WORK(W)

The work done by a constant

force acting in the same
direction as the displacement.
W = Fs (N-m or Joules)
The work done by a constant
force acting at an angle to the
displacement.
W = Fscos
WORK(W)
WORK(W)
WORK(W)
Example 1.
WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)
Consider
Newtons 2
nd
Law of Motion
x
a m F =

Kinematics
s
v v
a
s a v v
x
x
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2

=
+ =
s
v v
m F
2
2
1
2
2

=
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
mv mv Fs
v v
m Fs
=

=
WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)
WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)
Consider

2
2
1
mv
Kinetic Energy(K) - energy due to motion.
So, WORK-ENERGY
THEOREM
1 2
K K W =
K W A =
If v
1
= 0
Then K
1
= 0, so
2
2 2
2
1
mv K W = =
Kinetic energy is also the amount
of work needed to bring a body
at rest to motion with speed v .
or
WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)
Example 2.
A baseball leaves a pitchers hand at a speed of 32 m/s. The
mass of the baseball is 0.145kg. You can ignore air
resistance. How much work has the pitcher done on the ball
by throwing it?
Example 3.
Consider Example 1, the given and computed quantities.
Suppose the initial speed v
1
is 2 m/s, what is the speed of the
sled after it moves 20 m?
WORK(W) & KINETIC ENERGY(K)
Example 4.
WORK(W) DONE BY A VARYING FORCE(F)
} }
= - = | cos Fds s d F W

Example 5.
WORK(W) DONE BY A VARYING FORCE(F)
POWER(P)
Watts or
sec
J oules
t
W
P =
- The rate of doing work.
v F
t
s F
P

- =
-
=
v F P
H
=
Instantaneous Power
Average Power
ave
v F P
H
=
POWER(P)
Example 6.
When its 75-kW (100-hp) engine is generating full power a
small single-engine airplane with mass 700 kg gains altitude
at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What fraction of the engie power is being
used to make the airplane climb? (The remainder is used to
overcome the effects of air resistance and of ineffeciencies in
the propeller and engine.)
WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY(U
g
)
s w W W
w grav
= =
( )
1 2 2 1 g g g g grav
U U U U W = =
Since weight w & displacement s
have the same direction, work done
by the weight is positive. So it has to
be:
mgy Gravitational Potential
Energy (U
g
)
So,
( )
2 1 2 1
mgy mgy y y w W
grav
= =
or
g grav
U W A =
Consider a body moving
downward
WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY(U
g
)
s w W W
w grav
= =
( )
1 2 2 1 g g g g grav
U U U U W = =
Since weight w & displacement s
have the opposite direction, work
done by the weight is negative. So,
still, it has to be:
mgy Gravitational Potential
Energy (U
g
)
So,
( )
2 1 2 1
mgy mgy y y w W
grav
= =
or
g grav
U W A =
Consider a body moving
upward
WORK(W) & GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY(U
g
)
Consider a body moving in a
curved path
( )
1 2 g g grav
U U W =
Still,
( )
1 2
y y w W
grav
=
or
g grav
U W A =
From,
s F W

- =
0 1 = - + = - i j & j j

( ) i x j y j w W
grav

A A + - =
Since,
y w j y j w W
grav
A A = - =

( )
1 2
mgy mgy W
grav
=
WORK(W) & ELASTIC POTENTIAL
ENERGY(U
el
)
Recall:
F
applied
= kx
} }
= - = Fdx s d F W

}
=
2
1
x
x
dx x k W
2
1
2
2
x
x
x
k W
(

=
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
kx kx W =
Work done on the spring by
F
applied
is:
WORK(W) & ELASTIC POTENTIAL
ENERGY(U
el
)
Recall N3LM :
F
applied
= kx
F
spring

kx F F
applied spring
= =

N3LM:
F
spring

F
spring

So, Work done by the spring:
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
kx kx W
spring
=

2
2
1
kx
Elastic Potential
Energy (U
el
)
2 1
el el spring
U U W =
( )
1 2
el el spring
U U W =
el spring
U W A = or,
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
1 2
K K K W
total
= = A
Recall WORK-ENERGY THEOREM:
1 2
K K W W W
other el grav
= + +
1 2
K K W U U
other el grav
= + A A
or
1 2
K K W U
other
= + A
( )
1 2 1 2
K K W U U
other
= +
2 2 1 1
K U W K U
other
+ = + +
If W
other
= 0, the Total Mechanical Energy(U +K) of a body at
any point is constant!
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Example 7.
A 2.00 kg block is pushed against a spring with negligible
mass and force constant k = 400 N/m, compressing it
0.220m. When the block is released, it moves along a
frictionless, horizontal surface and then up a frictionless
incline with slope 37
o
. a) What is the speed of the block as it
slides along the horizontal surface after having left the
spring? b) How far does the block travel up the incline before
starting to slide back down?
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Example 8.
3.00 m
B
A
C
In a truck-loading station at a post office, a small 0.200-kg
package is released from rest at point A on a track that is one-
quarter of a circle with radius 1.60 m, as shown below. The
size of the package is much less than 1.60 m, so the package
can be treated as a particle. It slides down the track and
reaches point B with a speed of 4.80 m/s. From point B, it
slides on a level surface a distance of 3.00 m to point C,
where it comes to rest. a) What is the coefficient of kinetic
friction on the horizontal surface? b) How much work is
done on the package by friction as it slides down the circular
arc from A to B?