IS Project Management

Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

IS Project Management

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

 The end is reached : Project objectives are achieved, or Project is

What is terminated
Introduction
 Temporary does not mean short in duration

a Project ?  Temporary does not apply project`s products or services

 All temporary tasks are not projects
 Temporary nature of projects may apply to other aspects : The
opportunity is temporary and – The project team is temporary

A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken

to create a unique product or service
Examples:
•Developing a new product
 Doing something which has not been done before •Changing the structure of organization
 The project might have repetitive elements •Implementing a new design process
 The characteristics must be progressively
elaborated :
 Elaboration of product characteristics must Operations are not projects: Operations
be coordinated with project scope definition are ongoing and repetitive
 Ideally the scope of the project should
remain constant as the product
characteristics change. Project always begin with
Problem (John J. Rakos)
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Project Management Triangle

Sc
ed
ule
pe
Sco

COST

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 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Progressive Elaboration
Introduction
 Integrates concepts of temporary and unique
As the product is unique it should be progressively elaborated.
 The scope of the project should remain constant even as the
product scope is progressively elaborated.
 Example:
Problem analysis
Requirements specification
Software design
Coding
Testing

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Rich picture of a general software-development process

(Mireles and Jacobo)
Introduction

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

What is a Project management is the application of

knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project
Project
Introduction
activities in order to meet project requirements
Management Requires to balance: Scope, time, cost and quality:
?

Cost
Scope/quality

e
Ti m

 Involves stakeholders with different needs and

expectations
 Involves identified requirements
 Management by projects is not project management.

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Relationship to Other Disciplines

Introduction

Project Management Software estimation

Knowledge and
Life cycles
Practice
Operations: Quality models
Planning
Organizing Management Application
Knowledge and Area Knowledge
Staffing
Practises And Practises
Executing
Controlling

Significance of problem domain knowledge

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Why The Project Fail ? – John J. Rakos

Introduction
Failure at The Start
Do not get off the ground (without a plan)
Unrealistic deadline and budget
Failure in The Development stages
Analysis and design are not documented
The responsibilities are not clear assigned to spesific individuals
Design, testing, and implementation methods are invaluable
Lack of walk-through’s and review
Many project failures are blamed on turnover
Lack of development standard
Brute force techniques such as add more manpower don’t work
Failure at The End
Delivery without thorough debugging
Do not deliver the promised performance
Maintenance cost is too high
Overrun in expense and schedule, unhappy users, damaged reputation,
waste expensive talent, etc
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Project Management Framework

Core Function

Scope Time Cost Quality

Mgt Mgt Mgt Mgt

Tools and Techniques

Stakeholders needs
and expectations

Project Integration Management

HR Comm Risk Procure

Mgt Mgt Mgt Mgt

Facilitating Function

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles
Project Management Framework
Framework&Principles
Integration Management
Plan development
Project plan execution
Overall change control
Cost Management
Resources Planning
Cost estimating
Cost budgeting
Cost control
Comm. Management
Communications Planning
Information distribution
Performance reporting
Administrative closure
Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Scope Management Time Management
Initiation Activity definition
Scope planning Activity sequencing
Scope definition Activity durationestimating
Scope verification Schedule development
Scope change control Schedule control
Quality Management HR Management
Quality planning Organizational planning
Quality assurance Staff acquisition
Quality control Team development
Risk Management Procure Management
Risk identification Procurement planning
Risk quantification Solicitation planning
Risk response development Solicitation
Risk response control Source selection
Contract administration
Contract close-out
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

PROJECT PHASE John J. Rakos

Framework&Principles

Definition Analysis Design Programming System Test Acceptance Operation

Requirements Functional System Design Module Design Integration Acceptance Test Cutover
ACTIVITIES

Go/no Go decision specification ATP Coding Testing Warranty

Proposal Development Re-estimate Sell next project
Proposal Post Project Rev.
Re-estimate Maintenance
Project Management
Reviews
Status Reports
(*) Documentation User Training
DOCUMENTS AND
(MILESTONES)

Module Design Working/ Test Result New system

Requirement Functional (walked thru) Debugged (user S.O.) Operational
Document (*) Spesification Design specifica. System test Plan System (user satis.)
(userS.O.) (user S.O) (walked thru.) (Done) (Proj.Mgr S.O.) User Supported
Analysis Proposal User Documen- Proposal for
(User buys) Estimates and Acceptance test Tation Next project
Preliminary Project plan Plan (user s.o) (started) (user buy)
project plan (re-done) Programs
(resource provider Revised estimates (tested)
S.O) Top level design (done) Project leader
(S.O)

Relative Effort
(PM)

(Total Staff)

(*) The requirements Document may or may not be part of the project
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

The Iterative Model graph shows how the

process is structured along two dimensions

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

The principles of modern software management

Framework&Principles

(Royce Walker)

Base the process on an architecture-first approach

Establish an iterative life-cycle process that

confronts risk early

Transition design methods to emphasize component-based development

Establish a change management environment

Enhance change freedom through tools that support round-trip

engineering

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Capture design artifacts in rigorous, model-based

notation

Instrument the process for objective quality control

and progress assessment

Use a demonstration-based approach to assess

intermediate artifacts

Plan intermediate releases in groups of usage

scenarios with envolving levels of detail

Establish a configurable process that is economically

scalable

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 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Work Breakdown Structure

Framework&Principles

 Determine how to organize the work breakdown

 Time based, i.e. planning/analysis/design/construct/ test/implement
 Deliverable based, i.e. online application/data warehouse/user query
tools
 Geography based, i.e. Chicago Pilot Test/Midwest Region/Eastern
Region
 Other …

 Any breakdown should end up covering all the work

 Sequencing not important for WBS

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Work Breakdown Structure

Framework&Principles

0.0

Level 0 SIA PROJECT

SIA PROJECT

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

DEFINITION ANALYSIS DESIGN PROGRAMMING SYSTEM TEST ACCEPTANCE OPERATION

Level 1 DEFINITION ANALYSIS DESIGN PROGRAMMING SYSTEM TEST ACCEPTANCE OPERATION

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Requirement Feasibility Pre.

Pre.Project Negotiate
Requirement Feasibility Risk Project Negotiate
RiskAnalysis Proposal
Document Study Analysis Plan Proposal Proposal
Document Study Plan Proposal
Level 2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2..5

Analyse Define
DefineNew Write
WriteFunct. Negotiate
Interviews Analyse New Funct. Negotiate
Interviews Existing
ExistingSys. Sys. Function Specification Func.
Sys. Sys. Function Specification Func.Spec.
Spec.

2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5

Level 3
Office Warehouse
Office Warehouse Registrars CEO Accountant
Manager Supervisor Registrars CEO Accountant
Manager Supervisor

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

When Do You
Stop?
 Some person (or group for larger project) can take responsibility
for the task, or to accomplish the activities involved
 You can get rough estimate of the effort (person days) needed to
perform the activity (or activities involved)
 You can schedule the task
 The task must be small and able to be completed

Analyses
Analyses
Existing
ExistingSys.
Sys.

Registration Warehouse CEO’s Accountant’s Data

Registration Warehouse CEO’s Accountant’s Documents Data
System System Business Business Documents Flow
System System Business Business Flow

Estimate (person-day) 2 2 1 1 3 2
Total 11 days

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Mind-Mapping Approach

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Intranet WBS in Tabular Form

1.0 Concept
1.1 Evaluate current systems
1.2 Define Requirements
1.2.1 Define user requirements
1.2.2 Define content requirements
1.2.3 Define system requirements
1.2.4 Define server owner requirements
1.3 Define specific functionality
1.4 Define risks and risk management approach
1.5 Develop project plan
1.6 Brief Web development team
2.0 Web Site Design
3.0 Web Site Development
4.0 Roll Out
5.0 Support
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Intranet WBS and Gantt Chart in Project 2000

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

 IS Project Management
Introduction
Framework&Principles
Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

The person responsible for the plan (probably the project manager for a small to mid
sized project) then collate all the estimate and precedent, as follows
ACTIVITY EFFORT PRECEDENTS
Definition 20 -
Analysis 35 Definition
Design 25 Analysis
Program A (Control) 20 Design
Program B (Registration) 30 Design
Program C (Warehouse) 25 Design
System Test 10 Program A, B, C
Documentation 20 Design
Acceptance 5 System Test, Documentation
Training 10 Documentation
Operation
TOTAL
10
210
Acceptance
Network
Diagram
Note:
This example only the progranning had sub-component. If there are any sub-
component of any other major activity avaliable, they would also be listed
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management
 IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Network Diagram
Framework&Principles

Precedence Network Doc

20
Train
10

PGMA
20

STRT DEF ANAL DES PGMB SYS TST ACC OPER END
0 20 35 25 30 10 5 10 0

PGMC
25

Another Format …..

Activity on Arrow
it y n 1
Activ
0 t

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IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Critical Path Method

10 + 5 15 + 6

0 + 10 15
3
B C 21 + 5
5 day 6 day 21?
0 A 10 21 G 26
1 2 6 7
10 day 10 + 3 20? 5 day
D 13 + 4 17 + 3
F
3 day
3 day
13 E 17
4 5
4 day

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Critical Path Method

15
3
B 15 C
5 day 6 day
0 A 10 21 G 26
1 2 10 ? 15 - 5 6 7
0 10 21 - 6 21
10 day 5 day 26
D
11 ? F
3 day
10 - 10 3 day 26 - 5
13 E 17
4 5
14 4 day 18
21 - 3
14 - 3
18 - 4

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Critical Path Method

15
3
B 15 C
5 day 6 day
0 A 10 21 G 26
1 2 6 7
0 10 day 10 21 5 day 26
D
F
3 day
3 day
13 E 17
4 5
14 4 day 18

Project Duration : 26 day

: Critical path

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management

IS Project Management
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement

Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management