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Rules For Making Bode Plots: Term Magnitude Phase
Rules For Making Bode Plots: Term Magnitude Phase
Notes:
* Rules for drawing zeros create the mirror image (around 0 dB, or 0°) of those for a pole with the same ω 0.
1
† For underdamped poles and zeros peak exists only for 0 < ζ < 0.707 = and peak freq. is typically very near ω 0.
2
© Copyright 2005-2009 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College
‡ For underdamped poles and zeros If ζ <0.02 draw phase vertically from 0 to -180 degrees at ω 0
For nth order pole or zero make asymptotes, peaks and slopes n times higher than shown (i.e., second order asymptote
is -40 dB/dec, and phase goes from 0 to –180o). Don’t change frequencies, only the plot values and slopes.
© Copyright 2005-2009 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College
Quick Reference for Making Bode Plots
If starting with a transfer function of the form (some of the coefficients bi, ai may be zero).
s n + L + b1s + b0
H(s) = C m
s + L + a1s + a 0
Factor polynomial into real factors and complex conjugate pairs (p can be positive, negative, or zero; p is zero if a0 and b0 are both non-
zero).
H(s) = C ⋅ s p
( s + ωz1 ) ( s + ωz 2 ) L (s 2
+ 2ζ z1ω0z1s + ω0z1
2
) ( s2 + 2ζ z 2ω0z 2s + ω0z2 2 ) L
(s+ω )(s+ω
p1 p2 )L ( s
2
+ 2ζ p1ω0p1s + ω0p1
2
) ( s 2 + 2ζ p2ω0p2s + ω0p2
2
)L
Put polynomial into standard form for Bode Plots.
s s s 2 s s
2
s
+ 1 + 1L + 2ζ z1
+ 1 + 2ζ z 2 + 1L
ωz1 ωz2 ω ω ω ω
ω ω L ω0z1ω0z 2 L p 0z1 0z1 0z 2 0z 2
2 2
H(s) = C z1 z 2 ⋅ s
ωp1ωp2 L ω0p1 2
ω0p2
2
L s s s
2
s s
2
s
+ 1 + 1L + 2ζ p1 + 1 + 2ζ p2 + 1L
ω ω ω ω ω ω
p1 p2 0p1 0p1 0p2 0p2
s s s s s
2 2
s
+ 1 + L + 2ζ z1 + 1 + 2ζ z 2 + 1L
ωz1 ωz 2 ω0z1 ω0z1 ω0z 2 ω0z2
= K ⋅ sp
s s s s
2 2
s s
+ 1 + 1 L + 2ζ p1 + 1 + 2ζ + 1L
ω ω ω ω ω p2
ω
p1 p2 0p1 0p1 0p2 0p2
Take the terms (constant, real poles and zeros, origin poles and zeros, complex poles and zeros) one by one and plot magnitude and
phase according to rules on previous page. Add up resulting plots.
© Copyright 2005-2009 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College
Matlab Tools for Bode Plots
>> n=[1 11 10]; %A numerator polynomial (arbitrary)
>> d=[1 10 10000 0]; %Denominator polynomial (arbitrary)
>> sys=tf(n,d)
Transfer function:
s^2 + 11 s + 10
----------------------
s^3 + 10 s^2 + 10000 s
>> abs(fr)
ans = 0.0014
>> %You can even find impulse and step response from transfer function.
>> step(sys)
>> impulse(sys)
© Copyright 2005-2009 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College
>> [n,d]=tfdata(sys,'v') %Get numerator and denominator.
n =
0 1 11 10
d =
1 10 10000 0
>> %BodePlotGui - Matlab program shows individual terms of Bode Plot. Code at:
>> % http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/Ref/LPSA/Bode/BodePlotGui.html
>>
>> BodePlotGui(sys)
© Copyright 2005-2009 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College