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TEMS Investigation For GSM
TEMS Investigation For GSM
INDEX
1) UnderstandingSignallingChannelCoding
a) ChannelCodingofSpeechSignal
b) Interleaving
c) SilenceDescriptor(SIDFrame)
d) FullandSubValues(RxQual,BER,FERDTXDownlinkRate)
2) StartingTEMSInvestigationGSM
a) UserInterface
b) ConnectingExternalEquipments
c) RecordingFunctions
d) LoadingMaps
e) PresentationWindows
i. RadioParameters
ii. CurrentChannel
f) SignallingWindow
g) SystemInformation(Type1Type8)
h) CallAssignment
MobileOriginatingCall/MobileTerminatingCall
LocationUpdate
Disconnect
Handovers
3) AnalysisofDriveTestdata
a) ExportLogfile
b) SetupSettings
c) MapInfoConversion
d) CreateThematicMap
Additional
Signaling
a) SignalingLayer3
1) ConnectionManagementsublayer
i. CallControl
ii. ShortMessageServiceSupport
iii. SupplementaryServicesSupport
2) MobilityManagementsublayer
i. Registrationmessages
ii. Securitymessages
iii. ConnectionManagementmessages
3) RadioResourceManagement
b) SignalingLayer2
c) SignalingLayer1
SignalingChannelCoding
ChannelcodingofSpeechsignal
1) Firstspeechissampledandsegmentedintoblocksof20ms
2) Thenitiscompressedinspeechcodertoconsist260bits.
3) 260bitsdividedintothreedifferentclasses
a) VeryImportantbits(50bits)
b) Importantbits(132bits)
c) Notsoimportantbits(78bits)
Channelcoding(FullRateTrafficSpeechSignal)
AfterChannelcoder,456OutputbitsareInterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts,thesearesend
overairInterface.
AtreceiverendChanneldecoderwilltransform456bitsto260bits,thesewillpassthrough
speechdecoderandoutputof20msspeechsignalwillberetrieved
ChannelCoder456Outputbits(InterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts)
AirInterface(456Bits)
20msSpeechSpeechDecoder260BitsChannelDecoder
ChannelCoding(Signalling):AllInformationbitsareprotectedbyFIREcode
forerrordetectionandallinformationbitsareconvolutioncoded.
ChannelcodingofsignalingonControlchannels
1) Nowbothspeechandsignalingframesarein456bits/frame.
2) 456bitsaresplitinto8parts=57bitseach
456bits
57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
Burst: DataStreamtransmittedinonetimeslot
Anormalburstcancontain2Blocksof57bits
Interleaving
Speechisinterleavedover8halfbursts;SACHCHisinterleavedover4wholebursts.
E.g.atozisspeechframesandAisaSACCHblockasshowninthefigure
HalfpartofaspeechframeistransmittedoverpreviousSACCHmultiframe
zframewillbefinishedonnextSACCHframe.
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SPEECHFRAMEMappingonSACCH(4x26TCHmultiFrame)fig:(SF1)
FourSACCHtimeslot=SACCHBlock(containssysteminformationBSMS,
measurementreportonUplinkchannel)
IDLEtimeslotsusedforsearchingSCH(synchronizationchannel)burston
NeighboringcellsholdingthetimingandBSICvalueofthecell
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Noweachburstlasts0.577ms(exactly15/26ms)andthuseightburstslast4.615ms
0.577ms4.615ms
1Timeslot 8timeSlotsfor8users
1SACCHperiod=4.615x104bursts (4X26=104BURSTS)
=480ms
SilenceDescriptor(SIDframe):asshowninthefigurenhalfburstsaresilence
descriptorframe
ItisusedwhenDTX(DiscontinuousTransmission)isactiveandit
containsparametersrepresentingbackgroundnoiseonthemicrophone.
VAD(voiceactivitydetector)continuouslymonitoreachspeechframe
containing20msofspeech.
IfVADfindsasilentframe,itanalyzesbackgroundnoiseinspeech
frameandcreatesaSIDframewhichwillreplacetheoriginalsilent
speechframe.
AslongasVADdoesnotdetectanyspeech,oneSIDframeperSACCH
multiframewillbesent.
FULLandSUBvalues
FULLvaluesarebasedonallframesonSACCHmultiframewhethertheyaretransmittedfrom
BSornot
IfDTXisusedonDLtheFULLvalueisinvalidinthatperiodandwillgivehighBER,
becausetheyincludebiterrormeasurementsinthatperiodwherenothinghasbeensent.
SUBvalueisbasedonmandatoryframes(alwaysmustbetransmitted)onSACCH
multiframe.SACCHBlockAbursts,andSIDframenburstsasshowninfigSF1
RXQual:
Value:0to7
Eachvaluecorrespondstoestimatednumberofbiterrorsinnumberofbursts.
RXQualBER(Biterrorrate)
qua0 (BER<0.2%)
qua1 (BER0.20.4%)
qua2 (BER0.40.8%)
qua3 (BER0.81.6%)
qua4 (BER1.63.2%)
qua5 (BER3.26.4%)
qua6 (BER6.412.8%)
qua7 (BER>12.8%0)
BERiscalculatedoverfour26Multiframes(1SACCHMultiframe),oneachTCHblock
(8/2=4TCHbursts)andonSACCHblock(4SACCHbursts).
ForeachTCHblock378class1bitsareused
(50(MostImpbits)+3(CRC)+132Importantbits+4tailbits)x(coded@1/2)
SACCHblock456bitsareused.
IfTCHblockisreplacedbyFACCHmessage,insteadof378,456bitsareused
NumberofTCHbits=(Noof26Multiframes)x(NoofTCHblocksper26Multiframes)x
(NoofbitsperTCHblocks)
=(4x6x378)
i.e.(4x6x378)+456)=9528bitsoneachSACCHmultiframeifTCHchannel
and3x456=1368bitsifSDCCHchannel
BER(BitErrorRate):AfterChanneldecoderdecoded456bitblock,itiscodedagainand
comparewith456bitsInputandthenumberofbitsthatdifferincomparingbothblocks
resultsinBER.
(BiterrorsareaccumulatedinBERsumforeachSACCHMultiframe;thisbiterrorSUMis
dividedtotalnumberofbitsperSACCHMultiframeandclassified(07)).
FER(FrameErasureRate){0to100%}:
FERisbasedonnumberofblocksthathavebeendiscardedduetoerrorinCRC(Cyclic
redundancycheck:(Protects50mostimportantbits))
FER(%)=(No.ofBlockswithincorrectCRC/TotalNoofBlocks)x100
FERFull
TotalnumberofblocksonfullrateTCHchannel=24TCH+1SACCH=25Blocks
FERFull(%)=(NoofblockswithincorrectCRC/25)x100
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E.g.FER1
Asshowninfigf,i,kframeshaveincorrectCRC.
FERFull(%)=(3/25)x100=12%
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E.g.FER2
Iff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC
FERFull=(4/25)x100=16%
FERSUB
TotalnumberofmandatoryblocksonfullrateTCHChannel=1TCH+1SACCH=2
Blocks
Ine.g.FER2.asshowninthefigureIff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC
FERSUBonlycountsSACCH(A)andSID(n)frames.SothereisanerrorinAbut
thereisnoerrorinn
FERSUB=(1/2)x100=50%
DTXDownlinkRate:ThisIndicatesthathowmanyTCHframeswerenotsenttoMSduring
lastSACCHmultiframe,thisvaryfrom0to96%
Canneverbe100%becauseframecontainingSIDinformationmustbesentforeachSACCH
multiframe.
DTXDLRate(%)=(Noofsilentblocks/totalNoofBlocks)x100
EachSACCHMultiframehas24TCHframes,sototalNoofblocks=24
ItisanIndicationwhetherDTXDLisusedinGSMNetworksasthereisnoparameterinGSMto
tellmobileifDTXDLisusedornot
IfDTXrateisveryhighforwholeperiodoftimeduringacalltherecouldbeasilentcall
probleminthenetwork
Anyproblemwithsilentcalllocatedbeforethevoiceactivitydetector(VAD)intheTranscoder
unit(TRAU)inBasestationsubsystem(BSS)canbefoundusingDTXDLrateinformation
element.
STARTINGTEMSINVESTIGATION
TEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics.
YoucanmonitorvoicechannelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,circuitswitched(CSD)or
highspeedcircuitswitched(HSCSD)connections.
StartingTEMSInvestigation
ChooseStart>Programs>TEMSProducts>TEMSInvestigationGSM.
UserInterface
WorkspaceandWorksheets
Thiswillstorewindowsettingsinyourworkingsession
Toolbars
ToaccessthecentralFunctions
Navigator
Toopenpresentationwindows,Thresholdvaluestherepresentationcolorscan
bechangedfromhere
Menu
Status
Thiswilldisplaysymbolsandshortmessageswhichindicatethecurrentstatus
oftheapplication
ConnectingExternalEquipments
SemiAutomaticEnabling:UsingtheIdentifyEquipmentFunction
ConnecttheTEMSmobilestationtoaCOMport.
IdentifyEquipment:applicationstartstoscantheselectedCOMportsfor
externaldevices
ForTEMSmobiles,TEMSandDATAcablesaredetectedasseparateunits
TheTEMScablewillbedesignatedbyMSnandtheDATAcablebyDCn,
wherenisalwaysidenticalforthetwocablesconnectedtothesamemobile.
ScannersarenamedMSnandGPSunitsPSn.
Thedetecteddevicesareautomaticallyenabled,butnotconnected;thisstateis
indicatedbyaredlightsymboltotheleftofeachdevice
ManualEnabling:AddingOneDeviceataTime
Select Add Equipment
Select the correct COM port
Select the type of external device
R520m for the TEMS cable, and choose
R520m Data Cable for the DATA cable.
The two cables will be treated as different
devices in TEMS Investigation.
Connecting External Equipment
Connect the Equipment
Connect All the Connections
Disconnecting External Equipment
Disconnect Connection
Disconnect all Connections
RECORDING LOGFILES
Start recording
Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.
Recording functions
Filemarksaretextstringswhichcanbeinsertedmanuallyinalogfiletomentionthespecial
eventnoticedduringdriveTestandthatcanbeeasilyfindoutwhilereplayingtheLogFiles.
LOADINGMAPSINTEMS
1. OpentheMAPwindowandclickOPENMAP
2. SelecttheMapInfoFilefromtherespectivelocation.
3. SelectMapInfositeandcellfile
4. SelectlayercontrolformakingchangesinvisibilityoftheselectedMapInfofiles.
Presentation Window
We can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM window
according to our need and convenience.
Serving+Neighbors
CurrentChannel
LineChart
RadioParameters
Serving+Neighbors:
Shows BSIC, ARFCN and RxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with the
serving cell at the top and the neighbors below it, sorted by signal strength in descending
order.
DEDICATED MODE
CellName :CellsiteDescribesincellfile.
ARFCN:(Allocatedradiofrequencychannel)
BSIC :BaseStationIdentificationcode.
RxLev :ReceivingLevelindBm.
C1&C2 :Cellpathlossparameterandcellreselectionparameter.(Inidlemode).
C31&C32 :GPRSsignalstrengththresholdandGPRScellrankingcriterion.Valid
inbothpacketidleandpacketdedicatedmode.
IDLEMODE
C1: PATHLOSSPARAMETER
RadioCriteriaC1=(AMax(B,0))
A =ReceivedLevelAveragep1
B =p2MaximumRFPoweroftheMobileStation
p1 =rxLevelAccessMin
p2 =msTxPowerMaxCCH
C2: CELLRESELECTIONPARAMETER
C2=C1+cellReselectOffsettemporaryOffsetxH(penaltyTimeT)whenpenaltyTime640
Or
C2=C1cellReselectOffsetwhenpenaltyTime=640
H(x) =1whenx>=0
H(x) =0whenx<0
RADIO PARAMETERS
Gives the status of the radio link (current BCCH, signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (Bit
Error Rate), SQI (speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).
RXLEV :ChannelRxLev(dBm) (120...10dBm)
Measuredsignalstrengthlevelforcurrentchannel.
FER :FrameErasureRate
(Percentageofframesbeingdroppedduetohighnumberofnon
correctedbiterrorsintheframe).
BERActual :(Numberofbiterrors/Numberofbitstransmitted)
SQI :SpeechQualityIndex.
SQIupdatedat0.5sintervals.ComputedonbasisofBERandFER.
MSPowerControlLevel:
Powercontrol(0to8)dependinguponnetworkdesign.
E.g.0meansnopowercontrol,1meanslevelthatisdefinedbyoperator
viz.2dBm
DTX :Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)
Radiotransmitterswitchedoffduringspeechpauses.Itreducesthe
powerconsumptionofthetransmitter&decreasesoverallinterference
levelontheradiochannelsaffectingthecapacityofthenetwork..
TA :TimingAdvance.
Basestationcalculatesfromaccessburstsandsendstothemobilestation
(MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethetimingofitstransmissionstotheBS
soastocompensateforpropagationdelay.
CURRENTCHANNEL
Time :Systemtimeofcomputer.
Cellname :Displaysnameofservingsector(fromcellfilethatisloadedinTEMS).
CGI :CellGlobalIdentity
Uniqueforeverysectorofthesite.
CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI.
MCC :MobileCountryCode0999(e.g.404India),
MNC :MobileNetworkCode099(e.g.98)
LAC :LocationAreaCode065535(e.g.5129)
CI :CellIdentity065535(e.g.2723).
CellGPRSSupport:SectorGPRSenableornot.(Yes/No).
Band :Freq.Bandmobileisoperatinge.g.GSM900/1800.
BCCHARFCN :BroadCastChannelAllocatedRadioFrequencyChannel.
TCHARFCN :TrafficChannel(Frequency).
BSIC :(BaseStationIdentityCode)
BSIC=NCC(NetworkColorCode07)+BCC(BaseStationColorCode07)
Timeslot :CurrentTCH.(TimeslotnumberofTRX).
ChannelType :CurrentChannelofmobile
E.g.BCCH/SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F.
ChannelMode:Modeofcoding(e.g.SpeechFullRateorHalfRate).
SpeechCodec :
FR =FullRate,
HR =HalfRate&
EFR =EnhancedFullRate.
CipheringAlgorithm :CipheringalgorithmusedbythesystemSecurity
E.g.CipherbyA5/2.
SubChannelNumber :SDCCHofMSoutof8available.E.g.=2.
HoppingChannel :HoppingavailableornotonparticularSector.(YesorNo)
HoppingFrequencies :Displaysno.offrequenciesallottedforhoping,particularsector.
MA(MobileAllocation)List.
MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO):
NumberwhichtellsfromwhichfrequencyfromgivenMAlistofasector
hoppingistobestarted.
E.g.0Hopingwillstartfromfirstfrequency.
HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN):
HoppingSequenceoffrequencies(fromtheMAList).(063).
0 :CyclicHopping
163 :Randomhoppingsequences.
SIGNALLINGWINDOW
InsignalingourmainconcernisofLayer3messages
SystemInformation
InformationaboutthenetworkwhichMSneedtocommunicatewiththenetwork.
SysteminformationmessagesarecontinuouslysentontheBCCHandSACCHbythe
BTStoallidle(BCCH)andactive(SACCH)mobilesinacell.
SystemInformation
1.Cellchanneldescription
RACHcontrolparameters
2.Neighborcellsdescription
NCCpermitted
RACHcontrolparameters
Abis.Neighborcellsdescription(extension)
RACHcontrolparameters
Ater.Additionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)
3.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
Controlchanneldescription
Celloptions
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
SI3restoctets
4.Locationareaidentification
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
CBCHchanneldescription
CBCHmobileallocation
SI4restoctets
5.Neighborcellsdescription
AbisNeighborcellsdescription(extension)
AterAdditionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)
6.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
Celloptions
NCCpermitted
7.SI7restoctets
8.SI8restoctets
9.Packetdatainformation
1) SystemInformationType1
InfrequencyhoppingMSneedstoknowwhichfrequencybandtouseandwhich
frequencieswithinthebandtobeuseduringhopping.Thisinformationisprovidedinthecell
channeldescriptioninformationelementsentinsysteminformationtype1.
InformationabouthowtheMSshouldperformtoaccessthesystemisalsoprovided.
CellChannelDescription
MSisinformedaboutfrequenciesthatareusedinthecell.
GSM900:bitmap0formatisusedInformationelementisdividedintotwo
parts:
CANO:Cellallocationnumbershowswhichbandisused.
CANO= 0;GM900
CANO= 1;EGSM
CANO= 2;GSM1800.
CAARFCN:Absoluteradiofrequencychannelnumberforall
frequenciesusedinthecell.
A124bitsbitmapisused.Abitsetto1indicatesthatthefrequencywith
thatnumberisusedinthecell.
GSM1800andGSM1900:Severaldifferentformatscanbeused,Information
elementisdividedintotwoparts
FORMATID:Indicatesformatoftheinformationelement.
Secondpartoftheinformationelementrepresentsthefrequencies
throughspecialencodingschemes
RACHControlParameters
2) SystemInformationType2
ListofBCCHfrequenciesusedintheneighboringcells.
TheMSneedsthisinformationbecauseitmustlistentothesysteminformationinthe
neighboringcellsoccasionally.
TheMSalsousesthislistoffrequencieswhenmeasuringthesignalstrengthof
neighboringcells.
TheMSisalsoinformedwhichPLMNNetworkColorCodes(NCC)itmaymonitor.
NeighborCellsDescription:DenotefrequenciesoftheBCCHcarrierstobemonitored
bytheMSsinthecell.
3) SystemInformationType3
TheMSmustknowthecurrentlocationareasidentitybecauseachangeinlocationareameans
thattheMSmustupdatethenetwork.
Inordertocalculateitspaginggroup,theMSneedsspecificparameterscontainedinthecontrol
channeldescription.ThedescriptionalsoinformstheMSaboutperiodicregistrationandit
informsMSifitshouldinformthesystemwhenitisabouttoentertheidlemode.
WhentheMSisinidlemode,itdecidesbyitselfwhichcellstocampon.
InformationneededbytheMSforcellselectionandreselectionisalsobroadcastinsystem
informationtype3.
4) SystemInformationType4
(CellbroadcastFunction:AllowsbroadcastingshortmessagestoallMSsinoneormorecells).
Insysteminformationtype4,MSsareinformedifthecellbroadcastfunctionisusedinthiscell
andonwhatfrequencytheCBCHisfound.
TheLAI,thecellselectionparameters,theRACHcontrolparametersandrestoctetsalsoincluded
intype4message.
5) SystemInformationType5
WhenMSinbusymode,SACCHisactivated.
Ontheuplink,theMSsendsmeasurementreports,andonthedownlinkthenetworksends
outputpowerandTAfortheMStouse.AlsoMSreceivesinformationaboutthefrequenciesused
asBCCHcarriersinneighboringcellsonSACCH.Signalstrengthofthesefrequenciesare
monitoredandreportedinthemeasurementreportforhandoverpurposes.
Frequenciesintheneighborcellsdescriptiongivenheremaydifferfromthosesentinsystem
informationtype2.
Activemode:MSmeasuresonareducednumberofBCCHfrequenciesinordertoimprovethe
accuracyofthemeasurements.In
Idlemode:MSmeasuresonagreaternumberoffrequenciestoreducethetimerequiredto
establishcontactwiththenetworkafterpoweron.ThistimereductionoccursonlyiftheidleBA
listwasstoredatthepreviouspoweroff.
6) SystemInformationType6
Inactivemode,MSneedstoknowiftheLAIchangesIfLAIchangestheMShastodolocation
updatingwhenthecallisreleased.
IfMSchangesbetweencells(withinthelocationarea)whereRLINKTorDTXconditionsdiffer
thenewcelloptionsmustbereportedtotheMS.
LMNpermittedisalsoincludedinthesysteminformationtype6.
7) SystemInformationType7
Systeminformationtype7isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.
8) SystemInformationType8
Systeminformationtype8isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.
CallAssignment
CallassignmenttakesplacewhenaMobileStationmakesacall(MobileOriginatingCall)or
receivesacall(MobileTerminatingCall).
1) MobileOriginatingCall
MobileOriginatingaCall
MobileTerminatingaCall
MobileOriginatingaCall
2) LocationUpdate
TheMSCneedstoknowunderwhichlocationareatheMobileStationcanbereached
andLocationAreaInformationisneededforthepagingmadebytheBTS.
3) Disconnect
WhentheMobileStationortheNetworkwanttofinishacallforsomereason
a) NetworkInitiated
b) MobileStationInitiated
4) Handovers
Different protocols are for different handover processes, e.g. in synchronized
handover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol
so that no physical information needs to be sent.
a) SynchronizedHandover
b) NonSynchronizedHandover
c) Handover Failure
AnalysisoftheDriveTestData
1. EXPORTLOGFILES:ExporttheLogFilestoandconversionto.tabformat
SelecttheInformationElementsfromtheavailableInformationElementsinthedesiredTechnology
(GSM)e.g.ARFCNBCCH,RxLevFull,RxLevSub,RxQualFullRxQualSub,SpeechQualityIndex
(SQI)
YoucanalsosavetheSelectedInformationElementssettings(.mexformat).
NowselecttheInputfiles(youcanselectmorethenonefilesalltogether)
SelecttheOutputdirectorywhereyouwanttosavetheOutput
NameoftheOutputfilewillbefromPrefixandSuffix
NowStarttheprocedureforexportingtheLogfile
AstheExportisdonesuccessfullytheexportResultswillbedisplayedasshowninthefig
3) OpentheMapInfoConvertedLogFilesintoMapInfoTool
CreateThematicMap:
SelectMap>CreateThematicMap
Youcanselectdifferenttypesaccordingtoyourrequirement
E.g.Ranges,BarChart,PieCharts,Graduated,DotDensity,Individual,
Grids.
E.g.ifwehaveselectedRagesinthisExampleforRxLevel
E.g.Field:RxLevSub
YoucanmodifytheRages,StyleandLegendsaccordingtoyourrequirement,asshowninthe
figuretheRangesandStylearemodified
CustomizingRangeandStyle
RxLevelSUB(definedasRange)
SimilarlyaccordingtotherequirementtheThematicMapcanbedrawn,E.g.forARFCN(BCCH),
wehavetotaketheIndividualValuesnottheRangesaswehavetakenforRxLev
ARFCN(BCCH)(definedasIndividual)
REPORTGENERATIONINTEMSINVESTIGATION
Goto
LogFile>ReportGenerator
Orselect
ReportWizardwillgetopen
AddtheLogfilesfromthererespectivelocations
SelecttheOutputdirectory
YoucanchangetheReportPropertiesasperyourrequirements,asshowninthefigureforCall
EventsandThresholdValues
SelectFinishforcompletingtheTask
TheStatisticsReportwillbegeneratedintheOutputdirectorydefined
OpentheindexFilefromStatisticsReportDirectoryasshowninthefigure.
TEMSInvestigationGSM4.1.1
ReportNo___________________
Date 20070406 Time12:56 Preparedby___________________
Logfileinformation
#[Index] Logfiles HW[MS1] HW[MS2] GPS
1 idle8.log T68iR1F YES
2 idle9.log T68iR1F YES
3 mo_mt_sms_1.log T68iR1F YES
4 mo_mt_sms_2.log T68iR1F YES
5 mo_mt_sms_3.log T68iR1F YES
6 ded.log T68iR1F YES
7 ded1.log T68iR1F YES
8 ded2.log T68iR1F YES
9 ded3.log T68iR1F YES
10 ded4.log T68iR1F YES
11 ded5.log T68iR1F YES
12 ded6.log T68iR1F YES
13 ho.log T68iR1F YES
14 ho_1.log T68iR1F YES
15 idle.log T68iR1F YES
16 idle1.log T68iR1F YES
17 idle2.log T68iR1F YES
18 idle3.log T68iR1F YES
19 idle4.log T68iR1F YES
20 idle5.log T68iR1F YES
21 idle6.log T68iR1F YES
22 idle7.log T68iR1F YES
Totalduration:01:08:27.67
ActiveMS
MS1
DC1
MS2
DC2
Information
Element
Range
%of
meas.
#[no.
of]
Average
duration
(hh:mm:ss)
#Cell #Log
DTXRateDL >80 9.4 101 00:00:01.94 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14
DTXRateDL >1 20.4 260 00:00:01.59 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERActual
(%)
>8 7.7 125 00:00:01.09 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERActual
(%)
>4 9.0 140 00:00:01.12 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERFull(%) >8 18.7 211 00:00:01.73 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14
FERFull(%) >4 21.2 260 00:00:01.60 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERSub(%) >51 1.8 37 00:00:00.86 6,8,9,11
FERSub(%) >1 5.9 131 00:00:00.80 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
MSPower
ControlLevel
>10 0
MSPower
ControlLevel
>20 0
RxLevFull
(dBm)
<95 3.5 47 00:00:01.96 5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15
RxLevFull
(dBm)
<105 0.1 5 00:00:00.79 9,11
RxQualFull >5 27.6 293 00:00:02.38 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,21,22
RxQualFull >2 42.6 401 00:00:02.61
1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,
21,22
RxQualSub >5 8.6 211 00:00:01.24 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22
RxQualSub >2 19.5 343 00:00:01.52 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22
SQI <4 9.9 53 00:00:03.08 6,7,8,9,10,11,12
SQI <16 24.7 84 00:00:04.84 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
TA >50 0
TA >38 0
Thresholds
Events
AsshownintheaboveStatswecaneasilyfindoutthatwhicharetheLogFileswhereparticular
Evenhadhavehappened.
E.g.
BlockedCall:logfile3,4,5,6and21
DroppedCall:logfile6
WecanreplaytheseLogfilesandcanfindoutthereasonforthesamebystudyingtheRadio
Parametersatthatparticularevent.
Distributiongraphsofalllogfiles
Additional
SIGNALING
RadioInterfaceProtocolStructure
SIGNALINGLAYER3
Layer3providestheMobileNetworkSignaling(MNS)servicetotheuserapplication.
ItIncludes
Functionstoestablish,maintainandterminatecircuitswitchedconnectionsacrossa
GSMPLMNandothernetworkstowhichthePLMNisconnected.
Supportingfunctionsforsupplementaryservicesandshortmessageservicecontrol.
Functionsformobilitymanagementandradioresourcemanagement.
Protocolcontrolentitiesexistinthethreesublayers:
ConnectionManagement(CM)sublayer
MobilityManagement(MM)sublayer
RadioResourcemanagement(RR)sublayer
TheRRfunctionsresidemainlyintheBSC,althoughsomeRRfunctionsmayresideintheMSC.
IntheBTS,mostoftheRRmessagesarehandledastransparentmessages.
Umlayer3,distributionofsignalingfunctions
CONNECTIONMANAGEMENT
CMsublayercontainsfunctionsfor:
CallControlandcallrelatedsupplementaryservicesmanagement(CC).
ShortMessageService(SMS).
NoncallrelatedSupplementaryServicesmanagement(SS).
CallControl
CallControlsignalingproceduresaredescribedas:
Callestablishmentprocedures
Proceduresduringtheactivestate
Callclearing
Miscellaneousprocedures
ShortMessageServiceSupport(SMS):Itcomprisesof
ShortMessageControl(SMC)
ShortMessageControlProtocol(SMCP):Peercontrolfortransfershort
messagesbetweenMSandMSC
SupplementaryServicessupport(SS)
Notrelatedtoaspecificcall.E.g.registrationofcallforwardingonnoreplyorcall
waiting.
MOBILITYMANAGEMENT
Registrationmessages:
IMSIdetachindication
Locationupdatingaccept
Locationupdatingreject
Locationupdatingrequest
Securitymessages:
Authenticationreject
Authenticationrequest
Authenticationresponse
Identityrequest
Identityresponse
TMSIreallocationcommand
TMSIreallocationcomplete
Connectionmanagementmessages:
CMserviceaccept
CMservicereject
CMserviceabort
CMservicerequest
CMreestablishmentrequest
Abort
Miscellaneousmessage:
MMstatus
RADIORESOURCEMANAGEMENT
TheRRsublayerreceivesservicefromlayer2andgivesservicetotheMMsublayer.Inaddition,
RRcommunicatesdirectlywithlayer1forexchangeofinformationrelatedtomeasurement
controlandchannelmanagement.
ThegeneralpurposeoftheRRproceduresistoestablish,maintainandreleaseaRRconnection
betweentheMSandthenetwork.Thisincludeshandoverprocedures,cellselectionatpoweron
andinidlemode,recoveryfromlackofcoverageinidlemodeaswellascellreselectioninbusy
mode.
Channelestablishmentmessages:
Cipheringmessages:
Handovermessages:
Channelreleasemessages:
Pagingmessages:
Systeminformationmessages:
Miscellaneousmessages:
SIGNALINGLAYER2
Link Access Procedures on the Dm channel (LAPDm) is the layer 2 protocol used to convey
signalinginformationbetweenlayer3entitiesacrosstheradiointerface,usingtheDmchannel.
Dm channel refers to the control channels. Includes broadcast, common or dedicated control
channels.
LAPDm is a protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI structure. Its purpose is to
provide a reliable signaling link. It receives services from the physical layer and provides
servicestolayer3.
LAPDmisbasedontheISDNprotocolLAPD,whichisusedontheAbisinterface.
TwotypesofoperationonthedatalinkaresupportedbyLAPDm.
1. Unacknowledgedoperation
2. Acknowledged(ormultipleframe)operation
UNACKNOWLEDGEDOPERATION
Messages that need not be acknowledged are sent in Unnumbered Information (UI)
frames.Thismeansthatthereisnoflowcontrolorerrorrecoverymechanismdefined.
ACKNOWLEDGED(MULTIPLEFRAME)OPERATION
When an answer or acceptance is required, operation in acknowledged mode is
applied.Acknowledgedmodeisapplicableondedicatedcontrolchannelsonly.
Layer3messagesaresentinnumberedIframes.Inthiscase,anumberofconsecutiveI
frames (a window) can be sent before an acknowledgment is required. However, for
LAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must be
acknowledgedbeforethenextoneissent.
SIGNALINGLAYER1
Thesignalinglayer1,alsocalledthephysicallayer,representsthefunctionsrequiredtotransfer
thebitsoverthephysicalchannels,ontheradiomedium.
Inadditiontosignalinglayer2,layer1interfacesotherfunctionalunits,suchasspeechcoderand
terminaladapters,forthesupportoftrafficchannels.