5 Nonel

1
2
NONEL
USERS GUIDE
The NONEL system ......................................... 7
Snapline connector block ................................. 8
In-hole detonator .............................................. 9
Three different NONEL systems .................... 10
NONEL MS .................................................... 13
Firing plan for bench blasting......................... 14
Firing plan for pipeline trench blasting .......... 15
Firing plan with detonating cord .................... 16
Underwater blasting........................................ 17
Sub-level caving ............................................. 19
NONEL UNIDET........................................... 20
Principle of initiation with NONEL UNIDET 21
Risk of overlapping ........................................ 23
UNIDET firing plan No. 1.............................. 24
UNIDET firing plan No. 10............................ 33
UNIDET firing plan No. 11 ............................ 34
NONEL LP ..................................................... 41
Firing plan LP1 ............................................... 42
Initiation by means of bunch connectors ........ 43
Firing plan LP2 ............................................... 44
Firing plan LP3 ............................................... 45
Firing plan LP4 ............................................... 45
Firing plan LP5 ............................................... 46
Initiation by means of detonating cord ........... 47
Initiation with the aid of Dynoline ................. 48
Initiation by electric detonator ........................ 51
Destroying detonators ..................................... 52
Destroying NONEL tubes............................... 52
Destroying detonating cord ............................ 52
Dealing with misfires ..................................... 53
Fact sheet for NONEL system........................ 54
EC type certificate .......................................... 55
Contents
TECHNICAL DATA SHEETS
INITIATION SYSTEMS
EXPLOSIVES
ACCESSORIES
USERS
GUIDE
3
Photography: Reinhold Carlson, et al.
Illustrations: Thommy Gustavsson, Gsta Lithner
Printed on environmentally-friendly paper, Inlaga Cyklus print 150 g; cover Chromocard 240 g.
SOO/1998-08/Edition 1.
U S E R S G U I D E
This Users Guide is intended as a complement to the NONEL System
Description, in which the function of the entire NONEL system is de-
scribed in detail. The main purpose of this booklet is to propose firing
plans and give ideas on how they may be adapted to meet different de-
mands in modern rock blasting.
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5
Users Guide
The NONEL initiation system was invented by Dyno Nobel and first
marketed in 1973. It is a non-electric initiation system based on a signal
line of low energy type. A shock wave is made to pass through the signal
line, which consists of a plastic tube coated internally with a reactive
substance. The shock wave is strong enough to initiate a delay element,
but not strong enough to split the tube and initiate adjacent explosives.
The velocity of the shock wave through the tube is approximately 2100
m/s.
The difference between NONEL and other non-electric systems such
as detonating cord is that the reaction in NONEL is enclosed in a tube.
With detonating cord, the cord itself detonates, as the name implies.
Initiation front
With NONEL, the shock wave is enclosed in a plastic tube.
With detonating cord, the cord itself detonates.
6
With the NONEL system, the explosive can be initiated effectively from
the bottom, whereas detonating cord causes initiation in the top part of
the hole in most cases. When used to initiate relatively insensitive ex-
plosives such as ANFO and certain slurries, detonating cord can cause
dead-pressing of the explosive.
NONEL Detonating cord
Top initiation with detonating cord often causes flyrock, since the
stemming is destroyed as the detonation passes through it.
When initiating a round with NONEL, initiation on the surface takes place well before
initiation of the explosives in the drill hole.
NONEL
Detonating cord
7
The NONEL system
The NONEL initiation system consists of in-hole detonators, surface connector units,
starter tube and a blasting machine.
Function
The function of the in-hole detonator is to initiate the explosive in the
drill hole. The function of the surface connector unit is to transmit the
initiation signal to the in-hole detonator. The surface connector unit con-
sists of a connector block that contains a mini-detonator with or without
a delay element.
8
Snapline connector block
The NONEL SL connector block is intended to initiate 5 NONEL tubes.
Thanks to the design of the block, the NONEL tubes are initiated in both
directions.
Snapline connector blocks are intended for transmitting the initiation shock
wave on the rock surface only and must not be used in the drill hole.
If the cover on the SL connector block
needs to be opened after it has been
snapped shut, simply take the free end of a
NONEL tube, slip it underneath the lock
of the cover and pull upwards. Knives or
other sharp objects should not be used.
Hold the connector block in one hand
between the thumb and forefinger, with
the opening (slot) facing upwards.
1
With your other hand, take the tubes that
are to be connected and snap them into
the slot one by one.
Slide the block toward the drill hole and
tension the tubes moderately to tidy up the
connection.
When all tubes (max. 5 pieces) are in
place, snap shut the cover with your
thumb. Make sure the cover snaps into the
locked position.
2
3
4
1 2
3 4
9
The in-hole detonator is of No. 8 strength (according to Prior test No.10)
to ensure reliable initiation of primers and detonator-sensitive explo-
sives. It is a NPED* detonator (i.e. Non-Primary Explosives Detona-
tor), which means that it does not contain a primary explosive. The NPED
detonator is considerably less sensitive to impact and shock compared
with detonators that contain primary explosive. The sensitive lead azide
(the primary explosive) has been replaced with pentyl, which is enclosed
in a steel sleeve.
The in-hole detonator is intended for initiation of the explosive in the hole
only and must not be used on the rock surface. (The only exception is when
an electric detonator is used to initiate a NONEL round - see page 51).
In-hole detonator
Cutaway section of NPED detonator
*US patent No. 4.727.808
10
Three different NONEL
systems
Three NONEL-based initiation systems are available:
NONEL MS
NONEL UNIDET
NONEL LP
NONEL MS and NONEL UNIDET are used for bench blasting. Their
delay times are therefore designed to suit the conditions that prevail in
bench blasting.
When blasting several rows on a bench, it is important that the rock
in the first row is given enough time to move forwards before the next
row starts to move. Since rock swells by approximately 50% in volume
when broken up by explosives, room must be made for this expansion
within a very short period of time. Studies have shown that, ideally, the
rock in a row should move forwards by 1/3 of the burden before the next
row is allowed to detonate. Since the required delay time between rows
can vary between 10 ms per metre of burden in hard rock to 30 ms/m in
soft rock, a value of 15 ms/m can generally be used as a guideline.
B = burden
11
NONEL MS
is a conventional delay initiation system with a delay time of 25 ms
between each interval. Such short delay times are a legacy from the
past, when small-diameter holes were drilled with small burdens. Series
11 and 12 integral drill-steels require a burden of between 1 and 1.5
metres, for which a delay of 25 ms between rows is a good normal value.
NONEL UNIDET
is an initiation system that employs a uniform delay time in the in-hole
detonators and variable delay times in the connector units on the sur-
face. The delay time in the drill hole is usually 500 ms (but other options
can be used). This is then supplemented by delay times in the surface
connector units, which give the desired initiation sequence.
Surface delays from 17 to 176 ms are available, which gives great
flexibility in adapting the initiation sequence to suit the burden and rock
characteristics.
NONEL LP
is an initiation system intended for underground use. The delay times
between intervals in the system are generally longer in order to give
enough time for blasted rock to be properly displaced in the confined
space and single free face typical in tunnelling.
In most tunnels today, the parallel-hole cut is employed to first break
out a central cavity in the face, into which the rock surrounding the cut
can be displaced. The cut usually incorporates one or more large-diam-
eter relief holes, which are not charged. The rock broken by the hole(s)
closest to the relief hole(s) must be thrown out of the face before the
next closest hole(s) are detonated. Since blasted rock is thrown out of
the face at a velocity of 40-60 metres per second, displacement will take
between 60 and 100 milliseconds for a hole 4 metres in depth. A delay
time of at least 100 ms between intervals in the cut is therefore essential
in order to prevent the rock from jamming up in the cut and impairing
the blasting result.
12
Once the cut has been thrown out of the face to make room for further
rock displacement, a different detonator/explosive effect is required, since
limited throwback of the round is now desirable. The shotholes surround-
ing the cut are therefore given longer delays (500 ms) between intervals,
with the aim of producing a neatly confined muck pile that is easy to
load.
When blasting the contour, a primary requirement is that the detonators
should have good precision in order to ensure simultaneity in smooth-
blasting.
13
NONEL MS
NONEL MS is of conventional construction with 25 ms delays between
intervals. The initiation sequence is built up by means of the unique
delay times of each interval. Initiation is effected on the surface by means
of connector blocks with instantaneous initiation. The system has 18
intervals numbered from 3 to 20. The series begins with No. 3 for the
purpose of delaying the first interval by 75 ms in order to avoid the risk
of tube cut-offs. NONEL tube, with its shock wave transmission veloc-
ity of 2100 m/s, has an inherent delay of 0.5 ms/m. In larger rounds
therefore, it is conceivable that all detonators will not receive their ini-
tiation signals by the time rock displacement begins from the first hole.
By delaying the first interval by 75 ms, a total of 150 m of tube is per-
missible in the connector units on the surface without the risk of tubes to
some parts of the round being damaged by early rock displacement or
flyrock.
Signal conductors to detonators with nominally lower delay period numbers
must not be more than 8 metres longer than signal conductors to detonators
with the next higher delay period number.
NONEL MS is used mainly in smaller bench blasting operations on the
surface and underground, as well as in underwater blasting and sub-
level caving.
14
Firing plan for bench blasting
Each surface connector unit initiates 4 in-hole detonators, as well as the
next surface connector unit. For the shortest possible delay in surface
initiation, initiation takes place via a trunk line from which side lines
branch off. However, with this arrangement it should be remembered
that, if a surface connector unit in one of the front rows fails to detonate,
it would have a negative influence on the blasting result in the rear part
of the round.
3
6
6
6 6 7
6
5
5
5
5 5
6
5
4
4
4 4 4
3
7
3 3 4
15
Firing plan for pipeline trench blasting
Connection is made in the direction of initiation. Failure of one surface
connector unit does not affect the result significantly. The round can be
reconnected and fired with good results.
A disadvantage of the NONEL MS system in pipeline trench blasting
is the limited length of trench that can be blasted in each round.
12
13 13
12
10
11 11
10
8
9 9
8
6
7 7
6
4
5 5
4
3 3
16
Firing plan with detonating cord
NONEL MS rounds can be initiated with detonating cord, provided that
noise and airborne shock waves are permissible at the worksite. Deto-
nating cord with a charge weight of between 3.6 and 5.0 g/m is recom-
mended.
Ideally, the NONEL tube should be connected to the detonating cord
by means of a MULTICLIP.
7 6 6 6 6 7
6 5 5 5 5 6
5 4 4 4 4 5
4 3 3 3 3 4
17
Underwater blasting
For underwater blasting, a reinforced version of NONEL MS is recom-
mended, as well as two detonators in each hole. The tubes from the
detonators are connected to Snapline 0 connector blocks on the water
surface. The Snapline connector blocks should be mounted on floats of
polystyrene or a similar material.
Two initiation paths are recommended in underwater blasting in or-
der to ensure the reliability of initiation.
4
5
3
4
3
4
3...
4...
18
Underwater rounds can also be initiated by detonat-
ing cord. A maximum of 20 NONEL tubes can be gath-
ered into a bunch, and detonating cord tied in a clove
hitch around the bunch.
Bunches should be placed at least half a metre away
from each other in order to reduce the risk of tube
cut-off.
4 3 3 3...
5 4 4 4...
19
NONEL MS is well suited for use in sub-level caving, which could be
described as a kind of upside-down bench blasting.
Sub-level caving
7
6
5
4
3 3
4
5
6
7
12
11
10
9
8 8
9
10
11
12
20
NONEL UNIDET
NONEL UNIDET is based on the use of in-hole detonators with uni-
form delay. All in-hole detonators in the round have the same delay time
and the initiation sequence is determined on the surface by means of
surface connector units with built-in delays. The delay time in the in-
hole detonator is usually chosen as 500 ms, which normally enables all
in-hole detonators to be initiated on the surface before any rock dis-
placement begins.
21
Final delay
Principle of initiation with NONEL UNIDET
Base delay
All holes in the round are usually charged with detonators with the same
delay in this case 500 ms.
The initiation sequence is determined on the surface by means of Snapline
connector blocks.
500 ms 500 500 500...
500 ms 525 550 575...
Surface delay 0 ms 25 50 75...
22
Snapline connector blocks are available with different delays and are
colour coded to indicate the delay time.
Green 0 ms (nominally 1.75 ms)
Yellow 17 ms
Red 25 ms
White 42 ms
Blue 67 ms
Black 109 ms
Orange 176 ms
With Snapline connector blocks, surface activation takes place well be-
fore rock displacement begins.
0 ms 42 84 126 168 210 252 294 336 378 420 462 504 etc. etc.
1004... 962 ...920 584... 542 500 ms
23
According to Swedish Standard SS 4990707 Initiation systems with
non-electric signal lines of low energy type, section 19.4 Theoretical
verification, the maximum round size for different firing plans must be
stated. If the stated number of holes is exceeded, a risk of overlapping
unacceptable under SS 4990707 arises.
Dyno Nobel advises against the use of firing plans that do not meet
the demands of SS 4990707.
The calculations are based on nominal delay times and maximum
standard deviations submitted by the manufacturer. They are intended
to show where a theoretical risk of overlapping will arise in the most
unfavourable case. A risk of overlapping is considered to exist if there is
a possibility of a hole in one of the back rows detonating before a hole in
one of the front rows. The risk of overlapping is stated for each firing
plan. The recommendations given are applicable provided that all in-
hole detonators have the same active tube length. The term active tube
length refers to the length of tube between the in-hole detonator and
the point on the tube at which the surface connector unit is connected.
The time increment that the delay times receive (on the basis of the
velocity of the detonation wave in NONEL tubes) has a negative influ-
ence on the number of holes in a row only when the active tube length
reduces with the row depth, i.e. when the active tube length in any row
is shorter than that in a previous row. For this reason, the greatest per-
missible length differential is 5 metres.
Length differentials of 0 and 5 metres have been taken into consideration in
the calculation of the risks of overlapping.
N.B.
The delay times between rows must always be equal to or greater than
the delay times between the holes in the rows.
Risk of overlapping.
Maximum round sizes for different firing
plans using NONEL UNIDET.
24
UNIDET firing plan No. 1
Row-by-row connection of a NONEL UNIDET round: 25 ms delay be-
tween rows and no delay between holes. The holes at both edges of the
round are delayed by 25 ms to give a better breaking angle and reduce
the risk of overbreak. Only 3 components are needed: NONEL UNIDET
detonator, Snapline 0 and Snapline 25 connector blocks.
Risk of overlapping:
0 metres length differential in active tube length
Number of holes per row that can be connected without contravening
Swedish Standard SS 4990707.
Delay time between rows of holes
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
Max. No. of holes per row X 292 1000 1000 1000 1000
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
The stated limitations in the number of holes per row assume symmetric connection,
i.e. that the rows are connected in the centre of the round. In the case of rounds
connected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible.
X = Not recommended
X = Not recommended
25 0 0 0
0
0
50
25 25 25
25
25
75
50 50 50
50
50
100 75 75 75
75
75
100 100 100 100 100
125
125 125 125 125 125
150
25
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
connected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible. The values in the
tables assume that the same delay time is used between rows as between the
individual holes in the rows.
Plow-shaped initiation with 25 ms delay between rows and 25 ms delay
between the holes in the rows. Needs few components. Snapline 0 con-
nector block can be replaced with a Snapline 25 in order to rationalize
stock holding, i.e. NONEL UNIDET detonators and Snapline 25 con-
nector blocks only. This firing plan gives good fragmentation through
the collision effect as the round is thrown forwards.
X = Not recommended
X = Not recommended
250 225 50 25 0 25
275
250
300
275
300
325
350
75 50 25 50
325
350
375
100 75 50 75
125 100 75 100
150 125 100 125
175 150 125 150
26
Another firing plan with few components. Through diagonal connec-
tion, a 50 ms delay is obtained between rows, with a delay of 25 ms
between the holes in the rows. This firing plan gives a wide hole-spac-
ing effect, which has a favourable effect on fragmentation. As in the
previous firing plan, the number of components can be rationalized to
two the NONEL UNIDET in-hole detonator and Snapline 25 connec-
tor block if the round is initiated by means of a Snapline 25 connector
block.
Connector block used SL17 SL25 SL42 SL67 SL109 SL176
Delay time between rows
Milliseconds 34 50 84 134 218 352
Max. No. of holes per row 56 140 126 224 434 696
Connector block used SL17 SL25 SL42 SL67 SL109 SL176
Delay time between rows
Milliseconds 34 50 84 134 218 352
Max. No. of holes per row 46 124 118 214 422 686
connected asymmetrically, only half the stated number is permissible.
250
300
350
400
450
500
225
275
325
375
425
475 300 275 250 275
250 225 200 225
200 175 150 175
150 125 100 125
100 75 50 75
50 25 0 25
27
Firing plan with 42 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between the holes
in the rows. Connection is made row-by-row toward the rear of the round.
Good wide hole-spacing effect.
Maximum number of holes per row in round with different combinations of
surface connector units.
Delay between holes Delay between hole rows
in the same row Milliseconds
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
17 X 11 45 103 289 771
25 X 11 45 103 289 771
42 X X 17 38 107 284
67 X X X 26 73 193
109 X X X X 53 140
176 X X X X X 86
Maximum number of holes per row in round with different combinations of
surface connector units.
Delay between holes Delay between hole rows
in the same row Milliseconds
Milliseconds 17 25 42 67 109 176
17 X 7 39 94 275 748
25 X 7 39 94 275 748
42 X X 15 35 101 275
67 X X X 24 69 187
109 X X X X 50 136
176 X X X X X 84
The stated limitations in the number of holes per row assume asymmetric connection,
i.e. that the rows are connected at one edge of the round. In the case of rounds
connected symmetrically, i.e. from the centre outward in both directions, twice as many
holes per row can be connected without contravening Swedish Standard SS 4990707.
X = Not recommended
X = Not recommended
102 85 68 51 34 17 0
144 127 110 93 76 59
42
186 169 152 135 118 101
84
228 211 194 177 160 143
126
270 253 236 219 202 185
168
312 295 278 261 244 227
210
28
42 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between the holes in the rows.
Plow-shaped initiation with good wide hole-spacing effect.
SL 17 should not be used between rows, or the risk of overlapping will exceed what is
permissible under Swedish Standard SS 4990707. In all other combinations where the
delay time between the holes in the rows is shorter than the delay time between rows,
the risk of overlapping does not contravene Swedish Standard SS 4990707.
68 51 34 17 0 17 34...
110 93 76 59 42 59 76
152 135 118 101 84 101 118
194 177 160 143 126 143 160
29
Firing plan with 109 ms delay between rows and 17 ms between the
holes in the rows. Suitable for rounds with holes of relatively large di-
ameter and commensurately large burden. Holes connected row-by-row
toward the rear of the round.
51 34 17
0
17 34
160 143 126 109 126 143
269 252 235 218 235 252
378 361 344 327 344 361
30
U 500
U 500
Firing plan with a delay of 109 ms between rows and 42 ms between the
holes in the rows. Suitable for rounds with holes of relatively large di-
ameter and commensurately large burden. Holes are connected row-by-
row toward the rear. Two detonators are used in each hole, which is
recommended when the rock is cracked or fissured and bulk explosives
are used. In this case, the top detonator has been connected to a connec-
tor block that is initiated 42 ms later than the block that initiates the
bottom detonator. This is designed to prevent, as far as possible, the top
detonator from initiating before the bottom one.
210
168 126 84 42 0
42 84...
319
277 235 193 151 109 151 193...
428
386 344 302 260 218 260 302...
537
495 453 411 369 327 369 411...
646
604 562 520 478 436 478 520...
755
713 671 629 587 545 587 629...
31
By means of diagonal connection, the delay between rows can be well
adapted to local conditions. In this case, diagonal connection gives a
delay of 17 + 42 ms = 59 ms between rows and a delay of 17 ms be-
tween the holes in the rows. The Snapline 67 connector block is used in
the last two rows to increase the delay in these rows to 84 ms, which
often gives better breakage and throw.
Max. 32 rows of holes can be connected without contravening
Max. 29 rows of holes can be connected without contravening
85 68 51 34 17 0 25 42
144 127 110 93 76 59 84
101
203
186 169 152 135 118
143 160
262 245 228 211 194 177
202 219
346
329 312 295 278 261
286 303
430
413 396 379 362 345
370 387
32
Simple zigzag connection with 101 ms delay between rows and 59 ms
between the holes in the rows. At the beginning of the loop, however,
the delay times are shorter, i.e. 59 ms and 17 ms. A good plan if only
two rows are to be fired.
NONE
0 17 76 135 194 253
59 118 177 236 295 354...
33
U 500
U 500
A maximum of 30 rows of holes can be connected without contravening
Swedish Standard 4990707.
Connected with two detonators in each hole. Can be a good safety pre-
caution if there is water in the holes or if there are other reasons to be
concerned about the possibility of interruptions in the explosives col-
umn. In this plan there is a 59 ms delay between rows and 17 ms be-
tween the holes in the rows. The upper detonator is connected diago-
nally to the block for the next hole, which gives it a 17 ms delay. This
normally ensures initiation of the bottom detonator first.
17 34 51 68 85 102
119
136
59 76 93 110 127 144 161 178
118 135 152 169 186 203 220 237
177 194 211 228 245 262 279
296
236 253 270 287 304 321 338
355
295 312 329 346 363 380 397
414
431
0
34
U 500
U 500
A 176 ms delay between rows, with a 42 ms delay between the holes in
the rows in one direction and 25 ms in the other. Gives each hole a
unique delay time. Good wide hole-spacing effect. This plan is very
reliable, since each hole is initiated by two detonators connected to sepa-
rate connector blocks.
420 168 126 84 42 0 25 67...
596 344 302 260 218 176 201 243...
762 520 478 436 394 352 377 419...
938 696 654 612 570 528 553 595...
1114 872 830 788 746 704 729 771...
1290 1048 1006 964 922 880 905 947...
35
U 500
U 500
In both symmetric and asymmetric connection, an unlimited number of holes and rows
can be connected without contravening Swedish Standard SS 4990707.
Extra reliability through double initiation lines.
25 + 67 = 92 ms delay between rows and 25 ms between the holes in the
rows. There are two detonators in each hole, which can be a good pre-
caution in cracked or fissured rock and when using bulk explosives. To
avoid top initiation as far as possible, the upper detonator is connected
to a block that detonates later than the block to which the bottom deto-
nator is connected.
75 50 25
0 25 50
167 142 117
92
117 142
259 234 209
184
209 234
351 326 301 276 301 326
376
36
U 450
U 475
U 500
Three-deck charge in each hole for sites where there are restrictions on
vibration. Each sub-charge has its own delay time. There is a 101 ms
delay between rows and 59 ms between the holes in the rows (with the
exception of holes 1 and 2 in the first row).
Complies with Swedish Standard SS 4990707.
0 17 76 135 194 253
59 118 177 236 295
37
U 450
U 475
U 500
Firing plan for blasting with three-deck charge in each hole. There are
two detonators in each charge. Two parallel initiation lines give a delay
of 84 ms between rows, with 17 ms between the holes in the rows. Plan
demonstrates that NONEL UNIDET, together with Snapline connector
blocks, can be used in the most complicated of situations.
0 17 34 51 68 85 102 119
84 101 118 135 152 169 186 203
0
168 185 202 219 236 253 270 287
252 269 286 303 320 337 354 371
336 353 370 387 404 421 438 455
420 437 454 471 488 505 522 539
38
Smooth blasting with NONEL UNIDET. The smooth-blast row is deto-
nated last in the round.
Number of holes that can be connected without contravening
No. of rows 4 11 16
Max. No. of holes per row 14 12 10
The values assume symmetric connection, i.e. connection in
the centre of the row and outward in both directions.
Number of holes that can be connected without contravening
No. of rows 3 10 16
Max. No. of holes per row 14 12 10
The values assume symmetric connection, i.e. connection in
the centre of the row and outward in both directions.
51 34 17
0
17 34
160 143 126 109
126 143
269 252 235 218 235 252
378 361 344 327
344 361
453 436 436 436 436 453
39
Pre-splitting with NONEL UNIDET. Best results are obtained if deto-
nating cord can be used (3.6 or 5.0 g/m) to initiate the pre-split row (bear
in mind the airborne shock wave).
N.B. The detonating cord should be located at least 20 cm away from
the NONEL tubes in the round in order to avoid cut-offs of the tubes.
No limitation in the round part. However, pre-split row will detonate first.
68 51 34 17 34 51
0
177 160 143 126
143 160
286 269 252
395 378 361
235 252 269
344
361 378
0
0
0 0
0
0
40
500 542 584 626...
475 517 559 601...
500 542 584 626...
U 500
U 475
0
17
34
51
68
85
102
119 136
153
170 187
204
221 238
Simple connection of pipeline trench us-
ing only 3 components, which can be re-
duced to 2 if the Snapline 0 connector
block is replaced with a Snapline 17.
Pipeline trench blasting with UNIDET U475 detonators in the centre
holes and U500 in the outer holes. A delay of 42 ms between rows gives
good breaking geometry in the round.
41
NONEL LP has been developed for drift and tunnel blasting, where longer
delay times are needed to give enough time for the rock to break free
and be thrown away from the face.
NONEL LP
The LP series detonators have the following nominal delay times:
No. 0 25 ms No. 14 1400 ms
1 100 ms 16 1600 ms
2 200 ms 18 1800 ms
3 300 ms 20 2075 ms
4 400 ms 25 2500 ms
5 500 ms 30 3000 ms
6 600 ms 35 3500 ms
7 700 ms 40 4000 ms
8 800 ms 45 4500 ms
9 900 ms 50 5000 ms
10 1000 ms 55 5500 ms
11 1110 ms 60 6000 ms
12 1235 ms
42
55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55
50 18 14
10
12 18 25 50
40 16 9
3
9 16 20 40
5 1 6
4 2
8 7
40 18 12
10
14 18 25 40
40
25
20 16 20 25
30
40
50
35
30
30
30
35
45
50
45
45
45 45
45
Firing plan LP 1
The round is charged conventionally, with the lowest period number
nearest the large-diameter relief hole and the highest out at the contour.
Initiation can be effected by means of bunch connectors. Connect the
NONEL tube from the bunch connectors to a Snapline 0 connector block
or a NONEL STARTER.
Note that LP detonator No. 0 has not been used in the firing plan. (It
may, however, be advisable to keep it as a spare in case the relief hole is
full of water. The water can then be blown out of the hole using a weak
charge that detonates first.)
The length differential between the initiation points on the respective NONEL
tubes and their in-hole detonators should not exceed 5 metres.
43
Gather at least 5 but maximum 20 NONEL
tubes into a bunch.
Initiation
Initiation by means of bunch connectors
The bunch connector is only intended for use hanging freely on the
tunnel face.
Bind the bunch together with tape as close as
possible to the face of the tunnel. Apply
another band of tape 40 cm out from the first
binding.
Insert the bunch through a loop of 5 g/m
detonating cord. Fit a Snapline 0 connector
block to the loop and slide it up against the
bunch of tubes.
Make sure the Snapline connector block and
detonating cord are located at least 20 cm
away from the tape point nearest the tunnel
face. Press the Snapline connector block
against the bunch of NONEL tubes and snap it
shut by pressing the cover down into the
locked position. Now connect the leads from
the Snapline connector blocks on the
respective bunch connectors into a Snapline 0
connector block and pull the bunch connectors
away from the tunnel face. N.B. Make sure
that none of the bunch connectors is located
any closer than 20 cm to other NONEL tubes.
44
55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55
50 18 14
10
12 18 25 50
40 16 9
3
9 16 20 40
5 1 6
4 2
8 7
40 18 12
10
14 18 25 40
40
25
20 16 20 25
30
40
50
35
30
30
30
35
45
50
45
45
45 45
45
Firing plan LP 2
If there are restrictions on vibration at the worksite, the problem can be
alleviated by delaying half the face by 42 ms (for instance), as in this
case. The solution gives a greater spread and reduces the risk of charges
detonating simultaneously.
In this case, LP detonator No. 0 cannot be used, since a hole with a
delay of only 25 ms would detonate before the detonators bunch-con-
nected to the Snapline 42 connector blocks could be activated, thus in-
curring an obvious risk of cut-offs of the NONEL tubes.
45
55 50 50 45 45 45 45 55 45 45 50 50
5
3
4 4
3
5
4
1
2 2
5 5
4
50 16 14 10 8 8 10 14 16 50
25
14 12 9 7 7 9 12 14
25
20
14 12 10 8 8 10 12 14
20
20
20
40
40
35
35
35
30
30
30
25
20
40
40
30
35
20
16
25
30
35
25
25
35
25 25
30
16 16
16
10
12
12
9
12
14
18
18
18
10
14
10 12
12
9
12
14
18
18
18
10
14
+67 ms +109 ms
0 ms +42 ms +176 ms
+109 ms +67 ms
0 ms +42 ms +176 ms
By using Snapline connector blocks with different delays, the risk of
simultaneous detonation in sensitive environments can be reduced.
In this case, 5 different Snapline blocks have been used to give a greater
spread in detonation times.
The lowest delay time in the cut is 100 ms (LP det. No. 1) in order to
avoid cut-offs of the NONEL tubes.
Firing plan LP 3
Firing plan LP 4
46
5500 5000 5000 4500
5000 1600 1400 1000
2075
1400 1235 900
2075
1400 1235 1000 800
700
800
4500 4542 4542 5042 5042
842 1042 1442 1642
742 942 1277 1442
842 1042 1277 1442
2117
2542
5042
5542 4676 4676
676
576
476 476
276
576
576
4067
3567
376
2142
4067
3567
2142
376
576
676
676 676
3067
2567
3567
3067
3067
1867
2667
1467
1867
2567
1867
1667
1267
1467
1302
1067
1667
967
1067
1302
4109
3609
2184
4109
3609
2184
3109
2609
3609
3109
3109
1909
2609
1509
1909
2609
1909
1709
1309
1509
1309
1109
1709
1009
1109
1309
+67 ms +109 ms
0 ms +42 ms +176 ms
Firing plan LP 5
Nominal times according to connection arrangement shown on
preceding page.
47
55 50 50 50 50 50 50 55
50 18 14
10
12 18 25 50
40 16 9
1
9 16 20 40
5
4
6
2
3
8 7
40 18 12
10
14 18 25 40
40
25
20 16 20
25
30
40
50
35
30
30
30
35
45
50
45
45
45 45
45
The bunches are then connected together with detonating cord and pulled
away from the tunnel face. The detonating cord should be tensioned so
that it does not lie too close (min. 20 cm) to the NONEL tubes, other-
wise there is a risk of the shock wave from the detonating cord to cut off
the NONEL tubes without initiating them.
Initiation by means of detonating cord
In bunch initiation using detonating cord, at least 5 but maximum 20
NONEL tubes are gathered into a bunch and taped together as close as
possible to the tunnel face.
A second tape binding is applied approximately 40 cm from the face.
A clove hitch is then tied around the bunch using 3.6 or 5 g/m detonating
cord, and tightened at least 20 cm away from the tape point nearest the
tunnel face.
48
Initiation with the aid of Dynoline
The simplest and safest way to initiate NONEL rounds is with the aid of
Dynoline, which is NONEL tube supplied in rolls of 750 or 1500 metres.
A suitable length of Dynoline is connected between the leader on the
first Snapline connector block in the round and the DynoStart blasting
machine that is used to initiate the round.
(NONEL rounds can also be initiated by means of an electric detona-
tor - see page 51).
49
The glue plug or sealing weld in the NONEL tube from the Snapline
block must be cut off and the tube connected to the Dynoline by means
of an outer tube 4 cm in length (cut from the outer tube supplied with the
roll of Dynoline). The NONEL tube must be pressed into the outer tube
by at least 1 cm. The Dynoline should then be drawn out to the chosen
firing site.
When the round is ready for firing, connect the Dynoline to a blasting
machine (type DynoStart) by inserting the tube into the chuck as far as
it will go. Do not turn the chuck.
50
To initiate the round, press the CHARGING button until the light-
emitting-diode (LED) lights constantly. Then, keeping the CHARG-
ING button depressed, press the FIRING button.
51
Initiation by electric detonator
NONEL rounds can also be initiated by means of an electric detonator.
In this case, the detonator is connected to the lead of the first Snapline
connector block in the round (preferably a Snapline 0). The detonator
must be connected firmly to the lead using insulation tape, and the bot-
tom of the detonator must point in the direction in which lead on the
connector block is required to initiate.
N.B.
To protect the NONEL tubes in the round from shrapnel from the elec-
tric detonator, the detonator must be well covered with soil or drill cut-
tings. Ideally, it should be located at least 5 metres away from the round.
This can be achieved by connecting a suitable length of Dynoline to the
lead on the Snapline connector block (see page 48 for instructions) and
connecting the electric detonator to the opposite end of the Dynoline.
N.B.
When an electric detonator is connected to the round, you are subject to
the same risks as in electric initiation as far as lightning, static electric-
ity, stray currents, etc. are concerned. For this and other safety reasons,
the detonator must NOT be connected to the Snapline connector block
until the round has been connected up completely and firing is about to
take place.
52
Destroying detonators
Detonators that are damaged or too old must not be used. They must be
destroyed.
Destroying NONEL tubes
With the aid of a DynoStart blasting machine, initiate and burn out the
reactive substance in the tube and then send it to:
1. A recycling site
2. A garbage dump
3. An incineration site.
Destroying detonating cord
1. Connect the detonating cord to a detonator and fire the detonator.
Bear in mind the risk of shrapnel and airborne shock waves.
2. Drop the detonating cord into a blast hole together with the explo-
sives and let it detonate with the round.
Detonators can also be exploded by
taping them to an explosive cartridge
and then detonating the cartridge. If
the cartridge is detonated in the open
air, bear in mind the potential hazards
posed by shrapnel and airborne shock
waves.
If larger quantities of detonators need to be destroyed due to damage or
age, please contact Dyno Nobel or your nearest Dyno Nobel representa-
tive.
Destruction
Individual undamaged detonators
can be destroyed by detonating
them in conjunction with the firing
of a round. Cut the tubes off the
detonators and drop the detonators
one-by-one into one or more of the
drill holes. They will detonate when
the round is fired.
53
Dealing with misfires
If undetonated holes are encountered after blasting, the following pro-
cedure can be followed:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A B C D E F G
Risk zone evacuated
and guarded. Signal, fire,
wait, check.
Completely
OK
Muck out
Report
New starter
Check
B1
Report
Uncover
New primer,
new starter
Check
B1
Report
Blow out
New primer
and starter
Check
B1
Report
Notify, mark,
guard if
necessary
Report
Flush out
and scale
alongside
Re-charge
B1
Report
Assess
entirety
Treat as C4
Misfire
Whole round
Part of
round
Several
misfires
Isolated
misfires
Uninitiated
tube
Undetonated
charge
Open
charge
Stemming
Easy Difficult
Can be
saved for
next round
Must
be fired
Note: The relevant safety regulations
in each country must be observed.
Report
New starter
Check
B1
54
The NONEL system is not intended for use in gaseous environ-
ments such as underground coal mines or other locations in which
explosive gases can occur. Nor is it intended for use where dust
explosions can occur.
The NONEL system is approved for use with the products de-
scribed in this booklet only. Since the use of NONEL products
together with other shock tube initiation systems has not been
tested and approved, it cannot be recommended and does not come
with any guarantees in respect of function.
Recommended temperature
range in which NONEL can be used
- Surface: -35 C to +50 C
- Inside drill hole: -25 C to +70 C
Recommended storage
temperature: below +50 C
Maximum hydrostatic
pressure (water): 3 bar for 7 days
Tensile strength (tube): 25 kg at +20 C for 2 minutes, which results in
elongation to approx. 2.5 times original length
15 kg at +70 C for 2 minutes, which results in
elongation to approx. 3 times original length
Elongation: After elongation to 3 times original length,
detonation velocity remains within
specification, i.e. 2100 m/s 20%.
Tensile strength -
joint between
detonator and tube: 4 kg for 2 minutes (up to +50 C)
NONEL detonators are vacuum-packed in aluminium-foil bags. They may be
stored for 2 years from the date of manufacture in an unbroken bag. Products
in broken bags should be used within 3 months.
NONEL products should be stored in a well ventilated explosive magazine.
Fact sheet for
NONEL system
55
Assurance of product compliance with EC Directive 93/15/EEC
(Explosives for civil use)
Manufacturer: Dyno Nobel Europe, Gyttorp, S-713 82 Nora, Sweden
Tel: +46 587 85000 Fax: +46 587 25660
Dyno Nobel Europe is a division of DYNO, Dyno Nobel.
Manufacturers representative within EU/EES
(with regard to verification of conformity with essential safety demands):
Nitro Nobel AB, Gyttorp, S-713 82, Nora, Sweden
Tel: +46 587 85000 Fax: +46 587 25660
Product: Non-electric blast initiation system including non-electric detonators.
Trademark: NONEL
detonators
EC Directive applicable to the product:
Explosives for civil use (93/15/EEC).
Standards or technical norms that apply:
Swedish Standard SS 499 07 07, edition 1, 1990: Initiation systems with non-electric signal
conductors of low energy type - General requirements and testing.
SP Method 1939:28, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type of electric
detonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energy type - Marking.
SP Method 1939:29, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type of
electric detonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energy
type - Manufacturers product specification design basis information.
SP Method 1939:30, edition 1, 1995: Type testing and testing of conformity to type of
electric detonators and initiation systems with non-electric signal conductors of low energy
type - Manufacturers instructions for use.
EC type-examination certificate (ref. 158401)
issued by Notified Body (ID No. 0402) for explosives for civil use:
SP - Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Box 857, S-501 15 Bors, Sweden.
Tel: +46 33 165000; Fax: +46 33 135502.
NONEL
detonators comply in full with the product for which the EC type-examination
certificate has been issued.
The manufacturers representative within EU/EES assures at its own risk that the product to which this assurance
refers complies with the essential safety demands in EC Directive 93/15/EEC.
However, since the product is not intended for use in dangerous environments (e.g. those in which explosive mine gases
occur), it does not meet the essential safety demands specified in clause II.1.h, enclosure I, of EC Directive 93/15/EEC.
Nitro Nobel AB
(Legal entity)
Date Signature Position
Jan Carreman Managing Director

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