Do An BK 56 2994

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni n Tt Nghip
SVTH: Nguyn Thin Huy TH1_K46

-1-

LI NI U

S pht trin nn kinh t ca mi quc gia ph thuc rt nhiu vo mc
c gi ha v t ng ha trong cc qu trnh sn xut. Trong qu trnh sn xut
cng nghip hin i s c gii ha v t ng ha gip nng cao nng sut lao
ng v cht lng sn phm. Mt trong nhng vn ang c cc nh sn
xut rt quan tm hin nay l vic ghp ni cc chi tit vi nhau cu thnh
sn phm. Trong tt c cc phng php ghp ni cc chi tit vi nhau th phng
php hn in c nhiu u im hn tt c v p ng c hu ht cc yu cu
ca cc nh sn xut . Chnh v vy m ngy nay cc my hn in xut hin
v c ng dng rng ri trong hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip, ch to my
,vn ti, xy dng nng nghip ...v tr thnh mt phn tt yu khng th thiu .
Mt trong nhng phng php nng cao cht lng ca cc mi hn l s
dng my hn h quang mt chiu hn.
ti tt nghip trong cun n ny l tm hiu, thit k ngun hn mt
chiu ding b chnh lu c : I
hmax
= 400 A ; U
dmax
= 70V.
Cng vi s gip nhit tnh ca thy gio Trng Tn em hon
thnh nhim v c giao v rt ra nhng vn cn thit v hn in vi cc
phng php s dng hp l v kinh t .
Ni dung ca n c trnh by theo su chng :
- Chng I : Gii thiu chung v hn in .
- Chng II : Tnh chn phng n .
- Chng III : Tnh ton thit k mch lc .
- Chng IV : Tnh ton thit k mch iu khin .
- Chng V : Thi cng lp rp mch iu khin .
- Chng VI : Kt lun .
Trong qu trnh tm hiu ,nghin cu v thc hin n ny em c gng
trnh by nhng vn v hn in ni chung v my hn mt chiu ni ring.


-2-

Nhng v thi gian nghin cu v thc hin ti c hn cng vi kinh nghim ,
kin thc ca bn thn cn hn ch nn n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu
st. Knh mong thy gio hng dn cng cc thy c gio trong khoa in gp
, gip em cng c kin thc ca mnh v rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim
qu bu cho nhng ln sau em thc hin tt hn.
Em xin c chn thnh cm n.
Sinh vin thc hin :
Nguyn Thin Huy .


-3-

Chng I:
GII THIU CHUNG V HN IN
I. MT S VN V HN IN :
Trong tt c cc phng php ghp ni cc chi tit vi nhau th phng php
hn in c nhiu u vit hn tt c. Chnh v vy m ngy nay n c s dng
rng ri trong hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip , xy dng , ch to my ... v hn
in tr thnh mt phn tt yu khng th thiu.
Phng php hn in c nhng u im ni bt sau :
+ Kh nng ghp ni cc chi tit cao vi cht lng mi hn tt .
+ Chi ph sn xut h , cho nng sut lao ng cao .
+ t tiu hao nguyn vt liu .
+ Bo v mi trng v sinh cng nghip .
+ Cng ngh n gin, kh nng c gii ha v t ng ha cao.
I.1. PHN LOI CC PHNG PHP HN IN :
C th phn loi cc phng php hn in theo s tng qut sau:

Hn in
Hn h Hn tip xc
Hn tay Hn t ng Hn ng Hn im Hn ni
Di lp
tr dung
Trong ga
bo v
Mt im
hai mt
Hai mt
mt im


-4-

Hnh I-1 : Phn loi cc phng php hn in .
I .2. H S TIP IN CA NGUN HN:
My hn l loi my lm vic ch ngn hn lp li . c trng quan
trng ca ch ny l h s tip in .
H s tip in T% ca ngun hn h quang c tnh theo cng thc
T%=
min max
max
ng lv
lv
t t
t
+
100%
Trong :
t
lvmax
: L thi gian hn ht mt que hn ( my hn tay) hoc thi gian
hn ht mt l in cc (my hn t ng). y l thi gian lm vic max
t
ngmin
: L thi gian thay xong mt que hn hoc mt l in cc v mi
c cho h quang chy li .y l thi gian ngh ngn nht .
m bo tui th cho my th khi vn hnh phi lun m bo :
I
h
2
.T% = I
hm
2
.T
m
% =const
Trong I
hm
v T
m
% l cc thng s c ghi trn nhn my.
II. HN H QUANG :
Hn h quang l phng php hn s dng hin tng h quang in. Hn
h quang c dng vi cc phng php hn bng tay, hn t ng hoc bn t
ng .
II. 1. CC YU CU I VI NGUN HN H QUANG :
Ngun hn h quang c th s dng l ngun mt chiu hoc ngun xoay
chiu nhng phi p ng c cc yu cu sau :
* in p khng ti phi ln mi c h quang :
+i vi ngun hn mt chiu :
Khi cc t l kim loi yu cu : U
omin
=(3040) v


-5-

Khi cc t l than yu cu : U
omin
=(4050) v.
+i vi ngun xoay chiu yu cu : U
omin
=(5060) v .
* m bo an ton khi vn hnh nht l ch ngn mch .Khi dng ngn
mch ln c th gy chy dy hn.
Dng ngn mch :
I
nm
=(1,21,4)I
m
.
* Ngun hn phi m bo cung cp cng sut cho my hn.
* Phi m bo iu chnh c dng hn v dng hn ph thuc vo ng
knh que hn. Dng hn c tnh theo cng thc sau :
I
h
=(4060)d.
Trong :
I
h
: Dng in hn: tnh bng (A).
d : ng knh que hn : tnh bng (mm).
* ng c tnh vn_ampe ca ngun hn phi ph hp vi tng phng php
hn:
+i vi phng php hn h quang bng tay th ng c tnh ngoi yu
cu phi dc (mm) :ng 1
+i vi phng php hn h quang t ng th ng c tnh ngoi yu
cu phi cng : ng 2
(2)
Im2 Im3
(1) (3)
h
Ih
Im1
o
O
U


-6-

Hnh I-2 : h c tnh ngoi ca ngun hn h quang .
*in th ca ngun hn phi thay i nhanh theo chiu di ca h quang khi
chiu di h quang tng ln n phi tng ln, khi chiu di h quang gim i n
phi h thp xung .
II.2. CC NGUN HN H QUANG :
Qu trnh hn h quang gm c cc cng vic :
+ t chy h quang .
+ Cho in cc tin dn v pha h quang tu theo s nng chy vt hn .
+ Gi cho h quang chy n nh vi mt chiu di nht nh.
+ Di chuyn que hn theo ng hn .
ng c tnh ngun hn nh sau:

h
Ih
o U
Im3
(3)
I
mi hq
20
30
40
50
60
70

Hnh I- 3 : ng c tnh ngun hn .
C hai loi ngun hn h quang : ngun hn h quang xoay chiu v ngun
hn h quang mt chiu.
II.2.1. Cc ngun hn h quang xoay chiu:
Khi hn bng in xoay chiu ngi ta thng s dng bin p hn v :
+D ch to, gi thnh h .
+C th to ra c dng in hn ln khong : 5002000 A.


-7-

Bin p hn thng c hai kiu :

II.2.1.a> Bin p hn (BAH) c cun khng ngoi :
Thng l my bin p h p mt pha, mch th cp c mc ni tip mt
cun phn khng :

a
W
1
W
2
W
ck
Hnh I-4: S nguyn l MBAH c cun khng ngoi

Cun khng mc ni tip vi mch th cp ca BAH c nhim v h thp
in th ca BAH n mt tr s cn thit pht sinh h quang. Khi ngn mch
mch hn cun khng thu ly in th th cp ca BAH gim dng ngn
mch xung.
II.2.1.b > My bin p hn kiu hn hp :
My bin p hn c cun khng lin h trc tip vi mch t chnh:
S nguyn l :
a
W2
W1
Hnh I-5: S nguyn l MBAH kiu hn hp.


-8-

Vi c hai phng php trn iu chnh dng hn ta thay i khe h (a)
khi khe h (a) tng th t tr ca mch t tng, t thng gim i, in t cm v
tr khng ca n gim i dng in hn tng ln v ngc li :
U
2
=U
hq
+U
ck

+Trong khi lm vic dng I
2
tng th U
ck
cng tng lm U
hq
gim.
+Khi ngn mch : I
2
=I
nm
;U
hq
=0.
Kt qu khi iu chnh (a) cho ta h ng c tnh nh sau :

a a
a
0
I
I
U
2 3 1
I I
I
h
h
< <
I
I I
0
(1)
(2) (3)
a1 a2
a
3
0
U
01
U
02
U
03
u
a a
a
2
3 1
< <
a
3
a2 a1
nm1 nm2 nm3 nm1 nm2 nm3

Hnh I-6: H c tnh khi iu chnh khe h (a)cun kh t.
II.2.2. Cc ngun hn h quang mt chiu :
Ngun hn h quang mt chiu c s dng cp cho cc my hn h quang
t ng, bn t ng hoc bng tay.
C hai loi ngun hn mt chiu :
+Dng my pht hn mt chiu .
+Dng b chnh lu bin i dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu cp
cho my hn .
II.2.2.a.> My pht hn mt chiu :
Cc my pht hn mt chiu phi p ng cyu cu l phi to ra h c
tnh ngoi dc cho phng php hn bng tay v mm cho hn t ng.
c th s dng cc loi my pht hn mt chiu sau:


-9-

a.1> my pht hn mt chiu c cun kch t c lp v cun kh t mc ni
tip :
S nguyn l :

+
-
w2
f
w1
u
2
cm
1
VR
+
-
w1: Cun kch t c lp.
w2: Cun kh t ni tip.

+Cch 1 : Thay i s vng dy ca cun W
2
bng chuyn mch CM. y l
phng php iu chnh th, dng in s thay i t ngt (nhy cp ) do vng
dy W
2
s thay i t ngt:(hnh :I-7a)
+Cch 2 : Thay i dng kch t I
kt
ca W
1
bng chit p VR
1
. y l
phng php iu chnh tinh dng in s thay i tuyn tnh lin tc : (Hnh : I-
7b)
w
w
i
0 0
u
i
i i i
u
u
u
i
i
i
< <
Hnh :1-7a
Hnh :1-7b
kt3
kt2
kt1
03
02
01
0
u
u
h
h
22
21
i i i i i
nm2 nm3 nm1
kt3 kt2 kt1
nm2 nm1
w > w
22 21


-10-

HnhI-7 : H c tnh ngoi v c tnh iu chnh ca my hn mt chiu.
10a.2> My pht hn mt chiu c cun kch t song song cun kh t ni tip
:
S nguyn l :
f
+
rv w1
2
w2
cm
1
w1: Cun kch t.
w2: Cun kh t .
Hnh v : I-8

Phng php iu chnh v h c tnh ngoi tng t nh mc :a.1>
a.3> My pht hn mt chiu c cc t r:
iu chnh dng hn ta iu chnh VR. Khi ta iu chnh c c
dng kch t trong cun kch t chnh W
1
v cun ph W
2
. To ra ng c
tnh ngoi dc.
S nguyn l :


-11-

F
W1
W2
VR
A
C
Z
-
+

a.4> Nhn xt :
Mc d c mt s u im nhng khi s dng my pht hn mt chiu
hn h quang thng gp nhng kh khn sau :
+ Qu trnh iu chnh kh phc tp .i vi nhng my c cng sut ln i
khi phi s dng nhng ng c ring khi ng v iu chnh.
+Gy ting n ln khi lm vic , khng an ton khi vn hnh .
+kch thc kng knh , cn bo dng lun lun dn n chi ph vn hnh
cao trong khi hiu sut li khng cao .
Ngy nay do ng dng tin b KHKT in t dn n s pht trin ca cng
nghip v kh nng t ng ha trong sn xut m cc my pht hn t c s
dng v dn b thay th trong cc nh my, x nghip thay vo l cc loi
my hn s dng cc b bin i chnh lu.
II.2.2.b.> Ngun hn mt chiu dng b chnh lu :
*Cu to : gm hai b phn chnh : My bin p hn v b chnh lu.
+My bin p hn : l loi my bin p c bit chuyn dng to ra in p
nh v dng in ln .Cng sut ln .
+B chnh lu : c th s dng cc s chnh lu mt pha hoc ba pha ;
i xng hoc khng i xng .Ta thng s dng cc s chnh lu sau:
+ Cu mt pha c iu khin .


-12-

+ Cu ba pha c iu khin i xng hoc khng i xng .
+ S tia ba pha c iu khin .
+ S su pha hnh tia.
II. hn h quang t ng .
Qu trnh hn gm c cc cng vic :
+t chy h quang .
+Cho in cc tin dn v pha h quang ty theo s nng chy .
+Gi cho h qang chy vi mt chiu di nht nh .
+Di chuyn que hn theo ng hn .
Hn t ng th tt cc cng vic trn u c thc hin bng my mc .
Hn na t ng th mt s cng vic c thc hin bng my mt s c
thc hin bng tay .
Hn h quang t ng c dng c bit trong cc ngnh ch to tu bin,
my bay , ni hi , ... vi cht lng mi hn tt , ngn la h quang chy n
nh v chng xm thc ca khng kh vo mi hn.
*Trong my hn c hai h thng truyn ng ring bit :
+H truyn ng y in cc vo vng hn:S dng h my pht_ ng c
hoc h b bin i tiristor _ng c ( T _ ).
+H truyn ng di chuyn xe hn.
*Cc h truyn ng trn my hn h quang t ng yu cu iu chnh tc
m , phm vi iu chnh tc ti D=10:1.
III. hn tip xc .
Hn tip xc l phng n li dng hiu ng nhit ca dng in chy qua
im tip xc gia hai tm kim loi to ra s dnh kt gia hai tm kim loi .
C ba cch hn tip xc in hnh :
+ Hn im : hn cc tm kim loi mng .
+ Hn ni : hn ng hoc thanh .
+ Hn ng : hn cc thng cha .


-13-

Yu cu i vi ngun hn :
Phi c my bin p c bit vi :
+Ngun s cp : 380 v ; 50 H
z
; S= (25 50)KVA
+Th cp : (1,836 )v .
+Dng hn : I
h
10 .10
3
A.
+ Phm vi iu chnh dng hn rng : D=101.
C hai cch iu chnh dng hn :
+Dng bin p hn t ngu c th thay i s vng dy cun s cp.
+Dng b iu p xoay chiu tiristor.

Chng II:
tnh chn phng n
I . nhn xt chung :
Ngy nay vi trnh khoa hc ngy cng hin i, vic ng dng cc thnh
tu khoa hc k thut vo trong sn xut ngy cng c m rng. Trong cc
my hn in dng cc b chnh lu c u tin s dng rng ri trong cng
nghip, v p ng c cc sn xut v i mi cng ngh . Vic dng cc
b chnh lu c cc u im ni bt sau :
+C th to ra b ngun c cng sut ln .
+Tn tht in p b : 1,5V.
+ nhy ca h thng cao v qun tnh t b. n nh dngv p cao
+Hiu sut cao, khng gy n o, chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v sa cha
thp .


-14-

+Kch thc b nn thun li khi lm vic nhng ni cn di chuyn c
chn ng .
Tuy nhin cc b chnh lu cng c nhng hn ch sau:
+Chi ph u t ban u ln .
+i hi ngi s dng phi c mt trnh nht nh .
H thng chnh lu c chia thnh nhiu loi:
+Mt pha hoc ba pha .
+i xng hoc khng i xng .
+C iu chnh hoc khng c iu chnh.
Tuy nhin trong phm vi ti ny em xin trnh by ba phng n dng b
chnh lu c th dng khi thit k ngun hn mt chiu sau:
+Dng s chnh lu cu mt pha c iu khin .
+Dng s cu ba pha c iu khin khng i xng .
+Dng s cu ba pha c iu khin i xng.
II. phng n 1 :Dng b chnh lu cu mt pha c iu khin:
II. 1. S nguyn l :


-15-

II. 3. Cc thng s ca mch :
+Gi tr trung bnh ca in p ngay sau mch van chnh lu:
U
d
=
Cos U tdt Sin U

2 2
2 2
2
1
=
+
;
+Gi tr dng trung bnh ra ti :
I
d
=
d
d
R
U
;
+Tr s dng trung bnh qua cc tiristor :
I
v
=
2
d
I
;
+Tr s dng trung bnh ca cun th cp MBA:
I
2
=
d
I
2 2
;
+Cng sut mt chiu trn ti :
P
d
= 0,9.U
2
.I
d
;
+Cng sut tnh ton ca MBA:
S
ba
= 1,23.P
d
;


-16-

+in p ngc ln nht t ln cc tiristor :
U
ngmax
=1,41.U
2
;
II.4. Nhn xt :
a>u im :
+S mch lc n gin dng ht t tiristor;
+MBAl loi mt pha c cng sut MBA so vi sut mt chiu nm trong
gi hn cho php ; gi thnh thp.
+in p t ln cc tiristor l thp , mch lm vic n nh .
b>Nhc im :
+Kh nng iu chnh in p km.
+Cng sut t c l thp do ch s dng mt pha dng in nn d gy
mt i xng li in .
c>Phm vi ng dng :
S chng lu cu mt pha thng c s dng i vi nhng my hn c
cng sut nh yu cu v iu chnh dng in khng cao, yu cu cht lng
mi hn khng cao .
III . phng n 2 :Dng b chnh lu cu c iu khin ba pha khng
i xng:


-17-

III.3. Cc thng s ca mch :
U
d
=
+
2
1 6 3
2

Cos
U ;
I
d
=
d
d
R
U
;
I
v
=
3
d
I
;
I
2
=
d
I
3
2
;
P
d
= 2,34.U
2
.I
d
;


-18-

S
ba
= 1,05.P
d
;
+in p ngc ln nht t ln cc tiristor, it :
U
ngmax
= 6 .U
2
;
III.4. Nhn xt :
a>u im :
+S mch lc n gin dng c it v tiristor;
+Dng ba tiristor nn mch iu chnh n gin ;
+in p ra t p mch cht lng in p tng i tt;
b>Nhc im :
+Kh nng iu chnh in p khng cao ;
+S dng my bin p ba pha nn gi thnh tng i cao ;
+in p ngc t ln cc van ln nn phi c mch bo v ;
c>Phm vi ng dng :
S chng lu cu ba pha khng i xng thng c s dng i vi
nhng my hn c cng sut trung bnh, ln, c cht lng kh tt, gi thnh
va phi .

IV . phng n 3: Dng b chnh lu cu c iu khin ba pha i
xng:


-19-

IV.3. Cc thng s ca mch :
U
d
=
Cos U
2
6 3
;
I
d
=
d
d
R
U
;
I
v
=
3
d
I
;
I
2
=
d
I
3
2
;


-20-

P
d
= 2,34.U
2
.I
d
;
S
ba
= 1,05.P
d
;
+in p ngc ln nht t ln cc tiristor :
U
ngmax
= 6 .U
2
;
III.4. Nhn xt :
a>u im :
+S mch lc dng ht nhiu tiristor nht trong ba phng n nn vic
thit k mch iu khin s phc tp nht ;
+in p ra t p mch, kh nng iu chnh dng tt cht lng in p ra
cao ;
b>Nhc im :
+S dng my bin p ba pha nn gi thnh tng i cao ;
+in p ngc t ln cc van ln nn phi c mch bo v ;
c>Phm vi ng dng :
S chng lu cu ba pha i xng thng c s dng i vi nhng
my hn c cng sut trung bnh, ln, c yu cu cao v iu chnh dng hn.
Thc cht y l mt phng n tt .

IV. la chn phng n thit k mch lc:
Vi yu cu ca ti l thit k my hn mt chiu c :
+in p ti : U
d
=70 V ;
+Dng hn cc i : I
hmax
=400 A ;
Qua qu trnh phn tch ba phng n chnh lu trn. m bo cc yu
cu v ngun hn, m bo tnh thng dng v kinh t trong qu trnh ch to
em quyt nh chn phng php chnh lu cu ba pha khng i xng thc


-21-

hin ti thit k my hn h quang mt chiu theo yu cu ca ti. y
cng l ni dung chnh ca n ny .

Chng II:
tnh ton thit k mch lc
I. S mch lc :
Qua qu trnh phn tch la chn phng n thit k trong chng II ta xy
dng c s mch lc nh sau :


-22-

Trong s c s dng :
+AT:(Aptmt) Dng ng ct ngn, t ng bo v khi qu ti v ngn
mch u ra b bin i, ngn mch th cp MBA.
+CK : (Cun khng in ) l cun khng c li thp dng hn ch dng ngn
mch .
+R
sh
: (Shunt in tr) thc hin phn hi m in p iu chnh dng in v
bo v qu ti .
+BAH :(Bin p hn) L my bin p ba pha c s u dy /Y lm mt
bng khng kh .
+B chnh lu : Dng chnh lu cu ba pha khng i xng .


-23-

II. tnh ton my bin p :
Yu cu :
+in p ra ca chnh lu : U
d
= 70 V;
+Dng in hn cc i : I
hmax
= 400 A;
in p chnh lu khi khng ti :
U
do
=U
d
+ U
d

Trong :
U
d
=U
ba
+ U
v
+ U
ck

U
v
: St p trn van dn y gm mt tiristor v mt it : U
v
=2 V;
U
ck
: St p trn in khng : U
ck
=10%U
d
=10%.70 = 7V;
U
ba
: St p bn trong my bin p thng ly : U
ba
=(5% 10%)U
d ;
Chn : U
ba
=5%U
d
= 5%.70 =3,5 V;
Vy :
U
d
= 3,5 + 2 + 7 = 12,7 V ;
Suy ra : U
do
=70 +12,5 =82,5 V ;
II.1) Cc thng s c bn ca my bin p:
Ta c cng thc :
U
d
=
+
2
1 6 3
2

Cos
U ;
Chn gc m = 30
0
ng vi gi tr U
dmax
.
* in p th cp :
U
2
=
) 1 ( 6 3
2 .
Cos
U
d
+
=
) 35 cos 1 ( 6 3
. 2 . 7 , 82
0
+

= 39 (V)
* Gi tr hiu dng dng th cp bin p :
I
2
=
d
I
3
2
= 0,816 . 400 = 326,4 A


-24-

* Cng sut ti : P
d
=U
do
.I
d
=82,7.400 = 33KVA
* Cng sut my bin p :S
ba
=1,05 . P
d
= 1,05 .33 =35KVA
* in p s cp my bin p :U
1
=380 V
* H s bin p : K
ba
=U
2
/U
1
= 39/380 =0,103
* Dng s cp bin p :I
1
= K
ba
.I =326,4 .0,103 =33,5 (A)
II.2) Tnh ton cc kch thc ch yu ca MBA lc :
II.2.a) Tnh ton mch t:
*Tit din tr : c tnh theo cng thc :
Q = k.
f m
S
ba
.

Trong :
+k: H s ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt .Thng k=56.
Ta chn k=6.
+S
ba
: Cng sut my bin p (VA) : S
ba
=35000VA.
+m: S tr : m=3.
+f: Tn s dng xoay chiu : f=50 H
z

Thay s :
Q = 6.
50 . 3
35000
=92 cm.
Vi my bin p c cng sut S
ba
=35 KVA c th thit k loi tr hnh ch
nht nh sau :

a: Chiu rng tr .


-25-

b: Chiu dy tr .
h: Chiu cao tr.

Ta c : Q = a.b
m bo v mt k thut ta chn a/b = 1,25.
Ta c : a=8,5cm.
b = 10,8cm.
Tit din tr tnh li : Q=a.b = 8,5.10,8 = 91,8cm .
*Chiu cao tr :
Tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim :
h =
Q . 4
.
;
Trong :
Q: Tit din hiu qu ca tr .
: h s quan h gia chiu cao v chiu rng ca MBA .
Thng ly =1,15 1,35. Ta chn =1,35.
Vy :
h =
35 , 1
14 , 3
8 , 91 . 4
. 14 , 3
= 25cm.
Mch t ca my bin p gm cc l thp k thut in ghp li. Ta chn loi
thp cn ngui m hiu 3404 do nga sn xut c hm lng silic cao .
Tra theo bng 45- ti liu thit k MBA in lc - Phan t Th ta c cc thng
s sau :
+Sut tn hao st : p =0,675 W/Kg.
+Mt t cm : B = 1,2 tesla.


-26-

+B dy l thp : 0,35 mm.
+ T trng thp :
Fe
=7,65 Kg/dm
3
.
* Trng lng tr :
G
T
= m . Q .
Fe
. h . 10
-3
(Kg) .
= 3 .91,8 .7,65 .25 .10
-3
= 52,7 Kg.
Cc l thp c dp hnh ch I v ghp theo s :

Sau khi ghp mch t c dng :

: b

=b . k = 10,8 .1,05 = 11,3 cm .
k : H s p cht.
II.2.b) Tnh ton dy qun :
*in p mt vng dy :


-27-

U
v
= 4,44 . B . Q .f . 10
-4
(v).
Trong :
+B : Mt t cm : B = 1,2 tesla.
+Q: Tit din ca tr: Q = 91,8cm.
+f: Tn s dng xoay chiu : f=50 H
z
.
Thay s :
U
v
= 4,44 . 1,2 . 91,8 . 50 . 10
-4
= 2,4 V.
(1).Dy qun th cp :
*S vng dy mt pha cun th cp :
W
2
=
4 , 2
39
2
=
v
U
U
= 17 vng .
+Chn mt dng in l : J = 2,5 A/mm
2
.
*Tit din dy qun th cp :
S
2
= = =
5 , 2
4 , 326
2
J
I
130,56 (mm
2
).
Chn dy qun MBA co tit din hnh ch nht c bc si thy tinh cch
in . M hiu dy C do nga sn xut .
Tra theo bng 22- ti liu thit k MBA in lc Phan t Th ta c :
+Tit din dy : 3,15 x 20 x 2 (mm).
K c cch in : 3,56 x 20,5 x 2 (mm).
+T trng ng :
cu
=8,9 Kg/dm
3
.
*S vng dy mt lp cun th cp :


-28-

W
21
= 10 95 , 0
05 , 2
1 . 2 25
.
. 2
2
=
x k
b
h h
c
a
vng.
Trong :
+h
a
=1cm: Cch in vi gng.
+b
2
= 2,05cm: kch thc dy.
+k
c
=0,95 : h s p cht .
*S lp :
n
2
= = =
10
17
21
2
W
W
1,7
cun th cp c hai lp : 10vng +7vng.
*B dy cun th cp :
B
d2
= 2.(2.3,65)+0,5 =15,1mm =1,51cm.
+Cch in gia hai lp dy:0,5mm.
+B dy khun qun dy: 1mm.
Do sai s khi dp l thp nn khun qun cn rng hn mch t .Chiu rng
v c hai bn:1+1=2mm.
Khong cch t tr ti cun th cp :=1+1+0,5 =2,5mm = 0,25cm.
*Chu vi trung bnh cun th cp :
C
tb2
= 2.[(8,5 + 2.0,25 + 1,51 ) +(11,3 +2.0,25 +1,51)]
=47,64 cm.
*Chiu di dyqun cun th cp:
l
2
= W
2
. C
tb2
.2 = 17 . 47,64 . 2 = 1619,76cm =16,2m.


-29-

(2). Dy qun s cp :
*S vng dy mt pha cun s cp :
W
1
=
4 , 2
380
1
=
v
U
U
= 158 vng.
*Tit din dy qun cun s cp :
S
1
=
2 1
4 , 13
5 , 2
5 . 33
mm
J
I
= =
Chn dy qun s cp : 2 x 7,1 (cm).
K c cch in : 2,5 x 7,6 (cm).
*S vng dy mt lp cun s cp :
W
11
= 95 , 0
76 , 0
1 . 2 25
=28 vng.
*S lp :
n
1
=158/28 =5,6. phi c 6 lp :(5x28vng)+(1x18vng).
*B dy cun s cp : B
d1
= 6.2,5 + 5.0,5 =17,5mm =1,75cm.
+Cch in gia hai lp dy:=0,5mm.
+Cch in gia cun th cp v cun s cp: a
12
=1cm.
*Khong cch t tr ti cun s cp : = 2,5 + 15,1 + 10 = 27,6mm.
*Chu vi trung bnh cun th cp :
C
tb1
= 2.[(8,5 + 2.2,76 + 1,75 ) +(11,3 +2.2,76 +1,75)]
=68,68 cm.
*Chiu di dy qun cun th cp:


-30-

l
1
= W
1
. C
tb1
= 158 . 68,68 = 10851cm = 109 m.
+Khong cch cch in ngoi cng ca cc cun dy ca cc pha l :
a
22
= 1,5 cm.
*chiu rng ca s :
c = (2,76 + 1,75 ).2 + 1,5 = 10,5 cm.
(3). Kch thc cc l thp :
Mch t MBA gm ba loi l thp : 1 ; 2 ; 3; nh nh du trn hnh v.
*L 1 :
+Kch thc : h x a = 25cm x 8,5cm.
+S lng : =
35 , 0
b
. 3 =
35 , 0
8 , 10
. 3 = 93 l.
*L 2 :
+Kch thc : L
2
x a = (2c +a) = 29,5cm x 8,5cm.
+S lng : =
35 , 0
b
.1 =
35 , 0
8 , 10
.1 = 31 l.
*L 3:
+Kch thc :L
3
x a = (c + a) x a = 19cm x 8,5cm.
+S lng : =
35 , 0
b
x 2 =
35 , 0
8 , 10
.2 = 62 l.
II.2.c). Trng lng my bin p:
*Trng lng khi l thp 2 :
G
g2
= 1 x (L
2
x a x b) x
Fe
x 10
-3

=29,5 . 8,5 . 10,8 . 7,65 . 10
-3
=20,7 Kg.


-31-

*Trng lng khi l thp 3 :
G
g3
= 2x(L
3
x a x b) x
Fe
x 10
-3
= 2 .19,85 .8,5 .10,8.7,65. 10
-3
=26,7 Kg.
*Trng dy qun cun s cp :
G
d1
= 3 x (l
1
x 0,2 x 0,71) x
Cu
x 10
-3

= 3. ( 10900 . 0,2 . 0,71 ) . 8,9 . 10
-3
= 41,3 Kg.
* Trng lng dy qun cun th cp :
G
d1
= 3 x (l
2
x 0,315 x 2,05) x
Cu
x 10
-3

= 3. ( 1620 . 0,315 . 2,05 ) . 8,9 . 10
-3
= 28,4 Kg
* Trng lng my bin p:
G
ba
= G
T
+ G
g2
+ G
g3
+ G
d1
+ G
d2

= 52,7 + 20,7 + 26,7 + 41,3 + 28,4
= 169,8 Kg 170 Kg.
II.3. Tnh ton ngn mch:
II.3.a) Tn hao ngn mch :
*Tn hao ng trong dy cun s cp :
P
Cu1
= 2,4 . J
1
2
. G
d1

= 2,4 . 2,5
2
. 41,3 = 620 W.
Trong :
J
1
= 2,5 A/mm
2
Mt dng in.
G
d1
= 41,3 Kg Trng lng dy s cp .
*Tn hao ng trong dy cun th cp :


-32-

P
Cu2
= 2,4 . J
2
2
. G
d2

= 2,4 . 2,5
2
. 28,4 = 426 W.
*Tng tn hao ng :
P
Cu1
= P
Cu1
+ P
Cu2
= 620 + 426 = 1046 (W).
*Cc tn hao ph :
Theo cng thc kinh nghim:
P
t
= 10.K .S = 10 . 0,01 . 35 =3,5 (W).
Trong :
+K=0,01 h s kinh nghim .
+S=35 KVA.
*Tn hao ngn mch ca my bin p :
P
n
= P
Cu1
. K
f1
+ P
Cu2
. K
f2
+ P
t

= 620 . 1,05 + 426 . 1,05 + 3,5
= 1101,8 (w).
Trong : K
f1
= K
f2
= 1,05 l cc h s. Thng ly t 1,01 n 1,05.
II.3. b.) in p ngn mch :
*Thnh phn ngn mch tc dng :
U
nr
=
S . 10
n
% =
35 . 10
8 , 1101
% = 3,15%.
*Thnh phn ngn mch phn khng :
U
nx
=
2
3
10 . . . . . . 9 , 7
V
R R t
U
K a S f

%
Trong :


-33-

+S
t
:Dung lng trn mt tr. S
t
= S
ba
= 35/3 (KVA).
+K
R
: H s Ragowski : K
R
= 0,93 0,98 .
Ta chn K
R
= 0,95.
+ = 1,35.
+a
R
: Chiu rng qui i t trng tn :
a
R
= a
12
+
3
2 1 d d
B B +
=10 +
3
5 , 17 1 , 15 +
= 20,8(mm)
Thay s : =2,08(cm).
U
nx
=
3
2
10 . 95 , 0 .
4 , 2
08 , 2 . 35 , 1 ). 3 / 35 .( 50 . 9 , 7

= 2,13%
*in p ngn mch ton phn :
U
n
% = 8 , 3 13 , 2 15 , 3
2 2 2 2
= + = +
nx nr
U U %.
III. tnh chn van v cc thit b bo v :
III.1. Tnh chn van :
Vic tnh chn van ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc thng s c bn ca mch
lc v cc iu kin lm mt van v iu kin lm mt van c vai tr quyt nh
n hiu sut s dng van:
+Lm mt t nhin bng khng kh : Hiu sut : H = 25%.
+Dng cnh tn nhit c qut mt vi tc gi 16 (m/s): H = 35%.
+Cho du bin th chy qua cnh tn nhit : H = 95%.
y ta chn phng thc lm mt th hai vi : H = 35 %


-34-

*in p ngc ln nht m tiristor phi chu :
U
ngmax
= 6 . U
2
= 6 . 39 = 95,5(V).
*in p ngc ca van cn chn l:
U
ngv
= K
dtu
. U
ngmax
= 1,4 . 95,5 = 133(V).
Trong : K
dtu
=1,4 l h s d tr in p .
*Dng in lm vic ca van:
I
lv
=
3
400
3
=
d
I
=133,7 (A).
*Dng in nh mc ca van cn chn :
I
mv
= =
H
K I
dtI lv
.
35
100 . 7 , 133 . 4 , 1
=534 (A).
Trong : K
dtI
=1,4 h s d tr dng.
Chn loi tiristor m hiu : - 630 - 3 do lin x sn xut c cc thng s
sau:
*in p ngc cc i : U
ngmax
= 300 V.
*Dng in nh mc : I
mv
= 630 A.
*Dng in xung iu khin : I
g
= 0,4 A.
*in p xung iu khin : U
g
= 8V.
*Thi gian kha : t
off
= 120s
*Tc bin thin in in p : du/dt = 100 v/s
*Tc bin thin dng in : di/dt = 50 A/s
*St p trn van : U
T
= 1 v.
Chn loi iot m hiu : B - 600 - 30.c cc thng s:


-35-

*in p ngc cc i : U
ngmax
= 300 V.
*Dng in cc i : I
max
= 600 A.
*St p trn iot : U
D
= 1 V.
Chn in tr v aptmat:
y: * R
Sh
ta dng loi sunt : 500A 75 mV .
* AT chn loi : AT - 50 A . c: U = 600 V ; I
max
= 50 A.
III.2. Ba v van
Cc van bn dn rt nhy cm vi in p qu ln so vi in p nh mc
ta gi l qu din p .
C hai nguyn nhn gy nn s qu din p :
*Nguyn nhn bn ngoi : Do s thay i t ngt mch in cm vi cc
nguyn nhn ngu nhin mh : Ct khng ti vi mt my bin p trn ng
dy, Khi c sm st ...
*Nguyn nhn bn trong : Do s tch t in tch trong cc lp bn dn khi
ta kha Tiristor bng in p ngc. Cc in tch ny i ngc hnh trnh to
ra dng in ngc trong khong thi gian rt ngn

(C hnh)


-36-

S thay i ny lm gia ant v catt ca van xut hin qu in p :
bo v van khi qu in p ta dng mch RC u song song vi van.
S mch bo v van khi qu in p :

Mch ny nhm bo v qu in p do tch in khi chuyn mch t trng
thi m sang trng thi kha gy nn : U
qa
=L.(di/dt). Do ti ca ta c tnh cht
in cm nn khi c RC mc song song vi cc van dn to ra mch vng phng
in tch qu trong qu trnh chuyn mch van nn cac Tiristor khng b qu
in p .
xc nh gi tr R,C ta tri qua cc bc ;
*Bc 1: Xc nh h s qu in p : k =
im
imp
U b
U
.

Trong : k l h s qu in p
U
imp
Gi tr cc i ca in p ngc t ln vai (U
imp
ca tng
loi van c tra trong s tay tra cu).
U
im
Gi tr cc ca in p ngc thc t t ln van
b h s d tr in p : b =12
*Bc 2: Xc nh cc thng s trung gian:
C
*
min
(k) ; R
*
max
(k) ; R
*
min
(k) ;
(s dng ton hnh )
*Bc 3: Tnh:
dt
di

max
khi chuyn mch.
*Bc 4: Xc nh in lng tch t:
Q = f.(di/ dt) .


-37-

(c th s dng cc ng cong trong s tay tra cu)
*Bc 5: Tnh cc thng s trung gian :
C = C
*
min
.
im
U
Q 2

R
*
min
Q
U L
im
2
.
R R
*
min
Q
U L
im
2
.
;
trong L l in cm ca mch R_L_C.


-38-

iv. tnh ton cun khng in
Trong qu trnh hn dng in hn s tng t ngt t gi tr I=0 n gi tr
I
h
c th lm h hng cc thit b c trong mch . khc phc iu ta dng
cun khng in mc ni tip vi mch hn ch tc tng dng.Khi dng
hn tng nhanh th trong cun khng xut hin mt sut in dng t cm c
chiu chng li s bin thin ca dng in nn lm gim tc tng dng .
C th s dng cun khng c li thp hoc khng c li thp. y ta s
thit k cun khng c li st.
Cc thng s :
*St p trn cun khng :
U
ck
= 10% . U
d
= 0,1 . 70 = 7 V.
*Dng in qua cun khng :
I
ck
= I
d
= 400 A.
*Cng sut khng in :
S
ck
= U
ck
. I
ck
= 7 . 400 =2800 (VA) = 2,8 KVA.
*t cu mch t ca cun khng nh sau :


-39-

Dy qun c qun trn tr T gia :
C cc thng s :
*Din tch tr :
Q
ck
= (4 6)
f m
S
ck
.
=(4 6)
50 . 1
2800
=(30 40) cm
2
.
Chn tit din ca tr :Q=45 cm
2
.
H s in y : k = 0,95.
*Tit din hnh hc ca tr l:
Q
hh
= Q
ck
: k = 45 : 0,95 = 47,4 cm
2
.
kch thc tr : 6(cm) x 8(cm).
Chn mt t cm ca tr : B
T
= 0,7 tesla.
*in p trn mt vng dy cun khng :
U
vck
= 4,44 . B
T
. Q
ck
.f . 10
-4
(v).
= 4,44 . 0,7 . 45 . 50 . 10
-4

= 0,7 V.
*S vng dy cun khng :
W
ck
= U
ck
: U
vck
= 7:0,7 = 10vng.
*Mt dng in qua cun khng : J = 2,5 A/mm
2

*Tit din dy cun :
S
dck
= I
ck
: J = 400 : 2,5 = 160 mm
2
.
Chn dy qun cun khng bng ng kch thc : (4 x 18,5) x2 [cm].
k c cch in : (4,5 x 19) x 2 [cm]
s b chn kch thc ca cun khng nh sau :
*Chiu cao tr :h
ck
= 10,5cm.


-40-

Dy qun cun khng chia thnh hai lp , mi lp c 5 vng dy.
* rng ca s: c = 4 (cm).
*Chiu di cun khng:
L= 2.c + 2.a/2 + a.
=2.4 + 2.6/3 + 6 = 20 cm.

*Xc nh khe h khng kh :
4
'
10 . . 8 , 0
. .
T
ck ck
B
K I W
= =
4
10 . 7 , 0 . 8 , 0
1 , 1 . 400 . 10
=0,7 cm = 7mm.
trong h s K =1,1 1,2 xt n t thng r khe h khng kh .
(Ta chn K = 1,1)


-41-

Chng III:
tnh ton thit k iu khin
Trn y chng ta mi thit k mch lc cho my hn h quang mt chiu
dng b chnh lu . iu khin c dng in ca mch lc ta phi i xy
dng mch iu khin tc l phi i xy dng mch iu khin gc m ca
cc Tiristor trong mch lc. Trong chng ny ta s nghin cu cu trc ca
mt mch iu khin v thit k mch iu khin cho s mch lc thit k
trong chng II .
i. yu cu i vi mch iu khin :
Thit k mch iu khin l mt khu rt quan trng khi thit k b chnh lu
Tiristor . N ng vai tr ch yu qyt nh n cht lng v tin cy b bin
i .
Mt mch iu khin c cc yu cu c bn sau :
1, m bo pht xung vi cc yu cu m van :
* bin U
r
: thng xung iu khin c bin t 2 10 V.
* rng xung t
x
: (t
x
= 200 s.).
*Sn xung ngn : t
s
= 0,5 1 s.
Dng xung iu khin:


-42-

2, m bo tnh i xng i vi cc knh iu khin :
i vi cc b bin i nhiu pha, nhiu van i xng xung iu khin
ga cc knh s quyt nh cht lng ca h. lch cho php cc knh
khc nhau phi trong phm vi t 1
o
3
o
ng vi cng mt gi tr in p iu
khin .
lch pha ca tn hiu iu khin i vi s chnh lu :

3, m bo cch li gia mch iu khin v mch lc .
C th dng bin p xung cch li gia mch lc v mch iu khin :
in p chu ng gia s cp v th cp phi t c 1500 V 2000 V khi
lm vic vi in p li 3 x 380 V.
s bin p xung :


-43-

4, m bo ng qui lut thay i v pha ca xung iu khin :
y l yu cu m bo phm vi iu chnh ca gc iu khin . Thng
thng mch iu khin phi m bo thay i c gc t 10
o
170
o
.
Gii hn gc iu khin :

Gii hn gc iu khin :

5, C th hn ch c phm vi iu chnh gc khng ph thuc vo s thay
i ca in p li .
6, Khng gy nhiu i vi cc h thng iu khin in t khc xung quanh .
7, C kh nng bo v qu p, qa dng, mt pha ,... v bo hiu khi c s c
.Khi h thng phi nhanh chng dng pht xung iu khin .
8, t yu cu v tin cy khi lm vic trong mi iu kin nh : Nhit
thay i , ngun nhiu tng ...
9, Yu cu v lp rp vn hnh :
+Thit b d thay th, lp rp v iu chnh .
+Vn hnh n gin v thun tin.
+Cc khi c kh nng lm vic c lp .
II.s khi mch iu khin :


-44-

Qua nghin cu tm hiu v cc yu cu i vi mch iu khin s chnh
lu dng Tiristor ta c th xy dng s mch iu khin nh sau :

Trong :
+U
c
: L in p iu khin
+U
r
: L in p ng b n cng pha vi in p U
AK
ca Tiristor .
Cc khu c trong s :
+Khu 1: Khu so snh :
-Nguyn tc lm vic ging mt trig.
-u vo l hiu in p : (U
c
- U
r
).
-u ra l dng sin ch nht
+Khu 2: Khu a hi mt trng thi n nh .
+Khu 3: Khu khuch i xung.
+Khu 4: Khu bin p xung .
Cc Khu trong s c quan h tip ni vi nhau (u vo ca khu ny l
u ra ca khu kia ) do ch cn tc dng vo U
c
ta c th iu khin c v
tr xung iu khin tc l iu khin c gc m ca Tiristor .
III. gii thiu mt s phn t iu khin :
Di y xin gii thiu mt s phn t iu khin thng gp trong mch
iu khin
1. Khuch i thut ton :
y l phn t c bn thng c dng rng ri mch iu khin vi chc
nng x l cc tn hiu tng t :
K hiu v s tng ng ca KTT:


-45-

Cc thng s c bn :
Cc thng s K hiu Gi tr l tng Gi tr thc t
Tng tr u vo R
i
V cng ln 10
5
10
7

Tng tr u ra R
o
Gn bng khng 100 250
H s K h mch K
o
V cng ln 10
5
10
6

Cc s ng dng ca khuch i thut ton :
a> Mch khuch i o :
*S nguyn l:
*Cc thng s:
I
1
= U
i
/R
1
.
I
2
= -U
o
/R
2
.
U
o
= -(R
2
/R
1
).U
i
. (in p ra ).
K = R
2
/R
1
. (H s khuch i ).
b> Mch so snh :
*So snh mt cng :
s nguyn l :

Nguyn tc hot ng :
U
i
(-)
> U
i
(+)
=0 v Th: U
3
= -U
n

U
i
(-)
< U
i
(+)
=0 v Th: U
3
= +U
n

*So snh hai cng :
s nguyn l :

Nguyn tc hot ng :


-46-

U
1
> U
2
=0 v Th: U
3
= -U
n

U
1
< U
2
=0 v Th: U
3
= +U
n

Nhn xt :
Mch so snh mt cng dng so snh cc tn hiu khc du.
Mch so snh hai cng dng so snh cc tn hiu cng du.
c> Mch to tn hiu rng ca :
s nguyn l:

IV. cc nguyn tc iu khin:
Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng hai nguyn tc iu khin : Thng ng
tuyn tnh v thng ng arccos thc hin vic iu chnh v tr xung trong
na chu k dng ca in p t trn thyristor.
IV. 1 >Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh.
y l phng php to gc m thay i bng cch dch chuyn in p
iu khin theo phng thng ng so vi in p rng ca :

thc hin nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai loi in p:
- in p ng b U
r
: C dng rng ca ng b vi in p t trn Anot
v Catot ca Tiristor .


-47-

- in p iu khin U
c
: L in p mt chiu c th iu chnh c bin
.
Tng i s (U
c
+ U
r
) c a vo u vo ca mt khu so snh, ti thi
im U
c
+ U
r
=0 th pht xung iu khin m Tiristor . Tiristor s m t
n thi im dng in bng khng .
Quan st trn s ta thy : Bng cch bin i in p iu khin u
c
ngi
ta c th iu chnh c thi im xut hin xung ra tc l iu chnh c
gc .
Ta c : Quan h gia U
c
vi gc :
max r
C
U
U
=
Thng ly: U
cmax
= U
rmax
.

IV. 2 > Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos:

thc hin theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta cng dng hai in p:
- in p ng b U
r
vt trc in p anot va catot ca Tiristor mt gc
bng 90
0
( nu U
AK
= Asin t th U
r
=B cos t).
- in p iu khin U
c
l in p mt chiu c th iu chnh c bin
theo hai hng ( dng v m ).
Tng i s (U
r
+U
c
)c a n u vo ca khu so snh.
Quan st trn hnh v ta thy :


-48-

+Khi u
r
+u
c
= 0 ta nhn c mt xung u ra ca khu so snh:
U
C
+ B. cos = 0 suy ra : = arcos(
B
U
C
)
Nh vy: u
c
bin thin t - U
cmax
n U
cmax
th bin thin t 0
0
180
0
.
Nhn xt:
Nguyn tc iu khin arcos t cht lng tt hn chnh xc hn v thng
c s dng trong cc thit b i hi cht lng cao .
V. thit k mch iu khin :
Qua qu trnh phn tch, tm hiu v tnh chn mch lc cng vi qu trnh
phn tch mch iu khin bn trn ta xy dng c s mch iu
khin nh sau .
V.1.S nguyn l : (xem hnh v trang bn.)
V.2.Gii thch nguyn l lm vic:
+S iu khin da theo nguyn tc thng ng tuyn tnh. Mch iu
khin bao gm ba knh ging nhau nn ch xt mt knh.
Thuyt minh :
+in p ngun cng pha vi in p ca Tiristor qua BAF qua hai it
1
,
2

ti A ta nhn c in p dng u
A
nhp nh na hnh sin dng;u
A
qua R
1
a
ti cng khng o ca khuch i thut ton OA1 .
+in p U
1
c to bi phn p VR
2
+ R
2
vi ngun nui c lp (+12V)
U
1
c t vo cng o ca OA1 : U
1
v u
A
so snh vi nhau :

*Nu: u
A
> U
1
Th: U
B
= +U
n
.
*Nu: u
A
< U
1
Th: U
B
= -U
n
.
Kt qu ti B ta nhn c chui xung dng sin hnh ch nht U
B
:
+Khi U
B
mang du - th t C
1
np theo chiu:
(+U
rc
) C
1
R
4

3
OA
1
v t . ng vi thi gian t
n
.
+Khi U
B
mang du + th t C
1
np ngc theo chiu:


-49-

(+E
n
) R
3
VR
1
C
1
OA
2
v t in p t gim dn v 0
ng vi thi gian t
f
.
Kt qu u ra ca OA
2
c in p rng ca U
rc
: c chu k T
2
=t
n
+t
f
.
+in p phn hi ly trn R
Sh
c gi tr 75mV. c khuch i khng o qua
OA
4
c hi tip dng nh R
ht
.Cho in p dng ti u ra ca OA
4
.
in p ny so snh vi in p t U
2
c to bi ngun -E, R
10
, VR
3
. Kt
qu cho in p m t vo cng o ca OA
5
tch phn thnh U
k
t vo cng
khng o OA
3
. U
rc
so snh vi U
k
qua OA
3
cho ta chui xung sin hnh ch
nht U
c
m s v t, dng t vo mt cng ca ca phn t lgic AND.B
pht xung chm 555 to in p U
FX
>0 t vo 1 cng ca AND .in p ra U
D

ca khu lgic AND ch c khi U
rc
v U
c
ng thi dng . U
D
c khuch i
nh T
1
v T
2
qua BAX bn th cp c xung chm iu kin m Tiristor
cp vo cc G ca n .
Tiristor s m khi c xung iu khin cp vo cc G ca n v in p bn
Ant ca Tiristor l phi dng nht so vi 2 Tiristor cn li.
vi. tnh ton cc phn t trong mch iu khin :
1.) Khu ng pha ng b:
S nguyn l :

D1
R2 VR2
U1~
0A1
BAP
D2
R1
+12
A
Ud1

+in p ngun (u
1
) cng pha vi in p ca Tiristor qua BAF qua hai it
1
,
2
ti A ta nhn c in p dng u
A
nhp nh na hnh sin dng; u
A
qua
R
1
a ti cng khng o ca khuch i thut ton OA1 .


-50-

+in p U
1
c to bi phn p VR
2
+ R
2
vi ngun nui c lp (+12V)
U
1
c t vo cng o ca OA1 : U
1
v u
A
so snh vi nhau :

*Nu: u
A
> U
1
Th: U
B
= +U
n
.
*Nu: u
A
< U
1
Th: U
B
= -U
n
.
Kt qu ti B ta nhn c chui xung dng sin hnh ch nht U
B
lch pha (t
1
)
so vi (u
1
) :
Chn gc thot v duy tr nng lng ng : =5
0
.
in p ng pha : 12 - 0 - 12.

*Tnh U
1
:
Ti thi im t
1
: U
1
= U
max
.sin5
o
= 12 . 0,087 = 1 (V).
*Tnh VR
2
v R
2
:
Ta c :
I=
2
1
2 2
R
U
R R
E
d
VR
=
+

E
U
R R
R
d
VR
1
2 2
2
=
+
=
12
1

Phi chn VR
2
+ R
2
sao cho I < 1 mA.
Hay : VR
2
+ R
2
12/1.10
-3
=12K.
Ta chn : VR
2
+ R
2
= 12K.
th :R
2
= (1.12) : 12 = 1K
R
VR2
=12 - R
2
= 12 1 =11K
Cui cng ta chn : R
2
=1k ,VR
2
loi 15 k.
R
1
= 1K

1
v
2
l it thng dng loi 1010 c: in p ngc U
ngmax
=200V.
Dng in :I
max
= 200A
Khuch i thut ton : OA chn loi A741 :


-51-

2, Khu to in p rng ca :
S nguyn l :

*Chu k ngun xoay chiu :
T
1
= ms s
f
20 ) ( 02 , 0
50
1 1
= = =
*Chu k ca xung rng ca: T
2 ms
T
10
2
1
= = .

T
2
=t
n
+t
f
: ng vi 180
o
.

t
n
: ng vi 10
0

t
f
: ng vi gc 180
0
10
0
=170
0
.
Vy: t
n
=10. ms 6 , 0
180
10
= .


-52-

t
f
=10 0,6 =9,4ms.
* Chn
z
c ngng: U
Z
=9 v
chn loi
Z
c : U
= 9,1 V; I
=
+Khi U
B
mang du - th t C
1
np theo chiu:
(+U
rc
) C
1
R
4

3
OA
1
v t . ng vi thi gian t
n
.
Ta phi chn R
4
sao cho dng in qua t C
1
trong khong t
n
= 0,6 ms. phi t
n gi tr U
C1
= 9 V.
Ta c : U
C1
= (I
n
/C
1
).t
n
.
suy ra : (I
n
/C
1
) = U
C1
/t
n
= 9/0,6.10
-3
= 15.10
3
.
nn : I
n
= (15.10
3
).C
1

Chn t : C
1
=1F.
Ta c : I
n
= 15.10
3
.1.10
-6
=15.10
-3
.
R
4
= U
n
/I
n
= 12/15.10
3
= 800
Chn R
4
= 1K
+Khi U
B
mang du + th t C
1
np ngc theo chiu:
(+E
n
) R
3
VR
1
C
1
OA
2
v t in p t gim dn v 0
3

kho vy ta phi chn R
3
+VR
1
sao cho trong t
f
= 9,4ms.t C
1
phi phng in
ht v n gi tr khng 0.
Ta c : U
cf
= U
co
- (I
f
/ C
1
).t
f

vi: U
CO
= U
Z
= 9 V.
Vy : 0 = 9 (I
f
/ C
1
).t
f

I
f
= mA
t
C
f
96 , 0
10 . 4 , 9
10 . 1 . 9 . 9
3
6
1
= =

.
R
3
+ VR
1
= = =

K
I
E
f
5 , 12
10 . 96 , 0
12
3
.
Ta chn R
3
= 1 K .
VR
3
= 15 K .


-53-

3
chn ging
1
;
2
.
R
5
= 1K .
OA
2
:loi A741.
3, Khu so snh :
* S nguyn l:
Nhim v so snh in p U
k
v U
rc
vi nhau cho in p ra l sin hnh ch
nht :

*Nu: u
k
< U
rc
Th: U
C
= -U
n
.
*Nu: u
k
> U
rc
Th: U
C
= +U
n
.
Cc in tr hn ch : R
6
,R
12
tho:
R
6
= R
12
>
3
max
10 . 1

RC
U
=9:10
-3
k .
Ta chn R
6
= R
12
=10 k.
OA
3
loi A741 nh trn.
4, Khu lgic:
* S nguyn l:
+Khu ny cn c gi l khu trn xung trn in p U
C
vi U
FX
c tn s
8KHz thnh xung U
D
. khi U
C
v U
FX
cng ng thi dng th U
D
c mt xung
in p .
Ta chn phn t AND loi 4081 sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS. C :
V
dd
= +3 15 V .
k hiu :
S cu trc chn ca 4081:
Cc thng s :
+Ngun nui : +12 V .
+in p ng vi mc lgic 1 u ra : +E U
ra
2,4 V
+in p ng vi mc lgic 1 u ra : +E U
vo
2 V
+ in p ng vi mc lgic 0 u ra : 0,4 V U
ra
0 V


-54-

+in p ng vi mc l 0 u ra : 0,8 V U
vo
.
Chn in tr hn ch: R
13
= R
14
= 10 K .
5,Khu khuch i xung v bin p xung :
* S nguyn l :
5.a>Tnh bin p xung :
Bin p xung s dng trong mch vi mc ch :
+To ra xung c bin ph hp vi yu cu .
+Cch li v in gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc .
+Phn b xung trong cc knh iu khin.
y bin p xung c thit k c mt cun s cp mt cun th cp :
T s BAX thng l : k
x
= 1 1,2. Ta chn k
x
=1,2.
Ta chn van c : U
G
= 8 V, I
G
= 0,4 V.T suy ra :
+in p th cp bin p xung : U
2X
= U
G
=8 V.
+in p s cp bin p xung : U
1x
= k
x
. U
2X
=1,2 .8 = 9,6 V.
+Dng th cp bin p xung : I
2
= I
X
= 0,4 A.
+Dng s cp bin p xung : I
1
= I
2
/ k
x
= 0,4 : 1,2 = 0,33 A.
Chn vt liu lm li bin p xung l st Ferit HM . C li thp dng hnh
xuyn lm vic trn mt phn ca c tnh t ho c :
B = 0,45 tesla ,
A
= 6000 A/m.
Tit din li thp : S = 1cm
2
=10
-4
m
2
.
Chiu di xung qua bin p xung : t
x
= 10 600s
ta chn t
x
= 200 s
Tn s xung chm bng 8 KHz .
Ta c :
*S vng s cp : W
1
= (u
1
.t
x
) : (B.S).
=
4
6
10 . 45 , 0
10 . 200 . 6 , 9
= 43 vng .
*S vng th cp : W
2
= (W
1
: Kx) =36 vng .


-55-

*Gi tr trung bnh dng s cp :I
tbsc
= (I
1
.t
x
) : T
x
.
Trong : T
x
= 1/f
x
= 1/ 8.10
3
= 0,125.10
-3
s.
I
tbsc
=
3
6
10 . 125 , 0
10 . 200 . 33 , 0
=0,53 A.
*Gi tr trung bnh dng th cp I
tbtc
= I
1
. k
x
=0,53 . 1,2 = 0,64 A.
Chn J = 2A/mm
2
.
*Tit din dy s cp :S
sc
= 27 , 0
2
53 , 0
J
= =
tbsc
I
mm
2
.
*ng knh dy s cp d
sc
=
1
. 4 S
=
27 , 0 . 4
=0,6mm.
* Tit din dy th cp :S
tc
= 32 , 0
2
64 , 0
J
= =
tbtc
I
mm
2
.
*ng knh dy th cp d
tc
=
2
. 4 S
=
32 , 0 . 4
=0,7mm.
5,b> Tnh khuch i xung :
Ta bit :
*Dng in s cp bin p xung : I
1x
= 330mA
*in p s cp bin p xung : U
1x
= 8V
Theo s ta c th Tiristor
+ Chn T
2
loi KY611c cc thng s chun :
U
CE
=38V.; I
CE
=3A; =100.
Thc t : I
CE
(T
2
)= I
sc
= 330mA.

T2
=10.
I
B(T2)
= mA
I
T
T EC
33
10
330
2
) 2 (
= =

m: I
B
(T
2
) = I
CE
(T
1
)
Chn T
1
loi C828 c cc thng s chun :
U
CE
=30V. I
CE
=100mA. 100 = .


-56-

Ta c :
I
B(T1)
=
) 1 (T EC
I
vi 10 =
I
B(T1)
= mA 3 , 3
10
33
= .
Tnh chn R
17
:
R
17
= =
6 , 43
33 , 0
6 , 9 24
1
1 2
I
U E
.
Chn R
17
l in tr cng sut c gi tr : 50
*Tnh chn R
16
:chn U
B
(T
2
) =0,7V.
R
16
=0,7 : 0,033 = 21,2
Ta chn R
16
=50
*Tnh chn R
15
:
I
B(T1)
= mA
I
T
T EC
3 , 3
10
33
1
) 1 (
= =

R
15
= U
D
: I
B
(T
1
) = 12 : (3,3.10
-3
)=3,6 .10
3

Ta chn R
15
= 3,3 K.
Chn cc it 4 ,5 ,6 l loi it thng dng:1010.
6. Khu pht xung chm :
khu pht xung chm trong mch iu khin dng vi mch 555 c 8
chn :
chn 1- ni vi m ngun nui
chn 2- kch lt, khi v
2
=
3
. 2 E
th v
3
=0
chn 3- =cng ra v
3 min
=0,1V,u
3max
=E-0,5v.
I
3max
=0,2A.
Chn 4- -


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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni n Tt Nghip

SVTH: Nguyn Thin Huy TH1_K46

Cos U tdt Sin U

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