CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter deals with the role of parent child relationships and their effects on child socialization. The
meanings and definition of academic achievement its significance and considerations are included in the
text to support the study. The relationship between parenting style academic performance of students is
described widely. Emphasis is given to the types of parenting style and their effects on childrens
academic performance.

2.1 The Importance of Parenting
There are some evidences that children could realistically look their parents and other adults for
guidance, because these adults the experienced guides to the vocational, social and academic roles that
the younger generation would eventually assume. According to knadal and lesser (1969, p= 213_223),
adolescents who agree with their parents are also more likely to be in agreement with their peers.
The view that parents are important to the socialization of both children and adolescents has been
generally accepted. Dusk (1987) for example asserted that parents are the primary socialization
influence and their behavior exerts continuous influence across elementary and high school years. In
fact parental functions include providing protection, food, housing, clothing and other needs for the
youngster. In addition parents determine the setting in which their sons and daughters will spend their
time. Parents have greater influence on their children social, economic and school activities (Maccoby,
1983, p=1_101).
Fantuzzo, Devis, and Ginsberg (1995, p=272-281) examine the effect of parental involvement on self-
accept and academic achievement. Their study indicates that students who are provide with acceptance,
encouragement and reinforcement for daily academic endeavors displayed higher levels of accurate
academic competencies.
Similarly, Estada et al, (1987, p=210-215) found that a positive responsive relationship between parents
and children were associated with academic persistence and exploration.


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