Techniques of Integration - Solutions

CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION
8.1 BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

u 8x# b 1
du 16x dx
1.
' 16x dx
2.
' 3 cos x dx
3.
'
4.
' cot$ y csc# y dy;
5.
'01 8x16xbdx2 ;
6.
'1143
7.
'
8x# b 1
1 b 3 sin x
u 1 b 3 sin x
du 3 cos x dx
3sin v cos v dv;
' duu 2u b C 28x# b 1 b C
u sin v
du cos v dv
'
u cot y
du c csc# y dy
'
3u du 3 23 u$# b C 2(sin v)$# b C

u$ (c du) c u4 b C
%
c cot% y
4
bC
u 8x# b 2
10
"!
'2 du
du 16x dx
u cln kukd # ln 10 c ln 2 ln 5
x 0 u 2, x 1 u 10
sec# z dz
tan z
;
z
dx
x x b 1
1
4
u tan z

du sec# z dz
1
u 1, z 3 u 3
u x b "
"
; du #x dx
dx
2 du
x
' x cdxx '
9.
' cot (3 c 7x) dx; u 3 c 7x

du c7 dx
' csc (1x c 1) dx; u 1x c 1

du 1 dx
'1
"
u
du cln kukd 1 3 ln 3 c ln 1 ln 3
' 2 udu 2 ln kuk b C 2 ln x b 1 b C
u x c 1
du " dx
dx

# x
x x c 1 ;
dx
2
du
8.
10.
' duu 2u b C 21 b 3 sin x b C
c "7
' 2 udu 2 ln kuk b C 2 ln x c 1 b C
' cot u du c 7" ln ksin uk b C c 7" ln ksin (3 c 7x)k b C
' csc u du1 c"1 ln kcsc u b cot uk b C
c 1" ln kcsc (1x c 1) b cot (1x c 1)k b C
' e) csc e) b 1 d); u e
b1
du e) d)
)
11.
12.
' cot (3 xb ln x) dx; u 3 bdxln x

du
' csc u du c ln kcsc u b cot uk b C c ln csc e) b 1 b cot e) b 1 b C
' cot u du ln ksin uk b C ln ksin (3 b ln x)k b C
Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
494
Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

u 3t
du dt3
13.
' sec 3t dt;
' 3 sec u du 3 ln ksec u b tan uk b C 3 ln sec 3t b tan 3t b C
14.
' x sec ax# c 5b dx; u x
c5
du 2x dx
' "# sec u du "# ln ksec u b tan uk b C
ln ksec ax# c 5b b tan ax# c 5bk b C
"
#
15.
' csc (s c 1) ds; u s c 1
16.
' )"
du ds
csc
ln 2
"
)
d);
u ")
du c)d# )
' c csc u du ln kcsc u b cot uk b C ln csc ") b cot ") b C
u x#
ln 2
du 2x dx
'0 eu du ceu d ln0 2 eln 2 c e! 2 c 1 1
2xe dx;
x 0 u 0, x ln 2 u ln 2
17.
'0
18.
'112 sin (y) ecos y dy;
19.
' etan v sec# v dv;
20.
' etdt ;
21.
' 3xb1 dx; u x b 1
x#
u t

du 2dt
t
u ln x

du dx
x
22.
' 2x
23.
' 2#wdw ;
24.
' 102) d);
dx;
25.
' 1 9bdu9u
26.
4 dx
' 1 b (2x
b 1)
27.
'016 dx
1
#
1 c 9x#
' eu du eu b C etan v b C
' 2eu du 2eu b C 2et b C
' 3u du ln"3 3u b C 3ln 3
xb 1
bC
' 2u du ln2 # b C 2ln # b C

u
ln x
u w

du #dw
w
' 2u du ln2 # b C 2ln#
u 2)
du 2 d)
' "# 10u du # 10ln 10 b C "# ln1010 b C
x 3u
dx 3 du
u cos y
c1
0
du c sin y dy
'0 ceu du 'c1 eu du ceu d !c" 1 c ec"
u 0, y 1 u c1
u tan v
du sec# v dv
du dx
ln x
' csc u du c ln kcsc u b cot uk b C c ln kcsc (s c 1) b cot (s c 1)k b C
;
;
2)
' 13bdxx
u 2x b 1
du 2 dx
3 tanc" x b C 3 tanc" 3u b C
' 12bduu
2 tanc" u b C 2 tanc" (2x b 1) b C
u 3x
du 3 dx
x 0 u 0, x " u
6
bC
"
#
'0
12
"
du
3 1 c u#
"#
< 3" sinc" u !
"
3
16 c 0
1
18
ec"
e
Section 8.1 Basic Integration Formulas

28.
'01 dt
29.
' 2s ds
30.
'
2 dx
x1 c 4 ln# x
31.
'
6 dx
x25x# c 1
32.
'
dr
r r# c 9
33.
' e bdxec
34.
' dy
35.
'1e
"
<sinc" #t ! sinc" "# c 0
4 c t#
1 c s%
u s#
du 2s ds
;
e2y c 1
ex dx
e2x b 1
'
1 3
dx
x cos (ln x)
ln sec
1
3
6 dx
5xx# c #"5
6
5
sinc" u b C sinc" s# b C
' du
1 c u#
sinc" u b C sinc" (2 ln x) b C
5 secc" k5xk b C 6 secc" k5xk b C
secc" 3r b C
"
3
'
1 c u#
u 2 ln x
du 2 xdx
'
' du
1
6
ey dy
e y ae y b #
u ex
'
du ex dx
c1
du
u# b 1
u ey
du ey dy
'
tanc" u b C tanc" ex b C
du
u u# c 1
u ln x
du dx
x
x 1 u 0, x e13 u
1
3
secc" kuk b C secc" ey b C

'0
13
du
cos u
'0
13
sec u du cln ksec u b tan ukd !
1$
b tan 13 c ln ksec 0 b tan 0k ln 2 b 3 c ln (1) ln 2 b 3
36.
' x bln4xx dxln x ' x a1lnbx4dxln xb ;
u ln# x
du 2x ln x dx
37.
'12
38.
'24 x c26xdxb 10 2 '24 (x c dx3) b 1 ;
39.
'
40.
' d)
41.
'
' #"
du
1 b 4u
"
8
ln k1 b 4uk b C
"
8
ln a1 b 4 ln# xb b C
uxc1
1
"
du dx
8'0 1 bduu# 8 ctanc" ud !
x 1 u 0, x 2 u "
1
c"
c"
8 atan 1 c tan 0b 8 4 c 0 21
8 dx
x# c 2x b 2
8'1
dx
1 b (x c 1)#
uxc3
1
du dx
2'c1
#
#
x 2 u c1, x 4 u 1
2 ctanc" 1 c tanc" (c1)d 2 < 14 c c 14 1
dt
ct# b 4t c 3
2) c ) #
'
'
dx
(x b 1)x# b 2x
dt
1 c (t c 2)#
d)
1 c () c 1)#
'
kuk kx b 1k 1
utc2
'
du dt
u)c1
'
du d)
dx
(x b 1)(x b 1)# c 1
du
1 c u#
du
1 c u#
du
u# b 1
"
2 ctanc" ud c"
sinc" u b C sinc" (t c 2) b C
sinc" u b C sinc" () c 1) b C
uxb1
'
du dx
du
u u# c 1
secc" kuk b C secc" kx b 1k b C,
495
496
42.
'
dx
(x c 2)x# c 4x b 3
'
dx
(x c 2)(x c 2)# c1
secc" kx c 2k b C, kuk kx c 2k 1
uxc2
du dx
'
du
u u# c 1
secc" kuk b C
43.
' (sec x b cot x)# dx ' asec# x b 2 sec x cot x b cot# xb dx ' sec# x dx b ' 2 csc x dx b ' acsc# x c 1b dx
44.
' (csc x c tan x)# dx ' acsc# x c 2 csc x tan x b tan# xb dx ' csc# x dx c ' 2 sec x dx b ' asec# x c 1b dx
45.
tan x c 2 ln kcsc x b cot xk c cot x c x b C
c cot x c 2 ln ksec x b tan xk b tan x c x b C
' csc x sin 3x dx ' (csc x)(sin 2x cos x b sin x cos 2x) dx ' (csc x) a2 sin x cos# x b sin x cos 2xb dx
' a2 cos# x b cos 2xb dx ' [(1 b cos 2x) b cos 2x] dx ' (1 b 2 cos 2x) dx x b sin 2x b C
46.
' (sin 3x cos 2x c cos 3x sin 2x) dx ' sin (3x c 2x) dx ' sin x dx c cos x b C
47.
' x bx 1 dx ' 1 c x b"1 dx x c ln kx b 1k b C
48.
' x xb 1 dx ' 1 c x "b 1 dx x c tanc" x b C

#
49.
'32
50.
'c31 4x2x bc37 dx 'c31 <(2x c 3) b 2x 2b 3 dx cx# c 3x b ln k2x b 3kd $c" (9 c 9 b ln 9) c (1 b 3 b ln 1) ln 9 c 4
51.
52.
dx '2 2x b
3
2x$
x# c 1
dx cx# b ln kx# c 1kd 2 (9 b ln 8) c (2 b ln 1) 7 b ln 8

3
' 4t ct tbb4 16t dt ' <(4t c 1) b t b4 4 dt 2t# c t b 2 tanc" #t b C

$
' 2) c2)7c) 5b 7) d) ' <a)# c ) b 1b b 2) 5c 5 d) )3

$
53.
' 1 c x
54.
' x b 2x c 1 dx '
55.
'014
56.
'012 12bc4x8x
57.
2x
x# c 1
1 c x#
2x
dx '
dx
1 c x#
xc1
1 b sin x
cos# x
c'
dx
2 x c 1
dx
x
b)b
5
#
dx '0 asec# x b sec x tan xb dx ctan x b sec xd !
1%
14
dx '0 1 b24x# c
12
ln k2) c 5k b C
(x c 1)"# b ln kxk b C
8x
1 b 4x#
1 b 2 c (! b 1) 2
"#
dx ctanc" (2x) c ln k1 b 4x# kd !
atanc" 1 c ln 2b c atanc" 0 c ln 1b
1
4
c ln 2
c sin x)
' 1 bdxsin x ' a(11 ccsinsin x)xb dx ' (1cos
' asec# x c sec x tan xb dx tan x c sec x b C
x dx
#
58. 1 b cos x 1 b cos 2 x# 2 cos#

59.
)#
#
sinc" x b 1 c x# b C
x dx
1 c x#
b'
' sec ) b" tan ) d) '
d) ;
x
#
' 1 bdxcos x ' 2 cosdx #" ' sec# x# dx tan x# b C
u 1 b sin )
du cos ) d)
x
#
' duu ln kuk b C ln k1 b sin )k b C

60.
61.
62.
63.
' csc ) b" cot ) d) ' 1 bsincos) ) d);
u 1 b cos )
du c sin ) d)
cos x
' 1 c "sec x dx ' coscosx cx 1 dx ' 1 b cos x" c 1 dx ' 1 c 1 bsincosx x dx ' 1 c csc# x c sin
x dx
' a1 c csc# x c csc x cot xb dx x b cot x b csc x b C
#
' 1 c
1 b sin x
cos# x
dx ' 1 c sec# x c
'021 1 c #cos x dx '021 sin x# dx;
'01 1 c cos 2x dx '01 2 ksin xk dx;

'112 1 b cos 2t dt '112 2 kcos tk dt;
c2 sin 1 c sin 1# 2
66.
'c01 1 b cos t dt 'c01 2 cos #t dt;

22 <sin 0 c sin c 1# 22
67.
'c01 1 c cos# ) d) 'c01 ksin )k d);

1 c (c1) 2
68.
69.
1
1
sin x 0
2 '0 sin x dx c2 cos x
for 0 x 1
!
cos t 0
for 1# t 1
'112 c2 cos t dt c2 sin t 1
1#
0
cos #t 0
'c1 2 cos
for c1 t 0
cos ) 0
for 1# ) 1
t
#
dt 22 sin #t
!
c1
'112 c cos ) d) cc sin )d 11# c sin 1 b sin 1# 1
'c1144 tan# y b 1 dy 'c1144 ksec yk dy;
sec y 0
for c 14 y
'c014 sec# y c 1 dy 'c014 ktan yk dy;
tan y 0
for c 14 y 0
ln 2
71.
dx ' a1 c sec# x c sec x tan xb dx x c tan x c sec x b C
0
sin ) 0
'c1 c sin ) d) ccos )d !c1 cos 0 c cos (c1)
for c1 ) 0
'112 1 c sin# ) d) '112 kcos )k d);

ln 2 b 1 c ln 2 c 1
70.
sin x
cos# x
21
sin x# 0
#1
'0 sin x# dx <c2 cos x# ! c2(cos 1 c cos 0)
for 0 x# 21
c2 (cos 1 c cos 0) 22
65.
b1
' 1 c "csc x dx ' sinsinx cx 1 dx ' 1 b sin x" c 1 dx ' 1 b (sin x csin1)x(sin
x b 1) dx
(c2)(c2) 4
64.
' cudu c ln kuk b C c ln k1 b cos )k b C
1
4
'c14 sec y dy cln ksec y b tan ykd c1%

1%
14
'c014 c tan y dy cln kcos ykd !c1% c ln "
'13144 (csc x c cot x)# dx '13144 acsc# x c 2 csc x cot x b cot# xb dx '13144 a2 csc# x c 1 c 2 csc x cot xb dx
$1%
cc2 cot x c x b 2 csc xd 1% c2 cot

c2(c1) c
31
4
b 2 2 c c2(1) c
31
4
1
4
31
4
b 2 csc
31
4
c c2 cot
b 2 2 4 c
1
#
1
4
1
4
b 2 csc 14
497
498
72.
73.
1%
2x
'014 (sec x b 4 cos x)# dx '014 <sec# x b 8 b 16 1 b cos
dx ctan x b 16x c 4 sin 2xd !
#
tan
1
4
b 41 c 4 sin 1# c (tan 0 b 0 c 4 sin 0) 5 b 41
' cos ) csc (sin )) d); u sin ) ' csc u du c ln kcsc u b cot uk b C
du cos ) d)
c ln kcsc (sin )) b cot (sin ))k b C
74.
' 1 b "x cot (x b ln x) dx; u x b ln" x ' cot u du ln ksin uk b C ln ksin (x b ln x)k b C
du 1 b dx
x
75.
' (csc x c sec x)(sin x b cos x) dx ' (1 b cot x c tan x c 1) dx ' cot x dx c ' tan x dx
76.
'
77.
' y6(1dyb y) ;
78.
'
79.
'
ln ksin xk b ln kcos xk b C
3 sinh x2 b ln 5dx
dx
x4x# c 1
u y
"

du 2
y dy
'
2 dx
2x(2x)# c 1
7 dx
(x c 1)x# c 2x c 48
secc" x c7 " b C
80.
'
dx
(2x b 1)4x# b 4x
81.
82.
"
#
u x2 b ln 5
' ' sinh u du 6 cosh u b C 6 cosh x# b ln 5 b C
2 du dx
'
'
' 121bduu 12 tanc" u b C 12 tanc" y b C

#
u 2x
'
du 2 dx
7 dx
(x c 1)(x c 1)# c 49
dx
(2x b 1)(2x b 1)# c 1
secc" k2x b 1k b C
du
u u# c 1
secc" kuk b C secc" k2xk b C
uxc1
du dx
u 2x b 1
'
du 2 dx
'
7 du
uu# c 49
du
2uu# c 1
"
#
"
7
secc" 7u b C
secc" kuk b C
' sec# t tan (tan t) dt; u tan# t ' tan u du c ln kcos uk b C ln ksec uk b C ln ksec (tan t)k b C
du sec t dt
'
dx
x $ b x#
83. (a)
(b)
(c)
84. (a)
(b)
c "$ cschc" x$ b C
' cos$ ) d) ' (cos )) a1 c sin# )b d); u sin ) ' a1 c u# b du u c u3$ b C sin ) c "3 sin$ ) b C
du cos ) d)
' cos& ) d) ' (cos )) a1 c sin# )b# d) ' a1 c u# b# du ' a1 c 2u# b u% b du u c 23 u$ b u5& b C
sin ) c
2
3
sin$ ) b
"
5
sin& ) b C
' cos* ) d) ' acos) )b (cos )) d) ' a1 c sin# )b% (cos )) d)

' sin$ ) d) ' a1 c cos# )b (sin )) d);
c cos ) b
"
3
cos$ ) b C
c cos ) b
2
3
cos$ ) c
u cos )
' a1 c u# b (c du)
du c sin ) d)
u$
3
cubC
' sin& ) d) ' a1 c cos# )b# (sin )) d) ' a1 c u# b# (c du) ' ac1 b 2u# c u% b du
"
5
cos& ) b C

' sin( ) d) ' a1 c u# b$ (c du) ' ac1 b 3u# c 3u% b u' b du c cos ) b cos$ ) c 35 cos& ) b cos7( ) b C
'
(d) ' sin"$ ) d) ' asin"# )b (sin )) d) ' a1 c cos# )b (sin )) d)
(c)
85. (a)
' tan$ ) d) ' asec# ) c 1b (tan )) d) ' sec# ) tan ) d) c ' tan ) d) "# tan# ) c ' tan ) d)
"
#
tan# ) b ln kcos )k b C
' tan& ) d) ' asec# ) c 1b atan$ )b d) ' tan$ ) sec# ) d) c ' tan$ ) d) "4 tan% ) c ' tan$ ) d)
(c) ' tan( ) d) ' asec# ) c 1b atan& )b d) ' tan& ) sec# ) d) c ' tan& ) d) "6 tan' ) c ' tan& ) d)
(d) ' tan2kb1 ) d) ' asec# ) c 1b atan2kc1 )b d) ' tan2kc1 ) sec# ) d) c ' tan2kc1 ) d);
(b)
u tan )
du sec# ) d)
86. (a)
' u2kc1 du c ' tan2kc1 ) d)
"
2k
u2k c ' tan2kc1 ) d)
tan2k ) c ' tan2kc1 ) d)
"
#k
' cot$ ) d) ' acsc# ) c 1b (cot )) d) ' cot ) csc# ) d) c ' cot ) d) c "# cot# ) c ' cot ) d)
c "# cot# ) c ln ksin )k b C
' cot& ) d) ' acsc# ) c 1b acot$ )b d) ' cot$ ) csc# ) d) c ' cot$ ) d) c "4 cot% ) c ' cot$ ) d)
(c) ' cot( ) d) ' acsc# ) c 1b acot& )b d) ' cot& ) csc# ) d) c ' cot& ) d) c "6 cot' ) c ' cot& ) d)
(d) ' cot2kb1 ) d) ' acsc# ) c 1b acot2kc1 )b d) ' cot2kc1 ) csc# ) d) c ' cot2kc1 ) d);
(b)
u cot )
2kc1
du c ' cot2kc1 ) d) c #"k u2k c ' cot2kc1 ) d)
du c csc# ) d) c' u
"
c 2k
cot2k ) c ' cot2kc1 ) d)
87. A 'c14 (2 cos x c sec x) dx c2 sin x c ln ksec x b tan xkd c1%

1%
14
2 c ln 2 b 1 c c2 c ln 2 c 1
2 b 1
"
22 c ln 22 b
22 c ln :
c1
2c1
22 c ln 3 b 22
88. A '16 (csc x c sin x) dx cc ln kcsc x b cot xk b cos xd 1'

12
c ln k1 b 0k b ln 2 b 3 c
3
#
ln 2 b 3 c
3
#
1#
89. V 'c14 1(2 cos x)# dx c 'c14 1 sec# x dx 41 'c14 cos# x dx c 1'c14 sec# x dx
14
14
14
21 'c14 (1 b cos 2x) dx c 1 ctan xd c1% 21 <x b

1%
14
"
#
14
1%
sin 2x c1% c 1[1 c (c1)]
21 < 14 b "# c c 14 c "# c 21 21 1# b 1 c 21 1#
90. V '16 1 csc# x dx c '16 1 sin# x dx 1 '16 csc# x dx c

12
12
1#
1 cc cot xd 1' c
13 c
1
#
261 b
1
#
<x c
3
4
"
#
12
1#
1
#
sin 2x 1' 1 0 c c3 c
1 7 8 3 c 16
'1162 (1 c cos 2x) dx

1
#
1# c 0 c 16 c
"
#
3
#
499
500
91. y ln (cos x)
dy
dy
sin x
#
#
'
c cos
x dx tan x sec x c 1; L a 1 b dx dx
#
dy
dx
1$
'0 1 b asec# x c 1b dx '0 sec x dx cln ksec x b tan xkd ! ln 2 b 3 c ln k1 b 0k ln 2 b 3
13
13
92. y ln (sec x)
dy
dx
sec x tan x
sec x
dy
#
#
'
dy
dx tan x sec x c 1; L a 1 b dx dx
#
'0 sec x dx cln ksec x b tan xkd !
93. Mx 'c14 "# sec x (sec x) dx

14
"
#
ln 2 b 1 c ln k1 b 0k ln 2 b 1
1%
14
1%
ctan xd c1%
"
#
'c1144 sec# x dx
"
#
c1 c (c1)d 1;
M 'c14 sec x dx cln ksec x b tan xkd c1%

14
1%
ln 2 b 1 c ln 2 c 1 ln 2b"
ln :
2 b "
#c1
; ln 3 b 2
2 ; x 0 by
symmetry of the region, and y

516
"
#
&1'
cc cot xd 1'
"
#
Mx
M
94. Mx '16 "# csc x (csc x) dx
2 c1
"
#
"
ln 3 b 22
'15166 csc# x dx
c c3 c c3 3;
M '16 csc x dx cc ln kcsc x b cot xkd 1'

516
&1'
3
c ln 2 c 3 c c ln 2 b 3 ln 22 b
c 3
ln :
2 b 3
4c3
; 2 ln 2 b
of the region, and y
95.
Mx
M
3 ; x
3
1
#
by symmetry
2 ln 2 b 3
x b cot x
x cot x
' csc x dx ' (csc x)(1) dx ' (csc x) csc
' csccscx bx csc
dx;
csc x b cot x dx
b cot x
#
u csc x b cot x
du ac csc x cot x c csc# xb dx
96. cax# c 1b (x b 1)d
c#$
1
(x b 1)c# xx c
b1
(a)
c(x c 1)(x b 1)# d
c#$
c#$
(x b 1)c# 1 c
' cax# c 1b (x b 1)dc#$ dx '
(x c 1)c#$ (x b 1)c%$ (x b 1)c# <(x c 1)c#$ (x b 1)#$
2 c#$
xb1
(x b 1)c# 1 c
2 c#$
x b1
dx;
u x b" 1
du c (x b" 1)# dx
' c(1 c 2u)c#$ du 3# (1 c 2u)"$ b C 3# 1 c xb2 1 "$ b C #3 xx cb 11 "$ b C

' cax# c 1b (x b 1)dc#$ dx ' (x b 1)c# xx cb 11 c#$ dx; u xx cb 11 k
(b)
' cudu c ln kuk b C c ln kcsc x b cot xk b C
du k xx cb 11
(x b 1)#
2k
"
#k
kc1
c(x b 1) c (x c 1)d
(x b 1)#
(x c 1)
dx 2k (x
b 1)kb1 dx; dx
k c1
1 1ck
1 c#$
xx c
du; then, ' xx c
b1
b1
' xx cb 11 k 1 3k

c1
du
"
#k
' u 1 3k

c1
"
#k
c 1 1ck
xx b
du
1
du
"
#k
(x b 1)#
#k
"
#k
b 1 kc1
xx c
du
1
' xx bc 11 1 3
(3k) u13k b C
ck
3
#
du
u13k b C
3
#
1 "$
xx c
bC
b1
Section 8.2 Integration by Parts

(c)
' cax# c 1b (x b 1)dc#$ dx ' (x b 1)c# xx cb 11 c#$ dx;

c"
u tan x
x tan u
dx du#
cos u
' (tan u"b 1)
tan u c 1 c#$ du
'
tan
ub1
cos# u
"
(sin u b cos u)#
sin u c 1 c#$
' 2 cos "u c 1 cos
du
u c 1
sin u b cos u sin u b sin 1# c u 2 sin 14 cos u c 14

sin u c cos u sin u c sin 1 c u 2 cos 1 sin u c 1
4
4
#
"
#
3
#
u c cos u c#$
sin
du;
sin u b cos u
4
"$
u c tan 4
' tanc#$ u c 14 sec# u c 14 du #3 tan"$ u c 14 b C 3# 1tan
bC
b tan u tan 14
1
1 "$
xx c
bC
b1
(d) u tanc" x tan u x tan# u x dx 2 tan u cos"# u du

x c 1 tan# u c 1
sin# u c cos# u
cos# u
' (x c 1)c#$ (x b 1)c%$ dx '

' a1 c 2 cos# ub
3
#
a1 c 2 cos# ub
c#$
"$
(e) u tanc" x c# 1
'
1 c 2 cos# u
cos# u
"
acos# ubc%$
(c2) cos u d(cos u)
bC
xc1
#
3
#
1 c 2 cos
#
#u
"$
"
cos# u
cos u
"
#
c2d(cos u)
cos$ u
u)
c 2d(cos
cos$ u ;
' a1 c 2 cos# ubc#$ d a1 c 2 cos# ub
bC
3
#
1 "$
xx c
bC
b1
tan u x b 1 2(tan u b 1) dx
2d(tan u);
2 du
cos# u
(x c 1)c#$ (x b 1)c%$ dx ' (tan u)c#$ (tan u b 1)c%$ 2c# 2 d(tan u)
"
#
3
#
' 1 c tan u" b 1 c#$ d 1 c tan u" b 1 #3 1 c tan u" b 1 "$ b C #3 1 c x b2 1 "$ b C
1 "$
xx c
bC
b1
c"
u cos x
c'
(f)
x cos u
dx c sin u du
c'
du
%$
(sin u)"$ 2#$ cos #u
3
#
" "$
xx c
bC
b1
'
u
#
bC
u coshc" x
x cosh u
dx sinh u
'
sinh u du
$
asinh% ub (cosh ub1)#
'
du
$
(sinh u) 4 cosh% #u
c"$
' tanh u#
d tanh u#
3
#
'
c "#
du
"$
&$
2 sin u# cos u#
' cax# c 1b (x b 1)dc#$ dx;
sin u du
$
acos# u c 1b# (cos u b 1)#
c ' tanc"$ #u d tan u# c 3# tan#$

(g)
; x b 1 tan# u b 1
c#$
a1c2 cos# ub
c#$
#
acos ub
2 sin u
cos$ u du
#
#
cos u b sin u
cos"# u ;
cos# u
3
#
'
"
#
tanh u# #$ b C
sin u du
%$
asin%$ ub 2#$ cos u#
' cos
sin
u
#
u
#
"$
du
cos# #u
c tan# u# "$ b C
3
#
cos u c 1 "$
cos
bC
ub1
3
#
1 "$
xx c
bC
b1
sinh u du
$
acosh# uc1b# (cosh ub1)#
'
3
#
du
$
sinh u# cosh& u#
u c 1 "$
cosh
bC
cosh u b 1
8.2 INTEGRATION BY PARTS

1. u x, du dx; dv sin
'
x sin
x
#
dx c2x cos
x
#
x
#
dx, v c2 cos
c ' c2 cos
2. u ), du d); dv cos 1) d), v
'
) cos 1) d)
)
1
sin 1) c '
"
1
"
1
x
#
x
#
dx c2x cos x# b 4 sin x# b C
sin 1);
sin 1) d)
)
1
sin 1) b
"
1#
cos 1) b C
501
502
3.
b
t#
c
2t
b
2
cos t
sin t
ccos t
csin t
0
4.
b
x#
c
2x
b
2
cos x
dx
x ;
'1 x ln x dx x#
dv x dx, v
ln x c '1
#
'1 x
x# sin x dx cx# cos x b 2x sin x b 2 cos x b C
csin x
'
ccos x
5. u ln x, du
t# cos t dt t# sin t b 2t cos t c 2 sin t b C
sin x
6. u ln x, du
'
ln x dx
dx
x ;
"
dx
x
dv x$ dx, v
%
x4
7. u tanc" y, du
2 #
x
x#
#
ln x c '
e
dy
1 by #
e %
x
2 ln 2 c x4 2 ln 2 c
#
"
x%
4
dx
1 4 x
3
4
ln 4 c
3
4
e%
4
; dv dy, v y;
x
c 16

%
3e% b 1
16
' tanc" y dy y tanc" y c ' a1ybdyy b y tanc" y c #" ln a1 b y# b b C y tanc" y c ln 1 b y# b C

#
8. u sinc" y, du
dy
1 c y#
; dv dy, v y;
' sinc" y dy y sinc" y c ' y1 dyc y
y sinc" y b 1 c y# b C
9. u x, du dx; dv sec# x dx, v tan x;
' x sec# x dx x tan x c ' tan x dx x tan x b ln kcos xk b C
10.
11.
' 4x sec# 2x dx; [y 2x]
2x tan 2x c ln ksec 2xk b C
b
x$
c
3x#
b
6x
c
6
0
' y sec# y dy y tan y c ' tan y dy y tan y c ln ksec yk b C
ex
ex
ex
ex
ex
'
x$ ex dx x$ ex c 3x# ex b 6xex c 6ex b C ax$ c 3x# b 6x c 6b ex b C

12.
c
4p$
b
12p#
c
24p
b
24
p%
ecp
cecp
ecp
cecp
ecp
cecp
'
13.
acp% c 4p$ c 12p# c 24p c 24b ecp b C
ex
b
x# c 5x ex
c
2x c 5 ex
b
2
ex
' ax# c 5xb ex dx ax# c 5xb ex c (2x c 5)ex b 2ex b C x# ex c 7xex b 7ex b C
14.
p% ecp dp cp% ecp c 4p$ ecp c 12p# ecp c 24pecp c 24ecp b C
ax# c 7x b 7b ex b C
er
b
r# b r b 1 er
c
2r b 1
er
b
2
er
0
' ar# b r b 1b er dr ar# b r b 1b er c (2r b 1) er b 2er b C
car# b r b 1b c (2r b 1) b 2d er b C ar# c r b 2b er b C
ex
15.
x&
5x%
20x$
60x#
120x
120
0
b
ex
c
ex
b
ex
c
ex
b
ex
c
ex
' x& ex dx x& ex c 5x% ex b 20x$ ex c 60x# ex b 120xex c 120ex b C

ax& c 5x% b 20x$ c 60x# b 120x c 120b ex b C
503
504
16.
b
t#
c
2t
b
2
e4t
"
4
e4t
"
16
e4t
"
64
e4t
' t# e4t dt t4 e4t c 162t e4t b 642 e4t b C t4 e4t c 8t e4t b 3"# e4t b C
#
t4 c
#
17.
bC
"
4t
3# e
sin 2)
b
)# c 2" cos 2)
c
2) c "4 sin 2)
b
2 "8 cos 2)
'012 )# sin 2) d) c )#
18.
t
8
cos 2x
b
x$ "2 sin 2x
c
3x# c "4 cos 2x
b
6x c "8 sin 2x
c
"
6 16
cos 2x
1#
8
(c1) b
1
4
0b
'012 x$ cos 2x dx x#
19. u secc" t, du
dt
tt# c1
'23 t secc" t dt t#
2
51
9
c "# t# c 1
20. u sinc" ax# b , du
'01
1$
16
0b
; dv t dt, v
secc" t
#$
2x dx
1 cx %
#$
51
9
1
1#
b 1 c x%
(c1) c
c '23 t#
1
1#
sin 2) b
"
4
cos 2)
(c1) c <0 b 0 b
3x#
4
0c
31
8
dt
tt# c 1
3
8
c "# 3 c 34 c 1
"#
)
#
cos 2x c
3x
4
"
4
1#
!
sin 2x c
1#
8
3
8
"
#
cos 2x
(c1) c <0 b 0 c 0 c
3
8
1# c 4
8
1#
!
1
1 c 316
b
#
3
4
3 a4 c 1 # b
16
; dv 2x dx, v x# ;
"#
!
t#
#
2x sinc" ax# b dx cx# sinc" ax# bd !
31 #
16
"
4
sin 2x b
cos 2) b
c '0
b 34 c 1
x#
51
9
2
3
16 c '23
c "# 3 c
2x dx
1 c x%
1b63c12
1#
1
3
3
3
"# 16 b '0
t dt
2t# c 1
51
9
3
3
51 c 3 3
9
2 d 1 c x %
2 1 c x%
21. I ' e) sin ) d); cu sin ), du cos ) d); dv e) d), v e) d I e) sin ) c ' e) cos ) d);
cu cos ), du c sin ) d); dv e) d), v e) d I e) sin ) c e) cos ) b ' e) sin ) d)
e) sin ) c e) cos ) c I b Cw 2I ae) sin ) c e) cos )b b Cw I
another arbitrary constant
"
#
ae) sin ) c e) cos )b b C, where C
C
#
is

22. I ' ecy cos y dy; cu cos y, du c sin y dy; dv ecy dy, v cecy d
I cecy cos y c ' acecy b (csin y) dy cecy cos y c ' ecy sin y dy; cu sin y, du cos y dy;
dv ecy dy, v cecy d I cecy cos y c cecy sin y c ' acey b cos y dy cecy cos y b ecy sin y c I b Cw
2I ecy (sin y c cos y) b Cw I
"
#
aecy sin y c ecy cos yb b C, where C
23. I ' e2x cos 3x dx; <u cos 3x; du c3 sin 3x dx, dv e2x dx; v
is another arbitrary constant
e2x
' e2x sin 3x dx; <u sin 3x, du 3 cos 3x, dv e2x dx; v "# e2x
I "# e2x cos 3x b 3# "# e2x sin 3x c 3# ' e2x cos 3x dx "# e2x cos 3x b 34 e2x sin 3x c 94 I b Cw
24.
"
#
C
#
13
4
"
#
e2x cos 3x b
"
#
3
#
e2x cos 3x b 43 e2x sin 3x b Cw
e2x
13
(3 sin 3x b 2 cos 3x) b C, where C
4
13
Cw
' ec2x sin 2x dx; [y 2x] "# ' ecy sin y dy I; cu sin y, du cos y dy; dv ecy dy, v cecyd
I "# cecy sin y b ' ecy cos y dy cu cos y, du c sin y; dv ecy dy, v cecy d
I c "# ecy sin y b "# cecy cos y c ' acecy b (c sin y) dy c "# ecy (sin y b cos y) c I b Cw
2I c "# ecy (sin y b cos y) b Cw I c 4" ecy (sin y b cos y) b C c e 4 (sin 2x b cos 2x) b C, where
c2x
C
25.
C
#
' e3sb9 ds; 3s b 92 x

2
3
' xex dx
ds
2
3
x dx
' ex 23 x dx 23 ' xex dx; cu x, du dx; dv ex dx, v ex d ;
xex c ' ex dx
2
3
axex c ex b b C
2
3
26. u x, du dx; dv 1 c x dx, v c 23 (1 c x)$ ;
3s b 9 e3sb9 c e3sb9 b C
'01 x1 c x dx <c 23 (1 c x)$ x "! b 23 '01 (1 c x)$ dx 23 <c 25 (1 c x)&# !" 154
27. u x, du dx; dv tan# x dx, v ' tan# x dx '

tan x c x;'0
13
1
3
1$
x tan# x dx cx(tan x c x)d !
3 c 13 b ln
28. u ln ax b x# b, du
x ln ax b x# b c '
"
#
1#
18
(2x b 1) dx
x bx #
(2x b 1) dx
x b1
u ln x
29.
13
3
c ln 2 c
1#
18
sin# x
cos# x
dx '
" c cos# x
cos# x
c '0 (tan x c x) dx
13
1
3
dx '
dx
cos# x
3 c 13 b ln kcos xk b
; dv dx, v x; ' ln ax b x# b dx x ln ax b x# b c '
x ln ax b x# b c '
2(x b 1) c "
x b1
c ' dx
2x b "
x(x b 1)
1$
x#
# !
x dx
dx x ln ax b x# b c 2x b ln kx b 1k b C
' sin (ln x) dx; du "x dx
' (sin u) eu du. From Exercise 21, ' (sin u) eu du eu sin u c# cos u b C
dx eu du
"# ccx cos (ln x) b x sin (ln x)d b C
505
506

u ln z
30.
' z(ln z)# dz; du "z dz

dz eu du
e2u
b
u#
c
2u
b
2
"
2
e2u
"
4
e2u
"
8
e2u
'
' eu u# eu du ' e2u u# du;
u# e2u du
z
4
e2u c u# e2u b 4" e2u b C
u#
#
#
c2(ln z) c 2 ln z b 1d b C
e2u
4
c2u# c 2u b 1d b C
31. (a) u x, du dx; dv sin x dx, v c cos x;
S" '0 x sin x dx [cx cos x]1! b '0 cos x dx 1 b [sin x]1! 1
1
(b) S# c'1 x sin x dx c[cx cos x]#11 b '1 cos x dx c cc31 b [sin x]1#1 d 31
21
21
(c) S$ '21 x sin x dx [cx cos x]$#11 b '21 cos x dx 51 b [sin x]$#11 51
31
31
(d) S8b" (c1)nb1 'n1
nb11
x sin x dx (c1)nb1 c[cx cos x]nn1b11 b [sin x]nn1b11 d
(c1)nb1 cc(n b 1)1(c1)n b n1(c1)nb1 d b 0 (2n b 1)1
32. (a) u x, du dx; dv cos x dx, v sin x;
312
1
S" c '12 x cos x dx c [x sin x]13122 c '12 sin x dx c c 31
# c # c [cos x]12 21
312
312
(b) S# '312 x cos x dx [x sin x]&$1122 c '312 sin x dx < 5#1 c c 3#1 c [cos x]&$1122 41
512
512
(c) S$ c '512 x cos x dx c [x sin x](&1122 c '512 sin x dx c c 7#1 c

712
712
51
#
c [cos x](&1122 61
nb112
(d) Sn (c1)n '2nc112 x cos x dx (c1)n [x sin x]#
c n '2nc112 sin x dx
2nc112
2nb112
(c1)n (2nb# 1)1 (c1)n c
33. V '0
ln 2
2nb112
(2nc1)1
#
nb112
(c1)nc1 c [cos x]#
2nc112
"
#
(2n1 b 1 b 2n1 c 1) 2n1
21(ln 2 c x) ex dx 21 ln 2 '0 ex dx c 21'0 xex dx

ln 2
ln 2
(21 ln 2) cex d ln0 2 c 21 cxex d ln0 2 c '0 ex dx9

ln 2
21 ln 2 c 21 2 ln 2 c cex d ln0 2 c21 ln 2 b 21 21(1 c ln 2)
34. (a) V '0 21xecx dx 21 ccxecx d "! b '0 ecx dx9

1
21 c "e b ccecx d "! 21 c "e c

21 c
41
e
"
e
b 1

(b) V '0 21(1 c x)ecx dx; u 1 c x, du c dx; dv ecx dx,
1
v cecx ; V 21 c(1 c x) acecx bd "! c '0 ecx dx

1
21 [0 c 1(c1)] b cecx d "! 21 1 b
"
e
35. (a) V '0 21x cos x dx 21 [x sin x] !
1#
12
c 1
21
e
c '0 sin x dx9

12
1#
21 1# b [cos x] ! 21 1# b 0 c 1 1(1 c 2)
(b) V '0 21 1# c x cos x dx; u

12
V 21 < 1# c x sin
1#
x !
1
#
c x, du c dx; dv cos x dx, v sin x;
b 21'0 sin x dx 0 b 21[c cos x] !
1#
12
21(0 b 1) 21
36. (a) V '0 21x(x sin x) dx;

1
sin x
b
x# ccos x
c
2x csin x
b
2 cos x
V 21'0 x# sin x dx 21 ccx# cos x b 2x sin x b 2 cos xd ! 21 a1# c 4b

1
(b) V '0 21(1 c x)x sin x dx 21# '0 x sin x dx c 21 '0 x# sin x dx 21# [cx cos x b sin x]1! c a21$ c 81b
1
81
37. av(y)
"
1
"
#1
'021 2ect cos t dt
<ect sin t c# cos t #1

!
(see Exercise 22) av(y)
"
#1
a1 c ec21 b
'021 4ect (sin t c cos t) dt

21
21
12 '0 ect sin t dt c 12 '0 ect cos t dt
38. av(y)
2
1
2
1
"
#1
<ect c sin t#c cos t c ect sin t c# cos t #1

!
ccect sin td #!1 0
39. I ' xn cos x dx; cu xn , du nxnc" dx; dv cos x dx, v sin xd

I xn sin x c ' nxnc" sin x dx
507
508
40. I ' xn sin x dx; cu xn , du nxnc" dx; dv sin x dx, v ccos xd

I cxn cos x b ' nxnc" cos x dx
41. I ' xn eax dx; <u xn , du nxnc" dx; dv eax dx, v "a eax
I
xn eax ax
a e
' xnc" eax dx, a !
n
a
naln xbnc"
x
42. I ' aln xbn dx; u aln xbn , du

I xaln xbn c ' naln xbnc" dx
43.
44.
45.
dx; dv " dx, v x
' sinc" x dx x sinc" x c ' sin y dy x sinc" x b cos y b C x sinc" x b cos asinc" xb b C
' tanc" x dx x tanc" x c ' tan y dy x tanc" x b ln kcos yk b C x tanc" x b ln kcos atanc" xbk b C
' secc" x dx x secc" x c ' sec y dy x secc" x c ln ksec y b tan yk b C
x secc" x c ln ksec asecc" xb b tan asecc" xbk b C x secc" x c ln x b x# c 1 b C
46.
' log2 x dx x log2 x c ' 2y dy x log2 x c ln2 # b C x log2 x c lnx# b C

y
47. Yes, cosc" x is the angle whose cosine is x which implies sin acosc" xb 1 c x# .
48. Yes, tanc" x is the angle whose tangent is x which implies sec atanc" xb 1 b x# .
49. (a)
' sinhc" x dx x sinhc" x c ' sinh y dy x sinhc" x c cosh y b C x sinhc" x c cosh asinhc" xb b C;
check: d cx sinhc" x c cosh asinhc" xb b Cd sinhc" x b
sinh
(b)
' sinh
c"
c"
x dx
x dx x sinhc" x c ' x 1"
x sinhc" x c a1 b x# b
"#
bC
check: d x sinhc" x c a1 b x# b
50. (a)
"#
b x#
x
1 b x#
dx x sinhc" x c
b C sinhc" x b
x
1 b x#
"
1 b x#
dx
' a1 b x# bc"# 2x dx
x
1 b x#
dx sinhc" x dx
' tanhc" x dx x tanhc" x c ' tanh y dy x tanhc" x c ln kcosh yk b C

x tanhc" x c ln kcosh atanhc" xbk b C;
check: d cx tanhc" x c ln kcosh atanhc" xbk b Cd tanhc" x b

(b)
"
#
c sinh asinhc" xb
<tanhc" x b
x
1 c x#
x
1 c x#
dx tanhc" x dx
' tanhc" x dx x tanhc" x c ' 1 cx x

check: d <x tanhc" x b
"
#
x
1 c x#
sinh atanhc" xb
"
cosh atanhc" xb 1 c x#
dx
dx x tanhc" x c #" ' 1c2xx# dx x tanhc" x b #" ln k1 c x# k b C

ln k1 c x# k b C <tanhc" x b 1 cx x# c 1 cx x# dx tanhc" x dx
#
8.3 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS

1.
5x c 13
(x c 3)(x c 2)
A
xc3
B
xc2
5x c 13 A(x c 2) b B(x c 3) (A b B)x c (2A b 3B)
AbB5
cB (10 c 13) B 3 A 2; thus,
2A b 3B 13 I
5x c 13
(x c 3)(x c 2)
2
xc3
3
xc#
Section 8.3 Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Fractions

2.
3.
5x c 7
(x c 2)(x c 1)
A
xc2
xb4
(x b 1)#
A
xb1
xb4
(x b 1)#
2x b 2
x# c 2x b 1
B
(x b 1)#
B
xc1
5x c 7 A(x c 1) b B(x c 2) (A b B)x c (A b 2B)
1
xb1
2x b 2
(x c 1)#
3
xc2
A
z
z
z$ c z# c 6z
A
xc1
B
(x c 1)#
2x b 2
x# c 2x b 1
2
xc1
4
(x c 1)#
A2
cA b B 2 I
B
z#
"
z# c z c 6
"
(z c 3)(z b 2)
A
zc3
B
zb#
zb"
z# (z c 1)
1b
t# b 8
t# c 5t b 6
5t b 2
t# c 5t b 6
(after long division);
B c12 A 17; thus,

8.
t% b 9
t% b 9t#
9.
"
1 c x#
1b
1b
c9t# b 9
t% b 9t#
t# b 8
t# c 5t b 6
5t b 2
t# c 5t b 6
c9t# b 9
t# at# b 9b
#
1b
c2
z
c"
z#
2
zc1
1 A(z b 2) b B(z c 3) (A b B)z b (2A c 3B)
17
tc3
c12
tc2
c9t# b 9
t # at # b 9 b
z
z$ c z# c 6z
5t b 2
(t c 3)(t c 2)
5t b 2 A(t c 2) b B(t c 3) (A b B)t b (c2A c 3B)
10.
A1
A 1 and B 3;
A b B 4I
2x b 2 A(x c 1) b B Ax b (cA b B)
AbB0
c5B 1 B c "5 A 5" ; thus,
2A c 3B 1 I
7.
2
xc1
3
(x b 1)#
cA b B 1
B c1 A c2 C 2; thus,
cB 1
6.
b z cC 1 z b 1 Az(z c 1) b B(z c 1) b Cz# z b 1 (A b C)z# b (cA b B)z c B

AbC0
zb1
z# (z c 1)
5x c 7
x# c 3x b 2
x b 4 A(x b 1) b B Ax b (A b B)
A 2 and B 4; thus,
5.
AbB5
B 2 A 3; thus,
A b 2B 7 I
thus,
4.
5x c 7
x# c 3x b 2
A
tc3
A
t
"
5
zc3
c 5"
zb2
B
tc2
AbB5
cB (10 b 2) 12
c2A c 3B 2 I
B
t#
CtbD
t# b 9
#
c9t# b 9 At at# b 9b b B at b 9b b (Ct b D)t# (A b C)t$ b (B b D)t b 9At b 9B

AbC0
%
B b D c9
A 0 C 0; B 1 D c10; thus, t%t bb9t9# 1 b t"# b t#cb109
9A 0
9B 9
' 1 cdxx
"
x# b 2x
A
1cx
"
#
A
x
1 A(1 b x) b B(1 c x); x 1 A
B
1bx
' 1 dxc x b #" ' 1 dxb x #" cln k1 b xk c ln k1 c xkd b C
B
xb2
1 A(x b 2) b Bx; x 0 A
' x dxb 2x #" ' dxx c #" ' x dxb 2 #" cln kxk c ln kx b 2kd b C
"
#
"
#
; x c1 B
"
#
; x c2 B c #" ;
11.
12.
xb4
x# b 5x c 6
'x
xb4
b 5x c 6
2x b 1
x# c 7x b 12
'x
dx
2x b 1
c 7x b 12
A
xb6
A
xc4
2
7
B
xc1
x b 4 A(x c 1) b B(x b 6); x 1 B
; x c6 A
5
7
c2
c7
2
7
c7 ; x 4 A
9
1
' x dxb 6 b 75 ' x dxc 1 72 ln kx b 6k b 75 ln kx c 1k b C 7" ln k(x b 6)# (x c 1)& k b C
B
xc3
dx 9 '
2x b 1 A(x c 3) b B(x c 4); x 3 B
dx
xc4
c 7'
dx
xc3
9 ln kx c 4k c 7 ln kx c 3k b C ln
7
c1
c 4)*
(x
(x c 3)(
bC
9;
509
510
13.

y
y# c 2y c3
'4
14.
A
yc3
yb4
y# b y
'12
A
y
yb4
y# b y
ln
"
8
"
t$ bt# c2t
xb3
2x$ c 8x
dy 4 '12
c ln
"
16
b ln
B
tb2
A
t
1
6
A
x
"
16
x$
x# b 2x b 1
c 3 '12
dy
y
ln 27
8
27
8
< 43 ln ky c 3k b
"
3
;'
"
3
C
xc#
;x2 C
(x c 2) b
3x b 2
(x b 1)#
'0 (x c 2) dx b 3 '0
1
"
8
16 ln
c #" '
dt
t$ bt# c2t
dt
t
"
#
(x b 2) b
dx
xb1
3x c 2
(x c 1)#
"
6
dx c 83 '
xb3
2x$ c 8x
ln kx c 2k b C
"
16
dx
x
"
16
c '0
dx
(x b 1)#
A
xb1
x c1 C
"
4
3x b 2
(x b 1)#
A
xb1
B
(x b 1)#
20.
"
4
c #" c 2 b 3 ln 2 c
b
C
(x b 1)#
D
(x c 1)#
;x1 D
' x dxb 1 c 4" ' x dxc 1 b 4" ' (x bdx1)
x#
(x c 1) ax# b 2x b 1b
A
xc1
B
xb1
C c "2 ; x 1 A
21.
"
4
"
4
ln k(x c 1)(x b 1) k
4
1
(x b 1) ax# b 1b
A
xb1
"
2(x b 1)
"
#
c 3 ln 3#
"
4
bC
Bx b C
x# b 1
; x c2
3x c 2
(x c 1)#
A
xc1
"
(c#)
3x b 2 A(x b 1) b B
x dx
x# b 2x b 1
"
"
x b 1!
B
(x c 1)#
2 c 3 ln 2
3x c 2 A(x c 1) b B
x$ dx
x# c 2x b 1
!
c x c" 1
c"
1 A(x b 1)(x c 1)# b B(x c 1)(x b 1)# b C(x c 1)# b D(x b 1)# ;
"
#
"
4
; thus, A
"
4
"
4
' (x cdx1)
B c 4" ; '
b 1
ln xx c
1 c
dx
ax # c 1 b #
x
2 ax# c 1b
bC
x# A(x b 1)# b B(x c 1)(x b 1) b C(x c 1); x c1
; coefficient of x# A b B A b B 1 B
#
3
c8
; coefficient of x$ A b B A b B 0; constant A c B b C b D
C
(x b 1)#
' x dxc 1 b 43 ' x dxb 1 c 2" ' (x bdx1)

$
c3 ;
AcBbCbD1 AcB
ln 5
&
"
(c1)
B
xc1
3
c1
"
4
ln (x c 2)x'(x b 2) b C
x# c 2x b 3 ln kx b 1k b
ln 9 c 43 ln 1 b
' x dxb 2 b 165 ' x dxc 2
x
' dx
'c1 (x b 2) dx b 3 'c1 x dx
c 1 b c1 (x c 1)# # b 2x b 3 ln kx c 1k
0 b 0 b 3 ln 1 c
' tbdt2 b 3" ' tcdt1
Ax b (cA b B) A 3, cA b B c2 A 3, B 1; 'c1
0
3
4
(x b 3) A(x b 2)(x c 2) b Bx(x c 2) b Cx(x b 2); x 0 A
;'
5
16
"
ax # c 1 b #
"
4
27
4
"# c 2 b 3 ln 2 b "# c (1) 3 ln 2 c 2
19.
;y3 A
c4 ln kyk c 3 ln ky b 1kd ""# (4 ln 1 c 3 ln 2) c 4 ln
ln kt c 1k b C
5
16
ln kx b 2k b
"
16
dy
yb1
Ax b (A b B) A 3, A b B 2 A 3, B c1; '0
x$
x# c 2x b 1
"
4
ln ky b 1k % 43 ln 5 b
"
4
18.
1 A(t b 2)(t c 1) b Bt(t c 1) b Ct(t b 2); t 0 A c "# ; t c2
C
tc1
ln kt b 2k b
B
xb2
c 38 ln kxk b
dy
yb1
;t1 C
"
6
'4
c1
c4
y b 4 A(y b 1) b By; y 0 A 4; y c1 B
B
yb1
c "# ln ktk b
17.
'
y A(y b 1) b B(y c 3); y c1 B
B
yb1
16.
y dy
dy
"
3
y# c 2y c 3 4 4 y c 3 b 4
"
"
ln 15
# ln 5 b # ln 3 #
15.
"
4
ln kx c 1k b
3
4
ln kx b 1k b
"
#(x b 1)
bC
3
4
1 A ax# b 1b b (Bx b C)(x b 1); x c1 A
A b B A b B 0 B c 12 ; constant A b C A b C 1 C
"
#
;'
"
#
x# dx
(x c 1) ax# b 2x b 1b
; coefficient of x#
; '0
dx
(x b 1) ax# b 1b
"
2
'01 x dxb 1 b #" '01 (cx x bb 11) dx < #" ln kx b 1k c 4" ln ax# b 1b b #" tanc" x "!
"# ln 2 c
22.
3t# b t b 4
t$ b t
"
4
A
t
ln 2 b
tanc" 1 c #" ln 1 c
"
4
ln 1 b
"
#
tanc" 0
"
4
ln 2 b #" 14
4 '1
b '1
dt
t
4 ln 3 c
2 ln 3 c
y# b 2y b 1
ay # b 1 b #
$
"
#
"
#
(ct b 1)
t# b 1
dt <4 ln ktk c
"
2
ln at# b 1b b tanc" t "
ln 4 b tanc" 3 c 4 ln 1 c
ln 2 b
Ay b B
y# b 1
1
1#
(1 b 2 ln 2)
8
3t# b t b 4 A at# b 1b b (Bt b C)t; t 0 A 4; coefficient of t#
Bt b C
t# b 1
A b B A b B 3 B c1; coefficient of t C C 1; '1
23.
"
#
511
ln 92 b
"
#
1
1#
3t# b t b 4
t$ b 1
ln 2 b tanc" 1 2 ln 3 c ln 2 b
1
3
dt
"
#
ln 2 c
1
4
y# b 2y b 1 (Ay b B) ay# b 1b b Cy b D
Cy b D
ay # b 1 b #
Ay b By# b (A b C)y b (B b D) A 0, B 1; A b C 2 C 2; B b D 1 D 0;
'y
24.
dy '
b 2y b 1
ay # b 1 b #
8x# b 8x b 2
a4x# b 1b#
$
Ax b B
4x# b 1
"
y# b 1
dy b 2 '
y
ay # b 1 b #
dy tanc" y c
"
y# b 1
bC
8x# b 8x b 2 (Ax b B) a4x# b 1b b Cx b D
Cx b D
a4x# b 1b#
4Ax b 4Bx# b (A b C)x b (B b D); A 0, B 2; A b C 8 C 8; B b D 2 D 0;
' 8x
dx 2 '
2s b 2
as# b 1b (s c 1)$
#
b 8x b 2
a4x# b 1b#
25.
dx
4x# b 1
As b B
s# b 1
$
C
sc1
#
b 8'
b
x dx
a4x# b 1b#
D
(s c 1)#
tanc" 2x c
E
(s c 1)$
#
"
4x# b 1
bC
2s b 2
(As b B)(s c 1) b C as b 1b (s c 1) b D as b 1b (s c 1) b E as# b 1b

cAs% b (c3A b B)s$ b (3A c 3B)s# b (cA b 3B)s c Bd b C as% c 2s$ b 2s# c 2s b 1b b D as$ c s# b s c 1b
b E as# b 1b
(A b C)s% b (c3A b B c 2C b D)s$ b (3A c 3B b 2C c D b E)s# b (cA b 3B c 2C b D)s b (cB b C c D b E)
b C
0
A
c3A b B c 2C b D
0
3A c 3B b 2C c D b E 0
summing all equations 2E 4 E 2;
cA b 3B c 2C b D
2
cBb CcDbE2
#
summing eqs (2) and (3) c2B b 2 0 B 1; summing eqs (3) and (4) 2A b 2 2 A 0; C 0
from eq (1); then c1 b 0 c D b 2 2 from eq (5) D c1;
' as
26.
2s b 2
b 1b (s c 1)$
s% b 81
As
s as # b 9 b #
%
ds '
Bs b C
s# b 9
ds
s# b 1
c'
Ds b E
as # b 9 b #
%
ds
(s c 1)#
b 2'
ds
(s c 1)$
c(s c 1)c# b (s c 1)c" b tanc" s b C

#
s% b 81 A as# b 9b b (Bs b C)s as# b 9b b (Ds b E)s
A as b 18s# b 81b b aBs b Cs$ b 9Bs# b 9Csb b Ds# b Es

(A b B)s% b Cs$ b (18A b 9B b D)s# b (9C b E)s b 81A 81A 81 or A 1; A b B 1 B 0;
C 0; 9C b E 0 E 0; 18A b 9B b D 0 D c18; '

ln ksk b
27.
9
as # b 9 b
2) $ b 5) # b 8 ) b 4
a) # b 2 ) b 2 b #
$
bC
A) b B
) # b #) b 2
C) b D
a) # b 2 ) b 2 b#
s% b81
s as # b 9 b #
ds '
ds
s
c 18 '
s ds
as # b 9 b #
2)$ b 5)# b 8) b 4 (A) b B) a)# b 2) b 2b b C) b D
A) b (2A b B))# b (2A b 2B b C)) b (2B b D) A 2; 2A b B 5 B 1; 2A b 2B b C 8 C 2;
2B b D 4 D 2; '
'
2) b 2
) # b 2) b 2
d) c '
2) $ b 5) # b 8 ) b 4
a) # b 2 ) b 2 b #
d)
) # b 2) b #
b'
d) '
d a) # b 2 ) b 2 b
a) # b 2 ) b 2 b #
2) b 1
a) # b 2 ) b 2 b
'
d) b '
d a) # b 2 ) b 2 b
) # b 2) b #
2) b 2
a ) # b 2 ) b 2 b#
c'
d)
() b 1)# b 1
d)
"
) # b 2) b #
512
28.
c"
) # b 2) b #
b ln a)# b 2) b 2b c tanc" () b 1) b C
) % c 4) $ b 2) # c 3) b 1
a) # b 1 b $
A) b B
)# b 1
C) b D
a) # b 1 b #
) % c 4) $ b 2 ) # c 3 ) b 1
E) b F
a) # b 1b $
(A) b B) a)# b 1b b (C) b D) a)# b 1b b E) b F (A) b B) a)% b 2)# b 1b b aC)$ b D)# b C) b Db b E) b F

aA)& b B)% b 2A)$ b 2B)# b A) b Bb b aC)$ b D)# b C) b Db b E) b F
A)& b B)% b (2A b C))$ b (2B b D))# b (A b C b E)) b (B b D b F) A 0; B 1; 2A b C c4
C c4; 2B b D 2 D 0; A b C b E c3 E 1; B b D b F 1 F 0;
')
29.
30.
c 4) $ b 2) # c 3) b 1
a) # b 1 b $
2x$ c 2x# b 1
x# c x
2x b
ax# b 1b b
c 4'
d)
)# b 1
2x b
"
x# c x
x 1 B 1; '
x%
x# c 1
d) '
2x$ c 2x# b 1
x# c x
"
x(x c 1)
x c1 A c "# ; x 1 B
31.
x$ b x c
"
3
9x$ c 3x b 1
x$ c x#
#
"
#
ln kx b 1k b
9b
9x# c 3x b "
x# (x c 1)
"
#
b'
) d)
a) # b 1b $
tanc" ) b 2 a)# b 1b
"
x(x c 1)
1 A(x c 1) b Bx; x 0 A c1;
' 2x dx c '
ax# b 1b b
"
x# c 1
) d)
a) # b 1 b #
dx
x
b'
"
(x b 1)(x c 1)
"
#
;'
ln kx c 1k b
A
x
B
xc1
dx
xc1
'
x
ax#
x# c 1 dx
$
C x3 b x b #" ln
%
9x# c 3x b 1
x# (x c 1)
#
c "4 a)# b 1b
c#
bC
x# c ln kxk b ln kx c 1k b C x# b ln x cx 1 b C
"
(x b 1)(x c 1)
c"
A
xb1
b 1b dx c
c 1
xx b
1 bC
A
x
B
x#
B
xc1
1 A(x c 1) b B(x b 1);
' x dxb 1 b #" ' x dxc 1
"
#
C
xc1
9x c 3x b 1 Ax(x c 1) b B(x c 1) b Cx ; x 1 C 7; x 0 B c1; A b C 9 A 2;
' 9x xcc3xx b 1 dx ' 9 dx b 2 ' dxx c ' dxx b 7 ' xdxc1 9x b 2 ln kxk b x" b 7 ln kx c 1k b C
$
32.
16x$
4x# c 4x b 1
(4x b 4) b
12x c 4
4x# c 4x b 1
A 6; cA b B c4 B 2; '
2(x b 1)# b 3 ln k2x c 1k c
33.
yc
y% b y# c 1
y$ b y
"
y ay # b 1 b
A
2x c 1
"
2x c 1
16x$
4x# c 4x b 1
C" 2x# b
A
y
"
y ay # b 1 b
By b C
y# b 1
A 1; A b B 0 B c1; C 0; '
34.
12x c 4
(2x c 1)#
y#
#
c ln kyk b
2y%
y$ c y# b y c 1
"
#
ln a1 b y# b b C
2y b 2 b
2
y$ c y# b y c 1
B
(2x c 1)#
12x c 4 A(2x c 1) b B
dx 4 ' (x b 1) dx b 6 '
dx
2x c 1
c"
4x b 3 ln k2x c 1k c (2x c 1)
b 2'
dx
(2x c 1)#
b C, where C 2 b C"
1 A ay# b 1b b (By b C)y (A b B)y# b Cy b A
y% b y# c 1
y$ b y
2
y$ c y# b y c 1
#
dy ' y dy c '
2
ay# b 1b (y c 1)
#
A
yc1
dy
y
b'
y dy
y# b 1
By b C
y# b 1
2 A ay# b 1b b (By b C)(y c 1) aAy b Ab b aBy b Cy c By c Cb (A b B)y# b (cB b C)y b (A c C)

A b B 0, cB b C 0 or C B, A c C A c B 2 A 1, B c1, C c1;
'y
2y%
c y# b y c 1
#
dy 2 ' (y b 1) dy b '
(y b 1) b ln ky c 1k c
where C C" b 1
35.
'e
36.
'e
2t
4t
et dt
b 3et b 2
b 2e2t c et
e2t b 1
y2
2
"
#
cet yd'
dt '
"
#
dy
yc1
c'
y
y# b 1
dy c '
dy
y# b 1
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C" y# b 2y b ln ky c 1k c
dy
y# b 3y b 2
e3t b 2et c 1 t
e2t b 1 e dt;
'
dy
yb1
c'
dy
yb2
y et
dy et dt
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C
"
2
e2t b
"
#
"
#
ln ay# b 1b c tanc" y b C,
b1
e b1
ln yy b
2 b C ln et b # b C
'y
b 2y c 1
y# b 1
dy ' y b
ln ae2t b 1b c tanc" aet b b C
yc1
y# b 1
dy
y2
2
b'
y
y# b 1
dy c '
dy
y# b 1

37.
' sin ycosb ysindyy c 6 ; [sin y t, cos y dy dt]

#
38.
' cos )sinb )cosd)) c 2 ; ccos ) yd
c'
39.
yc2
ln sin
sin y b 3 b C
"
5
't
dy
y# b y c 2
b cos )
"
cos ) c 1
ln 21 c
cos ) b C c 3 ln cos ) b 2 b C
"
3
dy
btc6
"
3
"
5
' t c" 2 c t b" 3 dt "5 ln tt bc 23 b C
' y dyb 2 c 3" '
dy
yc1
"
3
b2
ln yy c
1 b C
"
3
cos ) b 2
ln cos
)c1 bC
c" (2x)
c 12x$ c 3x
' (x c 2)a4xtan# c"b 1(2x)
' (x cx 2)# dx
dx ' tan
4x# b 1 dx c 3
b (x c 2)#
' (x cdx2) atanc"4 2xb# c 3 ln kx c 2k b x c6 2 b C
"# ' tanc" (2x) d atanc" (2x)b c 3' x dx
c2 c6
#
40.
c" (3x) b 9x$ b x

c" (3x)
' (x b 1)a9xtan
' (x bx 1)# dx
dx ' tan
# b 1b (x b 1)#
9x# b 1 dx b
' (x bdx1) atanc"6 3xb# b ln kx b 1k b x b1 1 b C
3" ' tanc" (3x) d atanc" (3x)b b ' x dx
b1 c
#
41. at# c 3t b 2b
"
#
dx
dt
42. a3t% b 4t# b 1b
1; x '
tc2
tc1
dx
dt
tc2
c 2
x
' t cdt 2 c ' t cdt 1 ln tt c
1 b C; t c 1 Ce ; t 3 and x 0
2
"# ex x ln 2 tt c
ln kt c 2k c ln kt c 1k b ln 2
c1
dt
t# c 3t b 2
23; x 23'
dt
3t% b 4t# b 1
3'
3 tanc" 3t c 3 tanc" t b C; t 1 and x
c1 3
4
dt
t# b
"
3
c 3'
31
4
dt
t# b 1
1c
3
4
1 b C C c1
x 3 tanc" 3t c 3 tanc" t c 1
43. at# b 2tb
dx
dt
2x b 2;
"
#
' x dxb 1 ' t
t 1 and x 1 ln 2 ln
x
44. (t b 1)
6t
tb#
c 1, t 0
x# b 1
dx
dt
"
3
tanc" 14
ln kx b 1k ln t bt # b C;
b C C ln 2 b ln 3 ln 6 ln kx b 1k ln 6 t bt 2 x b 1 t b6t #
#
' x dxb 1 ' t bdt 1

#
1 tan
45. V 1 '0 5 y# dx 1 '0 5

25
25
c"
dt
b 2t
9
3x c x#
13
3
"
A
"
A
"
A
"
A
'0
'1
13
3
ln ax b 1b 0
x tanc" x dx
3
" #
c"
< # x tan x 0 c
"
#
'0
1# c < #" ax c tanc" xb 0

1# c
3
#
b 16
"
A
c #" '
dt
tb2
231 c
1
4
tanc"
2x
"
(x b 1)(2 c x) dx 41 0 c 3
"
ln k2 c xkb ! 431 (ln 2)
dt
t
25
< "#
'
#&
dx 31 '0 5 c x c" 3 b x" 9 dx <31 ln x cx 3 !& 31 ln 25
47. A '0 tanc" x dx cx tanc" xd 0 c '0
"
#
x ln kt b 1k b 1 x tan (ln (t b 1) b 1), t c1
<c 431 aln kx b 1k b 2
ln kx b 1k
tanc" x ln kt b 1k b C; t 0 and x
46. V 21 '0 xy dx 21'0

1
"
#
c ln 2;
x#
1 b x#
3
#
x
1 b x#
x b" 1 b 23 2 c" x dx
dx
dx9
1.10
1
4
ln k1k b C
513
514
48. A '3
49. (a)
4x# b 13x c 9
x$ b 2x# c 3x
dx 3'3
x a4x# b 13x c 9b
x$ b 2x# c 3x
"
A
'3
dx
dt
kx(N c x) '
"
250 ,
dx
x
dx
"
A
c '3
dx
xb3
c4xd $ b 3 '3
&
N 1000, t 0 and x 2
50.
dx
dt
k(a c x)(b c x)
(a) a b:
' (a cdxx)
"
acx
(b) a b:
' k dt
akt b "
a
acx
dx
' (a c x)(b
' k dt
c x)
t 0 and x 0
x
51. (a)
(b)
ab <1 c ebcakt
a c bebcakt
'01 x x(x bc 11)

%
22
7
c1
1
"
bca
ln
b
a
"
N
"
1000
499x
4t
1000 c x e
1000e4t
499 b e4t 500
dx
(a c x)(bcx)
dx
xc1
dx
xb3
' k dt
dx
x(N c x)
N 500 500
"
#
499x
ln 1000
c x 4t
(b) x
b 2'3
c3 ln kxk c ln kx b 3k b 2 ln kx c 1kd &$ ln
b 2 '3
dx
x c 1
"
A
3.90
(8 b 11 ln 2 c 3 ln 6)
' dxx b N" ' Ndxc x ' k dt
2
ln 998
C
"
1000
"
b ca
xac
a
akt b 1
"
a
a kt
akt b 1
' a dxc x c b c" a ' b dxc x ' k dt
dx '0 x' c 4x& b 5x% c 4x# b 4 c
100%
0.04%
x
ln N c
x kt b C;
t
250
"
1000
499 b 500e4t 1000e4t e4t 499 t
cx
b
C ln ba c
x (b c a)kt b ln a
"
ln 499
499x e4t (1000 c x) a499 b e4t b x 1000e4t x
kt b C; t 0 and x 0
a
akt b 1
"
N
ln 1000x c x
k dt
"
a cx
125
9
4
x# b 1
dx
22
7
"
acx
kt b
"
4
1000e4t
499 b e4t
ln 499 1.55 days
"
a
"
bcx
bca ln a c x kt
bcx
b bcakt
acx a e
b C;
c1
(c) The area is less than 0.003
52. P(x) ax# b bx b c, P(0) c 1 and Pw (0) 0 b 0 P(x) ax# b 1. Next,

ax# b 1
x$ (x c 1)#
A
x
B
x#
#
C
x$
D
xc1
E
(x c 1)#
#
; for the integral to be a rational function, we must have A 0 and
D 0. Thus, ax b 1 Bx(x c 1) b C(x c 1)# b Ex$ (B b E)x$ b (C c 2B)x# b (B c 2C)x b C

B b E 0
C c 2B a
E cB; x 1 a b 1 E; therefore, 1 c 2B a 1 b 2E a 1 b 2(a b 1) a
C "
a c3
Section 8.4 Trigonometric Integrals
515
8.4 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS
1.
'01/2 sin5 x dx '01/2 asin# xb# sin x dx '01/2 a" c cos# xb# sin x dx '01/2 a" c 2cos# x b cos4 xbsin x dx
'0 sin x dx c '0 2cos# x sin x dx b '0 cos4 x sin x dx ccos x b # cos3 x c
1/2
1/2
a!b c c" b
2.
3.
c "&
1#
sin3 x
3 c1#
" c "$ c c" b "$
2
$
b "& c a!b
1/6
)
"&
1 6
sin5 3x
5 0
'01/2 sin7 y dy '01/2 sin6 y sin y dy '01/2 a" c cos2 yb$ sin y dy '01/2 sin y dy c $'01/2 cos2 y sin y dy
b $'0 cos4 y sin y dy c '0 cos6 y sin y dy ccos y b $ cos3 y c $ cos5 y b
1/2
&
1#
cos( y
( 0
a!b c c" b " c
$
&
b "(
"'
$&
'01/2 7cos7 t dt (using Exercise 5) 7'01/2 cos t dt c $'01/2 sin2 t cos t dt b $'01/2 sin4 t cos t dt c '01/2 sin6 t cos t dt
&
1#
sin( t
( 0
7" c " b
$
&
c "( c 7a!b
"'
&
1
1
1
1
4x
#x #
'01 )sin4 x dx )'01 " c cos
dx #'0 a" c #cos #x b cos# #xbdx #'0 dx c #'0 cos #x #dx b #'0 " b cos
dx
#
#
1
1
1
c#x c #sin #xd 10 b '0 dx b '0 cos 4x dx #1 b <x b "# sin 4x 0 #1 b 1 $1
'01 )cos4 21x dx )'01 " b cos# 41x # dx #'01 a" b #cos 41x b cos# 41xbdx #'01 dx b %'01 cos 41x dx b #'01 " b cos# )1x dx
1
1
"
"
<#x b 1" sin 41x 0 b '0 dx b '0 cos )1x dx # b <x b )"1 sin )1x 0 # b " $
1/4
1/4
1/4
#x " b cos #x
4x
'c11/4/4 16 sin# x cos# x dx 16'c11/4/4 " c cos
dx %'c1/4 a" c cos# #xbdx %'c1/4 dx c %'c1/4 " b cos
dx
#
#
#
1/4
'
'
<
c4xd c
1/4 c # c1/4 dx c # c1/4 cos 4x dx 1 b 1 c 2x b
1/4
10.
"'
"&
%
$
1/6
9.
c &#
'0 cos 3x 3dx c #'0 sin# 3x cos 3x 3dx b '0 sin% 3x cos 3x 3dx sin 3x c # sin33x b
7sin t c $ sin3 t b $ sin5 t c
8.
%
$
'01/6 3cos5 3x dx '01/6 acos# 3xb# cos 3x 3dx '01/6 a" c sin# 3xb# cos 3x 3dx '01/6 a" c #sin# 3x b sin% 3xbcos 3x 3dx
1/2
7.
1/2
cos5 x
5 0
'c11/2/2 cos3 x dx 'c11/2/2 acos# xbcos x dx 'c11/2/2 a" c sin# xbcos x dx 'c11/2/2 cos x dx c 'c11/2/2 sin# x cos x dx
" c
6.
)
"&
<c#cos x2 b 3% cos3 2x c 5# cos5 2x 0 a!b c c# b
1/6
5.
'01 sin5 x2 dx (using Exercise 1) '01 sin x2 dx c '01 2cos# x2 sin x2 dx b '01 cos4 x2 sin x2 dx
sin x c
4.
#
$
1/2
1/4
sin 4x 1/4
=21
2
c1/4
c 1# c c 1# 1
1
1
1
1
#y # " b cos #y
'01 8 sin4 y cos# y dy 8'01 " c cos
dy '0 dy c '0 cos #y dy c '0 cos# #y dy b '0 cos$ #y dy
#
#
1
1
1
1
1
1
4y
<y c "2 sin 2y 0 c '0 " b cos
dy b '0 a" c sin# #ybcos #y dy 1 c "# '0 dy c "# '0 cos 4y dy b '0 cos #y dy
#
1
1
c '0 sin# #y cos #y dy 1 b c "# y c ") sin 4y b "# sin 2y c "# sin32y 1 c 1# 1#
3
516
11.
'01/2 35 sin4 x cos3 x dx '01/2 35 sin4 x a" c sin# xbcos x dx 35'01/2 sin4 x cos x dx c 35'01/2 sin6 x cos x dx
35 sin5 x c 35 sin7 x
5
12.
1/2
0
a7 c 5b c a!b #
'01 cos2 2x sin 2x dx c "# cos3 2x 1 c "' b "' !

3
13.
'01/4 8cos3 2) sin 2) d) 8c "# cos4 2) 1/4 cccos4 2)d 10 /4 a!b c ac"b "
4
14.
'01/2 sin2 2) cos3 2) d) '01/2 sin2 2)a" c sin2 2)bcos 2) d) '01/2 sin2 2) cos 2) d) c '01/2 sin4 2) cos 2) d)
"#
15.
16.
sin3 2)
3
"
#
1/2
sin5 2)
5 0
'021 " c #cos x dx '021 sin x# dx '021 sin x# dx <c#cos x# 20 1 # b # %
'01 " c cos 2x dx '01 # lsin 2x ldx '01 # sin 2x dx c#cos 2x 1 # b # ##

0
17.
18.
19.
'01 " c sin# t dt '01 l cos t ldt '01/2 cos t dt c '11/2 cos t dt csin td 10 /2 c csin td 11/2 " c ! c ! b " #
'01 " c cos# ) d) '01 l sin ) ld) '01 sin ) d) cccos )d 10 " b " #
'c11/4/4 " b tan# x dx 'c11/4/4 l sec x ldx 'c11/4/4 sec x dx clnl sec x b tan x ld c1/41/4 ln# b " c ln# c "
"
ln ## b
# ln" b #
c"
20.
'c11/4/4 sec# x c " dx 'c11/4/4 l tan x ldx c'c!1/4 tan x dx b '!1/4 tan x dx cclnl sec x ld !c1
clna"b b ln# b ln# c lna"b # ln# ln #
21.
22.
b cclnl sec x ld 1! /4
'01/2 )" c cos 2) d) '01/2 )# l sin ) l d) #'01/2 ) sin ) d) # cc)cos ) b sin )d 10 /2 #a"b #
'c11 a" c cos# tb$# dt 'c11 asin# tb$# dt 'c11 sin$ t dt c'c!1 sin$ t dt b '!1 sin$ t dt c'c!1 a" c cos# tbsin t dt
b '! a" c cos# tbsin t dt c'c1 sin t dt b 'c1 cos# t sin t dt b '! sin t dt c '! cos# t sin t dt cos t c
!
b ccos t b
23.
/4
1
cos3 t
3 !
" c
"
$
b " c "$ b " c
"
$
b " c "$
)
$
'c!1/3 2 sec$ x dx; u sec x, du sec x tan x dx, dv sec# x dx, v tan x;
!
cos3 t
3 c1
'c!1/3 2 sec$ x dx c2 sec x tan xd !c1$ c #'c!1/3 sec x tan2 x dx # " ! c # # $ c #'c!1/3 sec x asec2 x c "bdx
%$ c #'c1/3 sec$ x dx b #'c1/3 sec x dx; 2'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx %$ b c#ln l sec x + tan xld !c1$
!
2'c1/3 2 sec$ x dx %$ b #ln l " + !l c #ln l # c $ l %$ c # ln # c $

!
'c!1/3 2 sec$ x dx #$ c ln #
c $
Section 8.4 Trigonometric Integrals

24.
25.
' ex sec$ aex bdx; u secaex b, du secaex btanaex bex dx, dv sec# aex bex dx, v tanaex b.
' ex sec$ aex b dx secaex btanaex b c ' secaex btan# aex bex dx
secaex btanaex b c ' secaex basec# aex b c "bex dx
secaex btanaex b c ' sec$ aex bex dx b ' secaex bex dx
#' ex sec$ aex b dx secaex btanaex b b lnsecaex b b tanaex b b C
' ex sec$ aex b dx "# secaex btanaex b b lnsecaex b b tanaex b b C
'!1/4 sec4 ) d) '!1/4
" b "$ c a!b
26.
%
$
1/4
112
tan3 a3xb
3
!
sec2 ) d) b '!
1/4
" b "$ c a!b
%
$
tan2 ) sec2 ) d) tan ) b
sec2 a3xb3dx b '!
1/12
1 4
tan3 )
3 !
tan2 a3xb sec2 a3xb3dx
'11/4/2 csc4 ) d) '11/4/2 a" b cot# )bcsc# ) d) '11/4/2 csc# ) d) b '11/4/2 cot# ) csc# ) d) ccot ) c cot3 ) 12
$
a!b c c" c "$
28.
a" b tan2 )bsec2 ) d) '!
'!1/12 3sec4 a3xb dx '!1/12 a" b tan2 a3xbbsec2 a3xb3dx '!1/

tan a3xb b
27.
1/4
%
$
'11/2 $csc4 #) d) $'11/2 " b cot# #) csc# #) d) $'11/2 csc# #) d) b $'11/2 cot# #) csc# #) d) c'cot #) c ' cot3
$)
#
ac' ! c # !b c ac' " c # "b )
29.
'c11/4/4 6 tan4 x dx 6'c11/4/4
1/4
1/4
1 4
xd c14
1/4
14
c'xd c14
14
1/4
c1 4
% c 'a" c ac"bb b
c 6'c1/4 sec# x dx b 6'c1/4 dx
$1
#
$1
#
1/4
$1 c )
c "# "$
c $ b
ln #$
c ln #
%
$
16
c ln$
'11/4/2 8 cot4 t dt 8'11/4/2 acsc2 t c " bcot2 t dt 8'11/4/2 csc2 t cot2 t dt c 8'11/4/2 cot2 t dt
c8c cot3 t
3
34.
asec# x c "btan2 x dx 6'c1/4 sec# x tan2 x dx c 6'c1/4 tan2 x dx
'11/6/3 cot3 x dx '11/6/3 acsc2 x c " bcot x dx '11/6/3 csc2 x cot x dx c '11/6/3 cot x dx c cot# x b ln l csc xl 13
33.
1 2
6'c1/4 sec2 x tan2 x dx c 6'c1/4 asec2 x c 1bdx ' tan$ x

#a" c ac"bb c c'tan
32.
1/4
31.
'01/4 4 tan3 x dx 4'01/4 asec# x c "btan x dx 4'01/4 sec# x tan x dx c 4'01/4 tan x dx % tan# x c % ln lsec xl 14
2a"b c %ln# c # ! b %ln " # c #ln #
30.
517
12
14
c 8'1/4 acsc2 t c " bdt c 3) a! c "b b c)cot td 14 b c)td 14

1/2
12
12
)
$
b )a! c "b b %1 c #1 #1 c
'c!1 sin 3x cos 2x dx "# 'c!1 asin x b sin 5xb dx "# <ccos x c "& cos 5x !c1 "# c " c "& c " c "& c '&
'!12 sin 2x cos 3x dx #" '!12 asinacxb b sin 5xb dx "# <cosacxb c "& cos 5x 1! 2 "# a!b c "# " c "& c #&
"'
$
518
35.
36.
37.
38.
'c11 sin 3x sin 3x dx "# 'c11 acos ! c cos 6xb dx "# 'c11 dx c "# 'c11 cos 6x dx "# <x c "#" sin 6x c1 1 1# b 1# c ! 1
'!12 sin x cos x dx "# '!12 asin ! b sin 2xb dx "# '!12 sin 2x dx c "% ccos 2xd 1! # c "% ac" c "b "#
'!1 cos 3x cos 4x dx "# '!1 acosacxb b cos 7xb dx "2 <csinacxbb (" sin 7x 1! 2" a0b 0
'c1122 cos 7x cos x dx "# 'c1122 acos 6x b cos 8xb dx 2" < 6" sin 6xb 8" sin 8x 1c122 0
39. x t#$ t# x$ ; y
A '!
2#$
#1
#( "
t#
#
x$
# ;!
#1 x# " b *% x% dx;
$
#$ $#
b * 2
40. y lnacos xb; y w
c "
csin x
cos x
t # ! x 2#$ ;
u 9% x%
du 9x$ dx
1
9
'!*2
*2#$
" b u du 1 # a" b ub$#

9 $
ctan x; ay w b# tan# x; '!
" b tan# x dx '
13
tan x;ay w b# tan# x; '!
" b tan# x dx '
14
13
ln2 b $ c lna" b !b ln2 b $
41. y lnasec xb; y w
#$
sec x tan x
sec x
14
ln# b " c lna! b "b ln# b "
lsec xl dx clnlsec x b tan xld !1/3
lsec xl dx clnlsec x b tan xld !1/4
1/4
#b"
42. M 'c14 sec x dx clnlsec x b tan xld c

14 ln # b " c ln l # c "l ln # c "
1 4
'
ln # b " c14
#c"
1 4
"
sec# x
#
ax, yb ! ln
dx
#b" c"
#c"
43. V 1'! sin# x dx 1'!

1
"
#ln # b "
#c"
1 4
ctan xd c14
"
#ln # b "
#c"
#
#
" c cos 2x
2
dx
1
#
1%
#
#
1%
$1%
csin 2xd 1% b
#
#
csin 2xd 1$1%
45. (a) m# n# m b n ! and m c n ! 'k
kb#1
(b) Same as part since
cos 2x dx c # '1% cos 2x dx b # '$1% cos 2x dx
#
#
$1%
a" c !b c
#
#
sin mx sin nx dx
"
#
ac" c "b b
#
#
a ! b "b # b # # #
'kkb#1 ccosam c nbx c cosam b nbxddx
" < "

"
kb#1
# m c n sinam c nbx c m b n sinam b nbx k
" "
"
"
" "
# m c n sinaam c nba k b #1bb c m b n sinaam b nba k b #1bb c # m c n sinaam c nbkb c m b n sinaam b
"
"
"
"
#amcnb sinaam c nbkb c #am b nb sinaam b nbkb c #am c nb sinaam c nbkb b #am b nb sinaam b nbkb !
sin mx and sin nx are orthogonal.
#c"
'!1 dx c 1# '!1 cos 2x dx 1# cxd 1! c 14 csin 2xd 1! 1# a1 c !b c 14 a! c !b 1#
csin 2xd !
"
ln # b "
44. A '! " b cos 4x dx '! # lcos 2xldx # '!

1
a" c ac"bb
"
#
'k
kb#1
"
#
'kkb#1 cos ! dx 1.
m# n# m b n ! and m c n ! 'k
c
c
cos mx cos nx dx
"
kb#1
m b n sinam b nbx k
nba k b #1bb b #am"b nb sinaam b nba k b #1bb c #am"c nb sinaam c nbkb c #am"b nb sinaam b
nbkb b #am"b nb sinaam b nbkb c #am"c nb sinaam c nbkb c #am"b nb sinaam b nbkb !
ccosam c nbx b cosam b nbxddx
"
#am c nb sinaam
"
#am c nb sinaam
kb#1
nbkb
"
#
< m "c n sinam c nbx b
nbkb
Section 8.5 Trigonometric Substitutions

cos mx and cos nx are orthogonal.
(c) Let m n sin mx cos nx "# asin ! b sinaam b nbxbb and
"
#
sin mx and cos nx are orthogonal if m n.

Let m n.
519
'kkb#1 sin ! dx ! and "# 'kkb#1 sinaam b nbxb dx 0
'kkb#1 sin mx cos nx dx #" 'kkb#1 csinam c nbx b sinam b nbxddx "# <c m "c n cosam c nbx c m b" n cosam b nbx kb#1
c #am"c nb cosaam c nba k b #1bb c
c #am"c nb cosaam c nbkb c
"
#am b nb cosaam b
"
#ambnb cosaam b
sin mx and cos nx are orthogonal.

46.
"
1
nbkb b
nba k b #1bb b
"
"
#am c nb cosaam c nbkb b #am b nb cosaam b
"
"
#am c nb cosaam c nbkb b #am b nb cosaam b nbkb !
nbkb
'c11 faxbsin mx dx ! a1 'c11 sin nx sin mx dx. Since 1" 'c11 sin nx sin mx dx !
for m n
,
1 for m n
n"
am
1
the sum on the right has only one nonzero term, namely
'c11 sin mx sin mx dx am .
8.5 TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS

1. y 3 tan ), c 1# ) 1# , dy
3 d)
cos# )
, 9 b y# 9 a1 b tan# )b
because cos ) 0 when c 1# ) 1# ;
' 9dyb y
2.
3'
' 13bdy9y
' dx
1 b x#
3.
'c22
4.
'02 8 bdx2x
5.
'032 dx
6.
'012
dx
4 b x#
'
; c3y xd
'
dt
"
cos# t cos
t
'
d)
cos )
"
#
'02 4bdxx
ln ksec ) b tan )k b Cw ln
dx
1 b x#
; x tan t, c 1# t
"
#
"
#
tanc" 1 c
< #" tanc" #x #

!
$#
<sinc" x3 ! sinc"
2 dx
1 c 4x#
1
#
9 b y#
3
, dx
; ct 2xd
'012
"
#
"
#
8. t
"
3
kcos )k
3
cos )
3
b y3 b Cw ln 9 b y# b y b C
, 1 b x#
"
#
tanc" (c1) #" 14 c #" c 14

#" tanc" 1 c
c sinc" 0
dt
1 c t#
1
6
"
#
"
cos t
c0
csinc" td 0
a) b sin ) cos )b b C
25
#
sin ), c 1# ) 1# , dt
"
3
sinc" 5t
1
4
tanc" 0 #" #" 14 c 0
1
16
1
6
sinc"
7. t 5 sin ), c 1# ) 1# , dt 5 cos ) d), 25 c t# 5 cos );

' 25 c t# dt ' (5 cos ))(5 cos )) d) 25 ' cos# ) d) 25 '
25
#
dt
cos# t
"
9 b y#
ln ksec t b tan tk b C ln x# b 1 b x b C ln 1 b 9y# b 3y b C
#
< #" tanc" #x c#
9 c x#
cos ) d)
3 cos# )
9
cos# )
#
5t 255c t
"
2
c sinc" 0
1 b cos 2)
#
bC
25
#
1
4
c0
d) 25 #) b
sinc" 5t
1
4
sin 2)
4
t25 c t#
#
bC
bC
cos ) d), 1 c 9t# cos );
' 1 c 9t# dt 3" ' (cos ))(cos )) d) 3" ' cos# ) d) 6" a) b sin ) cos )b b C 6" sinc" (3t) b 3t1 c 9t# b C
9. x
'
7
#
sec ), 0 ) 1# , dx
dx
4x# c 49
'
7# sec ) tan ) d)
7 tan )
7
#
sec ) tan ) d), 4x# c 49 49 sec# ) c 49 7 tan );

"
#
' sec ) d) "# ln ksec ) b tan )k b C "# ln 2x7 b 4x7# c 49 b C
520
10. x
3
5
sec ), 0 ) 1# , dx
' 5 dx
25x# c 9
5 35
'
sec ) tan ) d)
3 tan )
sec ) tan ) d), 25x# c 9 9 sec# ) c 9 3 tan );
3
5
' sec ) d) ln ksec ) b tan )k b C ln 5x

3 b
25x# c 9
bC
11. y 7 sec ), 0 ) 1# , dy 7 sec ) tan ) d), y# c 49 7 tan );
) tan )) d)
' y yc 49 dy ' (7 tan ))(77 sec
7 ' tan# ) d) 7 ' asec# ) c 1b d) 7(tan ) c )) b C
sec )
#
y# c 49
7
c secc" y7 b C
12. y 5 sec ), 0 ) 1# , dy 5 sec ) tan ) d), y# c 25 5 tan );

sec ) tan )) d)
' yyc 25 dy ' (5 tan ))(5
"5 '
125 sec )
#
"
10
a) c sin ) cos )b b C
"
10
tan# ) cos# ) d)
secc" y5 c
"
5
y# c 25
y 5y
'
sin# ) d)
bC
secc" y
"
10
10
' (1 c cos 2)) d)
y# c 25
#y #
bC
13. x sec ), 0 ) 1# , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 tan );
'
dx
x# x# c 1
'
sec ) tan ) d)
sec# ) tan )
'
d)
sec )
sin ) b C
x# c 1
x
bC
14. x sec ), 0 ) 1# , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 tan );
'
2 dx
x$ x# c 1
'
2 tan ) sec ) d)
sec$ ) tan )
2)
2 ' cos# ) d) 2 ' 1 b cos
d) ) b sin ) cos ) b C
#
#
) b tan ) cos# ) b C secc" x b x# c 1 "x b C secc" x b
15. x 2 tan ), c 1# ) 1# , dx
' x
$
dx
x# b 4
'
a8 tan$ )b (cos )) d)
cos# )
ct cos )d 8 '
8 c
x# b 4
#
t c1
t%
#
2 d)
cos# )
8'
, x# b 4
sin$ ) d)
cos% )
8'
2
cos ) ;
acos# ) c 1b (c sin )) d)
cos% )
dt 8' t"# c t"% dt 8 c "t b
ax # b 4 b
8 3
$#
9bC
"
3
ax# b 4b
$#
"
3t$
dx
x# x# b 1
'
sec# ) d)
tan# ) sec )
'
cos ) d)
sin# )
8 dw
w# 4 c w #
'
82 cos ) d)
4 sin# )2 cos )
2'
c sin" ) b C
d)
sin# )
b C 8 c sec ) b
c x # b 1
x
c2 cot ) b C
sec$ )
3
bC
bC
17. w 2 sin ), c 1# ) 1# , dw 2 cos ) d), 4 c w# 2 cos );
'
bC
c 4x# b 4 b C
16. x tan ), c 1# ) 1# , dx sec# ) d), x# b 1 sec );
'
x# c 1
x#
c2 4 c w #
w
bC
18. w 3 sin ), c 1# ) 1# , dw 3 cos ) d), 9 c w# 3 cos );
' 9wc w
#
dw '
3 cos )3 cos ) d)
9 sin# )
c cot ) c ) b C c
9 c w#
w
)
' acsc# ) c 1b d)
' cot# ) d) ' 1 csinsin
# ) d)
#
c sinc" w3 b C
19. x sin ), 0 ) 13 , dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b
'0
32
4x# dx
a1 c x# b$#
'0
13
1$
4 ctan ) c )d !
4 sin# ) cos ) d)
cos$ )
43 c
41
3
$#
cos$ );
)
'0 asec# ) c 1b d)
4 '0 1 ccoscos
# ) d) 4
13
13

20. x 2 sin ), 0 ) 16 , dx 2 cos ) d), a4 c x# b
'01
'0
16
dx
a4 c x# b$#
2 cos ) d)
8 cos$ )
$#
8 cos$ );
'016 cosd) ) "4 ctan )d !1' 123
"
4
21. x sec ), 0 ) 12 , dx sec ) tan ) d), ax# c 1b
$#
22. x sec ), 0 ) 12 , dx sec ) tan ) d), ax# c 1b
&#
'
'
'
dx
ax# c 1b$#
'
x# dx
ax# c 1b&#
sec ) tan ) d)
tan$ )
sec# )sec ) tan ) d)

tan& )
23. x sin ), c 1# )
' a1 c xxb
# $#
'
dx
'
'
"
#
25. x
'
"
3
dx
'
1
#
cos ) d)
sin# )
'
'
'
"#
'
v# dv
a1 c v# b&#
sin# ) cos ) d)
cos& )
# &#
)
'
dr
cos$ );
&
cos );
"
#
e2t b 9
'tanc" 13
tan
43
ln 53 b 43 c ln
10
3
"
3
31.
'11124
'113
et dt
a1 b e2t b$#
2 dt
t b 4tt
2 du
1 b u#
&#
' tan# ) sec# ) d)
cos& );
tan$ )
3
bC
"
3
4x
a4x# b 1b
bC
sec# )
tan )
3t
a9t# b 1b
bC
bC
1 c r# (
bC
d), e2t b 9 9 tan# ) b 9 3 sec );
43
'tanc" 13 sec ) d) cln ksec ) b tan )kd tan
tanc" 13
tan
)
(tan )) sec
tan ) d)
; u 2t, du
2 sec# ) d)
sec# )
1 c v#
c"
43
b "3 ln 9 c ln 1 b 10
tanc" 43
14
' cot' ) csc# ) d) c cot7 ) b C c 7"
3 tan )sec# ) d)
tan )3 sec )
'tanc" 34
'16
bC
sec# ) d), 9t# b 1 sec# );
30. Let et tan ), t ln (tan )), tanc" 34 ) tanc" 43 , dt
'lnln 3443
1 c x# $
bC
sec# ) d), a4x# b 1b sec% );
29. Let et 3 tan ), t ln (3 tan )), tanc" "$ ) tanc" %$ , dt
'0ln 4 e dt
1 c x# &
2 ' cos# ) d) ) b sin ) cos ) b C tanc" 3t b
cos& )cos ) d)
sin) )
c"
bC
4 ' cos# ) d) 2() b sin ) cos )) b C 2 tanc" 2x b
28. r sin ), c 1# ) 1# ;
' a1 c r rb
x$
3 ax# c 1b$#
' cot# ) csc# ) d) c cot3 ) b C c "3
cos )cos ) d)
sin% )
27. v sin ), c 1# ) 1# , dv cos ) d), a1 c v# b
'
tan& );
d) c 3 sin" $ ) b C c
, dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b
6 "3 sec# ) d)
sec% )
bC
x
x# c 1
' cot% ) csc# ) d) c cot5 ) b C c "5
tan ), c 1# ) 1# , dt
6 dt
a9t# b 1b#
cos )
sin% )
$#
8 "# sec# ) d)
sec% )
tan$ );
c sin" ) b C c
, dx cos ) d), a1 c x# b
tan ), c 1# ) 1# , dx
8 dx
a4x# b 1b#
26. t
'
"#
1
#
cos$ )cos ) d)
sin' )
24. x sin ), c 1# )
a1 c x # b
x%
'
"
4 3
sec# )
tan )
c"
d), 1 b e2t 1 b tan# ) sec# );
43
'tanc" 34 cos ) d) csin )d tan
tanc" $%
tanc" 43
sec$
"
t
dt '13
1
2 du
1 b u#
; u tan ),
1%
c2)d 1' 2 14 c 16
c"
1
6
4
5
3
5
"
5
) 14 , du sec# ) d), 1 b u# sec# );
1
6
521
522
32. y etan ) , 0 ) 14 , dy etan ) sec# ) d), 1 b (ln y)# 1 b tan# ) sec );
'1e y1 bdy(ln y)
'0
14
d) '0 sec ) d) cln ksec ) b tan )kd !
1%
14
etan ) sec# )
etan ) sec )
ln 1 b 2
33. x sec ), 0 ) 1# , dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 sec# ) c 1 tan );
'
dx
x x# c 1
'
sec ) tan ) d)
sec ) tan )
) b C secc" x b C
34. x tan ), dx sec# ) d), 1 b x# sec# );
' x dxb1 ' secsec) )d) ) b C tanc" x b C

#
35. x sec ), dx sec ) tan ) d), x# c 1 sec# ) c 1 tan );

' x dx ' sec )sec ) tan ) d) ' sec# ) d) tan ) b C x# c 1 b C
x# c 1
tan )
36. x sin ), dx cos ) d), c 1# )
' dx
'
1 c x#
37. x
dy
dx
cos ) d)
cos )
38. x# c 9
;y'
dx
x# c 9
y ln x3 b
dy
dx
x# c 9
x 3 sec ), 0 ) #
; dx 3 sec ) tan ) d) y '
x# c 9 3 tan )
y'
# dy
dx
3 dx
x # b4 ; y 3
#3 tanc" x#
x# b 1, dy
sec# ) d)
sec$ )
A '0
9 c x#
3
12
x
x# b 1
31
8
dx
ax# b 1b$#
; x tan ), dx sec# ) d), ax# b 1b
dx; x 3 sin ), 0 )
3 cos )3 cos ) d)
3
3'0
tan )
sec )
bC
b1
12
x# c 4
#
c secc" x#
1
#
3 sec ) tan ) d)
3 tan )
b C; x 5 and y ln 3 ln 3 ln 3 b C C 0
' cos ) d) sin ) b C tan ) cos ) b C
10bC y
41. A '0
x# c 9
' x dxb 4 #3 tanc" #x b C; x 2 and y 0
3, dy
C c 381 y
40. ax# b 1b
dx
x# c 9
' sec ) d) ln ksec ) b tan )k b C ln x3 b
39. ax# b 4b
x 2 sec ), 0 ) #
dx 2 sec ) tan ) d)
x# c 4 2 tan )
; y ' xx c 4 dx;
c secc" x# b C; x 2 and y 0 0 0 b C C 0 y 2
1, dy
dy
dx
dx
x
2' tan# ) d) 2 ' asec# ) c 1b d) 2(tan) c )) b C
(2 tan ))(2 sec ) tan )) d)

2 sec )
x# c 4
#
) b C sinc" x b C
x# c 4; dy x# c 4
y'
1
#
$#
3
#
tanc" 1 b C
sec$ );
x
x# b 1
b C; x 0 and y 1
, dx 3 cos ) d), 9 c x# 9 c 9 sin# ) 3 cos );
cos# ) d)
3
#
1#
c) b sin ) cos )d !
31
4

42. V '0 1 1 b2 x# dx 41 '0
#
dx
ax # b 1 b #
x tan ), dx sec# ) d), x# b 1 sec# );

V 41 '0
14
21 '0
14
sec# ) d)
sec% )
41 '0
14
2 dz
1 b z#
1 c 2z #
1bz
' 1 cdxsin x '
44.
' 1 b sin dxx b cos x '
'
45.
'012 1 bdxsin x '01
2 dz
1 b z#
#
2z
1 b
b 1 c z#
1 b z#
1bz
46.
'1132
47.
)
'012 2 bdcos
'1
) 0
48.
dx
1 c cos x
'12123
31
9
50.
"
2
51.
ln
a1 c z# b dz
a1 b z # b z #
'0
2 dz
1 b z#
1 c z#
1c
1 b z#
2 dz
1 b z#
#
2 b 1 c z#
1bz
'1
'
2 dz
(1 b z)#
'13
1
'0
1bz
2z 1 c z#
2 dz
1 b z# b 2z b 1 c z#
'
bC
'
"
dz
z#
"
<c 1z "$ 3 c 1
'0
2 dz
1 b z#
2 dz
2z c 1 b z#
dz
z # a1 b z # b
'
c'
ln 3
4
' sec ) d) ' cosd) ) '
2 dz
1 b z#
1 c z#
1 b z#
'
' csc ) d) ' sind)) '
2 dz
1 b z#
2z
1 b z#
'
2 dz
1 c z#
dz
z#
c2'
'
1 b tan )#
1 c tan )#
'
dz
z
2 dz
(1 b z)(1 c z)
'1
"
!
1 c z#
2z
"
2
ln z b 1 c 2 b C
zb1b
tanc"
"
3
dz
"
4
(ln 3 c 2)
"
#
2
3
'
dz
z# b 1
z
3
"
#
2 dz
(z b 1)# c 2
2 a1 c z# b dz
a1 b z # b # c a 1 b z # b a 1 c z # b
dz
1 b z#
tanc"
2 a1 c z# b dz
2z c 2z$ b 2z b 2z$
'1
'
2
3
2 dz
z# b 3
bC
1 c z#
2 dz#
1 b z#
1 bz
#
1 c 1 c z#
1bz
ln k1 b zk b C
dz
1bz
c < 1 b2 z ! c(1 c 2) 1
2z
# b 1 b z#
1 b z#
ln k1 b zk c ln k1 c zk b C ln
52.
2
1 c tan x#
bC
2 dz
2 b 2z# b 1 c z#
1 c z#
2 dz#
1bz
#
2z
c 1 c z#
1 b z#
1bz
'
2
1cz
1 1# b 1
"# ln 3 c 43 c 0 c 4"
tan #t b 1 c 2
tan #t b 1 b 2
t dt
' 1cosc cos
'
t
'
'113
$
z#
4 "
' sin t cdt cos t '
2 dz
1 b z#
1 b 2z #
1bz
cos ) d)
sin ) cos ) b sin )
"# ln z c
49.
2 dz
(1 c z)#
ln tan x# b 1 b C
1
3 3
sin 2) 1%
#
!
(1 b cos 2)) d) 21 <) b
43.
cos# ) d)
ln 3 c 1
2 a1 c z# b dz
a1 b z # b a 1 b z # c 1 b z # b
c "z c 2 tanc" z b C c cot #t c t b C

'
dz
1bz
b'
dz
1cz
bC
ln kzk b C ln tan #) b C
523

Techniques of Integration - Solutions

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Techniques of Integration - Solutions

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CHAPTER 8 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

8.1 BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

' cot$ y csc# y dy;

3sin v cos v dv;

' duu 2u b C 28x# b 1 b C

3u du 3 23 u$# b C 2(sin v)$# b C

' x cdxx '

' cot (3 c 7x) dx; u 3 c 7x

' csc (1x c 1) dx; u 1x c 1

' 2 udu 2 ln kuk b C 2 ln x b 1 b C

' duu 2u b C 21 b 3 sin x b C

' 2 udu 2 ln kuk b C 2 ln x c 1 b C

' cot u du c 7" ln ksin uk b C c 7" ln ksin (3 c 7x)k b C

' csc u du1 c"1 ln kcsc u b cot uk b C

c 1" ln kcsc (1x c 1) b cot (1x c 1)k b C

' e) csc e) b 1 d); u e

' cot (3 xb ln x) dx; u 3 bdxln x

' csc u du c ln kcsc u b cot uk b C c ln csc e) b 1 b cot e) b 1 b C

' cot u du ln ksin uk b C ln ksin (3 b ln x)k b C

Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

' sec 3t dt;

' 3 sec u du 3 ln ksec u b tan uk b C 3 ln sec 3t b tan 3t b C

' x sec ax# c 5b dx; u x

' "# sec u du "# ln ksec u b tan uk b C

ln ksec ax# c 5b b tan ax# c 5bk b C

' csc (s c 1) ds; u s c 1

' c csc u du ln kcsc u b cot uk b C ln csc ") b cot ") b C

'112 sin (y) ecos y dy;

' etan v sec# v dv;

' 3xb1 dx; u x b 1

' 102) d);

' 2eu du 2eu b C 2et b C

' 3u du ln"3 3u b C 3ln 3

' 2u du ln2 # b C 2ln # b C

' 2u du ln2 # b C 2ln#

' "# 10u du # 10ln 10 b C "# ln1010 b C

' csc u du c ln kcsc u b cot uk b C c ln kcsc (s c 1) b cot (s c 1)k b C

2 tanc" u b C 2 tanc" (2x b 1) b C

< 3" sinc" u !

Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Section 8.1 Basic Integration Formulas

5 secc" k5xk b C 6 secc" k5xk b C

secc" kuk b C secc" ey b C

sec u du cln ksec u b tan ukd !

b tan 13 c ln ksec 0 b tan 0k ln 2 b 3 c ln (1) ln 2 b 3

' x bln4xx dxln x ' x a1lnbx4dxln xb ;

'24 x c26xdxb 10 2 '24 (x c dx3) b 1 ;

secc" kuk b C secc" kx b 1k b C,

Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Chapter 8 Techniques of Integration

tan x c 2 ln kcsc x b cot xk c cot x c x b C

c cot x c 2 ln ksec x b tan xk b tan x c x b C

' x bx 1 dx ' 1 c x b"1 dx x c ln kx b 1k b C

' x xb 1 dx ' 1 c x "b 1 dx x c tanc" x b C

'c31 4x2x bc37 dx 'c31 <(2x c 3) b 2x 2b 3 dx cx# c 3x b ln k2x b 3kd $c" (9 c 9 b ln 9) c (1 b 3 b ln 1) ln 9 c 4

dx cx# b ln kx# c 1kd 2 (9 b ln 8) c (2 b ln 1) 7 b ln 8

' 4t ct tbb4 16t dt ' <(4t c 1) b t b4 4 dt 2t# c t b 2 tanc" #t b C

' 2) c2)7c) 5b 7) d) ' <a)# c ) b 1b b 2) 5c 5 d) )3

dx '0 asec# x b sec x tan xb dx ctan x b sec xd !

dx ctanc" (2x) c ln k1 b 4x# kd !

58. 1 b cos x 1 b cos 2 x# 2 cos#

' sec ) b" tan ) d) '