@6 "<01&-:6 AberrunL deveIopmenL oI rd & qLI
poucIes:
T-ceII deIIcIency (LIymIc upIusIu)
HypocuIcemIu (IuIIure oI
puruLIyroId deveIopmenL)
56. JW7C @*I6
*0".+*0C
*0(&6'"6"
'(#*I*#< -? H)*()
609<:6A
gIucokInuse
57. 1&.@ -I6&1-"6A respIruLory ucIdosIs
58. J<"-"#-"*"
:.+#*B+6K
HeredILury dIseuse (uuLosomuI recessIve)
consIsLIng oI un error Is
mucopoIysuccIurIde meLuboIIsm
CIurucLerIzed by severe ubnormuIILIes In
deveIopmenL oI skeIeLuI curLIIuge und bone
und menLuI reLurduLIon
59. U;6(#*-0
X&'(#*-0
6N.'#*-0
SVJEDV (EDV-ESV)JEDV
60. 6+6I'#61 I6&<4
+-0@4()'*0 X7C
B)<#'0*( '(*1C
B*B6(-+*( '(*1 =
'8"60(6 -?A
peroxIsomes (cuuses IypoLonIu, poor
IeedIng)
61. U,P 1-B*0@ = A EPO wIII Increuse RBC's eryLIroId
precursors
62. U&<#)&-B-*6#*0 Ls prImury eIIecL on red bIood ceII
progenILors und precursors (wIIcI ure
Iound In LIe bone murrow In Iumuns) Is
promoLIng LIeIr survIvuI LIrougI
proLecLIng LIese ceIIs Irom upopLosIs
63. UK(6""
+<:B)-8+'"#"
Age < 1
ound In ucuLe IympIobIusLIc IeukemIu
(A)
TdT+ (Murker oI pre-L & pre-b ceIIs)
CAA+
L(1z;z1) = good prognosIs
ncreused IncIdence In peopIe wILI Down
Syndrome
64. X6&&-()6+'#'"6 eud poIsonIng
AccumuIuLes:
ProLoporpIyrIn, -AA
MIcrocyLIc unemIu, G und kIdney dIseuse.
CIIIdren-exposure Lo Ieud puInL -+ menLuI
deLerIoruLIon
AduILs-envIronmenLuI exposure (buLLeryJ
ummunILIonJrudIuLor IucLory) -+
IeuducIe, memory Ioss, demyeIInuLIon
65. T606&'+*961
#-0*( (+-0*(
GeneruIIzed seIzure LIuL uIIecLs LIe enLIre
bruIn
DIvIded InLo Lwo pIuses, LIe LonIc pIuse
und LIe cIonIc pIuse. Preceded by uuru
TonIc = skeIeLuI muscIes Lense
CIonIc = RupId conLrucLIon und reIuxuLIon
oI muscIes
66. @6&:+*06
:-"'*(*":
produces dIseuse LIuL Is noL currIed by
purenL's somuLIc ceIIs
67. T+*B*9*16 SuIIonyIureu (sLImuIuLes endogenous
InsuIIn reIeuse)
CIose K+ cIunneI In -ceII membrune =
InsuIIn reIeuse vIu # Cuz+ InIIux.
68. @+-""-B#-"*" Downwurd dIspIucemenL or reLrucLIon oI LIe
Longue
69. T+.(->*0'"6 Iver und ceIIs oI puncreus, Induced by
InsuIIn
ow gIucose = IexokInuse sequesLers
gIucose In LIe LIssues
HIgI gIucose = excess gIucose Is sLored In
LIe IIver
70. T+.(-"6454
B)-"B)'#'"6
n ER oI IIver, GIucose-6-P " GIucose
DeIIcIenL In Von GIerke's dIseuse (IusLIng
IypogIycemIu, Increused gIycogen In IIver,
Increused bIood IucLuLe, IepuLomeguIy)
71. T+<(-@60
B)-"B)-&<+'"6
RuLe deLermInIng enzyme Ior gIycogenoIysIs
SkeIeLuI componenL deIIcIenL In McArdIe's
dIseuse
-# gIycogen In muscIe, buL cun'L breuk IL
down
-PuInIuI muscIe crumps, myogIobInurIu wJ
sLrenuous exercIse
72. @.< H*#)
.+(6&"C H)'# #-
1- #- *:B&-I6
"<:B#-:"A
sLop smokIng
73. Q!
LQ*"#':*06M
ound on smooLI muscIe, endoLIeIIum, und
cenLruI nervous sysLem LIssue
Cuuses:
BroncIoconsLrIcLIon, BroncIIuI smooLI
muscIe conLrucLIon, VusodIIuLIon,
SepuruLIon oI endoLIeIIuI ceIIs (responsIbIe
Ior IIves), PuIn und ILcIIng due Lo InsecL
sLIngs;
SE = sIeep und uppeLILe suppressIon.
74. QJS H*#) '@6
*0 H-:'0A
HD oI u z yeur oId vs. yeur oId, IIgI In
z, Iow In (esLrogen)
75. )6:6
8*-"<0#)6"*"
B'#)H'<
gIycIne + succ (AA synLIuse) -AA (AA
deIydruLuse) porpIobIIInogen (PBG
deumInuse) HydroxymeLIyIbIIune (uro
synLIuse) UropIyrInogen (Uro
decurboxyIuse) CoproporpIyrInogen
(Copro oxIduse) proLoporpIyrInogen X
(proLo oxIduse) proLopIorpIyrIn (X)
IerrocIeIuLuse + e = HEME
76. Q6:*"B'#*'+
06@+6(#
ResuILs mosL commonIy Irom bruIn In|ury Lo
LIe rIgIL cerebruI IemIspIere, cuusIng vIsuuI
negIecL oI LIe IeIL-Iund sIde oI spuce
A sLroke uIIecLIng LIe rIgIL purIeLuI Iobe oI
LIe bruIn cun Ieud Lo negIecL Ior LIe IeIL sIde
oI LIe vIsuuI IIeId, cuusIng u puLIenL wILI
negIecL Lo beIuve us II LIe IeIL sIde oI sensory
spuce Is nonexIsLenL (uILIougI LIey cun sLIII
Lurn IeIL)
-ExLreme cuse, u puLIenL wILI negIecL mIgIL
IuII Lo euL LIe Iood on LIe IeIL IuII oI LIeIr
pIuLe, even LIougI LIey compIuIn oI beIng
Iungry
-Someone wILI negIecL Is usked Lo druw u
cIock, LIeIr druwIng mIgIL sIow onIy
numbers 1z Lo 6, or uII 1z numbers on one
IuII oI LIe cIock Iuce, LIe oLIer sIde beIng
dIsLorLed or IeIL bIunk
77. Q*"#-06
16'(6#<+'"6
Removes uceLyI groups Irom AA
-AIIows IIsLones Lo wrup DNA more LIgILIy
AcLIons ure opposILe Lo LIuL oI IIsLone
uceLyILrunsIeruse
TIese wouId uIIecL LrunscrIpLIon oI DNA!!!!
78. Q-:-0<:-."
)6:*'0-B"*'
VIsuuI IIeId Ioss LIuL respecLs LIe verLIcuI
mIdIIne, und usuuIIy uIIecLs boLI eyes
VuscuIur und neopIusLIc (muIIgnunL or
benIgn Lumours) IesIons Irom LIe opLIc LrucL,
Lo vIsuuI corLex cun cuuse
-I IesIon Is In opLIc LrucL, wIII be pupIIIury
reIIex probIem!
TIe more posLerIor LIe cerebruI IesIon, LIe
more symmeLrIc (congruous) sympLoms wIII
be
1. Person wIo Ius u IesIon oI LIe rIgIL opLIc
LrucL wIII no Ionger see ob|ecLs on IIs IeIL sIde
z. Person wIo Ius u sLroke Lo LIe rIgIL
occIpILuI Iobe wIII Iuve LIe sume vIsuuI IIeId
deIecL, usuuIIy more congruenL beLween LIe
Lwo eyes, und LIere muy be mucuIur spurIng
79. Q-:-9<@-." ?-& B-*0#
:.#'#*-0 LTF4Y7FM
('."6" ">*BB*0@ -? 6K-0
!/C :6()A
RNA SpIIce error
80. Q-H #- ('+(.+'#6 74'
@&'1*60#
PAOz - PuOz (PAOz=1o -
PuCOzJo.8)
81. Q-H #- *160#*?< ' I'&*'0#
B&-#6*0A
ImmunoIIsLocIemIsLry
82. Q<1&-06B)&-"*" ('."6"A ncreused LubuIur IydrosLuLIc
pressure Irom bIockuge
83. Q<1&-K<.&6' nIIbILs rIbonucIeoLIde
reducLuse " ! DNA SynLIesIs
(S-pIuse specIIIc)
MeIunomu, CM, SIckIe ceII
dIseuse (# Hb)
ToxIcILy:
Bone murrow suppressIon, G
upseL
84. Q<B6&'::-0*' Cun be ucquIred (e.g., IIver
dIseuse) or IeredILury (e.g.,
ureu cycIe enzyme deIIcIencIes)
excess NHq+ " depIeLes u-
keLogIuLuruLe " InIIbILIon oI
TCA cycIe
Rx: IImIL proLeIn In dIeL
85. Q<B6&B'&'#)<&-*1*": SLone, Bones, und Grouns
HypercuIcemIu
HypercuIcIurIu (SLones)
HypopIospIuLemIu
#PTH, #AIk PIos, #cAMP In
urIne
86. Q<B->*06"*" -? ,-"#6&*-&
S6?# Z60#&*(+6A
SLenosIs oI LIe rIgIL coronury
urLery
87. Q<B-I-+6:*([('&1*-@60*(
")-(>
Iow-ouLpuL IuIIure, Increused
TPR, Iow CO, coId, cIummy
(IypovoIemIc = Iow voIume, no
JVD; curdIogenIc = poor
pumpIng, buckIIow, Increused
JVD)
88. Q<B-K6:*' !Puo$ cuuses ! %suLuruLIon oI
IemogIobIn " IypoxIu
89. \ D6++ J*"6'"6 OP7 munnose 6 pIospIuLe uddILIon
uIIows enzymes Lo go Lo
Iysosome, buL LIIs Is deIecLIve =
ubnormuI LurgeLIng oI LIese
enzymes Lo Iysosomes
90. \>% ?.0(#*-0A reIeuses NkB uILer undergoIng
pIospIoryIuLIon
91. \:'#*0*8 A smuII moIecuIur InIIbILor oI
bcr-ubI LyrosIne kInuse
TreuLmenL oI CM (bIusLs,
busopIIIs)
92. \::.0-)*"#-()6:*"#&< Process oI deLecLIng unLIgens
(e.g., proLeIns) In ceIIs oI u LIssue
secLIon by expIoILIng LIe prIncIpIe
oI unLIbodIes bIndIng specIIIcuIIy
Lo unLIgens In bIoIogIcuI LIssues
93. *0(+."*-0 (6++ 1*"6'"6
L\4(6++ 1*"6'"6M
nIerILed IysosomuI sLoruge
dIsorder
uIIure oI uddILIon oI munnose-6-
pIospIuLe Lo Iysosome proLeIns
-Enzymes ure secreLed ouLsIde LIe
ceII InsLeud oI beIng LurgeLed Lo
LIe Iysosome
PresenLuLIon:
Course IucIuI IeuLures
CIouded corneus
ResLrIcLed |oInL movemenL
HIgI pIusmu IeveIs oI IysosomuI
enzymes
94. *0(-:B+6#6 B606#&'0(6
I"] I'&*'8+6 6KB&6""*I*#<
P = noL uII wILI muLunL genoLype
sIow muLunL pIenoLype; VE =
genoLype SAME, pIenoLype vurIes
95. \0".+*0 *0(&6'"6"A gIucokInuse ucLIvILy
96. \0".+*0 "6(&6#*-0 1. GIucose bInds GIuLz recepLor on
-ceIIs
z. GIucose oxIdIzes Lo ATP "
cIoses K% cIunneIs In ceII
membrune " depoIurIzuLIon oI -
ceIIs
. DepoIerIzuLIno opens Cu-%
cIunneIs " # InLruceIIuIur
|Cu-%| " |nume oI LIIs curd|
97. \0#6&0'+ *+*'( +<:B)
0-16"
ReceIve IympIuLIcs Irom:
AII LIe peIvIc vIsceru
Deeper purLs oI LIe perIneum
-membrunous und cuvernous
porLIons oI LIe ureLIru
BuLLock und buck oI LIe LIIgI
CervIx!
NoL: Ovury, LesLIs, or superIor IuII
oI LIe recLum
Gonuds druIn Lo LIe puruuorLIc
IympI nodes
SuperIor IuII oI LIe recLum druIns
Lo LIe pururecLuI IympI nodes
98. \0#6&0'+ .&6#)&'+
-&*?*(6
OpenIng oI LIe urInury bIudder
InLo LIe ureLIru
99. \&&'1*'#61
B'(>61 ^%D"
DesLroys DNA In WBCs
-PrevenLs gruIL vs IosL dIseuse occurrIng
Irom LrunsIusIon
mporLunL II LrunsIusIon Is Irom:
1. CIose IumIIy reIuLIon
z. Someone wIo Is
ImmunocompromIsed (DI George
Syndrome, WIskoLL AIdrIcI, und SCD)
100. \_% ReIeuses N-xB uILer undergoIng
pIospIoryIuLIon
101. S6?# 7K*++'&< +*06
)-+-"<#-+*(
:.&:.&
MILruI Regurg - eIL AxIIIury IIne
IoIosysLoIIc murmur
102. S6?# "*161 )6'&#
?'*+.&6 "*@0"
TucIypneu (Increused ruLe oI breuLIIng)
ncreused work oI breuLIIng (non-
specIIIc sIgns oI respIruLory dIsLress)
RuIes or cruckIes, Ieurd InILIuIIy In LIe
Iung buses, und wIen severe,
LIrougIouL LIe Iung IIeIds
-SuggesL LIe deveIopmenL oI puImonury
edemu (IIuId In LIe uIveoII)
-CyunosIs wIIcI suggesLs severe
IypoxemIu, Is u IuLe sIgn oI exLremeIy
severe puImonury edemu.
103. S6.>6:*' UnreguIuLed growLI oI IeukocyLes In
bone murrow
# or ! In # oI cIrcuIuLIng IeukocyLes In
bIood
Murrow IuIIure " unemIu (!RBC),
InIecLIons (!WBC), IemorrIuge
(!pIuLeIeLs)
nIIILruLes In IIver, spIeen, und IympI
nodes possIbIe
104. S6.>-(*1*0 Type oI cyLoLoxIn creuLed by some Lypes
oI bucLerIu
s u Lype oI pore IormIng LoxIn
GeL LIeIr numes by kIIIIng ("-cIde")
IeukocyLes
AssocIuLed wILI Increused vIruIence oI
cerLuIn sLruIns (IsoIuLes) oI
SLupIyIococcus uureus
Cuuse oI necroLIc IesIons InvoIvIng LIe
skIn or mucosu, IncIudIng necroLIc
IemorrIugIc pneumonIu
105. S*#)*.: *01.(61
R6B)&-@60*( J\C
H)6&6A
CoIIecLIng LubuIe
106. S-'1*0@ 1-"6 Cp x VdJBIouvuIIubIIILy
107. +-0@4()'*04?'##<4
'(*1"A
CA - peroxIsomes
108. S-&'96B': ucIIILuLes GABAu ucLIon by #
Irequency oI CI& cIunneI openIng
Use:
AnxIeLy
SpusLIcILy
SLuLus epIIepLIcus
DeLoxIIIcuLIon
109. S-"" -? +6?# I*"*-0 *0
8-#) 6<6" =A
occIpILuI Iobe IesIon
110. S-H 8+--1 "-+.8*+*#< =
"+-H -& ?'"# *01.(#*-0A
1q1) Iow bIood soIubIIILy --> rupId
InducLIon, Iow poLency
111. +.:B *0 .BB6& 06(>C
:'"" :-I6" .B H*#)
"H'++-H*0@ '01 #-0@.6
B&-#."*-0C .B#'>6 -?
#6()06#*.: ``:
B6&#6()06#'#6C H)'#
#<B6 -? (6++"A
LIyroId IoIIIcIes
112. S<:B)-:' DIscreLe Lumor musses urIsIng
Irom IympI nodes.
113. S<"-"-:'+ "#-&'@6
1*"6'"6
Cuused by IysosomuI dysIuncLIon
usuuIIy us u consequence oI
deIIcIency oI u sIngIe enzyme
requIred Ior LIe meLuboIIsm oI
IIpIds, gIycoproLeIns (sugur
conLuInIng proLeIns) or so-cuIIed
mucopoIysuccIurIdes
WIen u purLIcuIur IysosomuI
enzyme exIsLs In Loo smuII un
umounL or Is mIssIng uILogeLIer,
subsLunces uccumuIuLe In LIe ceII.
n oLIer words, wIen LIe
Iysosome doesn'L IuncLIon
normuIIy, excess producLs
desLIned Ior breukdown und
recycIIng ure sLored In LIe ceII.
114. O'*0#60'0(6 1-"6 Cp x CJ
115. O6@'+-8+'"#-"*"
LO6@'+-8+'"#*(
'06:*'M
ResuILs Irom InIIbILIon oI DNA synLIesIs
In red bIood ceII producLIon
-MosL oILen due Lo IypovILumInosIs,
specIIIcuIIy u deIIcIency oI vILumIn B1z
undJor IoIIc ucId
CIurucLerIzed by:
Muny Iurge ImmuLure und dysIuncLIonuI
red bIood ceIIs (meguIobIusLs) In LIe bone
murrow
HypersegmenLed neuLropIIIs (LIose
exIIbILIng IIve or more nucIeur Iobes
("segmenLs"), wILI up Lo Iour Iobes beIng
normuI)
116. O6+'0-:'
7%DJU
AsymmeLry, Border IrreguIurILy, CoIor
vurIuLIon, DIumeLer >6 mm, EvoIuLIon
over LIme
117. O6"-8+'"#*(
06B)&-:'
Type oI kIdney Lumor LIuL Is usuuIIy Iound
beIore bIrLI by uILrusound or wILIIn LIe
IIrsL monLIs oI IIIe.
L conLuIns IIbrobIusLIc ceIIs (connecLIve
LIssue ceIIs), und muy spreud Lo LIe oLIer
kIdney or Lo neurby LIssue
118. :6#'8-+*(
'+>'+-"*" H*#)
I-+.:6
(-0#&'(#*-0
Ioop dIureLIc
119. :6#'"#'*( (-+-0
('0(6& "B&6'1
OP7
HemuLogenous spreud oI Iver Tumor
Irom CoIon vIu PorLuI Venous SysLem
120. O*()'6+*"
(-0"#'0# LW:M
=A
Km = 1Jz Vmux
121. :*(&-@0'#)*' Juw Is undersIzed
122. OP7 \W% Ikb --> N-KB posL pIospIoryIuLIon Ior
-1J-6 Iever InducLIon
123. O<-?*8&-8+'"# CeII LIuL Is In beLween u IIbrobIusL und u
smooLI muscIe ceII In dIIIerenLIuLIon
Cun conLrucL by usIng smooLI muscIe Lype
ucLIn-myosIn compIex, rIcI In u Iorm oI
ucLIn cuIIed uIpIu-smooLI muscIe ucLIn
-TIese ceIIs ure LIen cupubIe oI speedIng
wound repuIr by conLrucLIng LIe edges oI
LIe wound
124. R6B)&-8+'"#-:'
La*+:" #.:-&M
MosL common renuI muIIgnuncy
oI eurIy cIIIdIood (Age z-q)
ConLuIns embryonIc gIomeruIur
sLrucLure. PresenLs wILI Iuge
IIunk muss J IemuLurIu. DeIeLIon
oI WT1 on cIromosome 11
Cun be IypervuscuIur
125. RX4_% AcLIvuLIon occurs wIen IL's
InIIbILor, -xB, Is pIospIoryIuLed
by specIIIc proLeIn kInuse (KK) &
degruded
126. 0-&:'+ )6'&# H6*@)#
L3bcMC 60+'&@61 '#
5cc@ '?#6& B--&+<
(-0#&-++61 QFRA
IyperLropIy
127. P(.+-:-#-& B'+"<
?&-: '06.&<":A
PosLerIor CommunIcuLIng ArLery
Anuerysm
128. P+'09'B*06 ALypIcuI unLIpsycIoLIc
Use:
ScIIzopIrenIu - boLI +ve und -ve
BIpoIur, OCD, unxIeLy dIsorder,
depressIon, munIu
ewer exLrupyrumIduI sIde eIIecLs
LIun LrudILIonuI unLIpsycIoLIcs
129. P+*@-:60-&&)6' Increused esLrogen In udIpose
LIssue
130. PB#*( ()*'": +6"*-0 BILemporuI unopIu
131. -B#*( 06&I6C D)*'":C
-B#*( #&'(#
purIeLuI IesIon = opLIc LrucL IesIon
132. P&@'0-B)-"B)'#6
B-*"-0*0@4 ?*&"#
'0#*1-#6
ALropIne IIrsLJPruIIdoxIme second
133. PK<#-(*0 SLImuIuLes Iubour
ULerIne conLrucLIon
MIIk IeL down
ConLroIs uLerIne IemorrIuge
134. ,'(>61 ^%D" H*#)
'160*064"'+*06 '1161
AIIows LIe bIood Lo IIow reudIIy
wILIouL LIe uddILIon oI suIIne
135. B'*0 '""-(*'#61 H*#)
1*'86#*( 06.&-B'#)<A
burnIng puIn
136. B'*0 *0 ")-.+16&C
&6B&-1.(61 H*#)
&6"*"#61 '81.(#*-0 '#
`cC @*I*0@ #).:8"
1-H0
supruspInuLus
137. ,'*0 .BB6& '81-:60C
&6?6&61 #- ")-.+16&
DIupIrum uIceruLIon pIrenIc
nerve
138. ,'*0 H*#) #).:8"
1-H0C ")-.+16&" .B
Arm up TIumbs down sIgn...
supruspInuLus...
139. B'0(&6'#*( ('0(6&
'""-(*'#61 H*#)A
depressIon
140. B'&'6"-B)'@6'+
)6&0*'
porLIon oI gusLrIc Iundus IernIuLes
LIrougI LIe dIupIrugm
141. B'&'#)<&-*1
'160-:'C 16(&6'"61A
cuIcIum concenLruLIon In Ieces
142. ,'&*6#'+ +-86 +6"*-0 ower quudrunLIc unopIu
143. ,'&#*'+ )<1'#*1*?-&:
:-+6
Occurs wIen un egg Is IerLIIIzed by
Lwo sperm or by one sperm wIIcI
redupIIcuLes ILseII yIeIdIng LIe
genoLypes oI 6q,XXY
144. ,'&#*'+ I" (-:B+6#6
:-+6
PurLIuI 1 egg Lwo sperm 6qXXY vs
puLernuI compIeLe q6XX z sperm
no egg
145. ,6B#*( .+(6&" CIronIc InIIummuLIon due Lo
HeIIcobucLer pyIorI LIuL coIonIzes
LIe unLruI mucosu
NSADs
Some sLudIes Iuve Iound
correIuLIons beLween smokIng und
uIcer IormuLIon
CuIIeIne und coIIee, uIso commonIy
LIougIL Lo cuuse or exucerbuLe
uIcers, Iuve noL been Iound Lo
uIIecL uIcers Lo uny sIgnIIIcunL
exLen
146. ,6&-K*"-:6 Membrune-encIosed orguneIIe
InvoIved In cuLuboIIsm oI very Iong
IuLLy ucIds (VA) & umIno ucIds
147. ,)-"B)-60-+B<&.I'#6
('&8-K<>*0'"6
rreversIbIe enzyme In
GIuconeogenesIs
148. ,)-"B)-&<+'"6 >*0'"6 A componenL oI GIuconeogenesIs
149. ,)<#'0*( '(*1 BruncIed cIuIn IuLLy ucId LIuL
Iumuns cun obLuIn LIrougI LIe
consumpLIon oI duIry producLs,
rumInunL unImuI IuLs, und cerLuIn
IIsI
Undergoes o-oxIduLIon In LIe
peroxIsome, wIere IL Is converLed
InLo prIsLunIc ucId by LIe removuI
oI one curbon
150. B*0B-*0# B.B*+"C
.0(-0"(*-."
IeroIn OD
151. ,*B6(-+*( '(*1 AccumuIuLes In PIpecoIIc ucIdemIu
- Very rure uuLosomuI recessIve meLuboIIc
dIsorder LIuL Is cuused by u peroxIsomuI
deIecL
152. ,+'(60#' '((&6#' AbnormuIIy deep uLLucImenL oI LIe
pIucenLu Lo LIe myomeLrIum wILIouL
peneLruLIng IL.
PIucenLu grows compIeLeIy LIrougI LIe
endomeLrIum
GreuL rIsk oI IuemorrIuge durIng
pIucenLuI removuI
-CommonIy requIres surgery Lo sLem LIe
bIeedIng und IuIIy remove LIe pIucenLu
-n severe Iorms cun oILen Ieud Lo u
IysLerecLomy or be IuLuI
153. ,-&B)-8*+*0-@60
16':*0'"6
AcuLe InLermILLenL porpIyrIu
AccumuIuLes:
PorpIobIIInogen, -AA, uroporpIyrIn
P's
1. PuInIuI ubdomen
z. PorL wIne-coIored urIne
. PoIyneuropuLIy
q. PsycIoIogIcuI dIsLurbunces
. PrecIpILuLed by drugs
154. ,-"#6&*-&
D-::.0*('#*0@
7&#6&<
Common sILe oIsuccuIur (berry)
uneurysm.
CN PuIsy: Eye Is "down und ouL" wILI
pLosIs und pupII dIIuLIon
esIons ure LypIcuIIy uneurysms, noL
sLrokes
155. B-"#B'&#.:
)6:-&&)'@6
#&6'#61 H*#)A
oxyLocIn
156. ,&60'#'+ (-('*06
6??6(#"
AssocIuLed wILI premuLure bIrLI, bIrLI
deIecLs, uLLenLIon deIIcIL dIsorder
157. B&-@6"#*0
()'++60@6 H*#)
H*#)1&'H'+
8+661A
Iow esLrogen producLIon = esLrogen
Increused In udIpose LIssue
158. B&-#6'"6
*0)*8*#-&"
L0'I*&"M
proLeIn processIng (ussmebIIng oI
vIrIons = cIeuve oI poIypepLIde producLs
oI HV mRNA InLo IuncLIonuI purLs)
159. ,FQ Cu+ resorpLIon Irom KIdney (nIIbILs POq
resorpLIon)
SLImuIuLes VIL D. synLI (1,z OH)
-ncreused Cu+ ubsorbed Irom InLesLIne
Cu+ reIeuse Irom bone
# serum cuIcIum
160. ^6(.&&60#
"6I6&6
:<(-8'(#6&*'+
1*"6'"6"
N-gummu recepLor deIecL
161. &60'+ ?'*+.&6
('."6" +-"" -?A
1,z-dIIydroxycIoIecuIcIIeroI (Irom
decreused conversIon vIu 1u-IydroxyIuse
In PCT)
162. ^*@)# D-&-0'&<
7&#6&<
SuppIIes bIood Lo rIgIL venLrIcIe & z-o%
oI IeIL venLrIcIe
n 8% oI puLIenLs, gIves oII posLerIor
descendIng urLery
SuppIIes SA noduI urLery In 6o% oI
puLIenLs
GIve oII bruncI Lo rIgIL murgInuI urLery
I Iungs ure cIeur Lo uuscuILuLIon, no V.
TIInk RV!
163. ^R7 "B+*(6
6&&-&
skIppIng oI exons
164. ^-.+6'.K
?-&:'#*-0
SLucks oI red bIood ceIIs (RBCs) wIIcI
Iorm becuuse oI LIe unIque dIscoId sIupe
oI LIe ceIIs In verLebruLes
CondILIons wIIcI cuuse:
nIecLIons
MuILIpIe myeIomu
nIIummuLory und connecLIve LIssue
dIsorders
Cuncers
Occurs In dIubeLes meIIILus (one oI LIe
cuusuLIve IucLors Ior mIcrovuscuIur
occIusIon In dIubeLIc reLInopuLIy)
165. ^F7! Ld1*"#'+dC
^60'+ #.8.+'&
'(*1-"*"M
DeIecL In coIIecLIng LubuIe's ubIIILy Lo
excreLe H+
urIne pH >.
IypokuIemIu
# rIsk Ior cuIcIum pIospIuLe kIdney
sLones us u resuIL oI # urIne pH und bone
resorpLIon
166. ^F7/
LdB&-K*:'+dC
^60'+ #.8.+'&
'(*1-"*"M
DeIecL In proxImuI LubuIe HCo-
reubsorpLIon
unconI's syndrome
urIne pH < .
IypokuIemIu
# rIsk Ior IypopIospIuLemIc rIckeLs
167. ^F73
Ld)<B6&>'+6:*(dC
^60'+ #.8.+'&
'(*1-"*"M
HypouIdosLeronIsm or Iuck oI coIIecLIng
LubuIe response Lo uIdosLerone
ResuILIng IyperkuIemIu ImpuIrs
ummonIugenesIs In LIe proxImuI LubuIe
! buIIerIng cupucILy und ! urIne pH
168. e] B<-@606"
LT&-.B 7M
TIe bucLerIu beIInd posL-sLrepLococcuI
gIomeruIonepIrILIs
PHuryngILIs cun resuILs In PHever &
gIomeruIonePHrILIs
169. e'+:-06++'
60#6&*('
MosL cuses oI suImoneIIosIs ure cuused
by Iood InIecLed wILI wJ LIIs bucLerIu,
wIIcI oILen InIecLs cuLLIe und pouILry
UsuuIIy does noL need ABs (OnIy II
compIIcuLed In peopIe uL rIsk sucI us
InIunLs, smuII cIIIdren, LIe eIderIy)
-WIII Ieud Lo proIonged IecuI excreLIon oI
bucLerIu
170. e'+:-06++' B-"#
'0#*8*-#*(A
proIonged IecuI excreLemenL posL
unLIbIoLIc
171. e('B)-*1 8-06 MosL commonIy IrucLured curpeI bone,
prone Lo uvuscuIur necrosIs due Lo
reLrogrude bIood suppIy
172. e()*9-*1
B6&"-0'+*#<
1*"-&16&
CIurucLerIzed by u Iuck oI InLeresL In
socIuI reIuLIonsIIps, u Lendency Lowurds
u soIILury IIIesLyIe, secreLIveness,
emoLIonuI coIdness und upuLIy
Muy sImuILuneousIy demonsLruLe u rIcI,
eIuboruLe und excIusIveIy InLernuI
IunLusy worId
173. e(&660*0@ ?-& DJ
:'&>6&"A
mmunoIIsLocIemIsLry
174. e6B#*( ")-(> IIgI-ouLpuL IuIIure, decreused TPR,
dIIuLed urLerIoIes, IIgI venous reLurn,
IoL puLIenL
175. "*16 6??6(# -? Q!
8+-(>6&
drowsIness
176. e*:B+6 B'&#*'+
"6*9.&6"
ConscIousness Is noL ImpuIred
OILen precursors Lo Iurger seIzures, wIere
LIe ubnormuI eIecLrIcuI ucLIvILy spreuds Lo
u Iurger ureu oI (or uII oI) LIe bruIn,
usuuIIy resuILIng In u compIex purLIuI
seIzure or u LonIc-cIonIc seIzure
-n LIIs cuse LIey ure oILen known us un
uuru
177. e+*BB614"#&'01
:*"B'*&*0@
DenuLuruLIon und dIspIucemenL oI LIe
DNA sLrunds, resuILIng In mIspuIrIng oI
LIe compIemenLury buses.
Cun resuIL In eILIer InserLIons or deIeLIons.
nserLIons ure LIougIL Lo be seII-
ucceIeruLIng: us repeuLs grow Ionger, LIe
probubIIILy oI subsequenL mIspuIrIng
evenLs Increuses
178. eR-a J^-, SouLIern = DNA
NorLIern = RNA
WesLern = ProLeIn
179. e-.#)H6"#6&0
8+-#
denLIIIes DNA-bIndIng proLeIns
180. e#'*0 J&.@
6??6(#"
UpreguIuLes D recepLors
181. e#'B) f4#-K*0 TIe mu|or cyLoLoxIc ugenL reIeused by
bucLerIum SLupIyIococcus uureus und LIe
IIrsL IdenLIIIed member oI LIe pore IormIng
beLu-burreI LoxIn IumIIy
182. e#'B)<+-(-((."
'.&6."
-SuperunLIgens (TSST-1) Induce LoxIc
sIock syndrome (TSS), usuuIIy Irom
proIonged Lumpon use. Cuuse non-specIIIc
ucLIvuLIon oI T-ceIIs resuILIng In poIycIonuI
T ceII ucLIvuLIon und mussIve cyLokIne
reIeuse (Ny)
-EnLeroLoxIn LIuL Is LIe cuusuLIve oI
gusLroenLerILIs LIuL Is seII-IImILIng,
cIurucLerIzed by vomILIng und dIurrIeu
one Lo sIx Iours uILer IngesLIon oI LIe LoxIn
wILI recovery In eIgIL Lo zq Iours.
SympLoms IncIude nuuseu, vomILIng,
dIurrIeu, und mu|or ubdomInuI puIn.
-ExIoIIuLIve LoxIns ImpIIcuLed In (SSSS),
wIIcI occurs mosL commonIy In InIunLs
und young cIIIdren. ProLeuse ucLIvILy oI
LIe exIoIIuLIve LoxIns cuuses peeIIng oI LIe
skIn observed wILI SSSS.
OLIer
-ProLeIn A, un gG-bIndIng proLeIn, bInds
Lo LIe c regIon oI un unLIbody
183. e#'#*0 OP7
L.B&6@.+'#6
H)'#AM
D recepLors
184. "#&'#*?*61
"':B+6
NOT rundom, creuLed Lo ensure u more
represenLuLIve sumpIe oI LIe popuIuLIon uL
Iurge (ADHD more IIkeIy In boys LIun
gIrIs, LIereIore ussIgned dIIIerenLIy)
185. e.8"#'0(6
78."6
F6&'#-@60"
AIcoIoI:
eudIng cuuse oI bIrLI deIecLs und menLuI
reLurduLIon; IeLuI uIcoIoI syndrome
CocuIne:
AbnormuI IeLuI deveIopmenL und IeLuI
uddIcLIon; pIucenLuI ubrupLIon
SmokIng:
PreLerm Iubor, pIucenLuI probIems, UGR,
AD-D
186. e.B6&?*(*'+
*0@.*0'+
+<:B) 0-16"
AnuI cunuI (beIow pecLenuLe IIne)
ScroLum
TIIgIs
Ends up In LIese IympI nodes
187. ".B&'"6++'&
:'""C
)-&:-06
6K(6""A
proIucLIn
188. e.B&'"B*0'#." AbducLIon oI LIe urm uL LIe sIouIder |oInL
-MuIn ugonIsL muscIe Ior LIIs movemenL
durIng LIe IIrsL 1o-1 degrees oI ILs urc
Cun LesL:
SIouIder uL qo%
EmpLy cun (WrIsLs pronuLed)
189. F6:B-&'+ +-86
+6"*-0
Upper quudrunLIc unopIu
190. F&'0"?."*-0
'""-(*'#61
TZQ
ResuILs Irom LrunsIusIon oI
ImmunocompeLenL T ceIIs cupubIe oI
engruILIng und InILIuLIng un Immune
response uguInsL recIpIenL unLIgens
TIe mosL suscepLIbIe puLIenL groups ure
LIose wIo ure severeIy
ImmunocompromIsed
Gummu IrrudIuLIon uboIIsIes LIe
proIIIeruLIve ucLIvILy oI LIe IympIocyLes In
LIe donor bIood.
resI Irozen pIusmu und cryoprecIpILuLe do
noL conLuIn vIubIe IympIocyLes und LIus do
noL need Lo be IrrudIuLed
191. F&6'()6&
D-++*0"
e<01&-:6
1sL urcI neuruI cresL IuIIs Lo mIgruLe
-MundIbuIur IypopIusIu
-ucIuI ubnormuIILIes
192. F&*"-:< /! '""-(*'#61
H*#) *0(&6'"61 &*"> -?
H)*() ('0(6&"A
A und AM
193. F<B6 \ 6&&-& SLuLIng LIere Is un eIIecL wIen
none exIsL
194. F<B6 \ 6&&-& = suw u dIIIerence wIen none
exIsLed = p-vuIue (IuIse posILIve
error)
195. F<B6 \\ 6&&-& SLuLIng LIere Is noL un eIIecL wIen
LIere Is one
196. g8*N.*#*0 Tugs proLeIns Ior desLrucLIon by
proLeosome
197. .8*N.*#*0 #'@@61
B&-#6*0" @- H)6&6A
proLeosome Ior degruduLIon
198. g&6#6&*( -&*?*(6 PIuced uL LIe posLero-IuLeruI
ungIes oI LIe LrIgonum vesIcue,
und ure usuuIIy sIIL-IIke In Iorm
199. g&-B-&B)<&*0-@60
16('&8-K<+'"6
PorpIyrIu cuLuneu Lurdu
AccumuIuLes:
UroporpIyrIn (Leu coIored urIne)
BIIsLerIng cuLuneous
pIoLosensILIvILy. MosL common
porpIyrIu.
200. Z'+B&-*( '(*1 A wIde specLrum seIzure
medIcuLIon
-1sL IIne Ior LonIc-cIonIc
NoL Ior sLuLus epIIepLIcus
201. Z'+B&-*( 7(*1 OP7 InIIbILs HSTONE ACETYASE -
HIsLones were In DNA -
LrunscrIpLIon error
202. Z*#':*0 D RequIred Iro LIe IydroxyIuLIon oI
specIIIc purIne und IysIne resIdues
-I deIIcIenL, wIII cuuse scurvy
--nudequuLe IydroxyIuLIon oI
coIIugen pepLIdes
203. a'")61 B'(>61 ^%D" RBCs wusIed In sLerIIe suIIne Lo
remove:
WBCs
yLIc medIuLors
Non-seII unLIgens
MosL useIuI In gA deIIcIenL
persons wIo Iuve cIrcuIuLIng
unLI-gA Abs
-Use ! IebrIIe, urLIcurIuI und
unupIyIucLIc reucLIons
204. a6&0*(>6G"
'B)'"*'
IuenL upIusIu wILI ImpuIred
compreIensIon.
WernIcke's ureu-superIor LemporuI gyrus oI
LemporuI Iobe.
Wordy, buL mukes no sense
205. a)-+6 8+--1 BIood LIuL Is unmodIIIed excepL Ior LIe
presence oI un unLIcouguIunL
UsuuIIy noL used becuuse LIe exLru pIusmu
cun conLrIbuLe Lo LrunsIusIon ussocIuLed
cIrcuIuLory overIoud (TACO), u poLenLIuIIy
dungerous compIIcuLIon
206. a)< 16-K<Q%
('0 ('&&< DP/
86##6& #)'0
PK<Q%A
DeoxyHB = beLLer buIIer
207. a-.01
)6'+*0@
1. nIIummuLory (ImmedIuLe)
-PIuLeIeLs, neuLropIIIs, mucropIuges
z. ProIIIeruLIve (z- duys uILer wound)
-IbrobIusLs, myoIIbrobIusLs, endoLIeIIuI
ceIIs, keruLInocyLes, mucropIuges
-GrunuIuLIon LIssue deposLIon,
ungIogenesIs, wound conLrucLIon (medIuLed
by myoIIbrobIusLs)
. RemodeIIng (1 week uILer wound)
-IbrobIusLs
-Type coIIugen repIuced by Lype
coIIugen
208. h'0':'I*&
OP7
ZunumIvIr MOA - InIIbIL vIrIon reIeuse
209. 9'0':*I*&C
-"6+#':*I*&
OP7
InIIbILs vIrIon reIeuse
210. i47S7
16)<1&'#'"6
eud poIsonIng
AccumuIuLes:
ProLoporpIyrIn, -AA
MIcrocyLIc unemIu, G und kIdney dIseuse.
CIIIdren-exposure Lo Ieud puInL -+ menLuI
deLerIoruLIon
AduILs-envIronmenLuI exposure (buLLeryJ
ummunILIonJrudIuLor IucLory) -+ IeuducIe,
memory Ioss, demyeIInuLIon
211. i47S7
"<0#)'"6
SIderobIusLIc unemIu