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Frequently Asked Mechanical Engineering Interview Questions and Answers

1) What is the importance o the !hermodynamics in the ield o Mechanical Engineering"
All the mechanical engineering systems are studied with the help o thermodynamics# $ence
it is very important or the mechanical engineers#


%) $ow many &aws o !hermodynamics are there"
!here are three laws o the thermodynamics#
First &aw' Energy can (e neither created nor destroyed# It can only change orms#In any
process in an isolated system) the total energy remains the same#
*econd &aw' When two isolated systems in separate (ut near(y regions o space) each in
thermodynamic equili(rium in itsel) (ut not in equili(rium with each other at irst) are at
some time allowed to interact) (reaking the isolation that separates the two systems) and they
e+change matter or energy) they will eventually reach a mutual thermodynamic equili(rium#
!he sum o the entropies o the initial) isolated systems is less than or equal to the entropy o
the inal e+changing systems# In the process o reaching a new thermodynamic equili(rium)
entropy has increased) or at least has not decreased#
!hird &aw' As temperature approaches a(solute ,ero) the entropy o a system approaches a
minimum#


-) *tate &aws o conservation o energy"
According to the laws o conservation o energy) .energy can neither (e created nor (e
destroyed# It can only (e transormed rom one orm to another#/


0) Is the (oiler a closed system"
1es deinitely the (oiler is a closed system#



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2) What is 3arnot engine"
It was (eing designed (y 3arnot and let me tell you that 3arnot engine is an imaginary engine
which ollows the 3arnot cycle and provides 1445 eiciency#

6) Which ormula orms a link (etween the !hermodynamics and Electro chemistry"
7i((s $elmholt, ormula is the ormula which orms the link (etween the thermodynamics
and electromagnetism#
8$s9: ; <= lnp 9= >19!)?+
where' + @ mole raction o 3A% in the liquid phase
p @ 3A% partial pressure >kBa)
! @ temperature >C)
: @ universal gas constant
D @ mole ratio in the liquid phase >mole 3A% per mole o amine)


E) Which is the hardest compound known"
Fiamond#


G) What is $ess &aw"
According to the $ess law the energy transer is simply independent o the path (eing
ollowed# I the reactant and the product o the whole process are the same then same amount
o energy will (e dissipated or a(sor(ed#
H# Which has more eiciency' Fiesel engine or Betrol engines"
A course Fiesel engine has the (etter eiciency out o two#

H) What is the dierence (etween 3ritical *peed and Whirling *peed"
In *olid mechanics) in the ield o rotor dynamics) the critical speed is the theoretical angular
velocity which e+cites the natural requency o a rotating o(Iect) such as a shat) propeller or
gear# As the speed o rotation approaches the o(Iects natural requency) the o(Iect (egins to
resonate which dramatically increases system vi(ration# !he resulting resonance occurs
regardless o orientation#Whirling *peed is due to the un(alanced orces acting on a rotating
shat#

14) $ow a Fiesel Engine Works as 7enerator"
Fiesel engine is a prime mover) or a generator) pump)and or vehicles etc# generator is
connected to engine (y shat# mostly in thermal power plat )there is an engine is used to drive
generator to generate power#

11) E+plain *econd &aw o !hermodynamics"
!he entropy o the universe increases over time and moves towards a ma+imum value#

1%) 3ompare Jrayton 3ycle and Atto 3ycle"
!he heat addition and reIection processes in Atto cycle are o constant volume) whereas in
Jrayton cycle) they are o constant pressure#

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KAtto cycle is the ideal cycle or spark ignition engines#
KJrayton cycle is the ideal cycle or gas power tur(ines#

1-) What is the purpose o *crapper :ing"
*crap the e+cess lu(e oil rom the cylinder walls# there (y preventing oil rom entering
com(ustion ,one#

10) What is F!*I !echnology"
F!*I stands or Figital !win *park Blug Ignition# !he vehicles with F!*I !echnology use %
spark plugs which are controlled (y digital circuit# It results in eicient com(ustion o air uel
mi+ture#
Digital K *ince the spark generation will (e initiated (y a microchip#
Twin - *ince two spark plugs will (e used#
Spark ignition K *ince the ignition will (e done via a spark#

12) $ow to Find) FuctileKJrittle !ransition !emperature in Metals"
!he point at which the racture energy passes (elow a preKdetermined point or a standard
Impact tests# FJ!! is important since) once a material is cooled (elow the FJ!!) it has a
much greater tendency to shatter on impact instead o (ending or deorming#

16) What is the importance o !hermodynamics"
All the mechanical engineering systems are studied with the help o thermodynamics# $ence
it is very important or the mechanical engineers#

1E) What is the dierence (etween B11 and B1% Bipes"
B11 the chromium moly(denum composition that is 15 ochromium and 1905 o
moly(denum
B1% the chromium moly(denum composition that is 15 ochromium and %5 o moly(denum

1G) *tate dierence (etween AnitiFriction Jearing and Lournal Jearing"
7enerally) Iournal (earings have higher riction orce) consume higher energy and release
more heat) (ut they have larger contact surace) so normally used in low speed high load
applications# In anti riction (earings riction is less# Ane o(Iect Iust rolls over each other#


1H) What is the dierence (etween !echnology and Engineering"
Engineering is application o science# !echnology shows various methods o Engineering# A
(ridge can (e made (y using (eams to (ear the load)(y an arc or (y hanging in a ca(leM all
shows dierent technology (ut comes under civil engineering and science applied is laws o
orce9load distri(ution#

%4) $ow to Measure !emperature in Wet Jul( !hermometer"

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Wet (ul( temperature is measured in a wet (ul( thermometer (y covering the (ul( with a
wick and wetting it with water# It corresponds to the dew point temperature and relative
humidity#

%1) What are the Advantages and Fisadvantages o using &B7 in 3ar"
Advantages
1# 3omplete com(ustion
%# Fuel saving
-# $omogenous com(ustion
Fisadvantages
1# As complete com(ustion is occurring )more heat li(erated)not advised or long Iourney)
engine will (e over heated
%# Installation is diicult
-# :educe engine lie eiciency

%%) What is the dierence (etween *peed and Economic *peed"
!he rated speed tells us a(out the ma+imum speed which can (e achieved (y a vehicle or
some other machine (ut the economical speed means the speed limit at which the machine
works eiciently with least consumption o uel#egKin normal (ikes>not racing))the
ma+#speed limit shown on speedometer is upto 1%4 kmph (ut companies always advice their
customers to drive such (ikes at around 64 kmph to have ma+imum mileage#

%-) What is Bowder !echnology"
Bowder technology is one o the ways o making (earing material# In this method metals like
(ron,e) Al) Fe are mi+ed and compressed to make an alloy#

%0) *tate all the laws o !hermodynamics"
!here are three laws o the thermodynamics#
First &aw' Energy can (e neither created nor destroyed# It can only change orms# In any
process in an isolated system) the total energy remains the same#
*econd &aw' When two isolated systems in separate (ut near(y regions o space) each in
thermodynamic equili(rium in itsel) (ut not in equili(rium with each other at irst) are at
some time allowed to interact) (reaking the isolation that separates the two systems) and they
e+change matter or energy) they will eventually reach a mutual thermodynamic equili(rium#
!he sum o the entropies o the initial) isolated systems is less than or equal to the entropy o
the inal e+changing systems# In the process o reaching a new thermodynamic equili(rium)
entropy has increased) or at least has not decreased#
!hird &aw' As temperature approaches a(solute ,ero) the entropy o a system approaches a
minimum#

%2) *tate the dierence (etween Nnilateral and Jilateral !olerance"
A unilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted only in one direction rom
the speciied direction#e#g# 1G44 O4#4449K4#464
Jilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted in (oth direction rom the
speciied direction#e#g# 1G44 O4#4649K4#464

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%6) What is the a((reviation o welding rod E41G"
E41G ;
E4;tensile strength E4444psi
1; welding position
G;current lu+

%E) What is dierence (etween Welding and Jra,ing"
In Welding concentrated heat >high temperature) is applied at the Ioint o metal and use
together#
In Jra,ing involves signiicantly lower temperatures and does not entail the melting o (ase
metals# Instead) a iller metal is melted and orced to low into the Ioint through capillary
action#

%G) Which has more Eiciency Fiesel Engine or Betrol Engine"
Fiesel engine has the (etter eiciency out o two#


%H) What is Fierence (etween stamina and strength"
*trength is capa(ility over a short length o time and *tamina is the a(ility to keep going
continuously#

-4) What is $ydrostatic *ystem"
$ydrostatics is the study o Puid (odies that are
At rest
Moving suciently slowly so there is no relative motion (etween adIacent parts o
the (ody
For hydrostatic situations
!here are no shear stresses
!here are only pressure orces that act perpendicular to any surace#
ItQs a closed loop hydraulic systems# It comprises o motor and pump# $ere pump supplies
energy to motor and motor gives return energy to pump supply#

-1) What is 3otter Ioint"
A cotter Ioint is used to connect rigidly two coKa+ial rods or (ars which are su(Iected to a+ial
tensile or compressive orces# $ere shat is locked in place (y a smaller pin that passes
through the side o the lug and partly or completely through the shat itsel# !his locking pin
is named as cotter#

-%) $ow is the e+cess discharge pressure prevented"

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Ans# Fischarge pressure prevented (y a pressuri,ed spike cushion# $ere the system
employs a pressuri,ed cushion o air and a two oKring piston) which permanently separates
this air cushion rom the water system# When the valve closes and the water low is suddenly
stopped) the pressure spike pushes the piston up the arrester cham(er against the pressuri,ed
cushion o air# !he air cushion in the arrester reacts instantly) a(sor(ing the pressure spike
that causes water hammer#

--) What is the dierence (etween *trainer and Fitler"
*trainer or coarse si,e) Filter is more accurate than *trainer#

-0) What is the position o Biston :ing"
Ans# In 1G4 degree angle the !op ring) *econd ring and Ail ring are i+ed# Bosition the ring
appro+imately 1 inch gap (elow the neck#

-2) Why Feareator are placed at $ieght) In !hermal Bower Blant"
!o (uild a Rery high pressure and the temperature or a (oiler eed water pump and it
discharge high pressure water to the (oiler#
And to provide the required Set Bositive *uction $ead >SB*$) or the JFW pump and to
serve as a storage tank to ensure a continuous supply o eed water during rapid changes in
JFB#

-6) What is meanst (y Ane !onn AirK3onditioner"
1 ton rerigeration means %14 kL9min e+tracts heat rom thesystem#

-E) *tate 1st &aw o !hermodynamics"
$EA! ASF ME3$ASI3A& WA:C A:E MN!NA&&1 3ASRE:!AJ&E# ESE:71
3AS JE 3:EA!EF SA: JE FI*!:A1EF JN! I! 3AS JE!:AS*FE:EF F:AM ASE
FA:M !A ASA!$E: FA:M#

-G) I you heat a steel pipe with the hole at center) does heat aects the hole diameter"
It gets (igger#

-H) Why the 3entriugal Bump is called $igh Fischarge pump"
3entriugal pump is a kinetic device# !he centriugal pump uses the centriugal orce to push
out the luid# *o the liquid entering the pump receives kinetic energy rom the rotating
impeller# !he centriugal action o the impeller accelerates the liquid to a high velocity)
transerring mechanical >rotational) energy to the liquid# *o it discharges the liquid in high
rate# It is given in the ollowing ormulae'
3entriugal orce F; >MTR
%
)9:#
Where)
MKMass
RKRelocity
:K:adius

04) $ow 3avitation can (e eliminated (y Bump"

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3avitation means (u((les are orming in the liquid#
U !o avoid 3avitation) we have to increase the Bump si,e to Ane or !wo InchM
!o increase the pressure o the *uction $ead) or
U Fecrease the Bump *peed#

01) Why 3avitation will occur in 3entriugal Bump and not in Fisplacement Bump"
!he ormation o cavities >or (u((les) is induced (y low separation) or nonKuniorm low
velocities) inside a pump casing# In centriugal pumps the eye o the pump impeller is smaller
than the low area o pipe# !his decrease in low area o pump results in increase in low rate#
*o pressure drop happened (etween pump suction and the vanes o the impeller# $ere air
(u((les or cavities are ormed (ecause o liquid vapour due to increase in temperature in
impeller# !his air (u((les are transmitted to pump which orms cavitation#

0%) Which Bump is more Eicient 3entriugal Bump or :eciprocating Bump"
3entriugal pump# Jecause low rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump# Flow is
smooth and it requires less space to install# &ower initial cost and lower maintenance cost#


0-) Why 3entriugal Bump is not called as a Bositive Fisplacement !ype o Bump"
!he centriugal has varying low depending on pressure or head) whereas the Bositive
Fisplacement pump has more or less constant low regardless o pressure#
&ikewise viscosity is constant or positive displacement pump where centriugal pump have
up and down value (ecause the higher viscosity liquids ill the clearances o the pump
causing a higher volumetric eiciency# When there is a viscosity change in supply there is
also greater loss in the system# !his means change in pump low aected (y the pressure
change#
Ane more e+ample is) positive displacement pump has more or less constant eiciency)
where centriugal pump has varying eiciency rate#


00) Why Entropy decreases with increase in temperature"
ds;dQ9! Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so) as temp# Increases) entropy
decreases#

02) Why dierent types o sound are produced in dierent (ikes) though they run on *I
Engines"
Engine speciications are dierent in dierent manuactures like as Jore Fiameter >33))
Ignition timing# Also the e+haust passage takes more responsi(le or sound#

06) $ow much Watt means 1$p"
E06#% Watt


0E) E+plain Jicycle :ear Wheel *procket working"
:ear wheel sprocket works under the principle o ratchet and pawl#

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0G) Feinition o Actane Sum(er and 3etane Sum(er"
Actane So#K Actane num(er is deined as the percentage) (y volume) o iso octane in the
mi+ture o iso octane and hKheptane# It is the measure o rating o *I engine#
3etane So#K 3etane num(er is deined as the percentage) (y volume) o nKcetane in the
mi+ture o nKcetane and alpha methyl naphthalene# It is the measure o rating o 3I engine#

0H) Which Mechanism is used in Automo(ile gearing *ystem"
Fierential mechanism

24) When 3rude Ail is $eated) Which $ydro 3ar(on comes irst"
Satural gas >7asoline)V at %4 3elsius

21) $ow to calculate Jearing num(er ti Fiameter o the inner and outer"
Fivide the shat diameter si,e (y 2) it will give last two digit o the (earing no# and according
to type o load we have to choose the type o (earing and that will give prior num(er o the
(earing#

2%) !he Fatigue lie o a part can (e improved (y"
Improving the surace inish (y Bolishing W providing residual stress (y *hot peening#

2-) What happens i gasoline is used in a Fiesel Engine) *iesel Engine will work"
So) It will not work) as the 3ompression ratio o Betrol engine is 6 to 14 W that o Fiesel
engine is 12 to %%# !hus on such high compression) gasoline gets highly compressed W it may
(last#

20) Boissons :atio is $igher in) :u((er9*teel9Wood"
When a material is compressed in one direction) it usuallytends to e+pand in the other two
directions perpendicular tothe direction o compression# !his phenomenon is called
theBoisson eect# BoissonQs ratio is a measure o the Boisson eect#
For ru((er ; 4#2
For steel ; 4#%GG
For wood X 4#%
!hus BoissonQs ratio is higher in :NJJE:#

22) What happens i gasoline is used in a Fiesel engine"Fiesel engine will work "
So) It will not work)as the 3ompression ratio o Betrol engine is 6 to 14 W that o Fiesel
engine is 12 to %%# !hus on such high compression) gasoline gets highly compressed W it may
(last#

2E) Why dierent types o sound are produced in dierent (ikes though they say run on *I
engine
Engine speciications are dierent in dierent manuactures like as Jore Fiameter>33))
Ignition timing#Also the e+haust passage take more responsi(le or sound#


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2G) Why entropy decreases with the increase in temperature"
ds;dQ9!Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so#as temp# increases)entropy
decreases#

2H) 1 hp how much watt"
E06#%Watt


64) $ow to calculate (earing num(er to diameter o the inner and outer
Fivide the shat diameter si,e (y 2) it will give last two digito the (earing no# and according
to type o load we have tochose the type o (earing and that will give prior no# othe (earing#

61) E+plain Jicycle rear wheel *procket working"
:ear wheel sprocket works under the principle o ratchet and pawl#

6%) Feinition o Actane num(er W 3etane num(er
Actane So#K Actane num(er is deined as the percentage) (y volume) o iso octane in the
mi+ture o iso octane and hKheptane# It is the measure o rating o *I engine#
3etane So#K 3etane num(er is deined as the percentage) (y volume) o nKcetane in the
mi+ture o nKcetane and alpha methyl naphthalene# It is the measure o rating o 3I engine#
Boisons ratio is higher in >ru((er9steel9wood)

6-) What is important to remem(er a(out radial (earings"
A tur(ine rotor is supported (y two radial (earings) one on each end o the steam cylinder#
!hese (earings must (e accurately aligned to maintain the close clearance (etween the shat
and the shat seals) and (etween the rotor and the casing# I e+cessive (earing wear lowers the
he rotor) great harm can (e done to the tur(ine#


60) $ow many governors are needed or sae tur(ine operation" Why"
!wo independent governors are needed or sae tur(ine operation# Ane is an over speed or
emergency trip that shuts o the steam at 14 percent a(ove running speed >ma+imum speed)#
!he second) or main governor) usually controls speed at a constant rateM however) many
applications have varia(le speed control#

62) $ow is a ly (all governor used with a hydraulic control"
As the tur(ine speeds up) the weights are moved outward (y centriugal orce) causing
linkage to open a pilot valve that admits and releases oil on either side o a piston or on one
side o a springKloaded piston# !he movement o the piston controls the steam valves#


66) What is meant (y critical speed"
It is the speed at which the machine vi(rates most violently# It is due to many causes) such as
im(alance or harmonic vi(rations set up (y the entire machine# !o minimi,e damage) the

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tur(ine should (e hurried through the known critical speed as rapidly as possi(le# >3aution)
(e sure the vi(ration is caused (y critical speed and not (y some other trou(le)#

6E) $ow is oil pressure maintained when starting or stopping a mediumKsi,ed tur(ine"
An au+iliary pump is provided to maintain oil pressure# *ome au+iliary pumps are turned (y
a hand crankM others are motorKdriven# !his pump is used when the integral pump is running
too slowly to provide pressure) as when starting or securing a mediumKsi,ed tur(ine#


6G) Jesides lu(rication) what are two unctions o lu(ricating oil in some tur(ines"
In larger units) lu(e oil cools the (earings (y carrying o heat to the oil coolers# &u(e oil in
some tur(ines also acts as a hydraulic luid to operate the governor speedKcontrol system#

6H) Fo you stop coolingKwater low through a steam condenser as soon as the tur(ine is
slopped"
1ou should keep the cooling water circulating or a(out 12 mill or more so that the condenser
has a chance to cool down gradually and evenly# Je sure to have cooling water lowing
through the condenser (eore starting up in order to prevent live steam rom entering the
condenser unless it is cooled# Averheating can cause severe leaks and other headaches#

E4) $ow can the atigue damage on highKpressure (lades (e corrected"
FatigueKdamage on highKpressure (lades arises due to vi(ration induced (y partialKarc
admission# !his can (e corrected (y switching over to ull arc admission technique#