77

Suryakant B. Kemdarne*, Namita B. Khot** and Sunil R. Birje***

Perspective on Library Automation and Networking of Dental College
Libraries in Bangalore: Status, Problems and Prospects
This article focused on the scenario of library automation and networking of
dental college libraries in Bangalore. The survey findings mainly cover
various aspects of library automation and networking such as Library
automation, Networking facilities, information services, manpower
development and budget. The problems encountered in this process are
identified possible suggestions are stated.
Keywords: Library Automation, Networking, Dental Libraries, Internet,
Information Services, Hardware, Software.
ABSTRACT
Received on: 27.03.2012; Revised on: 03.05.2012; Accepted on : 17.06.2012
ISSN 2229-5984 (P)
2249-5576 (e)
International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
*Librarian,
Maratha Mandal N.G. Halgekar Inst.
Of Dental Sciences and Research
Belgaum (KA)
** Librarian,
Vivekanand College, Kolhapur.
*** Senior Library Assistant,
Barr. Balasaheb Khardekar Library,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur
Corresponding Author
Suryakant B. Kemdarne
suryakant_kemdarne@rediffmail.com
INTRODUCTION
The library and information centre is an important component
of any educational institution, which is hub of the teaching, and
learning activities where students, researchers and teachers
can explore the vast resources of information. In the traditional
libraries users have to send more time for searching a small
piece of information and for that have to depend mainly on the
library professional or library staff. But in the age of
information communication technology, computers are being
used for day-to-day house keeping activity of the library which
saves the time of the end users, and library professional also
and at the same time avoid duplication of work and make the
library service smooth and effective, Sinha (2008).
The University Grants Commission (UGC) established
Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) as the
national agency for coordinating the library automation
activities of colleges and universities. The computerization
activities of the dental libraries in Bangalore have been a slow
process during the last decade. But it is expected to turn into a
movement in the coming years. This article discusses the
present status of automation and networking activities with the
problems included and, of course a few suggestions, Suku &
Pillai(2005).
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major objectives of the study are:
o To find out the present status of Library Automation and
Networking in Dental College Libraries.
o To know the Budget expenditure for books, periodicals
and Library Automation and Networking for last three
years.(2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010)
o To find out the Computer Skilled Professional Staff for
Library Automation.
o To evaluate the Library Software/ Hardware adopted by
the Dental College Libraries.
o To know the Housekeeping Operations
o To know the networking facility for sharing of
information and resources used to library resources
outside the library using campus link and outside the
campus on the WEB.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
The literature reveals that there is no similar study being
conducted elsewhere, thus it is expected that this study
provides the basis for further research in this field. The
outcome of the study contributes to new knowledge in
automation and networking. The study provides a
comprehensive background and current scenario of library
automation and networking of dental college libraries in
Bangalore.
ME T HODOL OGY, S COP E AND
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This article is based on comprehensive survey carried out by
the authors for the period of December 2010 to February 2011
with specific intention to assess the present status of library
78 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
automation and networking in dental college libraries in
Bangalore. A structured questionnaire was used as the tool for
the survey. The questionnaire has been developed by
consulting a number of previous automation surveys. As there
are 13 dental college libraries in Bangalore, all are covered in
the study instead of limiting to a sample. The questionnaires
were sent to the Librarian and the response rate was 100%.
Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences Library (BIDSL), R.V.
Dental College Library (RVDCL), Dayananda Sagar College of
Dental Library (DSCDL), Shyamala Reddy Dental College
Library (SRDCL), Government Dental College Library
(GDCL), Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Library (KCDL),
M.S. Ramaiah Dental College Library (MSRDCL),
M.R.Ambedkar Dental College Library (MRADCL), Sri
Venkateshwara Dental College Library (SVDCL), Sri Rajiv
Gandhi College of Dental Library (SRGCDL), The Oxford
Dental College Library (TODCL), Vokkaligara Sanga Dental
College Library (VSDCL) and Vydehi Institute of Dental
Sciences Library (VIDSL) are taken into consideration for the
study.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A number of sources have been consulted and the content was
gone through to identify the related studies on the present topic
of research. Some of the studies relevant to the present survey
are:
Singh (1975) in "Automation in Libraries" explains concepts
use and impact of automation on libraries including data
processing equipment. It also describes the state of automation
in number of libraries and information centers in several
countries and serves as an introduction to subject of
automation and application as viewed from working of modern
library. Tedd (1977) in his document "An Introduction to
computer based library systems" provides a background the
rapidly increasing use of computers both in library
housekeeping applications and information retrieval systems.
It highlights the history of library automation and also shows
how computers can be used to produce different type of
automated indexes.
Juneja (1986) in "Networking and Libraries" describes the
development of networking in India with special emphasis on
project INDONET. It also deals with email system to be
provided on INDONET. All these efforts will lead to flexible
and reliable modern computer network offering users many
services. Parthasarathy (1986) Areas for Library Automation
traces history of record keeping and gives some salient features
of areas for automation. It also brings out the need for an
integrated information system and recommends the use of
system design approach for developing application software
and international format for data representation.
Harinarayana (1991) in his study "Concept of Library
Automation" highlights the concepts of automaton and
automation operations services in a modern library. It states
that scope of library automation involves automation of
routine works, services, office work and scientific
management of libraries.
Pandey(1999) Encyclopedia of Library Automation Systems
and Network: In this Encyclopedia the most through treatment
available on the application of computer science techniques to
information management problems. This unique work is a
completely integrated presentation of library automation
systems and networking.
Vyasamoorthy (1987) in his study entitled "Automation of
Serials Controls" shows how computer is used in serial control,
the function of serial processing system and advantages of
some software available outside India. It provides a list of
institutions, which use computers for serial control.
Saffady (1989) in his study entitled "Library Automation: an
overview" gives an overview of major facets of automation
activity and surveys the current state of computer application
in 6 areas of library work. For each area discussion briefly
indicated the motive of automation and describes current
dominant approaches citing examples of representative
products and services. Singh (2008) in his study entitled
"Library Automation in Modern Age" highlights Library
Automation is the use of automatic and semi-automatic data
processing machines to perform such traditional library
activities as acquisitions, cataloguing and circulation, etc.
Library Automation
The factors necessitating automation of dental libraries are the
following, Verma (1997).
o Explosion of knowledge resulting in numerous
specializations and flow of almost non-stop information;
o Inability of users to explore unlimited literature;
o wastage of enormous precious time in handling routine
and repetitive library operations;
o even the largest of the libraries cannot acquire and make
available the entire published materials; and
o to facilitate easy, fast, and reliable sharing of resources
between libraries, cutting across space and time.
Resource sharing library networks have been functioning
effectively in developed countries since 1930s. In India,
computerization and networking activities started with the
establishment of National information System for Science and
Technology (NISSAT) in 1979. In Bangalore, among the
dental college libraries automation started in 2003. In the
beginning, the major constraints of library automation were
absence of planning, non-availability of vendor developed
software at affordable prices, restrictions on the import of
hardware, lack of trained manpower, non-existence of
standards, and absence of co-operation, Rao (1997).
Library Networking
o Preparation of union catalogues,
o Preparation of the cataloguing data,
o Provision of bibliographies,
o Optimum utilization of rare collections,

Items
Name of the Library
1 2 3 4 5 6
BIDSL RVDCL DSCDL SRDCL GDCL KCDL
Book collection 2874 5489 2291 3832 10056 3790
Current journals subs. 22 30 33 46 54 35
Year of establishment 1991 1992 1992 1985 1958 1996
Types of Management :
Government
No No No No Yes No
Private No No No No No No
Self Financing Yes Yes Yes Yes
No
Yes
Librarian Professional
qualification

M.Lib M.Lib
M.Lib;
M.Phil
M.Lib M.Lib M.Lib
Total library area (Sq.feets) Not given 4434 6200 5636 Not given 2000
Digital library area (Sq.feets) Not given 529 600 600 Not given 500
79 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
o Cooperative exchange and distribution and storage of
documents,
o Savings - of both technical work and collections,
o Reduction in the cost of library services in the long run
o Above all, the provision of more materials at low cost and
in less time.
Networking systems have been developing fast at local, state,
national and international levels all over the world since the
1980s. Thus, libraries have to plan their acquisitions keeping in
mind the resources available in other libraries in the area, so
that they can get the maximum number of books and
publications which are not available in their vicinity. In the past
few years, considerable progress has taken place in the
planning and building of library and information networks. As
a result, four major networks - INFLIBNET, DELNET,
CALIBNET and BONET- have started functioning in libraries.
PRESENT STATUS
In the information age, success lies in the innovative
application of information technology and gaining access to
digital resources. Fortunately, although little late, majority of
the dental libraries in Bangalore has adopted state-of-the-art
information technology for making the library and information
services faster and effective. The automation of dental college
libraries has gone a long way in providing quality service and
facilitating easy access to varied information sources cutting
across space and time. Adoption of IT has not only saved the
time of scholars, it also widened the access base of information
sources. In this context, the valuable support given by
University Grants Commission (UGC) and Information and
Library Network (INFLIBNET) Center is quite noteworthy.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
In the light of the objectives of the study, the data collected
through questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted with the
help of statistical tabulation method using simple percentage
approach. The data has been presented compared and analyzed
by using tables and graphs.
Table 1a: The General Aspects of the Libraries
Table 1b: The General Aspects of the Libraries
Book collection
Current journals subs.
Year of establishment
Types of Management :
Government
Private
Self Financing
Librarian Professional
qualification
Total library area (Sq.feets)
Digital library area
(Sq.feets)

Items
Name of the Library
7 8 9

10

11

12

13

MSRDCL
MRADCL SVDCL
SRGCDL TODCL VSDCL VIDSL

5626 5470 1803 4047 5416 5317

2623

66 87 13 30

112

65

66

1992 1986 1991 1992 1992 1986

2002

No No No No

No

No

No


No No No Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes Yes Yes No

Yes

Yes

No

M.Lib; M.Phil M.Lib M.Lib M.Lib M.Lib M.Lib;
M.Phil
M.Lib

5000 11250 2760 6855 7350 8000

6325

800 520 300 500 200

300

250

80
Table 1a, 1b reveals the general aspects of dental libraries in
Bangalore out of 13 libraries. The 1 (7.70 %) libraries have the
total collection of documents in the range of 1 to 2000. The 5
(38.46 %) libraries have the total collection of documents in
the range between 2001-4000. The 6 (46.15 %) libraries have
the total collection of documents in the range between 4001-
6000. The 1 (7.70%) libraries hold the total collection of
ranging between 10001-12000. No library is having collection
in the range of 6001-10000.
It is observed from the analysis of the data as shown in the table
1a and 1b reveals that out of 13 libraries. 1 (7.70 %) libraries in
the range of 1-20 journals. It is observed that, 5 (38.46 %)
libraries in the range of 21-40 and 2 (15.38 %) libraries in the
range of 41-60 and 3 (23.07 %) libraries in the range of 61-80
journals. It is observed from the analysis of data that only
1(7.70 %) library is in the range of 101-120 journals.
The number of college libraries which have been established
during 1958 to 2002. Government Dental College Library
started in 1958 is the oldest library in Bangalore. The
maximum 5 college libraries are established in 1992. The
highest 10 dental college libraries are Self Financing i.e. 10
(76.92%) Private aided 2 (15.38%) and Government College is
1 (7.70%).
It shows that 10(76.92%) librarians are having Master degree
in library and information science and 3(23.07%) librarians
have M. Phil degree.
International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
Table 2a: Budget

Items
Name of the Library
1 2

3 4 5 6
BIDSL RVDCL DSCDL SRDCL GDCL KCDL
Total library Expenditure for
2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
Not given

6000000

4200000

Not given

Not given

Not given

Expenditure of books for 2007-08,
2008-09 & 2009-10
Not given
2453639 1175000 Not given Not given Not given
Expenditure of periodicals for 2007-08,
2008-09 & 2009- 10
Not given 1687081 1525000 Not given Not given Not given
Expenditure of library software for
2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
Not given Not given

Not given Not given Not given Not given

Table 2b: Budget
Name of the Library
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
MSRDCL MRADCL SVDCL SRGCDL TODCL VSDCL VIDSL
Total library Expenditure for
2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
6640000 6800000 1215000 Not given 8142574 5248000 4030000
Expenditure of books for
2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
3100000 1450000 300000 Not given 2653597 1212000 875000
Expenditure of periodicals for
2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
2600000 5400000 4500000 Not given 4915282 2816000 2250000
Expenditure of library software
for 2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10
250000 100000 Not given Not given Not given 80000 15000
It is observed from the analysis of data as shown in the table 2a
and 2b reveals the total library expenditure of back three years
(2007-2008, 2008-2009 & 2009-2010) for books, periodicals
and library automation and networking in the dental college
libraries. It is observed that the total library expenditure for
2007-2008, 2008-2009 & 2009-2010 of TODCL is Rs.
8142574 which is highest of all and the lowest budget is of
SVDCL which is Rs. 1215000. BIDSL, SRDCL, GDCL,
KCDL and SRGCDL have not given any response for this
question. MSRDCL has the highest budget for books for the
three years i.e. Rs. 3100000 and SVDCL is having lowest
budget i.e. Rs. 300000. Regarding the expenditure of
periodicals for three years MRADCL has the highest budget
i.e. Rs. 5400000 and DSCDL is having lowest budget of Rs.
1525000. BIDSL, SRDCL, GDCL, KCDL and SRGCDL have
given no response for this question. The expenditure of library
software for 2007-08, 2008-09 & 2009-10 of MSRDCL is
Rs. 250000; MRADCL is Rs. 100000, VSDCL is Rs. 80000
and VIDSL is Rs. 15000. Other libraries have not given
information regarding this question.
Items
81
Table 3a: Library Automation
Name of the Library

Items


1 2 3 4 5 6
BIDSL RVDCL DSCDL SRDCL GDCL KCDL
Library is automated /computerized No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Status of automation : Completely
automated
No No No No Yes No
Partially automated No Yes No Yes No No
Initial stage No No No No No Yes
Year of automation
--

2008
-

2010 2003 2011
Use of library software

-

LIBSOFT
-

EASYLIB CRM LIBSOFT
Table 3b: Library Automation

Items
Name of the Library

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

MSRDCL MRADCL SVDCL SRGCDL TODCL VSDCL
VIDSL


Library is automated /
computerized
Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No

Status of automation :
Completely automated
No No No No Yes Yes No

Partially automated Yes Yes No No No No No

Initial stage No No No No No No No

Year of automation 2004 2004
- -
2009 2007
-


Use of library software EASYLIB LIBSOFT
- -
LIBSOFT

LIBSOFT
-
International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
Figure 1: The Number of Dental College Libraries Automated
The analysis of the data as shown in the above graph reveals that out of 13 libraries, 8 (61.53%) libraries are Automated to
use the library software's and it is observed that 5 (38.46%) libraries are non- automated libraries.
82 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
Figure 2: The Status of Automation in Different College Libraries
Status of Automation
5 (38%)
1 (8%)
3 (23%)

4 (31%)
Completely
automated


Partially
automated


Initial stages
Non-Automated

The analysis of the data as shown in the above figure 2 reveals
that out of 13 libraries. 3 (23.07%) libraries are completely
automated, 4 (30.76%) libraries are partially automated and 1
(7.70%) library is in initial stage of automation.
The work of library automation was started in GDCL college
library for the year 2003, MSRDCL and MRADCL college
libraries are started automation for the year 2004. VSDCL
automation started 2009, SRDCL started 2010 and KCDL
started library automation in 2011.
Figure 3: Library Software Used
Library Software Used
2 (15%)

5 (38%)
1 (8%)

5 (39%)
EASYLIB
LIBSOFT
CRM
Non-
Automated


Librarians were asked to provide the details about the use of
software in their libraries. The figure 3 reveals that out of 13
libraries, it is observed that RVDCL, KCDL, MRADCL,
TODCL and VSDCL are using LIBSOFT software and
SRDCL and MSRDCL are using EASYLIB software and
GDCL are using other softwares i.e. CRM (Campus Resource
Management).
83 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
Table 4: Advantages of Library Automation
Sr. No

Advantages

Number of
Respondents

%age

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Large data can be handled with ease and accuracy
Operates at a great speed and promptness
High rate and better quality in performance
Labour saving
Save the lot of time both user and staff
Ease in functioning
Avoids/eliminates duplication of work
Greater manipulation possible

13
12
13
12
13
12
10
10

100
92.3
100
92.3
100
92.3
76.92
76.92








Table 4 shows the advantages of library automation in the 13
libraries. It is observed that 13 (100 %) librarians inform that
large data can be handled with ease and accuracy, 12 (92.30 %)
librarians say that the advantage is of great speed and
promptness. 13 (100 %) librarians indicate the high rate and
better quality in performance. It is observed that 12 (92.30 %)
librarians indicate automation is labour saving, 13 (100 %)
librarians inform that it saves time of both user and staff, 12
(92.30 %) librarians response shows of ease in functioning. 10
(76.92 %) librarians response is that it eliminates duplication
of work and 10 (76.92 %) librarians indicate the advantage of
greater manipulation possible.
Table 5a: Information Services

Items
Name of the Library
Internet service

Types of Internet Connectivity
Bandwidth

E
-journal accessibility
Service provided through campus
LAN

Internet service provided
Do you have computer network in
the campus
Internet facility available in the
academic department
OPAC facility available through
the campus
Library catalogue is accessible
through the webpage
OPAC facility available through
the outside campus
1
BIDSL
Yes
Leased Line
1mbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

VSNL
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
2
RVDCL
Yes
Broad band
5mbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

VSNL
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
3
DSCDL
Yes
Leased Line
1mbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

Leased Line
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
4
SRDCL
Yes
Broad band
128kbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

ERNET
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
5
GDCL
Yes
Broad band
1mbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

BSNL
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
6
KCDL
Yes
Broad band
128kbps
Yes
Campus
LAN

BSNL
No
Yes
No
No
No
84 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
Table 5 b: Information Services

Items

Name of the Library
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
MSRDCL MRADCL SVDCL SRGCDL TODCL VSDCL VIDSL
Internet service Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Types of Internet
Connectivity
Broad band Broad band Broad band Broad band Broad band Broad band Broad band
Bandwidth 512kbps 512kbps 1mbps 128kbps 256kbps 256kbps 256kbps
E-journal accessibility Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Internet service provided BSNL Airtel BSNL BSNL Reliance BSNL BSNL

Do you have computer
network in the campus
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
OPAC facility available
through the campus
No No No No No Yes No
OPAC facility available
through the outside campus

No No No No No No No
Internet facility available in
the academic department
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Library catalogue is
accessible through the
webpage
No No No No No Yes No
Service provided through
campus LAN

Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Campus
LAN
Table 5a & 5b reveals the details of information services
provided by the dental college libraries. Out of 13 libraries, all
libraries provide internet service facilities. BIDSL and
DSCDL library use the leased line connectivity and other
libraries use the broad band connection. The bandwidth facility
provided by the 13 dental college libraries are: SRDCL, KCDL
and SRGCDL provide the bandwidth of 128kbps. TODCL,
VSDCL and VIDSL provide 256 kbps and MSRDCL and
MRADCL provide 512 kbps. BIDSL, DSCDL, GDCL and
SVDCL provide bandwidth 1mpbs. The maximum bandwidth
provided by RVDCL is 5mbps. All libraries provide campus
LAN facility. KCDL and VSDCL do not provide the computer
networking facility in the campus. RVDCL, DSCDL, SRDCL,
GDCL and VSDCL provide OPAC facility available through
the campus. DSCDL also provides the OPAC facility available
through outside the campus. RVDCL and VSDCL libraries
provide library catalogue accessible through the webpage.
P R O B L E M S O F L I B R A R Y
AUTOMATION AND NETWORKING
o Lack of effective networking and communication
technology,
o Less effective implementation of proposed networks,
o Lack of uninterrupted power supply,
o Lack of foreign exchange for importing proper hardware,
o Information infrastructure is not up to date and there is a
lack of trained manpower.
Automation and networking of libraries are still in their
formative stages in India. INFLIBNET, DELNET, and other
metropolitan networks are providing training facilities for
computer applications. The ILA, IASLIC, and NISSAT have
jointly helped academic libraries in the choice of software and
hardware, and in manpower training. Every year, INFLIBNET
organizes a conference, Vyas (1997).
Suggestions for successful implementation of Library
Automation and Networking
o Hardware and software should be acquired as per the latest
configuration.
o For the successful implementation of the computerization
of library services, advice from the experts who have
already computerized the library services and activities
should be sought.
o Senior library professionals should visit computerized
libraries to gather practical information about
computerization of library operations and services.
o Easy purchase procedure should be adopted for
acquisition of hardware and software so that system with
latest configuration can be purchased for library
automation.
85 International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology | April-June 2012 | Vol. 2 | Issue 2
o Erratic power supply should be corrected by installing
high capacity UPS and power generator.
o Standardization of library automaton activities to
facilitate easy resource sharing.
o Resources and facilities available in library should be
shared.
o Each dental library should prepare the union catalogue of
documents available in the dental library and department
libraries and make it accessible to all through
INFLIBNET Center.
o Sharing of resources should be strengthened.
o Initiate Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
projects as done by developed nations.
o Campus LAN has to be setup by all dental libraries for
making information transfer faster and efficient.
o Setup links between information networks of UGC,
ICAR, CSIR, INFLIBNET, etc., for optimum use of
resources.
CONCLUSION
Library automation is the process which needs proper
planning, timely implementation and periodical evaluation.
The librarian with the administrators has to set the priorities
after analyzing the current status and future requirements.
Selection of the suitable integrated library management
package according to the needs of the users and the library is
important. Retrospective conversion, OPAC, circulation and
serials control, etc. should be conducted with care. Staff
training and user education are keys to the success of the
process. Library automation invites realistic approach.
Librarian should acquire adequate knowledge about the
hardware and software options available. All libraries should
use standard software packages for automation and database
creation to facilitate the exchange of bibliographic records
between libraries. Databases may preferably be created in the
MARC21 format because most libraries at the international
level follow this. There is need for continuous monitoring of
automation activities for improvement of the situation and for
meeting the future needs.
Academic achievement of a student is closely related to his/her
ability to find, evaluate and use the required information
according to the curriculum needs. An automated dental
library with a variety of resources and user oriented services
can lead them to the goals.
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