Nghien Cuu He Truyen Dong Bien Tan - Dong Co Khong Dong Bo Cho Thang May

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.
vn

I HC THI NGUYN
TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

LUN VN THC S K THUT

NGNH: T NG HO

NGHIN CU H TRUYN NG BIN TN - NG
C KHNG NG B CHO THANG MY

Hc vin: Nguyn Tun Hi
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS Nguyn Nh Hin

THI NGUYN - 2009
S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn

MC LC

M U
Trang
1
Chng 1: Tng quan v thang my
1.1 Khi nim chung v thang my.
1.1.1 Gii thiu
1.1.2 Lch s pht trin ca thang my
3
3
3
3
1.1.3 Tnh hnh s dng thang my Vit Nam 4
1.1.4 Phn loi v k hiu thang my 5
1.1.5 Cu to ca thang my. 7
1.2 Ch lm vic ca ti v yu cu ca h truyn ng in dng trong
thang my.
1.2.1 Ch lm vic ca ti
1.2.2 Cc yu cu v truyn ng in.
1.2.3 Yu cu v dng chnh xc, tit kim nng lng v an ton.
1.2.4 Tnh chn cng sut ng c...
11

11
13
15
17
1.3 Nghin cu cc h truyn ng in hin i dng trong thang my
1.3.1 La chn bin tn
1.3.2 La chn ng c.
1.4 Kt lun
20

23
25
Chng II: Nghin cu m hnh ton hc v phng php iu khin tn s
ng c khng ng b Rotor lng sc.
2.1 M hnh ton hc nhiu bin ca ng c khng ng b ba pha..
2.1.1 c im ca m hnh ton hc trang thi ng ca ng c KB
26
26
26
26

2.1.2 M hnh ton hc nhiu bin ca ng c KB ba pha...
2.1.2.1 Phng trnh in p..
2.1.2.2 Phng trnh t thng
2.1.2.3 Phng trnh chuyn ng.
2.1.2.4 Phng trnh m men.
2.1.2.5 M hnh ton hc ng c khng ng b ba pha..
2.2 Gii thiu v iu khin tn s ng c khng ng b.
2.2.1 iu khin v hng SFC
2.2.2 iu kin nh hng theo t trng FOC..
2.2.3 iu khin trc tip m men DTC..
2.3 Kt lun ..
29
29
31
35
35
36
37
37
39
44
45
Chng III: Nghin cu h truyn ng bin tn 4Q - ng c khng ng
b (ASM) cho thang my..
3.1 Khi qut v chnh lu PWM..
3.1.1 Lnh vc s dng chnh lu.
3.1.2 Mt s nh gi chnh lu i vi li
3.1.3 Bin php khc phc
3.2 Chnh lu PWM ..
3.2.1 Nhim v ..
3.2.2 Cu trc mch lc v hot ng ca chnh lu PWM..
3.2.3 Cc phng php iu khin chnh lu PWM
3.3 Phn tch h truyn ng bin tn - ng c khng ng b cho Cabin
thang my.
3.3.1 Khi mch lc.
3.4 Cc thng s ch yu ca h truyn ng bin tn 4Q ASM ...
47
47
47
47
48
52
56
56
56
58
63
63
63
69

3.4.1 ng c ASM
3.5 S m phng v cc kt qu
3.5.1 S m phng h thng v s minh ho chi tit...
3.5.2 Cc kt qu m phng..
3.6 Kt lun
Ti liu tham kho..
69
69
69
76
78
79


1
M U

Ngy nay cng vi vic cng nghip v hin i ho x hi ngy cng
pht trin, cc to nh cng ngy cng cao hn v hin i hn. Mt yu t
khng th thiu v nhu cu th hin s b th sang trng ca to nh l ,nhng
thang my lp t bn trong. V vy thang my l mt phn khng th thiu
v ng gp vai tr rt quan trng cng nh lm tng thm s sang trng cho
to nh. Chnh v nhng yu t trn nn s cn thit phi trang b, thit k mt
h thng thang my sao cho khng nhng m bo c tnh thm m, tin
dng v an ton cho ngi s dng. Thang my c vai tr ht sc quan trng
trong vic vn chuyn ngi v hng ho. Th hi nhng to nh cao tng,
siu th, bnh vin m khng c trang b thang my th mc ch s dng s
khng m bo, i khi khng c ngha. Do vy cc yu t k trn i hi
s ra i v s c mt ca thang my. Trong nhng nm gn y , do s ra
tng dn s, tc th ho nhanh, cng vi nhng pht trin mnh m ca
nn kinh t, tc cng nghip ho tng nhanh nn nhu cu v ch rt cp
bch, vic xy dng nhng khu nh chung c c s tng tng i cao ang
l gii php hu hiu v ch hin nay. c th p ng c vic i li
gia cc tng trong to nh ch yu l cu thang my. Vn t ra y l
ta cn phi thit k, lp t mt h thng thang my p ng c yu cu
trn. Mt vn na t ra i vi thang my l phi vn ti c con
ngi v hng ho th yu cu v vn hnh m, an ton li lun c coi
trng. Chnh nhng yu cu kht khe ca khch hng khi s dng v la chn
thang my i hi nhng chuyn gia, cc hng sn xut ngy cng phi nng
cao, ci tin cng ngh sao cho cht lng c tt nht.
V vy vic trin khai ti: Nghin cu h truyn ng bin tn
ng c khng ng b nng h cabin thang my nhm gii php phn


2
no nhng yu cu v tnh kinh t, k thut cng nh tnh cng ngh ang c
xu hng ng dng cao i vi quy trnh sn xut thang my.
Xut pht t thc tin tc gi mun c ng gp nng phng phn
nh tm ti, nghin cu ca mnh vo vic nghin cu h truyn ng in t
ng cho cabin thang my bng ng c khng ng b s dng b bin tn
PWM.
Ton b ni dung lun vn c trnh by vi cc ni dung sau y:
Chng 1 - Tng quan v thang my
Chng 2 Nghin cu m hnh ton hc v phng php iu khin
tn s ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc
Chng 3 Nghin cu h truyn ng bin tn 4Q (Four quarter) -
ng c khng ng b (ASM) cho thang my


3
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V THANG MY
1.1. KHI NIM CHUNG V THANG MY.
1.1.1. Gii thiu
Thang my l mt thit b chuyn dng vn chuyn ngi, hng ho,
vt liu, theo phng thng ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 15
0
so vi
phng thng ng theo mt gc nh sn.
Thang my thng c dng trong cc khch sn, cng s, chung c,
bnh vin, i quan st, thp truyn hnh, cc nh my v cng xng, c
im vn chuyn bng thang my so vi cc phng tin vn chuyn khc l
thi gian ca mt chu k vn chuyn b, tn sut vn chuyn ln, ng m
my lin tc. Ngoi ngha v vn chuyn, thang my cn l mt trong
nhng yu t lm tng v p v tin nghi ca cng trnh.
ngha s dng ca thang my rt ln cho nn nhiu quc gia trn th
gii quy nh i vi cc to nh cao 6 tng tr ln u phi c trang b
thang my m bo cho ngi i li thun tin, tit kim thi gian v tng
nng sut lao ng. i vi nhng cng trnh c bit nh bnh vin, nh
my, khch sn,do yu cu phc v vn phi c trang b thang my nu
nh s tng nh hn 6. Gi thnh ca thang my trang b cho cng trnh c
th chim ti 10% tng gi thnh ca cng trnh.
1.1.2. Lch s pht trin ca thang my
Cui th k 19, trn th gii mi ch c mt vi hng thang my ra i
nh OTIS, Schindler. Chic thang my u tin c ch to v a vo
s dng ca hng thang my OTIS (M) nm 1853. n nm 1874, hng
thang my Schindler (Thu S) cng ch to thnh cng nhng thang my
khc. Lc u b ti ko ch c mt tc , cabin c kt cu n gin, ca
tng ng m bng tay, tc di chuyn ca cabin thp.
u th k 20, c nhiu hng thang my khc ra i nh KONE (Phn
Lan), MISUBISHI, NIPPON ELEVATOR (Nht Bn), THYSEN (c),


4
SABIEM (), ch to loi thang my c tc cao, tin nghi trong
cabin tt hn v m hn.
Vo u nhng nm 1970 thang my ch to t ti tc
450m/pht, nhng thang my ch hng c ti trng nng ti 30 tn ng
thi cng trong khong thi gian ny c nhng thang my thu lc ra i.
Sau mt khong thi gian rt ngn vi tin b ca cc ngnh khoa hc khc,
tc thang my t ti 600m/pht. Vo nhng nm 1980, xut hin h
thng iu khin ng c mi bng phng php bin i in p v tn s
(inverter). Thnh tu ny cho php thang my hot ng m hn, tit kim
c khong 40% cng sut ng c. ng thi cng vo nhng nm ny
xut hin loi thang my dng ng c cm ng tuyn tnh.
Vo u nhng nm 1990, trn th gii ch to nhng thang my c
tc t ti 750m/pht v cc thang my c tnh nng k thut c bit.
Trong thi im hin nay khi m mt dn c ti cc thnh ph v
cc khu cng nghip ngy cng tng dn n s pht trin ca cc khu th
cao tng, nhiu to nh cao tng c xy dng th nhu cu s dng thang
my l khng th thiu.
1.1.3. Tnh hnh s dng thang my Vit Nam
Chng ta c th thy rng trong thi i cng nghip ho v hin i
ho hin nay th thi gian v sc lc ca con ngi l th v cng qu gi,
chnh v vy cn phi c tit kim v s dng hp l, y cng chnh l tiu
ch m cc nh sn xut a ra nghin cu ch to cc loi thang my ti
u tit kim thi gian v sc lc cho con ngi nht.
Th trng s dng thang my ln nht nc ta l hai thnh ph ln:
Th H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh, y l ni tp trung cc cng s,
trung tm thng mi, cc chung c cao tng. Hu ht cc to nh cao tng
u c lp t thang my. Khng ch dng li nhng trung tm ln,
m th trng s dng thang my v s c m rng ti cc thnh ph,
th x, cc khu cng nghip khc trong c nc,


5
Hin nay trn th trng thang my nc ta c cc sn phm ca cc
hng nh: Hng MITSUBISHI elevator, LG elevator, NIPPON elevator, FUJI
elevator, Vit Nam, c nhiu cng ty kinh doanh v lnh vc thang my
nh cng ty thang my Thin Nam l mt i din hang u ca thnh ph
H Ch Minh, l c quyn cho hng thang my ni ting Hn Quc SIGMA,
v cng ty thang my Thi Bnh cng l mt i din thnh ph H Ch
Minh, cc cng ty ny u c kh nng cung cp cc loi thang my cht
lng cao m gi thnh ch bng 1/3 gi thnh thang my nhp ngoi, cc
cng ty ny hu ht m rng th trng ra min nam, min trung v min
bc. Hin nay cc cng ty thang my trong nc u c kh nng lp t, bo
tr v sa cha cc loi thang my v ang khng ngng nng cao t l ni
a ho gim gi thnh sn phm cng nh tng kh nng t ch trong vic
sn xut thang my.
1.1.4. Phn loi v k hiu thang my
Thang my hin nay c thit k v ch to rt a dng, vi nhiu
kiu loi khc nhau ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca tng cng trnh. C
th phn loi thang my theo cc nguyn tc v c im sau:
* Phn loi theo cng dng: C 5 loi ( TCVN 5744 1993 )
- Thang my chuyn ch ngi
- Thang my chuyn ch ngi c tnh n hng i km
- Thang my chuyn ch hng c ngi i km
- Thang my chuyn ch hang khng c ngi i km
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi thang chuyn dng khc nh thang my cu
ho, ch t,...
* Phn loi theo h thng dn ng cabin:
- Thang my dn ng in: loi ny dn ng cabin ln xung nh
ng c in truyn qua hp gim tc ti puly ma st hoc tang cun cp.
- Thang my thu lc
- Thang my kh nn


6
* Phn loi theo v tr t b ti ko
- Thang my c b ti ko t pha trn ging thang
- Thang my c b ti ko t pha di ging thang
- Thang my dn ng cabin ln xung bng bnh rng thanh rng : b
ti dn ng t ngay trn nc cabin
- Thang mt thu lc: bung my t ti tng trt
* Phn loi theo cc thng s c bn:
- Theo tc di chuyn ca cabin:
Loi tc thp: v < 1m/s
Loi tc trung bnh: v = 1 2.5 m/s
Loi tc cao: v = 2.5 4 m/s
Loi tc rt cao: v > 4m/s
- Theo khi lng vn chuyn ca cabin:
Loi nh: Q < 500kg
Loi trung bnh: Q = 500 1000kg
Loi ln: Q = 1000 1600kg
Loi rt ln: Q > 1600kg
Thang my c k hiu bng cc ch v s, da vo cc thng s c
bn sau:
- Loi thang: theo thng l quc t, ngi ta dng cc ch ci (ch
latinh ) k hiu nh sau:
+ Thang ch khch: P ( Passenger )
+ Thang ch bnh nhn: B ( Bed )
+ Thang ch hang: F ( Freight )
- S ngi hoc ti trng: (ngi, kg)
- Kiu m ca
+ M chnh gia la v hai pha: CO (centre opening)
+ M mt bn, la v mt pha: 2S (Single side)
- Tc : m/ph, m/s


7
- S tng phc v v tng s tng ca to nh
- H thng iu khin
- H thng vn hnh
- Ngoi ra c th dung cc thng s khc b xung cho k hiu: v d
P11- CO-90-11/14-VVVF-Duplex. K hiu trn c ngha l: thang my ch
khch, ti trng 11 ngi, kiu m ca chnh la hai pha, tc di chuyn
cabin 90m/ph, c 11 im dng phc v trn tng s 14 tng ca to nh, h
thng iu khin bng cch bin i in p v tn s, h thng vn hnh kp.
1.1.5. Cu to thang my
S cu to ca loi thang my ch ngi thng dng nht,
dn ng bng ti in vi puly dn cp bng ma st (gi tt l puly ma st)
c ch ra hnh 1.1. B t ko 21 c t trong trong bung my 22 nm
pha trn ging thang 15. Ging thang 15 chy dc sut chiu cao ca cng
trnh v c che chn bng kt cu chu lc (gch, b tong hoc kt cu thp
vi li che bng knh) v ch cc ca vo ging thang lp ca tng 7.
Trn kt cu chu lc dc theo ging thang c gn cc ray dn hng 12 v 13
cho i trng 14 v cabin 18. Cabin v i trng c treo trn hai u ca
cc cp nng 20 nh h thng treo 19. H thng treo c tc dng m bo cho
cc cp nng ring bit c cng nh nhau. Cabin v i trng c treo
trn hai u ca cc cp nng 20 nh h thng treo 19. H thng treo c tc
dng m bo cho cc cp nng ring bit c cng nh nhau. Cp nng
c vt qua cc rnh cp ca puly ma st ca b ti ko.


8

Hnh 1.1 S cu to ca loi thang my hnh khch


9

1. Cabin
2. Con tr-t dn h-ng Cabin
3. Ray dn h-ng Cabin
4. Thanh kp tng cp
5. Cm i trng
6. Ray dn h-ng i trng
7. dn h-ng i trng
8. Cp ti
9. Cm my
10. Ca xp Cabin
11. Nm chng ri
12. C cu chng ri
13. Gim chn
14. Thanh
15. Kp ray Cabin
16. G ray Cabin
17. Bu lng bt g ray
18. G ray i trng
19. Kp ray i trng


10
Khi b ti ko hot ng, puly ma st quay v truyn chuyn ng n
cp nng lm cabin v i trng i ln hoc xung dc theo ging thang. Khi
chuyn ng, cabin v i trng ta trn cc ray dn hng trong ging thang
nh cc ngm dn hng 16. Ca cabin 4 v ca tng 7 thng l loi ca la
sang mt bn hoc hai bn ch ng v m c khi cabin dng trc ca
tng nh c cu ng m ca 3 t trn nc cabin. Ca cabin v ca tng
c trang b h thng kho lin ng v cc tip im m bo an ton
cho thang my hot ng (thang my khng hot ng c nu mt trong
cc ca tng hoc ca cabin cha ng hn, h thng kho lin ng m bo
ng kn cc ca tng v khng m c t bn ngoi khi cabin khng
ng v tr ca tng. i vi loi ca la ng m t ng th khi ng m
ca cabin, h thng kho lin ng ko theo ca tng cng ng hoc m) .
Ti cc im trn cng v di cng ca ging thang c t cc cng tc hn
ch hnh trnh cho cabin.
Phn di ca ging thang l h thang 10 t cc gim chn 11 v
thit b cng cp hn ch tc 9. Khi hng h thng iu khin, cabin hoc
i trng c th i xung phn h thang 10, vt qua cng tc hn ch hnh
trnh v t ln gim chn 11 m bo an ton cho kt cu my v to
khong trng cn thit di y cabin c th m bo an ton khi bo
dng, iu chnh v sa cha.
B hn ch tc 2 c t trong bung my 2 v cp ca b hn ch
tc 8 c lin kt vi h thng tay n ca b hm bo him 17 trn cabin.
Khi t cp hoc cp trt trn rnh puly do khng ma st cabin i xung
vi tc vt qu gi tr cho php, b hn ch tc qua cp 8 tc ng ln
b hm bo him 17 dng cabin ta trn cc ray dn hng trong ging
thang. mt s thang my, b hm bo him v h thng hn ch tc cn
c trang b cho c i trng.


11
1.2. CH LM VIC CA TI V YU CU CA H TRUYN
NG IN DNG TRONG THANG MY.
1.2.1 Ch lm vic ca ti
Cabin thang my hnh khch chuyn ng theo phng thng ng v
c trt theo cc rnh nh hng. M men ca ng c truyn ng cho
cabin thang my cng thay i theo ti trng rt r rt, khi khng ti m men
ng c khng vt qu (15 20)% M
m
. Do , s dng ti u v m
men v cng sut ng c, kh b nh hng ca trng lng cp treo, trong
thang my s dng cp cn bng v i trng. Trng lng ca i trng
thang my ch khch thng chn:
G
t
= G
bt
+ oG [kg]
Trong : G
t
- Khi lng i trng, [kg]
G
bt
- Khi lng bung thang, [kg]
G - Khi lng hng, [kg]
o = (0,35 0,4 ) - H s cn bng.
Nh vy, khc vi tnh cht ti ca c cu nng h trn cu trc, m
men cn ca cabin thang my lun mang tnh ma st (do h thng rnh trt
nh hng chuyn ng ca cabin to ra). Khi cabin y ti v i ln th
ng c lm vic ch ng c (gc phn t I), minh ha trn hnh 1.2,
khi cabin y ti v i xung th ng c lm vic ch ng c vi chiu
quay ngc li (gc phn t III).
Khi nng v h cabin khng ti, tnh hnh c khc, nng cabin khng ti
thc cht l h i trng xung, ng c lm vic ch ng c (gc phn
t th III) v h cabin khng ti thc cht l nng i trng ln, ng c lm
vic ch ng c (gc phn t th I)
Khi gim tc t cao xung thp nng cao cp chnh xc dng
cabin, ty theo chiu quay ng c s lm vic ch hm ti sinh (gc
phn t th II v IV)


12
Minh ha trn hnh v sau:
A
1
: nng cabin y ti tc cao
A
2
: nng cabin y ti tc thp (chun b dng khi n sn tng)
A
1
: h cabin y ti tc cao
A
2
: h cabin y ti tc thp (chun b dng khi n sn tng)

C
1
, C
2
: Hm khi gim tc t cao xung thp trong ch nng.
C
1
, C
2
: Hm khi gim tc t cao xung thp trong ch h.

(I)
(III)
(II)
(IV)
A
1
n
M
A
2
B
1
B
2 A
2

A
1

C
1

C
2

C
2

C
1


13

1.2.2. Cc yu cu v truyn ng in.
Mt trong cc yu cu c bn i vi h truyn ng thang my l phi
m bo cho cabin chuyn ng m. Cho nn, vn quan trng nht t ra
i vi ngi thit k khng ch t c tc cao m l phi gii quyt
c nhng vn m cng ngh i hi, nh yu cu v iu chnh tc ,
gim c git ca cabin, trnh cm gic kh chu cho hnh khch giai
on khi ng v dng tng. V vy, cc tham s chnh c trng cho ch
lm vic ca thang my l tc di chuyn v [m/s], gia tc a [m/s
2
] v git
[m/s
3
].

T CB

T CB

T CB
M

T CB
n

A
1:
Nng y ti
A
2
:Gim tc
khi nng y ti,
H lm vic trng
thi ng c
CB tai DT
G G G + >
C
1
: Nng ti nh
C
2
: Gim tc khi
nng ti nh
H lm vic trng
thi hm ti sinh
CB tai DT
G G G + <
A
1
: H y ti
A
2
: Gim tc khi
h y ti
H lm vic trng
thi ng c
CB tai DT
G G G + <
C
1
: H ti nh
C
2
: Gim tc khi
h ti nh
H lm vic trng
thi hm ti sinh
CB tai DT
G G G + >


14

Biu lm vic ti u ca thang my tc trung bnh v tc cao
vi nm giai on chnh: m my, ch n nh, hm xung tc thp,
bung thang n tng v hm dng nh hnh 1.3.
Khi tc cabin t gi tr t (0,75 3,5) [m/s], gia tc ti u a s 2
[m/s
2
], gi tr ny ca gia tc nhm m bo nng sut cao, khng gy ra cm
gic kh chu cho hnh khch. Mt i lng na cng nh hng n s di
chuyn m ca cabin, l git (o hm bc nht ca gia tc
dt
da
=

hoc o hm bc hai ca tc
2
2
dt
v d
dt
da
= =
). Khi gi tr ca gia tc t
ti u a s 2 [m/s
2
] th git s 20 [m/s
3
].
M my Ch n nh
Hm xung
tc thp
n

t
n
g

H
m

d
n
g

a
t

a
s
v
a
0
, M/s
3
a, M/s
2
v, M/s
S, v
a, f
Hnh 1.3: Cc ng cong biu din s ph thuc ca qung ng S,
tc v, gia tc a v dt theo thi gian.


15
1.2.3. Yu cu v dng chnh xc, tit kim nng lng v an ton.
a. Dng chnh xc cabin
Bung thang ca thang my cn phi c dng chnh xc so vi mt
bng ca tng hnh khch v hng ha ra vo thun tin, gim thi gian
vo, ra nhm nng cao nng sut thang my. Sai lch v qung ng khi c
lnh dng bung thang c th c tnh theo biu thc sau:
) ( 4
2
0
0
c ph
M M i
D J
t v S
+ A =
e
(1-1)
Trong (1-1): v
0
l vn tc lc bt u hm, [m/s].
At thi gian tc ng ca thit b iu khin, [s].
J m men qun tnh quy i v cabin, [kgm
2
].
M
ph
m men phanh hm (ma st), [N].
M
c
m men cn tnh, [N].
e
0
tc quay ca ng c lc bt u hm, [rad/s].
D ng knh puly ko cp, [m].
i t s truyn.
Trong nhiu bin php nhm gim sai lch qung ng khi hm dng
nhm nng cao cp chnh xc dng my th bin php gim tc u trc
khi hm dng l hiu qu nht v sai lch t l vi bnh phng tc quay
ca ng c lc bt u hm (S ~ e
0
2
). iu ny, ph hp vi gin vn tc
trnh by trn hnh v 1-2. i vi thang my c vn tc trung bnh v nhanh
(v = 2,5 [m/s], a = 2 [m/s
2
]) th chnh xc dng my yu cu l (5 10)
[mm].
b. Tit kim nng lng
Cc vn nh gim thi gian vo, ra ca hnh khch hay hng ha,
chn la cc thit b c thi gian tc ng nhanh, cng l mt trong cc
bin php nng cao nng sut ca thang my. Nhng chnh vic s dng cc
h thng truyn ng in hin i mi thc s tit kim ng k v nng


16
lng cho n. i vi thang my chy chm (v s 0,5 [m/s]) s dng cc h
truyn ng ng c khng ng b mt vi cp tc , dng thang my bng
phanh hm in t cho nn tiu hao nhiu nng lng. Cc h truyn ng
hin i hn c th kt hp hm c kh v hm in (ch yu l hm ng
nng tiu hao nng lng trn in tr) vn khng ci thin c h s cng
sut (cos) v lm mo cc dng sng li in,...
Bng vic s dng b bin i tn s PWM cho php ng c nng h
cabin thang my lm vic c 4 gc phn t, cho php nng cao h s cng
sut (cos ~ 1), o chiu chuyn ng linh hot, rt ngn thi gian thao tc
vo, ra v dng ng cong dng v p gn hnh sin nht, mo khng ng
k. c bit l c th s dng hm ti sinh tr nng lng cho li in.
c. An ton khi vn hnh
i vi thang my hnh khch, cabin phi c trang b b phanh bo
him (phanh d). Phanh bo him gi cabin ti ch khi b t cp, mt in
v khi tc chuyn ng ca cabin vt qu t (20 40)% tc nh mc.
Phanh bo him thng c ch to theo ba kiu: Kiu nm, kiu lch
tm v kiu km. Trong , phanh bo him kiu km c s dng rng ri
hn, n m bo cho cabin dng m hn.
Phanh bo him thng c lp pha di cabin, cng vi kt cu ca
phanh bo him, cabin c trang b thm c cu hn ch tc kiu ly tm.
Khi cabin chuyn ng s lm b hn ch tc kiu ly tm quay, khi tc d
cabin vt qu gi tr ni trn th cabin c p cht vo thanh dn hng v
do , hn ch c tc ca cabin.
1.2.4. Tnh chn cng sut ng c
Tnh chn ng cng sut ng c truyn ng cho cabin ca mt
thang my c ngha ht sc quan trng, m bo s dng trit kh nng
pht nng ca dy qun my in, m bo c nng sut, nng cao hiu


17
sut h truyn ng v cos ca li in. c th tnh chn c cng
sut truyn ng cho cabin thang my 5 tng cn c cc s liu sau:
- Vn tc chuyn ng ca cabin: 60 m/pht (1m/s)
- Gia tc a = 1,5 m/s
2

- Trng lng cabin G
cb
= 320 kg
- Trng lng ti trng G = 600 kg (tng ng khong 10 ngi)
- ng knh puly cp D = 0,5 m
- Hiu sut q = 0,75
a. Xc nh ph ti tnh khi nng ti
Ph ti tnh l do trng lng ca: cabin, ti trng v i trng (trong
s ng hc c s dng dy cp cn bng cng chng loi vi dy cp ko
cho nn trng lng cp c b qua)
- Lc ko t ln puly khi nng ti:
n cb dt
F (G G G ).k.g = +
Trong : G l khi lng hng (kg)
G
cb
l khi lng cabin (kg)
G
dt
l khi lng i trng (kg)
k l h s tnh n ma st gia thanh dn hng v i trng
(k = 1.15 1.3)
g l gia tc trng trng
+ Khi lng i trng :
dt cb
G G G o = +
Vi o l h s cn bng o = ( 0.3 0.6), chn o = 0.4 ta tnh c
G
t
= 320 + 0,4.600 = 560 kg
+ Chn k = 1.2 ta tnh c lc ko t ln puly khi nng ti nh sau:
F
n
= (600 + 320 560).1,2.9,8 = 4.233,6 (N)
- Momen tng ng vi lc ko khi nng ti nh mc
n
n
F .R
M
i.q
=


18
Trong : R = 0.25 (m) l bn knh puly
i l t s truyn ca c cu (chn i = 30)
q l hiu sut ca c cu (chn q= 0.75)
47,04(Nm)
30.0,75
25 4.233,6.0,
M
n
= =

b. Xc nh ph ti tnh khi h ti
- Lc ko t ln puly khi h vi ti nh mc
F
h
= (G
t
G
cb
G).k.g = (560 320 600).1,2.9.8 = 4.233,6 (N)
- Momen tng ng vi lc ko khi h ti nh mc:
26,46(Nm) .0,75
30
25 4.233,6.0,
i
R F
M
h
h
=
= =

c. Xc nh th ph ti, h s ng in tng i
Mun xc nh c h s ng in tng i cn phi xy dng
th ph ti tnh. thun tin cho tnh ton ta c mt s gi thit sau:
- Cabin lun y ti (10 hnh khch).
- Qua mi tng cabin ch dng mt ln n tr khch.
- Thi gian vo/ ra cabin c tnh gn ng 1s/ 1 ngi.
- Thi giam m ca cabin l 1s/ 1 ln.
- Thi giam ng ca cabin l 1s/ 1 ln.
- Gi s mi tng c mt ngi ra th c mt ngi vo th thi gian
ngh s l: t
ng
= 4s.
Tra bng 3-1 [Sch TB-T My cng nghip dng chung, trang 31]
th thi gian m my v hm my l:
T
k
= t
h
= 0,9 (s)
Qung ng i c trong thi giam m my v hm my l:

0,6(m)
2
1,5.0,9
2
t . a
S S
2 2
k
h k
= = = =

Thi gian chuyn ng ca cabin gia hai tng lin tip l:


19

2,8(s)
1
0,6 0,6 4
v
S S H
t
h k
=

=

=

Thi gian lm vic ca cabin gia hai tng lin tip l:
t
lv
= t
k
+ t + t
h
= 0,9 + 2,8 + 0,9 = 4,6 (s)
Gi thit khi ln tng trn cng c 10 hnh khch cng ra ht v li c
10 hnh khch mi vo cabin i xung tng di. Nh vy, thi gian ngh
khi ny l:
t
0
= 1 + 10.1 + 10.1 + 1 = 22 (s)
Khi xung vi gi thit c vn tc v gia tc gi khng i nn t
lv
(4,6
s) v t
ng
(4 s)

nh khi i ln. Gi thit khi tng 1 c 10 hnh khch cng ra ht
v li c 10 hnh khch mi vo cabin i ln tng trn. Nh vy, thi gian
ngh khi ny l:
t
0
= t
0
= 1 + 10.1 + 10.1 + 1 = 22 (s)
Chu k lm vic ca thang my l:
t
ck
= 4.t
lv
+ 4.t
ng
+ 2.t
0
= 4.4,6 + 4.4 + 2.22 = 78,4 (s)
th ph ti tnh xy dng c nh sau:

T th ph ti xc nh c h s ng in tng i:

23% .100
78,4
4.4,6
.100
t
t
ck
lv
d
= = =

d. Xc nh cng sut ng c
M men ng tr ca ng c xc nh theo biu ph ti tnh:
t
0
t
lv
t
ng
t
0

M (Nm)
t (s)
0


20
26,189(Nm)
78,4
.4.4,6) (26,46) .4.4,6 ((47,04)
t
t M
M
2 2
ck
lv
2
i
=
+
= =

Quy chun v loi 25% ta c cng sut ng c:

25,119(Nm)
25
23
26,189
M M
tc
tt
tt c
= = =

Cng sut ng c l:

3.014(W) .30
0,25
1
25,119. i .
R
v
M . M P
c c
= = = =

Chn ng c c sng sut P > 3,014 (kW)
1.3. NGHIN CU CC H TRUYN NG IN HIN I DNG
TRONG THANG MY.
Nhn chung khi thit k h thng trang b in - in t dng cho thang
my, vic la chn mt h truyn ng, chn loi ng c phi da trn cc
yu cu sau:
- chnh xc khi dng.
- Tc di chuyn ca cabin.
- Gia tc ln nht cho php.
- Phm vi iu chnh tc .
Hin nay h truyn ng hin i thng c dng trong thang my l
iu khin tn s ng c khng ng b v gn y nht bt u s dng
ng c ng b kch t nam chm vnh cu.
1.3.1. La chn bin tn
Cc b bin tn c chia thnh 2 loi chnh:
+ BBT ph thuc (hay BBT trc tip cycloconverter) ; loi ny bin
i thng dng in xoay chiu tn s f
1
thnh f
2
khng qua khu chnh lu
CL nn hiu sut cao hn loi trn nhng vic thay i tn s ra kh khn v
ph thuc vo tn s f
1


21

+ BBT c lp (hay BBT gin tip autonom inverter) hay cn gi l BBT
trung gian.

Trong BBT loi ny, dng in xoay chiu u vo tn s f
1
c chnh
lu thnh dng in mt chiu (tn s f = 0), lc ri li c bin i thnh
dng xoay chiu tn s f
2
.
Hin nay ch dng BBT gin tip (BBT trung gian) vi b chnh lu
dng Diode v Thyristor.
Chnh lu l qu trnh bin i nng lng dng in xoay chiu thnh
nng lng dng in mt chiu, c in p n nh v cht lng cao. Chnh
lu c phn loi theo nhiu cch: theo s pha ngun cp cho mch van (3
pha, 6 pha), theo loi van bn dn (chnh lu khng iu khin, chnh lu iu
khin, chnh lu bn iu khin) v phn loi theo s mc van (hnh tia,
hnh cu).
B chnh lu diode v thyristor c lch s gn nm mi nm v
chng c nh ngha nh mt thit b in t cng sut c in, c ng
dng rng ri nht trong thc t.
u im: Chnh lu diode v thyristor c cc u im nh: n gin,
bn v gi thnh thp.
Nhc im: - Dng in cha nhiu sng iu ho bc cao lm nh
hng n cht lng in nng.
~ f
1
,U
1
~ f
2
,U
2
~f
2
~f
1
=

=

BBT BCL

BB MCXC

F

~f
1
,U
1
~f
1
~f
2
BBT

~f
2
,U
2


22
- Gy ra h s cng sut thp.
- Cc b chnh lu dng diode v thyristor ch dn nng lng theo
mt chiu dn n kh trao i nng lng gia ng c v li. V vy,
nng lng khng th c tr v li t ng c m b tiu hao trn cc in
tr c iu khin bi cc ngt in ni dc theo mch mt chiu. Phng
php ci tin vn ny l dng hm dp nng lng mch mt chiu hoc
dng b chnh lu lm vic ch nghch lu tr v li.
Do cc nhc im ca b chnh lu c i hi phi tm ra mt b
chnh lu mi tho mn cc iu kin:
- Cha t sng iu ho bc cao.
- H s cos cao.
- Nng lng chy c theo theo hai chiu.
Nh vy vn t ra y l phi tm ra mt loi chnh lu t n tho
mn nhng yu cu nu trn.
Nhng nm gn y ngi ta a ra cu trc bin tn s dng b chnh
lu PWM khc phc nhng nhc im trn. Bin tn ny c th hot
ng trn c bn gc phn t nn cn gi l bin tn 4 gc phn t (4Q). S
ra i ca loi bin tn ny mang li mt gii php k thut mi vi nhiu u
im vt tri so vi cc loi bin tn ngun p thng thng.


23
1.3.2. La chn ng c
a. ng c khng ng b (ASM Asynchronous Machine)
ng c khng ng b c kt cu n gin, chc chn, vn hnh an
ton v s dng ngun cung cp trc tip t li in xoay chiu ba pha. Tuy
nhin, vn iu khin ng c xoay chiu ni chung v ng c khng
ng b ni ring phc tp hn ng c mt chiu v s rt phc tp nu i
hi hiu xut cao. Nguyn nhn c bn l c nhiu quan h phi tuyn (n, M,
I), x l phc tp cc tn hiu hi tip, iu khin phc tp ngun cung cp c
in p v tn s bin thin. V vy, trc y cc h truyn ng in ng
c khng ng b ba pha c iu chnh tc chim t l t so vi ng c
mt chiu. Trong thi gian gn y do s pht trin ca cng ngh ch to
bn dn cng sut v k thut in t tin hc cng vi nhng thnh tu trng
vic nghin cu l thuyt iu chnh t ng ng c xoay chiu, nhng u
th ca ng c khng ng b, c bit l ng c rto lng sc so vi ng
c mt chiu v mt kt cu, vn hnh v sa cha c khai thc trit .
Xu th hin nay l ng dng iu khin vect vo cc h iu khin chuyn
ng.
Cc h thng iu chnh tc ng c xoay chiu c yu cu cao v
gii iu chnh v tnh cht ng hc ch c th thc hin c vi cc b
bin tn. Cc h ny s dng ng c khng ng b roto lng sc c kt cu
n gin, vng chc, gi thnh r, c th lm vic trong mi mi trng phc
tp. Trong lnh vc iu khin thang my, phng n truyn ng s dng
ng c lng sc iu khin bng bin tn iu khin ng c truyn ng
cabin hin nay ang l phng n c s dng rng ri nht thay th cho cc
phng n dng ng c mt chiu v ng c rto dy qun, c th thay i
kh nng khi ng v hm nhm gim git cho cabin, iu chnh tc
trn hon ton, cht lng iu chnh cao, d dng vn hnh.


24
b. ng c ng b
ng c ng b ba pha, trc y thng dng cho loi truyn ng
khng iu chnh tc , cng sut ln hng trm KW n hng MW (truyn
ng cho my bm, my nn kh, qut gi, my nghin,). Ngy nay, do s
pht trin mnh m ca cng nghip in t, cng nghip vt liu, ng c
ng b c nghin cu ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip, mi di cng
sut t vi trm W (truyn ng n dao trn my ct kim loi, dn ng cc
khp ca tay my,), n hng MW (truyn ng ko tu cao tc TGV, my
nghin, my cn thp,).
ng c ng b lun lun m bo quay ng b v cng tn s vi
ngun in, ch cn ngun in gi c in p v tn s tuyt i khng
i. Thit b c kch thc nh nh chic ng h quay nh gi, ln n mc
nh cc ng c ng b c ln trong h thng my pht mt chiu u s
dng c im quay vi tc gc khng i.
ng c ng b cn c mt u im ni bt l c th iu chnh c
h s cng sut cu n bng cc phng php kch t, c th lm cho h s
cng sut cao hn 1 (cos > 1). Trong mt nh my ch cn s dng mt vi
ng c ng b vi dung lng rt ln truyn ng cho cc ph ti yu cu
tc bt bin (chng hn nh my bm, my nn kh) l c th ci thin
c cng sut ca ton nh my.
ng c ng b (c bit l loi cng sut ln) khi khi ng rt phc
tp, lc nghim trng c th pht sinh dao ng mnh in p ca li in
gy ra nguy him cho li in, cho cc ph ti ln cn v cho chnh ng c
ng b. Ngoi ra, cc vn dao ng v mt ng b khi ti trng ln cng
cn l tr ngi khi s dng ng c ng b. V vy, tr khi c nhng yu
cu c bit, cc thit b cng nghip ni chung rt t dng n ng c ng
b.


25
1.4. Kt lun
Qua cc nh gi v phn tch trn y c th a ra nh hng v
phng n truyn ng s s dng cho thang my l: B bin i tn s dng
chnh lu PWM - ng c in khng ng b. S b nh gi h ny p
ng tng i y cc yu cu v k thut, v tit kim nng lng, v
dng chnh xc cabin v an ton vn hnh thang my.


26
CHNG II
NGHIN CU M HNH TON HC
V PHNG PHP IU KHIN TN S
NG C KHNG NG B ROTOR LNG SC

Nh phn tch chng 1, phng n truyn ng cho thang my
hin nay thng dng l h thng b bin i tn s (dng chnh lu PWM) -
ng c khng ng b (ASM Asynchronous Machine). Trong chng 2, ta
s i nghin cu c th v h truyn ng ny.
2.1. M hnh ton hc nhiu bin ca ng c khng ng b ba pha
Mun nng cao cht lng ca h thng iu tc bin tn - ng c xoay
chiu, ci thin phng php thit k, trc tin phi lm r bn cht trng
thi ng ca ng c xoay chiu thng qua m hnh ton hc.
2.1.1. c im ca m hnh ton hc trng thi ng ca ng c
khng ng b
Khi nghin cu v ng c in mt chiu ta nhn thy: T thng ca
ng c in loi ny c sinh ra bi cun dy kch t, c th c xc lp
t trc m khng tham gia vo qu trnh ng ca h thng (tr khi iu tc
bng iu chnh t thng). V vy m hnh ton hc trng thi ng ca n
ch c mt bin vo ( l in p mch rotor) v mt bin ra ( l tc
quay). Trong i tng iu khin c cha hng s thi gian in c T
m
v
hng s thi gian in t mch in rotor T
e
, nu tnh c thit b chnh lu
iu khin tiristor vo th cn c c hng s thi gian tr t ca khi chnh
lu. Trong ng dng k thut, iu kin cho trc mt h s cho php c
th biu din h thng tuyn tnh cp III thnh h thng mt bin s (mt vo,
mt ra), v hon ton c th ng dng l thuyt iu khin tuyn tnh kinh
in v phng php thit k k thut thc dng v t pht trin ra tin
hnh phn tch v thit k.


27
Tuy nhin, l lun v phng php ni trn khi vn dng vo vic phn
tch v thit k h thng iu tc xoay chiu th gp kh nhiu kh khn, phi
a ra mt s gi thit mi c th nhn c s cu trc trng thi ng
gn ng, bi v so snh gia m hnh ton hc ca ng c in xoay chiu
v m hnh ng c in mt chiu c s khc nhau kh cn bn:
(1) Lc iu tc bin tn ng c khng ng b cn phi tin hnh iu
khin phi hp in p v tn s, c hai bin s u vo c lp l in p v
tn s, nu kho st in p 3 pha th bin s u vo thc t phi tng ln.
Trong bin s u ra, ngoi tc quay, t thng cng c tnh l mt tham
s c lp. Bi v ng c ch c mt ngun in 3 pha, vic xc lp t thng
v s thay i tc quay l tin hnh ng thi, nhng mun c cht lng
ng tt, cn mun iu khin i vi t thng, lm cho n khng thay i
trong trng thi ng, mi c th khai thc c m men ln hn. V nhng
nguyn nhn ny nn ng c khng ng b l mt h thng nhiu bin s
(nhiu u vo, nhiu u ra), m gia in p (dng in), tn s, t thng,
tc quay li c nh hng ln nhau, nn n l h thng nhiu bin c quan
h vi nhau rt cht ch. Trc khi tm ra m hnh ton hc r rng, c th
dng s hnh 2.1 biu din.
(2) Trong ng c khng ng b, t thng ko theo dng in sinh ra
m men quay, tc quay ko theo t thng nhn c sc in ng cm
ng quay, bi v chng ng thi bin i, nn trong m hnh ton hc c
cha hai bin nhn vi nhau, nh vy, d khng kho st nhn t bo ho t,
m m hnh ton hc cng l phi tuyn.


28

(3) Mch stator ng c khng ng b c 3 nhm cun dy, mi mt
nhm khi sn sinh t thng u c qun tnh in t ring ca n, li thm
vo qun tnh c in ca h thng chuyn ng, v th d cho khng xt ti
yu t chm sau trong thit b bin tn, th m hnh ton hc ng c khng
ng b t nht cng l h thng bc 7.
Tm li, m hnh ton hc ng c khng ng b l h thng nhiu
bin, bc cao, phi tuyn, rng buc nhau rt cht, h thng iu tc bin tn
ly n lm i tng c th c th hin bng h thng nhiu bin nh trn
hnh 2.2.


29
2.1.2. M hnh ton hc nhiu bin ca ng c KB ba pha
Khi nghin cu m hnh ton hc nhiu bin ca ng c khng ng
b, thng phi a ra mt s gi thit nh sau:
(1) B qua sng hi khng gian, coi 3 cun dy 3 pha i xng nhau (v
khng gian chng cch nhau 120
0
, sc in ng c sinh ra phn b theo
quy lut hnh sin dc theo khe h xung quanh;
(2) B qua bo ho mch t, t cm v h cm ca cc cun dy u l
tuyn tnh;
(3) B qua tn hao trong li st t; khng xt ti nh hng ca tn s
v thay i ca nhit i vi in tr cun dy. D cho rotor ng c l
loi dy qun hay lng sc u chuyn i v rotor dy qun ng tr, ng
thi chuyn i v pha mch stator, s vng qun mi pha sau khi chuyn
i u bng nhau, nh vy, nhm cun dy ca ng c thc t c ng
tr thnh m hnh vt l ng c khng ng b 3 pha nh trn hnh 2.3.
Trong hnh, trc ca cc cun dy 3 pha A, B, C trn stator l c nh, ly trc
A lm trc ta chun, ng trc ca cc cun dy trn rotor a, b, c l
quay theo rotor, ng trc a ca rotor lm vi ng trc A ca stator mt
gc u, gc in u ny chnh l lng bin thin gc pha khng gian. ng
thi quy nh chiu dng ca in p, dng in, t thng (t thng mc
vng) ph hp vi thng l ca ng c in v quy tc bn tay phi. Lc
ny, m hnh ton hc ca ng c khng ng b c hnh thnh bi cc
phng trnh in p, t thng, m men v phng trnh chuyn ng.
2.1.2.1. Phng trnh in p
Phng trnh cn bng in p ca nhm cun dy mch stator 3 pha l:


30

A
A A 1
B
B B 1
C
C C 1
d
u i R
dt
d
u i R
dt
d
u i R
dt
= +
= +
= +

tng ng vi n, phng trnh i xng in p ca nhm cun dy mch
rotor 3 pha sau khi tnh chuyn i v mch stator l:

a
a a 2
b
b b 2
c
c c 2
d
u i R
dt
d
u i R
dt
d
u i R
dt
= +
= +
= +

trong : u
A
, u
B
, u
C
, u
a
, u
b
, u
c
l gi tr tc thi ca in p pha stator v rotor;


31
i
A
, i
B
, i
C
, i
a
, i
b
, i
c
l gi tr tc thi ca dng in pha stator v rotor;

A
,
B
,
C
,
a
,
b
,
c
l t thng ca cc cun dy cc pha;
R
1
, R
2
l in tr cun dy mt pha stator v rotor.
Cc i lng trn u tnh i v mch stator, n gin, cc k
hiu gc trn ca cc i lng sau khi quy i u lc b i, v
di y cng s nh vy.
Phng trnh in p c vit dng ma trn, ng thi dng ton t p
thay cho k hiu vi phn d/dt:

A A A 1
B B B 1
C C C 1
a a a 2
b b b 2
c c c 2
u i R 0 0 0 0 0
u i 0 R 0 0 0 0
u i 0 0 R 0 0 0
p
u i 0 0 0 R 0 0
u i 0 0 0 0 R 0
u i 0 0 0 0 0 R
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= +
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

( ( ( (
( ( ( (

(2.1)
hoc vit thnh:
u = Ri + p+ (2.1a)
2.1.2.2. Phng trnh t thng
T thng ca mi nhm cun dy u l tng ca t thng t cm ca
bn thn n v t thng h cm ca cc nhm cun dy khc i vi n, v
vy t thng ca 6 cun dy c biu din bng phng trnh ma trn sau:

A AA AB AC Aa Ab Ac A
B BA BB BC Ba Bb Bc B
C CA CB CC Ca Cb Cc C
a aA aB aC aa ab ac a
b bA bB bC ba bb bc b
c cA cB cC ca cb cc c
L L L L L L i
L L L L L L i
L L L L L L i
L L L L L L i
L L L L L L i
L L L L L L i
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
( ( (

(2.2)
hoc vit thnh:
+ = Li (2.2a)


32
trong L l ma trn in cm 6 6, vi cc phn t trn ng cho chnh
L
AA
, L
BB
, L
CC
, L
aa
, L
bb
, L
cc
l t cm ca cc cun dy stator v rotor ba pha,
cc phn t khc cn li l h cm gia cc cun dy.
Trn thc t, t thng mc vng gia cc cun dy ca ng c c hai
loi: mt loi l t thng tn (r) ch lin quan n mt cun dy no ch
khng xuyn qua khe h, cn mt nhm na l t thng h cm xuyn qua
khe h gia chng, m loi sau l ch yu. in cm tng ng vi t thng
tn ca cc pha ca mch stator c gi l in cm tn stator L
t1
, do cc pha
c tnh i xng, gi tr in cm tn ca cc pha l bng nhau; tng t, t
thng tn ca cc pha mch rotor tng ng vi in cm tn mch rotor L
t2
,
t thng h cm cc i mc vng gia cc cun dy trn mt pha ca stator
tng ng vi h cm stator L
m1
, t thng h cm cc i mc vng gia cc
cun dy trn mt pha ca rotor tng ng vi h cm rotor L
m2
, do sau khi
tnh quy i s vng qun trn nhm cun dy stator v rotor l bng nhau, v
t thng h cm gia cc cun dy u i qua khe h, t tr bng nhau, nn
c th coi L
m1
= L
m2
.
i vi cun dy trn mi mt pha m ni, t thng m n mc vng l
tng ca t thng h cm v t thng tn, v vy, t cm ca cc pha trn
mch stator l:
L
AA
= L
BB
= L
CC
= L
m1
+ L
t1
(2.3)
t cm ca cc pha trn mch rotor l:
L
aa
= L
bb
= L
cc
= L
m1
+ L
t2
(2.4)
Gia hai cun dy khc nhau ch c h cm. H cm li phn thnh hai
loi:
(1) H cm gia 3 pha ca stator v h cm gia 3 pha ca rotor u l
c nh, nn h cm ny l hng s;
(2) H cm gia mt pha bt k ca stator vi mt pha bt k ca rotor
l thay i, h cm l hm s ca chuyn v gc u.


33
Trc tin nghin cu loi th nht, bi v chnh lch gc pha gia
ng trc cun dy ca 3 pha l 120
0
, vi iu kin gi thit t thng phn
b hnh sin, tr s h cm l:
L
m1
cos120
0
= L
m1
cos(-120
0
) =
m1
1
L
2
;
Do :
L
AB
= L
BC
= L
CA
= L
BA
= L
CB
= L
AC
=
m1
1
L
2
(2.5)
L
ab
= L
bc
= L
ca
= L
ba
= L
cb
= L
ac
=
m1
1
L
2
(2.6)
Ring v loi th hai h cm gia cc cun dy trn stator v trn rotor,
do s khc nhau gia v tr cc pha (xem hnh 8.41), nn ln lt l:
L
Aa
= L
aA
= L
bB
= L
Bb
= L
Cc
= L
cC
= L
m1
cosu (2.7)
L
Ab
= L
bA
= L
Bc
= L
Cb
= L
Ca
= L
Ac
= L
m1
cos(u + 120
0
) (2.8)
L
Ac
= L
cA
= L
Ba
= L
aB
= L
bC
= L
Cb
= L
m1
cos(u - 120
0
) (2.9)
Khi ng trc cc cun dy hai pha ca rotor v stator trng nhau, tr s
h cm gia chng l ln nht, v l L
m1
.
em cc biu thc (2.3), (2.4), (2.5), (2.6), (2.7), (2.8), (2.9) thay vo
biu thc (2.2) s c phng trnh t thng hon chnh, r rng l phng
trnh ma trn ny rt s. n gin ngn gn, c th vit n di dng
ma trn khi:

ss sr s s
rs rr r r
L L i
L L i
( ( (
=
( ( (

(2.10)
trong : +
s
= [
A

B

C
]
T
,
+
r
= [
a

b

c
]
T
,
i
s
= [i
A
i
B
i
B
]
T
,
i
r
= [i
a
i
b
i
c
]
T
,


34

m1 t1 m1 m1
ss m1 m1 t1 m1
m1 m1 m1 t1
1 1
L L L L
2 2
1 1
L L L L L
2 2
1 1
L L L L
2 2
(
+
(
(
(
= +
(
(
(
+
(

(2.11)

m1 t 2 m1 m1
rr m1 m1 t 2 m1
m1 m1 m1 t 2
1 1
L L L L
2 2
1 1
L L L L L
2 2
1 1
L L L L
2 2
(
+
(
(
(
= +
(
(
(
+
(

(2.12)

0 0
T 0 0
rs sr m1
0 0
cos cos( 120 ) cos( 120 )
L L L cos( 120 ) cos cos( 120 )
cos( 120 ) cos( 120 ) cos
( u u u+
(
= = u+ u u
(
(
u u+ u

(2.13)
iu cn ch l, hai ma trn khi L
rs
v L
sr
c th i ch cho nhau, v
lin quan ti v tr u ca rotor, phn t ca chng l bin s, l mt trong
nhng nguyn nhn lm cho h thng phi tuyn. lm cho tham s tr
thnh hng s cn phi dng php bin i ta , vn ny s c nghin
cu chi tit phn sau.
Nu thay phng trnh t thng (tc l phng trnh 2.2a) vo phng
trnh in p (2.1a), s nhn c phng trnh sau khai trin:

di dL
u Ri p(Li) Ri L i
dt dt
di dL
Ri L i
dt d
= + = = +
= + + e
u
(2.14)
Trong s hng
di
L
dt
l sc in ng p mch trong sc in ng cm
ng in t (hoc sc in ng bin p), s hng
dL
i
d
e
u
l sc in ng
quay trong sc in ng cm ng in t, n t l thun vi tc gc e.


35
2.1.2.3. Phng trnh chuyn ng
Trong trng hp tng qut, phng trnh chuyn ng ca h thng
truyn ng in c dng:
t c
p p p
J d D K
M M
n dt n n
e
= + + e+ u
(2.15)
Trong : M
c
l m men ph ti (m men cn);
J l m men qun tnh ca h truyn ng;
D l h s cn m men cn t l vi tc quay;
K l h s n hi m men quay;
n
p
l s i cc.
i vi ph ti m men khng i, D = 0, K = 0, th:
t c
p
J d
M M
n dt
e
= +
(2.16)
2.1.2.4. Phng trnh m men
Da vo nguyn l bin i nng lng in c, trong ng c nhiu
cun dy, nng lng in t trong ng c l :

T T
m
1 1
W i i Li
2 2
= =
(2.17)
Cn m men in t bng o hm ring i vi chuyn v gc u
m
ca
nng lng in t trong ng c, khi dng in khng i ch c mt bin l
chuyn v gc u
m
thay i, v u
m
= u/n
p
, v vy :

m m
t p
i const m
i const
W W
M n
=
=
c c
= =
cu cu
(2.18)
Ly cng thc (2.17) thay vo (2.18), ng thi xt ti quan h ca cng
thc (2.11) (2.12) trong ma trn con ca in cm:


36

sr
T T
t p p
rs
0 L
1 L 1
M n i i n i i
2 2
L 0
c
(
(
c
cu
= =
(
c cu
(
(
cu
(2.19)
Li bi v i
T
= [i
s
T
i
r
T
] = [i
A
i
B
i
B
i
a
i
b
i
c
], ly biu thc (2.13) thay vo
biu thc (2.19) ri khai trin ta c:

T T rs sr
t p r s s r
0
p m1 A a B b C c A b B c C a
0
A c B a C b
L L 1
M n i i i i
2
n L [(i i i i i i )sin (i i i i i i )sin( 120 )
(i i i i i i )sin( 120 )]
c c
(
= +

(
cu cu

= + + u+ + + u+ +
`
+ + u

)
(2.20)
Cn phi ch ra rng, cc cng thc trn u l tuyn tnh v nhn c
iu kin gi thit t trng phn b u trn mch t v c dng hnh sin
trong khng gian, nhng th ca dng in mch stator v rotor th khng
chu bt c iu kin gi thit rng buc no, chng c th l tu . Cng thc
ny cng c th nhn c trc tip t cng thc c bn khi vt th dn in
chu lc trong t trng.
2.1.2.5. M hnh ton hc ng c khng ng b ba pha
Tp hp cc cng thc (2.14), (2.16) v (2.19) [hoc cng thc 2.20] vo
lm mt s c m hnh ton hc nhiu bin s ca ng c khng ng b
3 pha khi chu ti m men khng i.

T
p c
p
di L
u Ri L i
dt
1 L J d
n i i M
2 n dt
c
(
= + +e
(
cu
(
c e
(
= +
(
cu

(2.21)
v:
d
dt
u
e=

H phng trnh trn cng c th vit thnh dng tiu chun ca phng
trnh trng thi phi tuyn:


37

1 1
T
p T 0
c
di L
L (R )i L u
dt
n
n d L
i i M
dt 2J J
d
dt

c
= +e +
cu
e c
=
cu
u
= e
(2.22)
2.2. Gii thiu v iu khin tn s ng c khng ng b
i vi ng c in khng ng b th tn s l thng s iu khin
rt quan trng. iu khin tn s l phng php iu khin kinh in, tuy n
i hi k thut cao v phc tp v xut pht t bn cht v nguyn l lm
vic ca ng c l phn cm v phn ng khng tch bit.
Mt s yu cu cht lng iu chnh nng cao th cc phng php kinh
in kh p ng c. Khi , phi s dng cc phng php iu khin
ch yu sau:
1. iu khin v hng (SFC: Scalar Frequency Control).
2. iu khin nh hng theo t trng (FOC: Field Oriented Control)
3. iu khin trc tip momen (DTC: Direct Toque Control)
2.2.1. iu khin v hng (SFC: Scalar Frequency Control):
Thc cht ca phng php iu khin v hng (U/f bng hng s) l
gi cho t thng stator (
s
) khng i trong sut qu trnh iu chnh. Khi
iu khin tn s, nu gi t thng khe h khng i th ng c s c s
dng hiu qu nht, tc l c kh nng sinh mmen ln nht. Do nhng u
im sn c ca cc ng c khng ng b m cc h truyn ng ca chng
cng tha hng tnh kinh t v tnh chc chn.


38

Phng php ny d thc hin tuy vy vn cn tn ti nhc im: tn
tht cng sut P A v lng tiu th cng sut phn khng Q khng phi l
nh nht, n nh tc gp kh khn, mc d h truyn ng n gin
nhng c hn ch v chnh xc tc v p ng mmen km. H truyn
ng khng th m bo iu khin c cc p ng v mmen v t thng.
Cho nn, iu khin v hng c ng dng trong cng nghip khi yu cu
khng cao v iu chnh su tc .
Cu trc c bn ca h truyn ng theo phng php iu khin v
hng c biu din trn hnh 2.4. S cu trc gm hai phn:
Phn lc gm: CL l khi chnh lu dng bin i in p xoay chiu
ca mng in cng nghip thnh in p mt chiu cp cho khi nghch lu;
NL l khi nghch lu thng dng cc kho ng ct IGBT, thc hin bin
i in p mt chiu U
dc
u ra khi CL thnh in p xoay chiu cung cp
cho ng c; C l ng c khng ng b ba pha rotor lng sc; C l t lc.
Phn iu khin gm: Khu to tn hiu khng ch nghch lu theo
nguyn l iu chnh rng xung (Driver NL PWM); b iu chnh bin
in p ra nghch lu (CA); cc sensor o dng (SI) v o tc (TG); khu
Hnh 2.4: Cu trc iu khin v hng h truyn
ng bin tn- ng c khng ng b
A
CL
NL
C
TS
XL
TH

t tn s ra NL
BD
f

i
a
i
b

U

CA
U
dc
Driver
NL
PWM
-

|I
S
a
,S
b
,S
c
B C
TG
SI
ASM


39
bin i dng ba pha ca ng c thnh in p mt chiu t l vi gi tr hiu
dng dng in mt pha (BD); XL l khu gia cng tn hiu dng in v
tc ng c phc v cho mc ch n nh ng h thng; tn hiu t tc
ca h (TH) c a n khi t tn s quyt nh tn s ra ca
NL, ng thi TH li c tng hp vi tn hiu u ra ca XL khng
ch bin in p ra ca bin tn; cc tn hiu S
a
, S
b
, S
c
l cc chui xung
dng khng ch cc kho IGBT trong ba pha ca nghch lu. Vic khng
ch qui lut thay i tn s giai on khi ng do TS quyt nh, cn vic
iu chnh in p c thc hin bi CA.
2.2.2. iu khin nh hng theo t trng (FOC: Field Oriented
Control):
iu khin nh hng theo t trng cn gi l iu khin vect, c
th p ng cc yu cu iu chnh trong ch tnh v ng. Nguyn l iu
khin vect da trn tng iu khin vect ng c khng ng b tng
t nh iu khin ng c mt chiu. Phng php ny p ng c yu cu
iu chnh ca h thng trong qu trnh qu cng nh cht lng iu
khin ti u mmen. Vic iu khin vect da trn nh hng vect t
thng rto c th cho php iu khin tch ri hai thnh phn dng stator, t
c th iu khin c lp t thng v mmen ng c. Knh iu khin
mmen thng gm mt mch vng iu chnh tc v mt mch vng
iu chnh thnh phn dng in sinh mmen. Knh iu khin t thng
thng gm mt mch vng iu chnh dng in sinh t thng. Do h
thng truyn ng in ng c khng ng b c th to c cc c tnh
tnh v ng cao, so snh c vi ng c mt chiu.
T m hnh ton hc ng c khng ng b l mt h thng nhiu bin,
bc cao, phi tuyn, nhiu rng buc cht ch, thng qua php bin i ta ,
c th lm n h bc ng thi n gin ho, nhng vn cha thay i bn
cht tnh phi tuyn v nhiu bin s ca n. Cht lng ng ca h thng
iu tc bin tn khng c nh mong mun, tham s ca b iu chnh rt


40
kh thit k chnh xc, vn chnh l ch i theo khi nim h thng
iu khin mt bin s m cha xt ti bn cht phi tuyn, nhiu bin s. V
vn ny nhiu nh chuyn mn dy cng nghin cu, n nm 1971
c 2 cng trnh nghin cu: Nguyn l iu khin nh hng t trng
ng c khng ng b do F. Blaschke ca hng Seamens Cng ho Lin
bang c thc hin, v iu khin bin i ta in p stator ng c
cm ng do P.C. Custman v A.A. Clark M t c kt qu tt, v
c cng b trong sng ch pht minh ca h. Tri qua nhiu ci tin lin
tc hnh thnh c h thng iu tc bin tn iu khin vector m ngy
nay tr nn rt ph bin.
Da quy tc ca php chuyn i l to ra sc in ng quay ng b,
dng in xoay chiu mch stator i
A
, i
B
, i
C
qua php bin i 3/2, c th
chuyn i tng tng thnh dng in xoay chiu ta c nh 2 pha
i
o1
, i
|1
; sau li thng qua php bin i quay theo nh hng t trng
rotor, c th chuyn i tng ng thnh dng in mt chiu i
M1
, i
T1
trn
h ta quay ng b.

Hnh 2.5. S cu trc bin i ta ng c khng ng b.
Trong : 3/2: Bin i 3 pha thnh 2 pha; VR: Bin i quay
ng b; : Gc gia trc M v trc o (Trc A)


41
Nu ngi quan st ng trn li st t v cng quay vi h ta , th
ngi quan st s thy nh l mt ng c mt chiu, tng t thng
2
ca
rotor ng c xoay chiu ban u chnh l t thng ng c in mt chiu
tng ng. Cun dy M tng ng vi cun dy kch t ca ng c
mt chiu, i
M1
(hay i
d1
) tng ng vi dng in kch t, cun dy T tng
ng vi cun dy phn ng gi c nh, i
T1
(hay i
q1
) tng ng vi dng
in phn ng v t l thun vi m men.
T quan h tng ng trn y c th m t dng s cu trc ca
ng c nh trn hnh 2.5. V tng th m ni, u vo 3 pha A, B, C, u ra
tc gc e, l mt ng c khng ng b, qua php bin i 3/2 v bin
i quay ng b tr thnh mt ng c mt chiu u vo i
M1
, i
T1
v u ra
e.
ng c khng ng b qua bin i ta c th tr thnh ng c
mt chiu tng ng, nh vy phng theo phng php iu khin ng c
mt chiu, tm ra lng iu khin ca ng c mt chiu, qua php bin i
ngc ta tng ng, li c th iu khin ng c khng ng b. Bi v
i tng phi tin hnh bin i ta l vector khng gian (c c trng
bng sc t ng) ca dng in, cho nn thng qua h thng iu khin
thc hin chuyn i ta c gi l h thng iu khin chuyn i
vector (Transvector Control System), gi tt l h thng iu khin vector
(Vector Control System), tng ca s nh trn hnh 2.6.

Hnh 2.6. Tng cu trc h thng iu khin vect


42

Trong tn hiu cho trc v tn hiu phn hi i qua b iu khin
tng t nh h thng iu tc mt chiu dng, tn hiu t dng in kch
t
*
M1
i
v tn hiu t dng in mch rotor
*
T1
i
, i qua b chuyn i quay
VR
-1
, nhn c
* *
1 1
i , i
o |
, tip tc i qua php chuyn i 2 pha/3 pha nhn
c
* * *
A1 B1 C1
i , i , i . S dng ba dng in ny iu khin cng vi tn hiu iu
khin tn s e
1
nhn c t b iu khin khng ch b bin tn iu
khin dng in, to ra dng in bin tn 3 pha m ng c iu tc yu cu.
Khi thit k h thng iu khin vector, c th cho rng b chuyn i
quay ngc VR
-1
a vo pha sau b iu khin v khu chuyn i quay VR
trong bn thn ng c trit tiu nhau, b chuyn i 2/3 v b chuyn i 3/2
pha trong ng c trit tiu nhau, nu tip tc b qua tr do b bin tn sinh
ra, phn nt t trong khung trn hnh 2.6 c th b i hon ton, phn cn li
rt ging vi h thng iu tc mt chiu. C th tng tng rng, tnh nng
trng thi tnh v ng ca h thng iu tc bin tn xoay chiu iu khin
vector hon ton tng ng vi h thng iu tc mt chiu.
i vi cc h truyn ng bin tn - ng c xoay chiu th cu trc
iu khin vector ta theo t thng rotor l mt trong nhng cu trc iu
khin hin i nht. Cu trc ca h truyn ng nh hnh 2.7. Trong s
hnh 2.7, phn lc gm c ng c khng ng b ba pha rotor lng sc
(ASM) v b nghch lu (NL).


43

Phn iu khin gm cc khi ch yu: cc sensor o dng 2 pha ng
c i
sa
v i
sb
, my o tc quay ca ng c; khu chuyn i dng 3 pha
thnh 2 pha tng ng i
so
, i
s|
; khu bin i to o-| d-q i vi dng
in (CTi) v khu bin i to d-qo-| i vi in p (CTu); khu
MHD dng tnh gc lch gia vc t t thng rotor vi trc chun (gc u
e
);
khu iu chnh dng (CD) dng tnh cc thnh phn theo trc d v q ca
in p cn i vi cho ng c (u
sd
v u
sq
); khu iu ch vector khng gian
dng tnh thi gian lm vic ca cc kho IGBT ca khi nghch lu (t
a
, t
b
,
t
c
); e
*
l gi tr t ca tc gc;
*
sd
i l gi tr t thnh phn theo trc d ca
dng in, y l thnh phn to ra t thng rotor v y c chn bng
hng s.
Hnh 2.7 : Cu trc iu khin vect ca h truyn ng
bin tn ng c khng ng b rto lng sc
3
2
i
So
i
S|
i
Sd
i
Sq
MHD e
e
i
*
Sq
CD
CT
U
CT
i
3~

NL
U
ASM
FT
u
So
u
S|
u
Sd
u
Sq
S
e
0

S
e
0

S
0

i
Sd
u
c
CVTKG

a b c
i
Sa
i
Sc
+
-


44
thc hin tng trn y s phi gii quyt nhiu vn phc tp.
Trc tin l, iu khin tn s v iu khin dng in trng thi ng s
phi hp vi nhau nh th no? Vn ny cha h xut hin trong h thng
iu tc mt chiu, m trong h thng iu tc xoay chiu cn phi quan tm
gii quyt. Hai l, trong ng c mt chiu t thng lun l hng, cn trong
h thng iu tc bin tn iu khin vector th vn ny c duy tr ra
sao?
2.2.3. iu khin trc tip momen (DTC: Direct Toque Control)
iu khin trc tip momen cho ng c khng ng b ba pha l
phng php iu khin trc tip ln momen in t, tc l i lng iu
khin gin tip.
Ni dung phng php da trn tc ng trc tip ca cc vect in
p ln vect t thng mc vng stator. Thay i trng thi ca vect t thng
stator dn n thay i trc tip ti momen in t ca ng c. Cc vec t
in p c chn la da trn sai lch ca t thng stator v momen in t
vi cc gi tr t. Tu thuc vo trng thi sai lch ca t thng v m men
in t, mt vect in p ti u nh trc c chn iu chnh i
lng v ng vi lng t. y l phng php iu khin n gin, t ph
thuc vo cc thng s ng c, p ng momen nhanh, linh hot.
Trong h truyn ng in bin tn - ng c khng ng b rotor lng
sc cho thang my la chn s dng phng php iu khin trc tip
momen ng c khng ng b vi s khi nh trn hnh 2.8.
Nh vy, u im ca phng php ny l ch quan tm n cc vect
i lng stato m khng cn xc nh v tr ca roto nn n gin, t ph
thuc vo cc thng s ca ng c, p ng momen nhanh, linh hot. Nhc
im ca phng php l do b iu chnh t thng l ON/OFF hai hoc ba v
tr dn n cc xung momen ng c nn khi lm vic tc thp kh n
nh.


45

2.3. Kt lun
Vn s dng ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc truyn ng
cabin cho thang my, kt hp vi iu khin tc v hnh trnh qua b bin
tn, m ra trin vng to ln cho vic ng dng ng c ny vo cc ph ti
mang tnh cht th nng. V k thut, h thng ny t cc ch tiu cao khi
iu chnh tc cng nh cc yu cu an ton khi vn hnh. V kinh t, m
ra trin vng tit kim in nng bng cch gim tn tht nh hm ti sinh v
h s cng sut cos y 1

Hnh 2.8: S khi h bin tn - ng c khng ng b,
iu khin trc tip mmen.
CLPWM NL
L
L
C
~

3

p
h
a

U
dc
S
cla,b,c
S
Nla,b,c

K chnh
lu PWM
K nghch
lu
KNL

KCL

FT
BD

ASM


46
CHNG III
NGHIN CU H TRUYN NG
BIN TN 4Q (Four Quater) NG C KHNG NG B (ASM)
CHO THANG MY
3.1. Khi qut v chnh lu PWM
3.1.1. Lnh vc s dng chnh lu
Chnh lu l qu trnh bin i nng lng dng in xoay chiu thnh
nng lng dng in mt chiu.
Qu trnh nghin cu cc h truyn ng in s dng ng c in
mt chiu, cp n yu cu to ra mt in p mt chiu n nh v cht
lng cao. N c to ra trong cc mch in t cng sut bng cc b
chnh lu thng s dng diode v thyristor. Chnh lu c phn loi theo
nhiu cch: theo s pha ngun cp cho mch van (3 pha, 6 pha), theo loi van
bn dn (chnh lu khng iu khin, chnh lu iu khin, chnh lu bn
iu khin) v phn loi theo s mc van (hnh tia, hnh cu),
B chnh lu diode v thyristor c lch s gn nm mi nm v
chng c nh ngha nh mt thit b in t cng sut c in, c ng
dng rng ri nht trong thc t. Cc ng dng ca chnh lu :
- Qu trnh in ho hc nh m in, in phn kim loi, b np v
trong ngnh sn xut gas ho hc ( hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine,...). Cho
cc b ngun t nh (cc b ngun tivi, my tnh..) n cc b ngun
cng sut ln ( trong giao thng, tu in, m,).
- Truyn ng c th iu chnh tc dng dng mt chiu.
- H thng 1 chiu in p cao.
- Cung cp cho cc b nghch lu c khu mt chiu trung gian.


47
- Cung cp cng sut dng 1 chiu v xoay chiu, bao gm cc h
thng cung cp nng lng lin tc.
- o ngc nng lng 1 chiu sang xoay chiu t nng lng mt
tri, nng lng cht i vi h thng thit thc.
3.1.2. Mt s tham s nh gi chnh lu i vi li
a. H s mo in p li o
v
%:
B chnh lu trong thc t l cc phn t phi tuyn, do n gy ra
sng iu ho trong li in xoay chiu. Sng iu ho bc cao gy ra tn
tht ph, gy nhiu cho li in. N cng lm nh hng n hot ng ca
my bin p v van in nu cng sut ph ti ln. V vy hip hi k
thut in chu u v quc t a ra ch tiu mo cho php trnh by trn
bng 3.1.
Trong :
o
v
%=
1
2
u
u
v
E

Vi: u
v
l sng iu ho bc v
u
1
l sng iu ho bc 1
b. H s mo dng in li RF
mo ca dng in li c th xc nh bi h s mo (RF). N
c nh ngha nh sau:
RF = Gi tr hiu dng ca dng c bn/Gi tr hiu dng dng in
cp.
=
+
=
... 3 , 2 , 1 n
2
sn
2
1 s
1 s
I I
I
RF
(3.1)


48
Bng 3.1: Ch tiu mo in p li.
B
bin
i
Vng
cng
sut
P
max

[MW]

mo
cho
php
v
[p.e]
Tc
dng
ln
li
m
Sng iu
ho bc
cao c
kho st
P / S
k
max
in p
li
U
1
[KV]
v
min
v
max
U
k
= 0,05 U
k
=0,1 U
k
=0,15
Rt
nh
0,01
ti
0,25
0,04
6 5 13 40 35 30 0,38;
0,5;
0,66
12 11 13 25 20 15
Nh
0,25
ti 1
0,03
6 5 13 55 50 40 6; 10;
22 12 11 13 35 25 15
Trung
bnh
1 ti
10
0,02
6 5 25 90 70 60 6; 10;
22; 110 12 11 25 50 35 25
Ln trn 10 0,01
6 5 25 180 140 120
110
12 11 25 105 70 50

Cho dng dng sng vung:
9 , 0
2 2
I
I ) 2 / 1 ( / 4
RF
d
d
=
t
=
t
=
(3.2)
c. H s cng sut dch chuyn DPF
Dng c bn li trong b chuyn i iu khin 3 pha thng tr so
vi in p c bn 1 gc dch chuyn . h s cng sut dch chuyn c
nh ngha:
DPF=gi tr cng sut trung bnh/in p c bn x dng in c bn
DPF = | =
|
= cos
I V
cos I V
I V
P
1 s s
1 s s
1 s s
1
(3.3)
V
s
= in p c bn v I
sl
l dng in c bn.


49

Hnh 3.1: Hnh dng ca dng in v in p li.
d. H s cng sut PF
H s cng sut PF c nh ngha
PF= gi tr cng sut trung bnh/ in p cp x dng in cp
=
+
=
... 3 , 2 , 1 n
2
n
2
1 s s
1
I I V
P
PF
(3.4)
T cng thc 1.1, 1.3, 1.4
DF DPF
I I
I
cos
I I V
cos I V
PF
2
... 1 n
2
n
2
1 s
1 s
.. 3 , 2 , 1 n
2
n
2
sl s
1 s 1
=
+
| =
+
|
=

=
=
(3.5)
Dng in c bn


50
T cng thc ta c th sau v cc h s:

Trong DPF l vit tt ca Displacement Power Factor
PF l vit tt ca Power Factor
RF l vit tt ca Ripple Factor

Nhn vo th ta thy h s mo khi dng chnh lu truyn thng l
ln v khi so snh vi ch tiu v mo cho in p li th n khng t
yu cu. ng thi h s mo lm nh hng n h s cng sut lm cho h
s cng sut khi dng cc b chnh lu ny l thp.
Trong truyn ng xoay chiu dng bin tn, khi nng lng ng c
d tha i hi phi c s trao i nng lng tit kim, trnh hao ph
H s cng sut dch
chuyn (DPF)
H s cng sut (PF)
in p mt chiu V
C
(pu)
H s mo (RF)
Hnh 3.2: th cc gi tr in p mt chiu, h s mo, h
s cng sut dch chuyn v h s cng sut ca chnh lu
cu 3 pha diode


51
nng lng. Nhng cc b chnh lu dng diode v thyristor ch dn nng
lng theo mt chiu dn n kh trao i nng lng gia ng c v li.
Chnh lu diode v thyristor tuy c cc u im nh: n gin, bn v
gi thnh thp nhng mch u vo dng diode c h s cng sut (khong
0,4) v tn ti nhiu sng iu ho bc cao trong dng in u vo (khong
28%).
3.1.3. Bin php khc phc
gim nh hng sng iu ho bc cao c ba bin php:
a. Chn b bin i c nhiu xung ra ( m = 6, 12, 18,...).
i vi li c nhiu b bin i (n b bin i) c cng s xung u
ra m ta s dng cc bin p cp cho cc b bin i c gc lch in p ra
quan h vi nhau mt gc
n . m
360
= . Nh vy, sng iu ho bc cao s gim.
b. S dng b lc: Nu cng sut ca b bin i ln i vi li th ta
b tr mch lc u vo b bin i. Trong trng hp tng qut, trong li
in c nhiu b bin i s pht ra t sng iu ho hn so vi li c mt
b bin i c cng sut tng ng.
B lc c thit lp thnh nhm mch LC cng hng ni tip (lc
th ng), n s dp tt cc dng in iu ho bc cao ( hnh 3.3a).
B lc cng c th b tr mt b lc di rng ( hnh 3.3b).


52

c. Trao i cng sut gia li v ti i vi truyn ng bin tn ng
c xoay chiu.
Chnh lu diode ch cho php nng lng i theo mt chiu duy nht.
V vy nng lng khng th c tr v li t ng c m b tiu hao trn
cc in tr c iu khin bi cc ngt in ni dc theo mch mt chiu.
Phng php ci tin vn ny l dng hm dp nng lng mch mt chiu
hoc dng b chnh lu lm vic ch nghch lu tr v li. Tuy nhin,
trong trng hp mc in tr, nu cng sut cao th i hi in tr ln kh
khn trong vic ch to v trng hp mc b ngc cng gy tn km.

= 5 = 5 13
7 11 13 >17
Hnh 3.3: Cc b lc gim sng hi bc cao

a) b)


53

Tm li, khi ta:
- Xt v cc tiu chun: gm sng iu ho bc cao, h s tiu th
cng sut phn khng i vi chnh lu dng diode, thyristor cho cc
h truyn ng xoay chiu v mt chiu cn s dng phng php
lc v b.
- i vi h truyn ng cn trao i cng sut vi li phi dng b
bin i th 2 ( b nghch lu) tr cng sut t ti v li.
- i vi h khng thc hin tr nng lng dng hm in tr.
Nhng h c cng sut t vi trm KW tr ln dng hm in tr
kh khn.
B chnh lu B nghch lu
B chnh lu
B nghch lu
B nghch lu phc v
hm ti sinh
C
C
Hnh 3.4: Cc bin php x l khi nng lng ng c d tha
a. Dp nng lng bng in tr mch mt chiu
b. Mc thm mt b nghch lu tr nng lng v li

a)
b)


54
Nhng phng php va nu trn cn tn ti nhng vn nh: h
thng cng knh, u t ln, lc sng hi bc cao kh, khi cng sut h ln
th iu chnh kh khn. Trong chnh lu diode ch cho php nng lng chy
theo mt chiu v khng iu khin c. S thay i ca nng lng s xut
hin mt cch t nhin vi s thay i ca in p ngun cp v ti. Trong
nhiu ng dng nng lng cn c iu khin. Thm ch i vi ti i hi
in p khng i hay dng in khng i, iu khin l vic cn thit b
ngun cp v s thay i ca ti. Chnh lu thyristor c th iu khin c
nng lng bi nguyn l iu khin pha bng cch thay i gc m ca
thyristor. B bin i ny cn c thm kh nng bin i nng lng t mt
chiu sang xoay chiu hay hot ng ch nghch lu. Khi gc nm
gia 0 v /2 n hot ng ch chnh lu, gc nm gia /2 v th
n hot ng ch nghch lu v nng lng t ngun mt chiu chy v
li xoay chiu.
Tuy nhin, n c nhc im l dng in cha nhiu sng iu ho
bc cao lm nh hng n cht lng in nng. Bn cnh , cn gy ra h
s cng sut thp.
Kt lun: Do cc nhc im ca b chnh lu c i hi phi tm ra 1
b chnh lu mi tho mn cc iu kin:
- Cha t sng iu ho bc cao.
- H s cos cao.
- Nng lng chy c theo theo hai chiu.
Nh vy vn t ra y l phi tm ra mt loi chnh lu t n tho
mn nhng yu cu nu trn. Chnh lu PWM ra i tho mn cc iu
kin trn, b chnh lu PWM s thay th chnh lu c.


55
3.2. Chnh lu PWM
3.2.1. Nhim v
Chnh lu PWM phi t c 3 yu cu l:
- Trao i c nng lng gia ng c v li.
- Tng h s cng sut, c th iu khin h s cng sut cos = 1.
- Gim sng iu ho bc cao i vo li ci thin cht lng
in nng, to ra sng iu ho nh nht ( dng sin dng vo).
Cu trc c bn chnh lu PWM

Cu trc ph bin ny c cc u im l s dng cc module ba pha, s
lng van nh nn c th gim gi thnh, nng lng c kh nng chy hai
chiu.
Cu trc ny c trin vng nn ang c pht trin. Trong h thng
phn b nng lng mt chiu hay bin i xoay chiu/ mt chiu/ xoay
chiu, nng lng xoay chiu u tin c bin i sang mt chiu nh vo
chnh lu ba pha PWM. N cho h s cng sut bng mt v dng in cha
t thnh phn sng hi bc cao. Cc b bin i ny ni vi ng truyn mt
U
A
U
B
U
C
I
A
I
B
I
C
C

Ti
Hnh 3.5: Cu trc mch chnh lu PWM thng gp.


56
chiu s mang li cho ti nhng chuyn i mong mun nh thay i tc
truyn ng ng c cm ng v ng c ng b nam chm vnh cu, b
bin i t mt chiu sang mt chiu, hot ng a truyn ng,
Hn na, bin i xoay chiu/ mt chiu/ xoay chiu s mang li mt
s im sau:
- ng c c th hot ng tc cao hn m khng cn gim t
trng ( bi s duy tr in p ng truyn mt chiu trn in p
nh ca ngun cp).
- V l thuyt, gim c 1/3 in p so snh vi cu hnh quy c do
iu khin ng thi chnh lu v nghch lu.
- Phn ng ca b iu khin in p c th c ci tin bi tn hiu
a n t ti dn n gim n mc ti thiu in dung 1 chiu, trong
khi vic duy tr c in p mt chiu di gii hn cho php thay i
ti.

Hnh 3.6: B bin i xoay chiu/ mt chiu/ xoay chiu.

U
A
U
B
U
C
I
A
I
B
I
C
C

M


57

Hnh 3.7: H thng phn phi in nng mt chiu.

3.2.3. Cu trc mch lc v hot ng ca chnh lu PWM
a. Cu trc mch lc ca chnh lu PWM

Hnh 3.7: H thng phn phi in nng mt chiu.

Hnh 3.8a: S thay th n gin ca chnh lu 3 pha PWM
cho cng sut chy theo c hai chiu

Pha xoay chiu
Pha mt chiu
B bin i cu
Ti
a)


58

Hnh 3.8 (b) biu din mt pha ca mch chnh lu gii thiu hnh
3.8 (a). L v R l in cm ca li, U
L
l in p li v U
S
l in p b
chuyn i c th iu khin c t pha mt chiu.
b. iu kin chnh lu PWM hot ng:
- iu kin hot ng ca chnh lu PWM: V
dcmin
>V
CL
t nhin
(thng t nht l 20%).
- C cun cm u vo to kho t trao i nng lng vi li.
- iu khin chnh lu theo lut iu khin PWM
Qu trnh lm vic ca chnh lu PWM yu cu mt gi tr in p mt
chiu nh nht. Thng thng, c th xc nh bng in p dy ln nht:
V
dcmin
>V
LN(rms)
* 3 * 2 = 2,45* V
LN(rms)
(3.6)
Ta c biu thc in p
u
dc
>
) ) Li ( E (
2
Ld
2
m
e +
(3.7)
Biu thc trn ch ra mi quan h gia in p ngun v in p mt
chiu u ra, dng in (ti) v cm khng.
Cun cm phi c la chn k bi cm khng thp s lm cho dng
in nhp nh ln v lm cho vic thit k ph thuc nhiu vo tr khng
ng dy. Cm khng c gi tr ln lm gim nhp nh dng in, nhng
Hnh 3.8b: S thay th in ca mt nhnh

b)


59
ng thi cng lm gim gii hn lm vic ca chnh lu. in p ri trn
cun cm c nh hng ti dng in ngun. in p ri ny c iu chnh
bi in p u vo chnh lu PWM nhng gi tr ln nht c gii hn bi
in p 1 chiu. Kt qu l, dng in ln(cng sut ln) qua cm khng cng
cn in p mt chiu ln hay cm khng nh. V vy, sau khi bin i
phng trnh (1.6) t cm ln nht xc nh:
L<
LD
2
m
2
dc
i .
E u
e

. (3.8)
c. Gin vect
Cun cm c ni gia u vo chnh lu v li ng vai tr l b
tch phn trong mch. N mang c tnh ngun dng ca mch u vo v
cung cp c trng tng th ca b bin i. Dng in li i
L
c iu
khin bi in p ri trn in cm L ni gia 2 ngun p (li v b bin
i). N c ngha rng in p ca cun cm u
L
tng ng vi chnh
lch gia in p li v in p b bin i. Khi iu khin gc pha v
bin ca in p b bin i, tc l iu khin gin tip pha v bin
ca dng in li. Theo cch ny, gi tr trung bnh v du ca dng in 1
chiu l i tng iu khin t l vi cng sut tc dng qua b bin i.
Cng sut phn khng c th c iu khin mt cch c lp vi s thay
i ca thnh phn dng iu ho c bn I
L
i vi in p U
L
.
Hnh 3.9 gii thiu th vct vi cc trng hp b chnh lu thng
thng v b chnh lu PWM hai ch chnh lu v nghch lu. Nh vy
b chnh lu PWM cho php nng lng chy theo 2 chiu v c h s cng
sut = 1. Hnh v cho thy vector in p u
s
trong qu trnh ti sinh cao hn
(ln n 3%) so vi ch chnh lu. N c ngha l 2 ch ny l khng
i xng.


60

3.2.3. Cc phng php iu khin chnh lu PWM
Cc nguyn tc iu khin ca chnh lu PWM c xy dng da trn
hai i lng vect c bn : in p v t thng o. Hin nay, c hai phng
php iu khin: iu khin da trn in p v iu khin da trn t thng
o. Cu trc iu khin chnh lu PWM c minh ho trn hnh 3.10.
iu khin da trn in p l c lng in p li v s iu khin
bng dng in hay cng sut. Trc ht cn c lng in p li bng
cch cng in p t u vo b chnh lu vi in p ri trn cun cm. Sau
, da trn in p li c lng s c tin hnh iu khin bng
dng in th gi l phng php VOC (Voltage Orientend Control) hay theo
cng sut th gi l phng php DPC (Direct Power Control).
(a) (b)
(c)
Hnh 3.9: Gin pha cho chnh lu PWM.
a. th vct b chnh lu thng thng.
b. th vct b chnh lu PWM vi h s cng sut bng 1.
c. th vct b chnh lu PWM hot ng ch nghch lu
vi h s cng sut = 1.


61

Cu trc iu khin VOC s dng mch vng iu khin dng in l
cu trc c pht trin v rt ph bin. Cu trc ny da trn vic chuyn
i gia h trc to c nh o|,...v h trc to quay ng b d - q.
Phng php ny m bo p ng tc thi nhanh v hiu sut tnh cao thng
qua cc mch vng iu khin dng in bn trong .
Cu trc iu khin DPC da trn cc mch vng iu khin cng sut
tc dng v cng sut phn khng tc thi. Trong cu trc DPC, khng c
mch vng iu khin dng in v khng c khi iu ch PWM v cc
trng thi chuyn mch ca b bin i c chn bi bng chuyn mch da
trn s sai lch gia gi tr c lng v gi tr iu khin ca cng sut tc
dng v cng sut phn khng. Do , mt im quan trng khi thc hin cu
trc DPC l phi c lng nhanh v chnh xc cng sut tc dng v cng
sut phn khng.
iu khin da trn t thng o l phng php iu khin cn phi c
lng t thng o ca li in v p dng phng php iu khin t thng
stator ca ng c khng ng b cho li in. Nu iu khin bng mch
vng dng in th gi l phng php VFOC (Voltage Flux Oriented
Control), cn khi iu khin da theo cng sut th c gi l phng php
Hnh 3.10: Cc phng php iu khin
chnh lu PWM
Cc
phng
php iu
khin
chnh lu
PWM
iu
khin
theo vc
t t
thng o
VFOC

VF-DPC
VOC
DPC

iu
khin
theo vc
t in p


62
VF-DPC. VFOC tng t nh VOC, cn VF-DPC cng tng t nh DPC,
chng ch khc nhau ch iu khin da trn in p hay da trn t thng
o.
H iu khin bin tn dng chnh lu PWM vi ng xoay chiu c cc
phng n c trnh by trn hnh 3.11.

3.3. Phn tch h truyn ng bin tn ng c khng ng b cho
Cabin thang my
3.3.1. Khi mch lc:
Mch lc bao gm mt bin tn 4 gc phn t (Khi chnh lu CL to
in p cao mt chiu, khi nghch lu NL to in p ba pha xoay chiu vi
tn s mong mun). Chnh lu tch cc PWM c kh nng to ra in p mt
chiu u ra cao p ng c yu cu in p ngun ca bin tn trong h
thng truyn ng bin tn ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc, ngoi ra
n cn c mt s u im khc nh: m bo trao i cng sut hai chiu
gia ngun v ti, cho php ng c lm vic c ch hm ti sinh;
dng qua li c dng rt gn hnh sin; c th iu khin h s cng sut
cos = 1.
Hnh 3.11: H truyn ng ng c xoay chiu - bin tn dng
chnh lu PWM vi cc phng php iu khin
CL NL
DPC
VOC FOC
DTC
C


63
Hnh 3.12 l s nguyn l phn mch lc ca h thng truyn ng.
S gm b in cm ngun L; hai s cu ba pha bng cc IGBT lm
nhim v chnh lu (CLPWM) v nghch lu (NL); t in C va l phn t
c bn trong s chnh lu PWM, va l phn t lc; ng c ASM.

a. iu khin chnh lu PWM:
C nhiu phng php iu khin b chnh lu tch cc PWM, mi
phng php iu khin c nhng u nhc im ring. Cc phng php
iu khin khc nhau c s khc nhau v i lng iu khin cng nh cu
trc c th ca h thng iu khin nhng u nhm t mc tiu chung l
iu khin v gi n nh gi tr in p mt chiu u ra theo gi tr t,
khng ch h s cng sut theo yu cu, m bo dng dng in li gn vi
hnh sin v cho php thc hin trao i cng sut hai chiu gia ti v ngun.
Vi mc tiu nghin cu cc c tnh ca h truyn ng dng ASM,
m n t ph thuc vo phng php iu khin chnh lu. Do vy, ch cn
chn mt trong cc phng php iu khin c gii thiu, y ta chn
phng php VOC.
Cu trc chi tit khi iu khin chnh lu PWM iu khin theo VOC
c biu din trn hnh 3.13. Cc khu chc nng c bn ca khi iu
khin chnh lu theo phng php VOC gm:
Hnh 3.12: S nguyn l phn lc truyn ng bin tn ng c khng
ng b rotor lng sc

u
L
u
L

ASM


64
- Khu o dng in v c lng in p li: Thc hin o dng xoay
chiu u vo chnh lu (i
La
, i
Lb
), bin i dng in h ba pha sang vector
khng gian trn h to c nh o-| (i
Lo
, i
L|
) v tnh cc thnh phn vector
in p li trn h to o-| (u
Lo
, u
L|
).
- Khu bin i o-| k-: Thc hin xc nh gc gia vector in p
li v trc o ca h to o-|, y cng l gc gia trc d ca h to
quay d-q vi trc o ca hai h to c nh o-|, phc v cho vic chuyn
to cc vector dng v p.

- Khu bin i o-| d-q lm nhim v bin i h to vector dng
in li, u ra nhn c cc thnh phn ca vector dng in li trn h
to quay d-q (i
Ld
, i
Lq
).
PI
d - q
*
Ld
i
o|
k
o|
o|
*
dc
U
Ai
Lq
*
Lq
i 0 =
PI PI
dq
-
-
Khu o dng v
c lng in p
li
Khu iu ch
rng xung
PWM
Ai
Ld
S
CLa,b,c
i
La
i
Lb
u
so
u
s|
|
cos
UL
sin
UL
i
Ld
i
Lq
i
L|
i
Lo
u
sq
u
sd
cos
UL
sin
UL
-
u
Lo
u
L|
Hnh 3.13: Cu trc khi iu khin chnh lu PWM theo VOC
U
dc
AU
dc


65
- Khu bin i d-q o-| lm nhim v bin i h to vector in
p ti qui i, u ra nhn c cc thnh phn ca vector in p ti trn h
to o-| (u
so
, u
s|
) dng iu khin khu iu ch rng xung PWM.
- Khu iu ch rng xung PWM: Thc hin to cc xung iu khin
cc kho ng ct ca mch lc, khu hot ng theo nguyn l iu ch
vector khng gian.
- Cc b iu chnh dng v p c la chn l cc b PI, tn hiu t
ca cc b iu chnh dng l
*
d
i
c ly t u ra b iu chnh in p v
*
=
q
i 0
(c ly bng khng theo iu kin h s cng sut bng 1). Nh vy,
trn thc t, h ch c mt tn hiu iu khin chung cho b chnh lu l tn
hiu t in p mt chiu
*
dc
U
.
b. iu khin nghch lu:
Trn hnh 3.14 gii thiu khi iu khin nghch lu bao gm b iu
chnh tc quay (CTQ) theo lut t l tch phn (PI), cc khu chuyn
i ta khng gian, khu tnh gc quay, cc b iu chnh dng ba pha
(R
Ia
, R
Ib
, R
Ic
), khi iu ch rng xung PWM. c tn hiu dng in v
tc phc v cho iu khin ca h thng ta s dng cc sensor o dng
xoay chiu hai pha ca ng c v my o tc quay (encoder). Cc tn hiu
vo ca h thng iu khin nghch lu gm c: Tn hiu t dng trc d (i
*
d
)
v tn hiu tc gc (e
*
r
). Tn hiu t dng trc d c chn theo iu kin
t thng rotor khng i (i
*
d
= const) v tn hiu t dng trc q (i
*
q
) c ly
t u ra b iu chnh tc quay, c a n khu chuyn i ta d-q
o-|, tip sau l khu chuyn i o-| abc cho ta gi tr cn ca dng
in ba pha vo ng c i
*
a
, i
*
b
, i
*
c
. Cc gi tr cn ca dng in c so snh
vi gi tr thc ca dng ng c, sau khi x l bi cc b iu chnh dng v
sau c dng iu khin khi iu ch rng xung PWM, to cc
xung iu khin ph hp khng ch cc kha ng ct mch lc.


66
Thut ton iu khin chnh lu PWM theo VOC, thut ton iu khin
vector phn nghch lu u c xy dng bng cc phn mm. Cc phn
mm c th c vit bng mt s ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau nh bng
ngn ng C hoc bng Matlab.
- Vit chng trnh bng ngn ng lp trnh C: Mt s thut ton iu
khin ca h truyn ng nh chng trnh tnh ton thi gian ng ct cc van
ca phn chnh lu PWM v phn nghch lu c bn ging nhau (khu iu
ch PWM) v c lp bng ngn ng lp trnh C.

- Vit chng trnh bng ngn ng Matlab: Ngoi chng trnh tnh ton
c vit bng ngn ng C, cc b iu chnh trong phn iu khin chnh lu
PWM v nghch lu, cc khu bin i to , mt s thut ton tnh ton c
lp trnh bng Matlab-Simulink.
Hnh 3.14: Cu trc khi iu khin nghch lu ca h truyn ng
bin tn ng c khng ng b rotor lng sc
Khu tch
phn I
e
i
a

i
b

e

CTQ: PI
iu
ch
PWM
e
e
/2
0
i
a

i
c

i
b

=const
e
j0

2
3
R
Ib

R
Ic

R
Ia

i
a

e
Xung
K
cc
van
*
d
i
*
e
*
a
i
*
b
i
*
c
i
*
q
i
m
p
2


67
3.4. Cc thng s ch yu ca h truyn ng bin tn 4Q ASM
3.4.1. ng c ASM

Cng sut P (KW) 4,0
in p (V) 220/380
Tn s (Hz) 50
Tc (vg/ph) 1435
in tr stato Rs (O) 0,5866
in tr rotor Rr (O) 0,5066
in cm tn stato LI
S
(H) 0,0044
in cm tn rotor LI
r
(H) 0,00401
in cm t ho L
m
(H) 0,016
S i cc (p) 2
M men qun tnh J (kg-m2) 0.059
S vng dy ni tip mt pha 1 pha W(vng) 174

3.4.2. S liu v bin tn 4Q:
Thng s ngun vo khi chnh lu: U
~
= 220/380V, f = 50Hz;
Phn mt chiu ca bin tn PWM: U
dc
= 650V, I
dc
= 15A
Thng s u ra ca bin tn: U
~max
= 311(V) .220 2 U 2 = = ,
f = (5 50) Hz
3.5. S m phng v cc kt qu
3.5.1. S m phng h thng v s minh ha chi tit:
Trong h thng ny s dng iu khin chnh lu PWM l phng
php VOC, cn phn nghch lu s dng phng php iu khin trc tip
m men (DTC). S m phng ton h thng dng phn mm PLECS chy


68
trong MATLAB, c biu din trn hnh 3-15, v cc s biu din cc
khi trong hnh 3-15 c minh ha trn cc hnh v t 3-16 n 3-25.

Hnh 3-15: S m phng h bin tn 4Q - ng c khng ng
b ba pha rotor lng sc iu khin theo VOC - DTC
750
v_dc_ref
t1
t
i _vsi
100
i _ref
reacti ve
v _ref
v _dc
i_ref
Vol tage
control
U/i _i n
RRF->3ph
Phi
enable
m
v _dc
pulses
PWM
In1
In2
In3
Out1
Out2
Out3
Out4
Inv_motor
-K-
Gai n
In1 Out1
Fan_model
Enabl e
control 1
Enabl e
control
0
Di spl ay1
0
Di spl ay
Demux
i_ref
i
m
Current
control
pulses
s_abc
T_m
s_BC
i_v si
i_s
m
v _dc
u_in
PLECS
Ci rcui t
Ci rcui t
3ph->RRF


69

pulses
a
b
c
+
-
phase
+
-
g
a
t
e
phase
+
-
g
a
t
e
phase
+
-
g
a
t
e
phase
+
-
gate
g(u)
g(u): u>0
g(u)
g(u): u<0
IGBT1
IGBT2
Hnh 3-17: Trin khai chi tit khi IGBT Converter
Hnh 3-16: Trin khai chi tit khi PLECS Circuit
V: 325
w: 2*pi*50
pulses
1
A
A
A
i_vsi
1
L: 0.01
2-Level
IGBT
Converter
C1
V
A
A
A
s_abc
2
T_m
3
i_s
2
m 3
v_dc
4
R: 5
s_BC
4
Tm m
ASM
V
u_in
5


70

Hnh 3-18: Thng s ng c ASM


71

Hnh 3-19: M t ton hc ng c ASM
Tm
m
Llsa
Llsb
Llsc
Rsa
Rsb
Rsc
Lma
A
isa
A
isb
Lmb Lmc
Llra'
Llrb'
Llrc'
Rra'
Rrb'
Rrc'
A
ira'
A
irb'
vra'
vrb'
vrc'
ira
V vrab
V vrbc
irb
f (u)
sin(th)
f (u)
cos(th)
f (u)
cos(th-2/3*pi)
f (u)
cos(th+2/3*pi)
A
irb'1
cos 0-+
v rab
v rbc
c
o
s

t
h
v ra'
v rb'
v rc'
vrabc'<-vrab,vrbc
ira'
irb'
irc'
c
o
s

t
h
ira
irb
subsystem
A
isc
vxa
vxb
vxc
isa
isb
isc
ira
irb
irc
wm
v
x
a
v
x
b
v
x
c
subsystem1
f (u)
ids
f (u)
iqs
f (u)
idr
f (u)
iqr
ira,irb,sin,cos
isa,isb
ids,iqs,idr,iqr
f (u)
Te<-
T
J F
A ->wm wm->
1
A thetam f (u)
Te-Tm Te,Tm
f (u)
p*thetam
f (u)
->phid
f (u)
->phiq
wm,th,Te,phids,phiqs
1
pul ses
m s
Symmetri cal PWM
Scal e
Modul ati on
Index
Product1
1
Mi ni mum
max
Mi nMax
1/2
Gai n
m m'
3-Phase
Overmodul ati on
3
v_dc
2
m
1
enabl e
Hnh 3-20: Khi iu khin PWM


72

1
m
-C-
v_N
10
P
1
s
Integrator
1000
I
K*u
Decoupl i ng
Enabl e
2
i
1
i _ref
Hnh 3-21: Khi Current Control
1
i _ref
Saturati on
1
P
1
s
Integrator
20
I
Enabl e
2
v_dc
1
v_ref
Hnh 3-22: Khi Voltage Control


73

Hnh 3-23: Khi Inv_Motor
4
Out4
3
Out3
2
Out2
1
Out1
Step
delta_wT_ref
Speed Control
Mechani cal
Magneti c
El ectri cal
T_ref
i_s
v _dc
s_abc
Di rect Torque Control
Demux
Break Chopper Control
Enabl e
3 In3
2
In2
1
In1
Hnh 3-24: Khi Inv_Motor/ Direct Torque Control
1
s_abc Z-Tab
Torque Control
f(u)
Torque
0.5866
Stator
Resi stance
Phase Vol tages
NOT
[2*4.02]
IC
Psi Sector(Psi)
Fl ux Sector
Fl ux Reference
Fl ux Control
1
s
Fl ux
0.5
f(u)
Abs
3
v_dc
2
i _s
1
T_ref
Hnh 3-25: Khi Inv_Motor/ Speed Control
1
T_ref
Torque
Li mi ter
Sum
Product
100
P
1
s
Integrator
1000
I
In1
In2
Out
Anti Reset-Wi ndup
1
del ta_w


74
3.5.2. Cc kt qu m phng
Thc hin m phng h thng vi gi thit ti t = 0 bt u cp ngun
xoay chiu vo b bin tn v kch hot s hot ng ca chnh lu PWM.
Ti t = 1,25s tc ng gim tc t mt lng 10rad/s. Cc kt qu m
phng c biu din trn cc hnh 3-26, n 3-27.


75

Hnh 3-26a. th tc ca Cabin thang my
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
x 10
6
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Hnh 3-26b. th tc ca Cabin thang my


76

Hnh 3-27a. th m men ca Cabin thang my
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
x 10
6
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Hnh 3-27b. th m men ca Cabin thang my


77
3.4. Kt lun:
H truyn ng bin tn - ng c khng ng b s dng bin tn 4Q
vi chnh lu PWM p ng c i hi v in p mt chiu u ra theo
yu cu. Ngoi ra s dng chnh lu PWM cho php thc hin c qu trnh
trao i nng lng hai chiu gia ti v ngun, gim ng k sng hi bc
cao trong dng in li, tng hiu sut. V vy, mc d gi thnh ca loi
bin tn ny cao gp i so vi bin tn thng thng nhng vi h truyn
ng ny, c bit l khi ng dng vo cc h thng thang my, my bm,
qut gi, l rt ph hp.


78
TI LIU THAM KHO

1
Trn Khnh H (1997), My in tp 1, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni
2
Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lin, Phm Quc Hi, Dng Vn Nghi
(2002), T ng iu chnh truyn ng in, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v
k thut, H Ni
3
V Gia Hanh, Phan T Th (1992 Bin dch), My in, Nh xut bn
Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni
4
Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Lin (2007), C s truyn ng in, Nh
xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni
5
Nguyn Phng Quang (1969), iu khin t ng truyn ng in xoay
chiu ba pha, Nh xut bn Gio dc, H Ni.
6
Nguyn Phng Quang (2003) MATLAB & Simulink dnh cho k s
iu khin t ng, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni.

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S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.

: h cabin y ti tc thp (chun b dng khi n sn tng)

: Hm khi gim tc t cao xung thp trong ch h.

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