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Speed and Velocity
Speed and Velocity
=
=
10
1
10
15 10 10 7 8 15 10 7 8 10 + + + + + + + + +
=
ave
s
10
100
=
ave
s s m s
ave
/ 10 =
2. A runner whose movement is as follow: 200 m for 80 sec, 100 m for 30 sec, and 300
m for 90 sec.
=
t
d
s
ave
90 30 80
300 100 200
+ +
+ +
=
ave
s
200
600
=
ave
s
200
600
=
ave
s s m s
ave
/ 3 =
8.00 m/s
Activity #2
Test I. Speed Vs. Velocity
Determine whether the following suggest speed or velocity. Write S for speed and V for velocity.
V An elevator moving 30m from the first floor to the third floor for 5 minutes (Upward)
S A man walked for half an hour and covered 600 meters.
V A ball dropped 30 m above a building is found on the ground 3 seconds after. (Downward)
V The news reported that the speed of Hanging Habagat is 20 km/h. (Southwest)
S A sprinter finishes a 400 meter race after 2 minutes and 16 seconds.
Test II. The Friendly Race
Read and analyze the situation. Answer the questions that follow.
4 friends decided to have a race from the gate of their school to the beach. The beach is
30 km north of the starting position. Since the friends are racing from each other they decided
to take different paths.
Ramon: 20 km North for 15 minutes; 5 km N 30 E for 5 minutes; and 5 km West for 5 minutes.
Ronald: 2 20 km NW for 27 minutes; 20 km East for 20 minutes; and 10 km North for 6
minutes.
Eduard: 15 km North for 10 minutes; 15 km West for 11 minutes; and 2 15 km NE for 15
minutes.
Adolfo: 50 km N 60 E for 50 minutes; 15 km West for 11 minutes; and 5 km South for 7
minutes.
1. Complete the table below.
Name Total Distance Total Time Average Speed
Ramon 30 km 0 hr 25 min 72.00 km/h
Ronald 58 km 0 hr 53 min 65.66 km/h
Eduard 51 km 0 hr 36 min 85.00 km/h
Adolfo 70 km 1 hr 08 min 61.76 km/h
2. Who did not finish the race?
Ramon and Adolfo
3. Who finished the race?
Ronald and Eduard
4. Who won the race? Eduard won the race for reaching the beach with a total time of 36
minutes.
5. Using the Cartesian plane below, plot the movement of each friend.
(Use the scale 1 unit: 5 km and let the starting position be at the origin.)
6. From the plot above, determine the displacement of the four friends. (Round off answers to two decimal
places.)
Name Displacement
Ramon 24.46 km
Ronald 30.00 km
Eduard 30.00 km
Adolfo 34.65 km
7. Calculate the average velocity of the four friends. (Round off answers to two decimal places.)
Name Average Velocity
Ramon 58.70 km/h N 5.87 W
Ronald 33.96 km/h North
Eduard 50.00 km/h North
Adolfo 30.57 km/h N 54.75 E
See next page
for the solution.
Solutions for items number 6 and 7.
6. To calculate for displacement, we use component method.
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
20 km North 0 20
5 km N 30 E 2.5
2.5 3
5 km W -5 0
Total -2.5
20+2.5 3
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2
2
3 5 . 2 20 5 . 2 + + = D km D 46 . 24
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
20 2 km
NW -20 20
20 km E 20 0
10 km N 0 10
Total 0 30
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2 2
30 0 + = D km D 00 . 30 =
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
15 km N 0 15
15 km W -15 0
15 2km
NE 15 15
Total 0 30
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2 2
30 0 + = D km D 00 . 30 =
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
50 km N 60 E
25 3
25
15 km W -15 0
5 km S 0 -5
Total
25 3-15
20
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2
2
20 15 3 25 + = D km D 65 . 34
7. For the direction of the velocity use the results of the component method in item number 6.
Ramon:
x
y
=
tan
5 . 2
3 5 . 2 20
tan
+
=
732050808 . 9 tan =
13 . 84 =
Therefore, Ramons average velocity is W N 13 . 84 90
min 25
46 . 24
= W N 87 . 5 70 . 58
Ronald:
x
y
=
tan
0
30
tan =
undefined =
tan
0
30
tan =
undefined =
tan
15 3 25
20
tan
070668 . 0 tan =
25 . 35 =
Therefore, Adolfos average velocity is E N 25 . 35 90
min 68
65 . 34
= E N h km 75 . 54 / 57 . 30
Ramon: 20 km North for 15 min; 5 km
N 30 E for 5 min; and 5 km West for
5 min.
Ronald: 2 20 km NW for 27 min;
20 km East for 20 min; and 10 km
North for 6 minutes.
Eduard: 15 km North for 10 min; 15
km West for 11 min; and 2 15 km
NE for 15 min.
Adolfo: 50 km N 60 E for 50 min;
15 km West for 11 min; and 5 km
South for 7 min.
Assessment #1
UP-SIDE-DOWN WORD SEARCH
Direction
Instruction: Connect the letters inside the box to form the word that answers the question
or completes the statement. You may connect adjacent letters upward, downward and
sideward. You are not allowed to connect letters diagonally. Find the 8 Items to uncover the
mystery word using the unused letters.
1. VECTOR is an entity characterized by a magnitude and a direction.
2. Average speed is the mean of all the INSTANTENOUS speed recorded for a certain period
of time.
3. The length of the line directly connecting the initial and the final position. DISPLACEMENT
4. Speed is not direction aware making it a SCALAR quantity.
5. The ratio of the displacement and the total time is called AVERAGE velocity.
6-7. An object has zero displacement if its INITIAL and FINAL positions is the same.
8. What is the displacement if an object moved 6 km East and 8 km North? TEN (10 km)
9. The mystery word is KINEMATICS.
10. Give your own definition of the mystery word:
Kinematics is the study of motion and its components.
Assessment Card #2
Test I. Multiple Choice. (Use =3.14)
1. A planes speed after landing is defined by the equation s m t s 18 180 = , how long would
it take the plane to stop?
a. 10 seconds b. 11 seconds c. 12 seconds d. 13 seconds
2. A 50 m train of constant speed enters a 300 m tunnel, if a stationary light located in the
tunnel has been above the train for 4 seconds. How fast is the train moving?
a. 10 m/s b. 12.5 m/s c. 15 m/s d. 17.5 m/s
3. A car was able to take 10 laps in a circular race track whose radius is 15 m for a total time
of 15 minutes and 42 second. What is the average speed of the car?
a. 10 km/h b. 20 km/h c. 30 km/h d. 40 km/h
4. Two men were walking towards each other. The speed of the first man (A) is 2/3 of the
speed of the second man (B) and the distance between them is 150m. After t seconds the
two men meet each other, by this point how far did man A travelled?
a. 50 m b. 60 m c. 70 m d. cannot be
determined
5. A runner ran around an oval and returned to his original position. If the average speed of
the runner is 2 mph and he ran for 13 minutes, which of the following could be his
velocity?
a. 2 mph East b. 0 mph North c. 4 mph East d. 1 mph North
Test II. Matching Type Match Column A with Column B. Connect the Circles of the
corresponding matches.
See next page for
the solution.
Solutions for Assessment Card #2 Test 1
Enrichment #1
Test I. Vocabulary Enhancement
Define the following:
1. Average Speed is the ratio of the total distance travelled to the total time.
2. Azimuth is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line or meridian.
3. Direction is the line or course upon which anything is moving or aimed to
move, or in which anything is lying or pointing.
4. Displacement is the length of the track connecting the initial and the final
position.
5. Instantaneous Speed is the speed of an object at a given moment of time.
6. Kinematics is the study of motion and its components.
7. Scalar Quantity is a simple physical quantity that is not direction aware.
8. Speed the rate at which an object is moving.
9. Vector Quantity a quantity having a magnitude and a direction.
10. Velocity the speed at which an object is moving with respect to the direction.
Test II. Relationship of Distance, Time, Speed and Velocity
Match the definition with the appropriate illustration below.
a. b. c. d.
a & c Constant Speed
b Zero Displacement
d Increasing Speed
b Zero Velocity
a & c Constant Velocity
Test II. Essay
A. Explain why it is possible to have positive average speed but zero average velocity.
It is possible to have zero average velocity but a positive average speed since average
speed only takes the total distance covered over the total time while average velocity
takes the displacement over the total time. Assuming that the initial and the final
position is the same, the displacement would be equal to zero thus yielding zero average
velocity.
B. Explain the difference between a vector and a scalar quantity.
A vector quantity contains a magnitude and a direction while a scalar quantity has only the
magnitude.
Enrichment #2
Test I. Which Car was that?
Two cars were moving at constant speed. Car A is moving at a rate of
(1)
89 mph. Car
B is moving at 80 mph. After 3 hours Car A is 27 miles from Car B which by this time
has travelled
(2)
240 miles. Two hours earlier Car A is
(3)
9 miles ahead of Car B. On the
fourth hour, Car B decided to stop for
(4)
30 minutes. From the moment Car B
stopped till it started to continue its track Car A has travelled
(5)
44.5 miles making
the distance between the two cars equal to 80.5 miles.
(6-10)
If a snail moving at a rate
of 0.0000001 mile/s crossing the road 500 miles away from the starting point and the
road is 0.004 mile wide which car is closer to the snail when it reaches the middle of
the road?(The snail started crossing the moment the two cars started the moving.)
Car A is closer to the snail. (See next page for the solutions.)
Test II. Average Velocity (Use 1:20meters and 1:5naut.miles in plotting)
Plot the movement of the following objects and determine their average velocity.
1. A ship move at a speed of 30 knots with a bearing of 120 for half an hour. Then
turned 30 to the left and travelled 20 n.m. for 45 minutes to reach its destination.
27.06 knots E 12.81 S
2. To reach the school, Ramon walked the following distance: 160m N 30 E for 3
minutes; 100m West for 5 minutes; and 2 20 m NE for 2 minutes.
1. Ship
1. Ship's Average Velocity
2. Ramon
2. Ramon's Average Velocity
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
x
y
Solutions for Enrichment #2
Test I.
1. It is given that both moved at a constant speed. By examining and using the clue in sentence
number four that states that car A is ahead of Car B. we can conclude that car As speed is 89 mph.
Using this we can therefore solve the rest of the items.
2. miles h
h
miles
240 3 80 =
3. Given t=1, S
a
= 89 mph and S
b
= 80 mph. ( ) miles d d
b a
9 1 80 89 = =
4. Using the answer on the next item we will be able to know how long did car b stopped.
min 30 5 . 0
90
5 . 44
= = = = h
h
mi
mi
s
d
t
5. We difference of the two cars on the fourth hour.
t=4, S
a
= 89 mph and S
b
= 80 mph. ( ) miles d d
b a
36 4 80 89 = =
Subtract the value to the total distance on the moment car B Decided to continue.
miles 5 . 44 36 5 . 80 =
6-10. We first Calculate the time it took the snail to reach the middle.
sec 33 min 20 5 sec 20000
0000001 . 0 1
002 . 0
0000001 . 0
) ( 2 004 . 0
hr
mi
s mi
s
m
road the of length the half
t = = =
=
Determine the distance cover by the two cars.
3. Given t=1, S
a
= 89 mph and S
b
= 80 mph.
miles
h
h
mi
x
h
mi
s
t
d
a
a
44 . 494
sec 3600
1 89
1
sec 20000
89
sec 20000
= = = =
miles
h
h
mi
x
h
mi
s
t
d
a
a
44 . 404
sec 3600
1 80
1
sec 18200
80
) 3600 5 (. sec 20000
= =
= =
We subtracted half an hour since car b is not moving for that period of time from the 4
th
hour to the
4.5
th
hour. With distance travelled above by the two cars. We can conclude that car A is closer to the
snail which is found on the 500
th
mile of the track.
Test II. Use component method to know the average velocity.
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
15n.m. 120 bearing 7.5
3
-7.5
20n.m East 20 0
Total 20 + 7.5
3
-7.5
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2
2
5 . 7 3 5 . 7 20 + + = D nm D 83 . 33
( ) ( ) 3 5 . 7 20 5 . 7 arctan ) 75 . 5 (. 83 . 33 + + =
ave
V
S E knots V
ave
= 81 . 12 06 . 27
Displacement Direction X-component Y-component
160 m N 30 E 80 80
3
100 m W -100 0
20
2
m NE 20 20
Total 0 20 + 80
3
( ) ( )
2 2
+ = component y component x D ( ) ( )
2
2
3 80 20 0 + + = D m D 56 . 158 =
1. A ship move at a speed of 30
knots with a bearing of 120 for half
an hour. Then turned 30 to the left
and travelled 20 n.m. for 45
minutes to reach its destination.
2. To reach the school, Ramon
walked the following distance: 160m
N 30 E for 3 minutes; 100m West
for 5 minutes; and
2 20
m NE for 2
minutes.
North m V
ave
min) 10 ( 56 . 158 =
North
m
V
ave
min
86 . 15 =
BOOKS
Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew
Sands. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume I,
Section 8-2. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts
(1963). ISBN 0-201-02116-1.
Robert Resnick and Jearl Walker, Fundamentals of
Physics, Wiley; 7 Sub edition (June 16, 2004). ISBN
0471232319.
INTERNET
http://www.physicslab.com/speed&velocity.html
http://www.petsdo.com/blog/top-twenty-20-fastest-
land-animals-including-humans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity