Kỹ Thuật Điều Khiển Lập Trinh PLC SIMATIC S7 200 Ths Chau Chi Đức

Th.
S Chu Ch "c

K thu#t 'i(u khi*n

Thnh ph, H/ Ch Minh
10-2008

L0I NI 35U
T #$ng ho cng nghi'p v dn d)ng ngy cng pht
tri+n. B$ no trong cc h' th-ng t #$ng ho l cc b$ #i/u khi+n
l1p trnh. Vi'c h3c v tm hi+u v/ cc b$ khi+n l1p trnh c4ng nh!
v1n hnh n cho th1t t-t #ang l nhu c6u c7p thi8t #-i v9i h3c
sinh, sinh vin cc ngnh k< thu1t.
Hi'n nay ti li'u #+ gi>ng d@y v tham kh>o v/ k< thu1t #i/u
khi+n l1p trnh cn kh h@n ch8. Ti li'u ''k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p
trnh PLC Simatic S7-200'', l quy+n sch #6u tin trong b$ sch
v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC h3 SIMATIC S7, #!Ac bin
so@n v9i mong mu-n gp m$t ph6n nhB vo vi'c gi>ng d@y v t
h3c v/ k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh cCa gio vin, h3c sinh, sinh
vin v #3c gi> quan tm v/ PLC h3 SIMATIC S7-200 cCa cng
ty Siemens.
Ti li'u #!Ac chia thnh 2 t1p. T1p 1 bao gDm cc ph6n c:
b>n ph hAp v9i cc b@n m9i bEt #6u lm quen v9i PLC, tuy
nhin n c4ng c th+ l ti li'u tham kh>o cho cc b@n # c ki8n
thGc c: b>n v/ PLC. T1p 2 l ph6n nng cao t1p trung v/ cc
v7n #/ #i/u khi+n s-, truy/n thng v mn hnh #i/u khi+n. C7u
trc chung cCa cc t1p sch l H mIi ch!:ng trong cc ph6n #/u
c v d) minh h3a cho cc m)c, ngoi ra cu-i mIi ch!:ng c
thm m$t s- cu hBi v bi t1p #+ #3c gi> rn luy'n thm.
D c m$t thKi gian di lm vi'c v gi>ng d@y v/ k< thu1t
#i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC h3 SIMATIC, m@ng truy/n thng cng
nghi'p v truy/n #$ng cCa hng Siemens cho r7t nhi/u #-i t!Ang
khc nhau c4ng nh! # r7t c- gEng trong qu trnh bin so@n
nh!ng ti li'u khng trnh khBi thi8u st. R7t mong #!Ac s gp
chn thnh cCa qu #3c gi> #+ gip ti li'u #!Ac hon thi'n
h:n. Th7 t8 gp xin g9i v( '<a ch>: ccduc2006@gmail.com.
Xin cm :n.

L0I TM S@
T1p 1 ''k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200'' #
#!Ac vi8t xong tM r7t lu. Nh!ng v nghN #8n vi'c in 7n v pht
hnh qu nhiu kh, gi thnh l@i cao v ph>i chK #Ai thKi gian
r7t lu t1p sch ny m9i #8n tay b@n #3c, nn tc gi> # hon l@i.
NghN rPng cung c7p cho #3c gi>, cc b@n h3c sinh, sinh vin v
gio vin thm m$t ti li'u tham kh>o #+ lm phong ph thm
ki8n thGc v/ t #$ng ha l vi'c nn lm. V v1y tc gi> ch3n
ph!:ng n pht hnh qua m@ng v truy/n tay d!9i d@ng t1p tin
v9i ph!:ng chm '' sch hQu ch th m9i c nhu1n bt''.
Cc b@n thn m8n!
Vi'c bin so@n ti li'u v/ k< thu1t, nh7t l k< thu1t m9i, #i
hBi ng!Ki bin so@n ngoi kinh nghi'm chuyn mn cn bB r7t
nhi/u thKi gian v cng sGc. Do # sR l m$t ni/m #$ng vin v
cng to l9n cho tc gi> #+ ti8p t)c hon thnh t1p 2, b$ sch v/
k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-300/400, cc ti
li'u khc lin quan #8n PLC h3 SIMATIC, truy/n thng cng
nghi'p, truy/n #$ng cCa hng Siemens n8u #!Ac s #$ng vin
tM tinh th6n #8n v1t ch7t. N8u th7y sch ny gip ch cho cc b@n
th khi cc b@n sH hQu n (c #!Ac tM b7t kS ph!:ng ti'n no) H
d@ng t1p tin hoTc #!Ac in ra H d@ng sch, xin vui lng #$ng vin
tc gi> bPng cch chuy+n ti/n vo ti khoBn s, 49809449 cho
CHU CH 3CC, ngn hng Th7:ng mEi Chu (ACB) chi
nhnh Chu vFn Lim v9i s- ti/n ty theo cCa cc b@n.
N8u cc b@n c nhQng #$ng vin khc xin gHi thng tin
cho tc gi> qua #Ua chW mail ccduc2006@gmail.com.
Cm :n s #$ng vin cCa #3c gi>.

M)c l)c
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M%c l%c
1 T(ng quan v, /i,u khi0n .......................................................................1
1.1 Khi nim chung v$ &i$u khi'n ......................................................... 1
1.2 C)u trc m,t qui trnh &i$u khi'n ..................................................... 2
1.3 Cc lo.i &i$u khi'n ........................................................................... 3
1.4 H th/ng s/ ...................................................................................... 4
1.5 Cc khi nim x0 l thng tin ........................................................... 5
1.5.1 Bit ........................................................................................... 5
1.5.2 Byte ........................................................................................ 5
1.5.3 Word ...................................................................................... 6
1.5.4 DoubleWord .......................................................................... 6
2 B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC C4u trc v ph#6ng th"c ho7t /1ng 7
2.1 Gi3i thiu ......................................................................................... 7
2.2 S6 khc nhau gi7a h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay v h
&i$u khi'n b9ng PLC ..................................................................... 8
2.3 C)u trc c;a m,t PLC .................................................................. 11
2.4 Cc kh/i c;a PLC ......................................................................... 13
2.4.1 Kh/i ngu=n cung c)p ......................................................... 13
2.4.2 B, nh3 ch14ng trnh .......................................................... 14
2.4.3 Kh/i trung tm (CPU) ......................................................... 15
2.4.4 Kh/i vo ............................................................................. 15
2.4.5 Kh/i ra ................................................................................ 16
2.4.6 Cc kh/i &>c bit ................................................................ 16
2.5 Ph14ng th?c th6c hin ch14ng trnh trong PLC ......................... 16
3 C8m bi:n v c6 c4u ch4p hnh trong /i,u khi0n logic ................. 19
3.1 C@m biAn ..................................................................................... 19
3.1.1 Gi3i thiu ........................................................................... 19
3.1.2 N/i dy cho c@m biAn ........................................................ 19
3.1.2.1 Switch ................................................................ 20
3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL ......................................................... 20
3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing .................................... 20
3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay ...................................... 23
3.1.3 Pht hin &/i t1Bng .......................................................... 23
3.1.3.1 Chuy'n m.ch tiAp xc ....................................... 23
3.1.3.2 Reed Switches ................................................... 23
3.1.3.3 C@m biAn quang (Optical Sensor) ...................... 23
3.1.3.4 C@m biAn &in dung (Capacitive Sensor) ........... 25
3.1.3.5 C@m biAn &in c@m (Inductive Sensor) .............. 26
3.1.3.6 C@m biAn siu m (Ultrasonic sensor) ............... 28
3.1.3.7 Hiu ?ng Hall (Hall Effect) ................................. 28
3.1.3.8 L1u l1Bng (Fluid Flow) ...................................... 28
3.1.4 Tm tCt .............................................................................. 29
3.2 C4 c)u ch)p hnh ....................................................................... 29
3.2.1 Gi3i thiu ........................................................................... 29
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3.2.2 Solenoid ............................................................................ 29
3.2.3 Van &i$u khi'n (VALVE) .................................................... 30
3.2.4 Xy lanh (CYLINDER) ......................................................... 32
3.2.5 D,ng c4 ............................................................................ 33
3.2.6 Cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh khc................................................ 34
4 B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200 ................................... 35
4.1 C)u hnh c?ng ............................................................................. 35
4.1.1 Kh/i x0 l trung tm .......................................................... 35
4.1.2 Kh/i mE r,ng .................................................................... 39
4.1.2.1 Digital module ....................................................... 39
4.1.2.2 Analog module ...................................................... 40
4.1.2.3 Intelligent module ................................................. 41
4.1.2.4 Function module ................................................... 41
4.2 Mn hnh &i$u khi'n .................................................................... 42
4.3 Cc vng nh3 .............................................................................. 43
4.4 Qui 13c &Fa chH trong PLC S7-200 .............................................. 46
4.4.1 Truy xu)t theo bit .............................................................. 46
4.4.2 Truy xu)t theo byte (8 bit) ................................................. 46
4.4.3 Truy xu)t theo word (16 bit) .............................................. 46
4.4.4 Truy xu)t theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit) ................... 47
4.5 X0 l ch14ng trnh ...................................................................... 48

5 K:t n;i dy gi<a PLC v thi:t b> ngo7i vi ....................................... 51
5.1 KAt n/i dy gi7a PLC v cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi .............................. 51
5.1.1 Gi3i thiu CPU 224 v cch kAt n/i v3i thiAt bF ngo.i vi .... 51
5.1.2 KAt n/i v3i my tnh .......................................................... 52
5.1.3 N/i ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU .......................................... 54
5.1.4 KAt n/i vo/ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi ............................................ 54
5.1.4.1 KAt n/i cc ng vo s/ v3i ngo.i vi .................... 55
5.1.4.2 KAt n/i cc ng ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi ...................... 57
5.2 Ki'm tra vic kAt n/i dy b9ng phJn m$m .................................. 60
5.2.1 Status Chart ...................................................................... 60
5.2.2 Gim st v thay &Ki biAn v3i Status Chart ....................... 60
5.2.3 C1Lng b?c biAn v3i Status Chart ..................................... 62
5.2.4 Mng dOng Status Chart trong vic ki'm tra kAt n/i dy
trong S7-200 ......................................................................................... 63
5.3 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 64
6 Ph@n m,m Micro/Win v ngn ng< l2p trnh ............................... 65
6.1 Ci &>t phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN ........................................ 65
6.1.1 Yu cJu h &i$u hnh v phJn c?ng ................................ 65
6.1.2 Ci &>t phJn m$m ............................................................. 65
6.2 Cc phJn t0 c4 b@n trong ch14ng trnh PLC S7-200 ................. 66
6.2.1 Ch14ng trnh chnh OB1 (main program) ......................... 66
6.2.2 Ch14ng trnh con SUB (subroutine) ................................. 66
6.2.3 Ch14ng trnh ngCt INT(interrupt routine) .......................... 67
6.2.4 Kh/i h th/ng (system block) ............................................ 67
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6.2.5 Kh/i d7 liu (data block) ................................................... 67
6.3 Ngn ng7 lQp trnh ...................................................................... 67
6.3.1 D.ng hnh thang: LAD (Ladder logic) ................................ 68
6.3.2 D.ng kh/i ch?c nRng: FBD (Function Block Diagram) ...... 68
6.3.3 D.ng lit k lnh: STL (StaTement List) ........................... 69
6.4 So.n th@o ch14ng trnh v3i phJn m$m
STEP7-Micro/Win V4.0 SP6 ........................................................ 69
6.4.1 ME mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh .............................. 69
6.4.1.1 Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh ............................ 70
6.4.1.2 Cy lnh ............................................................. 70
6.4.1.3 Thanh ch?c nRng ............................................... 70
6.4.2 Thanh cng cO (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN ........... 75
6.4.3 T.o m,t d6 n STEP 7-Micro/WIN ................................... 77
6.4.3.1 T.o d6 n m3i ................................................... 77
6.4.3.2 L1u d6 n .......................................................... 77
6.4.3.3 ME m,t d6 n .................................................... 78
6.4.4 Th1 vin ........................................................................... 78
6.4.5 H th/ng trB gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN ...................... 79
6.4.6 Xa b, nh3 CPU ............................................................... 80
6.4.7 ME m,t d6 n &ang t=n t.i sSn ......................................... 80
6.4.8 KAt n/i truy$n thng S7-200 v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh .............. 81
6.4.9 T@i d6 n tU PLC .............................................................. 82
6.4.9.1 T@i m,t kh/i ho>c ba kh/i .................................. 82
6.4.9.2 T@i vo m,t d6 n m3i ho>c d6 n rWng ........... 82
6.4.9.3 T@i vo m,t d6 n t=n t.i ................................... 82
6.4.9.4 Th; tOc t@i d6 n tU PLC v$ thiAt bF lQp trnh ..... 82
6.4.10 N.p (download) m,t d6 n vo PLC .............................. 83
6.4.11 ThiAt lQp c)u hnh chung cho phJn
m$m (menu option v customize) ................................... 85
6.4.11.1 Menu Option ....................................................... 85
6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize ............................................. 86
6.4.12 So.n th@o ch14ng trnh .................................................. 88
7 Cc php ton logic .......................................................................... 95
7.1 NgRn xAp (logic stack) trong S7-200 ........................................... 95
7.2 Cc php ton logic c4 b@n ........................................................ 96
7.2.1 Php ton AND ................................................................. 96
7.2.2 Php ton OR ................................................................... 97
7.2.3 TK hBp cc cKng AND v OR ............................................ 98
7.2.3.1 AND tr13c OR ................................................... 98
7.2.3.2 OR tr13c AND ................................................... 98
7.2.4 Php ton XOR ................................................................. 99
7.3 X0 l cc tiAp &i'm, c@m biAn &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo PLC .......... 100
7.4 V dO ?ng dOng cc lin kAt logic ................................................ 102
7.4.1 M.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my ........................................ 102
7.4.2 M.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my ..................................... 103
7.4.3 Di$u khi'n ON/OFF &,ng c4 c chH bo ........................... 104
7.4.4 Di$u khi'n &@o chi$u quay &,ng c4 .................................. 106
7.5 Bit nh3 M (bit memory) ................................................................ 109
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7.6 Cc lnh SET, RESET v m.ch nh3 RS ..................................... 111
7.6.1 Lnh SET .......................................................................... 111
7.6.2 Lnh RESET (R) ............................................................... 112
7.6.3 M.ch nh3 R-S ................................................................... 112
7.6.3.1 Nu tin SET (khu SR) ...................................... 112
7.6.3.2 Nu tin RESET (khu RS) ................................. 113
7.6.4 Cc qui tCc khi s0 dOng Set v Reset ............................... 114
7.6.5 V dO ?ng dOng m.ch nh3 R-S ......................................... 114
7.7 Cc lnh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hiu v lnh NOT ............................ 118
7.7.1 Lnh NOT .......................................................................... 118
7.7.1 Cc lnh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hiu ....................................... 118
7.8 Cc Bit nh3 &>c bit (Special Memory bits) ................................ 120
7.9 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 121
8 Thi:t k: theo logic Bool & bi0u /A Karnaugh .......................................... 125
8.1 Gi3i thiu ..................................................................................... 125
8.2 D.i s/ BOOL ............................................................................... 125
8.3 ThiAt kA Logic .............................................................................. 127
8.3.1 Cc kX thuQt &.i s/ Bool .................................................... 131
8.4 Cc d.ng logic chung .................................................................. 132
8.4.1 D.ng cKng ph?c ................................................................ 132
8.4.2 Multiplexers ....................................................................... 132
8.5 M,t s/ v dO thiAt kA &4n gi@n v3i &.i s/ bool ............................. 133
8.5.1 Cc ch?c nRng logic c4 b@n ............................................. 133
8.5.2 H th/ng an ton xe h4i .................................................... 134
8.5.3 Quay ph@i/tri &,ng c4 ...................................................... 134
8.5.4 C@nh bo tr,m .................................................................. 135
8.6 Bi'u &= Karnaugh ........................................................................ 136
8.6.1 Gi3i thiu ........................................................................... 136
8.7 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 139
9 B1 />nh thBi (Timer) ........................................................................ 147
9.1 Gi3i thiu ..................................................................................... 147
9.2 Timer &ng m.ch chQm TON ...................................................... 148
9.3 Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR ....................................... 149
9.4 Timer mE m.ch chQm TOF ......................................................... 150
9.5 Mng dOng Timer .......................................................................... 152
9.5.1 T.o xung c tJn s/ theo mong mu/n ................................ 152
9.5.2 T.o Timer xung v timer xung c nh3 ............................... 152
9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer) .................................... 152
9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nh3 (Extended Pulse timer) ........ 153
9.5.3 D@o chi$u quay &,ng c4 c kh/ng chA thZi gian .............. 154
9.5.4 ChiAu sng Garage ........................................................... 155
9.5.5 ThiAt bF rt ch)t lPng vo thng ch?a ................................ 156
9.6 Cu hPi v bi tQp ....................................................................... 161

10 B1 /:m (Counter) ............................................................................. 170
10.1 Gi3i thiu .................................................................................. 170
10.2 B, &Am ln CTU (Count Up) ..................................................... 171
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10.3 B, &Am xu/ng CTD (Count Down) ........................................... 172
10.4 B, &Am ln-xu/ng CTUD (Count Up/Down) ............................. 173
10.5 Mng dOng b, &Am ..................................................................... 174
10.5.1 DAm s@n ph[m &1Bc &ng gi ..................................... 174
10.5.2 Ki'm sot chW cho Garage ngJm ................................. 175
10.6 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 178
11 i,u khi0n trnh tD ............................................................................ 181
11.1 C)u trc chung c;a m,t ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n .................... 181
11.2 Di$u khi'n trnh t6 ................................................................... 182
11.2.1 Gi3i thiu ..................................................................... 182
11.2.2 Ph14ng php lQp trnh &i$u khi'n trnh t6 .................. 184
11.3 Cc th; tOc tKng qut &' thiAt kA bi ton trnh t6 .................... 186
11.4 C)u trc c;a bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6 .................................. 188
11.4.1 ChuWi trnh t6 .............................................................. 188
11.4.2 Ki'u ho.t &,ng ............................................................. 188
11.4.3 Cc thng bo .............................................................. 190
11.4.4 Kch ho.t ng ra ........................................................... 190
11.5 Cc k hiu ............................................................................... 190
11.6 B13c trnh t6 ............................................................................ 191
11.7 Cc lnh bi'u di\n trong s4 &= ch?c nRng ............................... 193
11.8 Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng, c@nh bo v xu)t lnh .......................... 197
11.8.1 B@ng &i$u khi'n ........................................................... 198
11.8.2 Cc khu chA &, ho.t &,ng c c@nh bo ..................... 199
11.8.3 Hi'n thF b13c trnh t6 ................................................... 201
11.8.4 Xu)t lnh ...................................................................... 201
11.9 Cc v dO ?ng dOng .................................................................. 201
11.9.1 My phay &4n gi@n ...................................................... 201
11.9.2 BRng chuy$n &Am to .................................................. 205
11.10 Cu hPi v bi tQp ........................................................ 210
12 An ton trong PLC ............................................................................ 218
12.1 Khi nim v mOc &ch ............................................................. 218
12.2 H1 hPng E PLC ........................................................................ 218
12.3 Cc quan &i'm v$ kX thuQt an ton E PLC ............................... 219
12.3.1 Cc lWi nguy hi'm v khng nguy hi'm ........................ 219
12.3.2 Cc cch gi@i quyAt cho ho.t &,ng an ton c;a
thiAt bF &i$u khi'n PLC ............................................................... 220
12.4 B@o v cc ng ra PLC ............................................................. 223
12.4.1 B@o v ng ra dng Transistor ..................................... 224
12.4.2 B@o v ng ra R4le c ngu=n &i$u khi'n DC ............... 224
12.4.3 B@o v ng ra R4le v ng ra AC c ngu=n
&i$u khi'n AC ................................................................ 224
12.5 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 225
13 Chuy0n /i,u khi0n k:t n;i c"ng sang /i,u khi0n bEng PLC ........ 226
13.1 KAt n/i ng vo/ ra c;a PLC tU m,t s4 &= &i$u khi'n
c tiAp &i'm ............................................................................... 226
13.2 Chuy'n &Ki &i$u khi'n tU contactor thnh PLC ......................... 228
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13.2.1 Di$u khi'n thiAt bF b cng su)t ph@n khng ................ 230
13.2.2 ThiAt bF nghi$n .............................................................. 237
13.3 Di$u khi'n kh nn .................................................................... 241
13.3.1 My u/n thanh kim lo.i ................................................ 242
13.3.2 My doa ming /ng kim lo.i ......................................... 246
13.4 Cu hPi v bi tQp ..................................................................... 253
14 Cc php ton c6 b8n trong /i,u khi0n s; .................................... 257
14.1 Cc d.ng s/ trong PLC ............................................................ 257
14.1.1 Ki'u d7 liu Integer (INT) ............................................. 257
14.1.2 Ki'u d7 liu Double Integer (DINT) .............................. 258
14.1.3 Ki'u d7 liu s/ th6c (REAL) ........................................ 259
14.1.4 Ki'u d7 liu s/ BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) .............. 260
14.2 Ch?c nRng sao chp ................................................................ 261
14.2.1 Cc lnh sao chp, trao &Ki n,i dung ........................... 261
14.2.2 Cc lnh sao chp m,t m@ng l3n d7 liu .................... 263
14.3 Php ton so snh .................................................................... 264
14.4 Php ton s/ h]c ...................................................................... 266
14.4.1 C,ng v trU .................................................................. 266
14.4.2 Nhn v chia ................................................................ 267
14.4.3 V dO php ton s/ h]c ................................................ 268
14.5 TRng v gi@m thanh ghi ........................................................... 269
14.6 Cc php tan logic s/ ............................................................. 271
14.6.1 Cc logic s/ trong S7-200 ............................................ 271
14.6.2 Mng dOng ..................................................................... 272
14.6.2.1 Che vF tr cc bit ............................................ 272
14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit ................................................ 273
14.7 Ch?c nRng dFch/quay thanh ghi ................................................ 273
14.7.1 Ch?c nRng dFch chuy'n thanh ghi ................................ 273
14.7.1.1 DFch tri ......................................................... 273
14.7.1.2 DFch ph@i ....................................................... 274
14.7.2 Ch?c nRng quay thanh ghi ........................................... 275
14.7.2.1 Quay tri ....................................................... 276
14.7.2.2 Quay ph@i ..................................................... 277

Chu Ch YGc 1 TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n

1
1 T(ng quan v, /i,u khi0n
1.1 Khi niGm chung v, /i,u khi0n
Di$u khi'n c nhim vO th6c hin cc ch?c nRng ring c;a m,t my mc
hay thiAt bF theo m,t trnh t6 ho.t &,ng &Fnh tr13c phO thu,c vo tr.ng thi
c;a my hay b, pht tn hiu.
S6 &i$u khi'n &1Bc phn bit theo cc &>c &i'm khc nhau:
* Theo loEi bi*u diHn thng tin
- Yi/u khi+n nhU phn: X0 l tn hiu &Ju vo nhF phn (tn hiu 1-0) thnh cc
tn hiu ra nhF phn.
- Yi/u khi+n s-: X0 l cc thng tin s/, c nghâ cc thng tin &1Bc bi'u di\n
d13i d.ng s/.
* Theo loEi xJ l tn hiKu
- Yi/u khi+n lin k8t: Cc tr.ng thi tn hiu xc &Fnh c;a ng ra &1Bc &i$u
khi'n bEi cc tr.ng thi tn hiu c;a ng vo tu` thu,c vo cc ch?c nRng lin
kAt (AND, OR, NOT).
- Yi/u khi+n trnh t: Di$u khi'n v3i trnh t6 theo tUng b13c, s6 &ng m.ch
c;a m,t b13c sau x@y ra phO thu,c vo &i$u kin &ng m.ch tiAp theo. Di$u
kin &ng m.ch tiAp theo c th' phO thu,c vo qui trnh hay thZi gian.
- Yi/u khi+n khng #Dng b$: Vic &i$u khi'n &1Bc x0 l E s6 thay &Ki tr6c tiAp
c;a tn hiu ng vo khng cJn tn hiu xung phO (&i$u khi'n chQm).
- Yi/u khi+n #Dng b$ xung: Vic &i$u khi'n &1Bc x0 l E cc tn hiu chH &=ng
b, v3i m,t tn hiu xung (&i$u khi'n nhanh).
* Theo loEi thLc hiKn ch7:ng trnh
- Yi/u khi+n theo ch!:ng trnh k8t n-i cGng: Lo.i &i$u khi'n ny c th' &1Bc
lQp trnh c/ &Fnh, c nghâ khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc v dO nh1 lCp &>t dy n/i
c/ &Fnh hay c th' thay &Ki ch14ng trnh thng qua cc &Ju n/i (ma trQn
diode).
- Yi/u khi+n kh> trnh: Ch?c nRng &i$u khi'n &1Bc l1u gi7 trong m,t b, nh3
ch14ng trnh. NAu s0 dOng b, nh3 &]c/ghi (RAM), th c th' thay &Ki ch14ng
trnh m khng cJn can thip &An phJn c4 kh (&i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh t6
do). NAu ng1Bc l.i l m,t b, nh3 chH &]c (ROM), th ch14ng trnh c th'
1 TZng quan v/ #i/u khi+n Chu Ch YGc

2
&1Bc thay &Ki b9ng cch thay &Ki b, nh3 (&i$u khi'n c th' thay &Ki ch14ng
trnh).

Hnh 1.1: S: #D cc lo@i #i/u khi+n
1.2 C4u trc m1t qui trnh /i,u khi0n
MWi s6 &i$u khi'n &1Bc chia ra lm 3 b, phQn hBp thnh: Ng vo d7
liu (ng vo tn hiu), X0 l d7 liu (x0 l tn hiu cang nh1 cc lin kAt) v
ng ra d7 liu ( ng ra tn hiu). Dng d7 liu trong m,t s6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra
tU &Ju vo d7 liu qua phJn x0 l d7 liu &An ng ra d7 liu.
Verarbeitung
Datenverarbeitung
Stromversorgung
Anpassung Signal
eingabe
Dateneingabe
Datenflu
Ausgabe
Datenausgabe
Verstrkung

Hnh 1.2: C7u trc chung cCa m$t qui trnh #i/u khi+n
+ Ng vo tn hiKu: Bao g=m cc lo.i tn hiu c;a cc b, pht tn hiu nh1
nt nh)n, cng tCc hnh trnh, c@m biAn &in dung,
c@m biAn &in c@m .v.v..
Dong d lieu
Ngo vao d lieu
Ngo vao tn
hieu
Giao tiAp
X ly Khuech ai Ngo ra
X ly d lieu Ngo ra d lieu
Ngu=n cung c)p

3
Tu` thu,c vo lo.i &i$u khi'n, cc tn hiu c th' l
nhF phn, s/ hay tn hiu t14ng t6.
+ Giao tiMp: PhJn ny cJn thiAt, nAu tn hiu c;a m,t h th/ng l.
cJn ph@i &1Bc x0 l. M,t b, phQn chuy'n &Ki tU tn
hiu ng vo thnh tn hiu ph hBp v3i m?c c;a tn
hiu x0 l &1Bc &>t E phJn giao tiAp.
+ XJ l: Ton b, cc lin kAt, trnh t6 thZi gian, cc ch?c nRng
nh3, &Am .v.v.. &1Bc th6c hin trong phJn ny.
PhJn x0 l l phJn chnh c;a t)t c@ cc h th/ng &i$u
khi'n. Cc kX thuQt &i$u khi'n c tiAp &i'm nh1 khEi
&,ng tU phO, relay thZi gian, kX thuQt &i$u khi'n b9ng
m.ch &in t0 (nh1 AND, OR, NOT ...) &1Bc PLC hay
my tnh &i$u khi'n qu trnh tKng hBp t.i &y.
+ KhuMch 'Ei: Cc tn hiu tU phJn x0 l c m?c &, cng su)t b
&1Bc khuAch &.i l3n ln nhi$u lJn E &y &' c th'
&i$u khi'n cc khEi &,ng tU, van tU hay cc &/i t1Bng
&i$u khi'n khc v cc &n bo.
+ Ng ra: PhJn ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n m c
@nh h1Eng tr6c tiAp &An qu trnh &i$u khi'n (v dO:
KhEi &,ng tU, van tU, thyristor, v.v..)
1.3 Cc lo7i /i,u khi0n
Trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n cang nh1 t6 &,ng ha, ng1Zi ta chia ra lm hai
lo.i &i$u khi'n: &i$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng v &i$u khi'n kh@ trnh.
* 3i(u khi*n kMt n,i cNng
Di$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng l lo.i &i$u khi'n m cc ch?c nRng c;a n &1Bc
&>t c/ &Fnh (n/i dy). NAu mu/n thay &Ki ch?c nRng &i$u & c nghâ l thay
&Ki kAt n/i dy. Di$u khi'n kAt n/i c?ng c th' th6c hin v3i cc tiAp &i'm
(Relay, khEi &,ng tU, v.v.) hay &in t0 (m.ch &in t0).
* 3i(u khi*n khB trnh (PLC)
Di$u khi'n kh@ trnh l lo.i &i$u khi'n m ch?c nRng c;a n &1Bc &>t c/
&Fnh thng qua m,t ch14ng trnh cn g]i l b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. S6 &i$u
khi'n bao g=m m,t thiAt bF &i$u khi'n m E & t)t c@ cc b, pht tn hiu cJn
thiAt v &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n &1Bc kAt n/i cho m,t ch?c nRng cO th'. NAu
ch?c nRng &i$u khi'n cJn &1Bc thay &Ki, th chH ph@i thay &Ki ch14ng trnh
b9ng thiAt bF lQp trnh E &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n t14ng ?ng hay cCm m,t b, nh3
ch14ng trnh & lQp trnh khc vo trong &i$u khi'n.

4
Elektrische Steuerungen
verbindungsprogrammiert speicherprogrammiert
AUTOMATISIERUNGSGERT
Programm
Speicher
Programm

Hnh 1.3: Hai lo@i #i/u khi+n trong s>n xu7t
1.4 HG th;ng s;
Trong x0 l cc phJn t0 nh3, cc ng vo, cc ng ra, thZi gian, cc
nh3 v.v... b9ng PLC th h thQp phn khng &1Bc s0 dOng m l h th/ng s/
nhF phn (h hai trF).
* HK nh< phn
H nhF phn chH c cc s/ 0 v 1, c th' &1Bc &]c v bi'u di\n gi trF
d\ dng trong kX thuQt. Gi trF &Fnh vF c;a m,t s/ nhF phn l s/ ma c;a hai.
D, l3n c;a s/ thng th1Zng &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng m BCD (Binary-Code-
Decimal). D/i v3i mWi s/ Decimal &1Bc viAt v3i s/ nhF phn 4 vF tr.
* S, th#p lOc phn ( Hexadecimal)
H thQp lOc phn c 16 k hiu khc nhau tU 0-9 v A-F. Gi trF &Fnh
vF c;a m,t s/ thQp lOc phn s/ ma c;a 16.
- H' nhU phn: Ch7 s/: 0,1
Gi trF &Fnh vF = S/ ma c;a c4 s/ 2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0

8 4 2 1

ieu khien ien
KAt n/i c?ng

Kh@ trnh

Ch14ng trnh

THIbT Be Tg DhNG HA
B, nh3
ch14ng trnh


5
V d): 1 1 0 1

12
3
+ 12
2
+ 02
1
+ 12
0
8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13
D

- H' th1p l)c phn: ch7 s/: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E;F
Gi trF &Fnh vF = S/ ma c;a c4 s/ 16
16
3
16
2
16
1
16
0

4096 256 16 1
V d): 2 A B

216
2
+ A16
1
+ B16
0

512 + 160 + 11 = 683
D

1.5 Cc khi niGm xH l thng tin
Trong PLC, hJu hAt cc khi nim trong x0 l thng tin cang nh1 d7 liu
&$u &1Bc s0 dOng nh1 Bit, Byte, Word v doubleword.
1.5.1 Bit
Bit l &4n vF thng tin nhF phn nhP nh)t, c c th' c gi trF 0 ho>c 1.

Hnh 1.4: M$t bit c th+ c tr@ng thi tn hi'u 1 hoTc 0
1.5.2 Byte
24 V
0 V
0 khng c
&in p
1 c
&in p


6
1 Byte g=m c 8 Bit

1.5.3 Word
1 Word gom co 2 Byte hay 16 Bit. Vi Word co the bieu dien cac
dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien.

1.5.4 DoubleWord
1 DoubleWord gom co 4 Byte hay 32 Bit. Vi DoubleWord co the bieu
dien cac dang: so nh phan, ky t hay cau lenh ieu khien.

Tom tat:

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
Tr.ng thi tn hiu
BYTE
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
Tr.ng thi tn hiu
WORD
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 Byte 1 Byte
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 Word 1 Word
Gi trF 0 ho>c 1
1 Word
1 Word
1 Word
1 doubleWord
1 Byte
1 Bit
1 Byte 1 Byte
Chu Ch YGc 2 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC
7
2 B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC C4u trc
v ph#6ng th"c ho7t /1ng

2.1 GiIi thiGu
Cc thnh phJn c;a kX thuQt &i$u khi'n &in v &in t0 ngy cng &ng
m,t vai tr v cng to l3n trong l^nh v6c t6 &,ng ha ngy cng cao. Trong
nh7ng nRm gJn &y, bn c.nh vic &i$u khi'n b9ng Relay v khEi &,ng tU th
vic &i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh &1Bc cng pht tri'n v3i h th/ng &ng m.ch
&in t0 v th6c hin lQp trnh b9ng my tnh. Trong nhi$u l^nh v6c, cc lo.i
&i$u khi'n ca & &1Bc thay &Ki bEi cc b, &i$u khi'n c th' lQp trnh &1Bc, c
th' g]i l cc b, &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh, viAt tCt trong tiAng Anh l PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller).
S6 khc bit c4 b@n gi7a &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh ( thay &Ki &1Bc qui
trnh ho.t &,ng) v &i$u khi'n theo kAt n/i c?ng (khng thay &Ki &1Bc qui
trnh ho.t &,ng) l: S k8t n-i dy khng cn nQa, thay vo # l ch!:ng trnh.
C th' lQp trnh cho PLC nhZ vo cc ngn ng7 lQp trnh &4n gi@n. D>c
bit &/i v3i ng1Zi s0 dOng khng cJn nhZ vo cc ngn ng7 lQp trnh kh
khRn, cang c th' lQp trnh PLC &1Bc nhZ vo cc lin kAt logic c4 b@n.
Nh1 vQy thiAt bF PLC lm nhim vO thay thA phJn m.ch &in &i$u khi'n
trong khu x0 l s/ liu. Nhim vO c;a s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n sj &1Bc xc
&Fnh bEi m,t s/ h7u h.n cc b13c th6c hin xc &Fnh g]i l ch7:ng trnh.
Ch14ng trnh ny m t@ cc b13c th6c hin g]i m,t tiAn trnh &i$u khi'n, tiAn
trnh ny &1Bc l1u vo b, nh3 nn &1Bc g]i l 'i(u khi*n theo l#p trnh
nhQ hay 'i(u khi*n khB trnh. Trn c4 sE khc nhau E khu x0 l s/ liu c
th' bi'u di\n hai h &i$u khi'n nh1 sau:
2 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Chu Ch YGc
8
Cc b7Qc thiMt l#p hK Cc b7Qc thiMt l#p hK
'i(u khi*n bRng relay 'iKn 'i(u khi*n bRng PLC

Khi thay &Ki nhim vO &i$u khi'n th ng1Zi ta thay &Ki m.ch &i$u khi'n:
LCp l.i m.ch, thay &Ki cc phJn t0 m3i E h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay &in. Trong
khi & khi thay &Ki nhim vO &i$u khi'n E h &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh (PLC)
th ng1Zi ta chH thay &Ki ch14ng trnh so.n th@o.
2.2 SD khc nhau gi<a hG /i,u khi0n bEng relay v hG /i,u
khi0n bEng PLC
S6 khc nhau gi7a h &i$u khi'n b9ng relay v h &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC
c th' minh ho. m,t cch cO th' nh1 sau:
Di$u khi'n h th/ng c;a 3 my b4m qua 3 khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3.
Trnh t6 &i$u khi'n nh1 sau: Cc khEi &,ng tU chH &1Bc php th6c hin tuJn
t6, nghâ l K1 &ng tr13c, tiAp theo K2 &ng v cu/i cng K3 m3i &ng.
D' th6c hin nhim vO theo yu cJu trn m.ch &i$u khi'n &1Bc thiAt kA
nh1 sau:
F1
S1
S2
K1 S4 K3 K2 S3
K1 K2 K3
K1
K2

Hnh 2.1: M@ch #i/u khi+n trnh t 3 my b:m
S4 &= m.ch &in
Xc &Fnh nhim vO &i$u khi'n
Ch]n phJn t0 m.ch &in
Dy n/i lin kAt cc phJn t0
Ki'm tra ho.t &,ng
Xc &Fnh nhim vO &i$u khi'n
ThiAt kA thuQt gi@i
S]an th@o ch14ng trnh
Ki'm tra ho.t &,ng
9
KhEi &,ng tU K2 sj &ng khi cng tCc S3 &ng v3i &i$u kin l khEi &,ng
tU K1 & &ng tr13c &. Ph14ng th?c &i$u khi'n nh1 vQy &1Bc g]i l &i$u
khi'n trnh t6. TiAn trnh &i$u khi'n ny &1Bc th6c hin m,t cch c1Lng b?c.
- B/n nt nh)n S1, S2, S3, S4: Cc phJn t0 nhQp tn hiu.
- Cc tiAp &i'm K1, K2, K3 v cc m/i n/i lin kAt l cc phJn t0 x0 l.
- Cc khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3 l kAt qu@ x0 l.
NAu thay &Ki m.ch &in &i$u khi'n E phJn x0 l b9ng h PLC ta c th'
bi'u di\n h th/ng nh1 sau:
- Ph6n t[ vo: Cc nt nh)n S1, S2, S3, S4 vkn gi7 nguyn.
- Ph6n t[ ra: Ba khEi &,ng tU K1, K2, K3, &' &ng v mE ba my b4m vkn gi7
nguyn.
- Ph6n t[ x[ l: D1Bc thay thA b9ng PLC.
S4 &= kAt n/i v3i PLC &1Bc cho nh1 E hnh 2.3. Trnh t6 &ng mE theo
yu cJu &$ ra sj &1Bc lQp trnh, ch14ng trnh sj &1Bc n.p vo b, nh3.
By giZ gi@ thiAt r9ng nhim vO &i$u khi'n sj thay &Ki. H th/ng ba my
b4m vkn gi7 nguyn, nh1ng trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hin nh1 sau: chH &ng &1Bc
hai trong ba my b4m ho>c mWi my b4m c th' ho.t &,ng m,t cch &,c lQp.
Nh1 vQy theo yu cJu m3i &/i v3i h th/ng &i$u khi'n b9ng relay &in ph@i
thiAt kA l.i m.ch &i$u khi'n, s4 &= lCp rp ph@i th6c hin l.i hon ton m3i.
S4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n bi\u di\n nh1 hnh 2.4.
Nh1 vQy m.ch &i$u khi'n sj thay &Ki r)t nhi$u nh1ng phJn t0 &1a tn
hiu vo v ra vkn gi7 nguyn, chi ph cho nhim vO m3i sj cao h4n.
NAu ta thay &Ki h &i$u khi'n trn b9ng h &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC, khi
nhim vO &i$u khi'n thay &Ki th th6c hin sj nhanh h4n v &4n gi@n h4n
b9ng cch thay &Ki l.i ch14ng trnh.

Hnh 2.2: S: #D m@ch #!Ac chuy+n thnh ch!:ng trnh trong PLC
10

S1 S2
S4 S3
0V
24V
K1 K2 K3
0V
24V
in1 in2 in3 in4
out1 out2 out3

Hnh 2.3: S: #D k8t n-i v9i PLC

Hnh 2.4: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n 3 #$ng c: # #!Ac thay #Zi
H &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC c nh7ng 1u &i'm sau:
- Thch ?ng v3i nh7ng nhim vO &i$u khi'n khc nhau.
- Kh@ nRng thay &Ki &4n gi@n trong qu trnh &1a thiAt bF vo s0 dOng.
- TiAt kim khng gian lCp &>t.
- TiAt kim thZi gian trong qu trnh mE r,ng v pht tri'n nhim vO &i$u
khi'n b9ng cch copy cc ch14ng trnh.
- Cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n theo chu[n.
- Khng cJn cc tiAp &i'm.
- v.v
H th/ng &i$u khi'n lQp trnh PLC &1Bc s0 r,ng r)t r,ng ri trong cc
ngnh khc nhau:
- Di$u khi'n thang my.
- Di$u khi'n cc qu trnh s@n xu)t khc nhau: s@n su)t bia, s@n xu)t xi
mRng v.v ....
11
- H th/ng r0a t t6 &,ng.
- ThiAt bF khai thc .
- ThiAt bF &ng gi bao b, t6 &,ng m. v trng kjm v.v ...
- ThiAt bF s)y.
-
2.3 C4u trc cJa m1t PLC
Cc b, &i$u khi'n PLC &1Bc s@n xu)t theo dng s@n ph[m. Khi m3i xu)t
x1Eng, chng ch1a c m,t ch14ng trnh cho m,t ?ng dOng no c@. T)t c@
cc cKng logic c4 b@n, ch?c nRng nh3, timer, counter .v.v... &1Bc nh chA t.o
tch hBp trong chng v &1Bc kAt n/i v3i nhau b9ng ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt
bEi ng1Zi dng cho m,t nhim vO &i$u khi'n cO th' no &. B, &i$u khi'n
PLC c nhi$u lo.i khc nhau v &1Bc phn bit v3i nhau qua cc thnh phJn
sau:
- Cc ng vo v ra
- Dung l1Bng nh3
- B, &Am (counter)
- B, &Fnh thZi (timer)
- Bit nh3
- Cc ch?c nRng &>c bit
- T/c &, x0 l
- Lo.i x0 l ch14ng trnh.
- Kh@ nRng truy$n thng.
Cc b, &i$u khi'n l3n th cc thnh phJn trn &1Bc lCp thnh cc modul
ring. D/i v3i cc b, &i$u khi'n nhP, chng &1Bc tch hBp trong b, &i$u
khi'n. Cc b, &i$u khi'n nhP ny c s/ l1Bng ng vo/ra cho tr13c c/ &Fnh.
B, &i$u khi'n &1Bc cung c)p tn hiu bEi cc tn hiu tU cc c@m biAn E
ng vo c;a n. Tn hiu ny &1Bc x0 l tiAp tOc thng qua ch14ng trnh &i$u
khi'n &>t trong b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. KAt qu@ x0 l &1Bc &1a ra ng ra &'
&An &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n hay khu &i$u khi'n E d.ng tn hiu.
C)u trc c;a m,t PLC c th' &1Bc m t@ nh1 hnh vj sau:
12

Hnh 2.5: C7u trc chung cCa b$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC
* BS nhQ ch7:ng trnh
B, nh3 ch14ng trnh trong PLC l m,t b, nh3 &in t0 &>c bit c th' &]c
&1Bc. NAu s0 dOng b, nh3 &]c-ghi &1Bc (RAM), th n,i dung c;a n lun
lun &1Bc thay &Ki v dO nh1 trong tr1Zng hBp vQn hnh &i$u khi'n. Trong
tr1Zng hBp &in p ngu=n bF m)t th n,i dung trong RAM c th' vkn &1Bc gi7
l.i nAu nh1 c s0 dOng Pin d6 phng.
NAu ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n lm vic Kn &Fnh, hBp l, n c th' &1Bc
n.p vo m,t b, nh3 c/ &Fnh, v dO nh1 EPROM, EEPROM. N,i dung ch14ng
trnh E EPROM c th' bF xa b9ng tia c6c tm.
* HK 'i(u hnh
Sau khi bQt ngu=n cung c)p cho b, &i$u khi'n, h &i$u hnh c;a n sj
&>t cc counter, timer, d7 liu v bit nh3 v3i thu,c tnh non-retentive (khng
&1Bc nh3 bEi Pin d6 phng) cang nh1 ACCU v$ 0.
D' x0 l ch14ng trnh, h &i$u hnh &]c tUng dng ch14ng trnh tU &Ju
&An cu/i. T14ng ?ng h &i$u hnh th6c hin ch14ng trnh theo cc cu lnh.
* Bit nhQ (Bit memoryt)
Cc bit memory l cc phJn t0 nh3, m h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 tr.ng thi
tn hiu.
* BS 'Km (Proccess Image)
B, &m l m,t vng nh3, m h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 cc tr.ng thi tn hiu
E cc ng vo ra nhF phn.
13
* Accumulator
Accumulator l m,t b, nh3 trung gian m qua n timer hay counter &1Bc
n.p vo hay th6c hin cc php ton s/ h]c.
* Counter, Timer
Timer v counter cang l cc vng nh3, h &i$u hnh ghi nh3 cc gi trF
&Am trong n.
* HK th,ng Bus
B, nh3 ch14ng trnh, h &i$u hnh v cc modul ngo.i vi (cc ng vo
v ng ra) &1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC thng qua Bus n/i. M,t Bus bao g=m cc dy
dkn m cc d7 liu &1Bc trao &Ki. H &i$u hnh tK ch?c vic truy$n d7 liu
trn cc dy dkn ny.
2.4 Cc kh;i cJa PLC
Cc kh/i khc nhau c;a m,t PLC &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.6.
2.4.1 Kh;i nguAn cung c4p
Kh/i ngu=n c nhim vO biAn &Ki &in p l13i (110V hay 220V ) thnh
&in p th)p h4n cung c)p cho cc kh/i c;a thiAt bF t6 &,ng. Din p ny l
24VDC. Cc &in p cho c@m biAn, thiAt bF &i$u chHnh v cc &n bo n9m
trong kho@ng (24...220V) c th' &1Bc cung c)p thm tU cc ngu=n phO v dO
nh1 biAn p.

Hnh 2.6:Cc kh-i trong m$t PLC
14
2.4.2 B1 nhI ch#6ng trnh
Cc phJn t0 nh3 l cc linh kin m thng tin c th' &1Bc l1u tr7 (&1Bc
nh3) trong n E d.ng tn hiu nhF phn. Trong PLC cc b, nh3 bn dkn &1Bc
s0 dOng lm b, nh3 ch14ng trnh. M,t b, nh3 bao g=m 512, 1024, 2048 . .
.phJn t0 nh3, cc phJn t0 nh3 ny sCp &>t theo cc &Fa chH tU 0 t3i 511, 1023
ho>c 2047 . . .. Thng th1Zng s/ l1Bng c;a cc phJn t0 nh3 trong m,t b,
nh3 cho biAt dung l1Bng c;a n l bao nhiu kilobyte (1kB = 1024 byte).
Trong mWi nh3 c th' m t@ m,t cu lnh &i$u khi'n nhZ thiAt bF lQp trnh.
MWi phJn t0 nhF phn c;a m,t nh3 c th' c tr.ng thi tn hiu "0" ho>c "1".
S4 &= c;a m,t b, nh3 ch14ng trnh &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.7.
* BS nhQ 'Tc-ghi RAM (random-access memory)
B, nh3 ghi-&]c c 1 s/ l1Bng cc nh3 xc &Fnh. MWi nh3 c 1 dung
l1Bng nh3 c/ &Fnh v n chH tiAp nhQn 1 l1Bng thng tin nh)t &Fnh. Cc nh3
&1Bc k hiu b9ng cc &Fa chH ring c;a n. B, nh3 ny ch?a cc ch14ng
trnh cn s0a &Ki ho>c cc d7 liu, kAt qu@ t.m thZi trong qu trnh tnh ton,
lQp trnh. D>c &i'm c;a lo.i ny l d7 liu sj m)t &i khi h th/ng m)t &in.
RAM &1Bc hnh dung nh1 m,t t; ch?a c nhi$u ngRn ko. MWi ngRn ko
&1Bc &nh s/ m,t &Fa chH v ng1Zi ta c th' c)t vo ho>c l)y cc d7 liu ra.

Hnh 2.7: S: #D m$t b$ nh9 ch!:ng trnh
* BS nhQ c, '<nh ROM (read-only memory)
B, nh3 c/ &Fnh (ROM) ch?a cc thng tin khng c kh@ nRng xa &1Bc
v khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc. Cc thng tin ny do cc nh s@n xu)t viAt ra v
khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc. Ch14ng trnh trong b, nh3 ROM c nhim vO sau:
- Di$u khi'n v ki'm tra cc ch?c nRng ho.t &,ng c;a CPU. D1Bc g]i
l h &i$u hnh.
- DFch ngn ng7 lQp trnh thnh ngn ng7 my.
15
M,t ROM c th' so snh v3i m,t quy'n sch. Trong & n ch?a cc
thng tin c/ &Fnh, khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc v ta chH &]c cc thng tin & m
thi. D>c &i'm c;a lo.i ny l d7 liu vkn t=n t.i khi m)t &in.
* EPROM (eraseable read-only memory)
EPROM l m,t b, nh3 c/ &Fnh c th' lQp trnh v xa &1Bc. N,i dung
c;a EPROM c th' xa b9ng tia c6c tm v c th' lQp trnh l.i.
* EEPROM (electrically eraseable read-only memory)
EEPROM l b, nh3 c/ &Fnh c th' lQp trnh v xa b9ng &in. MWi nh3
trong EEPROM cho php lQp trnh v xa b9ng &in.
2.4.3 Kh;i trung tm (CPU)
Kh/i CPU l lo.i kh/i c ch?a b, vi x0 l, h &i$u hnh, b, nh3, cc b,
thZi gian, b, &Am, cKng truy$n thng ... v c th' cn c m,t vi cKng vo ra
s/. Cc cKng vo ra s/ c trn CPU &1Bc g]i l cKng vo/ra onboard.
2.4.4 Kh;i vo
Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc b, chuy'n &Ki tn hiu
v biAn &Ki cc tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu ph hBp v3i tn hiu x0 l c;a CPU.
D6a vo lo.i tn hiu vo sj c cc kh/i ng vo t14ng ?ng. G=m c hai lo.i
kh/i vo c4 b@n sau:
Kh,i vo s, (DI: Digital Input):
Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc b, chuy'n &Ki t.o ra
tn hiu nhF phn nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn t.o tn hiu nhF phn
.v.v... Do tn hiu t.i ng vo c th' c m?c logic t14ng ?ng v3i cc &in
p khc nhau, do & khi s0 dOng cJn ph@i ch &An &in p cJn thiAt cung
c)p cho kh/i vo ph@i ph hBp v3i &in p t14ng ?ng m b, chuy'n &Ki
tn hiu nhF phn t.o ra.
V d): Cc nt nh)n, cng tCc &1Bc n/i v3i ngu=n 24VDC th yu cJu
ph@i s0 dOng kh/i vo c ngu=n cung c)p cho n l 24VDC.
Kh,i vo t7:ng tL (AI: Analog Input):
Kh/i ny c nhim vO biAn &Ki tn hiu t14ng t6 (hay cn g]i l tn
hiu analog) thnh tn hiu s/. Cc ng vo c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i
cc b, chuy'n &Ki t.o ra tn hiu analog nh1 c@m biAn nhit &,
(Thermocouple), c@m biAn l1u l1Bng, ng ra analog c;a biAn tJn .v.v...Khi
s0 dOng cc kh/i vo analog cJn ph@i ch &An lo.i tn hiu analog &1Bc
t.o ra tU cc b, chuy'n &Ki (c@m biAn)
V d): Cc c@m biAn t.o ra tn hiu analog l dng &in (4..20 mA) th
ph@i s0 dOng ng vo analog l lo.i nhQn tn hiu dng &in (4..20 mA).
NAu c@m biAn t.o ra tn hiu analog l &in p (0..5V) th ph@i s0 dOng ng
vo analog nhQn tn hiu l &in p (0..5V).
16
2.4.5 Kh;i ra
Kh/i ny c nhim vO khuAch &.i cc tn hiu sau x0 l c;a CPU (&1Bc
gEi &An vng &m ra) cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n l cu,n dy, &n
bo, van tU .v.v.. Ty thu,c vo &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hiu d.ng no
m sj c cc kh/i ra t14ng ?ng. G=m c hai lo.i kh/i ra tiu bi'u:
Kh,i ra s, (DO: Digital Output):
Cc ng ra c;a kh/i ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n
nhQn tn hiu nhF phn nh1 &n bo, cu,n dy relay .v.v...V &/i t1Bng &i$u
khi'n nhQn tn hiu nhF phn s0 dOng nhi$u c)p &in p khc nhau nn khi
s0 dOng cc kh/i ra s/ cJn ph@i ch &An &in p cung c)p cho n c ph
hBp v3i &in p cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n hay khng. Theo lo.i
&in p s0 dOng, ng ra s/ &1Bc phn thnh hai lo.i:
- Yi'n p m$t chi/u (DC: Direct Current): G=m c hai lo.i ng ra l
Transistor v relay. Thng th1Zng trong cng nghip &in p m,t chi$u
&1Bc s0 dOng l 24V.
- Yi'n p xoay chi/u (AC: Alternative Current): G=m c hai lo.i ng ra l
relay v TRIAC.
Kh,i ra t7:ng tL (AO: Analog Output):
Kh/i ny c nhim vO biAn &Ki tn hiu s/ &1Bc gEi tU CPU &An &/i
t1Bng &i$u khi'n thnh tn hiu t14ng t6. Cc ng ra c;a kh/i ny &1Bc
kAt n/i v3i cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n nhQn tn hiu t14ng t6 nh1 ng vo
analog c;a biAn tJn, van tl l, .v.v... Khi s0 dOng cc ng ra t14ng t6 cJn
ch &An lo.i tn hiu t14ng t6 cung c)p cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c ph
hBp v3i tn hiu t14ng t6 m &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn nhQn hay khng.
V d): Ng vo analog c;a biAn tJn nhQn tn hiu l &in p (0..10V)
th nh)t thiAt ph@i s0 dOng ng ra t14ng t6 t.o ra tn hiu analog l &in p
(0..10V).
2.4.6 Cc kh;i /Kc biGt
Ngoi ra cn c m,t s/ kh/i khc &@m nhQn cc ch?c nRng &>c bit nh1
x0 l truy$n thng, th6c hin cc ch?c nRng &>c bit nh1: &i$u khi'n vF tr,
&i$u khi'n vng kn, &Am t/c &, cao .v.v...
Ty thu,c vo tUng lo.i PLC m cc kh/i trn c th' E cc d.ng module
ring ho>c &1Bc tch hBp chung trong kh/i x0 l trung tm (CPU).
2.5 Ph#6ng th"c thDc hiGn ch#6ng trnh trong PLC
Hnh vj minh h]a vic x0 l ch14ng trnh trong CPU &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 2.8

17

Hnh 2.8: Chu kS qut trong PLC
PLC th6c hin ch14ng trnh cheo chu trnh l>p. MWi vng l>p &1Bc g]i l
vng qut (scan). MWi vng qut &1Bc bCt &Ju b9ng giai &o.n chuy'n d7 liu
tU cc cKng vo s/ t3i vng b, &m @o ng vo (I), tiAp theo l giai &o.n th6c
hin ch14ng trnh. Trong tUng dng qut, ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hin tU
lnh &Ju tin &An lnh kAt thc. Sau giai &o.n th6c hin ch14ng trnh l giai
&o.n chuy'n cc n,i dung c;a b, &m @o ng ra (Q) t3i cc cKng ra s/. Vng
qut &1Bc kAt thc b9ng giai &o.n truy$n thng n,i b, v ki'm tra lWi.
ThZi gian cJn thiAt &' PLC th6c hin &1Bc m,t vng qut g]i l thZi gian
vng qut (Scan time). ThZi gian vng qut khng c/ &Fnh, t?c l khng ph@i
vng qut no cang &1Bc th6c hin trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian nh1 nhau. C
vng qut th6c hin lu, c vng qut th6c hin nhanh ty thu,c vo s/ lnh
trong ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hin, vo kh/i l1Bng d7 liu truy$n thng ...
trong vng qut &.
Nh1 vQy gi7a vic &]c d7 liu tU &/i t1Bng &' x0 l, tnh ton v vic g0i
tn hiu &i$u khi'n t3i &/i t1Bng c m,t kho@ng thZi gian tr\ &ng b9ng thZi
gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thZi gian vng qut quyAt &Fnh tnh thZi gian
th6c c;a ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n trong PLC. ThZi gian qut cng ngCn, tnh
thZi gian th6c c;a ch14ng trnh cng cao.
T.i thZi &i'm th6c hin lnh vo/ra, thng th1Zng lnh khng lm vic
tr6c tiAp v3i cKng vo/ra m chH thng qua b, &m @o c;a cKng trong vng
Ng vo
PIQ = Process-image output table (vng &m ra)
PII = Process-image input table (vng &m vo)
Ch14ng trnh:
- Bit memory
- Timer
- Counter
- . . . .
Network 1 Motor on/off
Network 2 Dao chieu quay
I0.0 Q0.0
I0.1 Q0.1
Ng ra
KAt thc chu k`
BCt &Ju chu k`
18
nh3 tham s/. Vic truy$n thng gi7a b, &m @o v3i ngo.i vi do h &i$u hnh
CPU qu@n l. m m,t s/ module CPU, khi g>p lnh vo/ra ngay lQp t?c, h
th/ng sj cho dUng m]i cng vic khc, ngay c@ ch14ng trnh x0 l ngCt, &'
th6c hin lnh tr6c tiAp v3i cKng vo/ra.
Chu Ch YGc 3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic

19
3 C8m bi:n v c6 c4u ch4p hnh trong
/i,u khi0n logic.
Ch14ng ny nh9m gip cho b.n &]c tm hi'u s4 l1Bc v$ m,t s/ cc thiAt
bF ngo.i vi sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc ng vo ra s/ c;a PLC v m,t s/ k hiu
v$ cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi.
3.1 C8m bi:n
3.1.1 GiIi thiGu
C@m biAn (sensor) cho php PLC pht hin tr.ng thi c;a m,t qu trnh.
Cc c@m biAn logic chH c th' pht hin tr.ng thi &ng ho>c sai. Cc hin
t1Bng vQt l tiu bi'u cJn &1Bc pht hin l:
- TiAp cQn c@m: cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng l kim lo.i c &An gJn vF tr cJn
nhQn biAt ch1a?
- TiAp cQn dung: cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng l khng kim lo.i c &An gJn vF
tr cJn nhQn biAt ch1a?
- S6 xu)t hin nh sng: Cho biAt m,t &/i t1Bng c lm ngCt chm tia
sng hay nh sng ph@n x.?
- TiAp xc c4 h]c: D/i t1Bng c ch.m vo cng tCc?
Gi thnh c;a c@m biAn ngy cng gi@m th)p v trE nn thng dOng.
Chng c nhi$u hnh dng khc nhau &1Bc s@n xu)t bEi nhi$u cng ty khc
nhau nh1 Siemens, Omron, Pepperl+Fuch, Trong cc ?ng dOng, cc c@m
biAn &1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC c;a nhi$u hng khc nhau, nh1ng mWi c@m biAn sj
c cc yu cJu giao tiAp ring. PhJn ny sj trnh by cch th?c n/i dy cho
cc c@m biAn v m,t s/ tnh ch)t c4 b@n c;a n.
3.1.2 N;i dy cho c8m bi:n
Khi m,t c@m biAn pht hin m,t s6 thay &Ki tr.ng thi logic th n ph@i
truy$n tr.ng thi thay &Ki ny &An PLC. Tiu bi'u l vic &ng ho>c ngCt dng
&in hay &in p. Trong m,t vi tr1Zng hBp, ng ra c;a c@m biAn s0 dOng &'
&ng m.ch tr6c tiAp cho t@i m khng thng qua PLC. Cc ng ra tiu bi'u
c;a c@m biAn l:
- Sinking/Sourcing: Dng ho>c ngCt dng &in
- Switches: Dng ho>c ngCt &in p
3 C>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic Chu Ch YGc

20
- Solid State Relays: Chuy'n m.ch AC
- TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic): S0 dOng &in p 0V v 5V &' chH
thF m?c logic.
3.1.2.1 Switch
M,t v dO &4n gi@n nh)t c;a cc ng ra c@m biAn switch v relay &1Bc
cho nh1 hnh 3.1.

Hnh 3.1: C>m bi8n c ng ra l relay s[ d)ng nguDn DC v AC .
3.1.2.2 Ng ra TTL
Ng ra TTL c hai m?c &in p: 0V t14ng ?ng l m?c th)p, 5V t14ng
?ng m?c cao. Din p th6c tA c th' l3n h4n 0V ho>c nhP h4n 5V m,t cht
vkn c th' pht hin &ng. Ph14ng php ny r)t d\ bF nhi\u trong mi tr1Zng
nh my cho nn n chH &1Bc s0 dOng khi cJn thiAt. Cc ng ra TTL th1Zng
dng trong cc thiAt bF &in t0 v my tnh. Khi kAt n/i v3i cc thiAt bF khc th
m,t m.ch Schmitt trigger th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng &' c@i thin tn hiu (hnh
3.2).

Hnh 3.2: M@ch Schmitt trigger
M.ch Schmitt trigger sj nhQn &in p ng vo gi7a 0-5V v chuy'n &Ki
n thnh 0V ho>c 5V. NAu &in p n9m trong kho@ng 1.5-3.5V th khng ch)p
nhQn. NAu m,t c@m biAn c ng ra TTL th PLC ph@i s0 dOng cc ng vo l
TTL &' &]c cc gi trF ny. NAu cc c@m biAn TTL &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ?ng
dOng khc th nn ch dng ng ra c6c &.i c;a c@m biAn (th1Zng kho@ng
20mA).
3.1.2.3 Ng ra Sinking/Sourcing
Cc c@m biAn c ng ra Sinking (rt dng) cho php dng &in ch.y vo
c@m biAn. Cn cc c@m biAn c ng ra sourcing (ngu=n dng) cho php dng
&in ch@y tU c@m biAn ra &/i t1Bng &1Bc kAt n/i. m hai ng ra ny cJn ch
l dng &in ch? khng ph@i &in p. B9ng cch s0 dOng dng &in th nhi\u
&1Bc lo.i trU b3t.

21
Khi gi@i thch v$ v)n &$ sinking hay sourcing th ta nn quy cc ng ra
c;a c@m biAn tc &,ng nh1 cng tCc. Trong th6c tA, cc ng ra c;a c@m biAn
th1Zng l m,t transistor chuy'n m.ch. Transistor PNP &1Bc s0 dOng cho ng
ra sourcing, v transistor NPN &1Bc s0 dOng cho ng vo sinking. Khi gi@i
thch cc c@m biAn ny th khi nim ngu=n dng th1Zng &1Bc dng cho
PNP, v rt dng v3i NPN. V dO c@m biAn ng ra sinking &1Bc cho E hnh
3.3.

Hnh 3.3: C>m bi8n NPN (c>m bi8n rt dng).

Hnh 3.4: C>m bi8n PNP (c>m bi8n sourcing)
D' c@m biAn ho.t &,ng cJn ph@i c ngu=n cung c)p (chn L+ v L-). Khi
c@m biAn pht hin &/i t1Bng th c &in p t.i c6c B c;a transistor NPN,
transistor chuy'n sang tr.ng thi dkn v cho php dng ch@y vo c@m biAn
xu/ng mass (chn L-).
Khi khng pht hin &/i t1Bng th &in p t.i c6c B c;a transistor E m?c
th)p (0V), transistor khng dkn. Di$u ny c nghâ ng ra NPN sj khng c
dng vo/ra.
Cc c@m biAn sourcing th ng1Bc v3i cc c@m biAn sinking. N s0
dOng transistor PNP (hnh 3.4). Khi c@m biAn khng &1Bc kch ho.t th c6c B
c;a transistor E gi trF L+, v transistor E tr.ng thi ng1ng dkn. Khi c@m biAn
&1Bc kch ho.t th c6c B transistor sj &1Bc &>t E 0V, v transistor cho php
dng &in ch@y tU c@m biAn ra ngoi thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i.
HJu hAt cc c@m biAn NPN/PNP c kh@ nRng dng &An vi ampere, v chng
c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' n/i tr6c tiAp v3i t@i (lun lun ki'm tra sK tay &' biAt
chnh xc dng &in v &in p &Fnh m?c).
Ch : CJn ph@i nh3 ki'm tra dng &in v &in p &Fnh m?c &/i v3i cc c@m
biAn. Khi n/i dy cc c@m biAn cJn ch &An cc chn ngu=n. Th1Zng cc

22
chn ngu=n c k hiu l L+ v COM(chn chung), nh1ng &i khi khng c
chn COM m c chn L-. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny L- l chn chung.
Khi kAt n/i cc c@m biAn sourcing v3i cc ng PLC, th cJn ch ph@i
s0 dOng cc modul ng vo lo.i sinking. Thng th1Zng cc ng vo PLC
th1Zng l lo.i sinking.
Trong ?ng dOng v3i PLC, &' gi@m l1Bng dy n/i, th cc c@m biAn hai
dy th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng. V dO v$ s4 &= n/i dy cc c@m biAn s0 dOng
ngu=n 24VDC v3i PLC &1Bc chH nh1 hnh 3.5. C@m biAn hai dy c th' &1Bc
s0 dOng cho c@ hai lo.i ng vo sourcing ho>c ng vo sinking c;a PLC.

a. Ng vo PLC lo@i sourcing b. Ng vo PLC lo@i sinking
Hnh 3.5: K8t n-i c>m bi8n 2 dy v9i ng vo PLC.
HJu hAt cc c@m biAn hin &.i c c@ hai ng ra PNP v NPN. Thng
th1Zng c@m biAn lo.i PNP th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ng vo PLC.
Trong cc b@n vj th cc chn c;a cc c@m biAn NPN v PNP c k hiu
v$ mu sCc nh1 sau: dy mu nu l L+, dy mu xanh d14ng l L- v ng ra
th mu trCng &/i v3i sinking v mu &en &/i v3i sourcing.
CJn l1u l khi tiAp &i'm trong c@m biAn sinking &ng th ng ra &1Bc
n/i v3i COM ho>c L-, tiAp &i'm trong sourcing &ng th ng ra n/i v3i L+.

a. Ng vo PLC lo@i sourcing b. Ng vo PLC lo@i sinking
Hnh 3.6: K8t n-i c>m bi8n NPN v PNP dy v9i ng vo PLC.


23
3.1.2.4 Ng ra Solid state relay
Cc ng ra Solid state relays &ng m.ch dng &in AC. Cc c@m biAn
ny &1Bc s0 dOng v3i t@i l3n.
3.1.3 Pht hiGn /;i t#Lng
C hai cch c4 b@n &' pht hin &/i t1Bng: tiAp xc v tiAp cQn
(proximity).
TiAp xc c nghâ l tiAp &i'm c4 kh cJn m,t l6c tc &,ng gi7a c@m biAn
v &/i t1Bng.
TiAp cQn &' chH bo r9ng m,t &/i t1Bng &ang E gJn nh1ng khng yu
cJu tiAp xc.
Cc phJn sau &y sj minh h]a cc ki'u khc nhau c;a cc c@m biAn &'
pht hin s6 hin din c;a cc &/i t1Bng. PhJn ny khng &i su vo cc c@m
biAn m chH m t@ cc nguyn l trong l^nh v6c ?ng dOng.
3.1.3.1 Chuy0n m7ch ti:p xc
Chuy'n m.ch tiAp xc (contact switch ) th1Zng c hai d.ng l th1Zng hE
(normally open) v th1Zng &ng (normally closed). VP c;a chng &1Bc gia c/
&' c th' chFu &1Bc l6c c4 tc &,ng nhi$u lJn.
3.1.3.2 Reed Switches
Reed switches th r)t gi/ng relay, ngo.i trU m,t nam chm v^nh c0u
&1Bc s0 dOng thay thA cu,n dy. Khi nam chm E xa th tiAp &i'm mE, nh1ng
khi nam chm &An gJn th tiAp &i'm &ng l.i (hnh 3.7). Cc c@m biAn ny ro
ti$n v chng th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc mn chCn v c0a an ton.

Hnh 3.7: Read switch
3.1.3.3 C8m bi:n quang (Optical Sensor)
C@m biAn nh sng &1Bc s0 dOng gJn m,t thA kl qua. Nguyn th;y l tA
bo quang &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc ?ng dOng nh1 &]c cc track m thanh trn
cc hnh @nh chuy'n &,ng. Nh1ng cc c@m biAn quang hin &.i th ph?c t.p
h4n nhi$u.
Cc c@m biAn quang yu cJu c c@ hai b, phQn l ngu=n sng (pht) v
&Ju thu (detector). Cc &Ju pht (emitter) sj pht ra cc tia sng trong vng
phK nhn th)y v khng nhn th)y &1Bc s0 dOng LED v diode laser. DJu thu
c c)u t.o l cc diode quang (photodidode) ho>c transistor quang
(phototransistor). DJu pht v &Ju thu &1Bc &>t vo vF tr &' &/i t1Bng khi

24
xu)t hin sj cCt ngang ho>c ph@n x. l.i tia sng. C@m biAn quang &4n gi@n
cho E hnh 3.8.

Trong hnh, chm sng &1Bc t.o ra n9m E bn tri, &1Bc h,i tO qua m,t
th)u knh. D/i din l &Ju thu, chm tia &1Bc h,i tO b9ng m,t th)u knh th?
hai. NAu chm tia bF ngCt, th &Ju thu sj chH bo m,t &/i t1Bng xu)t hin. nh
sng &1Bc t.o ra d13i d.ng xung &' c@m biAn c th' l]c &1Bc nh sng bnh
th1Zng trong phng. nh sng tU &Ju pht &1Bc tCt v mE t.i m,t tJn s/ &>t.
Khi &Ju thu nhQn nh sng, n ki'm tra &' &@m b@o chCc chCn r9ng n c
cng tJn s/. NAu nh sng &ang nhQn &1Bc t.i tJn s/ &ng th chm tia
khng bF ngCt. TJn s/ dao &,ng n9m trong ph.m vi KHz. Ngoi ra v3i ph14ng
php tJn s/ th cc c@m biAn c th' &1Bc s0 dOng v3i cng su)t th)p h4n v
kho@ng cch di h4n. DJu pht c th' bCt &Ju tU m,t &i'm tr6c tiAp t.i &Ju
thu, &y cn g]i l chA &, t6 ph@n x.. Khi tia sng bF ngCt, th &/i t1Bng &1Bc
pht hin. C@m biAn ny cJn hai b, phQn ring (hnh 3.9a). S6 xAp &>t ny
lm vic t/t v3i cc &/i t1Bng chCn sng v ph@n x. v3i &Ju pht v &Ju thu
&1Bc tch ring v3i kho@ng cch ln &An c@ trRm mt.

G14ng
ph@n x.
nh sng &1Bc truy$n
D/i t1Bng nhQn biAt
nh sng ph@n x.
b. Y-i t!Ang nh1n bi8t ngEt nh sng
PhJn
t0 pht
PhJn
t0 thu
Sensor


25

Hnh 13.9: Cc lo@i c>m bi8n quang khc nhau
DJu thu v &Ju pht tch ring lm tRng v)n &$ v$ b@o tr v yu cJu v$
s6 thpng hng. M,t gi@i php khc l &Ju pht v &Ju thu &1Bc &>t chung
trn m,t vP. Nh1ng &i$u ny yu cJu nh sng t6 ph@n x. trE v$ (hnh
3.9b,c). Cc c@m biAn ny chH t/t cho cc &/i t1Bng l3n v3i kho@ng cch m,t
vi met.
Trong hnh, &Ju pht pht m,t chm tia sng. NAu nh sng bF d,i trE v$
tU g14ng ph@n x. th hJu hAt sj trE v$ &Ju thu. Khi m,t &/i t1Bng ngCt chm
tia gi7a &Ju pht v g14ng ph@n x. th chm tia sj khng t6 ph@n x. trE v$
&Ju thu v c@m biAn &1Bc tc &,ng. M,t v)n &$ r;i ro cho cc c@m biAn ny l
cc &/i t1Bng t6 ph@n x. l.i chm tia sng t/t. D' gi@i quyAt th s0 dOng bin
php phn c6c nh sng t.i &Ju pht (b9ng b, l]c), v sau & sau & s0 dOng
m,t b, l]c phn c6c t.i &Ju thu.
3.1.3.4 C8m bi:n /iGn dung (Capacitive Sensor)
Cc c@m biAn &in dung c th' pht hin hJu hAt cc vQt liu v3i kho@ng
cch vi cm.
Cng th?c bi'u di\n m/i quan h &in dung:
d
A
C
. e
= v3i C: Din dung (Farads)
e : H9ng s/ &in mi
A: Din tch b@n c6c
D: Kho@ng cch gi7a cc b@n c6c.
Trong c@m biAn, din tch cc b@n c6c v kho@ng cch gi7a chng l c/
&Fnh. Nh1ng h9ng s/ &in mi c;a khng gian xung quanh chng sj thay &Ki
khi cc vQt liu &1Bc mang &An gJn c@m biAn. Minh h]a E hnh 3.10.
B$ m>t c;a c@m biAn &in dung &1Bc hnh thnh bEi hai &in c6c kim
lo.i &=ng tm c;a m,t tO &in. Khi m,t &/i t1Bng &An gJn b$ m>t nhQn biAt n
&i vo vng &in tr1Zng c;a cc &in c6c v thay &Ki &in dung trong m.ch
dao &,ng. KAt qu@ l b, t.o dao &,ng bCt &Ju dao &,ng. M.ch trigger &]c
bin &, c;a b, dao &,ng v khi &.t &An m?c xc &Fnh th tr.ng thi ng ra sj
thay &Ki. Khi &/i t1Bng rZi khPi c@m biAn th bin &, c;a b, dao &,ng gi@m,
c@m biAn chuy'n v$ tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng.

26

Hnh 3.10: C>m bi8n #i'n dung
Cc c@m biAn ny lm vic t/t &/i v3i ch)t cch &in (nh1 ch)t doo) c h9ng
s/ &in mi cao (lm tRng &in dung). H9ng s/ &in mi cng l3n th kho@ng
cch ho.t &,ng cng cao. V dO khi hiu chHnh &ng th ch)t lPng trong thng
ch?a c th' &1Bc pht hin &1Bc d\ dng. Tuy nhin, chng cang lm vic
t/t &/i v3i kim lo.i.
Cc c@m biAn th1Zng &1Bc chA t.o v3i cc vng (khng ph@i b@n
c6c) theo hnh 3.11. Trong hnh, hai vng kim lo.i n9m bn trong l cc &in
c6c c;a tO &in, nh1ng vng ngoi th? ba &1Bc thm vo &' b s6 thay &Ki.
NAu khng c vng b ny th c@m biAn sj r)t nh.y c@m v3i bOi b>m, dJu v
cc ch)t khc dnh trn c@m biAn.

Hnh 3.11: B/ mTt nh1n bi8t cCa c>m bi8n #i'n dung
Ph.m vi v &, chnh xc c;a cc c@m biAn &1Bc xc &Fnh bEi kch
th13c c;a chng. Cc c@m biAn l3n c th' c &1Zng knh vi centimeter. Ci
nhP c &1Zng knh nhP h4n m,t centimeter v c ph.m vi nhP h4n nh1ng
chnh xc h4n.
3.1.3.5 C8m bi:n /iGn c8m (Inductive Sensor)
Cc c@m biAn &in c@m s0 dOng dng &in c@m ?ng &' pht hin &/i
t1Bng l kim lo.i. C@m biAn &in c@m s0 dOng m,t cu,n dy &' t.o m,t tU
tr1Zng tJn s/ cao &1Bc cho E hnh 3.12. NAu c m,t &/i t1Bng l kim lo.i &An
gJn lm thay &Ki tU tr1Zng, th sj c dng ch@y vo &/i t1Bng. Dng ch@y ny
t.o ra m,t tU tr1Zng m3i ng1Bc v3i tU tr1Zng ban &Ju. KAt qu@ l n lm thay
Din c6c
Din c6c b
Khng c C &/i t1Bng Khng c
&/i t1Bng &/i t1Bng

27
&Ki &, t6 c@m c;a cu,n dy trong c@m biAn. B9ng cch &o &, t6 c@m, c@m
biAn c th' xc &Fnh m,t &/i t1Bng kim lo.i &An gJn.
Cc c@m biAn ny sj pht hin b)t k` kim lo.i no, khi cJn pht hin cc
lo.i kim lo.i th cc c@m biAn &a kim lo.i th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng.

Hnh 3.12: C>m bi8n ti8p c1n #i'n c>m
Khi &/i t1Bng kim lo.i &i vo vng &in tU tr1Zng, th dng &in xoy
truy$n vo &/i t1Bng. Di$u ny lm tRng t@i trong c@m biAn, lm gi@m bin &,
c;a &in tU tr1Zng. M.ch trigger gim st bin &, dao &,ng khi &.t &An m?c
&Fnh tr13c th n chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra c;a c@m biAn. Khi &/i t1Bng di
chuy'n khPi c@m biAn, th bin &, dao &,ng tRng ln. Khi &An gi trF &Fnh tr13c
th m.ch trigger chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra trE v$ &i$u kin bnh th1Zng.

Hnh 3.13: C>m bi8n ti8p c1n #i'n c>m
Cc c@m biAn c th' pht hin cc &/i t1Bng cch xa vi centimeter.
Nh1ng h13ng c;a &/i t1Bng c th' l b)t k` nh1 hnh 3.14. TU tr1Zng c;a
cc c@m biAn khng b]c bao ph; xung quanh &Ju c;a cu,n dy l3n h4n.
B9ng cch lCp thm vP b]c kim lo.i th tU tr1Zng sj nhP h4n, nh1ng h13ng
c;a &/i t1Bng nhQn biAt &1Bc c@i thin h4n.
Khng c C &/i t1Bng Khng c
&/i t1Bng &/i t1Bng

28

Hnh 3.14: C>m bi8n b3c v khng b3c vB kim lo@i
3.1.3.6 C8m bi:n siu m (Ultrasonic sensor)
C@m biAn siu m pht ra m thanh trn ng1Lng nghe bnh th1Zng
16kHz. ThZi gian &1Bc yu cJu &' m thanh di chuy'n &An mOc tiu v ph@n
h=i trE v$ tl l v3i kho@ng cch mOc tiu. C hai lo.i c@m biAn l:
- T^nh &in (electrostatic): S0 dOng hiu ?ng &in dung. Ph.m vi l3n v
bRng thng r,ng h4n nh1ng &, nh.y cao h4n v3i &/i t1Bng [m 13t.
- p &in (piezoelectric): D6a vo phJn t0 p &in th.ch anh.
Cc c@m biAn ny c th' r)t hiu qu@ cho cc ?ng dOng nh1 &o m?c
ch)t lPng trong thng ch?a.
3.1.3.7 HiGu "ng Hall (Hall Effect)
Cc cng tCc hiu ?ng Hall c4 b@n l cc transistor c th' chuy'n m.ch
bEi tU tr1Zng. Cc ?ng dOng c;a chng th r)t gi/ng v3i reed switch, nh1ng v
chng chH l ch)t bn dkn nn chng ph hBp v3i cc chuy'n &,ng. Cc my
mc t6 &,ng ha th1Zng s0 dOng chng &' th6c hin khEi &,ng v pht hin
vF tr dUng.
3.1.3.8 L#u l#Lng (Fluid Flow)

Hnh 3.15: xc #Unh l!u l!Ang dng ch>y v9i c>m bi8n ti8p c1n c>m


29
Chng ta c th' thay thA cc c@m biAn ph?c t.p b9ng cc c@m biAn &4n
gi@n. Hnh 3.15 cho th)y m,t phao kim lo.i trong m,t knh hnh nn. T/c &,
dng ch@y tRng p l6c &[y phao ln trn. D.ng hnh nn c;a phao &@m b@o vF
tr c;a ch)t lPng tl l v3i t/c &, dng ch@y. M,t c@m biAn tiAp cQn &in c@m c
th' &1Bc &Fnh vF &' n pht hin khi phao &.t &An &, cao no &, v h th/ng
&.t &An t/c &, dng ch@y & &Fnh.
3.1.4 Tm tMt
C@m biAn Sourcing cho php dng &in ch@y tU c6c L+ c;a ngu=n.
C@m biAn Sinking cho php dng &in ch@y tU c6c L- c;a ngu=n..
C@m biAn quang c th' s0 dOng chm tia ph@n x., &Ju pht v &Ju thu v
nh sng ph@n x. &' pht hin &/i t1Bng.
C@m biAn &in dung c th' pht hin kim lo.i v cc vQt liu khc.
C@m biAn &in c@m pht hin &1Bc kim lo.i.
C@m biAn hiu ?ng Hall v reed switch c th' pht hin &1Bc nam chm.
C@m biAn siu m s0 dOng sng m &' pht hin cc phJn t0 cch xa nhi$u
meter.
3.2 C6 c4u ch4p hnh
3.2.1 GiIi thiGu
C4 c)u ch)p hnh &1Bc s0 dOng &' biAn &Ki nRng l1Bng &in thnh
chuy'n &,ng c4 h]c.
3.2.2 Solenoid
Solenoid l c4 c)u ch)p hnh thng dOng nh)t. Nguyn l ho.t &,ng c4
b@n l s6 di chuy'n li sCt (piston) trong cu,n dy (hnh 3.16). Bnh th1Zng
piston &1Bc gi7 bn ngoi cu,n dy. Khi cu,n dy &1Bc c)p &in, cu,n dy
sinh ra tU tr1Zng ht piston v ko n vo trung tm c;a cu,n dy. Mng dOng
quan tr]ng nh)t c;a solenoid l &i$u khi'n cc van kh nn, th;y l6c v kha
c0a xe.

Khng c &in c &in
Hnh 3.16: Solenoid
CJn ch l cc cu,n c@m c th' t.o ra &in p gai nh]n v c th' cJn
cc b, gi@m s/c. M>c d vQy hJu hAt trong cc ?ng dOng cng nghip c &in
p th)p v dng &in &Fnh m?c, chng c th' &1Bc kAt n/i tr6c tiAp v3i cc
ng ra c;a PLC. HJu hAt cc solenoid cng nghip s0 dOng ngu=n cung c)p
24Vdc v dng &Fnh m?c m,t vi trRm mA.

30
3.2.3 Van /i,u khi0n (VALVE)
Dng ch)t lPng v kh c th' &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng cc van &i$u khi'n
solenoid. V dO van &i$u khi'n solenoid &1Bc cho E hnh 3.17.
solenoid
solenoid
Kh ra Kh vo
Kh vo Kh ra

Hnh 3.17: M$t solenoid #i/u khi+n van 5 c[a 2 vU tr
Cc lo.i van &1Bc lit k d13i &y. Theo tiu chu[n, thuQt ng7 n-c0a
(n-c0a) &' chH &Fnh s/ l1Bng kAt n/i cc ng vo v ra c;a van. Trong m,t vi
tr1Zng hBp c c0a &' x@ kh ra. Vic thiAt kA th1Zng &ng/th1Zng mE cho
biAt &i$u kin van khi m)t ngu=n c)p.
Van 2 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng #ng (van 2/2): Cc van ny c 1 c0a vo v
m,t c0a ra. Khi m)t ngu=n cung c)p th E vF tr th1Zng &ng. Khi c
ngu=n cung c)p, th van mE cho php dng kh hay ch)t lPng ch@y qua.
Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' cho php dng ch@y.
Van 2 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng mH (van 2/2): Cc van ny c m,t c0a vo v
m,t c0a ra. Khi m)t ngu=n th mE cho php dng ch@y. Khi c ngu=n,
van &ng. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' ngCt dng ch@y.
Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng #ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c c0a vo, c0a
ra v c0a x@ kh. Khi m)t ngu=n th c0a ra &1Bc n/i v3i c0a x@ kh. Khi
c ngu=n th c0a vo &1Bc n/i v3i c0a ra. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng
cho cc cylinder tc &,ng &4n.
Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr th!Kng mH (van 3/2): Cc van ny c c0a vo, c0a
ra v c0a x@ kh. Khi m)t ngu=n th c0a vo &1Bc n/i v3i c0a ra. Khi c
ngu=n th van n/i c0a ra v3i c0a x@ kh. Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng
cho cc cylinder tc &,ng &4n.
Van 3 c[a, 2 vU tr #a n\ng (van 3/2): Cc van ny c 3 c0a. M,t trong
cc c0a ho.t &,ng nh1 l c0a vo ho>c c0a ra, v &1Bc n/i &An m,t
trong hai c0a khc khi m)t ngu=n ho>c c ngu=n. Cc van ny c th'

31
&1Bc s0 dOng &' lm chuy'n h13ng dng ch@y, ho>c ch]n ngu=n qua
l.i.
Van 4 c[a, 2 vU tr (van 4/2): Cc van ny c 4 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 c0a
x@ kh. Khi c ngu=n van n/i cc c0a vo v3i cc c0a ra v ng1Bc l.i.
Cc van ny &1Bc s0 dOng v3i cc cylinder tc &,ng kp.
Van 5 c[a, 2 vU tr (van 5/2): Cc van ny c 5 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 c0a
x@ kh.
Van 4 c[a, 3 vU tr (van 4/3): Cc van ny c 4 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 1 x@.
m tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng (khng c ngu=n nRng l1Bng) th cc c0a
vo/ra &$u bF ch>n. Van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n vF tr cc
cylinder.
Van 5 c[a, 3 vU tr (van 5/3): Van ny c 5 c0a, 1 vo, 2 ra v 2 c0a x@.
T14ng t6 nh1 van 4/3, van ny &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n vF tr cc
cylinder.
K hiu c;a cc van &1Bc cho E hnh 3.18. Khi s0 dOng trong cc b@n vj
th vj E tr.ng thi khng &1Bc c)p ngu=n nRng l1Bng. Mai tn chH &1Zng dkn
dng ch@y &An cc vF tr khc. Bi'u t1Bng tam gic nhP &' chH c0a x@ kh.

K hiGu
Lo7i van
i,u khi0n bEng kh nn i,u khi0n bEng solenoid
Van 2 c0a, 2 vF tr

Th1Zng &ng

Th1Zng mE

Th1Zng &ng

Th1Zng mE
Van 3 c0a, 2 vF tr

Th1Zng &ng

Th1Zng mE

Th1Zng &ng

Th1Zng mE

32
Van 4 c0a, 2 vF tr

Ho>c

Van 5 c0a, 2 vF tr

Ho>c

Van 4 c0a, 3 vF tr

Van 5 c0a, 3 vF tr

Hnh 3.18 K hi'u cc van #i/u khi+n bPng kh v solenoid
Khi ch]n l6a van, cJn ch m,t s/ chi tiAt sau:
- Kch th13c /ng: C0a vo v ra theo tiu chu[n NPT (national pipe thread).
- T/c &, dng ch@y: T/c &, dng ch@y c6c &.i th1Zng &1Bc cung c)p
cho cc van th;y l6c.
- p su)t ho.t &,ng: p su)t ho.t &,ng c6c &.i ph@i &1Bc chH bo. M,t
vi van c yu cJu p su)t t/i thi'u &' ho.t &,ng.
- Ngu=n &in: Cc cu,n dy solenoid yu cJu &1Bc cung c)p m,t &in
p v dng &in c/ &Fnh (AC ho>c DC).
- ThZi gian &p ?ng: Dy l thZi gian &' van &ng/mE hon ton. ThZi
gian tiu bi'u cho cc van n9m trong ph.m vi tU 5ms &An 150ms.
- VP b]c: VP b]c cho cc van &1Bc xAp theo lo.i:
Lo.i 1 ho>c 2: S0 dOng trong nh, yu cJu b@o v ch/ng n13c.
Lo.i 3: S0 dOng ngoi trZi, ch/ng bOi b>m v m1a gi.
Lo.i 3R ho>c 3S ho>c 4: Ch/ng n13c v bOi.
Lo.i 4X: Ch/ng n13c, bOi v s6 Rn mn.
3.2.4 Xy lanh (CYLINDER)

33
Cylinder s0 dOng p l6c kh ho>c ch)t lPng &' t.o l6c/chuy'n &,ng tuyAn
tnh (hnh 3.19). Trong hnh, dng ch)t lPng &1Bc b4m vo m,t pha c;a
cylinder lm dFch chuy'n piston v$ pha cn l.i. Ch)t lPng E pha ny &1Bc
thot t6 do. L6c tc dOng ln cylinder tl l v3i din tch b$ m>t c;a piston.
Cng th?c tnh l6c:
F= P.A
A
F
P = V3i P: p su)t th;y l6c
F: L6c &[y piston
A: Din tch piston

Hnh 3.19 MTt cEt cCa m$t cylinder thCy lc
Cylinder tc &,ng &4n yu cJu cung c)p l6c khi duWi ra v s0 dOng l xo
&' co v$. Cn cylinder tc &,ng kp th cung c)p l6c E c@ hai pha.

Hnh 3.20 cylinder tc #$ng #:n v cylinder tc #$ng kp
Cc cylinder tU th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong &i$u khi'n kh nn. Trn &Ju
c;a piston c m,t m@nh nam chm. Khi n di chuy'n &An vF tr gi3i h.n th cc
cng tCc reed switch sj pht hin ra.

3.2.5 1ng c6
D,ng c4 l c4 c)u ch)p hnh thng th1Zng, nh1ng &/i v3i ?ng dOng
cho &i$u khi'n nhF phn th &>c &i'm c;a n khng quan tr]ng. Di$u khi'n
logic tiu bi'u c;a cc &,ng c4 l &ng cCt &in cho n. Cc &,ng c4 c dng

34
&in nhP c th' &)u tr6c tiAp vo cc ng ra c;a PLC, cn &/i v3i cc &,ng
c4 cng su)t l3n th s0 dOng relay hay contactor ho>c b, khEi &,ng &,ng c4.
Cc &,ng c4 sj &1Bc kh@o st chi tiAt h4n E ch!:ng cc c>m bi8n v c: c7u
ch7p hnh analog (t1p 2).
3.2.6 Cc c6 c4u ch4p hnh khc
Ngoi cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh k' trn cn c nhi$u lo.i c4 c)u ch)p hnh
khc nhau trong &i$u khi'n logic. M,t s/ c4 c)u ch)p hnh th1Zng &1Bc s0
dOng relay v contactor.
Ngoi ra c m,t s/ c4 c)u ch)p hnh khc:
- L nhi't: Th1Zng &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng relay, &ng v cCt &in &'
gi7 nhit &, n9m trong m,t ph.m vi no &.
- Yn bo: Dn bo &1Bc s0 dOng cho hJu hAt cc my mc &' chH
bo tr.ng thi my v cung c)p thng tin cho ng1Zi vQn hnh. HJu
hAt cc &n bo c dng &in th)p v &1Bc kAt n/i tr6c tiAp &An
PLC.
- Ci/chung bo: Ci hay chung bo c th' &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc
my mc khng &1Bc gim st ho>c &ang bF nguy hi'm. Chng
th1Zng &1Bc n/i tr6c tiAp v3i cc ng ra c;a PLC.
Chu Ch YGc 4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200
35
4 B1 /i,u khi0n l2p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200

4.1 C4u hnh c"ng
4.1.1 Kh;i xH l trung tm
PLC S7-200 l thiAt bF &i$u khi'n lQp trnh lo.i nhP (micro PLC) c;a hng
Siemens (CHLB D?c) c c)u trc theo ki'u modul v c cc modul mE r,ng.
Thnh phJn c4 b@n c;a S7 - 200 l kh/i x0 l trung tm (CPU: Central
Processing Unit) bao g=m hai ch;ng lo.i: CPU 21x v CPU 22x. MWi ch;ng
lo.i c nhi$u CPU. Lo.i CPU 21x ngy nay khng cn s@n xu)t n7a, tuy nhin
hin vkn cn s0 dOng r)t nhi$u trong cc tr1Zng h]c v trong s@n xu)t. Tiu
bi'u cho lo.i ny l CPU 214. CPU 214 c cc &>c tnh nh1 sau:
- B, nh3 ch14ng trnh (ch?a trong EEPROM): 4096 Byte (4 kByte)
- B, nh3 d7 liu (Vng nh3 V): 4096 Byte (trong & 512 Byte ch?a
trong EEPROM)
- S/ l1Bng ng vo:14 , v
- S/ l1Bng ng ra: 10 ng ra digital tch hBp trong CPU
- S/ module mE r,ng: 7 g=m c@ module analog
- S/ l1Bng vo/ra s/ c6c &.i: 64
- S/ l1Bng Timer :128 Timer chia lm 3 lo.i theo &, phn gi@i khc
nhau: 4 Timer 1ms, 16 Timer 10 ms v 108 Timer c &, phn gi@i
100ms.
- S/ l1Bng Counter: 128 b, &Am chia lm hai lo.i: 96 Counter Up v 32
Counter Up/Down.
- Bit memory (Vng nh3 M): 256 bit
- Special memory (SM) : 688 bit dng &' thng bo tr.ng thi v &>t
chA &, lm vic.
- C php tnh s/ h]c
4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200 Chu Ch YGc

36
- B, &Am t/c &, cao (High-speed counters): 2 counter 2 KHz v 1
counter 7 KHz
- Ng vo analog tch hBp sSn (biAn trE): 2.
- Cc chA &, ngCt v x0 l ngCt g=m: ngCt truy$n thng, ngCt theo s1Zn
ln ho>c xu/ng, ngCt thZi gian, ngCt c;a b, &Am t/c &, cao v ngCt
truy$n xung.
Ton b, vng nh3 khng bF m)t d7 liu trong kho@ng thZi gian 190 giZ
khi PLC bF m)t ngu=n nui.
S4 &= b$ m>t c;a b, &i$u khi'n logic kh@ trnh S7-200 CPU 214 &1Bc
cho nh1 hnh 4.1.

SIEMENS
SIMATIC
S7-200
CPU 214 SF
RUN
STOP
I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7
Q1.0
Q1.1
Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7

Hnh 4.1: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh S7-200 CPU 214
* M tB cc 'n bo trn CPU 214:
- SF (Yn #B): Dn &P SF bo hiu h th/ng bF lWi. Dn SF sng
ln khi PLC c lWi.
- RUN ( Dn xanh): cho biAt PLC &ang E chA &, lm vic v th6c hin
ch14ng trnh &1Bc n.p vo trong b, nh3 ch14ng
trnh c;a PLC.
- STOP (Yn vng): Dn vng STOP chH &Fnh PLC &ang E chA &,
dUng. DUng ch14ng trnh &ang th6c hin l.i.
- I x.x (Yn xanh): Dn xanh E cKng vo chH &Fnh tr.ng thi t?c thZi
c;a cKng ( x.x = 0.0 - 1.5). Dn ny bo hiu tr.ng
thi c;a tn hiu theo gi trF logic c;a cKng.

Bo tr.ng thi
ng vo/ra

Bo tr.ng
thi CPU

Ng vo

Ng ra

Card nh3

Ki'u ho.t &,ng
BiAn trE
CKng PPI
N/i &An thiAt
bF lQp trnh
4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC Simatic S7-200

37
- Qy.y (Yn xanh): Dn xanh E cKng ra chH &Fnh tr.ng thi t?c thZi c;a
cKng ( y.y = 0.0 - 1.1). Dn ny bo hiu tr.ng thi
c;a tn hiu theo gi trF logic c;a cKng.
Hin nay, CPU 22x v3i nhi$u tnh nRng v1Bt tr,i & thay thA lo.i CPU
21x v hin &ang &1Bc s0 dOng r)t nhi$u. Tiu bi'u cho lo.i ny l CPU 224.
Thng tin v$ CPU 22x &1Bc cho nh1 b@ng 4.1 v hnh dng CPU 224 E hnh 4.2.
3Uc 'i*m CPU 221 CPU 222 CPU 224 CPU 224XP CPU 226
I/O trn CPU
Digital
Analog

6DI/4DO
-

8DI/6DO
-

14DI/10DO
-

14DI/10DO
2AI/1AO

24DI/16DO
-
S/ module mE r,ng
max.
0 2 7 7 7
B, nh3 ch14ng
trnh
4KB 4KB 8KB 12KB 16KB
B, nh3 d7 liu 2KB 2KB 8KB 10KB 10KB
ThZi gian x0 l 0,37 s 0,37 s 0,37 s 0,37 s 0,37 s
Memory
bits/counters/timers
256/256/256 256/256/256 256/256/256 256/256/256 256/256/256
High-speed
counters
4 x 30 kHz 4 x 30 kHz 6 x 30 kHz
4 x 30 kHz
2x 200 kHz
6 x 30 kHz
Real-time clock card card Tch hBp Tch hBp Tch hBp
Ng ra xung 2 x 20 kHz 2 x 20 kHz 2 x 20 kHz 2 x 100 kHz 2 x 20 kHz
CKng giao tiAp 1x RS-485 1x RS-485 1x RS-485 2x RS-485 2x RS-485
BiAn trE analog trn
CPU
1 1 2 2 2
B>ng 4.1: B>ng dQ li'u v/ CPU h3 22x
* ChTn chM 'S lm viKc cho PLC
Cng tCc ch]n chA &, lm vic n9m E pha trn, c ba vF tr cho php
ch]n cc chA &, lm vic khc nhau c;a PLC:
- RUN: Cho php PLC th6c hin ch14ng trnh trong b, nh3. PLC S7-200
sj rZi khPi chA &, RUN v chuy'n sang chA &, STOP nAu trong
my c s6 c/, ho>c trong ch14ng trnh g>p lnh STOP.

38
- STOP: C1Lng b?c PLC dUng ch14ng trnh &ang ch.y v chuy'n sang
chA &, STOP. m chA &, STOP, PLC cho php hiu chHnh, n.p,
xa m,t ch14ng trnh.
- TERM: Cho php ng1Zi dng tU my tnh quyAt &Fnh ch]n m,t trong hai
chA &, lm vic cho PLC ho>c RUN ho>c STOP.

Hnh 4.2: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh CPU 224
* CVng truy(n thng
S7-200 s0 dOng cKng truy$n thng n/i tiAp RS485 v3i phch n/i 9 chn
&' phOc vO cho vic ghp n/i v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c v3i cc tr.m PLC khc.
T/c &, truy$n cho my lQp trnh ki'u PPI l 9600 baud. T/c &, truy$n cung
c)p c;a PLC theo ki'u t6 do l tU 300 baud &An 38400 baud.
D' ghp n/i S7-200 v3i my lQp trnh PG720 (hng Siemens) ho>c v3i
cc lo.i my lQp trnh thu,c h] PG7xx c th' s0 dOng m,t cp n/i thpng qua
MPI. Cp & &i km theo my lQp trnh.
Ghp n/i S7-200 v3i my tnh PC qua cKng RS-232 cJn c cp n/i
PC/PPI v3i b, chuy'n &Ki RS232/RS485, v qua cKng USB ta c cp
USB/PPI.
* Card nhQ, pin, clock (CPU 221, CPU222)
S7-200 cung c)p nhi$u bin php &@m b@o cho ch14ng trnh ng1Zi
dng, d7 liu ch14ng trnh v c)u hnh d7 liu &1Bc duy tr sau:
Khe cCm
- Memory
Module
- Battery
Module,
- Clock Module
(221, 222)
LED bo tr.ng
thi CPU
CKng truy$n
thng
DJu n/i c th' tho rZi
(trn 224, 226)
LW bCt ch>t
vo vch
BiAn trE
chHnh gi trF
analog
LED bo tr.ng
thi I/O
Ch/t kha module
trn gi &L

39
M,t tO &in v3i &in dung l3n cho php nui b, nh3 RAM sau khi bF m)t
ngu=n &in cung c)p. Ty theo lo.i CPU m thZi gian l1u tr7 c th' ko di
nhi$u ngy. Chpng h.n E CPU 224 l kho@ng 100 giZ
Vng nh3 EEPROM cho php l1u ch14ng trnh, cc vng nh3 &1Bc
ng1Zi dng ch]n ch?a vo EEPROM v c)u hnh d7 liu.
Cho php gCn thm Pin &' nui RAM v cho php ko di thm thZi gian l1u
tr7 d7 liu, c th' ln &An 200 ngy k' tU khi m)t ngu=n &in. Ngu=n c;a Pin
sj &1Bc l)y sau khi tO &in & x@ hAt.

- Card Clock / Battery module: &=ng h= thZi gian th6c (Real-time clock)
cho CPU 221, 222 v ngu=n pin &' nui &=ng h= v l1u d7 liu. ThZi
gian s0 dOng &An 200 ngy.
* BiMn tr9 ch>nh gi tr< analog:
Hai biAn trE ny &1Bc s0 dOng nh1 hai ng vo analog cho php &i$u
chHnh cc biAn cJn ph@i thay &Ki v s0 dOng trong ch14ng trnh.
4.1.2 Kh;i mN r1ng
Trn cc CPU & tch hBp sSn m,t s/ cc ng vo v ng ra s/, chpng h.n
nh1 CPU 224 DC/DC/DC c sSn 16 ng vo v 14 ng ra. Tuy nhin trong
th6c tA , xu)t pht tU yu cJu &i$u khi'n nh1: cJn nhi$u h4n s/ ng vo/ra c
sSn, c s0 dOng tn hiu analog hay c cc yu cJu v$ truy$n thng, n/i m.ng
cc PLCm ta ph@i gCn thm vo CPU cc kh/i mE r,ng (Expansion
module) c cc ch?c nRng khc nhau (b@ng 4.2).
4.1.2.1 Digital module
Cc module s/ gCn thm vo kh/i CPU &' mE r,ng s/ l1Bng cc ng
vo/ra s/.
Kh-i ng vo s- DI (Digital Input): Siemens s@n xu)t cc kh/i ng vo s/
nh1: DI8 x 24VDC, DI8 x AC120/230V, DI16 x 24VDC.
Kh-i ng ra s- (Digital Output): Cc ng ra ny &1Bc chia ra lm 3 lo.i l
ng ra DC, ng ra AC v ng ra relay. Din p ng ra c th' l 24Vdc
ho>c 230Vac ty lo.i, v3i s/ l1Bng ng ra c th' l 4 ho>c 8.
memory
module
Clock/
Battery
module
Battery
module
Hnh 4.3: Hnh dng cc module
- Card nh9: D1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u tr7
ch14ng trnh. Ch14ng trnh ch?a trong
card nh3 bao g=m: program block, data
block, system block, cng th?c
(recipes), d7 liu &o (data logs), v cc
gi trF c1Lng b?c (force values).
- Card pin: Dng &' mE r,ng thZi gian
l1u tr7 cc d7 liu c trong b, nh3.
Ngu=n pin &1Bc t6 &,ng chuy'n sang
khi tO trong PLC c.n. Pin c th' s0
dOng &An 200 ngy.

40
Ngoi ra cn c s6 kAt hBp cc ng vo v ra s/ trn cng m,t module.
4.1.2.2 Analog module
Ngo.i trU CPU 224XP c tch hBp sSn 2 ng vo v 1 ng ra analog
(2AI/1AO) &' kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi nhQn v pht tn hiu analog, th hJu hAt cc
CPU khc c;a h] S7-200 &$u khng c tch hBp sSn. V vQy khi &i$u khi'n v3i
tn hiu analog th yu cJu ng1Zi s0 dOng ph@i gCn thm cc kh/i analog.
Kh-i ng vo t!:ng t AI (Analog Input): Tn hiu analog ng vo c th'
l tn hiu &in p ho>c dng &in. Ty thu,c vo tn hiu analog cJn &]c
l lo.i no m ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' ci &>t cho ph hBp b9ng cc cng
tCc &1Bc gCn trn module (Chi ti8t xem ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog).
Hin c cc kh/i ng vo: 4AI, 8AI. D/i v3i tn hiu analog &1Bc t.o ra
bEi thermocoupe (c>p nhit) v RTD th s0 dOng cc module &o nhit
t14ng ?ng (b@ng 4.2).
Kh-i ng ra t!:ng t AO (Analog Output): Tn hiu t14ng t6 ny c th' l
&in p ho>c dng &in ty theo ng1Zi dng ci &>t. Tn hiu ra l &in
p n9m trong kho@ng 10Vdc t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF s/ tU -32000 t3i +
32000 v tn hiu dng &in n9m trong khPang tU 0 - 20mA t14ng ?ng
v3i gi trF s/ tU 0 t3i +32000.
Ngoi cc kh/i trn cn c cc kh/i c s6 kAt hBp c@ 2 lo.i tn hiu
vo v ra analog trn cng m,t kh/i.
Cc kh;i mN
r1ng
Lo7i
Digital module
Input 8 x DC In 8 x AC In 16 x DC In
Output 4 x DC Out 4 x Relay 8 x Relay
8 x DC Out 8 x AC Out
TK hBp
4 x DC In/
4 x DC Out
8 x DC In/
8 x DC Out
16 x DC In/
16x DC Out
32 x DC In/
32x DC Out

4 x DC In/
4 x Relay
8 x DC In/
8 x Relay
16 x DC In/
16x DC Out
32 x DC In/
32x Relay
Analog module
Input 4 x Analog In 8 x Analog In
4xThermocouple
In

2 x RTD In 2 x RTD In
Output 2 x Analog Out 4 x Analog Out
TK hBp
4 x Analog In
4 x Analog Out

Intelligent module
Position Modem PROFIBUS-DP
Ethernet Ethenet IT
Cc module khc
AS-Interface SIWAREX MS

41
B>ng 4.2: Cc lo@i kh-i mH r$ng
4.1.2.3 Intelligent module
Cc PLC S7-200 c th' n/i vo cc lo.i m.ng khc nhau &' tRng c1Zng
kh@ nRng mE r,ng, truy$n thng v3i cc thiAt bF khc trong h th/ng t6 &,ng
ha.
- Master trong m@ng AS-Interface: Giao tiAp AS-i (Actuator Sensor
Interface) hay giao tiAp actuator/sensor l h th/ng kAt n/i cho c)p qu
trnh th)p nh)t trong h th/ng t6 &,ng ha nh9m t/i 1u ha vic kAt n/i
c@m biAn v c4 c)u ch)p hnh v3i thiAt bF t6 &,ng ha. V3i module
CP243-2 cho php kAt n/i m.ng AS-Interface vo PLC S7-200 v &ng
vai tr l master.
- K8t n-i vo m@ng PROFIBUS-DP: Cc PLC S7-200 c th' kAt n/i vo
m.ng Profibus ho.t &,ng nh1 m,t DP Slave nhZ vo kh/i mE r,ng
EM277. Vic s0 dOng EM277 cho php PLC S7-200 c th' kAt n/i truy$n
thng v3i cc thiAt bF trong m.ng Profibus nh1: PLC S7-300, S7-400,
mn hnh &i$u khi'n
- K8t n-i vo m@ng Ethernet: D' c th' kAt n/i S7-200 vo m.ng Industrial
Ethernet th cJn c kh/i CP 243-1. Dy l kh/i truy$n thng cho php cc
PLC S7-200 c th' &1Bc c)u hnh, lQp trnh, ch[n &on tU xa qua
Ethernet nhZ phJn m$m STEP 7 Micro/win. Gip cho cc CPU S7-200 c
th' giao tiAp v3i cc S7-200 khc, S7-300 hay S7-400 qua Ethernet. Cc
CPU c th' s0 dOng l h] CPU 22X. C th' th6c hin c)u hnh cho cc
CPU vo m.ng Ethernet nhZ vo Wizard (Menu Tools ] Ethernet
wizard).
- Internet Technology: Kh/i mE r,ng CP 243-1 IT cho php cc CPU S7-
200 c th' th6c hin cc gim st hay thay &Ki qua trnh duyt Web tU
m,t PC c n/i m.ng. Cc thng bo ch[n &on c th' g0i qua email tU
m,t h th/ng. S0 dOng cc ch?c nRng IT cho php trao &Ki cc tQp tin d7
liu v3i cc my tnh hay cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n khc. MWi m,t kh/i CP
243-1IT chH nn kAt n/i cho 2 CPU S7-200.
- Modem module: Cho php kAt n/i tr6c tiAp S7-200 vo &1Zng dy &in
tho.i, v cung c)p truy$n thng gi7a S7-200 v Step 7- micro/Win.
V3i cng cO Modem Expansion wizard cho php thiAt lQp m,t modem E
xa ho>c kAt n/i S7-200 v3i m,t thiAt bF E xa qua modem.
Kh@ nRng truy$n thng c;a S7-200 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 4.4.
4.1.2.4 Function module
L cc kh/i ch?c nRng th6c hin cc ch?c nRng &>c bit nh1 &i$u khi'n
vF tr (position module), cn (SIWREX MS).
- Position module: Module vF tr &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n t/c &, v vF tr
c;a &,ng c4 b13c (stepper motor) ho>c &,ng c4 servo (servo motor).
V3i cng cO Position Control wizard trong phJn m$m STEP 7--Micro/WIN

42
&' thiAt lQp c)u hnh cho module &i$u khi'n vF tr. Module &i$u khi'n vF tr
th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng l EM253.
SIWAREX MS: L module cn &a nRng v linh ho.t, n &1Bc s0 dOng v3i
cc h th/ng cn ho>c &o l6c s0 dOng PLC S7-200.

Hnh 4.4: Kh> n\ng truy/n thng cCa PLC S7-200
4.2 Mn hnh /i,u khi0n
Trong cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n c gim st th &/i v3i cc PLC S7-200
chng ta c th' gCn thm cc mn hnh &' &i$u khi'n v gim st. Hin c
cc lo.i l: mn hnh hi'n thF dng vRn b@n (Text Display), mn hnh &i$u
khi'n b9ng bn phm (Operator panel) v mn hnh c@m ?ng (Touch Panel).
* B>ng #i/u khi+n hi+n thU dng v\n b>n (Text Display): Cc mn hnh ny c
gi thnh th)p, cho php ng1Zi vQn hnh my c th' xem, gim st b9ng cc
dng vRn b@n v thay &Ki cc thng s/ hay chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng
&i$u khi'n b9ng cc phm trn b@ng &i$u khi'n. G=m c cc lo.i l TD100C,
TD200C, TD 200, TD400C (hnh 4.5).

Hnh 4.5: B>ng #i/u khi+n hi+n thU dng v\n b>n
S7-22x
Ethernet Network
PROFIBUS Network
AS-Interface Field Bus
PPI/MPI Network
ASCII Protocol
- E-Mail
- HTML
- FTP
- Teleservice
- SMS/paging
- PPI/modbus RTU
Phone Network
CP
243-2
EM
277
CP
243-1
EM
241
CP
243-1 IT

43
Cc b@ng &i$u khi'n ny c th' &1Bc thiAt lQp cc thng bo v nt nh)n
&i$u khi'n d\ dng b9ng cng cO Text Display wizard (menu l'nh Tools > Text
Display Wizard) trong STEP 7--Micro/WIN.
* Operator Panel v Touch Panel: Cc mn hnh &1Bc ?ng dOng &i$u khi'n v
gim st cc my mc, thiAt bF nhP. ThZi gian thiAt lQp c)u hnh v vQn hnh
nhanh v3i phJn m$m WinCC flexible. G=m c cc lo.i: OP 73micro, TP
177micro (mn hnh ny thay thA cc mn hnh tr13c TP 070/TP 170micro)
(hnh 4.6).

Hnh 4.6: Mn hnh OP 73micro v TP 177mico.
4.3 Cc vng nhI
B, nh3 c;a cc PLC S7-200 &1Bc chia ra lm cc vng nh3 nh1 b@ng 4.3.
* Vng nh9 #'m ng vo s- I:
CPU sj &]c tr.ng thi tn hiu c;a t)t c@ cc ng vo s/ E &Ju mWi chu
k` qut, sau & sj ch?a cc gi trF ny vo vng nh3 &m ng vo. C th'
truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh9 #'m ng ra s- Q:
Trong qu trnh x0 l ch14ng trnh CPU sj l1u cc gi trF x0 l thu,c
vng nh3 ng ra vo &y. T.i cu/i mWi vng qut CPU sj sao chp n,i dung
vng nh3 &m ny v chuy'n ra cc ng ra vQt l. C th' truy cQp vng nh3
ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh9 bi8n V:
S0 dOng vng nh3 V &' l1u tr7 cc kAt qu@ php ton trung gian c
&1Bc do cc x0 l logic c;a ch14ng trnh. Cang c th' s0 dOng vng nh3 &'
l1u tr7 cc d7 liu khc lin quan &An ch14ng trnh hay nhim vO &i$u khi'n.
C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh9 M:
C th' coi vng nh3 M nh1 l cc relay &i$u khi'n trong ch14ng trnh &' l1u
tr7 tr.ng thi trung gian c;a m,t php ton hay cc thng tin &i$u khi'n khc.
C th' truy cQp vng nh3 ny theo bit, Byte, Word hay Doubleword.
* Vng nh9 b$ #Unh thKi T:

44
S7-200 cung c)p vng nh3 ring cho cc b, &Fnh thZi, cc b, &Fnh thZi
&1Bc s0 dOng cho cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n cJn tr hon thZi gian. Gi trF thZi
gian sj &1Bc &Am tRng dJn theo 3 &, phn gi@i l 1ms, 10ms v 100ms.
M t8 CPU 221 CPU 222 CPU 224 CPU 224XP CPU226
Kch th13c ch14ng
trnh ng1Zi dng
4 KB 4 KB 8 KB 12 KB 16 KB
Kch th13c d7 liu 2 KB 2 KB 8 KB 10 KB 10 KB
Vng &m vo s/ I0.0 I15.7 I0.0 I15.7 I0.0 I15.7 I0.0 I15.7 I0.0 I15.7
Vng &m ra s/ Q0.0 ...Q15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7 Q0.0 ...Q15.7
Ng vo analog AIW0 ..AIW30 AIW0 ..AIW30 AIW0 ..AIW62 AIW0 ..AIW62 AIW0 ..AIW62
Ng ra analog AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW30 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62 AQW0AQW62
Vng nh3 biAn (V) VB0VB2047 VB0VB2047 VB0VB8191 VB0VB10239 VB0VB10239
Vng nh3 cOc b,
(L)
LB0LB63 LB0LB63 LB0LB63 LB0LB63 LB0LB63
Vng nh3 bit (M) M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7 M0.0M31.7
Vng nh3 &>c bit
ChH &]c (SM)
SM0.0SM179.7
SM0.0SM29.7
SM0.0SM299.7
SM0.0SM29.7
SM0.0SM549.7
SM0.0SM29.7
SM0.0SM549.7
SM0.0SM29.7
SM0.0SM549.7
SM0.0SM29.7
Timer
Retentive on-delay
1ms
10ms
.
100ms
.
On/Off delay 1ms
10ms
.
100ms
.
256 (T0T255)

T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
256 (T0T255)

T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
256 (T0T255)

T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
256 (T0T255)

T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
256 (T0T255)

T0, T64
T1T4, v
T65T68
T5T31, v
T69T95
T32, T96
T33 T36, v
T97 T100
T37 T63, v
T101 T255
Counter C0 C255 C0 C255 C0 C255 C0 C255 C0 C255
B, &Am t/c &, cao HC0 HC5 HC0 HC5 HC0 HC5 HC0 HC5 HC0 HC5
Bit &i$u khi'n trnh
t6 (S)
S0.0 S31.7 S0.0 S31.7 S0.0 S31.7 S0.0 S31.7 S0.0 S31.7
Thanh ghi Accu AC0 AC3 AC0 AC3 AC0 AC3 AC0 AC3 AC0 AC3
Jumps/Labels 0 255 0 255 0 255 0 255 0 255
Call/Subroutine 0 63 0 63 0 63 0 63 0 127
Interrupt routines 0 127 0 127 0 127 0 127 0 127
nh3 s1Zn xung
(positive/negative)
256 256 256 256 256
PID loops 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
Port Port 0 Port 0 Port 0 Port 0, Port 1 Port 0, Port 1
B>ng 4.3: Cc vng nh9 v #Tc #i+m cCa CPU S7-200.
* Vng nh9 b$ #8m C:
C 3 lo.i b, &Am l b, &Am ln, b, &Am xu/ng v b, &An ln-xu/ng. Cc
b, &An sj tRng ho>c gi@m gi trF hin hnh khi tn hiu t.i ng vo thay &Ki
tr.ng thi tU m?c th)p ln m?c cao.

45
* Vng nh9 b$ #8m t-c #$ cao HC (High speed Counter):
Cc b, &Am t/c &, cao &1Bc s0 dOng &' &Am cc s6 kin t/c &, cao &,c
lQp v3i vng qut c;a CPU. Gi trF &Am l s/ nguyn 32 bit c d)u. D' truy
xu)t gi trF &Am c;a cc b, &Am t/c &, cao cJn xc &Fnh &Fa chH c;a b, &Am
t/c &, cao, s; dOng vng nh3 HC v s/ c;a b, &Am, v dO HC0. Gi trF &Am
hin hnh c;a cc b, &Am t/c &, cao l cc gi trF chH &]c v truy xu)t theo
double word.
* Cc thanh ghi AC (Accumulators):
Cc thanh ghi AC l cc phJn t0 &]c/ghi m c th' &1Bc dng &' truy
xu)t gi/ng nh1 b, nh3. Chpng h.n, c th' s0 dOng cc thanh ghi &' truy xu)t
cc thng s/ tU cc ch14ng trnh con (Subroutine) v l1u tr7 cc gi trF trung
gian &' s0 dOng cho tnh ton. Cc CPU S7-200 c 4 thanh ghi l AC0, AC1,
AC2 v AC3. Chng ta c th' truy xu)t d7 liu trong cc thanh ghi ny theo
Byte, Word, v Doubleword.
* Vng nh9 #Tc bi't SM (Special Memory):
Cc bit SM l cc phJn t0 cho php truy$n thng tin gi7a CPU v
ch14ng trnh ng1Zi dng. C th' s0 dOng cc bit ny &' ch]n l6a v &i$u
khi'n m,t s/ ch?c nRng &>c bit c;a CPU, chpng h.n nh1 bit ln m?c 1 trong
vng qut &Ju tin, cc bit pht ra cc xung c tJn s/ 1HzChng ta truy
xu)t vng nh3 SM theo bit, byte, word, doubleword.
* Vng nh9 c)c b$ L (Local Memory Area):
Vng nh3 ny c &, l3n 64 Byte, trong & 60 byte c th' &1Bc dng nh1
vng nh3 cOc b, hay chuy'n cc thng s/ t3i cc ch14ng trnh con, 4 byte
cu/i dng cho h th/ng. Vng nh3 ny t14ng t6 nh1 vng nh3 biAn V chH
khc E chW cc biAn vng nh3 V cho php s0 dOng E t)t c@ cc kh/i ch14ng
trnh cn vng nh3 L chH c tc dOng trong ph.m vi so.n th@o c;a m,t kh/i
ch14ng trnh m thi. VF tr biAn thu,c vng nh3 L trong ch14ng trnh chnh
th khng th' s0 dOng E ch14ng trnh con v ng1Bc l.i.
* Vng nh9 ng vo t!:ng t AI (Analog Inputs):
Cc PLC S7-200 chuy'n gi trF m,t t14ng t6 (chpng h.n &in p hay
nhit &,) thnh gi trF s/ v ch?a vo m,t vng nh3 16 bit. BEi v cc gi trF
t14ng t6 chiAm m,t vng nh3 word nn chng lun lun c cc gi trF word
chSn, chpng h.n nh1 AIW0, AIW2, AIW4..v l cc gi trF chH &]c.
* Vng nh9 ng ra t!:ng t AQ (Analog Outputs):
Cc PLC S7-200 chuy'n m,t gi trF s/ 16 bit sang gi trF &in p ho>c
dng &in, t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF s/ (digital). Gi/ng nh1 cc ng vo t14ng t6
chng ta chH c th' truy xu)t cc ng ra t14ng t6 theo word. V l cc gi trF
word chSn, chpng h.n nh1 AQW0, AQW2, AQW4.


46

4.4 Qui #Ic />a chO trong PLC S7-200
4.4.1 Truy xu4t theo bit
D' truy xu)t &Fa chH theo d.ng Bit chng ta xc &Fnh vng nh3, &Fa chH
c;a Byte v &Fa chH c;a Bit.
V dO:

Trong hnh 4.7 l b@n &= vng nh3 c;a b, &m d7 liu ng vo I
(Process Image Input). B@n &= c;a cc vng nh3 khc cang c c)u trc t14ng
t6 nh1 vQy. Bit th)p nh)t l bit 0 n9m bn ph@i v bit cao nh)t l bit 7 n9m bn
tri. Do & chng ta hon ton c th' khai bo t14ng t6 nh1 v dO trn, chpng
h.n nh1: Q1.0, V5.2, M0.1Dung l1Bng c;a cc vng nh3 phO thu,c vo lo.i
CPU m chng ta s0 dOng.
4.4.2 Truy xu4t theo byte (8 bit)
Khi truy xu)t d7 liu theo byte, chng ta xc &Fnh vng nh3, v th? t6 c;a
byte cJn truy xu)t.
V dO:

T14ng t6 nh1 v dO ta khai bo cho cc vng nh3 khc, chpng h.n nh1
IB3, MB2, QB5..
4.4.3 Truy xu4t theo word (16 bit)
D/i v3i truy xu)t vng nh3 theo d.ng word chng ta cang cJn xc &Fnh
vng nh3 cJn truy xu)t, khai bo d.ng word v &Fa chH c;a word trong vng
nh3. MWi m,t vng nh3 d.ng word sj g=m 2 byte v &1Bc g]i l byte th)p v
byte cao.
V dO:

Ch :
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3

Bit
Hnh 4.7: Vng nh9 ng vo I


47
- D/i v3i tn hiu t14ng t6 (Analog) th chng ta chH c m,t d.ng truy
xu)t duy nh)t l truy xu)t theo word. Di$u ny l do mWi tn hiu t14ng
t6 sj ?ng v3i m,t gi trF s/ nguyn 16 bit. V dO: AIW0, AIW2,
AQW0
- Khi truy xu)t &Fa chH theo word th hai word li$n k$ nhau bCt bu,c cch
nhau 2 byte. V dO ta cJn ch?a 2 d7 liu d.ng s/ interger vo vng
biAn V, th d7 liu th? nh)t gi@ s0 ch?a vo VW20 th word kA tiAp l1u
d7 liu th? hai l VW22.
4.4.4 Truy xu4t theo 2 word (Double word = 32 bit)
Khi truy xu)t vng nh3 32 bit, t14ng ?ng v3i 4 byte. Trong & g=m c
word th)p, word cao v byte th)p, byte cao.
V dO: VD100

B@ng tm tCt vic truy xu)t cc vng nh3 theo bit, byte, word v double
word &1Bc cho E b@ng 4.4.
Cch truy xu4t CPU 221 CPU 222 CPU 224 CPU 224XP CPU 226
Truy xu)t Bit (byte.bit) I
Q
V
M
SM
S
T
C
L
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 2047.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 165.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 2047.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 299.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 8191.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 10239.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 15.7
0.0 ... 10239.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0.0 ... 549.7
0.0 ... 31.7
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0.0 ... 63.7
Truy xu)t Byte IB
QB
VB
MB
SMB
SB
LB
AC
KB (Constant)
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 2047
0 ... 31
0 ... 165
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 2047
0 ... 31
0 ... 299
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 8191
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 3
KB (Constant)
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 10239
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 255
KB (Constant)
0 ... 15
0 ... 15
0 ... 10239
0 ... 31
0 ... 549
0 ... 31
0 ... 63
0 ... 255
KB (Constant)
Truy xu)t Word IW
QW
VW
MW
SMW
SW
T
C
LW
AC
AIW
AQW
KW (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 2046
0 ... 30
0 ... 164
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 30
0 ... 30
KW (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 2046
0 ... 30
0 ... 298
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 30
0 ... 30
KW (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 8190
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 10238
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
0 ... 14
0 ... 14
0 ... 10238
0 ... 30
0 ... 548
0 ... 30
0 ... 255
0 ... 255
0 ... 62
0 ... 3
0 ... 62
0 ... 62
KW (Constant)
T. xu)t Double word ID
QD
VD
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 2044
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 2044
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 8188
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 10236
0 ... 12
0 ... 12
0 ... 10236

48
MD
SMD
SD
LD
AC
HC
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 162
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 296
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
0 ... 28
0 ... 546
0 ... 28
0 ... 60
0 ... 3
0 ... 5
KD (Constant)
B>ng 4.4: Truy xu7t cc vng nh9 theo #Ua chW bit, byte, word, double word.
Tm l.i, v$ c4 b@n chng ta c b/n d.ng truy xu)t d7 liu nh1 trn.
Trong mWi yu cJu &i$u khi'n cO th' chng ta sj ch]n truy xu)t theo d.ng
no.
- Ki'm tra tr.ng thi c;a cc tn hiu &1Bc t.o ra tU cc ngo.i vi n/i v3i
ng vo s/ nh1 nt nh)n, c@m biAn, cng tCc hnh trnh th sj ch]n
truy xu)t l bit, trong tr1Zng hBp ny th ch]n &Fa chH ng vo t14ng
?ng &1Bc kAt n/i v dO nh1 I0.0, I0.5, I1.1
- Xu)t tn hiu ra cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nhQn tn hiu nhF phn nh1
relay, &n bo, van tU th sj ch]n truy xu)t l bit, trong tr1Zng hBp
ny th ch]n &Fa chH ng ra t14ng ?ng &1Bc kAt n/i v dO nh1 Q0.0,
Q0.2, Q1.0
- NhQn tn hiu tU cc c@m biAn t.o ra tn hiu analog nh1 c@m biAn
nhit &,, p su)t, &, [m th s0 dOng &Fa chH word, v dO: AIW0,
AIW2, AIW4
- Xu)t tn hiu analog ra cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nhQn tn hiu analog
nh1 ng vo analog biAn tJn, van tH l th s0 dOng &Fa chH word, v
dO: AQW0, AQW2, AQW4
- Trong qu trnh th6c hin ch14ng trnh cJn l1u tr7 thng tin E d.ng
s/ 16 bit nh1 &Am s/ s@n ph[m (s/ nguyn 16 bit) th truy cQp &Fa chH
word, cn E d.ng 32 bit nh1 nhit &,, p su)t (s/ th6c) th truy cQp
&Fa chH double word
4.5 XH l ch#6ng trnh
S7-200 th6c hin &]c v ghi d7 liu theo logic &i$u khi'n trong ch14ng
trnh lin tOc theo chu k`.
Ho.t &,ng c;a S7-200 r)t &4n gi@n:
- D]c tr.ng thi cc ng vo
- S7-200 s0 dOng cc ng vo ny &' th6c hin logic &i$u khi'n
theo ch14ng trnh &1Bc l1u tr7 trong n. D7 liu lun &1Bc cQp
nhQt khi ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hin.
- Xu)t d7 liu ra ng ra.
Hnh 4.8 l m,t s4 &= &4n gi@n chH m/i quan h gi7a s4 &= &in v PLC
S7-200. Cc nt nh)n khEi &,ng/dUng &,ng c4 &1Bc kAt n/i v3i ng vo.
Tr.ng thi c;a cc ng vo ty thu,c vo nt nh)n. Cc tr.ng thi c;a ng
vo sj quyAt &Fnh tr.ng thi c;a ng ra. Ng ra &1Bc kAt n/i v3i contactor.

49
Ty theo tr.ng thi c;a ng ra m contactor c &in hay m)t &in v t14ng
?ng &,ng c4 sj ho.t &,ng hay dUng.

Hnh 4.8: Yi/u khi+n ng vo v ra Hnh 4.9: Chu kS qut S7-200
* Chu kQ qut trong S7-200
S7-200 th6c hin m,t lo.t cc nhim vO theo chu k`. Vic th6c hin
cc nhim vO theo chu k` &1Bc g]i l chu k` qut (scan cycle). Hnh 4.9 l v
dO m,t chu k` qut. S7-200 th6c hin cc nhim vO sau trong m,t chu k`
qut:
- 3Tc ng vo: S7-200 sao chp tr.ng thi c;a cc ng vo vQt l vo
b, &m ng vo.
Digital inputs: MIi chu kS qut bEt #6u bPng cch #3c gi trU hi'n hnh
cc ng vo s- v sau # ghi cc gi trU ny vo vng #'m ng vo.
Analog inputs: S7-200 khng c1p nh1t cc ng vo analog tM cc
module mH r$ng n8u l chu kS qut bnh th!Kng trM khi c kch ho@t
khu l3c cc ng vo analog (xem ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog). B$
l3c analog #!Ac cung c7p cho php ta c m$t tn hi'u Zn #Unh h:n. C
th+ cho php b$ analog H mIi #i+m ng vo analog. Khi m$t ng vo
analog #!Ac kch ho@t H b$ l3c, S7-200 c1p nh1t ng vo analog mIi
m$t l6n trong chu kS qut v l!u trQ gi trU l3c. Gi trU l3c #!Ac cung
c7p mIi khi truy c1p ng vo analog. Khi b$ l3c analog khng #!Ac
kch ho@t, S7-200 #3c gi trU ng vo analog tM module mH r$ng mIi
l6n ch!:ng trnh truy xu7t ng vo analog.
- ThLc hiKn theo logic 'i(u khi*n trong ch7:ng trnh: S7-200 th6c
hin cc lnh trong ch14ng trnh v l1u gi trF vo vng nh3.
Khi thc hi'n chu kS qut, S7-200 thi hnh tM l'nh #6u tin cho #8n
l'nh cu-i cng. Cc l'nh truy c1p I/O tGc th cho php ta truy xu7t
ngay l1p tGc cc ng vo v ng ra khi thc hi'n ch!:ng trnh c4ng
nh! ch!:ng trnh ngEt (interrupt routine).
N8u c s[ d)ng cc ngEt trong ch!:ng trnh (ch!:ng trnh ngEt #!Ac
g3i bHi cc yu c6u ngEt) th n khng #!Ac thc hi'n H chu kS qut

50
bnh th!Kng. N #!Ac thc hi'n khi c s ki'n ngEt (c th+ x>y ra t@i
b7t kS thKi #i+m no trong chu kS qut).
- XJ l bWt kX yu cYu truy(n thng no: S7-200 thi hnh b)t k`
nhim vO &1Bc yu cJu cho truy$n thng.
Trong giai #o@n x[ l thng tin cCa chu kS qut, S7-200 x[ l b7t kS
thng tin no nh1n #!Ac tM cZng truy/n thng hoTc tM cc module
truy/n thng (intelligent I/O module).
- ThLc hiKn tL chZn 'on CPU: S7-200 t6 ki'm tra &' &@m b@o phJn
firmware, b, nh3 ch14ng trnh, v b)t k` cc moule mE r,ng no
cang &ang lm vic &ng.
Trong giai #o@n ny, S7-200 ki+m tra cho ho@t #$ng thch hAp cCa
CPU v tr@ng thi cCa b7t kS module mH r$ng no.
- XuWt ra ng ra: Cc gi trF &1Bc l1u trong vng &m ng ra sj &1Bc
xu)t ra cc ng ra vQt l.
T@i cu-i mIi chu kS, S7-200 xu7t cc gi trU #!Ac l!u trong b$ #'m
ng ra #8n cc ng ra s-. (Cc ng ra analog th #!Ac c1p nh1t ngay
l1p tGc, khng ph) thu$c vo chu kS qut).
Vic th6c hin ch14ng trnh cn ty thu,c vo S7-200 &ang E chA &,
STOP hay chA &, RUN. m chA &, RUN th ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hin; cn
E chA &, STOP th ch14ng trnh khng &1Bc th6c hin.

Chu Ch "c 5 K%t n)i dy gi+a PLC v thi%t b- ngo0i vi
51
5 KST NVI DY GIXA PLC V THIST BZ
NGO\I VI
5.1 K:t n;i dy gi<a PLC v cc thi:t b> ngo7i vi
Vic kAt n/i dy gi7a PLC v3i ngo.i vi r)t quan tr]ng. N quyAt &Fnh &An
vic PLC c th' giao tiAp &1Bc v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh (my tnh) cang nh1 h
th/ng &i$u khi'n c th' ho.t &,ng &ng theo yu cJu &1Bc thiAt kA hay
khng. Ngoi ra vic n/i dy cn lin quan &An an ton cho PLC cang nh1 h
th/ng &i$u khi'n.
5.1.1 GiIi thiGu CPU 224 v cch k:t n;i vIi thi:t b> ngo7i vi
S4 &= b$ m>t c;a b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh S7-200 CPU 224 &1Bc cho nh1
hnh 5.1.

Hnh 5.1: B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh S7-200 CPU 224
D' cho b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh ny ho.t &,ng &1Bc th ng1Zi s0 dOng
ph@i kAt n/i PLC v3i ngu=n cung c)p v cc ng vo ra c;a n v3i thiAt bF
ngo.i vi. Mu/n n.p ch14ng trnh vo CPU, ng1Zi s0 dOng ph@i so.n th@o
ch14ng trnh b9ng cc thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh v3i phJn m$m t14ng
?ng cho lo.i PLC &ang s0 dOng v c th' n.p tr6c tiAp vo CPU ho>c copy
ch14ng trnh vo card nh3 &' cCm vo rnh cCm card nh3 trn CPU c;a
PLC. Thng th1Zng khi lQp trnh cang nh1 khi ki'm tra ho.t &,ng c;a PLC th
ng1Zi lQp trnh th1Zng kAt n/i tr6c tiAp thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh c nhn
5 K8t n-i dy giQa PLC v thi8t bU ngo@i vi Chu Ch YGc
52
v3i PLC. Nh1 vQy, &' h th/ng &i$u khi'n khi'n b9ng PLC ho.t &,ng cang
nh1 lQp trnh cho n, cJn ph@i kAt n/i PLC v3i my tnh cang nh1 cc ng vo
ra v3i ngo.i vi.
5.1.2 K:t n;i vIi my tnh
D/i v3i cc thiAt bF lQp trnh c;a hng Siemens c cc cKng giao tiAp PPI
th c th' kAt n/i tr6c tiAp v3i PLC thng qua m,t sBi cp. Tuy nhin &/i v3i
my tnh c nhn cJn thiAt ph@i c cp chuy'n &Ki PC/PPI. C 2 lo.i cp
chuy'n &Ki l cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master v cp USB/PPI Multi-Master.
* Cp RS-232/PPI multi-master:
Hnh dng c;a cp v cng tCc ch]n chA &, truy$n &1Bc cho E hnh 5.2.
Hnh 5.2: Hnh dng cp RS-232/PPI v cc chuy+n m@ch trn cp.
Ty theo t/c &, truy$n gi7a my tnh v CPU m cc cng tCc 1,2,3
&1Bc &' E vF tr thch hBp. Thng th1Zng &/i v3i CPU 22x th t/c &, truy$n
th1Zng &>t l 9,6 KBaud (t?c cng tCc 123 &1Bc &>t theo th? t6 l 010).
Ty theo truy$n thng l 10 Bit hay 11 Bit m cng tCc 7 &1Bc &>t E vF tr
thch hBp. Khi kAt n/i bnh th1Zng v3i my tnh th cng tCc 7 ch]n E chA &,
truy$n thng 11 Bit (cng tCc 7 &>t E vF tr 0).
Cng tCc 6 E cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master &1Bc s0 dOng &' kAt n/i port
truy$n thng RS-232 c;a m,t modem v3i S7-200 CPU. Khi kAt n/i bnh
th1Zng v3i my tnh th cng tCc 6 &1Bc &>t E vF tr data Comunications
Equipment (DCE) (cng tCc 6 E vF tr 0). Khi kAt n/i cp PC/PPI v3i m,t
53
modem th port RS-232 c;a cp PC/PPI &1Bc &>t E vF tr Data Terminal
Equipment (DTE) (cng tCc 6 E vF tr 1).
Cng tCc 5 &1Bc s0 dOng &' &>t cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master thay thA
cp PC/PPI ho>c ho.t &,ng E chA &, Freeport th &>t E chA &, PPI/Freeport
(cng tCc 5 E vF tr 0). NAu kAt n/i bnh th1Zng l PPI (master) v3i phJn m$m
STEP 7 Micro/Win 3.2 SP4 ho>c cao h4n th &>t E chA &, PPI (cng tCc 5 E vF
tr 1).
S4 &= n/i cp RS-232/PPI Multi-Master gi7a my tnh v CPU S7-200
v3i t/c &, truy$n 9,6 Kbaud &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.3.

Hnh 5.3: K8t n-i my tnh v9i CPU S7-200 RS-232/PPI Multi-Master
* Cp USB/PPI multi-master:
Hnh dng c;a cp &1Bc cho E hnh 5.4.

Hnh 5.4: Hnh dng cp USB/PPI.
Cch th?c kAt n/i cp USB/PPI Multi-Master cang t14ng t6 nh1 cp RS-
232/PPI Multi-Master. D' s0 dOng cp ny, phJn m$m cJn ph@i l STEP 7-
54
Micro/WIN 3.2 Service Pack 4 (ho>c cao h4n). Cp chH c th' &1Bc s0 dOng
v3i lo.i CPU22x ho>c sau ny. Cp USB khng &1Bc hW trB truy$n thng
Freeport v download c)u hnh mn TP070 tU phJn m$m TP Designer.
5.1.3 N;i nguAn cung c4p cho CPU
Ty theo lo.i v h] PLC m cc CPU c th' l kh/i ring ho>c c &>t sSn
cc ng vo v ra cang nh1 m,t s/ ch?c nRng &>c bit khc. HJu hAt cc
PLC h] S7-200 &1Bc nh s@n xu)t lCp &>t cc khu vo, khu ra v CPU
trong cng m,t vP h,p. Nh1ng ngu=n cung c)p cho cc khu ny hon ton
&,c lQp nhau. Ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU c;a h] S7-200 c th' l:
Xoay chi$u: 20...29 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz;
85...264 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz
M,t chi$u: 20,4 ... 28,8 VDC
Hnh 5.5 a,b l s4 &= n/i dy ngu=n cung c)p cho CPU

a. C)p ngu=n cho CPU 2xx lo.i DC/DC/DC; b. C)p ngu=n cho CPU 2xx lo.i AC/DC/RLY
Hnh 5.5: N-i nguDn cung c7p cho CPU
D' c th' nhQn biAt vic c)p ngu=n cho CPU, kh/i vo, kh/i ra s/ ta cRn
c? vo cc ch7 s/ &i km theo CPU. Cc m s/ km theo CPU 2xx c th' c
nh1 sau:
CPU 2xx DC/DC/DC: Ngu=n c)p cho CPU l DC, ngu=n cho ng vo
l DC, ngu=n c)p cho ng ra l DC.
CPU 2xx AC/DC/Relay: Ngu=n c)p cho CPU l AC, ngu=n cho ng
vo l DC, ng ra l Relay c th' c)p ngu=n l DC ho>c AC.
5.1.4 K:t n;i vo/ra s; vIi ngo7i vi
55
Cc ng vo, ra c;a PLC cJn thiAt &' &i$u khi'n v gim st qu trnh
&i$u khi'n. Cc ng vo v ra c th' &1Bc phn thnh 2 lo.i c4 b@n: s/
(Digital) v t14ng t6 (analog). HJu hAt cc ?ng dOng s0 dOng cc ng vo/ra
s/. Trong bi ny chH &$ cQp &An vic kAt n/i cc ng vo/ra s/ v3i ngo.i vi,
cn &/i v3i ng vo/ra t!:ng t sR trnh by H ch!:ng x[ l tn hi'u analog.
D/i v3i b, &i$u khi'n lQp trnh h] S7-200, hng Siemens & &1a ra r)t
nhi$u lo.i CPU v3i &in p cung c)p cho cc ng vo ra khc nhau. Ty thu,c
tUng lo.i CPU m ta c th' n/i dy khc nhau. Vic th6c hin n/i dy cho
CPU c th' tra c?u sK tay km theo c;a hng s@n xu)t.
5.1.4.1 K:t n;i cc ng vo s; vIi ngo7i vi
Cc ng vo s/ c;a PLC c th' &1Bc chA t.o l m,t kh/i ring, ho>c kAt
hBp v3i cc ng ra chung trong m,t kh/i ho>c &1Bc tch hBp trn kh/i CPU.
Trong tr1Zng hBp no cang vQy, cc ng vo cang ph@i &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n
ring v3i c)p &in p ty thu,c vo lo.i ng vo. CJn l1u trong m,t kh/i ng
vo cang nh1 cc ng vo &1Bc tch hBp sSn trn CPU c th' c cc nhm
&1Bc cung c)p ngu=n &,c lQp nhau. V vQy cJn l1u khi c)p ngu=n cho cc
nhm ny. Ngu=n cung c)p cho cc kh/i vo c;a h] S7-200 c th' l:
Xoay chi$u: 15...35 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA
79...135 VAC, f = 47...63 Hz; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA
M,t chi$u: 15 ... 30 VDC; dng cJn thiAt nhP nh)t 4mA
S4 &= m.ch &in bn trong c;a m,t s/ ng vo &1Bc cho nh1 hnh
5.6a,b.

a) b)
Hnh 5.6: a) M@ch #i'n cCa 1 ng vo s- s[ d)ng nguDn cung c7p DC
b) M@ch #i'n cCa 1 ng vo s- s[ d)ng nguDn cung c7p AC
Ty theo yu cJu m c th' quyAt &Fnh s0 dOng lo.i ng vo no.
+ Ng vo DC: - Din p DC th1Zng th)p do & an ton h4n.
- Dp ?ng ng vo DC r)t nhanh.
- Din p DC c th' &1Bc kAt n/i v3i nhi$u phJn t0 trong h
th/ng &in.
56
+ Ng vo AC: - Ng vo AC yu cJu cJn ph@i c thZi gian. V dO &/i v3i
&in p c tJn s/ 50 Hz ph@i yu cJu thZi gian &An 1/50
giy m3i nhQn biAt &1Bc.
- Tn hiu AC t bF nhi\u h4n tn hiu DC, v vQy chng thch
hBp v3i kho@ng cch l3n v mi tr1Zng nhi\u (tU).
- Ngu=n AC kinh tA h4n.
- Tn hiu AC th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong cc thiAt bF t6
&,ng hin h7u.
D/i v3i cc ng vo s/, khi kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi, ngo.i trU cc tr1Zng hBp
&>c bit th thng th1Zng mWi m,t ng vo &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t b, t.o tn
hiu nhF phn nh1: nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn tiAp cQn .... Hnh 5.7a,b,c
minh h]a cch kAt n/i dy cc ng vo PLC v3i cc b, t.o tn hiu nhF phn
khc nhau.
CJn l1u &An cc lo.i c@m biAn khi kAt n/i v3i cc ng vo PLC (xem l@i
ch!:ng 3: c>m bi8n v c: c7u ch7p hnh trong #i/u khi+n logic).
Trong v dO hnh 5.7a c 3 ng vo, m,t l nt nh)n th1Zng hE, hai l
tiAp &i'm c;a relay nhit, v ba l c@m biAn tiAp cQn v3i ng ra l relay. C@ ba
b, t.o tn hiu ny &1Bc cung c)p bEi m,t ngu=n 24VDC. Khi tiAp &i'm hE
ho>c c@m biAn pht tn hiu 0 th khng c &in p t.i cc ng vo. NAu cc
tiAp &i'm &1Bc &ng l.i ho>c c@m biAn pht tn hiu 1 th ng vo &1Bc c)p
&in.
DC 24V
INPUTS
S
e
n
s
o
r
V+
V-
M
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
24 V

DC 24V
INPUTS
M
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
24 V
P
N
P
S
e
n
s
o
r
V+
V-
PNP

DC 24V
INPUTS
L
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
24 V
N
P
N
S
e
n
s
o
r
V+
V-
NPN

a) b) c)
Hnh 5.7: K8t n-i ng vo v9i ngo@i vi.
a. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n c ng ra l relay n-i v9i ng vo lo@i
sinking.
b. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n lo@i PNP n-i v9i ng vo lo@i sinking.
c. Nt nh7n v c>m bi8n lo@i NPN n-i v9i ng vo lo@i sourcing.
57
D/i v3i cc ng vo ra c;a CPU 214 DC/DC/DC, CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay
theo sK tay &1Bc kAt n/i nh1 hnh 5.10 v hnh 5.11.
5.1.4.2 K:t n;i cc ng ra s; vIi ngo7i vi
Cc ng ra c;a PLC c th' &1Bc chA t.o l m,t kh/i ring, ho>c kAt hBp
v3i cc ng ra chung trong m,t kh/i ho>c &1Bc tch hBp trn kh/i CPU.
Trong tr1Zng hBp no cang vQy, cc ng ra cang ph@i &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n
ring v3i c)p &in p ty thu,c vo lo.i ng ra. CJn l1u trong m,t kh/i ra
cang nh1 cc ng ra &1Bc tch hBp sSn trn CPU c th' c cc nhm &1Bc
cung c)p ngu=n &,c lQp nhau. V vQy cJn l1u khi c)p ngu=n cho cc nhm
ny. Ngu=n cung c)p cho cc kh/i ra c;a h] S7-200 c th' l:
Xoay chi$u: 20...264 VAC , f = 47...63 Hz;
M,t chi$u: 5...30 VDC &/i v3i ng ra r4 le; 20.4 ... 28.8 VDC &/i
v3i ng ra transistor;
Cc kh/i ra tiu chu[n c;a PLC th1Zng c 8 &An 32 ng ra theo cng lo.i
v c dng &Fnh m?c khc nhau. Ng ra c th' l r4 le, transistor ho>c triac.
R4 le l ng ra linh ho.t nh)t. Chng c th' l ng ra AC v DC. Tuy nhin
&p ?ng c;a ng ra r4 le chQm, gi thnh cao v bF h1 hPng sau vi triu lJn
&ng cCt. Cn ng ra transistor th chH s0 dOng v3i ngu=n cung c)p l DC v
ng ra triac th chH s0 dOng &1Bc v3i ngu=n AC. Tuy nhin &p ?ng c;a cc
ng ra ny nhanh h4n.
S4 &= m.ch &in bn trong c;a cc ng ra &1Bc cho nh1 hnh 5.8.
CJn ch khi thiAt kA h th/ng c c@ hai lo.i ng ra AC v DC. NAu
ngu=n AC n/i vo ng ra DC l transistor, th chH c bn k` d14ng c;a chu k`
&in p &1Bc s0 dOng v do & &in p ra sj bF gi@m. NAu ngu=n DC &1Bc
n/i v3i ng ra AC l triac th khi c tn hiu cho ng ra, n sj lun lun c &in
cho d c &i$u khi'n tCt b9ng PLC.

58

Hnh 5.8: M@ch #i'n bn trong cCa cc lo@i ng ra khc nhau.
a) Ng ra transistor ; b) Ng ra relay ; c) Ng ra triac
D/i v3i cc ng ra s/, khi kAt n/i v3i ngo.i vi, ngo.i trU cc tr1Zng hBp
&>c bit th thng th1Zng mWi m,t ng ra &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t &/i t1Bng &i$u
khi'n nhQn tn hiu nhF phn nh1: &n bo, cu,n dy r4 le, chung bo . . ..
Hnh 5.9 minh h]a cch kAt n/i dy cc ng ra PLC v3i cc c4 c)u ch)p
hnh. Hnh 5.9a l m,t v dO cho cc kh/i ra s0 dOng 24Vdc v3i mass chung.
Tiu bi'u cho lo.i ny l ng ra transistor. Trong v dO ny cc ng ra &1Bc
kAt n/i v3i t@i cng su)t nhP l &n bo v cu,n dy relay. Quan st m.ch kAt
n/i ny, &n bo s0 dOng ngu=n cung c)p l 24Vdc. NAu ng ra .6 E m?c
logic 1 (24Vdc) th dng sj ch@y tU ng ra .6 qua &n H1 v xu/ng Mass
(M), &n sng. NAu ng ra E m?c logic 0 (0V), th &n H1 tCt. NAu ng ra .4
E m?c logic 1 th cu,n dy r4 le c &in, lm tiAp &i'm c;a n &ng l.i cung
c)p &in 220 Vac cho &,ng c4.
Hnh 5.9b l m,t v dO ng ra relay s0 dOng ngu=n c)p l 24 Vdc, v hnh
5.9c l v dO ng ra triac s0 dOng ngu=n xoay chi$u 24 Vac.
M,t ch quan tr]ng khi kAt n/i cc ng ra cJn tra c?u sK tay kh/i ng ra
hin c &' c &1Bc thng tin chnh xc trnh &1Bc nh7ng s6 c/ &ng tiAc x@y
ra. Hnh 5.10 l v dO c;a CPU 214 v3i ngu=n cung c)p DC, ng vo DC v
ng ra DC &1Bc n/i dy v3i ngo.i vi ( trch tU sK tay S7-200 Programmable
Controller System Manual). Ta nhQn th)y mWi m,t nhm ng vo cang nh1
m,t nhm ng ra v CPU &1Bc cung c)p ngu=n ring l 24 Vdc. Ngoi ra trn
kh/i CPU cn c ngu=n phO 24 Vdc (&An 280 mA) c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &'
cung c)p cho cc c@m biAn ho>c kh/i mE r,ng.
59
L+
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
M
DC 24V
OUTPUTS
220V
M
~
K1
H1
24V

L
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
RELAY
OUTPUTS
220V
M
~
K1
H1
24V

L
.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
AC
OUTPUTS
220V
M
~
K1
H1
24V

a) b) c)
Hnh 5.9: K8t n-i dy ng ra PLC v9i c: c7u ch7p hnh

Hnh 5.10: S: #D n-i dy CPU 214 DC/DC/DC v9i nguDn v ngo@i vi
60

Hnh 5.11: S: #D n-i dy CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay v9i nguDn v ngo@i vi

5.2 Ki0m tra viGc k:t n;i dy bEng ph@n m,m
M,t cng vic quan tr]ng cho ng1Zi lCp &>t v vQn hnh l biAt &1Bc cc
kAt n/i c;a cc ng vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi c &ng hay khng tr13c khi n.p
ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n vo CPU. Ho>c khi m,t h th/ng &ang ho.t &,ng
bnh th1Zng nh1ng m,t s6 c/ h1 hPng x@y ra th cc phJn ngo.i vi no bF h1
v pht hin n b9ng cch no. Cc phJn m$m cho cc b, &i$u khi'n b9ng
PLC th1Zng c trang bF thm cng cO &' ki'm tra vic kAt n/i dy ng vo/ra
v3i ng]ai vi. Trong phJn m$m Step 7 Micro/Win (phJn m$m lQp trnh cho h]
S7-200) c trang bF thm phJn ny & l mOc Status Chart.
D' s0 dOng phJn m$m t/t h4n hy xem thm ch!:ng Ph6n m/m STEP
7-Micro/Win v ngn ngQ l1p trnh.
5.2.1 Status Chart
Chng ta c th' s0 dOng Status Chart &' &]c, ghi ho>c c1Lng b?c cc
biAn trong ch14ng trnh theo mong mu/n. D' c th' mE Status Chart, ta nh)p
&p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Status Chart trong c0a sK Navigation Bar
trn mn hnh Step 7-Micro/Win32 ho>c vo mOc View ] Component ]
Status Chart.
5.2.2 Gim st v thay /(i bi:n vIi Status Chart
61
Hnh 5.9 chH m,t v dO v$ cch s0 dOng Status Chart. D' &]c hay ghi cc
biAn chng ta th6c hin theo cc b13c sau:
B#2c 1: #$u tin trong c't Address ta nh*p vo #+a ch- hay tn k
hi0u c2a m't bi4n trong ch67ng trnh 8ng d:ng m mu;n
gim st ho<c #i>u khi?n, sau # @n ENTER. L<p lAi b6Bc
ny cho t@t cC cc bi4n #6Dc thm vo bi?u #E.
B!9c 2: NAu biAn l 1 Bit (v dO:I, Q, ho>c M), th ki'u biAn &>t E c,t Format
l bit. NAu biAn l m,t byte, word, hay double word th ch]n E c,t
Format v nh)p &p chu,t &' tm ki'u biAn mong mu/n.
B!9c 3: D' xem gi trF hin hnh c;a cc biAn trong PLC trong bi'u &=, hy
nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Chart Status.
D' chOp &1Bc m,t gi trF c;a cc biAn t.i thZi &i'm nh)p chu,t s0
dOng Debug ] Single Read ho>c nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng .
B!9c 4: D' dUng vic gim st th nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c
ch]n Debug ] Chart Status.
B!9c 5: D' thay &Ki gi trF c;a m,t biAn ho>c nhi$u biAn, hy nhQp gi trF
m3i vo c,t New Value cho cc biAn mong mu/n v nh)p chu,t
vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Write All &' ghi t)t c@
cc gi trF ny vo cc biAn t14ng ?ng trong CPU.
62

Hnh 5.13: V d) v/ status chart
5.2.3 C#^ng b"c bi:n vIi Status Chart
Trong m,t s/ tr1Zng hBp cJn thiAt ph@i p bu,c m,t ng vo ho>c m,t
ng ra ho>c b)t k` m,t biAn no & trong ch14ng trnh theo m,t gi trF mong
mu/n cho ph hBp v3i han c@nh h]at &,ng hin t.i c;a h th/ng ho>c &'
ki'm tra cc lWi x@y ra trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, ta c th' s0 dOng cng cO
c1Lng b?c biAn (Force).
D' c1Lng b?c biAn trong Status Chart v3i m,t gi trF xc &Fnh, th6c hin
cc b13c sau:
B!9c 1: Ch]n m,t trong c,t Address, vo &Fa chH hay hay tn c;a biAn cJn
c1Lng b?c.
B!9c 2: NAu biAn l 1 Bit (v dO:I0.0, Q0.1), th ki'u biAn E c,t Format lun
lun l bit. NAu biAn l m,t byte, word, hay double word th ch]n E
c,t Format v nh)p &p chu,t &' tm ki'u biAn mong mu/n.
B!9c 3: D' c1Lng b?c biAn v3i gi trF hin hnh, tr13c tin hy &]c gi trF
hin hnh trong PLC b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng
ho>c ch]n Debug ] Chart Status. .
GL bP t)t c@ gi trF
& c1Lng b?c
D]c gi trF bF c1Lng b?c
trong CPU
BP gi trF bF c1Lng b?c &1Bc ch]n
c1Lng b?c cc biAn &1Bc ch]n
Bo cho biAt biAn ny bF
c1Lng b?c
Bo cho biAt chH m,t phJn
c;a biAn ny bF c1Lng b?c
63
Nh)p ho>c cu,n ch?a gi trF hin hnh mu/n c1Lng b?c. Nh)p
chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Force E trn vF tr
gi trF hin hnh &' c1Lng b?c biAn gi trF &.
B!9c 4: D' c1Lng b?c m,t gi trF m3i cho m,t biAn, nhQp gi trF vo c,t
New Value v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug
] Force .
B!9c 5: D' xem gi trF hin hnh c;a t)t c@ cc biAn bF c1Lng b?c, kch
chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Read All Forced ho>c ch]n Debug ]
Read All Forced.
B!9c 6: D' cho t)t c@ cc biAn trE l.i tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng, hy kch chu,t
vo bi'u t1Bng Unforce All ho>c ch]n Debug ] Unforce All.
Mu/n gL bP c1Lng b?c m,t biAn, hy ch]n biAn mong mu/n v
nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ho>c ch]n Debug ] Unforce.
5.2.4 _ng d%ng Status Chart trong viGc ki0m tra k:t n;i dy trong S7-200
Sau khi kAt n/i dy ng]ai vi v3i cc ng vo/ra c;a PLC, vic kA tiAp l
ki'm tra l.i kAt n/i dy ny &' pht hin ra cc lWi kAt n/i. M,t cng cO h7u
hiu l s0 dOng Status Chart. L1u khi ki'm tra kAt n/i dy:
3,i vQi ng vo:
- Cc ng vo no &1Bc n/i v3i cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng hay tn hiu
c m?c logic 1 th cc ng vo c &in p v &n bo tr.ng thi cc
ng vo sng. Khi quan st trong status chart, ta sj nhQn th)y cc gi
trF ny c m?c logic 1.
- Vic ki'm tra cc ng vo nn th6c hin lJn l1Bt cho tUng ng vo
theo b@ng kAt n/i dy vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi. C nghâ l mWi lJn ta chH
thay &Ki tr.ng thi c;a m,t b, t.o tn hiu (nt nh)n, c@m biAn,...) v
quan st tr.ng thi c;a ng vo &1Bc kAt n/i v3i n trong status chart.
- Ghi chp l.i cc kAt n/i bF sai v s7a ch7a.
3,i vQi ng ra:
- m tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng khi ch1a c ch14ng trnh th t)t c@ cc ng
ra c;a PLC &$u E m?c logic 0 (khng c &in p) v &n bo tr.ng
thi cc ng ra &$u tCt.
- Vic ki'm tra n/i dy ng ra nn th6c hin lJn l1Bt tUng ng ra theo
b@ng kAt n/i dy b9ng cch cho ng ra mu/n ki'm tra ln m?c lodic
1 trong status chart v quan st tr.ng thi c;a ngo.i vi &1Bc kAt n/i
t14ng ?ng. NAu ngo.i vi t14ng ?ng c &in ch?ng tP n &1Bc kAt n/i
&ng cn ng1Bc l.i kAt n/i sai.
64
- Ghi chp l.i cc kAt n/i sai v s7a ch7a.
5.3 Cu hì v bi t2p
BT 5.1: Ng vo c;a PLC c th' &ng &in cho cu,n dy r4 le &' &i$u
khi'n m,t &,ng c4 &1Bc khng? Cc kh/i vo v kh/i ra &ng vai tr g trong
vic giao tiAp gi7a PLC v thiAt bF ng]ai vi?
BT 5.2: Cc kh/i mE r,ng ng vo/ra c lBi ch g?
BT 5.3: Di$u g x@y ra nAu m,t ng ra AC &1Bc c)p ngu=n DC?
BT 5.4: M,t kh/i vo/ra mE r,ng c;a PLC h] S7-200 lo.i EM223 g=m c 8
ng vo DC/8 ng ra r4le. Cc ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i 4 nt nh)n, 2 ng ra
&1Bc n/i v3i m,t r4le trung gian s0 dOng ngu=n 24VDC dng &' &ng m.ch
cho m,t contactor 220VAC &' &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 3 pha 220V/380V. 2 ng ra
&1Bc n/i v3i 2 &n bo 220VAC &' bo chi$u quay c;a &,ng c4. 2 ng ra
&1Bc s0 dOng cho cc van kh nn 24 VDC. Hy vj s4 &= n/i dy cc ng
vo v ra ny v3i ngo.i vi theo yu cJu.
BT 5.5: Hy thiAt kA m,t d6 n &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC. Tr13c khi &>t
hng, cJn ph@i phc th@o vic n/i dy c4 b@n v ch]n l6a cc lo.i PLC ho>c
kh/i vo/ra c cc ng vo/ra t14ng ?ng. Cc thiAt bF &1Bc s0 dOng &' n/i
v3i cc ng vo g=m c: 2 cng tCc hnh trnh, 1 nt nh)n th1Zng hE, 1 nt
nh)n th1Zng &ng v m,t tiAp &i'm nhit. Ng ra sj &i$u khi'n m,t van
solenoid 24VDC, m,t &n bo 110VAC v m,t &,ng c4 220VAC/50HP. Hy
l6a ch]n lo.i PLC ho>c m,t kh/i vo/ra ph hBp v kAt n/i dy theo yu cJu
&>t ra.
BT 5.6: Hy phc th@o s4 &= n/i dy cho cc ng ra PLC theo yu cJu
&1Bc lit k d13i &y:
- M,t van kh nn c 2 cu,n dy solenoid
- M,t &n bo 24VDC
- M,t &n bo 120 VAC
- M,t &,ng c4 cng su)t th)p 12 VDC.
Chu Ch YGc 6 Ph6n m/m Micro/Win v ngn ngQ l1p trnh

65
6 Ph@n m,m Micro/Win v ngn ng< l2p trnh
6.1 Ci /Kt ph@n m,m STEP 7-Micro/WIN
STEP 7-Micro/WIN l m,t phJn m$m lQp trnh cho h] PLC S7-200. Hin
phin b@n &ang &1Bc s0 dOng l STEP 7-Micro/Win V4.0 Service Pack 6.
6.1.1 Yu c@u hG /i,u hnh v ph@n c"ng
My tnh c nhn PC, mu/n ci &>t &1Bc phJn m$m STEP 7-micro/WIN
ph@i thPa mn nh7ng yu cJu sau &y:
- Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 ho>c cao h4n, Windows XP
Home, ho>c Windows XP Professional.
- C t nh)t 350 MB K &â c?ng cn tr/ng
- S0 dOng chA &, ci &>t font ch7 nhP &, phn gi@i mn hnh t/i thi'u l
1024x768 pixels.
NAu ch1a c cp &' kAt n/i my tnh v3i PLC S7-200 th ta vkn c th'
so.n th@o ch14ng trnh E chA &, offline v ki'm tra ho.t &,ng c;a ch14ng
trnh v3i m,t phJn m$m m phPng.
D' truy$n thng v3i S7-200, ta cJn m,t trong cc phJn c?ng sau:
- PC/PPI Cable kAt n/i CPU S7-200 v3i PC qua cKng USB
- PC/PPI Cable kAt n/i CPU S7-200 v3i PC qua cKng RS232
(COM1 ho>c COM2)
- CP card (Communications processor) v cp MPI (multipoint
interface).
- EM241 modem
- CP243-1 ho>c CP243-1 IT Ethernet
6.1.2 Ci /Kt ph@n m,m
Th6c hin theo cc b13c sau:
1. Dng t)t c@ cc ?ng dOng
2. Chn &â CD STEP 7-Micro/Win vo K &â CD-Rom. Ch14ng trnh
sj &1Bc t6 &,ng ci &>t. Ta cang c th' khEi &,ng ch14ng trnh
ci &>t b9ng cch nh)p &p chu,t vo file Setup.exe| trn CD.
6 Ph6n m/m Micro/Win v ngn ngQ l1p trnh Chu Ch YGc

66

3. Sau & sj nhQn &1Bc dJn dJn tUng b13c cc chH dkn thao tc tiAp
theo trn mn hnh v hon thnh cng vic ci &>t.
4. Khi ci &>t xong, h,p tho.i set PG/PC Interface t6 &,ng xu)t
hin. Kch Cancel &' kAt thc.
5. Ta cJn khEi &,ng l.i my &' hon t)t vic ci &>t.
Sau khi & ci &>t xong c th' bCt &Ju so.n th@o ch14ng trnh nhZ phJn
m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN b9ng cch nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STEP 7
MicroWIN trn mn hnh.
Ch : Khi ci &>t phin ph@n STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Sevice Pack 6 th
tr13c tin ta cJn ph@i uninstall phin b@n ca v sau & m3i ci &>t &1Bc phin
b@n ny. Sau khi download ta nh)p &p chu,t vo file STEP7-
MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe v th6c hin theo cc b13c sau:
B!9c 1: Uninstall phin b@n STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 b9ng cng cO
control panel trong Window (menu Start settingscontrol paneladd
or remove program).
B!9c 2: KhEi &,ng l.i my tnh
B!9c 3: Ci &>t STEP 7-Micro/WIN V4.0 Service Pack (SP6) b9ng cch
nh)p &p chu,t vo file STEP7-MicroWIN_V40_SP6.exe.
6.2 Cc ph@n tH c6 b8n trong ch#6ng trnh PLC S7-200
Cc phJn t0 c4 b@n trong m,t ch14ng trnh PLC S7-200 l:
1. Ch14ng trnh chnh (main program)
2. Ch14ng trnh con (subroutine)
3. Ch14ng trnh ngCt (interrupt rountine)
4. Kh/i h th/ng (system block)
5. Kh/i d7 liu (data block)
6.2.1 Ch#6ng trnh chnh OB1 (main program)
Dy l phJn khung c;a ch14ng trnh, ch?a cc lnh &i$u khi'n ch14ng
trnh ?ng dOng. V3i m,t s/ ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n nhP, &4n gi@n chng ta c
th' viAt t)t c@ cc lnh trong kh/i ny. Ch14ng trnh ?ng dOng &1Bc x0 l bCt
&Ju tU ch14ng trnh chnh, cc lnh &1Bc x0 l lJn l1Bt tU trn xu/ng d13i v
chH m,t lJn E mWi vng qut. Trong S7-200 ch14ng trnh &1Bc ch?a trong
kh/i OB1.
6.2.2 Ch#6ng trnh con SUB (subroutine)
Cc lnh viAt trong ch14ng trnh con chH c th' &1Bc x0 l khi ch14ng
trnh con &1Bc g]i (Call) tU ch14ng trnh chnh, tU m,t ch14ng trnh con khc
ho>c tU m,t ch14ng trnh ngCt. S0 dOng ch14ng trnh con khi chng ta mu/n

67
phn chia nhim vO &i$u khi'n. MWi m,t ch14ng trnh con viAt cho m,t nhim
vO nhP ho>c khi c cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n t14ng t6 nhau (v dO: &i$u khi'n
bRng t@i 1, &i$u khi'n bRng t@i 2) th chng ta chH cJn t.o ra ch14ng trnh
con m,t lJn v c th' g]i ra nhi$u lJn tU ch14ng trnh chnh.
S0 dOng ch14ng trnh con c m,t s/ 1u &i'm sau:
Ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc chia theo nhim vO &i$u khi'n nn c
c)u trc r rng, r)t thuQn tin cho vic chHnh s0a hay ki'm tra
ch14ng trnh.
Gi@m thZi gian vng qut c;a ch14ng trnh. CPU khng ph@i lin tOc
x0 l t)t c@ cc lnh c;a ch14ng trnh m chH x0 l ch14ng trnh con
khi c lnh g]i t14ng ?ng.
Ch14ng trnh con cho php gi@m cng vic so.n th@o khi c cc yu
cJu &i$u khi'n t14ng t6 nhau.
(B@n #3c xem ph6n v d) v cch s[ d)ng ch!:ng trnh con H ch!:ng php
ton nhU phn).
6.2.3 Ch#6ng trnh ngMt INT(interrupt routine)
Ch14ng trnh ngCt &1Bc thiAt kA &' s0 dOng cho m,t s6 kin ngCt &1Bc
&Fnh nghâ tr13c. B)t c? khi no s6 kin ngCt xc &Fnh x@y ra, th S7-200 th6c
hin ch14ng trnh ngCt.
Ch14ng trnh ngCt khng &1Bc g]i bEi ch14ng trnh chnh m theo s6
kin ngCt x@y ra. Ch14ng trnh ngCt sj chH &1Bc x0 l mWi khi s6 kin ngCt
x@y ra.
(Ph6n ch!:ng trnh ngEt sR #!Ac trnh by chi ti8t H t1p 2).
6.2.4 Kh;i hG th;ng (system block)
System block cho php ta c)u hnh cc ty ch]n phJn c?ng khc nhau
cho S7-200.
6.2.5 Kh;i d< liGu (data block)
Data block l1u tr7 cc gi trF biAn khc nhau (vng nh3 V) &1Bc s0 dOng
trong ch14ng trnh. Gi trF ban &Ju c;a cc d7 liu c th' nhQp vo trong kh/i
d7 liu.
(Ph6n kh-i dQ li'u sR #!Ac trnh by chi ti8t H t1p 2).
6.3 Ngn ng< l2p trnh
D' c th' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh cho cc PLC S7-200, chng ta dng
phJn m$m Step7 MicroWin. V cang gi/ng nh1 PLC c;a cc hng khc,
chng ta c 3 d.ng so.n th@o thng dOng l d.ng LAD, FBD v STL. Vic
ch]n d.ng so.n th@o no &' viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n l do ng1Zi dng
ty ch]n.

68

6.3.1 D7ng hnh thang : LAD (Ladder logic)
m d.ng so.n th@o ny ch14ng trnh &1Bc hi'n thF gJn gi/ng nh1 s4 &=
n/i dy m,t m.ch trang bF &in dng cc relay v contactor. Chng ta xem
nh1 c m,t dng &in tU m,t ngu=n &in ch.y qua m,t chuWi cc tiAp &i'm
logic ng vo tU tri qua ph@i &' t3i ng ra. Ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc
chia ra lm nhi$u Network, mWi m,t Network th6c hin m,t nhim vO nhP v
cO th'. Cc Network &1Bc x0 l lJn l1Bt tU trn xu/ng d13i v tU tri sang
ph@i.
Cc phJn t0 ch; yAu dng trong d.ng so.n th@o ny l:
TiAp &i'm khng &@o:
TiAp &i'm &@o:
Ng ra (ho>c tr.ng thi n,i c;a biAn):
Cc h,p ch?c nRng (Box): cc ch?c nRng &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng h,p
nh1 cc php ton s/ h]c, &Fnh thZi, b, &Am
V d):
TiAp &i'm logic ng vo
Ng ra d.ng cu,n dy
D1Zng ngu=n

D.ng so.n th@o ny c m,t s/ 1u &i'm:
D\ dng cho nh7ng ng1Zi m3i bCt &Ju lQp trnh
Bi'u di\n d.ng &= h]a d\ hi'u v thng dOng
Lun lun c th' chuy'n tU d.ng STL sang LAD
6.3.2 D7ng kh;i ch"c nang : FBD (Function Block Diagram)
D.ng so.n th@o FBD hi'n thF ch14ng trnh E d.ng &= h]a t14ng t6 nh1
s4 &= cc cKng logic. FBD khng s0 dOng khi nim &1Zng ngu=n cung c)p
tri v ph@i; do & khi nim dng &in khng &1Bc s0 dOng. Thay vo & l
logic 1. Khng c tiAp &i'm v cu,n dy nh1 E d.ng LAD, nh1ng c cc
cKng logic v cc h,p ch?c nRng. Cc cKng logic nh1 AND, OR, XORsj
t14ng ?ng v3i cc tiAp &i'm logic n/i tiAp hay song song
V dO:


69

DJu ra c;a cc cKng logic hay h,p ch?c nRng c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &'
n/i tiAp v3i &Ju vo c;a cc cKng logic hay cc h,p ch?c nRng khc. V3i
d.ng so.n th@o ny c m,t s/ &i'm chnh sau:
Bi'u di\n E d.ng &= h]a cc cKng ch?c nRng gip chng ta d\ &]c
hi'u theo trnh t6 &i$u khi'n.
Lun c th' chuy'n tU hi'n thF d.ng FBD sang STL.
6.3.3 D7ng liGt k lGnh : STL (StaTement List)
Dy l d.ng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh d.ng tQp hBp cc cu lnh. Ng1Zi
dng ph@i nhQp cc cu lnh tU bn phm, gi7a lnh v ton h.ng (ton h.ng
c th' l &Fa chH, d7 liu) c kho@ng trCng v mWi lnh chiAm m,t hng. m
d.ng so.n th@o ny sj c m,t s/ ch?c nRng m E d.ng so.n th@o LAD hay
FBD khng c.
V d):

D.ng s]an th@o ny c m,t s/ &i'm chnh:
L d.ng s]an th@o ph hBp cho nh7ng ng1Zi c kinh nghim lQp trnh
PLC.
STL cho php gi@i quyAt m,t s/ v)n &$ m &i khi kh khRn khi dng
LAD ho>c FBD.
Lun lun c th' chuy'n tU d.ng LAD hay FBD v$ d.ng STL nh1ng
khi chuy'n ng1Bc l.i tU STL sang LAD hay FBD sj c m,t s/ phJn
t0 ch14ng trnh khng chuy'n &1Bc.
6.4 So7n th8o ch#6ng trnh vIi ph@n m,m STEP7-
Micro/Win V4.0 SP6
6.4.1 MN mn hnh so7n th8o ch#6ng trnh
D' mE STEP 7--Micro/WIN, nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STEP 7-
Micro/WIN trn mn hnh desktop, ho>c ch]n Start > SIMATIC > STEP
7 MicroWIN V4.0. Giao din mn hnh c d.ng (hnh 6.1).

70

6.4.1.1 Vng so7n th8o ch#6ng trnh
Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh ch?a ch14ng trnh v b@ng khai bo
biAn cOc b, c;a kh/i ch14ng trnh &ang &1Bc mE. Ch14ng trnh con (viAt tCt
l SUB) v ch14ng trnh ngCt (viAt tCt l INT) xu)t hin E cu/i c0a sK so.n
th@o ch14ng trnh. Ty thu,c vo vic nh)p chu,t E mOc no m c0a sK mn
hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh t14ng ?ng sj &1Bc mE.
6.4.1.2 Cy lGnh
Cy lnh hi'n thF t)t c@ cc &/i t1Bng c;a d6 n v cc lnh &' viAt
ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. C th' s0 dOng ph14ng php drag and drop (ko
v th@) tUng lnh ring tU c0a sK cy lnh vo ch14ng trnh, hay nh)p &p
chu,t vo m,t lnh m mu/n chn n vo vF tr con trP E mn hnh so.n th@o
ch14ng trnh.

Hnh 6.1: Mn hnh so@n th>o ch!:ng trnh STEP 7-Micro/Win
6.4.1.3 Thanh ch"c nang
Thanh ch?c nRng ch?a m,t hm cc bi'u t1Bng &' truy cQp cc &>c
&i'm ch14ng trnh khc nhau c;a STEP 7--Micro/WIN.
* Program Block:
NhCp &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng ny &' mE ra c0a sK so.n th@o cc
ch14ng trnh ?ng dOng (OB1, SUB ho>c INT)
* Symbol Table:
B@ng k hiu (Symbol table) cho php ng1Zi dng m t@ cc &Fa chH s0
dOng trong ch14ng trnh d13i d.ng cc tn g]i gBi nh3. Di$u ny gip cho
Thanh ch?c nRng
Cy lnh
Vng so.n th@o
Thanh cng cO

71
Tn gBi nh3
DFa chH tuyt &/i
Ch thch
vic &]c hi'u ch14ng trnh d\ dng v khi viAt ch14ng trnh t bF sai st do s0
dOng trng &Fa chH.

* Status Chart:
B@ng tr.ng thi (Status chart) cho php ng1Zi dng gim st tr.ng thi
cc ng vo v thay &Ki tr.ng thi tUng ng ra. S0 dOng b@ng tr.ng thi &'
ki'm tra n/i dy phJn c?ng v xem n,i dung cc vng nh3.

Trong &:
+ C,t Address: Cho php nhQp &Fa chH cc biAn hay vng nh3
+ C,t Format: Cho php ch]n d.ng d7 liu c;a &Fa chH
+ C,t Current Value: Hi'n thF gi trF hin hnh c;a &Fa chH
+ C,t New Value: Cho php thay &Ki tr.ng thi ng ra hay n,i
dung vng nh3
* Data Block:
S0 dOng Data Block nh1 m,t vng nh3 &' &>t tr13c d7 liu cho cc biAn
thu$c vng nh9 V. C th' t.o ra cc Data block khc nhau v &>t tn theo d7
lliu ch14ng trinh. V dO:

C0a sK so.n th@o d7 liu:


72

* System Block :
Dy l kh/i ch?c nRng h th/ng, khi mE System Block chng ta c th' ci
&>t cc ch?c nRng nh1:
- Communication ports: Ch]n cc thng s/ truy$n thng v3i thiAt bF
khc nh1 my tnh hay CPU khc.
- Retentive Ranges: Ch]n cc vng nh3 v &Fa chH sj c thu,c tnh
retentive
- Output Tables: Cho php thiAt lQp c)u hnh tr.ng thi ON v OFF
c;a mWi ng ra s/ khi CPU chuy'n tU tr.ng thi
Run sang Stop.
- Input filter: Cho php ch]n thZi gian tr\ cho m,t vi ng vo
ho>c t)t c@ ng vo s/ (tU 0.2ms &An 12.8 ms).
MOc &ch l gip ch/ng nhi\u E vic n/i dy ng
vo.
- Pulse Catch Bits: Cho php thiAt lQp m,t ng vo &' bCt l)y s6
chuy'n &Ki tr.ng thi tn hiu r)t nhanh. Ngay khi
c chuy'n &Ki, gi trF ng vo sj &1Bc ch/t cho
&An khi &1Bc &]c bEi chu k` qut c;a PLC.
- Background Time: Cho php thiAt lQp l1Bng thZi gian PLC sj dnh
cho cc ho.t &,ng n$n trong chA &, RUN. D>c
&i'm ny &1Bc s0 dOng ch; yAu &' &i$u khi'n
@nh h1Eng c;a chu k` qut khi x0 l tr.ng thi v
trong ho.t &,ng so.n th@o runtime.
- EM Confuguration: Cc module intelligent v &Fa chH c)u hnh t14ng
?ng &1Bc &Fnh nghâ trong d6 n. Th1Zng th
STEP 7-Micro/WIN wizard &>t cc &Fa chH ny.
- Configure LED: LED SF/DIAG (System Fault/Diagnostic) c th'
&1Bc ch]n sng khi th6c hin ch?c nRng c1Lng
b?c (Force) ho>c x@y ra lWi vo/ra (I/O).
- Increase Memory: TRng b, nh3 ch14ng trnh b9ng cch khng cho
so.n th@o E chA &, RUN. D/i v3i b, nh3 D7 liu
th khng th'.
- Password: Cho php &>t mQt kh[u &' b@o v ch14ng trnh.
C 4 c)p &' ng1Zi dng ty ch]n theo b@ng sau:
M t8 ch"c nang Level 1 Level 2 Leve 3 Level 4
D]c v ghi d7 liu
Start, Stop, khEi &,ng
CPU
D]c v ghi &=ng h=
thZi gian (time-of-day
Cho php
truy cQp
Cho php
truy cQp
Cho php
truy cQp
Cho php
truy cQp

73
Clock)
Upload ch14ng trnh,
d7 liu, c)u hnh CPU
Khng bao
giZ cho php
Download ch14ng
trnh, data block ho>c
system block
Yu cJu
password
(khng bao
giZ cho php
v3i system
Block)
So.n th@o E Runtime
Khng bao
giZ cho php
Xa ch14ng trnh, data
block ho>c system
block
Yu cJu
password
(khng bao
giZ cho php
v3i system
Block)
Copy ch14ng trnh,
data block ho>c
system block vo card
nh3
C1Lng b?c d7 liu
trong status chart
Ghi ng ra E tr.ng thi
stop
Xa t/c &, qut trong
PLC information
Yu cJu
password
So snh d6 n
Yu cJu
password
Yu cJu
password
Khng bao
giZ cho php
* Cross Reference:
B@ng tham chiAu cho biAt nh7ng &Fa chH vng nh3 no (Byte, bit, word
hay DWord, timer, counter) & s0 dOng v v tr (location) trong ch14ng
trnh cang nh1 ch?c nRng c;a chng.
M,t v dO b@ng cross reference &1Bc cho E hnh 6.2. T.i c,t Element,
nhCp &p vo &Fa chH no th trnh so.n th@o sj mE cho chng ta c0a sK
ch14ng trnh c ch?a &Fa chH t14ng ?ng. Vic ny gip cho chng ta d\ dng
ki'm tra hay thay &Ki &Fa chH khi c nhu cJu.


74

Hnh 6.2: V d) b>ng cross reference.
Communication: v Set PG/PC
Cc bi'u t1Bng ny khi kch ho.t sj mE ra h,p tho.i cho php chng
ta ci &>t cc giao tiAp v3i my tnh nh1: ch]n cKng giao tiAp, &Fa chH CPU, t/c
&, truy$n. Dy l b!9c c6n thc hi'n khi bCt &Ju giao tiAp gi7a PLC v3i my
tnh.

Hnh 6.3: C[a sZ Communications

75

Hnh 6.4: C[a sZ Set PG/PC Interface.
6.4.2 Thanh cng c% (Toolbar) trong STEP7-Micro/WIN
Trong phJn m$m c &>t sSn nhi$u cng cO gip ng1Zi lQp trnh d\ dng
trong vic s0 dOng. Cc cng cO c nghâ nh1 sau:
New Project (File menu): KhEi &,ng m,t d6 n m3i
Open Project (File menu): ME m,t d6 n t=n t.i
Save Project (File menu): L1u d6 n
Print (File menu): In ch14ng trnh v ti liu d6 n
Print Preview (File menu): Xem tr13c khi in
Cut (Edit menu): CCt phJn ch]n v &1a vo clipboard
Copy (Edit menu): Copy phJn &1Bc ch]n vo clipboard
Paste (Edit menu): Dn n,i dung clipboard vo c0a sK &1Bc kch ho.t
Undo (Edit menu): Khi phOc l.i phJn bF xa tr13c

76

Compile (PLC menu): Bin dFch c0a sK &1Bc kch ho.t (Program
Block ho>c Data Block).
Compile All (PLC menu): Bin dFch t)t c@ cc phJn t0 d6 n (Program
Block, Data Block, and System Block)
Upload (File menu): L)y (Upload) cc phJn t0 d6 n tU PLC vo mn
hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh
Download (File menu): N.p (download) cc phJn t0 d6 n tU
STEP7-MicroWin vo PLC.
Option (Tools menu): Truy cQp menu Options
RUN (PLC menu): D>t PLC E chA &, RUN
STOP (PLC menu): D>t PLC E chA &, STOP
Program Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF tr.ng thi ch14ng trnh trong
PLC.
Pause Program Status (Debug menu): DUng ON/OFF tr.ng thi
ch14ng trnh trong PLC.
Chart Status (Debug menu): ON/OFF hi'n thF tr.ng thi d7 liu trong
b@ng Status chart.
Trend View (View menu): ON/OFF xem tr.ng thi d7 liu trong PLC E
d.ng &= thF
Pause Trend View: DUng vic vj &= thF d7 liu
Single Read (Debug menu): S0 dOng Single Read &' cQp nhQt m,t lJn
t)t c@ cc gi trF trong b@ng Status Chart.
Write All (Debug menu): Ghi t)t c@ cc gi trF E c,t New Value trong
b@ng Status Chart vo PLC.
Force (Debug menu): C1Lng b?c d7 liu PLC
Unforce For (Debug menu): GL bP c1Lng b?c d7 liu PLC

77

Hnh 6.5: Y!Kng d^n vo mn hnh so@n
th>o ch!:ng trnh.
Unforce All (Debug menu): GL bP t)t c@ cc c1Lng b?c trong b@ng
Status Chart.
Read All Forced (Debug menu): D]c t)t c@ cc gi trF c1Lng b?c trong
Status Chart.
6.4.3 T7o m1t dD n STEP 7-Micro/WIN
6.4.3.1 T7o dD n mIi
D' t.o m,t d6 n m3i
trong STEP 7-Micro/Win, ch]n
menu File > New ho>c bi'u
t1Bng trong toolbar &' mE
h,p tho.i "New" cho php t.o
m3i m,t d6 n (project).

Trong thanh ch?c nRng, b)m
vo bi'u t1Bng ,
ho>c vo menu View >
Component > Program Editor
&' mE mn hnh so.n th@o
ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.5).
Cang trong menu View, ta c th' ch]n ngn ng7 lQp trnh l STL, Ladder hay
FBD theo mong mu/n.
D' so.n th@o b@ng k hiu cho cc &Fa chH ta b)m vo bi'u t1Bng
trong thanh ch?c nRng, ho>c vo menu View > Component > symbol Table.
Sau & c th' &>t k hiu cho cc &Fa chH nh1 trnh by E mOc 6.4.1.3. PhJn
chi tiAt sj &1Bc trnh by trong ch14ng php ton nhF phn.
6.4.3.2 L#u dD n
D' l1u d6 n, nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng , ho>c vo menu File >
Save. C0a sK mn hnh xu)t hin nh1 hnh 6.6. Ch]n th1 mOc cJn ch?a d6
n, &>t tn d6 n v nh)p chu,t vo tho Save &' l1u d6 n

78

6.4.3.3 MN m1t dD n
D' mE m,t d6 n &ang c sSn, nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng , ho>c
vo menu File > Open. C0a sK mn hnh xu)t hin nh1 hnh 6.7. Ch]n th1
mOc ch?a ch14ng trnh cJn mE, ch]n tn d6 n v sau & nh)p chu,t vo tho
Open.

6.4.4 Th# viGn
Th1 vin (Libraries) &1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u tr7 cc kh/i ch14ng trnh con
c truy$n tham s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' lQp trnh. Cc kh/i c th' copy vo trong

Hnh 6.6: C[a sZ mn hnh l!u d n

Hnh 6.7: C[a sZ mn hnh chGa d n c6n mH
Tn d6 n
Th1 mOc ch?a d6 n
D6 n cJn mE
Th1 mOc ch?a d6 n

79
m,t th1 vin tU m,t d6 n c sSn ho>c chng c th' &1Bc t.o ra tr6c tiAp
trong th1 vin &,c lQp v3i cc d6 n.
Khi ci &>t STEP 7-Micro/WIN th cc kh/i ch1a &1Bc ci &>t vo trong
th1 vin. D' ci &>t th1 vin chu[n c th' download th1 vin S7-200 tU trang
www.siemens.com ho>c s0 dOng &â phJn m$m STEP 7--Micro/WIN Add-on:
STEP 7--Micro/WIN 32 Instruction Library, V1.1 (CD-ROM).
C th' chn thm ho>c xa bP b3t cc kh/i ch14ng trnh trong th1 vin
s0 dOng File > Add/Remove Libraries v sau & ch]n tho Add &' ch]n kh/i
ch14ng trnh th1 vin mong mu/n &1a vo th1 vin.
D' mE th1 vin, vo Cy LKnh ch]n mOc Libraries, ch]n cc kh/i
ch14ng trnh cJn s0 dOng. Vic t.o thm cc kh/i ch14ng trnh con truy$n
tham s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' lm th1 vin c th' &1Bc t.o ra tU File > Create
Library v ch]n ch14ng trnh con cJn lm th1 vin.
6.4.5 HG th;ng trL gip trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN
Tr1Zng hBp g>p kh khRn trong lQp trnh cang nh1 cJn tm hi'u r h4n
v$ m,t thng tin no & trong phJn m$m ta c th' s0 dOng cng cO trB gip.
C nhi$u cch khc nhau &' mE trB gip:
1. S0 dOng menu Help > Contents and Index &' kch ho.t trB gip
chung.
2. S0 dOng phm F1 &' trB gip theo ng7 c@nh v3i &/i t1Bng &1Bc
ch]n.

Hnh 6.8: Mn hnh trA gip
Th_ Content: Hi'n thF danh sch cc ch; &$ trB gip

80

Th_ Index: Cho php truy cQp thng tin trB gip b9ng vic hi'n thF
danh sch cc thuQt ng7 theo th? t6 alphabe.
Th_ Find: Cho php tm kiAm cc tU cO th' v thuQt ng7 trong ch; &$
trB gip.
Khi nh)p chu,t vo cc tU &1Bc nKi ln c mu xanh v g.ch chn (hotwords)
sj xu)t hin cc trB gip chi tiAt h4n.
6.4.6 Xa b1 nhI CPU
Khi xa PLC th PLC ph@i &>t E chA &, STOP v reset PLC theo chu[n
nh my, ngo.i trU &Fa chH PLC, t/c &, truy$n, v &=ng h= thZi gian (time-of-
date clock). D' xa ch14ng trnh trong PLC th6c hin nh1 sau:
1. Ch]n PLC > Clear... th h,p tho.i Clear xu)t hin
2. Ch]n t)t c@ cc mOc ch)p nhQn b9ng cch nh)p OK.
3. NAu & c password trong b, nh3 PLC th h,p tho.i yu cJu
password xu)t hin. D' xa password th nhQp CLEARPLC vo
h,p tho.i v tiAp tOc ho.t &,ng xa t)t c@.
6.4.7 MN m1t dD n /ang tAn t7i sbn
ME m,t d6 n t=n t.i (tQp tin c phJn mE r,ng .mwp) hay thnh phJn c;a
d6 n v bCt &Ju m,t phJn so.n th@o m3i b9ng cch s0 dOng cc ph14ng
php sau:
1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Open Project .
2. Ch]n menu lnh File > Open.
3. qn tK hBp phm Ctrl+O
4. ME Windows Explorer v nh)p &p chu,t v tQp tin c phJn mE r,ng
.mwp.
5. ME m,t thnh phJn d6 n b9ng cch nh)p chu,t ph@i vo cc ghi
ch trong cy lnh (Instruction Tree). Ch]n Open &' mE.
D' mE cc d6 n &1Bc t.o v3i cc phin b@n tr13c c;a STEP 7-
Micro/WIN hay STEP 7-Micro/DOS th nh)p chu,t vo Open hay ch]n
File>Open v ch]n tQp tin mong mu/n.
Ch :
- D6 n & t.o b9ng cc phin b@n tr13c c;a STEP 7-Micro/WIN hay
STEP 7-Micro/DOS c th' ch?a m,t hay nhi$u c)u trc logic m STEP 7-
Micro/WIN, Version 3.0 v cao h4n khng hW trB. D' mE &1Bc d6 n, ta ph@i
s0 dOng phin b@n ca & t.o d6 n v l1u l.i d6 n theo th; tOc sau:
1. Chuy'n mn hnh so.n th@o sang STL.

81
2. TCt &Fa chH theo k hiu.
3. L1u tQp tin d6 n.
- Ch14ng trnh & t.o v3i STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1 SP1 s0 dOng lnh
AND c ng vo &4n E FBD, v &1Bc l1u &' xem E FBD, th khng th' mE
&1Bc v3i STEP 7-Micro/WIN V3.1. D' mE cc d6 n ny v3i STEP 7-
Micro/WIN V3.1, d6 n tr13c tin nn &1Bc chuy'n sang &' xem E STL v
l1u l.i E d.ng ny.
- Khng th' s0 dOng lnh Open &' mE m,t d6 n trong PLC; Cc tQp tin
d6 n chH c th' mE &1Bc nAu n &1Bc l1u tr7 trn PC ho>c PG (thiAt bF lQp
trnh)
- V3i phJn m$m STEP-7 Micro/WIN mWi lJn mE chH &1Bc m,t d6 n. V
vQy mu/n mE 2 d6 n t.i cng m,t thZi &i'm th ph@i ch.y hai lJn STEP-7
Micro/WIN. Khi mE hai d6 n, ta c th' copy cc phJn t0 ch14ng trnh lkn
nhau.
6.4.8 K:t n;i truy,n thng S7-200 vIi thi:t b> l2p trnh
D' kAt n/i truy$n thng S7-200 v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh th cJn ph@i c cp
kAt n/i (xem ch14ng 4). Vic kAt n/i truy$n thng th6c hin theo cc b13c
sau:
1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng communication trong thanh
ch?c nRng hay vo View > Component > Communications.

Hnh 6.9: Mn hnh thi8t l1p truy/n thng
2. Ki'm tra xem &Fa chH c;a cp PC/PPI trong h,p tho.i c &1Bc &>t l 0
ch1a? Th1Zng m>c &Fnh l 0.

82

3. Ki'm tra tham s/ m.ng (Network Parameters) v t/c &, truy$n
(Transmission Rate) c &ng ch1a. NAu ch1a &ng th nh)p chu,t
vo tho &' thiAt lQp l.i giao tiAp gi7a PC v
PLC.
4. Nh)p &p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng &' tm tr.m S7-200
v m,t bi'u t1Bng CPU cho tr.m S7-200 &1Bc kAt n/i sj &1Bc hi'n
thF (v dO bi'u t1Bng ).
5. Ch]n S7-200 v nh)p OK. NAu STEP 7--Micro/WIN khng tm ra
CPU S7-200, ki'm tra vic &>t chHnh cc tham s/ truy$n thng v l>p
l.i b13c ny.
6. Sau khi & thiAt lQp truy$n thng v3i S7-200, ta c th' sSn sng t.o
v download ch14ng trnh vo CPU.
6.4.9 T8i dD n td PLC
C th' s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng trn toolbar ho>c menu File &' t@i (upload)
ch14ng trnh tU PLC v$ my tnh khi s0 dOng phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN.
CJn l1u l PLC & &1Bc kAt n/i truy$n thng v3i thiAt bF lQp trnh.
6.4.9.1 T8i m1t kh;i hoKc ba kh;i
C th' t@i kh/i ch14ng trnh (OB1, ch14ng trnh con, ch14ng trnh ngCt),
System Block, v Data Block hay ch]n l6a m,t trong ba kh/i ny tU PLC v$
my tnh. Ch14ng trnh trong PLC khng ch?a cc &Fa chH k hiu hay thng
tin status chart. Do &, ta khng th' t@i m,t b@ng Symbol Table hay Status
Chart.
6.4.9.2 T8i vo m1t dD n mIi hoKc dD n reng
D' t@i ch14ng trnh v$ my tnh th m,t cch khng lm @nh h1Eng &An
cc ch14ng trnh &ang mE l &ng n l.i v t.o m,t d6 n m3i, v d6 n m3i
l rWng nn khng th' v tnh ph h;y d7 liu. Dy l cch th?c an ton &' l)y
kh/i ch14ng trnh, system block ho>c thng tin data block. NAu mu/n l)y s0
dOng b@ng k hiu (symbol table) ho>c status chart & &1Bc t.o cho d6 n
ny, th c th' mE d6 n ca E mn hnh STEP 7-Micro/WIN khc v copy cc
thng tin ny vo d6 n &1Bc upload v$.
6.4.9.3 T8i vo m1t dD n tAn t7i
Dy l m,t cch &' viAt & t)t c@ cc phJn c;a ch14ng trnh hin hnh
b9ng ch14ng trnh & &1Bc n.p vo PLC tr13c &.
6.4.9.4 ThJ t%c t8i dD n td PLC v, thi:t b> l2p trnh
D' th6c hin t@i, th6c hin cc b13c sau:

83
1. Trong STEP 7-Micro/WIN mE m,t d6 n &' gi7 cc kh/i sj &1Bc
upload tU PLC.
NAu mu/n upload vo m,t d6 n rWng, ch]n File > New ho>c s0
dOng bi'u t1Bng New Project trn toolbar.
NAu mu/n upload vo m,t d6 n t=n t.i, ch]n File > Open ho>c
s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng Open Project trn toolbar.
2. Ch]n File > Upload ho>c s0 dOng bi'u t1Bng Upload trn
toolbar &' khEi &,ng qu trnh upload.
3. H,p tho.i Upload xu)t hin &' yu cJu ch]n cc kh/i: program block,
data block, and system block. Hy ch]n cc kh/i mu/n Upload, v sau
& nh)p OK.

Hnh 6.10: H$p tho@i Upload
4. STEP 7-Micro/WIN hi'n thF ch sau:

Hnh 6.11: Ch khi upload tM PLC v/ thi8t bU l1p trnh
Nh)n Yes &' ch)p nhQn vic upload.
STEP 7-Micro/WIN hi'n thF m,t thng bo khi upload cc kh/i thnh cng
tU PLC v$ thiAt bF lQp trnh ho>c my tnh PC.
6.4.10 N7p (download) m1t dD n vo PLC
Khi cho php kAt n/i truy$n thng gi7a PC v PLC, ta c th' download
ch14ng trnh vo PLC. CJn l1u r9ng khi download m,t program block, data
block hay system block vo PLC th n,i dung c;a cc kh/i &1Bc download vo
sj viAt & ln cc kh/i hin hnh trong PLC. Cc b13c th6c hin nh1 sau:

84

1. Tr13c khi download vo PLC, cJn ph@i ki'm tra xem PLC & E chA
&, Stop ch1a thng qua &n bo STOP trn PLC. NAu cng tCc ch]n
chA &, trn PLC &>t E vF tr TERM th ta c th' ch]n PLC E chA &,
RUN ho>c STOP tU my lQp trnh. NAu PLC khng E chA &, STOP,
th nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STOP trong toolbar ho>c ch]n
PLC > STOP.
Trong tr1Zng hBp khng dng phJn m$m th chuy'n cng tCc ch]n
chA &, cho PLC v$ vF tr STOP.
2. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng download trong toolbar ho>c ch]n
File > Download. H,p Download xu)t hin.
3. Ch]n cc kh/i cJn download. Thng th1Zng l ch]n t)t c@.
4. Nh)p OK &' bCt &Ju qu trnh download.
5. NAu download thnh cng, th m,t h,p tho.i hi'n thF thng bo:
Download Successful. TiAp tOc &An b13c 12.
6. NAu lo.i PLC &1Bc ch]n cho ch14ng trnh trong STEP 7/Micro/WIN
khng ph hBp v3i PLC th6c tA, th m,t h,p tho.i xu)t hin v3i thng
bo:
"The PLC type selected for the project does not match the remote
PLC type. Continue Download?".
7. D>t l.i lo.i PLC cho ph hBp, ch]n No &' dUng tiAn trnh downoad.
8. Ch]n PLC > Type &' vo h,p tho.i ch]n lo.i PLC.
9. C th' ch]n &ng lo.i PLC theo danh sch trong mOc
c;a h,p tho.i. Ho>c nh)p chu,t
vo tho &' STEP 7-Micro/WIN t6 &,ng tm
&ng lo.i PLC &ang kAt n/i.
10. Nh)p OK &' ch)p nhQn lo.i PLC v &ng h,p tho.i.
11. KhEi &,ng l.i qu trnh download b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u
t1Bng download trong toolbar hay ch]n File > Download.
12. Ngay khi download thnh cng, ta ph@i chuy'n PLC tU STOP sang
RUN tr13c khi PLC c th' th6c hin ch14ng trnh. Nh)p chu,t vo
bi'u t1Bng RUN trong toolbar hay ch]n PLC > RUN &' chuy'n

85
PLC sang chA &, RUN khi cng tCc ch]n chA &, cho PLC &' E vF tr
TERM.
Tr1Zng hBp s0 dOng cng tCc th chuy'n tU vF tr STOP sang RUN.
6.4.11 Thi:t l2p c4u hnh chung cho ph@n m,m (menu option v
customize)
6.4.11.1 Menu Option
C th' &Fnh nghâ m,t &1Zng dkn m>c &Fnh &An m,t th1 mOc tQp tin xc
&Fnh &' mE v l1u cc d6 n STEP 7-Micro/WIN. Ta s0 dOng menu lnh
Tools > Options.
Ngoi ra, &' truy cQp tr6c tiAp Option cho tUng thnh phJn trong cy lnh
(Instruction tree) th trP chu,t vo thnh phJn mong mu/n v nh)p chu,t ph@i,
sau & ch]n mOc option.

Hnh 6.12: C[a sZ Options
* General Options
- Th_ General: Ch]n tho ny &' l6a ch]n Program Editor, Mnemonic
Set, Programming Mode, Language, v Regional Settings(Measurement
System, Time Format, and Date Format) m>c &Fnh.
- Th_ Defaults: Ch]n tho ny &' &>t vF tr tQp tin v lo.i PLC m>c &Fnh cho
cc d6 n m3i. Ta cang c th' ch]n &' thm System Symbol Table cho t)t c@
cc d6 n m3i.
- Th_ Colors: Ch]n tho ny &' gn Font v Color cho cc c0a sK khc
nhau.
* Program Editor Options

86

- Th_ Program Editor: Ch]n tho ny &' &Fnh kch th13c, hi'n thF v font
c;a c0a sK so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. Ch]n tr.ng thi hi'n thF bn trong hay
bn ngoi lnh. C)u hnh &Fa chH theo k hiu. Ta cang c th' ch]n &' cho
php so.n th@o ton t0 sau khi &>t m,t lnh v &Fnh d.ng t6 &,ng b)t k` m
lnh STL &1Bc nhQp vo.
- Th_ STL Status: Ch]n tho ny &' ty biAn cch th?c m Program
Status &1Bc trnh di\n E STL. Ta c th' thay &Ki cc &>t chHnh sau: Watch
Values, Operands, Logic Stack, Instruction Status Bits.
* Other Options
- Th_ Symbol Table: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v
kch th13c c;a b@ng k hiu (symbol table). Ta c th' ch]n &' hi'n thF cc k
hiu trng nhau, khng &1Bc s0 dOng.
- Th_ Status Chart: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch
th13c c;a status chart. Cang c th' thiAt lQp vic &Fnh &Fa chH theo k hiu.
- Th_ Data Block: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch
th13c v &, r,ng c;a data block.
- Th_ Cross Reference: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v
kch th13c c;a b@ng cross reference. Cang c th' thiAt lQp vic &Fnh &Fa chH
theo k hiu.
- Th_ Output Window: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v
kch th13c c;a output window.
- Th_ Instruction Tree: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v
kch th13c c;a Instruction Tree (cy lnh). Ta cang c th' ch]n &' cho php
t6 &,ng xAp l.i c;a instruction tree.
- Th_ Navigation Bar: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v
kch th13c c;a navigation bar.
- Th_ Print: Ch]n tho ny &' thiAt lQp ki'u font, ki'u dng v kch th13c
c;a cc d6 n mu/n in.
6.4.11.2 Menu Custommize
Menu custommize cho php ta thay &Ki s6 xu)t hin n,i dung trong
toolbar v thm vo cc cng cO &1Bc s0 dOng th1Zng xuyn vo menu
Tools.

87

Hnh 6.13: C[a sZ custommize.
Ch]n menu lnh Tools > Customize &' thiAt lQp cc l6a ch]n sau:
- Th_ Commands: Cho php thay &Ki s6 xu)t hin cc n,i dung c;a
toolbars.
- Th_ Add-On Tools: Cho php thm vo cc cng cO &1Bc s0 dOng
th1Zng xuyn vo menu Tools.
* Thay 'Vi sL xuWt hiKn:
- Ch]n Show Tooltips nAu mu/n cc nt nh)n hi'n thF cc thng tin
v$ n khi con trP chu,t dUng trn nt nh)n.
- Ch]n Show Flat Buttons nAu mu/n cc nt nh)n xu)t hin E
d.ng phpng thay v xu)t hin E d.ng 3-D.
* Di chuy*n mSt nt nhWn:
- Ch]n m,t toolbar tU h,p danh sch Category &' hi'n thF cc nt nh)n
c;a toolbar &. D' di chuy'n m,t nt nh)n tU toolbar m>c &Fnh sang toolbar
khc, th ch]n tn c;a toolbar ch?a nt nh)n cJn di chuy'n tU h,p danh sch
Category. Ko nt nt nh)n mong mu/n trong vng nt nh)n ra vng toolbar
&' thm n vo toolbar.
- D' lo.i bP m,t nt nh)n trn toolbar, ko nt nh)n trn toolbar v bP
vo vng nt nh)n c;a h,p tho.i Customize.

88

* Th_ Add-On Tools: Thm m,t cng cO vo menu Tools.
D>c &i'm ny &1Bc d6 &Fnh &' tiAt kim thZi gian &/i v3i cc cng cO &1Bc
s0 dOng th1Zng xuyn. D' thm m,t cng cO, nh)p vo tho Add-On Tools,
nh)p vo nt , v &i$n vo cc vng E d13i:
B)t k` lnh &1Bc yu cJu &1Bc bCt &Ju v kAt thc bEi d)u ngo>c kp
khi nhQp vo vng command(v dO: "xxx xxx").
- Menu Text: Ch]n m,t tn &' nhQn d.ng cng cO trn menu Tools.
- Command: Cung c)p tn tQp tin c;a ch14ng trnh cng cO hay bat. file.
- Arguments: Cung c)p cc ch; &$ dng lnh & s0 dOng bEi tQp tin
*.exe.
- Initial Directory: Cung c)p &1Zng dkn th1 mOc &ang mE cho cng cO.
S0 dOng nt &' tm cc tQp tin v th1 mOc.
Khi thm vo m,t cng cO thnh cng, trong menu Tools xu)t hin cng
cO & thm.
6.4.12 So7n th8o ch#6ng trnh
Tr13c khi so.n th@o ch14ng trnh, cc b13c sau &y cJn ph@i hon thnh:
- KAt n/i gi7a PLC v my tnh
- KAt n/i dy &ng cc ng vo v ra v3i ngo.i vi
Tr1Zng hBp khng c PLC, th ta chH c th' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh v
l1u tr7 l.i. Cn nAu mu/n ki'm tra th cJn ph@i c phJn m$m m phPng S7-
200. Cc b13c &' so.n th@o m,t d6 n m3i:
1. ME mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh
2. NhQp b@ng k hiu
3. NhQp ch14ng trnh
4. L1u ch14ng trnh
5. Download ch14ng trnh vo CPU.
6. D>t CPU E chA &, RUN.
7. Tm lWi v chHnh s0a ch14ng trnh.
D' hi'u &1Bc phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN d\ dng, chng ta nn viAt
m,t v dO &4n gi@n &1Bc cho E hnh 6.14 v b@ng thiAt lQp vo/ra cho E b@ng
6.1. Do m3i bCt &Ju, ta nn viAt ch14ng trnh E d.ng LAD, r=i sau & c th'
xem E d.ng FBD hay STL.


89
LAD STL

Hnh 6.14: V d) #+ so@n th>o m$t ch!:ng trnh m9i
K hiKu 3<a ch> Ch thch
S_Stop I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng &,ng c4, th1Zng &ng (NC)
S_Right I0.1 Nt nh)n &,ng c4 quay ph@i, th1Zng hE (NO)
S_Left I0.2 Nt nh)n &,ng c4 quay tri, th1Zng hE (NO)
K1 Q0.0 Contactor c)p &in &' &,ng c4 quay ph@i
K2 Q0.1 Contactor c)p &in &' &,ng c4 quay tri
B>ng 6.1: B>ng xc #Unh k8t n-i dy vo/ra v9i ngo@i vi
Cc b7Qc thLc hiKn:
B7Qc 1: M9 mn hnh soEn thBo ch7:ng trnh
Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Program Block &' mE mn hnh
so.n th@o ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.15). Ch c0a sK cy lnh (instruction tree)
v vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. S0 dOng cy lnh &' chn cc lnh &1Bc
bi'u di\n E d.ng LAD vo cc networks c;a mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh
b9ng cch ko v th@ cc lnh tU cy lnh vo cc networks.
D' c th' nhQp &Jy &; cc ch thch (comment), th cJn hi'n thF cc ch
thch trong mn hnh so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. Vo View > POU Comment &'
hi'n thF dng ch thch tiu &$ ch14ng trnh v View > Network comments
&' hi'n thF dng ch thch c;a tUng network.

90

Hnh 6.16: Mn hnh so@n th>o ch!:ng trnh
B7Qc 2: Nh#p bBng k hiKu
Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Symbol Table &' mE mn hnh
so.n th@o b@ng k hiu (hnh 6.17).
NhQp cc thng tin (ch7 khng d)u) E b@ng 6.1 vo b@ng Symbol Table. V3i:
- C,t k hi'u t14ng ?ng v3i c,t Symbol.
- C,t #Ua chW t14ng ?ng v3i c,t Address.
- C,t ch thch t14ng ?ng v3i c,t comment.

Hnh 6.17: Mn hnh so@n th>o b>ng k hi'u
Sau khi nhQp xong, ta c b@ng k hiu nh1 hnh 6.18.
Cy lnh
Vng so.n th@o ch14ng trnh

91

Hnh 6.18: B>ng k hi'u cc ph6n t[ trong ch!:ng trnh
Trong qu trnh lQp trnh c th' pht sinh thm cc &Fa chH m3i. Khi pht
sinh thm &Fa chH m3i, ta nn bK sung &Fa chH & vo trong b@ng k hiu &' d\
dng cho qu trnh tm v x0 l lWi sau ny.
B7Qc 3: Nh#p ch7:ng trnh
Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Program Block &' mE l.i mn hnh
so.n th@o ch14ng trnh (hnh 6.15).
Nh1p Network 1: Dong co quay phai
Khi )n nt nh)n S_Right (I0.1), th tiAp &i'm I0.1 &ng, nt nh)n S_Stop l
th1Zng &ng nn ng vo I0.0 lun lun c &in hay tiAp &i'm I0.0 cang
&ng, v bnh th1Zng ng ra Q0.1 cang khng c &in (0) nn tiAp &i'm
ny cang &ng. KAt hBp 3 tiAp &i'm ny sj c dng &in cung c)p cho
cu,n dy Q0.0 (n/i v3i K1). Contactor K1 c &in &ng tiAp &i'm &,ng l6c
c;a n &' c)p ngu=n cho &,ng c4 quay ph@i. TiAp &i'm Q0.0 (song song
I0.1) &ng duy tr dng cung c)p cho Q0.0 khi nt nh)n S_Right hE ra.
NhQp cc dng ch thch nh1 & cho trong hnh 6.14.
NhQp cc tiAp &i'm nh1 sau:
1. Nh)p &p chu,t vo hnh t1Bng Bit Logic ho>c nh)p
chu,t vo d)u c,ng (+) E c0a sK cy lnh &' hi'n thF cc lnh trong
bit logic.
2. Ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Open .
3. Gi7 chu,t tri v ko tiAp &i'm vo network &Ju tin.
4. Nh)p chu,t vo ??? trn tiAp &i'm v nhQp vo &Fa chH: I0.1 v sau
& nh)n phm Enter.
5. T14ng t6 tU b13c 2 &An b13c 4 nhQp &Fa chH I0.0
6. Ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Closed v sau & nhQp vo &Fa chH Q0.1

92

7. Ch]n cu,n dy Output v nhQp vo E ??? &Fa chH Q0.0
Ch : khi g cc &Fa chH I0.0, I0.1, Q0.0, Q0.1 c th' ta sj nhQn &1Bc kAt
qu@ l cc &Fa chH theo k hiu. D' hin l.i cc &Fa chH tuyt &/i ta bP kch
ho.t View > Symbolic Addressing.
R_ nhnh Network 1.
1. T14ng ch]n tiAp &i'm Normally Open gi7 chu,t tri v ko
tiAp &i'm vo vF tr con trP chu,t (hnh 6.18) v &>t tn Q0.0.

Hnh 6.18: R_ nhnh network
2. D' con trP chu,t E vF tr nh1 hnh 6.19a v nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng
line up &' kAt thc (hnh 6.19b).

(a) (b)
Hnh 6.19: R_ nhnh network
NhQp network 2: Dong co quay trai
T14ng t6 nh1 network 1.
B7Qc 4: L7u ch7:ng trnh
Sau khi nhQp hai network lnh, ta & nhQp xong ch14ng trnh. Khi l1u
ch14ng trnh, ta t.o m,t d6 n bao g=m lo.i CPU S7-200 v cc tham s/
khc. D' l1u m,t d6 n, th6c hin nh1 sau:
1. Ch]n File > Save As
2. NhQp vo tn c;a d6 n trong h,p tho.i Save As

93
3. Nh)p OK &' l1u d6 n.
B7Qc 5: Download ch7:ng trnh vo CPU
Sau khi l1u d6 n, ta c th' download ch14ng trnh vo S7-200.
MWi d6 n &1Bc lin kAt v3i m,t lo.i CPU (CPU 221, CPU 222, CPU 224,
CPU 224XP, ho>c CPU 226). NAu ki'u d6 n khng ph hBp v3i CPU &ang
kAt n/i, th STEP 7--Micro/WIN bo lWi khng t14ng thch v cc &1Zng dkn
&' ta tiAp tOc cng vic. NAu &i$u ny x@y ra, ch]n Continue Download.
Th6c hin download ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:
1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng Download trn toolbar ho>c ch]n
File > Download &' download ch14ng trnh.
2. Nh)p OK &' download cc phJn t0 ch14ng trnh vo S7-200. NAu
S7-200 E chA &, RUN, m,t h,p tho.i xu)t hin yu cJu b.n &>t S7-
200 E chA &, STOP. Nh)p chu,t vo Yes &' &>t S7-200 E chA &,
STOP.
B7Qc 6: 3Ut S7-200 9 chM 'S RUN
D/i v3i phJn m$m STEP 7-Micro/WIN &' &>t CPU S7-200 vo chA &,
RUN, th cng tCc ch]n chA &, c;a S7-200 ph@i &1Bc &>t E vF tr TERM ho>c
RUN. Khi &>t S7-200 E chA &, RUN, th S7-200 th6c hin ch14ng trnh:
1. Nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng RUN trn toolbar ho>c ch]n PLC >
RUN.
2. Nh)p OK chuy'n chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a S7-200.
3. Khi S7-200 &i vo chA &, RUN th &n RUN trn PLC sng.
B7Qc 7: Tm l[i v ch>nh sJa ch7:ng trnh
Sau khi CPU & E chA &, RUN, ta c th' ki'm tra l.i ch14ng trnh b9ng
cch )n cc nt nh)n S_Right, S_Stop, S_Left v quan st cc &n LED Q0.0
v Q0.1.
NAu )n nt nh)n S_Right, th &n LED Q0.0 sng.
qn nt S_Stop, th &n LED Q0.0 tCt.
qn nt S_Left, th &n Q0.1 sng.
qn nt S_Stop, th &n LED Q0.1 tCt.
NAu vic ki'm tra khng &.t &1Bc kAt qu@ nh1 m t@, th c th' gim st
ch14ng trnh b9ng cch ch]n Debug > Program Status ho>c nh)p chu,t vo
bi'u t1Bng . D6a vo tr.ng thi c;a cc tiAp &i'm v cc cu,n dy trong
ch14ng trnh m c th' tm ra cc lWi v chHnh s0a cho ph hBp v3i yu cJu
cng ngh.

94

D' dUng ch14ng trnh, &>t S7-200 v$ chA &, STOP b9ng cch nh)p
chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng STOP ho>c ch]n PLC > STOP.

Chu Ch YGc 7 Cc php ton logic
95
7 Cc php ton logic
7.1 Ngan x:p (logic stack) trong S7-200
Trong cc CPU S7-200 c m,t ngRn xAp g=m 9 bit, chng &1Bc s0
dOng cho cc cu lnh m d7 liu l d.ng bit. Khi viAt ch14ng trnh d.ng STL
th ng1Zi lQp trnh cJn hi'u r v$ ph14ng th?c ho.t &,ng c;a cc bit trong
ngRn xAp. NgRn xAp logic l m,t kh/i g=m 9 bit ch=ng ln nhau. T)t c@ cc
thuQt ton lin quan &An ngRn xAp &$u chH lm vic v3i bit &Ju tin ho>c v3i bit
&Ju v bit th? hai c;a ngRn xAp. Gi trF logic m3i &$u c th' &1Bc g0i (ho>c
&1Bc n/i thm) vo ngRn xAp. Khi ph/i hBp hai bit &Ju tin c;a ngRn xAp, th
ngRn xAp sj &1Bc ko ln m,t bit. NgRn xAp v tn c;a tUng bit trong ngRn
xAp &1Bc bi'u di\n d13i &y:
Stack 0 bit &Ju tin hay bit trn cng c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 1 bit th? hai c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 2 bit th? ba c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 3 bit th? t1 c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 4 bit th? nRm c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 5 bit th? su c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 6 bit th? b@y c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 7 bit th? tm c;a ngRn xAp.
Stack 8 bit th? chn c;a ngRn xAp.
Trong 9 Stack, th Stack 0 l ngRn xAp quan tr]ng nh)t. Gi trF logic c;a n
sj l kAt qu@ c;a php ton logic. Hay ni khc &i, sau m,t php ton logic nhF
phn th kAt qu@ c;a php ton sj &1Bc l1u E Stack 0. NAu gi trF logic E
Stack 0 c gi trF l 0 th kAt qu@ thu &1Bc l 0, t14ng t6 nAu c gi trF l 1
th kAt qu@ thu &1Bc l 1.
Ngoi ra gi trF logic 1 c;a Stack 0 cn l &i$u kin bCt bu,c cho vic thi
hnh &/i v3i m,t s/ lnh.
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
7 Cc php ton logic Chu Ch YGc

96
7.2 Cc php ton logic c6 b8n
Trong phJn ny trnh by cc php ton &/i v3i d7 liu l bit. Tr13c tin
l phJn l thuyAt sau & t3i v dO v ch14ng trnh. CPU s0 dOng trong cc v
dO l lo.i DC/DC/DC (ngu=n cung c)p cho ng vo, ra v CPU l 24Vdc).
V phJn so.n th@o ch14ng trnh & &1Bc trnh by E ch!:ng 6, nn trong
phJn ny khng trnh by l.i. B.n &]c c th' xem m)c 6.4.12 cCa ch!:ng 6
&' th6c hin cho cc v dO E ch14ng ny v cc ch14ng tiAp theo.
Ch14ng ny ch; yAu trnh by v$ cc php ton lin quan &An bit hay
cn g]i l php ton nhF phn. V vQy khi viAt ch14ng trnh, ta chH l)y cc phJn
t0 trong bit logic ( ) c;a cy lnh.
7.2.1 Php ton AND
Php ton AND &1Bc s0 dOng khi c yu cJu &i$u khi'n l tr.ng thi c;a
2 hay nhi$u tn hiu #Dng thKi x@y ra th sj th6c hin m,t nhim vO &i$u khi'n
no &.
V dO 7.1: Dn H1 sj sng nAu &=ng thZi c@ 2 cng tCc S1 v S2 E tr.ng thi
&ng m.ch. Dn tCt khi 1 trong 2 cng tCc hE m.ch.
a)
S1
S2
H1
b)
PLC
S1
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 . . . M
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 . . . L
S2
H1
24V
24V

Hnh 7.1 Lin k8t AND: a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i ng vo/ra PLC
+ LQp b@ng k hiu m t@ tn v &Fa chH c;a biAn (so.n th@o b9ng cch mE
mOc Symbol Table trong phJn m$m so.n th@o):

Hnh 7.2 B>ng k hi'u

97
+ Ch14ng trnh:
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.3 Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac bi+u di`n H 3 d@ng LAD, FBD v STL.
7.2.2 Php ton OR
Php ton OR sj &1Bc s0 dOng khi tr.ng thi c;a m,t trong hai (ho>c
nhi$u) tn hiu thPa mn &i$u kin c;a yu cJu &i$u khi'n th sj th6c hin m,t
nhim vO &i$u khi'n no &.
V dO 7.2: C 2 cng tCc S3 v S4 &$u l th1Zng hE. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh
sao cho nAu m,t trong 2 cng tCc &ng l.i th &n H2 sj sng. Dn tCt khi c@ 2
cng tCc &$u mE.
a) b)
PLC
S3
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 . . . M
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 . . . L
S4
H1
24V
24V

Hnh 7.4 Lin k8t OR: a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i ng vo/ra PLC,

LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.5 B>ng k hi'u v ch!:ng trnh lin k8t OR

98
7.2.3 T( hLp cc c(ng AND v OR
Trong th6c tA, cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n phO thu,c vo m,t tK hBp cc
lin kAt logic AND v OR. Ty theo lin kAt no &?ng tr13c m sj c cc lnh
E STL khc nhau.
7.2.3.1 AND tr#Ic OR
D' th6c hin php OR hai lin kAt AND l.i v3i nhau th trong ch14ng
trnh viAt E d.ng STL ph@i s0 dOng thm lnh OLD.
V dO 7.3:

a) b)
c)ch14ng trnh
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.6 AND tr!9c OR: a) M@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i PLC, c) Ch!:ng trnh
7.2.3.2 OR tr#Ic AND
D' th6c hin php AND hai lin kAt OR l.i v3i nhau th trong ch14ng
trnh viAt E d.ng STL ph@i s0 dOng thm lnh ALD.

99
V dO 7.4:

a) b)
c) Ch14ng trnh
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.7 OR tr!9c AND: a) M@ch #i'n, b) N-i dy v9i PLC, c) Ch!:ng trnh
7.2.4 Php ton XOR
Php ton XOR &1Bc s0 dOng khi c 2 tn hiu m nAu chng c cng
tr.ng thi th ng ra sj xu/ng m?c 0 cn nAu 2 tn hiu ny khc tr.ng thi th
ng ra sj ln m?c 1.
V dO 7.5: m s4 &= hnh 7.8a, mWi m,t nt nh)n &1Bc gCn 2 tiAp &i'm (1NO
v 1NC), khi tc &,ng nt nh)n th c@ 2 tiAp &i'm ny tc &,ng theo. Dn sng
nAu tc &,ng chH m,t trong hai cng tCc S1 ho>c S2.
B>ng k hi'u


100
a)
S1
S2
H1
b)
Hnh 7.8 Lin k8t XOR a) S: #D m@ch #i'n, b) K8t n-i v9i PLC
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.9 Ch!:ng trnh lin k8t XOR
7.3 XH l cc ti:p /i0m, c8m bi:n /#Lc n;i vIi ng vo PLC
M,t v)n &$ quan tr]ng &/i v3i ng1Zi m3i lm quen v3i ch14ng trnh PLC
l vic xc &Fnh &ng tr.ng thi cc lo.i tiAp &i'm &1Bc viAt E LAD. D>c bit l
cc tiAp &i'm ng vo.
Cc c@m biAn, cng tCc ho>c nt nh)n th1Zng c hai d.ng l th!Kng
#ng (NC), ho>c th!Kng hH (NO). V cc ng vo s/ &1Bc n/i v3i cc &/i
t1Bng ny nn cc tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh, ty theo tr1Zng hBp, cang
sj c d.ng t14ng ?ng. Tuy nhin, &' d\ dng phn bit ta khng nn g]i cc
tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh l th1Zng &ng ho>c th1Zng mE. Qui 13c &>t
tn cho cc tiAp &i'm trong ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:
- TiAp &i'm : D1Bc g]i l ti8p #i+m khng #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u
- TiAp &i'm : D1Bc g]i l ti8p #i+m #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u.
D' r h4n tr.ng thi cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo s/ v kAt qu@ x0
l ch14ng trnh trong PLC, ta xem b@ng 7.1.
TU b@ng ny, ta c m,t s/ nhQn xt nh1 sau:
1. Ng vo c logic 1 khi ng vo c #i'n p.
101
2. N8u ng vo #!Ac n-i v9i ti8p #i+m th!Kng #ng (NC), th ng vo H
tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng lun c #i'n (#n LED bo ng vo t!:ng Gng
sng). N chW bU m7t #i'n n8u ti8p #i+m NC bU tc #$ng.
3. N8u ng vo #!Ac n-i v9i ti8p #i+m th!Kng hH (NO), th ng vo H
tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng khng c #i'n (#n LED bo ng vo t!:ng
Gng tEt). N chW c #i'n khi tc #$ng ti8p #i+m NO.
4. N8u s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m khng #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u , th k8t qu>
x[ l trong ch!:ng trnh c cng trEng thi logic v9i ng vo.
5. N8u s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m #>o tr@ng thi tn hi'u , th k8t qu> x[ l
trong ch!:ng trnh c trEng thi logic ng7\c v9i ng vo.
6. Khng #!Ac thay ty ti'n ti8p #i+m th!Kng hH (NO) bPng ti8p #i+m
trong ch!:ng trnh, c4ng nh! ti8p #i+m th!Kng #ng (NC) bPng
ti8p #i+m . M ph>i ch #8n yu c6u cng ngh' #Tt ra.
B1 t7o tn hiGu nh> phn ThDc hiGn trong ch#6ng trnh PLC
Ki0m tra cho tr7ng
thi tn hiGu 1
Ki0m tra cho tr7ng
thi tn hiGu 0

C8m
bi:n,
nt
nh4n
l m1t

C8m
bi:n ,
nt
nh4n
b>
iGn
p t7i
ng
vo
PLC
Tr7ng
thi tn
hiGu t7i
ng
vo
K
hiGu/lGnh
K:t
qu8
ki0m
tra
K
hiGu/lGnh
K:t
qu8
ki0m
tra
tc
&,ng

c 1 1 0
NO

khng
tc
&,ng

khng 0 0 1
tc
&,ng

khng 0 0 1
NC

khng
tc
&,ng

c

1
LAD:

tiAp &i'm
khng &@o

FBD:

STL:
LD Ix.y

1
LAD:

tiAp &i'm
&@o

FBD:

STL:
LDN Ix.y

0
B>ng 7.1 Tr@ng thi cc ti8p #i+m v x[ l trong ch!:ng trnh PLC

102
V dO sau &y sj lm sng tP h4n v$ vic x0 l cc tiAp &i'm n/i v3i ng
vo.
V dO 7.6: Trong 3 m.ch d13i &y (hnh 7.10), &n H1 sj sng khi )n nt
nh)n S1 v khng )n nt nh)n S2.
TU v dO ta nhQn th)y d ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i lo.i nt nh)n no cang
vkn c th' lQp ch14ng trnh &' thPa mn &1Bc yu cJu &>t ra. Tuy nhin vic
s0 dOng cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng mE ho>c th1Zng &ng trong qu trnh &i$u
khi'n phO thu,c vo cc qui tCc an ton.
Cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng lun lun &1Bc s0 dOng cho cng tCc hnh
trnh v cng tCc an ton, &' kh/ng chA s6 nguy hi'm nAu dy &in bF &?t
trong m.ch &in c@m biAn.
Cc tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng cang &1Bc dng &' tCt my v l do t14ng t6
nh1 trn.

Hnh 7.10: V d) x[ l cc lo@i ti8p #i+m.
7.4 V d% "ng d%ng cc lin k:t logic
PhJn ny trnh by m,t s/ v dO ?ng dOng nhP s0 dOng cc lin kAt logic.
m m,t s/ v dO c trnh by m.ch &i$u khi'n thng th1Zng v3i ki'u n/i dy khi
khng dng PLC &' chng ta th)y s6 gi/ng nhau v khc nhau gi7a 2 ki'u
&i$u khi'n.
7.4.1 M7ch tD duy tr #u tin mN my
M.ch &i$u khi'n dng contactor c ch?c nRng nh3 l m.ch t6 duy tr.
Software
E
S1
E
S2 S1 S2 S1
Q0.0
PLC
H1
FBD
STL
LAD
Hardware

I0.0

I0.1

E E
Q0.0
PLC
H1
I0.0

I0.1

E E
Q0.0
PLC
H1
I0.0

I0.1

S2
103
Trong tr1Zng hBp nAu c@ hai nt nh)n mE my S1 v dUng S2 cng tc
&,ng m contactor c &in th l m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my.
B8ng k hiGu
K hiu DFa chH Ch thch
S1 I0.0 Nt nh)n mE my, th1Zng hE (NO)
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n dUng my, th1Zng &ng (NC)
K1 Q0.0 Contactor
a) b)
Hnh 7.11 M@ch !u tin mH my: a) m@ch #i/u khi+n, b) n-i dy PLC
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.12 Ch!:ng trnh m@ch t duy tr !u tin mH my:
7.4.2 M7ch tD duy tr #u tin ddng my
Trong tr1Zng hBp nAu c@ hai nt nh)n mE my S1 v dUng S2 cng tc
&,ng m contactor khng c &in th l m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my.
B8ng k hiGu
K hi'u YUa chW Ch thch
K1 Q0.0 Contactor

104
a) b)
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.13 M@ch !u tin dMng my:
a) m@ch #i/u khi+n, b) n-i dy PLC v ch!:ng trnh
7.4.3 i,u khi0n ON/OFF /1ng c6 c chO bo
M,t &,ng c4 &in 3 pha &1Bc &i$u khi'n b9ng m,t PLC S7-200. Khi nh)n
nt S2 (th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 sj ch.y. Khi nh)n nt S1 (th1Zng &ng) th
&,ng c4 sj dUng l.i. Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng ch.y v dUng &1Bc bo b9ng 2
&n bo H1 v H2.
Cc thiAt bF &,ng l6c g=m c:
- CJu ch 3 pha F1
- CB b@o v &,ng c4 (Motor CB) Q1
- Contactor K1
Khi &i$u khi'n dng PLC th m.ch &,ng l6c vkn gi7 nguyn. PhJn m.ch
&i$u khi'n &1Bc biAn &Ki thnh ch14ng trnh. CJn ch r9ng cc thiAt bF &in
nh1 nt nh)n, CB, &n bo &$u gi7 nguyn khng thay &Ki.
NAu ta s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC th ng ra c;a PLC cJn ph@i
kAt n/i v3i m,t relay trung gian K11 s0 dOng ngu=n 24Vdc. Relay ny &1Bc
dng &' &ng &in cho cu,n dy contactor K1 (hnh 7.15). Ring cc &n bo
ta c th' thay thA b9ng lo.i 24Vdc nh9m tiAt kim relay trung gian.
Ch : C4ng c th+ s[ d)ng lo@i CPU DC/DC/RLY, th ng ra cCa n c
th+ k8t n-i trc ti8p v9i cu$n dy K1. (xem thm ch!:ng 5 v/ n-i dy PLC v9i
ngo@i vi).

105
B8ng k hiGu
K11 Q0.0 Relay trung gian
H1 Q0.1 Dn bo &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng
H2 Q0.2 Dn bo &,ng c4 dUng
a) b)
Hnh 7.14 M@ch ON/OFF #$ng c: dng contactor.
a) M@ch #$ng lc; b) M@ch #i/u khi+n
a) b)
Hnh 7.15: a) S: #D n-i dy PLC b) N-i relay trung gian v9i contactor

106
+ Ch14ng trnh:
Bi'u di\n E STL:

Bi'u di\n E LAD v FBD:
LAD FBD

7.4.4 i,u khi0n /8o chi,u quay /1ng c6
M,t &,ng c4 &in 3 pha cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n &@o chi$u. Khi )n S1
(th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 sj quay ph@i v &n H1 sng bo &,ng c4 &ang quay
ph@i. Khi nh)n nt S2 (th1Zng hE) th &,ng c4 quay tri v &n H2 sng bo
&,ng c4 &ang quay tri. D,ng c4 c th' dUng b)t c? lc no nAu )n nt dUng
S3 (th1Zng &ng) ho>c &,ng c4 x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng lm cho tiAp &i'm c;a
thiAt bF b@o v Q1 tc &,ng (tiAp &i'm 13, 14 c;a Motor CB). Khi &,ng c4
dUng &n bo H3 sng.
T14ng t6 nh1 mOc 7.4.3, ta s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC, ng ra
c;a PLC &i$u khi'n quay ph@i kAt n/i v3i relay trung gian K11, ng ra c;a
PLC &i$u khi'n quay tri kAt n/i v3i relay trung gian K21 s0 dOng ngu=n
24Vdc. Cc relay ny &1Bc dng &' &ng &in cho cu,n dy contactor K1 v
K2 (hnh 7.17). Ring cc &n bo ta c th' thay thA b9ng lo.i 24Vdc nh9m
tiAt kim relay trung gian.
107

13
14
CB
21
22
S1
S2
K1
K2
K1
A1
A2
H1
L1
N
Bo quay
ph@i
Q1
13
14
21
22
S3
K2
K1
K1
A1
A2
43
44
K1
H2
Bo quay
tri
43
44
K2
H3
Bo
dUng
31
32
K1
31
32
K2
Quay ph@i Quay tri

Hnh 7.16 M@ch #$ng lc v #i/u khi+n #>o chi/u quay #$ng c: dng contactor
B8ng k hiGu
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n quay ph@i, th1Zng hE (NO)
S3 I0.2 Nt nh)n quay tri, th1Zng hE (NO)
Q1 I0.3 TiAp &i'm bo qu dng, th1Zng &ng (NC)
K11 Q0.0 Relay trung gian &i$u khi'n quay ph@i
K21 Q0.1 Relay trung gian &i$u khi'n quay tri
H1 Q0.2 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i
H2 Q0.3 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay tri
a)
K11 K21
PLC
24V
24V
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 . . . M
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 . . . L
S2 S1
K11
H1 H2
S3
Q1
K21
H3
b)
Hnh 7.17 a) S: #D n-i dy PLC; b) N-i relay v9i contactor

108
Ch : Trong cc &i$u khi'n c &@o chi$u quay th t.i cc ng ra PLC
&i$u khi'n 2 chi$u quay c;a &,ng c4 ta cJn ph@i n/i thm 2 tiAp &i'm th1Zng
&ng kha cho nhau c;a 2 contactor (ho>c relay) &' &@m b@o an ton.
Ch!:ng trnh PLC:
Bi'u di\n E LAD v STL:

Bi'u di\n E FBD:

109
7.5 Bit nhI M (bit memory)
Trong thiAt kA cc ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n, ta c th' c m,t s/ l1Bng l3n
cc logic &1Bc lin kAt v3i nhau. V dO nh1 m.ch sau:

Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E LAD v STL:

V3i cc lin kAt logic nh1 thA ny th vic tm lWi r)t kh khRn. D' d\ dng
h4n trong lQp trnh v tm lWi, th cc kAt qu@ trung gian sj &1Bc l1u vo m,t
nh3. Trong S7-200 th cc nh3 ny l bit memory (M).
Trong S7-200 c 32 byte nh3 M (tU M0.0 &An M31.7). Chng &1Bc xem
nh1 l cc ng ra trung gian. Khi m)t ngu=n c)p th n,i dung &1Bc nh3 trong
cc bit nh3 M c th' bF m)t ho>c vkn cn gi7 l.i ty thu,c vo vic &>t thu,c
tnh cho vng nh3 ny l retentive (nh3 lu di) hay non-retentive (khng nh3
lu di).
* Bit memory c thu$c tnh Retentive: Cc bit c thu,c tnh ny &$u gi7 l.i gi
trF c;a n khi ngu=n cung c)p bF m)t. Nghâ l nAu tr13c khi bF m)t &in,
nh3 M c gi trF no th n vkn gi7 nguyn gi trF & khi PLC bF m)t &in. Cc
nh3 &1Bc ?ng dOng &' nh3 cc tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng c;a my mc hay thiAt
bF tr13c khi bF m)t &in. m lJn khEi &,ng kA tiAp th cc my mc hay thiAt bF
c th' tiAp tOc lm vic t.i vF tr tr13c lc m)t &in. Vng retentive &1Bc thiAt
lQp b9ng cch nh)p chu,t vo bi'u t1Bng system Block ho>c vo
menu View > Component > System Block. Ch]n mOc Retentive Ranges.
NAu ch]n tho defauls th t)t c@ cc vng nh3 c thu,c tnh retentive &$u theo

110
chu[n c;a nh s@n xu)t. D/i v3i vng nh3 M th bCt &Ju tU byte MB14 &An
MB31. Tuy nhin chng ta vkn c th' &>t l.i theo mu/n (hnh 7.18).
* Bit memory c thu$c tnh non-retentive: Gi trF cc bit ny bF xa khi PLC m)t
ngu=n cung c)p. Theo chu[n nh s@n xu)t th ta c MB0 &An MB13 E thu,c
tnh non-retentive.

Hnh 7.18: Mn hnh thi8t l1p retentive memory.
Khi s0 dOng bit memory (M), ta c th' lm cho ch14ng trnh d\ &]c h4n.
S4 &= m.ch nh1 hnh 7.19.
I0.0
I0.1
I0.1
I0.3
I0.2
I0.1
I0.2
I0.0
I0.4
Q0.0
M0.0
M0.1
M0.2

Hnh 7.19: M@ch logic #!Ac lm cho d` #3c h:n v9i bit memory.
Ch14ng trnh E LAD v STL nh1 sau:

111

STL:

7.6 Cc lGnh SET, RESET v m7ch nhI RS
7.6.1 LGnh SET
Lnh SET (S) l lnh thng dOng r)t th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng v lnh ny
&$u c trong hJu hAt cc PLC. Lnh Set sj &>t tr.ng thi c;a m,t ho>c nhi$u
bit (thu,c vng nh3 V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L) c &Fa chH lin tOc ln m?c 1 v duy
tr E tr.ng thi ny cho &An khi bF xa b9ng m,t lnh khc. Chng ta c th'
Set m,t lJn t/i &a t3i 255 bit. Lnh SET chH &1Bc th6c hin khi Stack 0 c gi
trF logic 1.
C php E STL: S S_Bit, n v E LAD:
V3i S_Bit l bit &Ju tin c;a vng nh3 cJn &>t ln m?c logic 1.
v n l s/ l1Bng bit bCt &Ju tU S_Bit.
V dO: Khi tn hiu t.i I0.0 ln m?c 1 th sj set 3 bit tU Q0.0 &An Q0.2.
Ch14ng trnh E 3 d.ng nh1 sau:
LAD FBD STL

Khi tn hiu t.i I0.0 xu/ng m?c 0 th 3 ng ra Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2 vkn duy tr
E m?c 1.

112
7.6.2 LGnh RESET (R)
Lnh Reset (R) &>t tr.ng thi c;a m,t ho>c nhi$u bit c &Fa chH lin tOc
xu/ng m?c 0. T14ng t6 nh1 lnh Set chng ta c th' Reset t3i 255 bit nh3
thu,c cc vng nh3 V, M, Q, T, C, SM, L. Lnh RESET chH &1Bc th6c hin khi
Stack 0 c gi trF logic 1.
C php E STL: R S_Bit, n v E LAD:
V3i S_Bit l bit &Ju tin c;a vng nh3 cJn &>t xu/ng m?c logic 0.
v n l s/ l1Bng bit bCt &Ju tU S_Bit.
V dO: Khi tn hiu t.i I0.1 ln m?c 1 th sj reset 3 bit tU Q0.0 &An Q0.2 v$
logic 0. Ch14ng trnh E 3 d.ng nh1 sau:
LAD FBD STL

7.6.3 M7ch nhI R-S
M.ch nh3 l m.ch c hai tr.ng thi Kn &Fnh v thng qua tn hiu ng vo
m tr.ng thi c;a n thay &Ki. D/i v3i m.ch &i$u khi'n dng relay v contactor
ta c m.ch t6 duy tr. Cn trong PLC c khu R-S (viAt tCt c;a Reset v Set).
M.ch nh3 R-S l r)t cJn thiAt trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n. N &1Bc xem l
m,t ch?c nRng c4 b@n trong hJu hAt cc lo.i PLC v &1Bc chia thnh hai lo.i
l: au tin SET v !u tin RESET.
7.6.3.1 Yu tin SET (khu SR)
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

v FBD:

NAu c@ hai &i$u kin cho S v R ln m?c logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 1.

V9i:
xxx: YUa chW c6n #i/u khi+n
S1: Ng vo Set. K hi'u !u tin Set.
R: Ng vo Reset.
OUT: Ng ra, c th+ n-i v9i m$t #Ua chW
d@ng bit
SR: K hi'u gAi nh9 khu SR
113
B>ng s th1t
S1 R OUT
0 0 Tr.ng thi tr13c
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
D' l)y khu SR, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u c,ng c;a trong cy
lnh, ch]n phJn t0 SR v ko th@ vo network mong mu/n.
Khu SR t14ng &14ng v3i m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin mE my trong &i$u
khi'n dng contactor.
7.6.3.2 Yu tin RESET (khu RS)
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

v FBD:

NAu c@ hai &i$u kin cho S v R ln m?c logic 1 th ng ra OUT l 0.
B>ng s th1t
S1 R OUT
0 0 Tr.ng thi tr13c
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
D' l)y khu RS, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u c,ng c;a trong cy
lnh, ch]n phJn t0 RS v ko th@ vo network mong mu/n.
Khu RS t14ng &14ng v3i m.ch t6 duy tr 1u tin dUng my trong &i$u
khi'n dng contactor.
V9i:
xxx: YUa chW c6n #i/u khi+n
S: Ng vo Set.
R1: Ng vo Reset. K hi'u !u tin ReSet.
OUT: Ng ra, c th+ n-i v9i m$t #Ua chW d@ng bit
RS: K hi'u gAi nh9 khu RS

114
7.6.4 Cc qui tMc khi sH d%ng Set v Reset
Khi s0 dOng v3i cc lnh S v R trong ch14ng trnh PLC cJn ch cc
qui tEc sau:
- Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc tch cc (logic 1)
#!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh S.
- Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc khng tch cc
(logic 0) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh R.
- Khi vi8t l'nh S cho m$t #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n th nh7t thi8t (ty theo
yu c6u cng ngh') ph>i c m$t l'nh R cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n #.
- N8u l'nh S #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh R th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu>
cCa l'nh R n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 nghNa
l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 0.
- N8u l'nh R #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh S th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l k8t qu>
cCa l'nh S n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H mGc logic 1 nghNa
l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 1.
- Khi # vi8t ch!:ng trnh v9i l'nh S th khng #!Ac s[ d)ng ti8p #i+m
t duy tr (lo@i bB ti8p #i+m t duy tr).
- Ty theo cng ngh' khi s[ d)ng cc #i/u ki'n cho l'nh R th H tr@ng
thi bnh th!Kng cc #i/u ki'n ny ph>i c mGc logic 0.
7.6.5 V d% "ng d%ng m7ch nhI R-S
V dO 7.7 : MEch 7u tin m9 my.
Yu cJu c;a m.ch 1u tin mE my nh1 E mOc 7.4.1, tuy nhin cJn ph@i
s0 dOng m.ch nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh.
Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c
7.4.1
Phn tch: Theo yu cJu c;a m.ch ta c cc nhQn xt sau:
1. Di$u kin &' cho contactor K1 c &in l nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n
nt nh)n S1 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i lnh S.
2. Di$u kin &' cho contactor K1 m)t &in l nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n
nt nh)n S2 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i lnh R.
3. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n S1 v S2 cng )n th contactor c &in s0
dOng m.ch nh3 #u tin SET (khu SR).
4. Tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng c;a nt nh)n S1 l th1Zng hE (logic 0 t.i
ng vo I0.0) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm khng &@o tr.ng
thi tn hiu ( tiAp &i'm ). Cn S2 l th1Zng &ng (logic 1
115
t.i ng vo I0.1) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm &@o tr.ng thi
tn hiu (tiAp &i'm ).
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 sau:
LAD FBD STL

V dO 7.8 : MEch 7u tin d8ng my.
Yu cJu c;a m.ch 1u tin dUng my nh1 E mOc 7.4.2, tuy nhin cJn
ph@i s0 dOng m.ch nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh.
Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c
7.4.2
Phn tch: Theo yu cJu c;a m.ch ta c cc nhQn xt sau:
1. Di$u kin &' cho contactor K1 c &in l nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n nt
nh)n S1 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i lnh S.
2. Di$u kin &' cho contactor K1 m)t &in l nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n
nt nh)n S2 &1Bc s0 dOng v3i lnh R.
3. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n S1 v S2 cng )n th contactor m)t &in s0
dOng m.ch nh3 1u tin RESET (khu RS).
4. Tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng c;a nt nh)n S1 l th1Zng hE (logic 0 t.i
ng vo I0.0) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm khng &@o tr.ng thi
tn hiu ( tiAp &i'm ). Cn S2 l th1Zng &ng (logic 1 t.i ng
vo I0.1) nn khi lQp trnh s0 dOng tiAp &i'm &@o tr.ng thi tn hiu
(tiAp &i'm ).
LAD FBD STL


116
V dO 7.9 : MEch 'Bo chi(u quay 'Sng c:.
D' &4n gi@n v d\ hi'u, v dO ny l)y l.i yu cJu cng ngh c;a m.ch
&i$u khi'n &@o chi$u quay E mOc 7.4.4. Tuy nhin cJn ph@i s0 dOng m.ch
nh3 R-S khi lQp trnh.
Y+ trnh l1p l@i ta s[ d)ng l@i b>ng k hi'u v s: #D n-i dy PLC H m)c 7.4.4.
Phn tch: Theo yu cJu cng ngh ta c cc nhQn xt sau:
1. 3,i vQi contactor K1 (&1Bc &ng &in gin tiAp bEi K11).
- Yi/u ki'n Set (lm cho K1 c #i'n): Nt nh)n S2 &1Bc )n. Tuy
nhin v l do an ton K2 m)t &in m3i &1Bc php mE my nn
ph@i kAt hBp thm &i$u kin K2 m)t &in.
Set K1= 2 K 2 S
- Yi/u ki'n Reset (lm cho K1 m7t #i'n): C 2 kh@ nRng l ho>c
nt nh)n dUng S1 &1Bc )n ho>c tiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng Q1
tc &,ng.
Reset K1= 1 Q 1 S
- V l do an ton, K1 bU m7t #i'n n8u #i/u ki'n SET v RESET cho
n cng H logic 1 s[ d)ng khu SR.
2. 3,i vQi contactor K2 (&1Bc &ng &in gin tiAp bEi K21)
- Yi/u ki'n Set: Nt nh)n S3 &1Bc )n. Tuy nhin v l do an ton
K1 m)t &in m3i &1Bc php mE my nn ph@i kAt hBp thm &i$u
kin K1 m)t &in.
Set K2 = K1 S3
- Yi/u ki'n Reset: C 2 kh@ nRng l ho>c nt nh)n dUng S1 &1Bc
)n ho>c tiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng Q1 tc &,ng.
Reset K2= 1 Q 1 S
- V l do an ton, K2 bU m7t #i'n n8u #i/u ki'n SET v RESET cho
n cng H logic 1 s[ d)ng khu SR.
3. 3,i vQi 'n bo H1.
- Yn sng khi K1 c #i'n v tEt khi K1 m7t #i'n
H1=K1
4. 3,i vQi 'n bo H2
- Yn sng khi K2 c #i'n v tEt khi K2 m7t #i'n.
H2=K2
5. 3,i vQi 'n bo H3
- Yn sng khi c> K1 v K2 m7t #i'n.
K2 K1 H3 =
Theo cc phn tch ta viAt &1Bc ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:
117
FBD

LAD STL


118
7.7 Cc lGnh nh2n bi:t c7nh tn hiGu v lGnh NOT
Cc lnh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hiu v lnh NOT th6c hin cc thuQt ton
&>c bit trn bit &Ju tin c;a ngRn xAp (Stack 0).
7.7.1 LGnh NOT
Lnh NOT &@o gi trF c;a bit &Ju tin trong ngRn xAp (Stack 0). NAu sau
m,t php ton nhF phn m s0 dOng lnh NOT th kAt qu@ sj bF &@o l.i. Nghâ
l nAu kAt qu@ php ton nhF phn lm cho Stack 0 c gi trF logic 1 th lnh
NOT sj cho kAt qu@ l 0, v ng1Bc l.i.
- KAt hBp lnh NOT sau cc cKng logic nh1 OR, AND, XOR ta thu &1Bc
cc cKng NOR, NAND, XNOR.
V d):
- CKng NAND v3i 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l:
LAD FBD STL

- CKng NOR v3i 2 ng vo I0.0 v I0.1 v ng ra Q0.0 l:
LAD FBD STL

7.7.2 Cc lGnh nh2n bi:t c7nh tn hiGu
Hai lnh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hiu l lnh nhQn biAt c.nh ln (EU) v nhQn
biAt c.nh xu/ng (ED).
Lnh nhQn biAt c.nh ln (EU) sj &>t gi trF logic 1 vo bit #6u tin cCa
Stack 0 trong m$t chu kS qut ch!:ng trnh khi pht hi'n s chuy+n tr@ng thi
tM 0 ln 1 trong Stack 0. Cn cc tr1Zng hBp khc n sj &>t Stack 0 v$ 0.
Lnh nhQn biAt c.nh xu/ng (ED) sj &>t gi trF logic 1 vo bit #6u tin cCa
Stack 0 trong m$t chu kS qut ch!:ng trnh khi pht hi'n s chuy+n tr@ng thi tM 1
xu-ng 0 trong Stack 0. Cn cc tr1Zng hBp khc n sj &>t Stack 0 v$ 0.
V d): L)y c.nh ln c;a I0.0 xu)t ra Q0.0, cn c.nh xu/ng xu)t ra Q0.1.

119
LAD FBD STL

Hnh 7.20: Gi>n #D thKi gian cCa v d) l7y c@nh ln v xu-ng cCa tn hi'u.
V dO 7.10: ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &4n gi@n cho bRng t@i s@n ph[m
(hnh 7.21). Khi s@n ph[m A &1Bc vQn chuy'n &An vF tr cJn thao tc th bRng
t@i dUng l.i (&1Bc pht hin bEi c@m biAn CB1). qn nt S1 th bRng t@i tiAp tOc
ho.t &,ng cho &An khi no m,t s@n ph[m &An &ng vF tr th dUng l.i. Qu
trnh c? l>p l.i nh1 trn.

Hnh 7.21: v d) 7.10

Ch14ng trnh nh1 sau:

Phn tch:
- Yi/u ki'n Set b\ng t>i: Nt nh)n S1
- Yi/u ki'n Reset b\ng t>i: C@m biAn CB1.
- S@n ph[m &An c@m biAn CB1 th bRng t@i
dUng l.i, nh1 vQy c@m biAn lun bF tc &,ng.
NAu ta dng 1u tin Reset th khng th' no
khEi &,ng l.i bRng t@i. Cn nAu dng 1u tin
Set th khi no s@n ph[m qua khPi c@m biAn
m3i c th' bung tay th@ nt nh)n S1 Dng
lnh nhQn biAt c.nh tn hiu &' kh/ng chA. V
&' chCc chCn s@n ph[m & qua c@m biAn th
s0 dOng lnh nhQn biAt c.nh xu/ng.

120

LAD FBD STL

7.8 Cc Bit nhI /Kc biGt (Special Memory bits)
Cc bit nh3 SM (Special memory bits) cung c)p nhi$u ch?c nRng tr.ng
thi v &i$u khi'n, cang nh1 cung c)p thng tin truy$n thng gi7a S7-200 v
ch14ng trnh. Cc bit nh3 &>c bit c th' &1Bc s0 dOng E d.ng bits, bytes,
words v double words. Trong phJn ny chH trnh by cc bit tr.ng thi c;a
SMB0. Cn cc bit nh3 SM khc sj &1Bc trnh by E mWi ch14ng t14ng ?ng
trong quy'n sch ny v E quy'n tiAp theo (tQp 2).
SMB0 ch?a tm bit tr.ng thi v &1Bc cQp nhQt E mWi chu k` qut c;a
S7-200. Dy l cc bit nh3 chH &]c.
Bit Ch?c nRng
SM0.0 Bit lun lun c tr.ng thi 1
SM0.1 Bit c tr.ng thi 1 E vng qut &Ju tin c;a ch14ng trnh
SM0.2 Bit bo d7 liu bF th)t l.c (0:d7 liu cn &;, 1: d7 liu bF th)t l.c).
SM0.3 Bit bo PLC &1Bc &ng ngu=n. (1: E vng qut &Ju tin, 0: E cc
vng qut cn l.i).
SM0.4 Bit t.o ra xung c chu k` 1 pht (0: trong 30s &Ju, 1 trong 30s
sau).
SM0.5 Bit tao xung c chu k` 1s (tJn s/ 1 Hz) (0: trong 0,5s &Ju ; 1 trong
0,5 s sau).
SM0.6 Bit ln 1 E m,t vng qut v xu/ng 0 E vng qut tiAp theo. N
&1Bc s0 dOng &' lm ng vo c;a b, &Am vng qut.
SM0.7 Bit bo vF tr c;a cng tCc ch]n chA &, lm vic c;a PLC (0:
TERM, 1: RUN).
V d): Khi c tn hiu s6 c/ (ng vo I0.0 (NC) xu/ng m?c 0) th &n bo s6
c/ (Q0.0) sj nh)p nhy 1 Hz. Nh)n nt I0.1 &' Reset.

121
7.9 Cu hì v bi t2p
Cc bi t1p Gng d)ng gi> s[ dng CPU 224 DC/DC/DC #+ #i/u khi+n.
BT7.1 An ton cho l h6i
M,t thiAt bF l h4i c h4i &i vo v ra
khPi l &1Bc th6c hin t6 &,ng qua b,
&i$u chHnh &>t E bn ngoi. L h4i c &>t 3
b, c@m biAn p su)t P1, P2 v P3 E cc vF
tr khc nhau &' ki'm sot qu p su)t.
M.ch an ton sj ho.t &,ng khi c s6 c/,
tr1Zng hBp p su)t trong l h4i tRng qu
cao th van an ton tU tnh Y1 sj ho.t
&,ng x@ b3t h4i ra ngoi. CJn c t nh)t
b)t k` hai trong ba c@m biAn tc &,ng th
m.ch an ton mE van tU tnh Y1. Hy :
- ViAt ch14ng trnh sao cho nAu c b7t
kS 2 trong 3 c@m biAn tc &,ng th
van Y1 mE.
- Vj s4 &= n/i dy tn hiu phJn c?ng

* B@ng k hiu:

BT7.2 i,u khi0n c6 c4u my d2p
M,t c4 c)u dQp trong m,t my
dQp nguyn liu (v dO dQp ra
cc vP h,p) c th' chuy'n &,ng
nng ln hay h. xu/ng nhZ m,t
&,ng c4 &in M1 quay 2 chi$u.
Y+ #>m b>o an ton cho tay
ng!Ki v1n hnh th chH khi no
ng1Zi vQn hnh dng c@ 2 tay
nh)n &=ng thZi 2 nt nh)n S1
(NO) v S2 (NO) th bn dQp
m3i h. xu/ng. Khi h. xu/ng
&Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i
h.n d13i S3 (NC) th t6 ch.y
nng ln cho t3i khi &Ong cng
tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n trn S4
(NC) th dUng l.i. Chu k` l>p l.i

Hnh 7.23 M hnh my d1p nhB

Hnh 7.22 M hnh l h:i

122
khi no ng1Zi vQn hnh l.i nh)n 2 nt nh)n S1 v S2.
* B@ng k hiu:

Hy :
- ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n
- Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng
BT7.3 Bang t8i chuy0n v2t liGu
M,t thiAt bF bRng t@i dng &' chuy'n vQt liu tU thng ch?a vo xe
gong. Hy viAt ch14ng trnh sao cho: Khi bQt cng tCc khEi &,ng S0 (NO),
th &n H0 sng bo h th/ng sSn sng lm vic. Khi nh)n nt S1 (NO)
&,ng c4 M1 ch.y ko bRng t@i v nguyn liu trong thng ch?a &1Bc vQn
chuy'n theo bRng t@i. Khi nh)n nt dUng S2 (NC) th bRng t@i dUng l.i. Khi
x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng (tiAp &i'm nhit F3 (NC) tc &,ng) th &,ng c4 sj
dUng l.i.
v S4 &= cng ngh:

Hnh 7.24 B\ng t>i chuy+n v1t li'u
* B@ng k hiu:

D,ng c4 M1
123

BT7.4 i,u khi0n c(ng ra vo
M,t cKng E cng ty cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n E 2 chA &, tay v t6 &,ng nhZ
m,t cng tCc ch]n S0 c 2 vF tr :
- b ch8 #$ tay: Nh)n nt mH S1 (NO) th &,ng c4 M1 quay ph@i v
cKng mE ra, nAu th@ tay ra th &,ng c4 dUng l.i. Tuy nhin, nAu cKng
mE ra &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE S3 (NC) th cang dUng
l.i. T14ng t6, nAu nh)n nt #ng S2 (NO) th &,ng c4 M1 quay tri v
cKng &ng l.i, nAu th@ tay ra th &,ng c4 dUng l.i. NAu &Ong cng tCc
hnh trnh gi3i h.n &ng S4 (NC) th cKng cang dUng l.i.
- b ch8 #$ t #$ng: Nh)n nt mE th c0a sj mE cho t3i khi &Ong cng
tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE S3 m3i dUng l.i. Khi nh)n nt &ng, cKng
sj &ng l.i cho t3i khi &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh &ng S4 m3i dUng l.i.
- C th' dUng qu trnh &ng ho>c mE b)t c? lc no nAu nh)n nt
dUng S5 (NC) ho>c &,ng c4 bF qu t@i (tiAp &i'm nhit F3 (NC) tc
&,ng ).
- Trong qu trnh &ng ho>c mE m,t &n bo H1 sj sng ln bo cKng
&ang ho.t &,ng. Hy :
- ViAt 2 ch14ng trnh con: Sub0 cho chA &, tay v Sub1 cho chA &,
t6 &,ng.
- Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng
v S4 &= cng ngh:

Hnh 7.15 Yi/u khi+n cZng

124
v B@ng k hiu:

BT7.5 i,u khi0n xe rt v2t liGu vo bAn ch"a
M,t xe ko dng &' rt vQt liu vo b=n ch?a. Khi bQt cng tCc khEi
&,ng S0 (NO) th &n H0 sng bo h th/ng sSn sng lm vic. Khi nh)n nt
S1 (NO), &,ng c4 M1 c &in ko xe di chuy'n ln, &=ng thZi &n H1 ch3p
sng v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. Khi xe ln t3i vF tr trn cng &Ong ph@i cng tCc hnh
trnh S4 (NC) th dUng l.i. Nh)n nt S2 (NO) &,ng c4 M1 &@o chi$u v ko xe
di chuy'n xe xu/ng, &=ng thZi &n bo H2 ch3p v3i tJn s/ 1Hz. Khi xe &An vF
tr cu/i cng &Ong ph@i cng tCc hnh trnh S3 (NC) th dUng l.i. Khi &,ng c4
M1 c s6 c/ qu dng (tiAp &i'm nhit F3 (NC) tc &,ng) th &,ng c4 sj dUng
l.i) v &n H0 sj ch3p sng v3i tJn s/ 1Hz.. Qu trnh m3i &1Bc khEi &,ng
khi bQt l.i cng tCc S0. Hy:
- ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n
- Vj s4 &= n/i dy phJn c?ng v3i PLC

v B@ng k hiu:

Chu Ch YGc 8 Thi8t k8 theo logic Bool & bi+u #D Karnaugh
125
8 Thi:t k: theo logic Bool & bi0u /A Karnaugh
8.1 GiIi thiGu
Qu trnh chuy'n &Ki m,t mOc tiu &i$u khi'n thnh m,t ch14ng trnh
theo ngn ng7 LAD, FBD hay STL yu cJu ph@i thng qua m,t c)u trc. D.i
s/ BOOL l m,t trong cc cng cO cJn thiAt &' phn tch v thiAt kA nh7ng h
th/ng ny.
8.2 7i s; BOOL
D.i s/ BOOL &1Bc pht tri'n vo nRm 1800 bEi m,t nh ton h]c ng1Zi
Ai-len tn l James Bool. N c6c k` h7u ch trong thiAt kA cc m.ch s/. N
vkn &1Bc s0 dOng nhi$u bEi cc kX s1 &in v tin h]c. Ph14ng php th6c
hin l m hnh h th/ng logic b9ng cc cng th?c ring lo. Cng th?c c th'
l s6 kAt hBp c;a cc AND/OR &4n gi@n thnh cc d.ng m3i. V3i cng
ph14ng php ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA m.ch c th' ?ng dOng cho lQp trnh E LAD.

Hnh 8.1: Cc php ton #@i s- bool v9i b>ng s th1t v cZng logic
AND

B A X =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1

OR

B A X + =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1

NOT

A X =
A X
0
1
1
0

NAND

B A X =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1

NOR

B A X + =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
XOR

B A X =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0

XNOR

B A X =
A B X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1

8 Thi8t k8 theo logic Bool & bi+u #D Karnaugh Chu Ch YGc
126
Cng th?c Boolean bao g=m nhi$u biAn v cc ho.t &,ng gi/ng nh1 cc
cng th?c &.i s/ thng th1Zng. Ba php ton c4 b@n l AND, OR v NOT,
ho>c tK hBp c;a cc php ton c4 b@n l NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR. Cc
php ton v3i b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc cho E hnh 4.1. MWi php ton &1Bc trnh
by bEi m,t cng th?c &4n gi@n v3i hai biAn &1Bc s0 dOng l A v B &' tnh
gi trF X. B@ng s6 thQt l m,t ph14ng php &4n gi@n &' m t@ t)t c@ cc tK
hBp c th' c l cho ng ra E tr.ng thi ON ho>c OFF (1 ho>c 0).
Ch : CKng XOR th1Zng &1Bc chuy'n thnh cc cKng t14ng &14ng nh1
sau:
B A B A B A X + = =
Cc />nh l cJa /7i s; Bool
Tin #/: 1. 0 A A = +
2. A 1 A =
3. 0 A A =
4. 1 A A = +
5. 0 1=
YUnh l: 1. A A A = +
2. A A A =
3. A + 1 = 1
4. 0 0 A =
5. A B A A = +
6. A ) B A ( A = +
7. A A =
8. B A B) (A = +
9. B A B) (A + =
10. ) C B ( A C ) B A ( + + = + +
11. ) C B ( A C ) B A ( =
12. B A B A A + = +
13. B A ) B A ( A = +
14. A B B A + = +
15. A B B A =
16. ) C A ( ) B A ( ) C B ( A + + = +
17. ) C A ( ) B A ( ) C B ( A + = +

DFnh l DeMorgans

127
18. B A C A ) C A ( ) B A ( + = + +
19. C B C A ) C B C A ( + = +
20. ) C B ( ) C A ( ) C B ( ) C A ( + + = + +
V dO: Cho bi'u th?c .( .( ) . ) A B C D E C F C = + + +
Bi'u th?c &.i s/ A &1Bc &4n gi@n theo cc b13c nh1 sau:
) ) ( ( C F C E D C B A + + + =

(5)
(4) (1)
(3) ) 1 (
(2) ) (
(1) ) (
C B A
C B A
F E D C B A
C F C C E C D B A
C F C C C E C D B A
=
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

Ch : Khi &4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool, php tan OR c 1u tin
th)p nn chng &1Bc th6c hin tr13c. Php ton NOT c 1u tin cao nh)t,
nn chng &1Bc &4n gi@n sau. Cch th?c th6c hin c th' minh h]a cho vic
&4n gi@n m,t bi'u th?c &.i s/ nh1 sau:
B A C B A X
B A A A C B A X
B A C A C A B A X
C A B A C A B A X
C B A C B A X
C B A C B A X
C B A C B A X
C B A C B A X
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
) (
) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) (

8.3 Thi:t k: Logic
Cc t1Eng thiAt kA c th' &1Bc chuy'n &Ki tr6c tiAp tU cc bi'u th?c
&.i s/ Bool, ho>c b9ng cc ph14ng php khc (E cc ch14ng sau). Cc bi'u
th?c &.i s/ Bool c th' &1Bc &4n gi@n ho>c sCp xAp l.i v sau & chuy'n
sang s4 &= LAD ho>c FBD hay E ngn ng7 STL.
NAu chng ta m t@ m,t qui trnh &i$u khi'n b9ng lZi, th chng ta
th1Zng c th' chuy'n tr6c tip n thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool nh1 E hnh 8.2
Cc php ton c 1u tin cao
&1Bc &>t trong ngo>c

Mng dOng &Fnh l DeMorgans

BP ngo>c
Ch]n cc s/ h.ng c cng thUa
s/, E &y chH c NOT C

D>t thUa s/ chung

Mng dOng &Fnh l &' &4n gi@n

Mng dOng tiAp &Fnh l DeMorgans

128
v hnh 8.3. Trong v dO, vic m t@ qu trnh &1Bc &1a ra tr13c. Trong cc
?ng dOng th6c tA, &i$u ny c &1Bc nhZ vo cc b, phQn c4 c;a h th/ng.
Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp h th/ng ch1a c, vic th6c hin sj l m,t bi tan
cho ng1Zi thiAt kA. B13c kA tiAp l xc &Fnh b, &i$u khi'n nn lm vic nh1
thA no. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, cc cu lnh &1Bc viAt ra tr13c tin, v sau
& chuy'n &Ki thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool. Bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool c th' &1Bc
chuy'n &Ki theo d.ng mong mu/n. Cng th?c &Ju tin ch?a m,t XOR, n
khng th' bi'u di\n d1Bc E d.ng LAD, nh1 vQy nn chuy'n n thnh d.ng
cc cKng t14ng &14ng s0 dOng AND, OR v NOT.
V dO 8.1: 3i(u khi*n nhiKt 'S l nhiKt
M t> qu trnh:
M,t l nhit c hai c0a c th' c)p nhit cho thPi kim lo.i &c E mWi c0a.
B, pht nhit cung c)p &; nhit cho hai thPi kim lo.i &c. Nh1ng nAu chH c
m,t thPi kim l]ai &c th nhit &, cung c)p trE nn qu nng, &' gi@m nhit &,
th m,t qu.t gi@i nhit cho l sj &1Bc bQt.
M t> #i/u khi+n:
NAu nhit &, qu cao v chH c m,t thPi kim lo.i &c E m,t c0a th bQt qu.t.
Gi8i
B>ng xc #Unh input/output:
B1 I0.0 C@m biAn bo c thPi kim lo.i &c E c0a 1
B2 I0.1 C@m biAn bo c thPi kim lo.i &c E c0a 2
T I0.2 C@m biAn bo qu nhit
F Q0.0 Qu.t gi@i nhit
Bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool:
) B B ( T F
2 1
= (1)
) B B B 1 B ( T F
2 1 2
+ = (2)
T B B T B B F
2 1 2 1
+ = (3)
Ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL (&/i v3i bi'u th?c 2):
LAD STL

LD B1
AN B2
LDN B1
A B2
129
FBD

OLD
A T
= F
Hnh 8.2: Bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool #!Ac thi8t k8 theo ngn ngQ cCa PLC S7-200
Ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL (&/i v3i bi'u th?c 3):
LAD STL

FBD

LD B1
AN B2
A T
LDN B1
A B2
A T
OLD
= F
Hnh 8.3: Bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool #!Ac thi8t k8 theo ngn ngQ cCa PLC S7-200
V dO 8.2: Hy chuy'n s4 &= logic sau &y (hnh 8.4) thnh ch14ng trnh
trong PLC E ngn ng7 LAD, FBD v STL:
Gi8i:
NAu c? gi7 nguyn s4 &= logic th vic chuy'n &Ki ch14ng trnh E LAD
sj g>p nhi$u kh khRn v trong PLC khng th' bi'u di\n &1Bc cKng NAND v
NOR. V vQy &' &4n gi@n h4n, ta s0 dOng ph14ng php biAn &Ki s4 &= thnh
bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool v sau & &4n gi@n bi'u th?c ny.

Hnh 8.4: S: #D logic
130
S4 &= trn &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool v sau & &1Bc
&4n gi@n.
( ) ) ( C A B B +
+ = C B A X
) ( ) ( C A B B C B A X + + + =
C A B X
C A B C A B C A B X
C A B B C A B C C A B B C A B A X
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
0
TU bi'u th?c & &4n gi@n ta &1Bc s4 &= logic sau v bi'u di\n E LAD,
FBD, STL (hnh 8.5).

LAD STL

FBD

LD B
AN A
A C
= X
Hnh 8.5: S: #D logic v ch!:ng trnh trong PLC
Tm l.i, ta sj thu &1Bc cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool tU vic m t@ yu cJu
cng ngh ho>c m,t s4 &= m.ch ho>c m,t s4 &= LAD. Cc bi'u th?c c th'
&1Bc &4n gi@n b9ng cch s0 dOng cc &Fnh l c;a &.i s/ Bool. V sau & tU
bi'u th?c ny ta c th' chuy'n thnh ngn ng7 LAD, FBD hay STL trong
PLC. Khi &4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool ta cJn ch m,t s/ quy tCc c4
b@n sau:
Lo.i bP cc cKng NOT khng cJn thiAt. Thng th1Zng c th' th6c hin
b9ng cch thay thA cc cKng NAND v NOR b9ng m,t bi'u th?c &4n gi@n
h4n s0 dOng &Fnh l DeMorgan.
L]ai bP cc cng th?c ph?c t.p nh1 XOR.
Cc qui tCc ny c th' &1Bc m t@ nh1 v dO sau:
131
V dO 8.3: Cho bi'u th?c &i$u khi'n:
C F ) C E D ( C ( B A + + + =
Bi'u th?c trn c th' &1Bc bi'u di\n E d.ng s4 &= m.ch logic nh1 sau:

Bi'u di\n E LAD:

Hnh 8.6: Minh h3a cc qui tEc #:n gi>n khi chuy+n #Zi bi+u thGc #@i s- Bool
sang LAD
8.3.1 Cc kf thu2t /7i s; Bool
C m,t vi kX thuQt chung &1Bc s0 dOng khi &4n gi@n cng th?c. Cc kX
thuQt ny &1Bc bi'u di\n E hnh 8.7.
C A A C A + = + Ch?ng minh: A C A+

C A
C A
A A C A
+
+
+ +
) )( (
) )( (
1
132
A A AB = + Ch?ng minh: A AB +
1 A AB +

A
A
B A
+
) (
) (
1
1

C B A C B A = + + Ch?ng minh: C B A + +

C B A
C B A
C B A
C B A
+
+ +
) (
) (
) (

Hnh 8.7: Cc k< thu1t #@i s- Bool
8.4 Cc d7ng logic chung
Khi biAt m,t tQp cc d.ng logic &4n gi@n sj cung c)p cho ng1Zi thiAt kA
gi@i quyAt cc chiAn l1Bc &i$u khi'n. Cc d.ng sau &1Bc cung c)p &' s0
dOng tr6c tiAp ho>c t1Eng khi thiAt kA.
8.4.1 D7ng c(ng ph"c
TKng c,ng c 16 lo.i cKng logic khc nhau c 2 ng vo. D.ng &4n gi@n
nh)t l AND v OR, cc cKng khc l cc cKng ph?c. Ba cKng ph?c thng
dOng &1Bc th@o luQn tr13c &y l NAND, NOR v XOR. Cc cKng ny c th'
&1Bc bi'u di\n thnh d.ng &4n gi@n h4n chH v3i cc cKng AND v OR t14ng
?ng E s4 &= LAD trong PLC bi'u di\n E hnh 8.8.
NAND NOR XOR
B A X
B A X
+ =
=

B A X
B A X
=
+ =

B A B A X
B A X
+ =
=

Hnh 8.8: Chuy+n #Zi cc chGc n\ng logic phGc
8.4.2 Multiplexers
133
Multiplexers l s6 &a hBp cc thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t thiAt bF &4n.
N r)t thng dOng trong cc h th/ng &in tho.i. M,t chuy+n m@ch &in tho.i
&1Bc s0 dOng &' xc &Fnh &in tho.i no sj &1Bc kAt n/i.
Hnh 8.9 l m,t b, multiplexer. Ng ra X sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t trong 4
ng vo D1, D2, D3 ho>c D4 ty thu,c vo gi trF c;a cc ng A1 v A2.

Hnh 8.9: M$t Multiplexer
D.ng multiplexer &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD c th' trnh di\n E hnh 8.10.

Hnh 8.10: M$t Multiplexer bi+u di`n H Ladder Logic
8.5 M1t s; v d% thi:t k: /6n gi8n vIi /7i s; bool
Cc tr1Zng hBp sau &y minh h]a cc v)n &$ logic tK hBp khc nhau v
cc gi@i php c th' th6c hin. Hy &]c kX m t@ tr13c khi xem lZi gi@i.
8.5.1 Cc ch"c nang logic c6 b8n
Yu c6u 1: ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh sao cho ng ra D E m?c logic 1 khi cng
tCc A v B &ng l.i ho>c khi cng tCc C &1Bc &ng.
Gi>i quy8t: C ) B A ( D + =
D1

D2 multiplexer
X
D3

D4

A1 A2
A1 A2 X
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
D1
D2
D3
D4

134

Hnh 8.11: Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac vi8t H LAD
Yu cYu 2: ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh sao cho ng ra D E m?c logic 1 khi
nt )n A &1Bc )n, ho>c chH B ho>c chH C &1Bc )n.
Gi>i quy8t: ) C B ( A D + =

Hnh 8.12: Ch!:ng trnh #!Ac vi8t H LAD
8.5.2 HG th;ng an ton xe h6i
Yu c6u: ViAt ch14ng trnh E LAD cho m,t h th/ng an ton c0a xe
h4i/dy an ton chW ng=i. Khi c0a mE, ho>c dy an ton ch1a &1Bc thCt th
vic kho khEi &,ng khng th' th6c hin &1Bc. NAu t)t c@ &1Bc th6c hin th
kha c th' khEi &,ng &1Bc &,ng c4.
Gi>i quy8t:

Hnh 8.13: Ch!:ng trnh h' th-ng an ton xe vi8t H LAD
8.5.3 Quay ph8i/tri /1ng c6
Yu c6u: thiAt kA m,t b, &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 c m,t nt nh)n quay ph@i
v m,t nt nh)n quay tri. Cc ng ra quay ph@i v tri sj chH E 1 khi m,t
trong cc nt nh)n &1Bc )n. Khi c@ hai nt nh)n &1Bc )n th &,ng c4 khng
lm vic.
Gi>i quy8t:
BR BF R
BR BF F
=
=

#y:
F = F'ng c7 quay phCi
R = F'ng c7 quay tri
BF = Nt nh@n quay phCi
BR = Nt nh@n quay tri

135

Hnh 8.14: Ch!:ng trnh quay ph>i, tri vi8t H LAD
8.5.4 C8nh bo tr1m
C@nh bo tr,m cho m,t ngi nh nh1 sau: khi c s6 xm nhQp c;a ko
tr,m th c@nh bo v &n bo &1Bc kch ho.t. C@nh bo ny &1Bc kch ho.t
nAu ko xm nhQp bF pht hin b9ng c@m biAn gCn E c0a sK v m,t b, pht
hin chuy'n &,ng. C@m biAn E c0a sK l lo.i th1Zng &ng, khi c0a sK vL do
ko tr,m xm nhQp th c@m biAn bF ngCt. C@m biAn nhQn biAt chuy'n &,ng
&1Bc thiAt kA &' khi m,t ng1Zi &1Bc pht hin th ng ra sj E m?c 1. Ngoi
ra cn c m,t cng tCc &' kch ho.t/khng kch ho.t c@nh bo. Ho.t &,ng c4
b@n c;a h th/ng c@nh bo, cc ng vo v ra c;a b, &i$u khi'n &1Bc cho E
b@ng sau:
A Q0.0 Dn v c@nh bo, ON=1
W I0.0 C@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh, th1Zng &ng
M I0.1 C@m biAn chuy'n &,ng, th1Zng hE
S I0.2 Cng tCc kch ho.t c@nh bo, ON=1
Ho.t &,ng c4 b@n c;a c@nh bo c th' &1Bc m t@ theo qui tCc:
1. NAu c@nh bo l ON, ki'm tra c@m biAn.
2. NAu c@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh bF ngCt, bQt m thanh c@nh bo v
&n bo sng.
B13c kA tiAp l xc &Fnh cng th?c &i$u khi'n. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny c
3 ng vo khc nhau v 1 ng ra, b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc trnh by E hnh 8.15.
Input Output
S M W A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
Hnh 8.15: B>ng s th1t c>nh bo tr$m
Khng c ko tr,m, tCt c@nh bo
C@nh bo tCt
C ko tr,m, BQt c@nh bo
136
Bi'u th?c Boolean v &4n gi@n &1Bc cho E hnh 8.17 &1Bc viAt tU b@ng
s6 thQt hnh 8.16.
) ( ) ( ) (
)) ( ) ((
) (
) ( ) ( ) (
M W S M S W S A
W M W M W M W M S A
W M W M W M S A
W M S W M S W M S A
+ = + =
+ + + =
+ + =
+ + =

Hnh 8.16: Bi+u thGc Bool v #!Ac thc hi'n v9i LAD
Cng th?c v m.ch cho E hnh trn cang c th' &1Bc &4n gi@n nh1 hnh 8.17.

Hnh 8.17: S: #D m@ch theo bi+u thGc Bool #:n gi>n v #!Ac thc hi'n v9i LAD
8.6 Bi0u /A Karnaugh
8.6.1 GiIi thiGu
B@ng Karnaugh cho php chng ta chuy'n &Ki m,t b@ng s6 thQt thnh
bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n m khng s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool. Trong mOc 8.5.4
c;a ch14ng ny c m,t v dO v$ c@nh bo tr,m. Hnh 8.18 l b@ng s6 thQt
c;a n v3i m,t ng vo bo yn t^nh &1Bc thm vo.
D cho: A, W, M, S nh1 tr13c &y, t?c l:
A Q0.0 Dn v c@nh bo, ON=1
W I0.0 C@m biAn c0a sK/c0a chnh, th1Zng &ng
137
M I0.1 C@m biAn chuy'n &,ng, th1Zng hE
S I0.2 Cng tCc kch ho.t c@nh bo, ON=1
V:
Q = Bo yn t^nh (0 = yn t^nh)
B!9c 1: VR b>ng s th1t
B@ng s6 thQt c;a m.ch c@nh bo tr,m nh1hnh 8.18. Thay v chuy'n &Ki
tr6c tiAp b@ng ny thnh bi'u th?c, th ta &>t vo m,t b@ng &1Bc chH E hnh
8.19. Dng v c,t &1Bc ch]n tU cc biAn ng vo.
Vic quyAt &Fnh cc biAn no s0 dOng cho cc dng ho>c cc c,t c th'
ty v cc b@ng sj trng khc nhau nh1ng vkn sj cho m,t kAt qu@ gi/ng
nhau. D/i v3i cc biAn E c@ hai dng v c,t th &1Bc sCp xAp theo th? t6 chH
gi trF c;a bit s0 dOng NOT. Trnh t6 khng ph@i l nhF phn, nh1ng &1Bc tK
ch?c &' chH c m,t bit thay &Ki t.i m,t thZi &i'm. Nh1 vQy trnh t6 c;a bit l
00, 01, 11, 10. B13c ny r)t quan tr]ng. KA tiAp l &1a cc gi trF l 1 trong
b@ng s6 thQt vo b@ng Karnaugh. Gi trF 0 cang c th' &1Bc &1a vo nh1ng
khng cJn thiAt.
S M W Q A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Hnh 8.18: B>ng s th1t m@ch c>nh bo tr$m
Trong v dO, ba gi trF 1 tU b@ng s6 thQt &1Bc &1a vo trong b@ng.
B!9c 2: Chia cc bi8n vo.
m &y ch]n SQ v MW
B!9c 3: VR b>ng Karnaugh da vo cc bi8n vo

138

) 00 ( W M = ) 01 ( W M =
) 11 ( MW =
) 10 ( W M =
) 00 ( Q S =

) 01 ( Q S =

) 11 ( SQ =
1 1 1
) 10 ( Q S =

Hnh 8.19: B>ng Karnaugh
Khi cc bit &1Bc nhQp vo b@ng Karnaugh sj c m,t vi mku r rng.
Cc mku tiu bi'u ny c phJn no &/i x?ng. Hnh 8.20 c hai mku &1Bc
khoanh trn. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, m,t mku c hai bit &?ng k$ nhau. Mku
th? hai th kh nhn th)y h4n v cc bit n9m E ba bn ph@i v tri c;a c,t.
Sau & cc mku c th' &1Bc chuy'n thnh bi'u th?c Boolean. D' th6c
hin tr13c tin ta quan st cc mku &>t E dng th? ba cho nn bi'u th?c sj
&1Bc AND v3i SQ. KA tiAp l tm bit chung trong hai mku. Ta th)y trong mku
m,t c M chung, mku 2 c W chung. Nh7ng ci ny by giZ c th' tK hBp
thnh cng th?c. Cu/i cng cng th?c &1Bc chuy'n thnh s4 &= LAD.
B!9c 4: Tm ki8m mû trong b>ng

Hnh 8.20: Khoanh mû
B!9c 5: Vi8t thnh cng thGc s[ d)ng cc mû
) W (M Q S A + =
B!9c 6: Chuy+n #Zi cng thGc thnh s: #D LAD

Hnh 8.21: Chuy+n #Zi bi+u thGc thnh s: #D LAD
M l mku chung

T)t c@ trong dng SQ
Wl mku chung
139
B@ng Karnaugh l m,t ph14ng php c th' &1Bc ch]n &' &4n gi@n bi'u
th?c thay cho &.i s/ Bool. N gip cho ng1Zi h]c d\ dng h4n trong vic &4n
gi@n cc bi'u th?c. m v dO trn chH c 4 biAn, nh1 vQy chH c hai biAn E dng
v hai biAn E c,t. NAu c nhi$u biAn h4n vkn c th' s0 dOng. V dO nAu c
nRm biAn ng vo th ta c th' s0 dOng ba biAn cho dng ho>c cho c,t v3i
cc mku l 000, 001, 011, 010, 110, 111, 101, 100. NAu c nhi$u h4n m,t
ng ra, th ta t.o b@ng Karnaugh cho mWi ng ra.
8.7 Cu hì v bi t2p
BT 8.1: CKng logic &1Bc bi'u di\n E ngn ng7 LAD cho E d13i &y l cKng
AND hay OR?

BT 8.2: Vj m,t s4 &= hnh thang v3i ng ra D l 1 khi cng tCc A v cng
tCc B &1Bc &ng ho>c khi cng tCc C &1Bc &ng.
BT 8.3: Vj m,t s4 &= hnh thang v3i ng ra D l 1 khi nt nh)n A &1Bc )n
ho>c B ho>c C &1Bc )n.
BT 8.4:
a) Gi@i thch t.i sao nt nh)n stop ph@i l th1Zng &ng v nt nh)n start
ph@i l th1Zng hE.
b) Xem xt m,t tr1Zng hBp m,t ng vo PLC &1Bc n/i v3i nt nh)n
th1Zng &ng lm nt nh)n stop. TiAp &i'm &1Bc s0 dOng trong ngn ng7
LAD l th1Zng hE nh1 &1Bc cho E d13i. T.i sao c@ hai l khng gi/ng nhau?
(v dO cng l NC ho>c NO)

BT 8.5:. T.o m,t ch14ng trnh &4n gi@n E ngn ng7 LAD theo b@ng s6 thQt
&1Bc cho E d13i v3i ng ra E tr.ng thi ON khi cc nt nh)n t14ng ?ng
&1Bc )n.
140
OUTPUT
INPUT
A B C D E F G H
Ng vo X ON 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
Ng vo Y ON 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Ng vo Z ON 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
BT 8.6: Chuy'n &Ki bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool sau thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn
ng7 LAD &4n gi@n nh)t c th' &1Bc.
) B A A ( A X + =
BT 8.7: D4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c sau:
a) ) AB B ( A + b) ) AB B ( A +
c) ) AB B ( A + d) ) AB B ( A +
BT 8.8: D4n gi@n cc bi'u th?c sau:
a) ) B A ( ) B A ( + +
b) D C AB D ABC BCD A ABCD + + +
BT 8.9: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c Boolean sau:
) C B C B ( C ) ) A B ( ) B A (( + + + +
BT 8.10: Cho bi'u th?c Boolean
) B C ( C B A X + + =
a) Vj s4 &= m.ch s/
b) s4 &= hnh thang (khng t/i gi@n),
c) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c.
BT 8.11: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c &.i s/ Boolean sau v viAt ch14ng trnh
E ngn ng7 LAD t14ng ?ng.
D ) CD B A BCD A D C AB D C AB ( Y + + + + =
BT 8.12: Cho bi'u th?c &.i s/ sau:
141
ABCD ) C A D B C A ( B A X + + + + =
a) ViAt thnh s4 &= logic khi ch1a &4n gi@n bi'u th?c.
b) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c.
c) ViAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD theo bi'u th?c & &4n gi@n.
BT 8.13: Cho b@ng s6 thQt sau
a)ChH ra tK hBp no cho kAt qu@ l 1.
b) ViAt kAt qu@ E a) thnh bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool.
c) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c Bool E b)
A B C D K:t qu8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
BT 8.14: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c sau thnh &4n gi@n nh)t v viAt thnh ch14ng
trnh E ngn ng7 LAD.
( )

+ + + = C B A C B A A C Y
BT 8.15: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c sau s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool v viAt thnh ch14ng
trnh E ngn ng7 LAD t14ng ?ng.
) C E D C ( ) A B A ( X + + + + =
BT 8.16: Chuy'n &Ki ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n E LAD sau thnh bi'u th?c &.i
s/. Sau & &4n gi@n n v chuy'n l.i E ngn ng7 LAD.
142

BT 8.17: Cho s4 &= m.ch logic nh1 hnh vj
a) ViAt thnh bi'u th?c E m.ch logic & cho.
b) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c ny.
c) Vj l.i s4 &= m.ch &4n gi@n h4n theo cu b).

BT 8.18: Cho m,t h th/ng &1Bc m t@ theo bi'u th?c sau:
) E D ( B A ) C ) C A ( B ( A X + + + + + =
a) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool.
b) Th6c hin s4 &= m.ch s/ theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v bi'u th?c & &1Bc
&4n gi@n E cu a).
c) ViAt thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v
bi'u th?c & &1Bc &4n gi@n E cu a)
BT 8.19: D4n gi@n bi'u th?c & cho v sau & viAt thnh ch14ng trnh E
ngn ng7 LAD v s4 &= m.ch s/ theo bi'u th?c ban &Ju v bi'u th?c & &4n
gi@n.
) D C ( B A ) C B ( ) D C B ( A + + + + + +
BT 8.20: LQp b@ng Karnaugh theo b@ng s6 thQt d13i &y.

143
A B C D K:t qu8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
BT 8.21: S0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh &' &4n gi@n b@ng s6 thQt sau v viAt
thnh ch14ng trnh E ngn ng7 LAD.

A B C D X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

144
BT 8.22: ViAt ra bi'u th?c &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh &1Bc cho
d13i &y

CD
D C D C D C
AB
1 0 0 1
B A
0 0 0 0
B A
0 0 0 0
B A
0 1 1 0
BT 8.23: Cho b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.23 v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh PLC E
ngn ng7 LAD v3i s6 trB gip b9ng kX thuQt &4n gi@n bi'u th?c l b@ng
Karnaugh hay &.i s/ Bool.
BT 8.24: Ki'm tra b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.24 v viAt thnh ch14ng trnh
PLC E ngn ng7 LAD s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh.
BT 8.26: Cho b@ng s6 thQt E hnh BT 8.25 v3i cc ng vo A, B, C v D v
ng ra X. Chuy'n n thnh ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh.
BT 8.25: Tm bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh &1Bc
cho E hnh BT 8.26 m khng s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool. ViAt ch14ng trnh E LAD.

A B C D X Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1

A B C D X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Hnh BT 8.23 Hnh BT 8.24
145

A B C D X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A B C D Z
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
Hnh BT 8.25 Hnh BT 8.27

Hnh BT 8.26
BT 8.27: Cho b@ng s6 thQt nh1 hnh BT 8.27
a) Tm bi'u th?c &.i s/ Bool s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh.
b) Vj s4 &= LAD s0 dOng b@ng s6 thQt (khng ph@i bi'u th?c Boolean).
BT 8.28: Chuy'n &Ki s4 &= LAD sau thnh b@ng Karnaugh.

146
BT 8.29:
a) Xy d6ng b@ng s6 thQt cho cc v)n &$ sau &y:
i) C 3 nt nh)n A, B, C.
ii) Ng ra l 1 nAu b)t k` hai nt nh)n no &1Bc )n.
iii) NAu C &1Bc )n th ng ra sj lun lun 1.
b) ViAt thnh bi'u th?c Bool.
c) ViAt thnh bi'u th?c Boolean s0 dOng b@ng Karnaugh.
BT 8.30: ViAt ra bi'u th?c Boolean &4n gi@n nh)t &/i v3i b@ng Karnaugh
d13i &y
a) B9ng &= thF.
b) B9ng &.i s/ Boolean.

B A B A
AB
B A
CD 1 1
D C
1 1
D C

D C
1 1

BT 8.31: Xem xt bi'u th?c boolean sau:
) D C D C CD ( A ) A B A ( X + + + + =
a) Bi'u th?c Boolean ny c th' &1Bc chuy'n tr6c tiAp thnh LAD. Gi@i
thch nAu cJn thiAt, th6c hin b)t k` cc thay &Ki &1Bc yu cJu &' c
th' chuy'n thnh LAD.
b) ViAt ra E LAD, d6a vo kAt qu@ E b13c a).
c) D4n gi@n bi'u th?c s0 dOng &.i s/ Bool v viAt ra LAD m3i.
d) ViAt b@ng Karnaugh &/i v3i bi'u th?c Boolean, v cho biAt n c th'
&1Bc s0 dOng &' thu &1Bc bi'u th?c Bool &4n gi@n nh1 thA no.
Chu Ch YGc 9 B$ #Unh thKi (Timer)

147
9 B1 />nh thBi (Timer)
9.1 GiIi thiGu
B, &Fnh thZi &1Bc s0 dOng trong cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n cJn tr hon v$
thZi gian. Dy l phJn t0 ch?c nRng c4 b@n c;a cc b, PLC v r)t th1Zng
&1Bc s0 dOng trong cc ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. Chpng h.n nh1 m,t bRng
t@i khi c tn hiu ho.t &,ng sj ch.y trong 10s r=i dUng l.i, m,t van kh nn
cJn c &in trong 5s, nguyn liu cJn tr,n trong thZi gian 10 phtCc PLC
S7-200 c 256 Timer c &Fa chH tU T0 &An T255, chia lm 3 lo.i (xem thm
ch!:ng 4 B$ #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC S7-200) :
+ Timer &ng m.ch chQm TON (On-delay Timer).
+ Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR (Retentive On-delay Timer).
+ Timer ngCt m.ch chQm TOF (Off-delay Timer).
Khi s0 dOng m,t timer chng ta cJn ph@i xc &Fnh cc thng s/ sau:
- Lo.i timer (TON, TONR hay TOF)
- D, phn gi@i c;a Timer. C 3 &, phn gi@i l: 1ms, 10ms v 100ms
- S/ c;a timer sj s0 dOng, v dO T0, T37..cJn tra b@ng &' biAt lo.i timer
s0 dOng t14ng ?ng v3i cc s/ no.
- Khai bo h9ng s/ thZi gian t14ng ?ng v3i thZi gian cJn tr hon d6a
vo &, phn gi@i c;a timer.
- Tn hiu cho php bCt &Ju tnh thZi gian.
K hiu chung c;a Timer S7-200 bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
V3i:
Txxx: K hiu v s/ th? t6 c;a timer, v dO: T37
IN: Ng vo bit, cho php timer ho.t &,ng
PT: Ng vo s/ Integer, h9ng s/ thZi gian.
T_typ: Cho biAt lo.i Timer. C th' l TON, TONR hay TOF
???ms: Bo &, phn gi@i c;a timer, t6 &,ng xu)t hin
theo Txxx.
ThBi gian tr hon = [PT] x [???ms].

V dO ta c
9 B$ #Unh thKi (Timer) Chu Ch YGc
148

Dy l lo.i On-delay timer, c tn g]i l T37, c &, phn
gi@i l 100ms. ThZi gian tr hon l : 10 x 100ms = 1s.

9.2 Timer /ng m7ch ch2m TON
Cc Timer ny #!Ac s[ d)ng khi c cc yu c6u tr hon m$t kho>ng thKi
gian. Gi trU hi'n hnh cCa TON bU xa khi ng vo IN H logic 0.
On-Delay Timer (TON) th6c hin &Am thZi gian khi ng vo IN E m?c
logic 1. Khi gi trF hin hnh (Txxx) l3n h4n ho>c b9ng thZi gian &>t tr13c PT
(preset time), th Timer Bit E logic 1. Gi trF hin hnh c;a TON bF xa khi
ng vo IN E logic 0. Timer tiAp tOc &Am d & &.t &An gi trF &>t PT, v
dUng l.i khi &Am &An gi trF max. 32767.
D' xa timer, c th' s0 dOng lnh Reset (R). Lnh Reset sj lm cho
Timer Bit E m?c logic 0 v gi trF hin hnh c;a timer (Timer Current) =0.
C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i
nh1 E b@ng sau:
S/ Timer D, phn gi@i ThZi gian tr hon t/i &a
T32, T96 1ms 32,767s
T33 T36, T97 T100 10ms 327,67s
T37 T63, T101 T255 100ms 3276,7s
Ch : V TON v TOF s0 dOng cng s/ timer, nn khng th' &>t cho c@ hai
c cng s/ Timer. V dO & &>t TON l T37 th khng &1Bc &>t TOF l T37.
V d): BQt cng tCc I0.0 (NO) th sau 5s ng ra Q0.0 ln m?c 1.

Dng Timer T40, &,
phn gi@i 100ms,
h9ng s/ thZi gian 50.
ThZi gian tr hon =
50x100ms=5s

TiAp &i'm T40 &ng
l.i sau 5s.


149
Gi@n &= thZi gian:

Qua gi@n &= trn ta nhQn th)y &' timer TON tr hon &1Bc hAt thZi gian
&>t tr13c (v dO 5s) th tr.ng thi tn hiu t.i ng vo IN cJn &1Bc duy tr E
m?c 1 trong su/t kho@ng thZi gian ny. NAu sau 5s m ng vo IN vkn duy tr
E m?c 1 th gi trF h9ng s/ thZi gian trong timer sj tiAp tOc tRng cho t3i khi &.t
gi trF t/i &a l 32767.
D' l)y TON, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong
cy lnh. Sau & trP chu,t vo gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr
mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TON, &i$u kin cho ng vo IN v gi trF E PT
theo mong mu/n.
9.3 Timer /ng m7ch ch2m c nhI TONR
Cc Timer ny #!Ac s[ d)ng khi c6n tch l4y m$t s- kho>ng thKi gian rKi
r@c. Gi trU hi'n hnh TONR chW c th+ bU xa bPng l'nh Reset (R).
Timer &ng m.ch chQm c nh3 TONR (Retentive On-Delay Timer) th6c
hin &Am thZi gian khi ng vo IN E m?c logic 1. Khi gi trF hin hnh (Txxx)
l3n h4n ho>c b9ng thZi gian &>t tr13c PT (preset time), th Timer Bit E logic
1. Gi trF hin hnh c;a TONR &1Bc gi7 l.i khi ng vo IN E logic 0. TONR
&1Bc s0 dOng &' tch lay thZi gian cho nhi$u chu k` ng vo IN E m?c 1.
Timer ny vkn tiAp tOc &Am sau khi & &.t &An gi trF &>t tr13c v dUng l.i E
gi trF max. 32767.
D' xa gi trF hin hnh c;a TONR v Timer Bit, ta s0 dOng lnh Reset (R).
C 64 timer TONR trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i nh1
E b@ng sau:

T0, T64 1 ms 32,767 s
T1 T4, T65 T68 10 ms 327,67 s
T5 T31, T69 T95 100 ms 3276,7 s
V d): Xt &o.n ch14ng trnh
150

Tn hiu I0.0 kch ho.t timer
TONR T1 c &, phn gi@i 10ms
(thZi gian = 100 x 10ms = 1s)

Sau 1 s ng ra Q0.0 ln m?c 1

Tn hiu I0.1 Reset timer T1
Gi@n &= thZi gian:
I0.0
100
60
T1
Q0.0
I0.1(Reset)
40
60

D' l)y TONR, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong
mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TONR, &i$u kin cho ng vo IN v gi trF E
PT theo mong mu/n.
9.4 Timer mN m7ch ch2m TOF
S[ d)ng timer ny khi c6n tr hon thm m$t kho>ng thKi gian rDi m9i tEt
ng ra k+ tM khi tn hi'u ng vo IN xu-ng 0. Timer TOF chW thc hi'n #8m
thKi gian khi IN chuy+n tM 1 xu-ng 0.
Khi ng vo IN c;a Off-Delay Timer (TOF) E logic 1, th Timer Bit ngay
lQp t?c &1Bc &>t ln m?c logic 1 v gi trF hin hnh &1Bc xa v$ 0. Khi ng

151
vo IN xu/ng 0, th timer &Am cho &An khi thZi gian tri qua &.t &An gi trF
thZi gian &>t tr13c. Khi &.t &An gi trF &>t tr13c, Timer Bit &1Bc &>t v$ 0 v
gi trF hin hnh dUng &Am. NAu ng vo IN E 0 trong kho@ng thZi gian ngCn
h4n gi trF &>t tr13c, th Timer Bit gi7 E 1.
D' xa timer, c th' s0 dOng lnh Reset (R). Lnh Reset sj lm cho
Timer Bit E m?c logic 0 v gi trF hin hnh c;a timer (Timer Current) =0.
C 192 timer TON/TOF trong S7-200 &1Bc phn chia theo &, phn gi@i
nh1 E b@ng sau:
T32, T96 1ms 32,767s
T33 T36, T97 T100 10ms 327,67s
T37 T63, T101 T255 100ms 3276,7s
Ch : V TON v TOF s0 dOng cng s/ timer, nn khng th' &>t cho c@ hai
c cng s/ Timer. V dO & &>t TON l T37 th khng &1Bc &>t TOF l T37.
V d): Xt &o.n ch14ng trnh

I0.0 chuy'n tr.ng thi tU m?c 1
xu/ng m?c 0 sj kch ho.t timer off
delay tnh giZ.
ThZi gian = 10 x 100ms = 1s

Sau 1s k' tU khi tn hiu t.i I0.0
chuy'n tU 1 xu/ng 0 ng ra Q0.0 sj
xu/ng m?c 0
Gi@n &= thZi gian:

D' l)y TOF, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong
mong mu/n. NhQp s/ Timer cho TOF, &i$u kin cho ng vo IN v gi trF E PT
theo mong mu/n.
152
9.5 _ng d%ng Timer
9.5.1 T7o xung c t@n s; theo mong mu;n
ViAt ch14ng trnh t.o xung theo mong mu/n &' s0 dOng vo cc mOc
&ch khc nhau theo gi@n &= xung sau:

D' th6c hin, s0 dOng 2 timer TON kha cho nhau. Ty thu,c vo xung
cJn l)y c thZi gian t
on
v t
off
l bao nhiu m ta c th' ch]n s/ timer TON ph
hBp. Trong ?ng dOng ny, ch]n T254 v T255 lm timer t.o xung v thZi gian
th ty theo ng1Zi s0 dOng mong mu/n cho vo gi trF t
on
v t
off
E ng PT c;a
timer (ch thZi gian = [PT]x100ms). Xung &1Bc l1u E bit M10.7.
Ch14ng trnh:

LAD FBD STL

9.5.2 T7o Timer xung v timer xung c nhI
9.5.2.1 Timer xung (Pulse timer)
Timer xung sj cho ng ra l m,t xung khi tn hiu vo E m?c logic 1 c
thZi gian l3n h4n hay b9ng thZi gian &>t E timer xung. D' d\ hnh dung xem
gi@n &= thZi gian c;a ch14ng trnh t.o timer xung v3i ng ra timer l Q0.0,
ng vo tn hiu l I0.0, thZi gian xung l 5s nh1 sau:


153
LAD STL

9.5.2.2 Timer xung c nhI (Extended Pulse timer)
Timer xung sj cho ng ra l m,t xung khi c m,t xung tn hiu vo. D' d\
hnh dung xem gi@n &= thZi gian c;a ch14ng trnh t.o timer xung v3i ng ra
timer l Q0.1, ng vo tn hiu l I0.1, thZi gian xung l 5s nh1 sau:

Ch14ng trnh:
LAD STL

154

9.5.3 8o chi,u quay /1ng c6 c kh;ng ch: thBi gian
M tB hoEt 'Sng
M,t &,ng c4 &in 3 pha c th' &@o chi$u quay. Khi )n nt nh)n quay
ph@i S1 (NO) th &,ng c4 quay ph@i, &n H1 sng bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i.
Khi )n nt nh)n quay tri S2 (NO) th &,ng c4 quay tri, &n H2 sng bo
&,ng c4 quay tri. D,ng c4 c th' dUng b)t c? lc no nAu )n nt nh)n dUng
S3 (NC) ho>c x@y ra s6 c/ qu dng lm cho tiAp &i'm (NC) c;a thiAt bF b@o
v Q1 (motor CB) tc &,ng. Khi dUng th &n bo H0 sng.
Vic &@o chi$u quay khng th' th6c hin &1Bc sau khi nt dUng S3
&1Bc )n v ch1a hAt 5s chZ cho &,ng c4 dUng hpn. Dn bo chZ &Bi H3 sj
ch3p tCt v3i tJn s/ 1Hz trong thZi gian chZ &,ng c4 dUng hpn.
S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc v n,i dy vQi PLC:
m ch14ng 7, ta & s0 dOng PLC S7-200 lo.i DC/DC/DC. m ch14ng ny
&' gip b.n &]c lm quen v3i nhi$u lo.i ng ra, S7-200 &1Bc s0 dOng l lo.i
AC/DC/RLY (Xem thm ch14ng 5).
Do ng ra c;a PLC l lo.i relay nn ta c th' n/i tr6c tiAp ng ra v3i cu,n
dy c;a contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4, tuy nhin cJn ch &An m.ch an ton
cho cc ng ra.

Hnh 9.1 M@ch #$ng lc v n-i dy vo/ra PLC AC/DC/Relay v9i ngo@i vi

155
BBng xc '<nh vo/ra (B>ng k hi'u)
S1 I0.0 Nt nh)n quay ph@i, NO
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n quay tri, NO
S3 I0.2 Nt nh)n dUng, NC
Q1 I0.3 TiAp &i'm motor CB b@o v qu t@i, NC
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n quay ph@i
K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n quay tri
H1 Q0.3 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay ph@i
H2 Q0.4 Dn bo &,ng c4 quay tri
H3 Q0.5 Dn bo chZ &' &@o chi$u
Phn tch:
- Trong cc bi ton &i$u khi'n &,ng c4, ta cJn ph@i ch xem, nAu c
s6 c/ x@y ra v3i cc nt nh)n c lm cho &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng khng
theo mong mu/n hay khng. D' &$ phng tr1Zng hBp ny x@y ra,
ng1Zi lQp trnh ph@i t.o ra m,t kha.
D/i v3i m.ch &@o chi$u quay, c kh/ng chA thZi gian dUng (E &y l
5s) th kha sj kh/ng chA khng cho &,ng c4 khEi &,ng khng theo
mong mu/n cang nh1 sai chi$u quay. NAu kha ch1a &1Bc xa v$ 0,
th khng th' khEi &,ng hay &@o chi$u &,ng c4 &1Bc. Trong bi ton
ny, kha xa v$ 0 khi c@ 2 nt nh)n S1 v S2 khng &1Bc tc
&,ng (E tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng), ho>c thZi gian chZ dUng & hAt.
Kha &1Bc ch]n l M2.0
- Khi nt nh)n dUng S3 &1Bc )n, &,ng c4 dUng v ph@i &Bi trong thZi
gian 5s m3i dUng hpn, nn ta cJn nh3 l.i tr.ng thi ny trong thZi
gian 5s &' lm &i$u kin SET cho kha M2.0. Ch]n memory bit M2.3.
- D' &Fnh thZi 5s, s0 dOng Timer TON. Ch]n timer T33
Ch7:ng trnh 9 LAD:

156


157
9.5.4 Chi:u sng Garage
M tB hoEt 'Sng
Dn tr13c c0a Garage khng &1Bc tCt ngay lQp t?c khi )n cng tCc, m n
vkn cn sng thm m,t kho@ng thZi gian n7a (kho@ng 1 pht) &' cho ng1Zi
&i.
BBng xc '<nh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc
H1 Q0.0 Dn chiAu sng Garage
N,i dy PLC:
AC/DC/RLY
24V
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 1M N L1
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 1L 2L
S1
H0
AC
S7-200
AC

Ch7:ng trnh
LAD FBD

STL

158
9.5.5 Thi:t b> rt ch4t l`ng vo thng ch"a
S: '/ cng nghK

Hnh 9.2: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU rt.
M tB hoEt 'Sng
Khi bQt cng tCc S1 th thng tU kho ch?a thng rWng sj &1Bc &1a vo
bRng t@i, v bRng t@i vQn chuy'n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi m,t thng rWng &An
d13i b=n ch?a (&1Bc nhQn biAt bEi c@m biAn S2) th bRng t@i dUng. Van
Y1 mE rt ch)t lPng trong b=n vo thng. Sau thZi gian 5s th thng ch?a
&Jy. Van Y1 &ng l.i, m,t thng rWng sj &1Bc &1a vo bRng t@i v bRng t@i
tiAp tOc di chuy'n cho &An khi no thng &An d13i b=n ch?a th dUng l.i. Qu
trnh c? l>p l.i. NAu ch)t lPng trong b=n ch?a hAt th ci H1 sj bo v3i tJn
s/ 1Hz. NAu thng ch?a trong kho hAt th bRng t@i cang t6 &,ng dUng sau
thZi gian 15s k' tU thng cu/i cng &1Bc rt &Jy.
Ch : Y2 l m,t solenoid &1Bc s0 dOng &' ch>n thng trong kho. D' thng
r3t vo bRng t@i chH cJn solenoid c &in trong thZi gian 100ms.
BBng xc '<nh vo/ra (B>ng k hi'u)
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc ON/OFF thiAt bF rt
S2 I0.1 C@m biAn bo thng &ng vF tr, (NO)
S3 I0.2 C@m biAn bo b=n rWng, b=n rWng =0
Y1 Q0.0 Van x@ ch)t lPng vo thng ch?a
Y2 Q0.1 D>t thng ch?a ln bRng t@i
K1 Q0.2 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M ko bRng t@i
H1 Q0.3 Ci bo b=n ch?a rWng


159
S: '/ n,i dy vQi PLC

Ch7:ng trnh 9 LAD

160

Ch7:ng trnh 9 STL


161

9.6 Cu hì v bi t2p
BT9.1 n hnh lang hoKc /n c@u thang c />nh thBi.
Trn t1Zng c;a cc hnh lang chung c1, tr13c mWi c0a cRn h, c gCn
m,t nt nh)n (gi@ s0 hnh lang c 6 cRn h, t14ng ?ng 6 nt )n tU S1 &An
S6) . Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n th &n chiAu sng hnh lang (g=m c 6 &n H1
&An H6) sj sng trong thZi gian 1 pht r=i sau & t6 &,ng tCt. NAu trong thZi
gian 1 pht m c m,t nt nh)n no & &1Bc )n tiAp tOc th &n sj sng thm
1 pht n7a k' tU lc )n sau cng. Yu cJu:
1. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra
2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy vo/ra v ngu=n c)p cho PLC S7-200 AC/DC/RLY.
3. ViAt ch14ng trnh v sau & n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra.
BT9.2 T7o OFF-delay Timer
TU m,t ON-delay timer, hy viAt ch14ng trnh t.o OFF-delay timer theo
s4 &= E mOc 9.4.
BT9.3 i,u khi0n n v Qu7t ht
Trong m,t phng v sinh c trang bF m,t &n chiAu sng v m,t qu.t ht
kh. Khi vo phng, bQt cng tCc ln vF tr ON th &n sng. NAu E trong
phng lu h4n thZi gian 3 pht th qu.t ht t6 &,ng ho.t &,ng. Khi ra khPi
phng bQt cng tCc v$ vF tr OFF th &n tCt. NAu qu.t ht & ho.t &,ng th
sau khi &n tCt kho@ng 5 pht n m3i t6 &,ng dUng. Yu cJu:
2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC v3i ngo.i vi
162
2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra
BT9.4 i,u khi0n b6m n#Ic
M,t b=n ch?a n13c &1Bc lm &Jy
bEi m,t b4m M. B4m ny c hai chA
&, ho.t &,ng:
* Ch8 #$ tay:
D>t cng tCc ch]n chA &, S1 E vF
tr Manu. Dn H1 sng bo chA
&, tay. m chA &, tay, b4m chH c
th' ho.t &,ng nAu )n nt nh)n S1
ON (NO). B4m sj t6 &,ng tCt nAu
)n nt nh)n S2 OFF (NC) ho>c
n13c trong b=n &.t &An gi trF max
(&1Bc pht hin bEi c@m biAn S5).

Hnh 9.3 S: #D cng ngh' #i/u khi+n b:m
* Ch8 #$ t #$ng:
Khi &>t cng tCc S1 v$ vF tr Auto, th b4m n13c ho.t &,ng t6 &,ng.
NAu n13c xu/ng d13i m?c min (pht hin bEi c@m biAn S4) th b4m sj
&1Bc &ng &in bEi contactor K1. Khi n13c trong b=n ln &An vF tr max th
contactor m)t &in v &,ng c4 b4m n13c dUng. m chA &, t6 &,ng th &n H1
tCt.
Nh9m lo.i trU s6 sng snh c;a m>t n13c khi b4m lm cho c@m biAn
bo m6c n13c E vF tr max khng chnh xc, th &,ng c4 b4m n13c cJn ph@i
ko di thZi gian ho.t &,ng thm 1s n7a r=i m3i dUng hpn cho c@ hai tr1Zng
hBp Manual v Auto.
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc ch]n chA &,, 0: Auto; 1: Manual
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n mE my b4m n13c E chA &, Manual, NO
S3 I0.2 Nt nh)n dUng b4m n13c E chA &, tay, NC
S4 I0.3 C@m biAn bo b=n n13c E min, NC
S5 I0.4 C@m biAn bo b=n n13c E max, NC
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 b4m n13c
H1 Q0.1 Dn bo chA &, Manual.
Yu cJu:
1. Vj s4 &= m.ch &,ng l6c n/i contactor v3i &,ng c4 b4m n13c 3pha
M
Auto Manu
ON OFF
H1
max
min

163
3. Vj s4 &= n/i dy PLC
4. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra.
BT9.5 i,u khi0n cHa l
M,t c0a l c ch?c nRng mE, &ng v E vF tr b)t k` &1Bc &i$u khi'n
bEi m,t cylinder. m vF tr bnh th1Zng th c0a l &1Bc &ng.
- Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n S1 (NO) th c0a l mE ra v khi &An cng tCc
hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE c0a S4 (NC) th dUng l.i.
- NAu c0a & mE ra E vF tr gi3i h.n mE c0a S4 th sj t6 &,ng &ng l.i
sau thZi gian 6s ho>c nt nh)n &ng c0a S2 (NO) &1Bc )n.
- Khi &An gi3i h.n c0a &ng S5 (NC) th vic &ng c0a kAt thc.
- Qu trnh &ng c0a dUng ngay lQp t?c nAu c@m biAn L1 (NO) bF tc
&,ng. Nh1ng nAu c@m biAn quang khng bF tc &,ng th qu trnh
&ng c0a vkn tiAp tOc.
- Khi c0a l &ang dFch chuy'n c th' dUng b9ng cch )n nt dUng S3
(NC).
S4 &= cng ngh

Hnh 9.4 Yi/u khi+n c[a l bPng kh nn v9i van 5/3.
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 Nt nh)n mE c0a l
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n &ng c0a l
S4 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n mE c0a, NC
S5 I0.4 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n &ng c0a, NC
L1 I0.5 C@m biAn quang, NO
Y1 Q0.0 Van &i$u khi'n cylnder &ng c0a
Y2 Q0.1 Van &i$u khi'n cylnder mE c0a
164
Yu cJu:
1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC
2. ViAt ch14ng trnh v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra.
BT9.6 i,u khi0n qu trnh khNi /1ng /1ng c6 rotor dy qu4n
Nh9m trnh dng &in khEi &,ng cao trong cc &,ng c4 rotor dy qu)n
c gCn thm cc &in trE phO.
Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n mE my S1 (NO), th contactor K1 c &in. Cc
contactor K2, K3 v K4 bCt &Ju &ng lJn l1Bt cch nhau m,t kho@ng thZi gian
l 5s. Khi contactor cu/i cng l K4 &1Bc &ng th rotor &1Bc ngCn m.ch v
&,ng c4 ho.t &,ng E chA &, &Fnh m?c.
Khi tc &,ng nt nh)n S0 (NC) th &,ng c4 dUng.
S4 &= cng ngh

Hnh 9.5: Yi/u khi+n khHi #$ng #$ng c: rotor dy qu7n
Yu cJu:
2. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i DC/DC/DC
BT9.7 Gim st ho7t /1ng bang t8i bEng c8m bi:n pht xung
M,t bRng t@i &1Bc truy$n &,ng thng qua m,t &,ng c4. Khi bRng t@i ho.t
&,ng th c@m biAn gim st bRng t@i S2 pht xung c &in p 24V v3i tJn s/
10Hz. Khi bRng t@i &?ng yn th S2 pht ra tn hiu 0.
Khi c lWi x@y ra, v dO bRng t@i bF kst, tn hiu gim st khng pht ra, ta
cang khng biAt l &,ng c4 c tCt hay khng. Trong tr1Zng hBp ny, &,ng c4
ko bRng t@i ph@i dUng ngay lQp t?c v chung bo bRng t@i bF lWi H1 vang
v3i tJn s/ 2Hz.
- BRng t@i khEi &,ng b9ng nt nh)n S1 (NO).
- BRng t@i dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0 (NC).

165
S4 &= cng ngh

Hnh 9.6: Gim st ho@t #$ng b\ng t>i bPng c>m bi8n pht xung.
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n mE my, NO
S2 I0.2 C@m biAn gim st bRng t@i, xung
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng t@i
H1 Q0.1 Dn bo
Yu cJu:
BT9.8 Gim st ho7t /1ng bang t8i bEng thBi gian
M,t bRng t@i vQn chuy'n s@n ph[m &1Bc truy$n &,ng thng qua m,t
&,ng c4. S@n ph[m trn bRng t@i &1Bc nhQn biAt bEi hai c@m biAn S2 v
S3.
ThZi gian t/i &a &' s@n ph[m di chuy'n tU S2 &An S3 l 3s. NAu v1Bt
qu thZi gian ny th bRng t@i xem nh1 bF lWi. Khi bF lWi th &,ng c4 ko bRng
t@i dUng ngay lQp t?c v m,t chung bo pht ra v3i tJn s/ 3Hz.
- BRng t@i khEi &,ng b9ng nt nh)n S1 (NO).
- BRng t@i dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0 (NC).
S: #D cng ngh'
166

Hnh 9.7: Gim st ho@t #$ng b\ng t>i bPng thKi gian.
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S2 I0.2 C@m biAn gim st s@n ph[m 1, NO
S3 I0.3 C@m biAn gim st s@n ph[m 2, NO
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng t@i
H1 Q0.1 Chung bo
Yu cJu:
BT9.9 KhNi /1ng Sao-tam gic
Th6c hin trnh t6 khEi &,ng t6 &,ng sao-tam gic c;a m,t &,ng c4 &in
khng &=ng b, 3 pha rotor l=ng sc v3i PLC theo s4 &= hnh 9.8.
Khi )n nt nh)n S1 (NO), th &,ng c4 ho.t &,ng E chA &, sao (K1 v K2
&ng). V sau m,t thZi gian &>t tr13c (gi@ s0 10s), th t6 &,ng chuy'n sang
chA &, tam gic (K2 m)t &in, K3 c &in).
Khi )n nt S0 (NC) th &,ng c4 dUng ngay lQp t?c. Trong tr1Zng hBp
qu t@i (&1Bc bo bEi tiAp &i'm nhit F2) th &,ng c4 cang dUng.

S: #D m@ch #$ng lc

167

Hnh 9.8: M@ch #$ng lc khHi #$ng sao-tam gic.
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
F2 I0.2 Bo qu dng, NC
K1 Q0.0 Contactor ngu=n
K2 Q0.1 Contactor ch.y sao
K3 Q0.2 Contactor ch.y tam gic
Yu cJu:
1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i AC/DC/RLY
BT9.10 Ki0m tra ch4t l#Lng s8n phgm
D= h,p &1Bc vQn chuy'n trn m,t bRng t@i. Cc h,p cch nhau m,t
kho@ng nhP. Cc h,p & &1Bc &ng nCp cJn &1Bc ki'm tra tnh tr.ng &K &Jy.
Vic ki'm tra ch)t l1Bng &1Bc th6c hin v3i m,t ngu=n pht tia Gamma,
&Ju thu sj pht tn hiu 1 nAu h,p khng &1Bc &K &Jy. Vic &o &1Bc th6c
hin xong nAu cng tCc hnh trnh S1 bF tc &,ng (pht ra tn hiu 1). Tr1Zng
hBp h,p khng &1Bc &K &Jy th sau thZi gian &o 2s, van Y1 &i$u khi'n
Cylinder &[y h,p km ch)t l1Bng ra ngoi.
S: #D cng ngh'
168

Hnh 9.9: Ki+m tra ch7t l!Ang s>n phdm
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc hnh trnh, NO (tc &,ng S1=1)
S2 I0.1 Ngu=n tia Gama, khng &Jy S2=1
S3 I0.2 C@m biAn bo Cylinder & &An cu/i hnh trnh, NO
Y1 Q0.0 Van &i$u khi'n Cylinder
Yu cJu:
1. Vj s4 &= n/i dy v3i PLC lo.i AC/DC/RLY.
BT9.11 i,u khi0n /n giao thng
M,t giao l, c l/i &i dnh cho ng1Zi &i b, v t ho.t &,ng E hai chA &,
ngy v &m.
* Ch8 #$ ngy
Dn ho.t &,ng hon ton t6 &,ng theo gi@n &= thZi gian hnh 9.10. ChA
&, ngy &1Bc ch]n khi cng tCc S1 E logic 1.
* Ch8 #$ #m
Khi &>t cng tCc S1 E logic 0 th b, &i$u khi'n chuy'n sang ho.t &,ng E
chA &, &m. Khi chuy'n sang chA &, &m th chA &, ngy bF cCt ngay lQp t?c.
T)t c@ cc &n &$u tCt, chH c &n vng E &1Zng dnh cho t ch3p tCt v3i
tJn s/ 1Hz.
S: #D cng ngh' v gi>n #D thKi gian

169

Hnh 9.10: S: #D cng ngh' #n giao thng v gi>n #D thKi gian
B>ng xc #Unh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc ch]n chA &,, 1: ngy; 0: &m
H1 Q0.0 t &P
H2 Q0.1 t vng
H3 Q0.2 t xanh
H4 Q0.3 Di b, &P
H5 Q0.4 Di b, xanh

10 B$ #8m (Counter) Chu Ch YGc
170
10 B1 /:m (Counter)
10.1 GiIi thiGu
Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp, vic ki'm tra m,t s/ l1Bng xc &Fnh ph@i thng
qua tKng cc xung. C th' th6c hin &Am cc xung ny b9ng cc b, &Am. S0
dOng b, &Am c th' gi@i quyAt &1Bc m,t s/ v)n &$ sau:
- DAm s/ l1Bng
- So snh v3i m,t gi trF &>t tr13c E cc tr1Zng hBp b9ng nhau, nhP
h4n, l3n h4n.
- Ki'm tra s6 khc bit v$ s/ l1Bng.
Trong &i$u khi'n vF tr th vic s0 dOng b, &Am t/c &, cao l khng th'
thiAu. PhJn &i$u khi'n vF tr v b, &Am t/c &, cao sj &1Bc trnh by chi tiAt
trong tQp 2 c;a b, sch ny. m ch14ng ny chH &$ cQp &An cc b, &Am thng
th1Zng.
B, &Am cang c th' s0 dOng &' th6c hin cc nhim vO nh1: C,ng cc
xung c;a b, pht xung nhFp v d6a vo & &' g]i cc giai &o.n &i$u khi'n lin
tiAp nhau. Ho>c cc yu cJu &i$u khi'n theo chu k` l>p nh1 &i$u khi'n &n
giao thng.
Cc PLC th1Zng c 3 lo.i b, &Am: b, &Am ln, b, &Am xu/ng, b, &Am
ln-xu/ng.
C 256 b, &Am E S7-200 c &Fa chH tU C0 &An C255. Chng cang c 3
lo.i b, &Am l:
+ B, &Am ln CTU (Up Counter).
+ B, &Am xu/ng CTD (Down Counter).
+ B, &Am ln-xu/ng (Up/Down Counter).
Khi s0 dOng m,t counter chng ta cJn ph@i xc &Fnh cc thng s/ sau:
- Lo.i counter (CTU, CTD hay CTUD)
- S/ c;a counter sj s0 dOng, khng &1Bc gn cng m,t s/ counter cho
nhi$u counter.
- Khai bo gi trF cJn &Am cho counter.
- Tn hiu xung cung c)p cho b, &Am.
- Tn hiu xa b, &Am.
Chu Ch YGc 10 B$ #8m (Counter)

171
10.2 B1 /:m ln CTU (Count Up)
B, &Am CTU &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
V3i:
Cxxx: K hiu v s/ th? t6 c;a counter, v dO: C10.
CTU: K hiu nhQn biAt b, &Am ln
CU: DAm ln. Ng vo bit,
R: Xa b, &Am v$ 0. Ng vo bit,
PV: Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/ Integer.
MWi khi tn hiu t.i CU tU m?c 0 ln 1 th b, &Am sj tRng gi trF hin
hnh c;a n ln 1 &4n vF. Khi gi trF hin hnh c;a b, &Am (Cxxx) l3n h4n
ho>c b9ng gi trF &>t tr13c t.i ng vo PV (Preset Value) th ng ra bit c;a
counter (counter bit) sj ln m?c 1. Gi trF &Am ln t/i &a l 32.767. Ph.m vi
c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255.
B, &Am sj bF xa v$ 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln m?c 1, ho>c khi s0
dOng lnh Reset &' xa b, &Am.
V d): C? mWi xung tU 0 chuy'n ln 1 t.i ng vo I0.0, b, &Am sj tRng
1 &4n vF. TU xung th? 5 trE &i ng ra Q0.0 sj ln 1. NAu c xung vo t.i ng
I0.1 th ng ra Q0.0 xu/ng 0.
LAD FBD STL

Gi>n #D xung:

172
D' l)y counter CTU, trong cy lnh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng
, sau & ch]n , b)m v gi7 chu,t tri ko th@ vo vF tr
mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CU, R v PV.
10.3 B1 /:m xu;ng CTD (Count Down)
B, &Am xu/ng CTD &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
V3i:
CTD: K hiu nhQn biAt b, &Am xu/ng
CD: Ng vo &Am xu/ng. Ng vo bit,
LD: N.p gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am xu/ng.Ng vo bit,
PV: Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/ Integer.
MWi khi tn hiu t.i CD tU m?c 0 ln 1 th b, &Am sj gi@m gi trF hin
hnh c;a n xu/ng 1 &4n vF. Khi gi trF hin hnh c;a b, &Am (Cxxx) b9ng 0,
th Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. B, &Am xa Counter Bit Cxxx v n.p gi trF &>t
tr13c E PV khi ng vo LD (load) ln m?c 1.
B, &Am sj dUng &Am khi gi trF hin hnh b9ng 0 v counter bit Cxxx ln 1.
Ph.m vi c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255.
Khi xa b, &Am b9ng lnh Reset, counter bit bF xa v gi trF hin hnh
&1Bc &>t v$ 0.
D' l)y counter CTD, trong cy lnh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng
mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CD, LD v PV.
V d): S0 dOng b, &Am xu/ng C2, gi trF hin hnh gi@m tU 3 trE v$ 0.
V3i I0.1 E logic 0 v mWi lJn I0.0 chuy'n tU 0 ln 1 th b, &Am C2 gi@m &i
m,t &4n vF. Khi gi trF hin hnh trong b, &Am C2 b9ng 0 th ng ra Q0.0 ln
1. Khi I0.1 E 1 th b, &Am &1Bc &>t tr13c gi trF &Am l 3.
LAD FBD STL


173
Gi>n #D xung:

10.4 B1 /:m ln-xu;ng CTUD (Count Up/Down)
B, &Am xu/ng CTUD &1Bc bi'u di\n E LAD nh1 sau:
V3i:
CTUD: K hiu nhQn biAt b, &Am ln-xu/ng
CU: Ng vo &Am ln. Ng vo bit
CD: Ng vo &Am xu/ng. Ng vo bit,
R: Xa b, &Am v$ 0.Ng vo bit,
PV: Gi trF &>t tr13c cho b, &Am. Bi'u di\n E s/
Integer.
Lnh &Am ln-xu/ng (CTUD) sj &Am ln mWi khi ng vo &Am ln (CU) tU
m?c 0 ln 1, v &Am xu/ng mWi khi ng vo &Am xu/ng (CD) chuy'n tU 0
ln 1. Gi trF hin hnh Cxxx gi7 gi trF hin hnh c;a b, &Am. Gi trF &>t
tr13c PV &1Bc so snh v3i gi trF hin hnh mWi khi th6c hin lnh &Am.
Khi &.t &An gi trF max (32.767), th E c.nh ln kA tiAp t.i ng vo &Am
ln b, &Am sj &>t v$ gi trF min (-32.768).
Khi &.t &An gi trF min (-32.768), th E c.nh ln kA tiAp t.i ng vo &Am
xu/ng b, &Am sj &>t v$ gi trF max (32.767).
Khi gi trF hin hnh Cxxx l3n h4n ho>c b9ng gi trF &>t tr13c PV, th
Counter Bit Cxxx ln 1. Ng1Bc l.i Counter Bit Cxxx b9ng 0.
Ph.m vi c;a b, &Am l C0 &An C255.
B, &Am sj bF xa v$ 0 khi ng vo Reset (R) ln m?c 1, ho>c khi s0
dOng lnh Reset &' xa b, &Am.
D' l)y counter CTUD, trong cy lnh b)m vo d)u (+) c;a bi'u t1Bng
mong mu/n trong ch14ng trnh. NhQp cc thng tin E Cxxx, CU,CD, R v PV.
174
V d): S0 dOng b, &Am xu/ng C3. Ng vo &Am ln n/i v3i I0.0. Ng vo
&Am xu/ng n/i v3i I0.1. Xa b, &Am b9ng I0.2. Khi b, &Am c gi trF hin
hnh >=4 th ng ra Q0.0 ln 1.
LAD FBD STL

Network 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.1
LD I0.2
CTUD C3, 4

Network 2
LD C3
= Q0.0

Gi>n #D xung:

10.5 _ng d%ng b1 /:m
10.5.1 :m s8n phgm /#Lc /ng gi
S@n ph[m & &ng gi &1Bc &1a vo m,t thng ch?a b9ng m,t bRng t@i
(ko bEi &,ng c4 M). MWi thng ch?a &1Bc 10 s@n ph[m. Khi s@n ph[m &
&1Bc &Am &; th bRng t@i dUng l.i &$ cho ng1Zi vQn hnh &1a m,t thng rWng
vo. Sau khi ng1Zi vQn hnh )n nt S1(NO) &' tiAp tOc th bRng t@i ho.t &,ng.
Qu trnh c? l>p &i l>p l.i cho &An khi no )n nt dUng S0 (NC).
S@n ph[m tr13c khi &1a vo thng sj &i qua c@m biAn quang S2 (NC).
S: '/ cng nghK:

175

Hnh 10.1: Y8m s>n phdm #!Ac #ng gi
BBng xc '<nh vo/ra
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng bRng t@i, NO
S2 I0.2 C@m biAn nhQn biAt s@n ph[m, NC
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M
N,i dy vQi PLC

Phn tch
* Y$ng c: ko b\ng t>i:
Di$u kin ho.t &,ng: - Nt nh)n S1 (NO) &1Bc tc &,ng
Di$u kin dUng: - Nt nh)n dUng S0 (NC) &1Bc tc &,ng, ho>c
- DAm &; 10 s@n ph[m (b, &Am C1).
NAu s0 dOng Set, Reset:
176
Di$u kin Set &,ng c4 M: K1= S1
Di$u kn Reset &,ng c4 M: K1= 1 C 0 S
V 1u tin dUng my nn s0 dOng 1u tin Reset. Ngoi ra khi & &Am &;
10 s@n ph[m th Counter Bit C1 lun lun =1 nn E ng R c;a khu RS ta s0
dOng c.nh ln &/i v3i bit C1.
* B$ #8m C1:
V &Am &An 10 s@n ph[m th pht tn hiu &' &,ng c4 dUng, nn E &y
s0 dOng b, &Am ln.
Di$u kin ng vo &Am ln CU: = 2 S
Gi trF &>t cho b, &Am PV:= 10
Di$u kin xa b, &Am R:= c.nh ln K1
Ch : V chn Reset(R) c;a b, &Am sj xa b, &Am v$ 0 theo m?c logic nn
ta ph@i s0 dOng c.nh ln E ng vo.
Ch7:ng trnh
LAD STL

Network 1 ON/OFF bang tai
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
LD C1
EU
OLD
NOT
LPS
A Q0.0
= Q0.0
LPP
ALD
O Q0.0
= Q0.0
Network 2 Dem san pham
LDN I0.2
LD Q0.0
EU
CTU C1, 10
10.5.2 Ki0m sot che cho Garage ng@m
M,t Garage ngJm c 20 chW &Qu xe. m ng vo c hai &n bo: Dn &P
bo hiu Garage & hAt chW, &n xanh bo hiu Garage cn chW tr/ng. D1Zng
vo v &1Zng ra chH cho php m,t xe ch.y.
S4 &= cng ngh &1Bc cho E hnh 10.2. Hai c@m biAn S1 v S2 &1Bc &>t
gJn nhau &' nhQn biAt xe vo v ra.

177

S7-200 DC/DC/DC
24V
24V
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 . . . M
Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 . . . 1L
S2 S1
DP Xanh

Hnh 10.2: S: #D Ragare ng6m v s: #D n-i dy PLC
B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra
S1 I0.0 C@m biAn nhQn biAt xe vo/ra
S2 I0.1 C@m biAn nhQn biAt xe ra/vo
DP Q0.0 Dn bo hAt chW &Qu xe
Xanh Q0.1 Dn bo cn chW &Qu xe
Phn tch
* Nh1n bi8t xe vo/ra
V Garage ngJm chH c m,t c0a ra vo cho m,t ln xe ch.y, nn khng
th' l)y ring lo m,t c@m biAn &' nhQn biAt xa vo v c@m biAn cn l.i &' nhQn
biAt xe ra v sj c s6 trng lCp v khng r rng. D' gi@i quyAt, kAt hBp c@ hai
c@m biAn ny. Gi@n &= xung cho xe vo r ra Garage nh1 sau:

TU gi@n &= thZi gian ta nhQn th)y:
Tn hiu xe vo:= c.nh ln S2 AND m?c logic 1 c;a S1
Tn hiu xe ra:= c.nh ln S1 AND m?c logic 1 c;a S2
178
* B$ #8m
V s/ l1Bng xe trong Ragage thay &Ki khi c xe vo v ra, nn E &y s0
dOng b, &Am ln v xu/ng. Ngoi ra, &' &4n gi@n khi khEi &,ng l.i PLC th b,
&Am xa v$ 0, ta c thng tin cho cc ng vo c;a b, &Am nh1 sau:
- Ng vo &Am ln CU:= Tn hiu xe vo
- Ng vo &Am xu/ng:= Tn hiu xe ra
- Ng vo gi trF &>t tr13c PV:= 20
- Ng vo xa b, &Am R:= SM0.1
* Dn bo Garage cn chW tr/ng (&n xanh):= 1 C
* Dn bo Garage hAt chW tr/ng (&n &P):= C1.
Ch7:ng trnh
LAD STL

Network 1 Dem xe ra/vao Ragage
LD I0.1
EU
A I0.0
LD I0.0
EU
A I0.1
LD SM0.1
CTUD C1, 20

Network 2 Bao con cho trong
(den xanh)
LDN C1
= Q0.1

Network 3 Bao het cho dau xe
(den do)
LD C1
= Q0.0
10.6 Cu hì v bi t2p
BT10.6.1 i,u khi0n bAn s4y
M,t b=n s)y ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:

179
Khi )n nt khEi &,ng S1 (NO), th b=n s)y quay ph@i 20s, t6 &,ng dUng
l.i 5s, sau & quay tri 20s, t6 &,ng dUng l.i 5s. Qu trnh c? l>p &i l>p l.i cho
&An khi )n nt dUng S2 (NC) ho>c sau thZi gian 20 chu k` l>p sj t6 &,ng
dUng l.i. Yu cJu:
1. LQp b@ng xc &Fnh vo ra (khi lQp b@ng ch lit k lun cc bit
nh3, b, &Am, timer v nghâ c;a chng trong ch14ng trnh).
2. LQp b@ng n/i dy v3i PLC
3. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n v n.p vo PLC &' ki'm tra.
BT10.6.2 i,u khi0n b0 an mn
M,t b' ch?a dung dFch Rn mn &' Rn mn phJn &=ng cn thUa trn t)m
m.ch in. GiP ch?a cc t)m m.ch &1Bc treo vo m,t cJn nh1 hnh 10.3. Khi
)n nt khEi &,ng S1 (NO) th cJn h. giP xu/ng &An gi3i h.n d13i S3 (NC) &'
&>t cc t)m m.ch in ngQp trong dung dFch Rn mn. Sau thZi gian 15s th cJn
nng ln &An gi3i h.n trn c;a cJn S2 (NC) th t6 &,ng h. xu/ng trE l.i. Chu
k` l>p l.i &1Bc 6 lJn th t6 &,ng dUng ho>c c th' )n nt dUng S0 (NC). Khi
h th/ng &ang ho.t &,ng th &n bo H1 sng.

Hnh 10.3 S: #D cng ngh' b+ \n mn
B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, NO
S2 I0.2 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n trn, NC
S3 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n d13i, NC
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 ko giP ln
K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 h. giP xu/ng
H1 Q0.2 Dn bo h th/ng ho.t &,ng
180
Yu cJu:
2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n
BT10.6.3 Ki0m sot bang chuy,n s8n phgm
M,t h th/ng bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m &1Bc cho theo s4 &= cng ngh
nh1 hnh vj 10.4.
Khi )n nt "start" th bRng chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi thng &Ong cng
tCc hnh trnh S3 (NO) th bRng chuy$n thng dUng l.i, bRng chuy$n s@n
ph[m & &ng gi bCt &Ju chuy'n &,ng. C@m biAn S2(NC) &1Bc dng &' &Am
s/ luBng s@n ph[m. Khi &Am &1Bc 12 s@n ph[m th bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m
dUng v bRng chuy$n thng l.i bCt &Ju chuy'n &,ng. B, &Am &1Bc &>t l.i v
qu trnh vQn hnh lQp l.i cho &An khi )n nt "stop" (NC).

Hnh 10.4 S: #D cng ngh' b\ng chuy/n s>n phdm
B@ng xc &Fnh vo/ra
Start I0.0 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng, NO
Stop I0.1 Nt nh)n dUng h th/ng, NC
S2 I0.2 C@m biAn &Am s/ l1Bng s@n ph[m, NC
S3 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh nhQn biAt thng, NO
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng chuy$n thng
K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 bRng chuy$n s@n ph[m
Yu cJu:
2. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n
Chu Ch YGc 11 Yi/u khi+n trnh t

181
11 i,u khi0n trnh tD
11.1 C4u trc chung cJa m1t ch#6ng trnh /i,u khi0n
Trong phJn ny &$ c>p &An vic tK ch?c v c)u trc cho ch14ng trnh
PLC, nghâ l trong ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n g=m cc phJn c lin quan &An
cc v)n &$ nh1 cc chA &, ho.t &,ng, cc ch?c nRng c4 b@n, trnh t6 x0 l,
kch ho.t cc ng ra, hi'n thF tr.ng thi theo trnh t6 sau:
1. BCt &Ju ch14ng trnh
2. Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng v cc ch?c nRng c4 b@n
- KhEi t.o vF tr c4 b@n.
- Cc &i$u kin cho php c;a ng ra.
- M.ch logic &i$u khi'n.
- Kch ho.t cc ng ra.
- Xu)t cc chH thF, chH bo.
3. KAt thc ch14ng trnh.
3oEn ch7:ng trnh 'i(u khi*n chM 'S hoEt dSng
- KhHi t@o vU tr c: b>n
Cc thiAt bF vQt l &1Bc &i$u khi'n &$u c vF tr c4 b@n, v dO khi cc c4
c)u tc &,ng E cc tr.ng thi OFF v cc cng tCc hnh trnh E vF tr hE. T)t
c@ cc yAu t/ ny c th' &1Bc tK hBp logic v3i nhau &' bo hiu v khEi t.o vF
tr c4 b@n, v &1Bc lQp trnh nh1 l m,t b13c trong chuWi trnh t6.
- Yo@n ch!:ng trnh chGc n\ng khHi #$ng hay dMng qu trnh #i/u khi+n.
HJu hAt cc &i$u khi'n trong cng nghip &$u c nt khEi &,ng (START)
v nt dUng (STOP) m c th' lQp trnh cho hnh vi c;a chng. Cc nt ny
&1Bc lQp trnh b9ng cc tiAp &i'm logic th6c hin khEi &,ng hay dUng ton b,
ho.t &,ng &i$u khi'n c;a PLC. Cang c th' c m,t cng tCc b9ng tay &' cho
php hay khng cho php cc ng ra, dng khi ki'm tra ch14ng trnh.
3oEn ch7:ng trnh xJ l 'i(u khi*n
11 Yi/u khi+n trnh t Chu Ch YGc
182
Dy l phJn chnh c;a ch14ng ny, bao g=m vic thiAt kA v lQp trnh cc
&i$u khi'n dng c4 chA trnh t6 hay logic tK hBp. Cc kAt qu@ c;a s6 tK hBp
logic trn th1Zng khng tr6c tiAp kch cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh, m thng qua
cc nh3 trung gian.
3oEn ch7:ng trnh kch cc ng ra
Cc tn hiu ng ra dng &' kch c4 c)u tc &,ng &1Bc kho lkn bEi cc
nh3 trung gian hnh thnh tU cc &o.n ch14ng trnh x0 l &i$u khi'n.
3oEn ch7:ng trnh xuWt cc ch> th<, ch> bo
Cc tr.ng thi c;a qu trnh ho.t &,ng th1Zng &1Bc bi'u thF b9ng &n,
chung&' ng1Zi vQn hnh my c cc quyAt &Fnh thch hBp.
Vic lQp trnh theo c)u trc nh1 trn nh9m lm cho ch14ng trnh &i$u
khi'n c &, tin cQy cao h4n, d\ hi'u h4n, cho php xc &Fnh lWi nhanh chng
v rt ngCn &1Bc thZi gian b@o tr, s0a ch7a.
11.2 i,u khi0n trnh tD
11.2.1 GiIi thiGu
Trong cng nghip, hJu hAt cc d6 n &i$u khi'n x@y ra m,t cch trnh
t6, khu x0 l sau chQm h4n khu x0 l tr13c m,t kho@ng thZi gian xc &Fnh.
V dO nh1 qu trnh chuy'n &,ng m3i bCt &Ju nAu nh1 m,t qu trnh khc
&1Bc kAt thc.
V)n &$ ny c th' &1Bc gi@i quyAt b9ng &i$u khi'n lin kAt, v3i vic kAt
n/i c?ng cc &i$u kin trong ch14ng trnh. Nh1ng E &y chH ra r9ng tU m,t
khun khK &i$u khi'n & biAt th vic gi@i quyAt v)n &$ b9ng &i$u khi'n lin kAt
l r)t kh &]c ch14ng trnh v vic tm lWi ph@i m)t nhi$u thZi gian.
NAu m,t d6 n &1Bc th6c hin theo ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 th
c)u trc ch14ng trnh c th' nhQn biAt m,t cch d\ dng v d6 n c th'
&1Bc bi'u di\n b9ng hnh @nh. Di$u khi'n trnh t6 gip cho ng1Zi &]c &]c
ch14ng trnh m,t cch d\ dng, ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc trnh by theo
c)u trc, 1u &i'm c;a n l gip cho vic lQp trnh, thay &Ki v tm lWi cc d6
n m,t cch c hiu qu@.
D' d\ hi'u ta xt M$t h' th-ng nng hng ho@t #$ng nh! sau :
Bn nng E vF tr d13i v hng ho sj &1Bc &1a vo bn nng. NAu nt
khEi &,ng &1Bc )n th bn nng &1Bc h th/ng nng &1a ln cao, khi ln &An
gi3i h.n trn th h th/ng nng ngUng l.i v bRng t@i trn bn nng ho.t &,ng
ko hng ho &1a sang b, phQn khc. Sau khi hng ho &1Bc l)y xong th
bRng t@i dUng, lc ny bn sj &1Bc h. xu/ng khi &An vF tr d13i th dUng
l.i,v m,t qu trnh m3i l.i bCt &Ju. TU yu cJu cng ngh c;a h th/ng nng
hng ny ta c th' bi'u di\n theo ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 nh1 E
hnh 11.1.


183
Hnh 11.1: V d) h' th-ng nng hng #!Ac bi+u di`n theo s: #D chGc n\ng
trong #i/u khi+n trnh t.
Nu &i'm c;a ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6 l:
- ThiAt kA, lQp trnh nhanh v &4n gi@n.
- C)u trc ch14ng trnh r rng.
- Thay &Ki d\ dng trnh t6 th6c hin.
- NhQn biAt nhanh chng cc nguyn gy ra lWi.
- Nhi$u ki'u ho.t &,ng khc nhau c th' th6c hin &1Bc.
TU cc 1u &i'm ny m trong th6c tA r)t nhi$u bi ton &i$u khi'n &1Bc
gi@i quyAt b9ng ph14ng php &i$u khi'n trnh t6. Di$u khi'n trnh t6 c th'
chia lm hai lo.i:
- Di$u khi'n trnh t6 theo thZi gian .
NS H th/ng nng ho.t &,ng
1
Nng
Bn nng E vF tr d13i
Hng ha &1Bc &1a vo bn
KhEi &,ng
NS BRng t@i ho.t &,ng
2
L)y hng
KhEi &,ng
NS H th/ng h. ho.t &,ng
3
H.
Hng ha & &1Bc l)y
4
Hon t)t
Gi3i h.n d13i
184
- Di$u khi'n trnh t6 theo qu trnh .
Yi/u khi+n trnh t theo thKi gian :
m &i$u khi'n trnh t6 theo thZi gian th &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp chH phO
thu,c vo thZi gian. Cc khu &Fnh thZi, b, &Am thZi gian&' t.o ra &i$u kin
chuy'n tiAp.
Yi/u khi+n trnh t theo qu trnh :
m &i$u khi'n trnh t6 theo qu trnh th &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp phO thu,c
vo cc tn hiu c;a thiAt bF &1Bc &i$u khi'n. Cc thng bo v$ tU cc s6 kin
c;a x0 l c th' l vF tr van cc b, gim st ho.t &,ng, l1u l1Bng p su)t,
nhit &,, &, dkn, &, nhZn Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp cc thng bo v$ tU vic
x0 l ph@i &1Bc biAn &Ki thnh tn hiu nhF phn .
M,t d.ng c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 phO thu,c vo qu trnh x0 l c;a &i$u
khi'n theo hnh trnh, &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp c;a n chH phO thu,c vo cc tn
hiu hnh trnh c;a thiAt bF &1Bc &i$u khi'n .
11.2.2 Ph#6ng php l2p trnh /i,u khi0n trnh tD
Cc b!9c thi8t k8 ch!:ng trnh trnh t cho PLC nh! sau :
- Qu trnh &i$u khi'n &1Bc di\n &.t b9ng lZi.
- S6 m t@ & &1Bc chuy'n sang d.ng l1u &= hay s4 &= ch?c nRng.
- DAn giai &o.n ny, cc &i$u kin logic d\ dng &1Bc xc &Fnh, sau &
&1Bc chuy'n sang bi'u th?c boolean bi'u di\n tUng tr.ng thi c;a
qu trnh trnh t6.
- Cu/i cng bi'u th?c boolean &1Bc chuy'n &Ki sang ch14ng trnh
trong PLC.
S6 di\n &.t b9ng lZi hay ghi ra gi)y m t@ qu trnh &i$u khi'n th1Zng
di, kh theo di v khng chnh xc. Nh1 & &$ c>p, ton b, qu trnh &i$u
khi'n sj d\ hi'u h4n khi n chia thnh nh7ng &4n vF con (sub-units) hay x0 l
con (sub- processor). MWi &4n vF con sau & c th' &1Bc xy d6ng theo d.ng
trnh t6 v kha lkn &' th6c hin m,t ch?c nRng no & theo yu cJu. CJn c
cc ph14ng php &' m t@ h th/ng trnh t6 nh1 trn sao cho r rng v d\
theo di qu trnh ho.t &,ng.
Cc ph14ng php di'n &.t c th' tu` ch]n: logic relay (relay logic
diagram), cKng logic (logic schematics), l1u &= (flowcharts) v s4 &= ch?c
nRng (function charts) nh1 hnh 11.2. Cc ph14ng php ny khng thay thA
cho b13c di'n &.t b9ng lZi m n hW trB r)t nhi$u cho b13c ny. Vic p
dOng ph14ng php no tu` thu,c ch; yAu vo kinh nghim v$ ph14ng php
&. Ng1Zi phn tch thiAt kA h th/ng c kiAn th?c t/t v$ kX thuQt s/ hay v$
my tnh th th1Zng dng 3 ph14ng php sau, cn ph14ng php logic relay
&1Bc dng &/i v3i nh7ng ng1Zi quen v3i thiAt kA m.ch relay.

185

(a) (b)

Hnh 11.2 : Cc ph!:ng php m t> h' th-ng #i/u khi+n logic:
(a) logic relay; (b) cZng logic; (c) l!u #D; (d) s: #D chGc n\ng
Ph7:ng php logic relay v cVng logic
C@ hai ph14ng php c lin h tr6c tiAp &An m.ch vQt l, nn vic dng
PLC &' thay thA h th/ng relay truy$n th/ng l l t1Eng. Cc ph14ng php
ny th1Zng dng cho h th/ng &i$u khi'n dng tK hBp cc ng vo hay cc
h th/ng trnh t6 qui m nhP v s4 &= bi'u di'n cho trnh t6 qui m l3n ph?c
t.p v kh theo di.
Ph7:ng php bi*u di*n theo l7u '/
Ph14ng php ny th1Zng dng khi thiAt kA phJn m$m cho my tnh,
nh1ng l.i phK biAn &' bi'u di'n trnh t6 ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng &i$u khi'n.
L1u &= c quan h tr6c tiAp &An s6 m t@ b9ng lZi h th/ng &i$u khi'n, chH ra
B13c 1
B13c 2
X0 l 1

X0 l 2

X0 l 3

Di$u kin khEi
&,ng
Di$u kin
chuy'n b13c
BCt &Ju
Ki'm tra
&i$u kin 1
Yes
No
X0 l
No
Yes
TiAp tOc
(c)
(d)
Ki'm tra
&i$u kin 2
Di$u kin
chuy'n b13c
TiAp tOc
186
tUng &i$u kin cJn ki'm tra tUng b13c v cc x0 l trong cc b13c & theo
chuWi trnh t6. Cc x0 l trong l1u &= &1Bc ghi trong 1 ch7 nhQt, trong khi
cc &i$u kin &1Bc ghi vo hnh thoi. Tuy nhin, ph14ng php ny chiAm
nhi$u khng gian khi bi'u di\n h th/ng &i$u khi'n l3n v trE nn n>ng n$.
Ph7:ng php s: '/ chNc nFng
Ph14ng php ny ngy cng trE nn phK biAn &' bi'u di\n cc ho.t
&,ng trnh t6, cho php th' hin chi tiAt v$ cc x0 l cang nh1 trnh t6 cc
ho.t &,ng trong qu trnh &i$u khi'n. V3i v3i cch dng cc k hiu g]n v c
&]ng, ph14ng php ny c &1Bc 1u &i'm c;a cc ph14ng php trn, vic
bi'u di'n b13c tiAn trnh ho.t &,ng m.ch l.c v r rng. Trong tUng b13c ta
c th' ghi ra cc &i$u kin set v reset, &i$u kin chuy'n tr.ng thi v cc tn
hiu &i$u khi'n khc. S4 &= ch?c nRng cn th' hin &Cc l6c khi ki'm tra v
th0 h th/ng.
3Ei s, Boolean
Cho d dng ph14ng php no &i n7a, m,t khi cc ch?c nRng & &1Bc
&>c t@ r rng th chng ph@i &1Bc chuy'n &Ki sang d.ng m tU & c th'
chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh PLC. Qu trnh ny &1Bc th6c hin b9ng cch
chuy'n &Ki cc ch?c nRng thnh 1 chuWi lin tiAp bi'u th?c boolean, v tU &
chuy'n thnh ngn ng7 PLC. M,t khi quen v3i kX thuQt ny, ta c th' d\ dng
chuy'n &Ki s6 &>c t@ ch?c nRng thnh bi'u th?c boolean b)t k' l n &1Bc
&>c t@ b9ng ph14ng php no.
Ta cang c th' &>c t@ ton b, h th/ng &i$u khi'n logic b9ng bi'u th?c
boolean, m>c d vic dng bi'u th?c Boolean th1Zng km hiu qu@ v$ m>t
thZi gian thiAt kA v khng d' hi'u &/i v3i nh7ng ng1Zi ch1a c kinh nghim
v$ cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n. Gi@i php dng Boolean d sao &i n7a cang tiAt
kim &1Bc khng gian bi'u di'n trn gi)y khi thiAt kA.
Trong cc ph!:ng php l1p trnh cho #i/u khi+n trnh t trn th ph!:ng
php s: #D chGc n\ng c !u #i+m h:n cc ph!:ng php khc. Cho nn
ch!:ng ny ch3n ph!:ng php s: #D chGc n\ng #+ lm c: sH chnh cho vi'c
thi8t k8 #i/u khi+n trnh t.
11.3 Cc thJ t%c t(ng qut /0 thi:t k: bi ton trnh tD
Trong bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6, &' th6c hin m,t cch c h th/ng
cng vic &i$u khi'n v trnh t/i &a nh7ng thiAu st, nhJm lkn th th; tOc &'
thiAt kA bi ton trnh t6 bao g=m cc b13c nh1 sau:
B7Qc 1: Xy dng s: #D ph-i hAp thao tc cng ngh' cCa my hoTc h' th-ng
thi8t bU c6n #i/u khi+n.
Dy l cng vic c yu cJu t14ng t6 nh1 khi bCt tay vo vic thiAt kA
m,t my m3i. Ng1Zi th6c hin sj cRn c? vo yu cJu ho.t &,ng c;a my &'
tU & hnh dung v phn tch ra m,t trnh t6 cc thao tc thQt chi tiAt c;a cc

187
khu ch)p hnh ho>c tUng b, phQn ch)p hnh c;a my cang nh1 s6 ho.t
&,ng gi7a chng.
Qu trnh phn tch v th6c hin vic ph/i hBp cc chuy'n &,ng ho>c cc
thao tc th1Zng &1Bc th6c hin d13i d.ng m,t s4 &= ph/i hBp. S4 &= &1Bc
th6c hin d13i d.ng cc d@i hnh ch7 nhQt &>t kA tiAp nhau. MWi d@i t1Bng
tr1ng cho di\n biAn theo thZi gian qu trnh ho.t &,ng c;a m,t khu ch)p
hnh ho>c m,t b, phQn ch)p hnh nh9m th6c hin m,t thao tc cng ngh
no &.
S4 &= ph/i hBp cc thao tc cng ngh cho php ng1Zi thiAt kA hnh
dung ton b, qu trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my ho>c c;a h th/ng thiAt bF bao g=m
trnh t6 cc thao tc v thZi &i'm bCt &Ju cang nh1 kAt thc th6c hin c;a
tUng thao tc. S4 &= ph/i hBp ny sj l c4 sE cho vic so.n th@o ch14ng
trnh &i$u khi'n trn PLC cang &=ng thZi l ti liu g/c cho vic hiu chHnh s6
lm vic my ho>c h th/ng v$ sau.
B7Qc 2: L1p s: #D kh-i #i/u khi+n trnh t.
CRn c? vo s4 &= ph/i hBp cc ho.t &,ng ho>c cc thao tc c;a cc b,
phQn ch)p hnh trn my thiAt kA, ng1Zi cn b, kX thuQt sj th6c hin m,t
cng vic t14ng t6 tiAp theo l lQp s4 &= kh/i &i$u khi'n trnh t6 (d.ng l1u &=
(flowchart) ho>c s4 &= ch?c nRng (funtion-chart)). Cng vic ny l m,t b13c
tiAp cQn h4n n7a c;a qu trnh &i$u khi'n. Tu` theo m?c &, quen s0 dOng
cch bi'u di\n no m ng1Zi thiAt kA sj l6a ch]n cc ph14ng php bi'u di\n
qu trnh &i$u khi'n &' m t@ chuWi trnh t6 cc thao tc cng ngh cang nh1
cc tn hiu &i$u khi'n cho tUng thao tc.
B7Qc 3: Chudn bU ph6n cGng v m t> cc tham s- vo/ra.
Cng vic l6a ch]n cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh nh1 l6a ch]n cc lo.i &,ng
c4, xylanh kh nn ho>c xylanh dJu p, l6a ch]n cc lo.i van &i$u khi'n,, c
lin quan mQt thiAt v3i qu trnh &i$u khi'n & tKng hBp do nhi$u yAu t/ nh1
&>c tnh kX thuQt c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng c ph hBp v3i my thiAt kA hay khng,
kAt c)u c ph hBp hay khng, khng gian c cho php b/ tr lo.i c4 c)u tc
&,ng & hay khng; v m,t yAu t/ quan tr]ng c tnh ch)t quyAt &Fnh l thZi
gian v t/c &, &p ?ng c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng &1Bc l6a ch]n c ph hBp, thPa
mn v3i yu cJu ph/i hBp trn my hay khng.
Ng1Zi thiAt kA ph@i l6a ch]n kX &' tm kiAm cc c4 c)u tc &,ng ph hBp
nh)t v m t@ &Jy &; cc thng s/ kX thuQt c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng, chpng h.n
nh1 cc gi trF &in p, dng &in tc &,ng vo &,ng c4 &in hay tc &,ng vo
cc van &in tU &i$u khi'n cc van kh nn. Cc tn hiu trn c lin quan mQt
thiAt v3i cc tn hiu ng ra c;a PLC. T14ng t6, cc tn hiu tU cc c@m biAn;
ph@n nh tr.ng thi c;a c4 c)u tc &,ng, &1Bc &1a &An cc ng vo c;a
PLC.
Thng qua vic l6a ch]n v m t@ cc tham s/ vo/ ra ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA
sj cung c)p cc s/ liu cJn thiAt cho vic thiAt kA cc m.ch giao tiAp gi7a
PLC v3i m.ch cng su)t c;a cc c4 c)u tc &,ng, xc &Fnh s/ ng vo/ ra &'
l6a ch]n PLC thch hBp.
188
B7Qc 4: L1p trnh.
V3i &Jy &; cc d7 liu &1Bc cung c)p tU cc b13c th6c hin E trn,
cng vic tiAp theo c;a ng1Zi lQp trnh l so.n th@o ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n
cho PLC &' th6c hin vic &i$u khi'n my ho>c h th/ng ho.t &,ng &ng cho
chu trnh & thiAt kA. Tu` theo kh@ nRng quen s0 dOng lo.i ngn ng7 lQp trnh
trn PLC no m ng1Zi lQp trnh sj ch]n l6a &' so.n th@o ch14ng trnh. V3i
cc ch14ng trnh &4n gi@n, cc phJn m$m c;a cc hng cho php bin dFch
&1Bc ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt tU ngn ng7 ny sang ngn ng7 khc.
B7Qc 5: Ch@y th[ v hon chWnh ch!:ng trnh.
Dy l cng vic hAt s?c t6 nhin ph@i th6c hin sau khi lQp trnh. Vic
ch.y th0 ch14ng trnh &1Bc th6c hin trong 2 chA &,:
Ch: /1 gi8 l2p (ch: /1 offline): Cho ch.y ch14ng trnh v theo di &p
?ng c;a cc ng ra thng qua cc &n LED. Dn LED E ng ra cO th' sj bi'u
thF cho tn hiu xu)t E ng ra cho c4 c)u tc &,ng v &p ?ng c;a chng.
Ch: /1 thDc (ch: /1 online): Sau khi & ch.y th0 v &i$u chHnh ch14ng
trnh trong chA &, gi@ lQp hon h@o. Chuy'n chA &, ho.t &,ng trn PLC v n/i
phJn m.ch giao tiAp v3i m.ch cng su)t &' &i$u khi'n my ch.y trong chA &,
th6c. Trong chA &, ny, v3i cc &p ?ng th6c c;a cc c4 c)u tc &,ng khi
khng t@i v khi c t@i sj gip cho ng1Zi lQp trnh hiu chHnh ch14ng trnh lJn
cu/i tr13c khi &1a vo vQn hnh th6c s6 trong s@n xu)t.
11.4 C4u trc cJa bi ton /i,u khi0n trnh tD
M,t bi ton &i$u khi'n trnh t6 c th' chia lm 4 phJn :
ChuWi trnh t6
Ki'u ho.t &,ng
Cc thng bo
Kch ho.t ng ra .
M/i lin h gi7a cc phJn &1Bc bi'u di'n theo s4 &= hnh 11.3.
11.4.1 Chuei trnh tD
H.t nhn c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 l chuWi trnh t6. Ch14ng trnh &i$u
khi'n theo cc b13c & biAt &1Bc x0 l E &y. Cc b13c trnh t6 ring lo
&1Bc kch ho.t phO thu,c vo &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp.
11.4.2 Ki0u ho7t /1ng
Di$u kin cho cc chA &, ho.t &,ng khc nhau &1Bc x0 l trong phJn
ki'u ho.t &,ng. Cc lo.i ho.t &,ng sau th1Zng &1Bc s0 dOng trong kX thuQt
&i$u khi'n .
a. ChM 'S tL 'Sng:

189
Trong chA &, t6 &,ng, sau khi tn hiu khEi &,ng &1Bc kch ho.t th trnh
t6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra E cc chuWi trnh t6 hon ton t6 &,ng khng cJn &An
b@ng &i$u khi'n . C4 c)u ch)p hnh sj &1Bc &i$u khi'n theo chuWi trnh t6 .
b. ChM 'S tay hay hoEt 'Sng theo b7Qc
Trong chA &, ho.t theo tUng b13c th chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc chuy'n tiAp
b9ng tay .m chA &, ny cn c thm s6 phn bit : chuy'n tiAp c &i$u kin
v chuy'n tiAp khng &i$u kin. ChA &, lm vic ny dng &' ki'm tra
ch14ng trnh trong vQn hnh v x0 l lWi .
c. ChM 'S thiMt b<
Trong chA &, ny, tUng c4 c)u ch)p hnh c th' &1Bc tc &,ng b9ng
tay m khng phO thu,c vo ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n. Cc kha an ton vkn
c hiu l6c trong chA &, ny.
Cc chA &, lm vic khc nhau &1Bc &i$u khi'n E b@ng &i$u khi'n. Ty
theo chA &, ho.t &,ng &1Bc &i$u chHnh m chuWi trnh t6 xu)t lnh v phJn
thng bo tiAp nhQn tn hiu d13i d.ng tn hiu spn sng, tn hiu chuy'n tiAp,
tn hiu kha v tn hiu hi'n thF.

Hnh 11.3: C7u trc cCa m$t bi ton #i/u khi+n trnh t
D/i v3i mWi chA &, ho.t &,ng th1Zng ph@i ch &An qui tCc an ton.
Cc qui tEc an ton nh7t c th+ #!Ac tm tEt sau #y :
Cc tnh tr.ng nguy hi'm gy tai n.n cho ng1Zi, my mc cang nh1
vQt liu ph@i &1Bc trnh.
My mc ph@i &1Bc E tr.ng thi &?ng yn (khng ho.t &,ng) khi
ngu=n c &in trE l.i nAu x@y ra tnh tr.ng m)t &in.
Cc kha
Kch ho.t ng ra
Thnh phJn
thng bo:

Lo.i ho.t &,ng

LWi

Hi'n thF b13c

Ki'u ho.t &,ng
ChuWi trnh t6
Tn hiu tU b@ng
&i$u khi'n
VF tr c4 b@n
Cho php
C4 c)u ch)p hnh
190
Cc cng tCc dUng kh[n c)p v cc cng tCc gi3i h.n an ton ph@i
lun E tr.ng thi spn sng khi c s6 c/. BEi vQy cc thiAt bF b@o v
ny cJn ph@i c tc dOng tr6c tiAp &An phJn cng su)t c;a c4 c)u
ch)p hnh.
Trong tr1Zng hBp x@y ra s6 c/ &?t dy hay n/i &)t th h th/ng khng
&1Bc php t6 khEi &,ng cang nh1 khng &1Bc php ho.t &,ng.
Cc qui tCc chung ny &1Bc th6c hin ty theo mWi nhim vO &i$u khi'n.
11.4.3 Cc thng bo
Trong phJn ch14ng trnh ny, cc thng bo cJn thiAt c;a &i$u khi'n
&1Bc &>t E b@ng &i$u khi'n. Cc thng bo &i$u khi'n bao g=m chH thF chA &,
ho.t &,ng &1Bc &>t, chH thF s/ b13c hin hnh v chH thF lWi x@y ra.
11.4.4 Kch ho7t ng ra
Cc lnh th6c hin cc b13c &4n c;a chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc kch ho.t trong
phJn ch14ng trnh xu)t lnh, &=ng thZi n &1Bc lin kAt v3i tn hiu spn sng
c;a phJn chA &, ho.t &,ng v cc tn hiu kha tU qu trnh x0 l. m &y cJn
l1u &An cc lnh &i$u khi'n b9ng tay c;a c4 c)u ch)p hnh trong chA &,
ho.t &,ng thiAt bF.
* Kc /i0m cJa /i,u khi0n trnh tD:
Cc #Tc #i+m quan tr3ng nh7t cCa #i/u khi+n trnh t c th+ k+ ra nh!
sau :
Cc b13c trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hin kA tiAp nhau theo m,t trnh t6 xc
&Fnh cho tr13c. Trnh t6 ny chH c th' bF @nh h1Eng khi c tn hiu
cho php chuWi trnh t6 v reset chuWi trnh t6.
Khi c tn hiu cho php chuWi trnh t6 v &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp &1Bc
tc &,ng th b13c sau &1Bc th6c hin.
Vic &ng m.ch cho b13c kA tiAp phO thu,c vo &i$u kin chuy'n tiAp
&1Bc &i$u khi'n tU qu trnh hay thng qua cc &i$u kin thZi gian.
Khi b13c sau &1Bc set th b13c tr13c & ph@i bF reset.
Cc lWi trong m,t chuWi trnh t6 c th' &1Bc xc &Fnh v phn tch m,t
cch nhanh chng. Vic tm lWi gi3i h.n trong cc b13c &1Bc set v
&i$u kin chuy'n tiAp c;a chng, cc lWi &1Bc tm ra E &y.
Khu an ton &1Bc thiAt lQp khng phO thu,c vo trnh t6 ch14ng
trnh v tn hiu c;a n &1Bc lin kAt v3i cc khu t14ng ?ng c;a
phJn kch ho.t ng ra.
11.5 Cc k hiGu
Vic bi'u di\n &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &1Bc th6c hin theo s4 &= kh/i. N
bi'u di\n v)n &$ &i$u khi'n cJn gi@i quyAt, khng phO thu,c vo cch th?c

191
th6c hin c;a n nh1 chA &, ho.t &,ng, s6 lCp &>t dy dkn cang nh1 vF tr lCp
&>t. S4 &= kh/i bK sung thm cch m t@ ho.t &,ng. NhZ & cc yu cJu cJn
thiAt trong ho.t &,ng v cng ngh &1Bc bi'u di'n c &]ng, rP rng. Nh1 vQy
s4 &= kh/i cang l m,t cng cO thch hBp di'n t@ qui trnh cng ngh gi7a nh
s@n xu)t v ng1Zi s0 dOng. D.ng bi'u di\n cho &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &1Bc cho
theo b>ng 11.1.
nghNa K hi'u
K hiu chung cho b13c
n : B13c th6c hin
xxx: Tn b13c th6c hin

Lnh:
A : Lo.i lnh.
B : Tn g]i v tc dOng c;a cc lnh
t3i thiAt bF &1Bc gi@i thch b9ng ch7 ( v
dO : bRng t@i dUng )
C : VF tr ngCt c;a lnh.

D1Zng dkn tc dOng
n : s/ k hiu c;a vF tr ngCt

Tm tCt c;a cc &1Zng dkn tc dOng
X,Y,Z : Tn cc &i$u kin &1Bc m t@
ngCn hay E d.ng ch7.

K hiu cc cKng logic.
1: CGng OR
& : CGng AND
=1: CGng XNOR

Cc ro nhnh
&: AND
1: OR

B>ng 11.1: Cc k hi'u
11.6 B#Ic trnh tD
M,t b13c trnh t6 &1Bc cho nh1 hnh vj 11.4. PhJn trn c k hiu n l
s/ b13c, phJn d13i dng &' m t@ ngCn ch?c nRng c;a b13c. B13c n &1Bc
n
xxx
&
1 = 1
n
A B C
X
Y
Z
&
1
192
set nAu t)t c@ cc ng vo I c gi trF logic 1. Cc ng ra Q E b13c &1Bc
set c gi trF 1 v spn sng &' set cho b13c tiAp theo ( n+ 1 ). B13c sj bF
reset nAu nh1 b13c sau ( n+ 1) &1Bc set. Ngoi ra m,t b13c c th' bF @nh
h1Eng bEi tn hiu reset R v tn hiu t6 do F .

Hnh 11.4: K hi'u cCa m$t b!9c v9i cc ng vo v ra
V dO sau l m,t ch14ng trnh bi'u di\n m,t b13c t14ng ?ng trong &i$u
khi'n trnh t6. Dy l tr1Zng hBp &4n gi@n nh)t g=m c m,t khu nh3 v3i
cKng AND &>t E ng S. Khu trnh t6 ny c th' bF Reset v3i lin kAt OR
thm vo E ng R.

Trong th' hin ch14ng trnh th m,t b13c &1Bc set t14ng ?ng v3i m,t
bit memory.
C)u trc c;a chuWi tuJn t6 t14ng ?ng trnh t6 cc b13c &i$u khi'n c;a
d6 n. C 2 ph14ng php bi'u di'n :

n
Text
F
F
R

Tn hiu &An tU b13c tr13c I I
Di$u kin chuy'n tiAp

Chuy'n tiAp
khng &i$u kin.
Cho php
Q
Q
Q Q
1 &
R S
1
F I
R
Xo b9ng vic Set
b13c sau (n+1)
Bit memory
I

193

S: #D bi+u di`n theo DIN 40719 S: #D bi+u di`n theo IEC-SC65A
Hnh 11.5: Cc cch bi+u di`n theo cc chudn khc nhau
m hai ph14ng php bi'u di\n trn, ch14ng ny chH trnh by s4 &= bi'u
di\n theo DIN 40719.
11.7 Cc lGnh bi0u dihn trong s6 /A ch"c nang
Cc lnh cho E ng ra c;a m,t b13c E phJn kch ho.t ng ra c;a khu
&i$u chHnh &1Bc &i$n vo dng bn ph@i c;a hnh ch7 nhQt c;a k hiu b13c.
K hiu lnh theo b13c &1Bc k hiu nh1 sau:

Vng A: Cho biAt lo.i lnh.
B13c 2

B13c 1
B13c 3

Lnh 1
B13c c4 b@n
B13c 1
Di$u kin chuy'n
tiAp cho b13c 3
B13c 2
B13c 3
B13c c4 b@n
Di$u kin khEi &,ng
Lnh 2
Di$u kin chuy'n
tiAp cho b13c 2
Di$u kin chuy'n
tiAp cho b13c 2
Lnh 3
Lnh 4
Di$u kin chuy'n
tiAp cho b13c 3
Lnh 5
Q
I I
n
Text
A B C
194
Vng B: ChH tc dOng c;a lnh gi@i thch b9ng ch7 (v dO &,ng c4 c
&in, &n H1 sng . . .).
Vng C: K hiu vF tr ngCt c;a lnh xu)t. NAu vF tr ngCt khng t=n t.i th
c th' bP vng ny.
MWi k hiu c th' s0 dOng nhi$u ng vo v3i cc tc dOng khc nhau.
Cc tc dOng &>c bit &1Bc k hiu thng qua ch7 ci:
Ng vo cho php: F.
Ng vo reset: R.
Ng vo cho cc thng bo l.i: RC.
M,t k hiu lnh cang &1Bc quyAt &Fnh v$ cc ng ra, ho>c &1Bc bi'u di\n
tr6c tiAp b9ng &1Zng dkn tc dOng ho>c s/ lnh c;a n &1Bc &i$n vo vng C.
Cc ng ra &1Bc k hiu RC dng &' thng bo l.i tU khu &i$u chHnh.
Cc lo.i lnh sau c th' &1Bc &i$n vo vng A:

LKnh ngh]a
D Lnh tr hon thZi gian
SD Lnh tr hon thZi gian v &1Bc duy tr
NSD Lnh tr hon thZi gian v khng &1Bc duy tr
NS Lnh khng &1Bc duy tr
R Reset l.i cc phJn t0 & bF set
S Lnh &1Bc duy tr
SH Lnh &1Bc duy tr trong tr1Zng hBp m)t &in
T Lnh gi3i h.n thZi gian
ST Lnh &1Bc duy tr v gi3i h.n thZi gian
* LGnh NS (khng &1Bc duy tr)
Lnh NS chH c tc dOng khi no b13c phO thu,c &1Bc kch ho.t. NAu
b13c sau &1Bc &ng m.ch th lnh NS khng cn tc dOng n7a.

V d) l'nh Bi+u di`n s: #D logic

Q0.0
&
&
M0.3 I1.0 M0.0 I0.2
NS Q0.0 Van 5 ON
M0.3
I0.2 I1.0 M0.0
3

195
* LGnh NSD (tr hon thZi gian v khng &1Bc duy tr)
Lnh NSD tc dOng nh1 lnh NS, vic xu)t lnh x@y ra ty thu,c vo qu
trnh c;a thZi gian tr hon t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c.

* LGnh T (gi3i h.n thZi gian )
Lnh gi3i h.n thZi gian bF xo thng qua m,t b13c. N &ng &in sau
m,t thZi gian xc &Fnh nAu b13c cn tch c6c. NAu b13c thot khPi tr13c thZi
gian &Fnh tr13c th lnh cang m)t tc dOng theo.

* LGnh S (duy tr)
Lnh duy tr &1Bc set trong m,t b13c v gi7 lun sau & nAu nh1 b13c
khng cn tc dOng n0a. BEi vQy lnh S ph@i &1Bc xa bEi lnh reset ( R) E
m,t b13c khc.

&
&
M1.5 I0.4
M1.2
I0.7
Q0.5
3s
0
&
&
M0.6 I0.1
M2.2 I1.0
Q1.2
10
0
T37
T Q1.2 Tn hiu c@nh
bo T37=10s
M0.6
I1.0 I0.1 M2.2
6
NSD Q0.5 Qu.t ON,
T37= 3s
M1.5
I0.7 I0.4 M1.2
5
196

* LGnh SD (tr hon thZi gian v &1Bc duy tr )
Lnh SD c tc dOng nh1 lnh S. Tuy nhin ng ra c tc dOng sau qu
trnh thZi gian tr hon t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c.

* LGnh SH (duy tr trong tr1Zng hBp m)t &in)
Lnh SH c tc dOng nh1 lnh S nh1ng sau & lnh &1Bc duy tr, nAu
nh1 v m,t nguyn nhn no & &in p cung c)p bF m)t.

M1.4
R Q0.3 Motor STOP
12
S Q0.3 Motor ON
M0.3
I0.4 I1.0
F
I1.1
F

I1.2
R
3
SD Q0.7 Van ON, T38=5s
M0.5
I0.2 I0.7
R
I1.0
F
M2.1
F
5
M1.5
R Q0.7 Van STOP
12
I1.1
&
&
M0.3
I1.0 I0.4
Q0.3
1
R S

1
M1.4
I1.2
M2.0
Q0.7
&
I1.0 M2.1
&
M0.5 I0.2
1
R S
I= 0 1
M1.5 I0.7
M3.0
t
0

T38

197

* LGnh ST (duy tr v gi3i h.n thZi gian)
Lnh ST c tc dOng nh1 lnh S. N cang cn &1Bc set nAu nh1 b13c
phO thu,c khng cn &1Bc Set n7a v chH ko di trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian
t &1Bc &i$u chHnh tr13c.


11.8 Cc ch: /1 ho7t /1ng, c8nh bo v xu4t lGnh
Ty theo yu cJu &i$u khi'n m ng1Zi vQn hnh c th' &>t tr.ng thi
ho.t &,ng c;a thiAt bF E cc tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng khc nhau. Ty theo chA &,
lm vic &1Bc &>t m chH cho tn hiu ng ra E cc &i$u kin xc &Fnh.
M,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n trnh t6 &Jy &; bn c.nh chuWi trnh t6 cn bao
g=m chA &, lm vic, c@nh bo v xu)t lnh.
Trong ch14ng ny chH trnh by chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i cc c@nh bo, hi'n
thF b13c v xu)t lnh trong &i$u khi'n trnh t6, cc chA &, ho.t &,ng bao g=m:
ChA &, t6 &,ng
13 SH Van ON
ST Q1.5 Ci ON, T39= 6s
M0.5
I0.2 I1.4
F
M2.2
F

5
M1.4
R Q1.5 Ci OFF
12
&
I1.4 M2.2
&
M0.5 I0.2
1
R S

1
M1.4
6s

0
T39
Q1.5
198
ChA &, tay (chA &, b13c &4n khng c &i$u kin)
11.8.1 B8ng /i,u khi0n
Giao tiAp gi7a ng1Zi vQn hnh v h th/ng &i$u khi'n l b@ng &i$u khi'n.
B@ng &i$u khi'n g=m c t)t c@ cc cng tCc ch]n l6a chA &,, nt nh)n phOc
vO theo yu cJu c;a ng1Zi &i$u khi'n. Ngoi ra trn b@ng &i$u khi'n cn c
cc b, chH thF &' c@nh bo.
B@ng &i$u khi'n &1Bc s0 dOng trong ch14ng ny c d.ng nh1 sau:

Hnh 11.6: B>ng #i/u khi+n tiu bi+u #i/u khi+n trnh t
D' trnh trng cc nt nh)n cang nh1 cc &n bo v3i cc yu cJu cng
ngh &>t ra cho cc bi tan &i$u khi'n th cc nt nh)n v cng tCc trn b@ng
&i$u khi'n &1Bc k hiu l I1, I2, I3, I4 v cc &n bo l Q0 Q4 v3i Q0..Q3
l b, m chH thF b13c trnh t6 cn Q4 l bo chA &, t6 &,ng.
Nhim vO c;a cc nt nh)n, cng tCc nh1 sau:
Cng tEc I1: TD /1ng/tay
Ch]n chA &, ho.t &,ng. NAu I1 = 1 l chA &, t6 &,ng, I1 = 0 l chA &,
tay.
Nt nh7n I2: Ch4p nh2n ch: /1
Khi I1 = 1 (chA &, t6 &,ng) th khi tc &,ng I2 th chuWi trnh t6 &1Bc &>t
v$ vF tr c4 b@n (vF tr c4 b@n) v E lJn tc &,ng kA tiAp th chA &, t6 &,ng
&1Bc th6c hin. NAu chuWi trnh t6 &ang sSn sng E vF tr c4 b@n th chH cJn
tc &,ng m,t lJn I2 chA &, t6 &,ng &1Bc th6c hin.
Khi I1 = 0 (chA &, tay) mWi lJn tc &,ng I2 sj &i &An b13c kA tiAp trong
chuWi trnh t6.
Nt nh7n I3: Cho php ho7t /1ng
Nt nh)n ph@i &1Bc tc &,ng E chA &, ho.t &,ng theo b13c &4n lo, &'
kch ho.t ng ra c;a mWi b13i.
Nt nh7n I4: Ddng
KAt thc chA &, ho.t &,ng t6 &,ng khi &An b13c cu/i cng trong chuWi
trnh t6.

199
11.8.2 Cc khu ch: /1 ho7t /1ng c c8nh bo
Cc chA &, ho.t &,ng c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 sj th6c hin x0 l tn hiu
tU b@ng &i$u khi'n v thiAt bF cung c)p cho chuWi trnh t6 cc tn hiu &i$u
khi'n &1Bc yu cJu nh1:
B0: Xung &' trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a chuWi trnh t6
B1: Cho php chuy'n sang b13c kA tiAp c &i$u kin
B2: Cho php chuy'n sang b13c kA tiAp khng c &i$u kin chuy'n m.ch
B3: Di$u kin khEi &,ng chuWi trnh t6
C)u trc ch14ng trnh c;a cc chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i cc tn hiu vo v
ra theo yu cJu nh1 sau:

Hnh 11.7: C7u trc ch!:ng trnh #i/u khi+n trnh t theo cc tn hi'u vo/ra
Ghi ch:
Tn hiu cho php 1 &/i v3i chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo c &i$u kin (t6 &,ng)
Tn hiu cho php 2 &/i v3i chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo khng &i$u kin (tay)
Tn hiu cho php 3 &/i v3i vic xu)t lnh
D13i &y l cc &o.n ch14ng trnh cho cc khu trong chA &, ho.t &,ng v3i:
Cc tn hiu vo l cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, GM0 v M0
Cc tn hiu ra l Q4, B0, B1, B2, B3 v cc nh3 phO l B10, B11 v B12.
200

Tn hiGu B0:

Tn hiGu Q4 v B1:

Tn hiGu B12:

Tn hiGu B2: Cho php chuy'n m.ch tiAp theo khng &i$u kin

Di$u kin khEi &,ng cho chuWi trnh t6 (x0 l m,t lJn)

Di$u kin khEi &,ng cho chuWi trnh t6 (x0 l l>p l.i)

201

Cho php lnh:

Do.n ch14ng trnh trn l ch14ng trnh tKng qut c;a cc chA &, ho.t
&,ng v3i &i$u khi'n trnh t6. Ty theo tUng bi ton cO th' m ta sj gn cho
cc ng vo I1, I2, I3, I4, I0, Q4 cc ng vo v ra t14ng ?ng; GM0, M0, B0,
B1, B2, B3, B10, B11 v B12 gn cho cc nh3 M t14ng ?ng.
11.8.3 Hi0n th> b#Ic trnh tD
Tn hiu hi'n thF &' c@nh bo tr.ng thi ho.t &,ng c;a thiAt bF &1Bc lQp
trnh sSn trong cc khu chA &, ho.t &,ng.
Tn hiu &' c)p cho hi'n thF b13c l s6 kAt hBp c;a cc nh3 c;a cc
b13c.
11.8.4 Xu4t lGnh
Trong phJn xu)t lnh c;a &i$u khi'n trnh t6 th lnh xu)t &1Bc lin kAt tU
tn hiu cho php lnh v3i nh3 b13c trnh t6.
11.9 Cc v d% "ng d%ng
Trong cc v dO sj khng trnh by phJn kAt n/i dy v3i PLC n7a. PhJn
ny yu cJu b.n &]c t6 th6c hin.
11.9.1 My phay /6n gi8n
M t8 ho7t /1ng:
Khi )n nt khEi &,ng S1 th bn my di chuy'n v$ h13ng ph@i. Khi bn
my g>p cng tCc hnh trnh S2 th t6 &,ng quay ng1Bc trE l.i. Trong chi$u
ch.y ng1Bc, nAu bn phay &Ong cng tCc hnh trnh S3 th t6 &,ng &@o chi$u.
Qu trnh c? thA l>p &i l>p l.i.
Khi )n nt dUng S0 th bn phay tiAp tOc quay cho hAt chu k` v chH dUng
l.i khi trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (gi3i h.n tri).
202
Th6c hin viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n my phay ny theo ph14ng php
trnh t6.
S: '/ cng nghK:
Bn phay
S3
Gi3i h.n tri
S2
Gi3i h.n ph@i
S1 S0
START STOP

Hnh 11.8: S: #D cng ngh' my phay #:n gi>n
S: '/ 'i(u khi*n theo trnh tL:
1
2
3
Quay ph@i
Quay tri
KAt thc
Bn phay E gi3i h.n tri, I0.3
Nt nh)n khEi &,ng S1 (I0.1)
Bn phay E gi3i h.n ph@i, I0.2
Bn phay E gi3i h.n tri, I0.3
NS Bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng ph@i (contactor K1), Q0.0
NS Bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng tri (contactor K2), Q0.1
S nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
R nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
Q
S
R
nh3 khEi &,ng tCt (M0.0)
Nt nh)n dUng S0 (I0.0)
(M1.0)
(M1.2)
(M1.3)
(M1.1)

Hnh 11.9: S: #D #i/u khi+n theo trnh t my phay #:n gi>n
B@ng k hiu:
Cc biMn vo

203
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng
S2 I0.2 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo gi3i h.n ph@i, NC
S3 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo gi3i h.n tri,NC
Cc biMn ra
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng ph@i
K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n bn phay ch.y v$ h13ng tri
Ch14ng trnh
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

204

Bi'u di\n E STL:
Network 1 Buoc co ban
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.0
= M1.0
LPP
ALD
O M1.0
= M1.0

Network 2 Buoc 1: Quay phai
LDN M0.0
AN I0.3
A M1.0
LD M1.2
NOT
LPS
A M1.1
= M1.1
LPP
ALD
O M1.1
= M1.1

205

Network 3 Buoc 2: Quay tri

LD M1.1
AN I0.2
LD M1.3
NOT
LPS
A M1.2
= M1.2
LPP
ALD
O M1.2
= M1.2

Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc
LD M1.2
AN I0.3
LD M1.1
O M0.0
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.3
= M1.3
LPP
ALD
O M1.3
= M1.3

Network 5 Thuc hien nhiem vu trong
buoc 1: Contactor K1
LD M1.1
= Q0.0
S M0.0, 1

buoc 2: contactor K2
LD M1.2
= Q0.1

buoc 3
LD M1.3
R M0.0, 1
11.9.2 Bang chuy,n /:m to
M t8 ho7t /1ng:
Khi )n nt khEi &,ng ON th bRng chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng. Khi thng &An
vF tr th dUng l.i v bRng chuy$n to ho.t &,ng. NAu s/ l1Bng to &Am &1Bc
b9ng 12 th bRng chuy$n to dUng. BRng chuy$n ch.y tiAp cho &An khi m,t
thng th? hai &ng vF tr th dUng l.i. Qu trnh &1Bc l>p &i l>p l.i cho &An khi
no )n nt OFF.
S: '/ cng nghK:
206

Hnh 11.10: S: #D cng ngh' b\ng chuy/n #8m to
B@ng k hiu:
Cc biMn vo
OFF I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng, NC
ON I0.1 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng
CB_tao I0.2 C@m biAn to, NC
CB_thung I0.3 C@m biAn thng &ng vF tr,NO
Cc biMn ra
K1 Q0.0 Contactor &i$u khi'n bRng chuy$n to
K2 Q0.1 Contactor &i$u khi'n bRng chuy$n thng
S: '/ 'i(u khi*n theo trnh tL:
BRng chuy$n to
BRng chuy$n thng

207
1
2
3
B.chuy$n to
B.chuy$n thng
KAt thc
B.chuy$n to dUng
Nt nh)n khEi &,ng S1 (I0.1)
Thng &ng vF tr (I0.3)
D &; s/ l1Bng to cho thng (C1)
NS B.chuy$n thng ho.t &,ng (contactor K1), Q0.0
NS B, &Am to, C1 (12 qu@)
S nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
R nh3 khEi &,ng, M0.0
Q
S
R
nh3 khEi &,ng tCt (M0.0)
Nt nh)n dUng S0 (I0.0)
(M1.0)
(M1.2)
(M1.3)
(M1.1)
NS B.chuy$n to ho.t &,ng (contactor K2), Q0.1
C@m biAn to (I0.2)
S0 (I0.0)
R Xa b, &Am to C1

Hnh 11.11: S: #D #i/u khi+n theo trnh t b\ng chuy/n #8m to

Ch14ng trnh
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

208


209

Ch7:ng trnh bi*u diHn 9 STL:
Network 1 Buoc co ban
LD I0.1
LDN I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.0
= M1.0
LPP
ALD
O M1.0
= M1.0
Network 2 Buoc 1: Bang chuyen
thung
LDN M0.0
AN Q0.1
A M1.0
LD M1.2
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.1
= M1.1
LPP
ALD
O M1.1
= M1.1
Network 3 Buoc 2: Bang chuyen tao
LD I0.3
EU
A M1.1
LD M1.3
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.2
= M1.2
LPP
ALD
O M1.2
= M1.2
Network 4 Buoc 3: Ket thuc
LD C1
A M1.2
LD M1.1
ON I0.0
NOT
LPS
A M1.3
= M1.3
LPP
ALD
O M1.3
= M1.3

buoc 1
LD M1.1
= Q0.0
S M0.0, 1

buoc 2
LD M1.2
= Q0.1

Network 7 Dem tao
LD M1.2
AN I0.2
LD M1.1
CTU C1, 12

Network 8 Thuc hien nhiem vu buoc
3
LD M1.3
R M0.0, 1
210
BT 11.1 n giao thng
M,t giao l, hnh @nh v c chA &, lm vic nh1 hnh 11.12
S: #D cng ngh' v gi>n #D thKi gian

Dng-Ty &P
Dng-Ty vng
Nam-BCc &P
Nam-BCc vng
60s
Dng-Ty xanh
Nam-BCc xanh
60s 10s 10s

Hnh 11.12: S: #D cng ngh' #n giao thng v gi>n #D thKi gian

211
B>ng k hi'u
S1 I0.0 Cng tCc h th/ng
H1 Q0.0 Dng-Ty &P
H2 Q0.1 Dng-Ty vng
H3 Q0.2 Dng-Ty xanh
H4 Q0.3 Nam-BCc &P
H5 Q0.4 Nam-BCc vng
H6 Q0.5 Nam-BCc xanh
Khi bQt cng tCc S1 v$ vF tr ON th h th/ng &n giao thng ho.t &,ng
theo s4 &= thZi gian trn. m vF tr OFF th ton b, h th/ng &n tCt.
Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo ph14ng php trnh t6.
BT 11.2 Xe chuy0n nguyn liGu

Hnh 11.13: S: #D cng ngh' xe chuy+n nguyn li'u
B>ng k hi'u
Start I0.0 KhEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE.
End 1 I0.1 Cng tCc hnh trnh E tr.m x@, th1Zng &ng
Fill 1 I0.2 C@m biAn bo xe rKng, th1Zng &ng.
212
End 2 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh tr.m n.p, th1Zng &ng.
Fill 2 I0.4 C@m biAn bo &Jy, th1Zng hE.
Stop I0.5 DUng, th1Zng &ng.
Step I0.6 ChA &, b13c, th1Zng hE.
Auto I0.7 ChA &, t6 &,ng, th1Zng hE.
Dir_A Q0.0 Xe ch.y v$ h13ng A
Dir_B Q0.1 Xe ch.y v$ h13ng B
Y1 Q0.2 Van x@ nguyn liu
Y2 Q0.3 Van th;y l6c
M tB hoEt 'Sng
Xe vQn chuy'n nguyn liu ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:
* Xe vQn chuy'n nguyn liu c th' th6c hin qua cng tCc ch]n chA &,:
- ChA &, t6 &,ng: I0.6
- ChA &, b13c: I0.7
* VF tr c4 b@n: Xe E vF tr cng tCc hnh trnh End 2 (I0.3 v xe ch1a
&1Bc lm &Jy.
ChM 'S tL 'Sng:
Khi xe E vF tr c4 b@n v cng tCc ch]n chA &, &>t E chA &, t6 &,ng, khi
nh)n nt khEi &,ng (I0.0) th van x@ Y1 mE, vQt liu &1Bc &K vo xe, c@m biAn
Fill 2 dng &' nhQn biAt xe & &1Bc &K &Jy. Khi xe &Jy th van x@ Y1 m)t &in
v xe ch.y v$ h13ng B sau thZi gian Kn &Fnh 5s, xe dUng l.i t.i B (tr.m nhQn
nguyn liu) khi ch.m cng tCc hnh trnh S2. Xy lanh th;y l6c c;a thiAt bF x@
&1Bc &i$u khi'n v t)m chCn trn xe &1Bc mE vQt liu &1Bc rt vo b=n
ch?a. Khi xe x@ hAt vQt liu c@m biAn S4 pht ra tn hiu 1, pit tng th;y l6c
c;a thiAt bF x@ m)t &in, t)m chCn trE v$ vF tr ca, xe dUng 5 giy sau & ch.y
v$ h13ng A. Chu k` ho.t &,ng &1Bc l>p l.i.
NAu trong chu k` ho.t &,ng m nt dUng &1Bc )n th qu trnh vkn tiAp
tOc cho &An khi xe trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (xe rWng v E tr.m nhQn nguyn liu) v
dUng hpn.
ChM 'S b7Qc:
m mWi b13c th6c hin ph@i thng qua nt nh)n start.
V dO : khi )n start xe &ng vF tr van x@ &1Bc mE, khi xe &Jy th S3 tc
&,ng, van x@ &ng l.i. NAu tiAp tOc )n start th xe ch.y v$ h13ng B.
Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n xe chuy'n nguyn liu ny theo &i$u
khi'n trnh t6.


213
BT 11.3 Thi:t b> v n#Ic chai

Hnh 11.14: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU v n!9c chai
BBng k hiKu

S1 I0.0 Gi3i h.n trn c;a cJn v nu3c, th1Zng &ng
S2 I0.1 Gi3i h.n d13i c;a cJn v n13c, th1Zng &ng
S3 I0.2 C@m biAn vF tr chai, th1Zng hE
S4 I0.3 KhEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE
S5 I0.4 Chai &ng vF tr trong kt, th1Zng hE
K1 Q0.0 Van x@ nu3c
K2 Q0.1 H. cJn v n13c xu/ng
K3 Q0.2 Nng cJn v n13c ln
K4 Q0.3 BRng t@i vQn chuy'n chai rWng
K5 Q0.4 Dn bo kt &Jy
M tB

214
ThiAt bF v n13c chai ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:
Tr13c khi vQn hnh thiAt bF v n13c chai th cc chai rWng ph@i &1Bc &>t
ln bRng t@i. NAu sau & nt nh)n khEi &,ng ( I0.3) &1Bc tc &,ng, th bRng
t@i sj vQn chuy'n chai rWng v3i thZi gian tr hon ban &Ju l 1s. BRng t@i dUng
l.i khi c m,t chai &An c@m biAn vF tr (I0.2).
By giZ cJn v n13c sj h. tU trn xu/ng, khi &An gi3i h.n d13i (I0.1) th
dUng l.i, sau & 1s th van x@ sj &1Bc mE &K n13c vo chai, van x@ sj &ng
l.i khi chai &Jy thZi gian lm &Jy ko di kho@ng 3s.
Sau khi van x@ &ng l.i 1s th cJn v n13c &1Bc nng ln, &An gi3i h.n
trn (I0.0) th dUng l.i. Sau & 1s th bRng t@i vQn chuy'n chai rWng l.i tiAp tOc
v qu trnh c? thA l>p l.i.
Chai & &K &Jy n13c &1Bc &1a sang bRng t@i &1a chai vo kt khi bRng
t@i chai rWng ho.t &,ng, khi chai &ng vF tr trong kt th c m,t tn hiu pht ra
(I0.4).
Qu trnh &1Bc l>p &i lRp l.i cho &An khi no s/ l1Bng chai trong kt &;
12 th &n bo sng ln v h th/ng dUng l.i. Qu trnh m3i l.i bCt &Ju khi nt
nh)n khEi &,ng &1Bc tc &,ng.
Hy viAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n s0 dOng ph14ng php trnh t6.
BT 11.4 My u;n thanh kim lo7i
S: '/ cng nghK:

Hnh 11.15: S: #D cng ngh' my u-n thanh kim lo@i
Cc thanh kim lo.i cJn &1Bc u/n m,t &Ju theo theo m,t khun cho tr13c
(s4 &= cng ngh). Qui trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my nh1 sau:
- Thanh kim lo.i cJn u/n &1Bc &>t ln khun u/n
- qn nt khEi &,ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h. xu/ng &' gi7 l)y thanh
kim lo.i.

215
- Khi thanh kim lo.i &1Bc gi7 ch>t (nhQn biAt bEi cng tCc hnh trnh
S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' u/n thanh kim lo.i vung gc
tr13c. Sau khi u/n xong th t6 &,ng nng ln nhZ cng tCc hnh
trnh S4.
- Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S3) th xy lanh
Cyl.3 &1Bc &[y &' u/n thanh kim lo.i E giai &]an u/n cu/i theo
&Fnh hnh c;a khun u/n. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 &An vF tr S6 th t6 &,ng
rt ng1Bc v$.
- Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v$ &An vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S5) th xy
lanh Cyl.1 cang rt v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n (nhQn biAt bEi S1). Lc
ny thanh kim lo.i &1Bc t6 do. Ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' l)y ra v &>t
m,t thanh kim lo.i m3i vo. V m,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju.
BT 11.5 My doa miGng ;ng kim lo7i
tng kim lo.i cJn &1Bc doa ming theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng
ngh).
S6 /A cng nghG:

Hnh 11.16: S: #D cng ngh' my doa mi'g -ng kim lo@i.
My ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:
Ng1Zi vQn hnh &>t /ng kim lo.i cJn doa ming vo vF tr sao cho
ming /ng ph@i ch.m vo c0 ch>n ming /ng. Sau & )n nt nh)n S0, xy lanh
Cyl.1 sj ksp /ng l.i. khi /ng & &1Bc ksp th c0 ch>n ming /ng t6 &,ng rt
v$. Xy lanh Cyl.2 sj h. xu/ng doa ming /ng theo khun A. thZi gian doa
khPang 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v$ v khun B &1Bc xylanh Cyl.4 &1a
vo. Sau khi khun B &1Bc &1a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' doa ming
/ng theo khun B. T14ng t6 nh1 khun A vic doa kho@ng 3s. Sau & xy lanh
Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cang rt khun B v$ v &>t
216
khun A v$ vF tr sSn sng cho /ng kim lo.i kA tiAp. Sau khi ming /ng &
&1Bc doa theo khun B xong th xy lanh ksp /ng Cyl.1 co v$ th@ /ng kim lo.i
khPi hm ksp. Xy lanh Cyl.2 &1Bc &[y trE v$ vF tr ch>n ming /ng. M,t chu k`
m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju.
BT 11.6 B/n trSn
Hai lo.i ch)t lPng khc nhau &1Bc tr,n v &1Bc nung nng &An m,t nhit
&, xc &Fnh theo s4 &= cng ngh nh1 hnh vj.
M t8 ho7t /1ng:
Sau khi nt nh)n S0 &1Bc tc &,ng th van Y1 mE cho ch)t lPng A vo
b=n &An cng tCc gi3i h.n m?c S2 th &ng l.i. Sau & &,ng c4 khu)y &1Bc
c)p &in v van Y2 &1Bc mE. Khi cng tCc gi3i h.n m?c S3 tc &,ng th van
Y2 &ng l.i v &in trE nung H &1Bc c)p &in. C@m biAn nhit S4 thng bo
nhit & &.t &An nhit &, cho tr13c th &in trE nung v &,ng c4 khu)y m)t
&in v van Y3 &1Bc mE. Khi cng tCc bo m?c S1 thng bo r9ng b=n & x@
hAt th van Y3 &ng l.i v m,t qu trnh m3i &1Bc l>p l.i nAu nt nh)n S0
&1Bc tc &,ng.
S6 /A cng nghG:

Hnh 11.17: BDn tr$n
B@ng &i$u khi'n:

217
I1
I2
I3
I4
Ch)p nhQn chA &,
T6 &,ng/tay
Cho php ho.t &,ng
DUng
Bo chA &, t6 &,ng
Hi'n thF b13c
Q4
Q1 Q0 Q2 Q3

B@ng k hiu:
Cc biMn vo
I1 I1.1 Cng tCc tay/t6 &,ng
I2 I1.2 Ch)p nhQn chA &,
I3 I1.3 Cho php ho.t &,ng
I4 I1.4 DUng
S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng
S1 I0.1 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 1 (b=n rWng)
S2 I0.2 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 2
S3 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh bo m6c ch)t lPng 3
S4 I0.4 C@m biAn nhit &,
Cc biMn ra
Q0 Q0.6 ChH thF b13 gi trF 1
Q1 Q0.7 ChH thF b13c gi trF 2
Q2 Q1.0 ChH thF b13c gi trF 4
Q4 Q1.1 ChH thF chA &, t6 &,ng
Y1 Q0.0 Van Y1, van mE Q0.0=1
H Q0.3 Din trE nung
M Q0.4 D,ng c4 khu)y

12 An ton trong PLC Chu Ch YGc
218
12 An ton trong PLC
12.1 Khi niGm v m%c /ch
An ton c;a m,t thiAt bF &in khng chH ch &/i v3i PLC m cn ch
&An tKng th' cc ho.t &,ng bn ngoi my mc v thiAt bF. S6 an ton c;a
m,t trang bF &in ph@i &1Bc th6c hin khng phO thu,c vo lo.i &i$u khi'n, v
dO &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor hay PLC.
Khi nim an ton &1Bc hi'u theo nghâ kh@ nRng c;a m,t h th/ng c
tc dOng trong m,t gi3i h.n cho tr13c trong m,t kho@ng thZi gian xc &Fnh m
khng c nguy hi'm x@y ra. An ton chH c th' &.t &1Bc trong kho@ng gi3i h.n
cho tr13c. Cc gi3i h.n ny thu,c v$ cc &i$u kin mi tr1Zng nh1:
- Nhit &,
- D, [m
- S6 tc &,ng c4 kh
- B@o d1Lng &ng
- S0 dOng &ng
- ThZi gian ho.t &,ng
MOc &ch c;a an ton l:
- Khng gy nguy hi'm &An tnh m.ng v s?c khPe con ng1Zi
- B@o &@m cho my mc, thiAt bF tr13c cc s6 c/ &ng tiAc
- Bnh th1Zng trong cc tr1Zng hBp lWi
12.2 H# h`ng N PLC
Trong th6c tA chH ra r9ng 95% t)t c@ cc h1 hPng l do thiAt bF ngo.i
vi. Cc h1 hPng c th' l:
- D?t dy dkn &An thiAt bF hay khu &i$u chHnh
- Cc h1 hPng E c4 c)u ch)p hnh nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc, cng
tCc hnh trnh.
- H1 hPng E khu &i$u chHnh.
Cn &/i v3i h1 hPng do PLC gy ra th vo kho@ng 5%. HJu hAt l do
cc kh/i vo/ra, b, x0 l trung tm hay ngu=n cung c)p.
H1 hPng E cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n &1Bc phn b/ nh1 sau:
Chu Ch YGc 12 An ton trong PLC

219

TU s4 &= trn, ta c th' phn &on &1Bc cc lWi xu)t hin E &u &'
tm lWi E thiAt bF ngo.i vi hay E PLC.
Cc lWi ngo.i vi c th' nhQn biAt, nAu:
- T)t c@ cc ng vo/ra c;a PLC c LED hi'n thF
- V3i s6 gip &L c;a thiAt bF lQp trnh (&>t E chA &, Online)
- NAu cc thng bo lWi c th' &1Bc th6c hin v3i phJn m$m
Cc lWi E PLC c th' &1Bc nhQn biAt nAu cc tr.ng thi bn trong h th/ng
&1Bc chH thF v3i cc LED bo tr.ng thi, v dO nh1:
- Gim st ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n, &i$u khi'n chu k`
- Ki'm tra ngu=n cung c)p
- Gim st nhit &,
- . . . .
Bn c.nh & cc lWi cang c th' &1Bc in ra E d.ng vRn b@n &' d\ tm lWi.
12.3 Cc quan /i0m v, kf thu2t an ton N PLC
12.3.1 Cc lei nguy hi0m v khng nguy hi0m
Cc lWi c th' xu)t hin trong &i$u khi'n E m,t vF tr b)t k`. Khi m,t lWi
xu)t hin, n c th' l lWi nguy hi'm hay khng nguy hi'm ty thu,c vo @nh
h1Eng no m n gy ra &/i v3i tr.ng thi tn hiu th6c hin
Cc lIi nguy hi+m #!Ac xem l nguy hi+m, n8u:
- Gy h.i &An s6 an ton cho con ng1Zi v my mc, thiAt bF
- Cc lWi ny cJn ph@i &1Bc ngRn ngUa
- Tc dOng c;a n ph@i &1Bc ngRn ngUa &/i v3i ho.t &,ng an ton c;a
thiAt bF.
Cc lIi khng nguy hi+m, n8u:
H1 hPng
do PLC
5%
H1 hPng E
ngo.i vi
10%
90%
25%
25%
25%
25%
Cc ch?c nRng
trung tm
Ng vo/ra
Thanh ghi
B, nh3
Bus h th/ng
Ngu=n cung c)p
95%
220
- Khng tc h.i &An s6 an ton
- N c th' &1Bc x0 l, v dO v3i cc ngCt bo lWi
- CCt truy$n &,ng.
Cc lWi nguy hi'm v khng nguy hi'm c th' xu)t hin l lWi tch c6c (tn
hiu 1 E ng ra, &ng lj ra n ph@i l 0) ho>c lWi khng tch c6c (tn hiu
0 E ng ra, &ng lj ra n ph@i l 1).
12.3.2 Cc cch gi8i quy:t cho ho7t /1ng an ton cJa thi:t b> /i,u khi0n PLC
Khng c m,t gi@i php kX thuQt an ton no c gi trF chung cho t)t
c@ cc v)n &$ &i$u khi'n, v mWi s6 &i$u khi'n c &>c &i'm ring, &i$u kin
cng ngh, trnh t6 ho.t &,ng, qui luQt v &i$u kin mi tr1Zng. TU &, &/i v3i
mWi thiAt bF ph@i &1Bc quyAt &Fnh l)y ph14ng php kX thuQt an ton no &'
trnh &1Bc cc s6 c/ &ng tiAc cho ng1Zi v my mc. Hin t.i vkn ch1a c
gi@i &p tha mn v$ phJn c?ng v phJn m$m cho v)n &$ an ton.
Cc nh chA t.o PLC & &1a vo cc ch?c nRng an ton c;a thiAt bF
&i$u khi'n PLC. Chng gip cho ng1Zi dng trnh &1Bc tnh tr.ng &?ng my
c;a thiAt bF t6 &,ng &' th6c hin c ch)t l1Bng v hiu qu@ cao.
C th' tm tCt cc cch gi@i quyAt cho ho.t &,ng an ton nh1 sau:
- C)u trc PLC an ton
- ThiAt bF gim st bn trong h th/ng c;a PLC (gim st ho.t &,ng
ch14ng trnh (watch-dog), ph14ng php &nh d)u ki'm tra).
- ThiAt kA &ng (s6 &ng m.ch l.i, dUng kh[n c)p, thZi gian gim
st, d6 phng )
- LQp trnh an ton khi &?t dy
- Cc m.ch an ton cao
- LCp m.ch b@o v cc ng ra
Cc m@ch an ton cao
Cc m.ch an ton cao l cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n phO &1Bc th6c hin E
ng ra c;a PLC cho ch?c nRng an ton. Cc thiAt bF &i$u khi'n ny &@m
nhQn ch?c nRng an ton ring cho thiAt bF &i$u khi'n
- Cc kha
Cc kha cJn thiAt &' trnh cc tr.ng thi &ng m.ch khng mong
mu/n. C cc lo.i kha c?ng khc nhau sau:
* Kha 2 ng vo (hnh 12.10)
Tr1Zng hBp ny chH s0 dOng &/i v3i cc m.ch &i$u khi'n &,ng c4
quay ph@i, tri dng contactor. Cn trong PLC khng bCt bu,c.

221
* Kha ng ra (hnh 12.11)
m &y cc ng ra &1Bc kha cho lkn nhau s0 dOng tiAp &i'm
th1Zng &ng. Di$u ny trnh cho cc contactor &i$u khi'n &,ng c4
quay ph@i v quay tri &ng cng lc.
Lo.i kho ny E PLC l lo.i kha &1Bc chH &Fnh bCt bu,c, v hin
t1Bng dnh tiAp &i'm c;a contactor v lWi lQp trnh gy ra.
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
Q0.0 L+ Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
PLC
24 Vdc
Trai
Phai

I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
Q0.0 L+ Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
PLC
24 Vdc
Trai Phai
K1 K2
K2
K1

Hnh 12.14: Kha 2 ng vo Hnh 12.15: Kha 2 ng ra
* Kha do nhWn 2 tay cng lc
Trong kha ny cJn ph@i lQp
trnh sao cho vic tc &,ng
nt nh)n trong m,t thZi gian
xc &Fnh (v dO 0,2s).
* Cng t^c giQi hEn an ton
m m,t thiAt bF nng, nAu cng
tCc hnh trnh bF h1 hPng th
sj c nguy hi'm x@y ra, v vQy
cJn ph@i c cc cng tCc
hnh trnh an ton v &n bo
tiAp &i'm bF h1 hPng.

Hnh 12.16: SH d%ng cng tMc giIi h7n an ton
- Cng t^c bBo vK 'Sng c:
Cng tCc b@o v &,ng c4 l m,t cng tCc 3 c6c b@o v qu t@i cho
&,ng c4. Chng &1Bc lCp &>t tr6c tiAp vo m.ch &in chnh c;a
&,ng c4 &1Bc &i$u khi'n. Tn hiu h=i tiAp v$ c;a cng tCc b@o v
&,ng c4 &1Bc n/i vo ng vo c;a PLC.
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
Q0.0 L+ Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
PLC
24 Vdc
Dung
S1
S2 S3 S4 S5
Nang Ha Tren Duoi
S10 S11
K1 K2
Nang Ha
Tren Duoi 24 Vdc
222
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
Q0.0 L+ Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7
PLC
24 Vdc
OFF
S1
F1
S5
ON
Bao ve dong co
K1
24 Vdc

M
3~
I>> I>> I>>
L1
L2
L3
N
F2
F1
K1

Hnh 12.17: S[ d)ng cng tEc b>o v' #$ng c: trong h' th-ng #i/u khi+n bPng
PLC
- Cng t^c d8ng khZn cWp
Cng tCc dUng c)p ph@i &1Bc tch ra khPi khu truy$n &,ng v thiAt
bF &i$u chHnh. Thng qua tc dOng c;a n c th' trnh &1Bc s6 nguy
hi'm cho ng1Zi v thiAt bF.
T)t c@ cc thiAt bF c@nh bo khng &1Bc php tCt khi c s6 tc &,ng
bEi nt dUng kh[n c)p. Chng gip cho biAt tr.ng thi s6 c/ x@y ra.
Hnh vj d13i &y v dO m,t m.ch DeNG KHfN CiP.
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 M
1L Q0.0 Q0.1 2L Q0.2 Q0.3 3L Q0.4
PLC
24 Vdc
OFF
S1
S5
ON
K5
K6
Q0.5
K5 K6
K6
S10
S9
~
=
+
-
K5
K4 K3
K1 K2 K3 K4
H1 H2
L1
N
F1 F2 F3

Hnh 12.18: V d) m@ch DeNG KHfN CiP trong h' th-ng #i/u khi+n bPng
PLC

223
Cc contactor K1, K2 l cc khu khng nguy hi'm v vQy khng cJn thiAt
ph@i cCt m.ch b9ng nt dUng kh[n c)p S9. Cc &n H1, H2 l cc thiAt bF
c@nh bo. Cc contactor K3, K4 dng &' &i$u khi'n cc &,ng c4, &y l khu
nguy hi'm nn nh)t thiAt ph@i bF cCt &in nAu nt dUng kh[n c)p S9 &1Bc )n.
Khi nt d8ng khZn cWp S9 &1Bc tc &,ng th cc contactor K5, K6 m)t &in,
cc tiAp &i'm K5, K6 &1Bc n/i v3i ng vo I0.4 (dng cho dUng kh[n c)p) sj
trE v$ tr.ng thi bnh th1Zng (th1Zng hE), thng qua ch14ng trnh K3 v K4
sj bF m)t &in.
L#p trnh an ton khi 'Nt dy
LQp trnh an ton khi &?t dy c nghâ l khi &?t dy E m,t tn hiu ng
vo th cang khng c nguy hi'm x@y ra. V dO trong hnh 3.15 l tr1Zng
hBp &?t dy sj khng x@y ra s6 c/ nguy hi'm.
S6 &?t dy c th' gy ra tc dOng nguy hi'm, nAu tn hiu 0 ngRn c@n
s6 cCt truy$n &,ng, &ng m.ch truy$n &,ng ho>c ngRn c@n cc c@nh bo
nguy hi'm. Ng1Bc l.i s6 &?t dy c th' khng gy nguy hi'm, tn hiu
0 cCt truy$n &,ng, ngRn c@n s6 &ng m.ch truy$n &,ng v &ng cc
c@nh bo nguy hi'm, m>c d khng c nguy hi'm t=n t.i.
TU s6 suy &on ny c th' &1a ra cc yu cJu sau cho cc tn hiu ng vo:
- B, pht tn hiu &' truy$n &,ng ph@i c tn hiu 1 khi tc &,ng n (vd:
tiAp &i'm th1Zng hE).
- B, pht tn hiu &' cCt truy$n &,ng khi tc &,ng ph@i c tn hiu 0 (vd:
tiAp &i'm th1Zng &ng).
- B, pht tn hiu &' c@nh bo nguy hi'm,
khi tc &,ng hay bi'u thF nguy hi'm ph@i
c tn hiu 0 E ng vo PLC
NAu m,t b, pht tn hiu trong &i$u
khi'n thi hnh nhi$u ch?c nRng th cJn ph@i
&1Bc xem xt, ch?c nRng no cJn &1Bc th6c
hin tr13c cang nh1 ch?c nRng no bi'u di\n
s6 quan tr]ng E kX thuQt an ton. m &y ph@i
&>t ra cu hPi: S6 &i$u khi'n x@y ra nh1 thA
no khi &?t dy?
V3i s6 xem xt c tnh nguyn tCc ny
cho php thiAt bF &i$u khi'n tU ch14ng trnh
th6c hin an ton E cc b13c tiAp theo. NAu
cc yu cJu an ton &1Bc &>t cao h4n, th lWi
nguy hi'm ph@i &1Bc nhQn biAt thng qua cc
bin php phO v ngRn c@n cc tc dOng c;a
n.

12.4 B8o vG cc ng ra PLC
D?t dy t.o ra
tn hiu 0
I0.0
Q0.0
PLC
OFF
S1
K1
Hnh 12.19: S c# '(t dy
khng nguy hi*m
224
Tr1Zng hBp cc ng ra c;a PLC n/i v3i cc cu,n khng th cJn ph@i b@o
v cho chng &' trnh hin t1Bng qu p khi ng ra m)t &in. Ty theo ng ra
&1Bc thiAt kA cho ?ng dOng m c th' s0 dOng cc linh kin thch hBp &' b@o
v.
12.4.1 B8o vG ng ra dng Transistor
Ng ra S7-200 DCTransistor c diode zenner &' b@o v cho n. Vic lCp
thm m,t diode bn ngoi cang gip cho vic b@o v ng ra khi t@i mCc v3i
cu,n c@m &' trnh qu p trn cc diode n,i. C hai cch lCp cc m.ch b@o
v nh1 hnh 12.20 v 12.21 (trch tU sK tay S7-200). Trong tr1Zng hBp ny
cang c th' s0 dOng m.ch b@o v dng diode ho>c diode kAt hBp v3i zenner
nh1ng &in p U
Z
c;a Zenner ph@i l)y &An 36V.

Hinh 4.20: M@ch b>o v' ng ra Hinh 4.21: M@ch b>o v' ng ra
transistor v9i diode transistor v9i diode zenner
12.4.2 B8o vG ng ra R6le c nguAn /i,u khi0n DC
Trong tr1Zng hBp ny ng1Zi ta th1Zng s0 dOng m.ng &in trE/tO &in v
&in p &i$u khi'n c th' &An 30VDC.
12.4.3 B8o vG ng ra R6le v ng ra AC c nguAn /i,u khi0n AC
Khi s0 dOng r4le ho>c ng ra AC &' &ng cCt t@i 115V/220 VAC, th
c th' b@o v b9ng &in trE/tO &in ho>c cang c th' s0 dOng Varistor &' gi3i
h.n &in p &Hnh nh1ng ch r9ng &in p lm vic c;a Varistor t nh)t ph@i
l3n h4n 20% &in p lm vic bnh th1Zng.

Hnh 12.18: M@ch b>o v' dng #i'n trH/t) #i'n cho ng ra relay c nguDn #i/u
khi+n DC

Hnh 12.19: M@ch b>o v' ng ra relay c nguDn #i/u khi+n AC.
Cu,n dy
R>0.5 x Vrms &/i v3i r4le

C = 0.002 uF &An 0.005 uF
&/i v3i mWi 10 VA c;a t@i

m &y minimum
m &y K l 0.5 uF/A &An 1 uF/A
Diode 1N4001
ho>c t14ng
&14ng
Cu,n dy
zener 8.2V ;
5W
Cu,n dy
Cu,n dy

225
BT 12.1: Hy gi@i thch t.i sao nt nh)n dUng ph@i l th1Zng &ng v nt
nh)n khEi &,ng ph@i l th1Zng hE?
BT 12.2: Hy cho biAt &i$u g x@y ra nAu m,t nt nh)n th1Zng &ng &1Bc
s0 dOng &' mE my trong m,t h th/ng khi dy n/i v3i nt nh)n bF &?t? V
&i$u g x@y ra cho m,t h th/ng c nt nh)n th1Zng hE &1Bc s0 dOng lm nt
nh)n dUng khi dy n/i v3i nt nh)n bF &?t?
BT 12.3: Hy vj s4 &= n/i dy cho PLC c cc ng vo &1Bc n/i v3i m,t
c@m biAn PNP v m,t c@m biAn NPN. Cc ng ra &1Bc n/i v3i hai &n bo
cng su)t nhP 24VDC, hai relay 24VDC &' &i$u khi'n hai contactor t14ng
?ng. Trong m.ch c gCn h th/ng dUng kh[n c)p.
BT 12.4: Hy vj s4 &= &in v s4 &= kh nn cho m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n
b9ng PLC. H th/ng bao g=m cc linh kin &1Bc lit k d13i &y. Trong m.ch
c gCn h th/ng dUng kh[n c)p.
- M,t &,ng c4 3 pha/50 HP
- M,t c@m biAn NPN
- M,t nt nh)n th1Zng hE (NO)
- M,t cng tCc hnh trnh th1Zng &ng (NC)
- Hai &n bo cng su)t th)p 24VDC
- M,t van c 2 cu,n dy 24VDC.

13 Chuy+n #i/u khi+n k8t n-i cGng sang #i/u khi+n bPng PLC Chu Ch YGc
226
13 Chuy0n /i,u khi0n k:t n;i c"ng sang
/i,u khi0n bEng PLC.
13.1 K:t n;i ng vo/ ra cJa PLC td m1t s6 /A /i,u khi0n c ti:p /i0m
Trong nhi$u tr1Zng hBp, cJn c@i t.o m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i relay
v contactor thnh h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i PLC. M,t cu hPi &>t ra l chng ta
cJn gi7 l.i nh7ng phJn no trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, cn phJn no sj lo.i
bP &i?
D' d\ dng trong vic chuy'n &Ki, c th' p dOng ph14ng php sau &'
chuy'n &Ki tU m,t h th/ng &i$u khi'n ca sang &i$u khi'n v3i PLC:
V, ph@n c"ng:
- Xc &Fnh cc b, t.o tn hiu (v dO: nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn . . .)
cJn thiAt nh)t trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n, mWi b, t.o tn hiu ty theo
lo.i t.o ra tn hiu no nn &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t ng vo c;a PLC
t14ng ?ng, v dO nAu b, t.o ra tn hiu nhF phn th &1Bc kAt n/i v3i
cc ng vo s/, cn b, t.o ra tn hiu t14ng t6 th kAt n/i v3i ng vo
t14ng t6 (ng vo analog). Cn cc b, t.o tn hiu cn l.i nAu khng
cJn thiAt th c th' bP &i v sj &1Bc th6c hin b9ng ch14ng trnh
trong PLC.
- T14ng t6 xc &Fnh cc c4 c)u ch)p hnh (&/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n) cJn
thiAt nh)t, thng th1Zng cc &/i t1Bng ny l cc &n bo, contactor
chnh, van tU, .v.v.. Tu` theo lo.i m mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c th'
kAt n/i tr6c tiAp ho>c gin tiAp v3i cc ng ra t14ng ?ng, mWi m,t &/i
t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn m,t ng ra. NAu cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n cJn
dng &i$u khi'n l3n th yu cJu ph@i s0 dOng r4 le trung gian. V dO
nh1 cc contactor chnh &i$u khi'n cc &,ng c4 cng su)t l3n th ng
ra c;a PLC sj &1Bc n/i v3i m,t r4 le trung gian v thng qua tiAp
&i'm c;a r4 le trung gian &' &i$u khi'n cc contactor ny. Cn cc &/i
t1Bng &i$u khi'n khng tc &,ng tr6c tiAp &An qu trnh &i$u khi'n m
chH &ng vai tr trung gian hW trB cho qu trnh &i$u khi'n nh1 r4 le
trung gian th c th' lo.i bP v &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3 no &
trong ch14ng trnh c;a PLC.
- Sau khi & xc &Fnh &1Bc s/ l1Bng cc ng vo, ng ra cJn thiAt v
h th/ng &in cung c)p cho phJn &i$u khi'n th tiAn hnh &An vic l6a
ch]n lo.i PLC ph hBp.
Chu Ch YGc 13 Chuy+n #i/u khi+n k8t n-i cGng sang #i/u khi+n bPng PLC

227
- ThiAt lQp b@ng xc &Fnh cc ng vo/ra v3i cc ngo.i vi t14ng ?ng v
ch ghi ch l.i cng chi tiAt cng t/t.
- Th6c hin vic n/i dy cc ng vo, ng ra c;a PLC v3i cc b, t.o tn
hiu &i$u khi'n v &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n. Trong qu trnh n/i dy cJn
l1u &An cc nguyn tCc an ton trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n (xem mOc 4.3).
- T)t c@ vic kAt n/i dy trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n tr13c &y sj &1Bc
biAn &Ki thnh ch14ng trnh trong PLC.
V, ph@n m,m:
Vic viAt ch14ng trnh c th' th6c hin theo hai cch:
Cch 1: Ty theo yu cJu cng ngh m c th' thiAt lQp gi@i thuQt &i$u
khi'n v viAt ch14ng trnh theo gi@i thuQt &i$u khi'n ny.
Cch 2: Vkn duy tr ho.t &,ng c;a h th/ng nh1 ca, hay n/i khc &i l
khng cJn thiAt ph@i lQp l.i gi@i thuQt &i$u khi'n v t)t c@ & &1Bc thiAt kA
trong s4 &= &i$u khi'n c?ng tr13c &y m chH cJn biAn &Ki s4 &= &i$u
khi'n ny thnh ch14ng trnh trong PLC. Cch ny t14ng &/i d\ dng v
c th' khng bF lWi khi lQp trnh.
Trong phJn ny trnh by ph14ng php chuy'n &Ki theo cch 2 theo cc
b13c nh1 sau:
- Th6c hin viAt ch14ng trnh lJn l1Bt cho mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n,
mWi &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n &1Bc viAt E m,t &o.n ch14ng trnh v c ghi
ch cO th' &' d\ dng s7a lWi.
- ChH c cc &i$u kin cJn thiAt nh)t cho &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n m3i &1Bc
viAt vo &o.n ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n n.
- NAu m,t s/ &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n c cng chung m,t nhm &i$u kin,
th nhm &i$u kin ny nn &1Bc &1Bc viAt ring E m,t &o.n ch14ng
trnh v c)t kAt qu@ vo m,t nh3 trong PLC. NAu &/i t1Bng &i$u
khi'n no cJn nhm &i$u kin ny th chH cJn l)y kAt qu@ &1Bc ch?a
trong nh3. Di$u ny gip cho c)u trc ch14ng trnh m.ch l.c v vic
&]c ch14ng trnh trE nn d\ dng h4n.
- Cc &/i t1Bng &i$u khi'n khng cJn thiAt (v dO contactor trung gian)
sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3 trong PLC. NAu cc &/i t1Bng &i$u
khi'n no cJn &An tiAp &i'm c;a r4 le trung gian ny th chH cJn thay
thA b9ng tiAp &i'm c;a nh3.
- Ty theo h th/ng &i$u khi'n c ph?c t.p hay khng m c th' phn
chia thnh nhi$u kh/i ch14ng trnh &' d\ dng trong qu trnh qu@n l.
Hnh 13.1 l m,t v dO v$ vic chuy'n &Ki m,t s4 &= &i$u khi'n c0a ra
vo c4 quan b9ng contactor thnh h th/ng &i$u khi'n v3i PLC (chH dUng l.i
E vic chuy'n &Ki kAt n/i dy, cn ch14ng trnh th6c hin E cc ch14ng sau).
D6a vo cc b13c trn, ta nhQn th)y cc nt nh)n, contactor cJn thiAt
d1Bc gi7 l.i nh1 trong b@ng xc &Fnh kAt n/i vo/ra v3i ngo.i vi v PLC &1Bc
ch]n E &y l lo.i CPU 224 DC/DC/relay. Do contactor K1 v K2 khng &1Bc
228
php c &in &=ng thZi nn theo quan &i'm an ton cJn ph@i kha cho hai
contactor ny l.i v3i nhau.
B8ng xc />nh k:t n;i vo/ra vIi ngo7i vi
S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng, th1Zng &ng
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n mE c0a, th1Zng hE
S2 I0.2 Nt nh)n &ng c0a, th1Zng hE
S3 I0.3 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n c0a mE, th1Zng &ng
S4 I0.4 Cng tCc hnh trnh gi3i h.n c0a &ng, th1Zng &ng
K1 Q0.0 Cu,n dy contactor K1, &i$u khi'n mE c0a
K2 Q0.1 Cu,n dy contactor K2, &i$u khi'n &ng c0a
H1 Q0.2 Dn bo c0a &ang mE
H2 Q0.3 Dn bo c0a &ang &ng
S0
S2
S1
K1
K2
S3
K2
K1
S4
K1
K2
0V
24Vdc
K1 K2
H1 H2
F1

I0.0 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.1 I0.7 M
Q0.0 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.1 Q0.7 L
PLC
K2 K1
K1
K2
H1 H2
24Vdc
24Vdc
S0 S1 S2 S3 S4

a) b)
Hnh 13.1: K8t n-i ng vo/ ra cCa PLC tM m$t s: #D #i/u khi+n c ti8p #i+m
13.2 Chuy0n /(i /i,u khi0n td contactor thnh PLC
Contactor l m,t chuy'n m.ch b9ng &in. Ty theo lo.i v ph.m vi ?ng
dOng m n &1Bc phn thnh 2 lo.i l contactor chnh v contactor phO.
Contactor chnh l contactor chFu t@i, n &1Bc s0 dOng &' &ng, cCt &in
cho t@i nh1 &,ng c4, thiAt bF chiAu sng, thiAt bF nung, van tU, thCng v.v
Trong ?ng dOng v3i &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC th contactor chnh l thiAt bF khng
th' thiAu.

229
Cotactor phO chH &1Bc s0 dOng &' tRng thm tiAp &i'm trong m.ch &i$u
khi'n. Chnh v thA trong vic &i$u khi'n v3i PLC th cc contactor phO &1Bc
thay thA b9ng cc nh3 (bit Memory) trong ch14ng trnh PLC.
Cc b, &Fnh thZi (timer) nh1 &ng m.ch chQm ho>c mE m.ch chQm trong
m.ch &i$u khi'n v3i relay v contactor sj khng cJn thiAt trong &i$u khi'n v3i
PLC, chng sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc timer t14ng ?ng trong ch14ng trnh
PLC.
Trong vic chuy'n &Ki, cc b, t.o ra tn hiu nh1 nt nh)n, cng tCc,
cng tCc hnh trnh, c@m biAn v.v thQt s6 cJn thiAt sj &1Bc gi7 l.i. Cn
nh7ng tiAp &i'm khng cJn thiAt sj &1Bc x0 l thng qua ch14ng trnh.
Vic th6c hin chuy'n &Ki tU &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor thnh PLC c th'
xem ch14ng 4 (kAt n/i dy PLC v3i ngo.i vi). Ngoi ra cJn ch thm m,t s/
&i'm sau:
- Cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i song song t14ng ?ng l cc cKng OR trong
ch14ng trnh PLC
- Cc tiAp &i'm &1Bc n/i n/i tiAp t14ng ?ng l cc cKng AND.
- V$ ph14ng din an ton trnh s6 c/ do &?t dy th cc nt nh)n
mE my ph@i l th1Zng hE (lo.i NO (Normal Opened)). Cc nt
nh)n dUng my ph@i l th1Zng &ng (lo.i NC (Normal Closed)).
- MWi nt nh)n, cng tCc, c@m biAn v.v ty theo nhim vO c th'
n/i v3i m,t ng vo (&i$u ny c nghâ l khng nh)t thiAt m,t b,
t.o ra tn hiu nhF phn ph@i n/i v3i m,t ng vo s/).
- MWi m,t ng ra c;a PLC sj &1Bc kAt n/i v3i m,t &/i t1Bng &i$u
khi'n nh1 &n bo, cu,n dy relay, cu,n dy contactor. Tuy nhin
cJn ph@i ch &An ph14ng din an ton v &in p &i$u khi'n.
NAu &in p cu,n dy relay, &n bo ho>c cu,n dy contactor khc
v3i &in p c;a cc ng ra th bCt bu,c ph@i s0 dOng relay lm thiAt
bF trung gian.
- H &i$u hnh trong PLC hon ton khng biAt &u l tiAp &i'm
th1Zng &ng &u l tiAp &i'm th1Zng hE m chH biAt ng vo PLC
c &in p (m?c logic 1) hay khng c &in p (m?c logic 0).
Cho nn khi viAt ch14ng trnh cJn &>c bit ch &An v)n &$ ny
(xem l.i kX ch14ng 7 php ton nhF phn).
- Khi s0 dOng v3i cc lnh S v R trong ch14ng trnh PLC cJn ch
cc qui tEc sau:
o Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc tch cc
(logic 1) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh S.
o Cc #i/u ki'n lm cho #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc khng tch
cc (logic 0) #!Ac s[ d)ng v9i l'nh R.
o Khi vi8t l'nh S cho m$t #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n th nh7t thi8t (ty
theo yu c6u cng ngh') ph>i c m$t l'nh R cho #-i t!Ang
#i/u khi+n #.
230
o N8u l'nh S #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh R th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l
k8t qu> cCa l'nh R n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H
mGc logic 1 nghNa l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 0.
o N8u l'nh R #!Ac vi8t tr!9c l'nh S th k8t qu> thu #!Ac sR l
k8t qu> cCa l'nh S n8u c> hai #i/u ki'n cho S v R cng H
mGc logic 1 nghNa l #-i t!Ang #i/u khi+n H mGc logic 1.
o Khi # vi8t ch!:ng trnh v9i l'nh S th khng #!Ac s[ d)ng
ti8p #i+m t duy tr (lo@i bB ti8p #i+m t duy tr).
o Ty theo cng ngh' khi s[ d)ng cc #i/u ki'n cho l'nh R th
H tr@ng thi bnh th!Kng cc #i/u ki'n ny ph>i c mGc logic
0.
13.2.1 i,u khi0n thi:t b> b cng su4t ph8n khng
S4 &= m.ch &,ng l6c v &i$u khi'n

Hnh 13.1: M@ch #$ng lc cCa thi8t bU #ng t) b.
Hnh 13.2: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n bPng contactor thi8t bU #ng t) b

231
M tB:
Ty theo yu cJu m cc tO b cng su)t ph@n khng C1, C2, C3, C4
sj &1Bc &ng vo l13i &in. C? mWi lJn )n nt nh)n S1 th m,t b, tO b &1Bc
&ng vo l13i &in. D' cCt tO b ra khPi l13i th )n nt nh)n S2.
Th6c hin v3i PLC:
Phn tch:
Trong m.ch &i$u khi'n s0 dOng 2 nt nh)n S1 v S2, &y l cc nt
nh)n cJn thiAt &' &ng v cCt tO b cho nn cJn ph@i gi7 l.i. Nh1 vQy &' th6c
hin &i$u khi'n b9ng PLC ta s0 dOng 2 ng vo s/ &' kAt n/i v3i 2 nt nh)n
ny.
Trong s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n trn g=m c 4 contactor chnh K8, K9,
K10, K11. Dy l cc thiAt bF khng th' thiAu v bCt bu,c ph@i gi7 l.i &' &ng
cCt tO v3i l13i &in. D' &i$u khi'n 4 contactor ny ta sj dng 4 ng ra c;a
PLC.
Ch : 3* ':n giBn v khng lUp lEi nh_ng m tB nh7 trong ch7:ng 7,
cc bi t#p ny '7\c sJ dOng vQi CPU 224 AC/DC/Relay.
D' &i$u khi'n 4 contactor chnh theo nhim vO &>t ra cJn &An 7
contactor phO K1A, K2A, K3A, K4A, K5A, K6A, K7A. Cc contactor phO ny l
cc thiAt bF hW trB trong &i$u khi'n b9ng contactor v vQy khng cJn thiAt ph@i
gi7 l.i. N sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3 trong PLC.
D/i v3i m.ch ny, ng1Zi thiAt kA c th' s0 dOng hai cch lQp trnh
Cch 1: Chuy'n thnh ch14ng trnh theo nh1 s4 &= &i$u khi'n & trnh by
Cch 2: Theo yu cJu cng ngh &>t ra
D' r rng, ta sj th6c hin theo 2 cch
Cch 1: theo s: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n contactor c s`n
D' tin lBi trong qu trnh chuy'n &Ki ta nn lQp m,t b@ng k hiu &'
kAt n/i gi7a PLC v cc thiAt bF ngo.i vi cang nh1 cc qui &Ki t14ng ?ng.
Khi lQp b@ng k hiu nn ghi ch &Jy &; thng tin &' d\ dng trong
qu trnh viAt ch14ng trnh.
B@ng k hiu
K hiKu 3<a ch> (PLC) Ch thch
Bi8n ng vo
S1 I0.0 Nt nh)n &ng tO b vo l13i &in, th1Zng hE
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n cCt tO b khPi l13i &in, th1Zng hE
Bi8n ng ra
K8 Q0.0 Contactor chnh K8, &ng tO b C1
232
Bi8n trung gian
K1A M0.1 Contactor phO K1A

KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:

Hnh 13.3: N-i dy cc ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra PLC khi #i/u khi+n bPng PLC

Ch14ng trnh PLC E LAD:


233

234

Ch14ng trnh PLC E STL:


235

Cch 2: Theo yu c6u cng ngh'
Theo cch th?c &i$u khi'n &>t ra, c? mWi lJn tc &,ng S1 th m,t
contactor chnh &1Bc &ng &in, tc &,ng S2 th cCt &in tan b,.
MOc &ch c;a vic thm cc contactor phO l &' tRng thm s/ l1Bng
tiAp &i'm. NAu th6c hin b9ng ch14ng trnh ta c th' &1a tr6c tiAp ra cc ng
ra tU Q0.0 &An Q0.3 m khng cJn ph@i qua cc nh3 M0.4 &An M0.7. M0.3
cang c th' lo.i bP, thay thA tr6c tiAp b9ng nt nh)n S2 (I0.1).
TU vic phn tch m.ch &i$u khi'n, ta c th' lm cho ch14ng trnh
&1Bc &4n gi@n h4n. Ngoi ra ta thay thA lun m.ch t6 duy tr b9ng m,t khu
SR.
Ch14ng trnh by giZ r)t &4n gi@n nh1 sau:
Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E LAD:

236

Ch14ng trnh viAt E STL:


237

13.2.2 Thi:t b> nghi,n
PhJn ny trnh by m,t khu trong h th/ng &i$u khi'n s@n xu)t g/m
l vQn chuy'n vQt liu nghi$n. VQt liu nghi$n tU c/i nghi$n sj &1Bc bRng t@i
vQn chuy'n vo m,t xe &>t d13i bRng t@i.
Qu trnh vQn chuy'n vQt liu & &1Bc nghi$n &1Bc khEi &,ng nAu xe
& vo vF tr vQn chuy'n v nt nh)n S1 &1Bc )n. D' &@m b@o an ton th
238
tr13c tin bRng t@i ph@i ho.t &,ng tr13c 2 giy sau & m3i &ng &in cho c/i
nghi$n.
Khi xe &Jy (&1Bc bo bEi c@m biAn cn) th c/i nghi$n ngay lQp t?c bF
ngCt &in. BRng t@i cn tiAp tOc vQn chuy'n cho hAt vQt liu trn bRng t@i
xu/ng xe v3i thZi gian l 3 giy.
Trong qu trnh ho.t &,ng c th' dUng b9ng nt nh)n S0.
S: '/ cng nghK:
v
Hnh 13.4: S: #D cng ngh' thi8t bU nghi/n
S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc v 'i(u khi*n bRng contactor:

Hnh 13.5: M@ch #$ng lc v #i/u khi+n bPng contactor cCa thi8t bU nghi/n.

Contactor chnh K1 &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M1 c;a bRng t@i, contactor
chnh K2 &i$u khi'n &,ng c4 M2 c;a c/i nghi$n.

239
Phn tch:
Trong m.ch &i$u khi'n s0 dOng cc nt nh)n S0, S1, cng tCc hnh
trnh S2, tn hiu bo xe &Jy S3. Dy l cc tn hiu &i$u khi'n khng th' lo.i
bP. CJn ph@i c 4 ng vo cho cc tn hiu ny. Ngoi ra cn c tn hiu b@o
v qu dng &,ng c4 l F2 v F4 cang cJn &1Bc n/i v3i cc ng vo. M,t
&i$u cJn ch l cc nt nh)n, cng tCc hnh trnh, tiAp &i'm b@o v qu
dng l cc khu c4 kh cho nn khng th' thay &Ki &1Bc m ph@i s0 dOng l.i
(nghâ l gi7 nguyn tnh nguyn th;y c;a n). Nn khi chuy'n thnh ch14ng
trnh th vkn &@m b@o ho.t &,ng &ng theo yu cJu cng ngh m s4 &= m.ch
&i$u khi'n b9ng contator th' hin v khng c s6 thay &Ki no v3i cc b, pht
tn hiu ny.
Cc contactor chnh K1 v K2 cJn ph@i c 2 ng ra &' &i$u khi'n
Contactor phO K3A &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t nh3.
Cc b, &Fnh thZi K4T &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer OFF delay, K5T
&1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer ON delay.
B@ng k hiu
Bi8n ng vo
S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n dUng, th1Zng &ng (NC)
S1 I0.1 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng h th/ng, th1Zng hE (NO)
S2 I0.2 Cng tCc hnh trnh, bo xe &ng vF tr (NO)
S3 I0.3 Tn hiu bo xe &Jy, th1Zng &ng (NC)
F2 I0.4 TiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng M1, (NC)
F4 I0.5 TiAp &i'm b@o v qu dng M2, (NC)
Bi8n ng ra
K1 Q0.0 Contactor chnh K1, &i$u khi'n &.c4 nghi$n M1
K2 Q0.1 Contactor chnh K2, &i$u khi'n &.c4 bRng t@i M2
Bi8n trung gian
B, &Fnh thZi
K4T T37 OFF delay timer, &Fnh thZi dUng bRng t@i, 3s
K5T T38 ON ddelay timer, &Fnh thZi khEi &,ng M1, 2s
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
240

Hnh 13.6: S: #D n-i dy ngo@i vi v9i ng vo ra cCa PLC


241
Ch14ng trnh PLC E STL:

13.3 i,u khi0n kh nn
Trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn, ng1Zi ta phn bit cc phJn
t0 &i$u khi'n sau:
- Khu tn hi'u: Pht ra tn hiu khi phJn t0 &i$u khi'n &.t &An m,t
gi trF xc &Fnh &/i v3i cc &.i l1Bng vQt l.
- Khu #i/u khi+n: Ph@n ?ng l.i theo cc tn hiu &4n v c @nh
h1Eng &An tr.ng thi c;a khu &i$u chHnh.
- Khu #i/u chWnh: Di$u khi'n dng nRng l1Bng sinh cng v thay &Ki
tr.ng thi c;a cc phJn t0 lm vic.
NAu th6c hin thay thA m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn b9ng ch14ng trnh
&i$u khi'n PLC, th khu &i$u chHnh &i$u khi'n cho cc phJn t0 lm vic by
giZ &in tU. D cc van xung &in tU hay van &in tU s0 dOng l xo &1Bc s0
dOng, th n cn phO thu,c vo yu cJu cng ngh v an ton. Khi chuy'n &Ki
thnh ch14ng trnh PLC th cc khu ny cJn gi7 l.i.
Van xung trong kX thuQt &i$u khi'n kh nn c hai ng vo &i$u khi'n
v c &>c tnh nh3. Theo cch th?c ho.t &,ng c th' so snh n v3i khu nh3
RS. Vic chuy'n &Ki thQt s6 &4n gi@n nAu ta thay t)t c@ van xung b9ng khu
nh3 RS. Ng vo &i$u khi'n c;a khu &i$u chHnh SET c;a van t14ng ?ng v3i
&i$u kin cho set, v ng vo cn l.i t14ng ?ng v3i reset c;a khu RS.
Van xung s0 dOng 2 cu,n dy tU. D' &i$u khi'n, m,t cu,n dy sj s0
dOng ng ra khng &@o c;a khu nh3 RS. Cn cu,n dy th? hai ta s0 dOng
ng ra &@o c;a khu nh3 RS.
Ty theo yu cJu cng ngh m m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn &@m nhQn,
m ta c th' s0 dOng h13ng &i$u khi'n cho cc van t14ng ?ng. Sau khi t)t c@
& &1Bc xc &Fnh, m.ch &i$u khi'n kh nn c th' &1Bc chuy'n &Ki tr6c tiAp
thnh ch14ng trnh E LAD.
M,t s/ qui tCc cJn ch :
242
Khu &i$u chHnh c;a xylanh lm vic &1Bc thay thA b9ng van &in tU.
T)t c@ cc van xung &1Bc thay thA b9ng khu nh3 RS.
Xc &Fnh &1Bc tnh logic c;a m.ch.
Chuy'n &Ki m.ch thnh ch14ng trnh PLC.
13.3.1 My u;n thanh kim lo7i
Cc thanh kim lo.i cJn &1Bc u/n m,t &Ju theo theo m,t khun cho
tr13c (s4 &= cng ngh). Qui trnh ho.t &,ng c;a my nh1 sau:
- Thanh kim lo.i cJn u/n &1Bc &>t ln khun u/n
- qn nt khEi &,ng S0 th xy lanh Cyl.1 h. xu/ng &' gi7 l)y thanh
kim lo.i.
- Khi thanh kim lo.i &1Bc gi7 ch>t (nhQn biAt bEi cng tCc hnh trnh
S2) th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' u/n thanh kim lo.i vung gc
tr13c. Sau khi u/n xong th t6 &,ng nng ln nhZ cng tCc hnh
trnh S4.
- Khi xy lanh Cyl.2 trE v$ vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S3) th xy lanh
Cyl.3 &1Bc &[y &' u/n thanh kim lo.i E giai &]an u/n cu/i theo
&Fnh hnh c;a khun u/n. Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 &An vF tr S6 th t6 &,ng
rt ng1Bc v$.
- Khi xy lanh Cyl.3 rt v$ &An vF tr c4 b@n (nhQn biAt bEi S5) th xy
lanh Cyl.1 cang rt v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n (nhQn biAt bEi S1). Lc
ny thanh kim lo.i &1Bc t6 do. Ng1Zi s0 dOng c th' l)y ra v &>t
m,t thanh kim lo.i m3i vo. V m,t chu k` m3i l.i c th' bCt &Ju.
S: '/ cng nghK:

Hnh 13.7: S: #D cng ngh' my u-n thanh kim lo@i


243
S: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n bRng kh nn:

Hnh 13.8: S: #D m@ch #i/u khi+n bPng kh nn.
Phn tch:
TU s4 &= &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn ta nhQn th)y cc van xung chnh
trong m.ch l 1.1, 2.1 v 3.1. Khi chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n b9ng ch14ng trnh
nh)t thiAt ta ph@i thay cc van ny b9ng cc van xung &in tU c &>c tnh nh3.
MWi van xung &in tU c 2 cu,n dy. V vQy cJn ph@i c 2 ng ra s/ &' &i$u
khi'n mWi van. TKng c,ng ta cJn c 6 ng ra &' &i$u khi'n 3 van ny. D' th6c
hin &i$u khi'n b9ng ch14ng trnh PLC, cc van xung &1Bc thay thA bEi cc
khu RS, cc ng ra c;a cc khu nh3 c th' &1Bc s0 dOng &' &i$u khi'n
tr6c tiAp cc van xung &in tU thay thA Y1, Y3, v Y5 cang nh1 Y2, Y4 v Y6
(s4 &= cngngh).
Hai van xung 0.1 v 0.2 l hai van hW trB trong m.ch &i$u khi'n b9ng
kh. Hai van ny khng ph@i l cc van chnh. V vQy khi chuy'n thnh ch14ng
trnh n sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3. Van 0.1 l M0.0, v van 0.2 l
M0.1.
Theo s4 &= m.ch &i$u khi'n, ta c:
a1= M0.1 & M0.0
a2 = M0.0 & M0.1
a3= M0.0
244
MWi vF tr c;a cc xy lanh &$u &1Bc xc &Fnh bEi cc cng tCc hnh
trnh (CTHT). Xy lanh Cyl.1 nhQn biAt bEi S1 v S2, xy lanh Cyl.2 nhQn biAt
bEi S3 v S4, xy lanh Cyl.3 nhQn biAt bEi S5 v S6. Cc cng tCc hnh trnh
ny khng th' thiAu trong &i$u khi'n. Ngoi ra &' khEi &,ng cn c nt nh)n
S0. Nh1 vQy cJn &An 7 ng vo s/.
B@ng k hiu
Bi8n ng vo
S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, th1Zng hE
S1 I0.1 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr c4 b@n xy lanh Cyl.1
S2 I0.2
CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr gi7 thanh kim lo.i c;a xy
lanh Cyl.1
S4 I0.4 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr u/n c;a xy lanh Cyl.2
S6 I0.6 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr u/n c;a xy lanh Cyl.3
Bi8n ng ra
Y1 Q0.0 Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.1 &' gi7 thanh kim lo.i
Y2 Q0.1 D1a xy lanh Cyl.1 v$ vF tr c4 b@n
Y3 Q0.2 Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.2 u/n vung gc
Y5 Q0.4 Di$u khi'n xy lanh Cyl.3 u/n theo khun
Bi8n trung gian
Van 0.1 M0.0 Van 0.1
Van 0.2 M0.1 Van 0.2
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:

245


246

Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt E STL:

13.3.2 My doa miGng ;ng kim lo7i

247
tng kim lo.i cJn &1Bc doa ming theo m,t khun cho tr13c (s4 &= cng
ngh). My ho.t &,ng nh1 sau:
Ng1Zi vQn hnh &>t /ng kim lo.i cJn doa ming vo vF tr sao cho ming
/ng ph@i ch.m vo c0 ch>n ming /ng. Sau & )n nt nh)n S0, xy lanh Cyl.1
sj ksp /ng l.i. khi /ng & &1Bc ksp th c0 ch>n ming /ng t6 &,ng rt v$. Xy
lanh Cyl.2 sj h. xu/ng doa ming /ng theo khun A. thZi gian doa khPang 3s.
Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 rt v$ v khun B &1Bc xylanh Cyl.4 &1a vo. Sau khi
khun B &1Bc &1a vo th xy lanh Cyl.2 h. xu/ng &' doa ming /ng theo
khun B. T14ng t6 nh1 khun A vic doa kho@ng 3s. Sau & xy lanh Cyl.2 trE
v$ vF tr c4 b@n c;a n v xy lanh Cyl.4 cang rt khun B v$ v &>t khun A v$
vF tr sSn sng cho /ng kim lo.i kA tiAp. Sau khi ming /ng & &1Bc doa theo
khun B xong th xy lanh ksp /ng Cyl.1 co v$ th@ /ng kim lo.i khPi hm ksp.
Xy lanh Cyl.2 &1Bc &[y trE v$ vF tr ch>n ming /ng. M,t chu k` m3i l.i c th'
bCt &Ju.
S6 /A cng nghG:

Hnh 13.10: S: #D cng ngh' my doa mi'g -ng kim lo@i.
S6 /A m7ch /i,u khi0n kh nn:
248
1.0
4.3 2.1
1.1
2.1
2.0
3.2
3.1
4.3
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.0
4.2 3.3
4.2 3.2
3.02 2.02
3.6
3.5
3.7
0.3
3.3
3.4
0.2
0.1
1.2
KhEi &,ng
0.5
0.4
a1
a2
a3
a4

Hnh 13.11: M@ch #i/u khi+n bPng kh nn my doa mi'ng -ng kim lo@i.
Phn tch:
TU s4 &= &i$u khi'n b9ng kh nn ta nhQn th)y cc van xung chnh
trong m.ch l 1.1, 3.1 v 4.1 sj &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc van xung &in tU, v
trong ch14ng trnh PLC sj s0 dOng cc khau RS. D' &i$u khi'n cc van ny
ta cJn 2 ng ra
Van 2.1 trong s4 &= &1Bc thay thA b9ng van &in tU c l xo h=i phOc
vF tr. D' &i$u khi'n van ny ta dng m,t ng ra.
Ba van xung 0.1, 0.2 v 0.3 l cc van hW trB trong m.ch &i$u khi'n
b9ng kh. N &1Bc thay thA b9ng cc nh3. Van 0.1 l M0.0, van 0.2 l M0.1,
v van 0.3 l M0.2.
Theo s4 &= &i$u khi'n th:
a1 = M0.2 & M0.1 & M0.0
a2 = M0.2 & M0.1 & M0.0
a3 = M0.0 & M0.1
a4 = M0.0

249
Khu &i$u chHnh tr\ 3.5 &1Bc thay thA b9ng m,t timer.
Theo s4 &= cng ngh ta cJn &An 6 CTHT v m,t nt nh)n khEi &,ng
tU S0 &An S6 . Nh1 vQy cJn &An 7 ng vo s/.
B@ng k hiu
Bi8n ng vo
S0 I0.0 Nt nh)n khEi &,ng, th1Zng hE
S2 I0.2
CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr gi7 /ng kim lo.i c;a xy lanh
Cyl.1
S3 I0.3 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr rt v$ c;a xy lanh Cyl.2
S4 I0.4 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr rt v$ c;a xy lanh Cyl.3
S5 I0.5 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr doa c;a xy lanh Cyl.3
S6 I0.6 CTHT nhQn biAt vF tr &[y c;a xy lanh Cyl.4
Bi8n ng ra
Y1 Q0.0 D[y xy lanh Cyl.1
Y2 Q0.1 Rt xy lanh Cyl.1 v$
Bi8n trung gian
Van 0.1 M0.0 Van 0.1
Van 0.2 M0.1 Van 0.2
Van 0.3 M0.1 Van 0.3
B, &Fnh thZi
Delay
3.5
T37 ON delay timer, &Fnh thZi doa, 3s
KAt n/i dy v3i PLC:
250

Ch14ng trnh viAt E LAD:


251

Ch14ng trnh viAt E STL:
252


253

BT 13.1 i,u khi0n l nhiGt bEng nt nh4n
Hai l nhit cJn &i$u khi'n b9ng m,t nt nh)n. m lJn nh)n &Ju tin,
th l nhin th? nh)t ho.t &,ng. m lJn nh)n th? hai th l nhit th? hai &1Bc
&1a vo ho.t &,ng. V E lJn nh)n th? ba th c@ hai l nhit cng tCt. Cc l
nhit &1Bc cung c)p &in thng qua cc contactor K11 v K12. Ngoi ra cc
&n tn hiu H11 v H12 dng &' bo l nhit t14ng ?ng &ang ho.t &,ng.
M7ch /i,u khi0n:

254
Hy chuy'n sang &i$u khi'n s0 dOng PLC theo cc yu cJu sau:
1. ThiAt lQp b@ng k hiu.
2. Vj s4 &= kAt n/i dy v3i PLC
3. ViAt ch14ng trnh &i$u khi'n theo hai cch:
a. S4 &= kAt n/i dy c?ng
b. Theo yu cJu cng ngh
BT 13.2 i,u khi0n /n qu8ng co
Dn qu@ng co cJn &1Bc &i$u khi'n nh1 sau:
Dng cng tCc S1.
Sau 10s &n E1 sng
Sau 20s &n E2 sng
Sau 30s &n E3 sng
Sau 40s t)t c@ cc &n &$u tCt
Sau & bCt &Ju t6 &,ng l.i chu k` m3i
S: '/ mEch 'Sng lLc:


255
S: '/ mEch 'i(u khi*n:
L1
S1
K7T
K2
K4T
K4T K1 K5T
K2
K6T K3 K7T
K6T
K5T
K1

BT 13.3 My khoan
M,t mku gW cJn &1Bc khoan m,t lW E gi7a. S4 &= cng ngh &'
khoan mku gW &1Bc cho nh1 hnh vj.
S: '/ cng nghK:

256
S: '/ 'i(u khi*n bRng kh nn:
3.2 2.2
1.2
a1
a2
a3
1.02 1.01
1.3 2.2
1.1
2.02
1.0 2.0
3.2
3.1 2.1
4.1
4.0
3.0
1.3 2.3 3.3 1.4
2.3
0.3
0.2
3.3
1.4
1.1.0
0.1
START


Chu Ch YGc 14 Cc php ton c: b>n trong #i/u khi+n s-

257
14 Cc php ton c6 b8n trong /i,u khi0n s;
Cc h th/ng &i$u khi'n logic trong th6c tA x0 l v3i cc d7 liu nhF phn.
D>c &i'm c;a cc my tnh &i$u khi'n hin nay l x0 l d7 liu, ch)t l1Bng
&i$u khi'n, v.v... ngy cng tRng v3i b, x0 l d7 liu s/ s0 dOng PLC.
Cc biAn qu trnh s/ c th' &1Bc tm th)y trong t)t c@ l^nh v6c c;a &i$u
vng hE nh1 trong cc thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i cho ho.t &,ng qu trnh v gim
st ho>c trong &i$u khi'n c;a cc thiAt bF tr1Zng. MOc &ch c;a gim st qu
trnh l cung c)p thng tin v$ my mc ho>c h th/ng ho.t &,ng nhanh chng,
ngCn g]n v r rng theo tUng pht, cang nh1 s6 &ng lc &' can thip, &i$u
khi'n v tc &,ng &An qu trnh.
Trong hJu hAt cc &i$u khi'n &4n gi@n tr13c &y, cc thiAt bF vo ra nh1
mn hi'n thF 7-&o.n v cc nt nh)n xoay s/ &1Bc s0 dOng &' hi'n thF v
nhQp gi trF s/. Ngy nay cc thiAt bF thao tc v gim st thng minh th1Zng
&1Bc kAt n/i v3i PLC.
Ngy nay cc thiAt bF x0 l, thu thQp d7 liu v &i$u khi'n qu trnh &1Bc
cung c)p tr6c tiAp v3i cc biAn s/ thng qua h th/ng bus tr1Zng. Vic kAt n/i
cc thiAt bF tr1Zng, nh1 biAn tJn hay h th/ng cn, s0 dOng cc module vo
ra analog cng ngy cng khng &1Bc s0 dOng n7a.
Tu` thu,c vo ki'u thiAt bF &1Bc kAt n/i, nhi$u d.ng s/ khc nhau &' m
ha d7 liu &1Bc s0 dOng &' truy$n d7 liu gi7a thiAt bF v PLC, cang nh1 &'
l1u tr7 v x0 l d7 liu trong PLC.
14.1 Cc d7ng s; trong PLC
14.1.1 Ki0u d< liGu Integer (INT)
Gi trF ki'u d7 liu Integer hon ton l gi trF s/ khng c d)u ch)m thQp
phn. S7-200 l1u tr7 gi trF d7 liu ki'u Integer c d)u E m 16 bit. Ph.m vi
c;a s/ integer l -32768 &An +32767.
STEP 7 s0 dOng d.ng hi'n thF Decimal (khng ph@i BCD) &' xc &Fnh
cc h9ng s/ c;a ki'u d7 liu Integer. N cang &1Bc m t@ E d.ng c d)u v
khng d)u. Theo nguyn l th c th' s0 dOng cc gi trF integer h9ng s/ bi'u
14 Cc php ton c: b>n trong #i/u khi+n s- Chu Ch YGc
258
di\n E d.ng Binary v Hexadecimal, nh1ng v khng r rng, nn chng
khng cn ph hBp n7a. V l do ny, c php c;a STEP7 chH cung c)p gi trF
c;a integer bi'u di\n E decimal.
V d): Bi'u di\n s/ +662 v -662
DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+2
1
+2
2
+2
4 6 x 16
0
= 6
9 x 16
1
= 144
2 x 16
2
= 512
662
2
7
+2
9
D4u
cJa s;
d#6ng
+ 662
HEX: 16 9 6 2 #0
Khng d)u
DEC: - 662
D4u
cJa s;
m
Bi0u dihn N s;
b hai
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
HEX: 16# 6 A D F
Khng d)u
DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
+2
1
+2
2
+2
4 6 x 16
0
= 6
9 x 16
1
= 144
2 x 16
2
= 512
662
2
7
+2
9
D4u
cJa s;
d#6ng
D4u
cJa s;
d#6ng
+ 662
HEX: 16 9 6 2 #0 HEX: 16 9 6 2 #0
Khng d)u
DEC: - 662
D4u
cJa s;
m
D4u
cJa s;
m
Bi0u dihn N s;
b hai
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
HEX: 16# 6 A D F HEX: 16# 6 A D F
Khng d)u

Hnh 14.1: Bi+u di`n s- integer
Trong h th/ng my tnh s/, t)t c@ cc gi trF &1Bc l1u tr7 E d.ng m
binary. ChH cc s/ 0 v 1 &1Bc s0 dOng trong h th/ng s/ nhF phn. C4 s/ 2
c;a h th/ng s/ ny l kAt qu@ tU s/ c;a cc s/ c gi trF. Gi trF c;a mWi vF tr
c;a s/ nhF phn l kAt qu@ c;a lay thUa c;a c4 s/ 2. N &1Bc bi'u di\n E
d.ng 2#.... .
Gi trF s/ m l s6 bi'u di\n cc s/ nhF phn E d.ng b hai. Trong d.ng
bi'u di\n ny, bit c tr]ng s/ l3n nh)t (most significant bit) (bit s/ 15 cho ki'u
d7 liu Integer) c gi trF - 2
15
. V gi trF ny l3n h4n tKng c;a t)t c@ cc gi trF
cn l.i, nn bit ny &1Bc lm bit thng tin d)u. NAu bit = 0, th gi trF d14ng;
nAu bit = 1, th gi trF l m. Vic chuy'n &Ki gi7a cc s/ nhF phn thnh s/
decimal &1Bc th6c hin b9ng cch c,ng cc gi trF c;a cc vF tr c bit = 1.
(xem v dO).
H th/ng s/ hexadecimal cung c)p 16 ch7 s/ khc nhau (0 &An 9 v A
&An F). Dy l h th/ng s/ theo c4 s/ 16. Do &, gi trF mWi vF tr c;a s/
hexadecimal c kAt qu@ tU lay thUa c;a c4 s/ 16.
Cc s/ Hexadecimal &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i d.ng 16#. Cc ch7 s/ A &An F
bi'u di\n theo gi trF s/ decimal 10 &An 15. Gi trF 15 l gi trF cu/i cng c th'
&1Bc m ha nhF phn c;a 4 bit khng d)u. 4 bit nhF phn t.o thnh m,t s/
c;a s/ hexadecimal.
H9ng s/ trong d.ng s/ Hexadecimal khng &1Bc s0 dOng cho cc gi trF
s/ integer.
14.1.2 Ki0u d< liGu Double Integer (DINT)
S7-200 l1u gi trF ki'u d7 liu Double Integer v3i m 32 bit c d)u. Ph.m
vi gi trF ki'u double Integer tU -2147483648 &An +2147483647.

259
S7-200 s0 dOng s/ decimal (khng ph@i BCD) &' xc &Fnh m,t h9ng s/
ki'u d7 liu Double Integer.
V d): Bi'u di\n s/ +540809 v 540809
DEC: +540809
D4u
cJa s;
d#6ng
(khng d)u)
0 0 0 8 4 0 8 9 HEX: 16#
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BIN.: 2#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Bi0u dihn N s;
b hai
(khng d)u)
F F F 7 B F 7 7 HEX: 16#
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BIN.: 2#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DEC: - 540809
D4u
cJa s;
m
Bi0u dihn N s;
b hai
(khng d)u)
F F F 7 B F 7 7 HEX: 16#
(khng d)u)
F F F 7 B F 7 7 HEX: 16#
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BIN.: 2#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DEC: - 540809
D4u
cJa s;
m

Hnh 14.2: Bi+u di`n s- double integer
14.1.3 Ki0u d< liGu s; thDc (REAL)
Cc ki'u d7 liu INT v DINT &1Bc m t@ tr13c &1Bc s0 dOng &' l1u
ton b, cc gi trF s/ c d)u. Do &, chH c cc php ton &1Bc cung c)p cc
gi trF s/ nguyn m3i c th' th6c hin &1Bc.
Trong tr1Zng hBp cc biAn l analog nh1 &in p, dng &in, v nhit &,
th cc gi trF th6c trE nn cJn thiAt. D' trnh di\n cc gi trF thQp phn, cc s/
nhF phn ph@i &1Bc &Fnh nghâ l gi trF c;a n nhP h4n 1 (lay thUa c;a c4 s/
2 v3i s/ ma m).
D' bi'u di\n s/ th6c S7-200 s0 dOng double word (32 bit).Trong m nhF
phn c;a s/ th6c, m,t phJn c;a cc ch7 s/ nhF phn s0 dOng cho phJn thQp
phn, phJn cn l.i l &' bi'u di\n s/ ma v d)u c;a s/ th6c.
Ph.m vi bi'u di\n c;a s/ th6c tU -1.17549510
-38
&An 3.40282310
+38

Khi s0 dOng cc gi trF c;a s/ th6c, ta khng cJn ph@i xc &Fnh &Fnh d.ng
c;a n. Khi nhQp vo m,t h9ng s/ l s/ th6c th ta bCt bu,c ph@i nhQp c
thnh phJn thQp phn cho d phJn thQp l s/ 0, v dO 20.0.
S/ th6c &1Bc s0 dOng &' x0 l gi trF analog. Nu &i'm l3n c;a s/ th6c
l cc php ton &1Bc s0 dOng v3i n. Cc php ton ny bao g=m: c,ng,
trU, nhn, chia cang nh1 cc lnh sin, cos, exp, ln, v.v..., &1Bc s0 dOng chnh
trong cc thuQt gi@i &i$u khi'n vng kn (closed-loop control algorithms).
D@ng tZng qut cCa s- Real = (d7u) (1.f) (2
e-127
) v9i f: ph6n th1p phn.
V d): Bi'u di\n s/ 0.75
260
S/ Real = +1.5 * 2
126-127
= 0.75
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
D)u c;a
s/ Real
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
e = Exponent (8 Bit)
f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
e = Exponent (8 Bit)
f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
-23
2
-1
2
-2
2-
4
..... 2
-3
2
-1
2
-2
2-
4
..... 2
-3

Hnh 14.2: Bi+u di`n s- real
14.1.4 Ki0u d< liGu s; BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
Tr13c &y, &' lit k v m t@ cc s/ nguyn &1Bc th6c hin &4n gi@n
v3i cc nt nh)n s/ d.ng xoay vng v b, chH thF s/. Cc nt nh)n s/ v hi'n
thF s/ ny &1Bc kAt n/i v3i cc module vo v ra s/ c;a PLC.
MWi ch7 s/ c;a s/ decimal &1Bc m ha E b/n bit. V ch7 s/ cao nh)t
c;a decimmal l 9 nn b/n bit &1Bc s0 dOng v c m nhF phn t14ng ?ng
cho cc ch7 s/ decimal nh1 sau:
S- Decimal BCD Code S- Decimal BCD Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
6
7
8
9
10 ... 15
0110
0111
1000
1001
khng c
D' cc s/ m cang c th' &1Bc xc &Fnh b9ng nt nh)n s/ xoay vng
m BCD, th S7-200 m ha d)u trong bit c tr]ng s/ cao nh)t (most
significant bit). Bit d)u = 0 &' chH s/ d14ng. Bit d)u = 1 chH thF s/ m. S7-200
ch)p nhQn cc s/ BCD m 16-bit (d)u + 3 digits) v m 32-bit (d)u + 7 digits).
Ph.m vi bi'u di\n c;a s/ BCD 16 bit tU - 999 &An + 999, ph.m vi bi'u di\n
c;a s/ BCD 32 bit tU -9999999 &An + 9999999.
Khng c &Fnh d.ng d7 liu cho vic xc &Fnh cc gi trF theo m BCD
trong S7-200. Tuy nhin ta c th' xc &Fnh s/ decimal v3i m BCD &1Bc cho
E s/ HEX. M nhF phn c;a s/ HEX v s/ decimal m BCD th gi/ng nhau.
V d): Bi'u di\n s/ 662 E BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit

261
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x x 0 BIN.: 2#
BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
Sign (+) 9 2
16 Bit:
32 Bit:
Sign (+)
6
6 9 2 0 0 0 0
DEC: + 662 HEX: 16# 2 9 6 0
DEC: + 662 HEX: 16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6

Hnh 14.4: Bi+u di`n s- BCD 16 bit v BCD 32 bit
14.2 Ch"c nang sao chp
V3i ch?c nRng sao chp, n,i dung c;a m,t vng ny sj &1Bc sao chp
&An m,t vng khc trong b, nh3. Vic trao &Ki hay sao chp n,i dung c th'
th6c hin v3i m,t byte, m,t word, m,t double word hay m,t gi trF s/ ho>c
m,t m@ng l3n d7 liu tU vng ny sang vng khc trong b, nh3.
14.2.1 Cc lGnh sao chp, trao /(i n1i dung
D' sao chp cc d7 liu ki'u byte, word, double word k' c@ s/ th6c (real)
tU n4i ny &An n4i khc ta s0 dOng lnh Move.
Trong m,t s/ tr1Zng hBp cJn tro &Ki n,i dung c;a m,t byte (byte th)p
v byte cao) trong m,t word ta s0 dOng lnh Swap.
C php c;a cc lnh E STL nh1 sau:
LKnh MOVB IN,OUT: Lnh Move Byte (MOVB) th6c hin sao chp n,i
dung c;a byte IN sang byte OUT.
LKnh MOVW IN,OUT: Lnh Move Word (MOVW) th6c hin sao chp n,i
dung c;a word IN sang word OUT
LKnh MOVD IN,OUT: Lnh Move Double Word (MOVD) th6c hin sao
chp n,i dung c;a double word IN sang double
word OUT.
LKnh MOVR IN,OUT: Lnh Move Real (MOVR) th6c hin sao chp n,i
dung c;a m,t s/ th6c IN sang s/ th6c OUT.
LKnh SWAP IN: Lnh Swap Byte (Swap) th6c hin tro &Ki n,i
dung c;a byte th)p v byte cao trong word IN.
C php c;a cc lnh MOVE E LAD v FBD c c)u trc chung nh1 sau:
V3i:
* X: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word)
ho>c R(Real).
* IN: D7 liu cJn sao chp, c th' l byte, word,
double word ho>c real ty theo X l B, W, D hay R.
262
* OUT: VF tr c;a n4i cJn sao chp &An, c th' l
byte, word, double word ho>c real ty theo
X l B, W, D hay R.
* EN: L ng vo bit. Cho php th6c hin lnh
&1Bc viAt E LAD ho>c FBD.
Tr1Zng hBp khng cJn thiAt c &i$u kin E
ng vo EN th ph@i s0 dOng SM0.0.
* ENO: Ng ra bit. Cho php kAt n/i song song
ho>c n/i tiAp v3i cc h,p khc. NAu php
ton x0 l khng c lWi th EN=ENO.
D' l)y lnh MOV E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+)
E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc
lnh cJn l)y l:
: sao chp Byte
: sao chp double Word
: sao chp Word : sao chp s/ th6c
gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u kin cho ng vo
EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0, Byte c n,i dung
cJn sao chp &>t E ng IN v byte ch?a &6ng thng tin sao chp ch?a E
OUT.
V d): Copy nh3 s/ th6c E VD50 vo nh3 s/ th6c VD60 khi M1.0 tch c6c.
LAD: STL:

LD M1.0
MOVR VD50, VD60
* C php dng lKnh SWAP trong LAD nh7 sau:
LAD Ton h7ng

IN (Word): VW, IW, QW, MW, SW,
SMW, T, C, LW, AC, *VD,
*AC, *LD
D' l)y lnh SWAP E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+)
E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc
lnh cJn l)y l: , gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n.
NhQp &i$u kin cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit

263
nh3 SM0.0, word cJn tro &Ki n,i dung gi7a byte th)p v byte cao &>t E ng
IN.
V d): nh3 VW40 c gi trF &1Bc bi'u di\n E s/ Hex l CAFE. Gi trF ny sj
&1Bc &@o l.i thnh FECA khi ng vo I2.0 &1Bc kch h]at. Ch14ng trnh
&1Bc viAt nh1 sau:
LAD: STL:

LD I2.0
SWAP VW40
14.2.2 Cc lGnh sao chp m1t m8ng lIn d< liGu
D' sao chp m,t m@ng l3n d7 liu tU n4i ny &An n4i khc ta s0 dOng
lnh Block Move. Lnh sao chp m,t m@ng l3n cho php th6c hin v3i Byte,
Word v Double Word.
C php c;a cc lnh E STL nh1 sau:
* LKnh BMB IN,OUT,N: Lnh Block Move Byte (BMB) sao chp n,i dung c;a
m,t m@ng Byte. S/ l1Bng byte &1Bc sao chp xc
&Fnh bEi N c ki'u byte. Do & c th' sao chp t/i &a
l 255 byte. Byte &Ju tin c;a m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E
ng IN (ki'u byte). N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i byte
&Ju tin c;a m@ng E ng OUT.
* LKnh BMW IN,OUT,N: T14ng t6 nh1 lnh BMB, lnh Block Move Word
(BMW) sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng word. S/
l1Bng word &1Bc sao chp xc &Fnh bEi N c ki'u
byte. Do & c th' sao chp t/i &a l 255 word. Word
&Ju tin c;a m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E ng IN (ki'u
word). N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i word &Ju tin c;a
m@ng E ng OUT.
* LKnh BMD IN,OUT,N: T14ng t6 nh1 lnh BMB, lnh Block Move Double
Word (BMD) sao chp n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng
Double Word. S/ l1Bng Double word &1Bc sao chp
xc &Fnh bEi N c ki'u byte. Do & c th' sao chp
t/i &a l 255 Double word. Double Word &Ju tin c;a
m@ng &1Bc xc &Fnh E ng IN (ki'u Double word).
N4i &An &1Bc xc &Fnh v3i Double word &Ju tin c;a
m@ng E ng OUT.
C php c;a cc lnh E LAD v FBD c c)u trc tKng qut nh1 sau:

264
V3i:
* X: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), D (Double word).
* IN: VF tr &Ju tin c;a m@ng d7 liu cJn sao chp,
c th' l Byte, Word ho>c double Word ty theo X.
* OUT: VF tr &Ju tin c;a m@ng d7 liu cJn l1u tr7
thng tin sao chp. c th' l Byte, Word ho>c
double Word ty theo X.
* N: S/ l1Bng Byte, Word, Double word &1Bc
sao chp, c gi trF tU 0 &An 255.
* EN, ENO: t14ng t6 nh1 E lnh MOVE.
D' l)y lnh BLKMOV E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u
(+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong
cc lnh cJn l)y l: (sao chp m@ng Byte), (sao
chp m@ng Word), (sao chp m@ng double Word ), gi7 chu,t
tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u kin cho ng vo EN, nAu lc
no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0; Byte, word ho>c double word
(ty theo lnh) &Ju tin c;a m@ng cJn sao chp &>t E ng IN v s/ l1Bng
t14ng ?ng &1Bc &>t vo chn N.
V d): Khi kch ho.t I1.0 th n,i dung c;a m,t m@ng g=m 4 byte bCt &Ju tU
Byte VB10 sj &1Bc copy sang vng nh3 g=m c 4 byte khc c byte &Ju tin
l VB100. Ch14ng trnh &1Bc viAt nh1 d13i &y:
LAD: FBD: STL:

LD I1.0
BMB VB10, VB100, 4
Gi@ thiAt n,i dung c;a m@ng cJn sao chp l:
Byte VB10 VB11 VB12 VB13
N,i dung 20 21 22 23
KAt qu@ thu d1Bc sau lnh: BMB VB10, VB100, 4 l:
Byte VB100 VB101 VB102 VB103
N,i dung 20 21 22 23
14.3 Php ton so snh
V3i ch?c nRng so snh, gi trF c;a hai ton h.ng c;a cng ki'u d7 liu sj
&1Bc so snh v3i nhau. KAt qu@ c;a so snh l m,t gi trF logic, nAu &ng
theo ch?c nRng so snh th kAt qu@ logic l 1, cn nAu sai kAt qu@ logic l

265
0. Ty thu,c vo lo.i CPU c;a h] S7-200 m c th' c t ho>c nhi$u ch?c
nRng so snh.Cc ch?c nRng so snh &/i CPU 22x c th' l:
Ton h@ng 1 (IN1) ChGc n\ng so snh Ton h@ng 2 (IN2)
D< liGu c th0 l:
Byte, Int,DInt, Real
> : LIn h6n
>= : LIn h6n hoKc bEng
== : BEng nhau
<> : Khng bEng nhau (khc
nhau)
<= : B h6n hoKc bEng
< : B h6n
D< liGu c th0 l:
Byte, Int,DInt, Real
Khi so snh gi trF Byte (B) th khng cJn ph@i &' &An d)u c;a ton
h.ng, ng1Bc l.i khi so snh l cc s/ Int (I), Dint (D), Real (R) th ph@i ch
&An d)u c;a tan h.ng.
C php tKng qut cho php tan so snh E LAD l:
V3i:
X: l php so snh. N c th' l:
+ So snh byte: >B, >=B, ==B, <>B, <B, <=B
+ So snh s/ Int: >I, >=I, ==I, <>I, <I, <=I
+ So snh s/ Dint: >D, >=D, ==D, <>D, <D, <=D
+ So snh s/ Real: >R, >=R, ==R, <>R, <R, <=R
+ n1: Gi trF cJn &1Bc so snh (gi trF ch1a biAt).
+ n2: Gi trF so snh (gi trF & biAt).
D/i v3i ngn ng7 LAD v FBD, khi kAt qu@ so snh l &ng, th lnh so
snh sj &>t tiAp &i'm (LAD) ho>c ng ra (FBD) E tr.ng thi ON.
D/i v3i ngn ng7 STL, khi kAt qu@ so snh l &ng th lnh so snh Load,
AND, ho>c OR gi trF 1 v3i gi trF E &Hnh c;a ngRn xAp.
D' l)y cc lKnh so snh E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t vo
d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t
trong cc lnh cJn l)y, gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp
gi trF ch1a biAt theo lnh cJn so snh (byte, word, double word) vo vF tr cc
d)u ch)m hPi n9m trn lnh. NhQp gi trF & biAt (th1Zng l cc con s/) ho>c
gi trF &1Bc ch?a trong cc nh3 byte, word, double word vo vF tr cc d)u
ch)m hPi n9m d13i lnh.
V dO 14.2: Gi9i h@n gi trU.
ViAt m,t ch14ng trnh th6c hin nhim vO sau: NAu gi trF E MW20 n9m
trong ph.m vi (50;500) th sj cho php xu)t gi trF ra E ng ra MW22. NAu gi
trF E MW20 l3n h4n gi trF 500 th ng ra s/ MW22 l gi trF 500 v &n bo
gi trF max sng. NAu gi trF E MW20 nhP h4n gi trF 50 th ng ra s/ MW22 l
gi trF 50 v &n bo gi trF min sng. Ch cc ng vo ra s/ l Int.
GiBi:
266
B>ng k hi'u
GT_sosanh MW20 Gi trF s/ cJn biAt c v1Bt ngoi ph.m vi (50;500)
GT_dung MW22 Gi trF n9m trong ph.m vi cho php
Bao_max Q0.0 Dn bo gi trF l3n h4n 500
Bao_min Q0.1 Dn bo gi trF nhP h4n 50
Ch7:ng trnh:
LAD STL

Network 1 Kiem tra gia tri vao
LDW< LDW< MW20, 50
AW> MW20, 500
MOVW MW20, MW22

Network 2 Bao vuot qua gia tri 500
LDW>= MW20, 500
= Q0.0
MOVW 500, MW22

Network 3 Bao nho hon gia tri 50
LDW<= MW20, 50
= Q0.1
MOVW 50, MW22

14.4 Php ton s; hic
m nhi$u nhim vO &Am nh1 &Am s@n ph[m, &Am s/ vng quay, &Am
xung .v.v... th kAt qu@ &Am ph@i &1Bc gim st. Bn c.nh cc php tan so
snh & biAt cJn ph@i c thm cc php ton s/ h]c nh1 c,ng, trU, nhn,
chia. Cn cc php ton khc nh1 sin, cos, tan, PID .... sj &1Bc kh@o st E
t1p 2 c;a b, sch k< thu1t #i/u khi+n l1p trnh PLC SIMATIC S7-200.
14.4.1. C1ng v trd
Cc php tan c,ng v trU c th' th6c hin &1Bc &/i v3i cc s/ Integer
(16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s/ th6c (32 bit). Ty thu,c vo php tan l
c,ng ho>c trU d.ng s/ no m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc sj E d.ng s/ &.

267
Khi c lWi do trn ho>c gi trF khng hBp l th bit SM1.1 &1Bc set ln
m?c logic 1.

C php lnh bi'u di\n cho php ton c,ng v trU nh1 sau:

Php ton cSng Php ton tr8 Ch thch
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

Thc hi'n:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

Thc hi'n:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT
* x: c th' l I (Integer),
DI (Double integer),
R(Real).
* EN = 1: cho php
c,ng ho>c trU.
* ENO = 0: khi c lWi.
* IN1, IN2, OUT: cc
ng vo ra d.ng s/ c
cng ki'u d7 liu v3i x.
Bi'u di\n E STL:
+I IN1, OUT
+D IN1, OUT
+R IN1, OUT
Thc hi'n:
IN1 + OUT = OUT
Bi'u di\n E STL:
-I IN1, OUT
-D IN1, OUT
-R IN1, OUT
Thc hi'n:
OUT IN1 = OUT

D' l)y lnh cSng hoUc tr8 s, nguyn E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta
nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau &
trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l: (c,ng s/ Integer),
( c,ng s/ DInt), ( trU s/ Integer), ho>c ( trU s/
DInt), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u kin cho ng
vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn
c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E
ng OUT.
D' l)y lnh cSng hoUc tr8 s, thLc (real) E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta
nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh.
Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l: (c,ng s/ real),
( trU s/ real), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp
&i$u kin cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3
SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2.
NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
14.4.2. Nhn v chia
Cc php tan nhn v chia c th' th6c hin &1Bc &/i v3i cc s/ Integer
(16 bit), Double integer (32 bit) v s/ th6c (32 bit). Ty thu,c vo php tan l
nhn ho>c chia d.ng s/ no m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc sj E d.ng s/ &.
ADD_x SUB_x
268
Khi c lWi do trn ho>c gi trF khng hBp l th bit SM1.1 &1Bc set ln
m?c logic 1. NAu kAt qu@ l zero th SM1.0 =1, kAt qu@ m th SM1.2 =1,
v SM1.3 =1 nAu chia cho 0.
C php lnh bi'u di\n cho php ton nhn v chia nh1 sau:

Php ton nhn Php ton chia Ch thch
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

Thc hi'n:
IN1 * IN2 = OUT
Bi'u di\n E LAD:

Thc hi'n:
IN1 / IN2 = OUT
* x: c th' l I (Integer),
DI (Double integer),
R(Real).
* EN = 1: cho php
nhn ho>c chia.
* ENO = 0: khi c lWi.
* IN1, IN2, OUT: cc
ng vo ra d.ng s/ c
cng ki'u d7 liu v3i x.
Bi'u di\n E STL:
*I IN1, OUT
*D IN1, OUT
*R IN1, OUT
Thc hi'n:
IN1 * OUT = OUT
Bi'u di\n E STL:
/I IN1, OUT
/D IN1, OUT
/R IN1, OUT
Thc hi'n:
OUT / IN1 = OUT

D' l)y lnh nhn hoUc chia s, nguyn E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta
trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l: (nhn s/ Integer),
( nhn s/ DInt), ( chia s/ Integer), ho>c ( chia
s/ DInt), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp &i$u kin cho
ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc
biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt
qu@ E ng OUT.
D' l)y lnh nhn hoUc chia s, thLc (real) E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD,
ta nh)p chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh.
Sau & trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l: (nhn s/ real),
( chia s/ real), gi7 chu,t tri, ko v th@ vo vF tr mong mu/n. NhQp
&i$u kin cho ng vo EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3
SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn c;a php ton t14ng ?ng vo cc ng IN1 v IN2.
NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
14.4.3. V d% php ton s; hic
V dO 14.3: 3Mm sBn phZm
S@n ph[m trn m,t bRng t@i &1Bc nhQn biAt bEi c@m biAn S1. TKng s/
l1Bng s@n ph[m &Am &1Bc ch?a trong MD20. C? 10 s@n ph[m sj &1Bc &ng
thnh m,t thng v s/ l1Bng thng &1Bc ch?a trong MD24. S/ l1Bng s@n
ph[m c th' bF xa b9ng nt nh)n S2.
MUL_x DIV_x

269
GiBi
B>ng k hi'u
S1 I0.0 C@m biAn nhQn biAt s@n ph[m
S2 I0.1 Nt nh)n xa s/ l1Bng s@n ph[m
So_SP MD20 Gi trF s@n ph[m &Am &1Bc
So_Thung MD24 S/ l1Bng thng
Ch7:ng trnh:
LAD STL

Network 1 Xoa so luong san pham
LDW< LD I0.1
EU
MOVD 0, MD20

Network 2 Dem so luong san pham
LD I0.0
EU
+D 1, MD20

Network 3 So luong thung
LD SM0.0
MOVD MD20, MD24
/D 10, MD24
14.5 Tang v gi8m thanh ghi
TRng v gi@m l m,t hnh th?c khc c;a qu trnh &Am. Lnh tRng
ho>c gi@m c,ng 1 v3i ng vo ho>c l)y ng vo trU 1 v kAt qu@ &1Bc &1a ra
ng ra.
Lnh tRng ho>c gi@m th6c hin &1Bc v3i byte, word v double word.
Bi'u di\n tKng qut E LAD:
v3i xxx_y c th' l:
INC_B (tRng byte), INC_W (tRng word),
INC_DW (tRng double word).
DEC_B (gi@m byte), DEC_W (gi@m word),
DEC_DW (gi@m double word).
nghâ:

xxx_y
270
* TRng: IN + 1 = OUT
* Gi@m: IN -1 = OUT
Bi'u di\n E STL:
L'nh t\ng: L'nh gi>m:
Byte:
Word:
Double
word:
INCB OUT
INCW OUT
INCD OUT
DECB OUT
DECW OUT
DECD OUT

nghja:
OUT + 1 = OUT OUT -1 = OUT
D' l)y lnh tFng hoUc giBm thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta
trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l:
: tRng byte
: gi@m byte
: tRng word : gi@m word
: tRng double word : gi@m double word
EN, nAu lc no cang th6c hin th s0 dOng bit nh3 SM0.0. NhQp cc biAn cJn
tRng ho>c gi@m ng IN. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng
ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn).
V dO 14.4: Hy viAt m,t ch14ng trnh con cho khu tRng gi@m t/c &, &,ng c4
trn mn hnh &i$u khi'n TP170micro &' khi )n phm (+) th t/c &, &,ng c4
tRng dJn ln, cn khi )n phm (-) th t/c &, &,ng c4 gi@m dJn xu/ng.

Gi@i
Nh9m gip cho b.n &]c d\ hi'u, c? mWi lJn )n m,t phm (+) ho>c
phm (-) th t/c &, &,ng c4 tRng ho>c gi@m &i m,t vng quay. m &y c th' c
nhi$u ph14ng php nh1ng chH gi3i h.n kiAn th?c c4 b@n trong quy'n sch,
cn cc kiAn th?c nng cao xin b.n &]c tQp 2.

271
B>ng k hi'u
Phim + M0.0 TRng t/c &,ng c4
Phim - M0.1 Gi@m t/c &,ng c4
TD_Dongco MW20 BiAn t/c &, &,ng c4
Ch7:ng trnh:
LAD STL

Network 1 Tang toc dong co
LD M0.0
EU
INCW MW20

Network 2 Giam toc dong co
LD M0.1
EU
DECW MW20
14.6. Cc php tan logic s;
14.6.1 Cc logic s; trong S7-200
Php ton logic s/ sj th6c hin theo tUng bit c;a hai tan h.ng s/
t14ng ?ng hay m,t tan h.ng s/ v3i m,t h9ng s/. Cc php logic s/ c th'
lit k E b@ng sau:
Php
ton:
INV AND OR XOR
V d%: IN: ....1001

OUT: 0110
IN1: ....1010
IN2: ....1100
OUT:...1000
IN1:....1010
IN2: ....1100
OUT:...1110
IN1:....1010
IN2: ....1100
OUT:...0110
Bi0u dihn:

Cc lKnh logic s, l:
* L'nh #>o byte (INVB), #>o word (INVW), #>o double word (INVD) sR #>o
cc bit H ng vo IN v k8t qu> #!Ac #!a ra ng OUT.
AND OR
XOR INV
272
* L'nh AND Byte (ANDB), AND Word (ANDW), v AND Double Word (ANDD)
thc hi'n AND cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu>
#!Ac #!a ra OUT.
* L'nh OR Byte (ORB), OR Word (ORW), v OR Double Word (ORD) thc
hi'n OR cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu> #!Ac
#!a ra OUT.
* L'nh XOR Byte (XORB), XOR Word (XORW), v XOR Double Word (XORD)
thc hi'n XOR cc bit t!:ng Gng cCa hai gi trU ng vo IN1 v IN2 v k8t qu>
#!Ac #!a ra OUT.
D' l)y cc php ton logic s, E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p chu,t
vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP
chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l:
: &@o byte : OR byte
: &@o word
: OR word
: &@o dword : OR double word
: AND byte : XOR byte
: AND word : XOR word
: AND double word
: XOR double word
tRng ho>c gi@m ng IN. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT. (thng th1Zng
ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn).

14.6.2. _ng d%ng
14.6.2.1 Che v> tr cc bit
M,t ?ng dOng c;a php tan AND s/ l che vF tr bit. D' lm [n &i nh7ng
vF tr bit khng cJn thiAt ho>c khng mu/n xu)t hin th ta s0 dOng m>t n., E
nh7ng vF tr bit cJn thiAt ta cho gi trF 1 v lm [n nh7ng bit khng cJn thiAt
b9ng cch cho bit t14ng ?ng gi trF 0. V dO ta cJn l)y 4 bit cu/i cng c;a
VW100 th ta sj OR VW100 v3i m>t n. sau: 0000 0000 0000 1111 v kAt qu@
&1Bc ch?a vo VW200.
Ch14ng trnh:
LAD STL


273
14.6.2.2 Chn thm bit
M,t ?ng dOng c;a php tan OR s/ l chn bit. Mu/n cho bit no trong
thanh ghi ln m?c 1 th ta sj OR E bit t14ng ?ng v3i gi trF 1. V dO ta mu/n
4 bit cu/i c;a VW100 c gi trF 1 th ta sj OR n v3i gi trF sau: 0000 0000
0000 1111.
Ch14ng trnh:
LAD STL

14.7 Ch"c nang d>ch/quay thanh ghi
14.7.1 Ch"c nang d>ch chuy0n thanh ghi
V3i ch?c nRng dFch chuy'n thanh ghi, cc bit c;a biAn sj &1Bc dFch v$
bn ph@i hay bn tri theo m,t gi trF xc &Fnh. Ty theo vic dFch chuy'n
thanh ghi l 1 Byte, 1 word hay 1 double word m gi trF dFch c th' t/i &a l 8,
16 hay 32.
NAu c th6c hin php ton dFch (khc 0) th n,i dung c;a bit sau cng
thot ra khPi thanh ghi &1Bc ch?a trong nh3 SM1.1. Cn nAu sau khi th6c
hin php dFch m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc c;a cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh3 SM1.0
&1Bc h &i$u hnh &>t gi trF l 1.
Trong PLC h] S7-200, ngoi ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n IEC
1131-3, cn c ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n c;a hng s@n xu)t
(Siemens). Cc lnh dFch chuy'n thanh ghi &1Bc cho nh1 sau:

14.7.1.1 D>ch tri
m php ton dFch tri, cho php dFch byte, word v double word.
C php chung bi'u di\n P LAD l:
V9i:
* x: C th' l B (Byte), W (Word), DW (Double word).
* IN: Thanh ghi cJn dFch tri c th' Byte, Word ho>c
Double word.
* OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi dFch tri. c th' Byte,
Word ho>c Double word.
* N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn dFch tri. Ty theo dFch byte,
word hay double word m N c gi trF max l 8,
16, 32.

SHL_x
274

* EN, ENO: Xem mOc 14.2.1

C php chung bi'u di\n P STL l:
* DFch tri byte: SLB OUT, N
* DFch tri word: SLW OUT, N
* DFch tri double word: SLD OUT, N
Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php dUch tri sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh
ghi c6n dUch.

V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 0 1 th yu cJu dFch tri byte VB10 &i 3 vF tr, kAt
qu@ ch?a vo VB10.

LAD STL

VB10 tr13c khi dFch:

VB10 sau khi dFch 3 vF tr:

14.7.1.2 D>ch ph8i
m php ton dFch ph@i, cho php dFch byte, word v double word.
V9i:
* IN: Thanh ghi cJn dFch ph@i c th' Byte, Word ho>c
Double word.
* OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi dFch ph@i. c th'
Byte, Word ho>c Double word.
* N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn dFch ph@i. Ty theo dFch byte,
word hay double word m N c gi trF max l 8,
16, 32.


1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

SM1.1
Chi$u dFch

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275
* DFch ph@i byte: SRB OUT, N
* DFch ph@i word: SRW OUT, N
* DFch ph@i double word: SRD OUT, N
Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php dUch ph>i sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh
ghi c6n dUch.
D' l)y cc php ton d<ch thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta nh)p
chu,t vo d)u (+) E bi'u t1Bng trong cy lnh. Sau & trP
chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l:
: dFch tri byte
: dFch ph@i byte
: dFch tri word
: dFch ph@i word
: dFch tri double word
: dFch ph@i double word
dFch E ng IN. S/ bit cJn dFch E ng N. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
(thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn).
V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 1 0 th yu cJu dFch tri byte VB10 &i 3 vF tr, kAt
qu@ ch?a vo VB10.

LAD STL

VB10 tr13c khi dFch:

VB10 sau khi dFch 3 vF tr

14.7.2 Ch"c nang quay thanh ghi
V3i ch?c nRng quay thanh ghi, cc bit c;a biAn (byte, word, double
word) sj &1Bc &[y vng trn sang ph@i hay sang tri theo m,t gi trF xc &Fnh.
T.i mWi m,t lJn quay, gi trF logic c;a bit bF &[y ra khPi &Ju ny cang l gi trF
logic &1Bc &1a vo &Ju kia c;a biAn.
Lnh quay sj khng th6c hin &1Bc nAu nh1 s/ &Am lJn quay c gi
trF b9ng 0 hay l b9ng b,i s/ c;a 8 &/i v3i quay byte, 16 &/i v3i word hay 32
&/i v3i double word.
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Chi$u dFch
SM1.1
276
D/i v3i cc gi trF khc c;a s/ &Am lJn quay l3n h4n 8 (&/i v3i byte),
l3n h4n 16 (&/i v3i word) ho>c 32 (&/i v3i double word), th lnh sj th6c hin
v3i s/ &Am lJn quay m3i b9ng phJn d1 c;a s/ lJn quay ca chia cho 8, 16
ho>c chia cho 32.
NAu c th6c hin php ton quay (khc 0) th n,i dung c;a bit sau
cng thot ra khPi thanh ghi &1Bc ch?a vo nh3 SM1.1. Cn nAu sau khi
th6c hin php quay m kAt qu@ thu &1Bc c;a cc thanh ghi l 0 th nh3
SM1.0 &1Bc h &i$u hnh &>t gi trF l 1.
Trong PLC h] S7-200, ngoi ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n
IEC 1131-3, cn c ngn ng7 &1Bc bi'u di\n theo chu[n c;a hng s@n xu)t
(Siemens). Cc lnh quay thanh ghi &1Bc cho nh1 sau:
14.7.2.1 Quay tri
m php ton quay tri, cho php quay byte, word v double word.
V9i:
* IN: Thanh ghi cJn quay tri c th' Byte, Word ho>c
Double word.
* OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi quay tri. c th'
* N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn quay tri.


* Quay tri byte: RLB OUT, N
* Quay tri word: RLW OUT, N
* Quay tri double word: RLD OUT, N
Ch : b STL, th k8t qu> sau php quay tri sR #!Ac chGa vo chnh thanh
ghi c6n quay.
D' l)y cc php ton quay thanh ghi E mn hnh so.n th@o LAD, ta
trP chu,t vo m,t trong cc lnh cJn l)y l:
: Quay tri byte
: Quay ph@i byte
: Quay tri word : Quay ph@i word
: Quay tri double word : Quay ph@i double word

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277
quay E ng IN. S/ bit cJn quay E ng N. NhQp biAn ch?a kAt qu@ E ng OUT.
(thng th1Zng ng vo v ra c chung m,t biAn).
V d): Khi bit M10.0 tU 0 1 th yu cJu quay tri byte VD10 &i 4 vF tr, kAt
qu@ ch?a vo VD10.

LAD STL

14.7.2.2 Quay ph8i
T14ng t6 nh1 E php ton quay tri, E php ton quay ph@i cho php
quay byte, word v double word.
V9i:
* IN: Thanh ghi cJn quay ph@i c th' Byte, Word ho>c
Double word.
* OUT: N4i l1u tr7 gi trF sau khi quay ph@i. c th'
* N: S/ l1Bng bit cJn quay ph@i.


* Quay ph@i byte: RLB OUT, N
* Quay ph@i word: RLW OUT, N
* Quay ph@i double word: RLD OUT, N
Ch : k STL, th k:t qu8 sau php quay ph8i sm /#Lc ch"a vo chnh
thanh ghi c@n quay.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Xoay 4 vF tr
sang tri
1 SM1.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VD10 sau khi quay tri
VD10 tr13c khi quay tri
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Xoay 4 vF tr
sang tri
1 SM1.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Xoay 4 vF tr
sang tri
1 SM1.1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ROR_x

Kỹ Thuật Điều Khiển Lập Trinh PLC SIMATIC S7 200 Ths Chau Chi Đức

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