Chng 3: To v xc lp quan h gia cc bng d liu

Trnh Anh Phc, Nguyn Th Thu Hng

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B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT,
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni.
Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 1 / 10
Gii thiu
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To quan h
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Xc nh cc bng s to lp quan h gia chng
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Xc lp mi quan h gia cc bng c chn
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Xc lp ton vn tham chiu ca quan h
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Xc nh kiu kt ni ca cc quan h
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S thc th quan h - ER diagram
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Tng kt
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 2 / 10
t quan h gia cc bng
t quan h gia cc bng
Vic t v nh ngha quan h gia cc bng ca c s d liu lm cho
ngi dng d dng thc hin cc thao tc i hi kt ni d liu trong
nhiu bng. ng thi cng cho HQTCSDL bit tnh cht ca cc quan
h a ng kt qu khi lin kt gia chng.
Cc bc to quan h gia cc bng
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Xc nh cc bng s to lp quan h gia chng
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Xc lp mi quan h gia cc bng c chn
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Xc lp ton vn tham chiu ca quan h
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Xc nh kiu kt ni ca cc quan h
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S thc th quan h - ER diagram
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 3 / 10
Xc nh cc bng s to lp quan h gia chng
la chn cc bng v c cc truy vn, ta vo Tools -> Relationships
sau n biu tng , n nt Add chn bng tng ng
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 4 / 10
Xc lp mi quan h gia cc bng c chn
Ch , sau khi thit k CSDL quan h, chuyn n v dng chun The third
normal form (3NF). xc lp quan h, ta gp nhng trng c mt
ng thi c hai bng th vo bng bn kia.
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 5 / 10
Xc lp ton vn tham chiu ca quan h
Ton vn tham chiu
Mc ch l gip ngi dng kim sot c vic cp nht d liu thng
qua mi quan h gia hai bng tng ng. C 3 mc chn tt c
Enforce Referential Intergrity :

Khng xa hay cp nht gi tr bng bn mt nu bng bn nhiu

cn cha gi tr tng ng.

Khng c thm vo bng bn nhiu nhng gi tr khng xut hin

bng bn mt.
Cascade Update Related Fields : Khi cp nht mt hng bng bn
mt, cc hng tng ng bng bn nhiu cng c cp nht theo
Cascade Delete Related Records : Khi xa mt hng bng bn mt,
cc hng tng ng bng bn nhiu c xa theo.
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 6 / 10
Xc nh kiu kt ni ca cc quan h
Trong ca s Edit Relationships, ta nhn vo nt Join Type ...
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 7 / 10
Xc nh kiu kt ni ca cc quan h (tip)
Cc kiu kt ni
Ta c th chn mt trong ba kiu kt ni, kiu u kt ni trong cn hai
kiu sau l kt ni ngoi (outer join)
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Kt ni t nhin (inner join) : Ch gm cc hng trong gi tr
trng kt ni l bng nhau c hai bng.
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Kt ni ngoi (left join) : Gm tt c cc hng d liu bn mt v ch
cc bn ghi bn nhiu trong gi tr trng kt ni l bng nhau.
3
Kt ni ngoi (right join) : Gm tt c cc hng d liu bn nhiu v
ch cc bn ghi bn mt trong gi tr trng kt ni l bng nhau.
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 8 / 10
S thc th quan h - ER diagram
Sau khi thit lp ht cc quan h, ta c c s thc th quan h cho
ton b CSDL
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 9 / 10
Tng kt
Tng kt
To lp mi quan h
Rng buc d liu thng qua quan h
Xc nh tnh cht mi quan h
Xy dng c s thc th lin kt ca ton b cc bng trong
CSDL.
Trnh Anh Phc ( B mn Khoa Hc My Tnh, Vin CNTT & TT, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni. ) H qun tr CSDL Ngy 27 thng 8 nm 2013 10 / 10