Piping Design & Applications Workshop

Rev. 9-4-03
Piping Design &
Applications Workshop
Part C
Piping Design &
Applications Workshop
Part C
Don Frikken Becht Engineering Company
C-2
The process of calculating the strains,
and resultant stresses and forces in a
piping system to determine if the system
Flexibility Analysis
Flexibility Analysis
has adequate support
has sufficient flexibility to safely
accommodate changes in length
resulting from temperature variations
exerts sufficiently low reaction forces at
restraints and equipment
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-3
Flexibility Analysis adequate support
Flexibility Analysis adequate support
A piping system has adequate support if:
The calculated stresses do not exceed
the allowable
There are no sags greater than about
0.3 inches (8 mm), and
The system looks adequately
supported to those people who have to
work around the piping.
C-4
Flexibility Analysis change in length
Flexibility Analysis change in length
Changes in length resulting from
temperature variations
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-5
Flexibility Analysis change in length
Flexibility Analysis change in length
How much change in length due to temperature
variation?
L = * T * L
Where
= coefficient of thermal expansion (1/F, 1/C)
T = change in temperature (F, C)
L = original length
L = change in length
See table in supplement for values for .
C-6
Flexibility Analysis Workshop
Flexibility Analysis Workshop
How much does a 20 ft (6 m) long
segment of stainless steel pipe
change in length due to temperature
increasing from -20F (-30C) to
600F (315C)?
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-7
Flexibility Analysis change in length
Flexibility Analysis change in length
A piping system has sufficient flexibility to
safely accommodate changes in length
resulting from temperature variations if:
The calculated stress ranges do not
exceed the allowable, and
The system looks adequately flexible
to those people who have to work
around the piping.
C-8
Flexibility Analysis reactions
Flexibility Analysis reactions
A piping system exerts sufficiently low
reaction forces at restraints and
equipment if:
The calculated reactions at supports
do not exceed the design loads, and
The calculated reactions at equipment
are less than the allowable.
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-9
Flexibility Analysis reactions
Flexibility Analysis reactions
Excessive reactions at equipment cause:
Cracks at the base of nozzles
Distortion of rotating equipment casings,
which
Shortens life of seals and bearings
May result in rubbing contact of close-
clearance rotating elements
C-10
Flexibility Analysis reactions
Flexibility Analysis reactions
Allowed loads for equipment:
Equipment Item Industry Standard
Centrifugal Pumps API 610
Centrifugal Compressors API 617
Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers API 661
Pressure Vessel and Shell-and-
Tube Heat Exchanger Nozzles
WRC 107
Tank Nozzles API 650
Steam Turbines NEMA SM-23
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-11
Proposed System
Proposed System
NPS 4
Carbon Steel
Ambient to 600F (315C)
SG contents = 1.0
C-12
Adequate Support
Adequate Support
Check Deflections
Deflected 0.4 (10 mm)
Marginal:
> 0.3 (8 mm)
Normal
Maximum
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-13
45% 10%
Check Reactions
Adequate Support
Adequate Support
100% =
1020#
(4500 N)
5%
Reactions
Poorly
Distributed
C-14
Check Stresses
Adequate Support
Adequate Support
Max. is 66% of allowable
Stresses
OK
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-15
45 to 30% 10 to 15%
Revised System (Added Support)
Max. Displacement
0.4 to 0.1 (10 to 2 mm)
Max. Stress
66%to 34% of allowable
Adequate Support
Adequate Support
100 to 60% 5 to 10%
Displacements
Stresses &
Reactions
All OK
0 to 45%
C-16
Sufficient Flexibility
Sufficient Flexibility
Check Deflections
0.4 (10 mm)
0.9 (23 mm)
Deflections
OK
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-17
Sufficient Flexibility
Sufficient Flexibility
Check Reactions
5% 20% 100% =
1240# (5520 N)
95% 10%
Reactions
High, Poorly
Distributed
C-18
Sufficient Flexibility
Sufficient Flexibility
Check Stresses
Max. is 79% of allowable
Stresses
OK
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-19
Sufficient Flexibility
Sufficient Flexibility
5 to 5% 20 to 0% 100 to 10%
95 to 0% 10 to 15%
Revised System (Added Spring
Support)
Max. Displacement
0.9 to 1.5 (23 to 38 mm)
Max. Stress
79%to 48% of allowable
Displacements
Stresses &
Reactions
All OK
100% =
1240# (5520 N)
C-20
The process of calculating the strains,
and resultant stresses and forces in a
piping system to determine if the system
Flexibility Analysis
Flexibility Analysis
has adequate support
has sufficient flexibility to safely
accommodate changes in length
resulting from temperature variations
exerts sufficiently low reaction forces at
restraints and equipment
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-21
Designing With Expansion Joints
Designing With Expansion Joints
Types of Expansion Joints
Pressure Thrust
Installation of Expansion Joints
(Hanjo) (General Rubber) (Hyspan)
C-22
Types of Expansion Joints
Types of Expansion Joints
Ball
Slip
Rubber Bellows Metal Bellows
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-23
Pressure Thrust
Pressure Thrust
Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA)
C-24
Pressure Thrust
Pressure Thrust
(EJMA)
Which types of expansion joints have this problem?
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-25
Pressure Thrust
Pressure Thrust
For a bellow type expansion joint, the
pressure thrust force is
F = P * * d
2
4
Where
P = pressure
d = pitch diameter of bellows
C-26
Pressure Thrust Workshop
Pressure Thrust Workshop
What is the apparent change in the weight
of a vessel caused by increasing the
pressure by 100 psi (700 kPa)?
See the supplement, page 42.
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-27
Installation of Expansion Joints
Installation of Expansion Joints
Anchors must be designed for full pressure thrust
based on test pressure.
(EJMA)
C-28
Bellows Movement
Bellows Movement
Axial (EJMA) Rotation (EJMA)
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-29
Bellows Movement
Bellows Movement
Lateral (EJMA)
Inefficient for bellows
Efficient use of bellows for
Lateral movement (EJMA)
C-30
Universal Expansion Joint
Universal Expansion Joint
Piping Technology & Products
(PTP)
(PTP)
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-31
Universal Expansion Joint
Universal Expansion Joint
In-plane application
(EJMA)
3-dimensional application
(EJMA)
C-32
Hinged Expansion Joint
Hinged Expansion Joint
(EJMA) (Adsco) (Hae Jo Industrial)
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-33
Hinged Expansion Joint
Hinged Expansion Joint
(EJMA)
(EJMA)
C-34
Gimbal Expansion Joint
Gimbal Expansion Joint
(EJMA)
(Adsco) (Hae Jo Industrial)
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-35
Gimbal Expansion Joint
Gimbal Expansion Joint
(EJMA)
C-36
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-37
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
(EJMA)
(Hae Jo Industrial)
C-38
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
(EJMA)
(EJMA)
Piping Design & Applications Workshop
Rev. 9-4-03
C-39
Shipping Braces
Shipping Braces