Chapter 4 Interdependence among Living Organisms and the Environment

Paper 1
Each question is followed by four options. Choose the best answer for each question.
1 Which of the following characteristics is most important when an animal is choosing
its habitat?
A The availability of space
B The pH value
C The availability of water
D The presence of sunshine
2 What does a group of organisms of the same type living together in a specific area
form?
A A community
B A species
C A population
D An ecosystem

3
Paddy plants Grass
Birds Grasshoppers
Larvae nails
mall fish
Where would you find the organisms given above?
I !n a vegetable garden
II !n a rainforest
III By the side of a hill
IV !n a paddy field
A ! only
B !" only
C !# !! and !" only
D !# !!! and !" only
4 What ma$es up an ecosystem?
I Animals
II Plants
III Air
IV Water
A ! and !!! only
B !! and !" only
C !# !! and !" only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
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5 Which of the following shows living things are dependent on non+living things?
A Plants carrying out photosynthesis
B Plants competing for space
C Animals eating plants
D Animals eating other animals
What do you study in the field of ecology?
A The factors that ma$e up the environment
B The interactions between living things and the environment
C The basic needs of living things
D Pollution# its causes and prevention
!

Which type of interaction is similar to the one shown in the figure above?
A Algae and fungi
B ,emora fish and shar$s
C Parasites in human intestines
D Bacteria in termite intestines
" Which of the following are e-amples of biological control?
I .sing owls to control the rat population
II .sing beetles to control the aphid population
III .sing fish to control the mos/uito larva population in a la$e
IV .sing human divers to remove the crown of thorns starfish from corals
A ! and !!! only
B !! and !" only
C !# !! and !!! only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
# Which of the following is the most important aspect of biological control?
A !t re/uires careful research before implementation
B !t totally eliminates the pest population
C !t does not destroy the habitat of the pest
D !t controls the pest population
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1$

What type of interaction is shown in the figure above and what are the organisms
involved?
A 0ommensalism 1 orchid and tree
B &utualism 1 bacteria and soybean plant
C ymbiosis + &orning glory and tree
D Parasitism 1 Rafflesia and tree
11 Which of the following will help you understand the interactions of organisms in an
ecosystem?
I A food pyramid
II A pyramid of numbers
III A food chain
IV A food web
A ! and !!! only
B !! and !" only
C !!# !!! and !" only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
12 Which of the following is a correct food chain?
I 0abbage worms chic$en humans
II Paddy chic$ens grasshoppers
III Grass goats tigers
IV 0arrots rabbits sna$es eagles
A ! and !!! only
B !! and !" only
C !# !!! and !" only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
13
Grass grasshopper frog cobra

Which of the following is correct about the food chain above?
I Producer + grass
II Primary consumer + frog
III econdary consumer + grasshopper
IV Tertiary consumer + cobra
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A ! and !!! only
B ! and !" only
C !# !!! and !" only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
14

The figure above shows a pyramid of numbers2 Which of A# B# C and D# represents
secondary consumers?
15 Which of the following food chains has the least efficiency in the transfer of energy?
A Water weeds larvae small fish big fish humans
B pinach humans
C Grass goats humans
D Paddy grasshoppers birds humans
1
P 3 The leaf is boiled in alcohol
Q 3 Two drops of iodine are added to the leaf
R 3 The leaf is placed in boiling water for several
minutes
S 3 The leaf is placed on a white tile
The steps above were carried out to test for the presence of starch in a leaf2 Which of
the following se/uences is correct?
A S# Q# R# P
B P# S# Q# R
C Q# R# P# S
D R# P# S# Q
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A
D
B
C
1! chlorophyll
0arbon dio-ide 4 water glucose 4 o-ygen
P
The e/uation above represents a process that ta$es place in plants2 What is P?
A 0hemical energy
B unlight
C tored energy
D Green plant
1" Which comparison between respiration and photosynthesis is correct?
Respiration Photosynthesis
I Happens in all cells Happens only in plant cells
II Happens day and night Happens only during the day
III .ses o-ygen ,eleases o-ygen
IV *orms food Brea$s down food
A ! and !!! only
B ! and !" only
C !# !! and !!! only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
1#

The apparatus as shown in the figure above was set up and left in the un for several
hours2 The gas released
A turns limewater cloudy
B does not affect a glowing wooden splint
C dissolves in sodium hydro-ide
D dissolves in al$aline pyrogallol solution
2$ A group of ecologists studied a rainforest and declared it a balanced ecosystem2
Which of the following shows the correct inference about the ecosystem?
A 5o new species was discovered
B 5o species became e-tinct
C The number of living organisms remains almost the same
D All the organisms interacted in a large food web
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21 Why are marine par$s important?
A *ishing is banned and biodiversity is protected
B ,esearch sites# hatcheries and marine nurseries are established
C hips are not allowed to sail in marine par$s
D 6cotourism is promoted
22
What do the above activities have in common?
A They help conserve biodiversity
B They lead to species e-tinction
C They lead to reforestation
D They are ways of e-tracting natural resources
23 What do we do when we conserve an ecosystem?
I We maintain the biodiversity level
II We preserve soil fertility
III We ensure that high /uality products are made from natural resources
IV We ensure that good /uality medicines are e-tracted from the organisms
A ! and !! only
B ! and !" only
C !# !! and !!! only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
24 Which of the following animals are protected by the Wildlife Protection Act?
I 7striches
II Leatherbac$ turtles
III 6lephants
IV Tigers
A ! and !! only
B ! and !" only
C !!# !!! and !" only
D !# !!# !!! and !"
25 Why must the rainforests be preserved and conserved?
A They are beautiful
B They have few rare plant and animal species
C !t is the law of the country
D They are valuable economic resources

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0onstructing hydroelectric dams
8eforestation
&ining
Paper 2
Answer all the questions.
Section A
6agle
1
,at
na$e

7wl

Paddy
*rog

Grasshopper

The figure above shows how living things interact in a paddy field ecosystem2
9a: How many food chains are there in the food web shown in the figure above?
a
9b: Write out all the food chains2
9c: How are the food chains similar? Give t%o similarities2
9d: Predict what will happen if all the frogs move out of the ecosystem2 Give t%o
reasons for your answers2
2
9a: 5ame the habitat in the figure above2
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9b: 8efine the following terms2
9i: pecies
9ii: Population
9iii: 0ommunity
9iv: 6cosystem
9c: Loo$ at the organisms in the figure above2 tate one e-ample of
interdependence between
9i: animals and plants
9ii: two types of animals
9iii: living things and non+living things
Section B
3 An e-periment was carried out to determine if carbon dio-ide was needed for
photosynthesis2
9a: 8raw and label the set of apparatus used in the e-periment2
9b: 5ame the variable that
9i: is $ept constant
9ii: is manipulated
9iii& responds
9c: 5ame t%o reagents that are used when carrying out the test for starch?
9d: 9i: What must be done before placing the plant in the apparatus as shown in
9a:?
9ii: Why?
9e: When testing for starch#
9i: why is the leaf boiled in water?
9ii: why is the leaf heated in alcohol?
9f: Give t%o reasons why photosynthesis is important to an ecosystem2
4 Two types of organisms M and N were placed in a fenced up grassland2 The numbers
of M and N organisms were observed over ;< days2 The findings were recorded in a
table as shown below2
Day 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Organism M '( ;) ;= ) > ' ? @ ;?
Organism N '( '( '( '? '? =@ =; ') =(
9a: What type of interaction is shown by organisms M and N?
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9b: 8escribe the effects of the interaction in 9a: on
9i: organism M
9ii: organism N
9c: $etch a graph to show how the population of organisms M and N change over
time2



9d: What are the eating habits of the following?
9i: 7rganism M
9ii: 7rganism N
9e: tate t%o variables which are $ept constant in this e-periment2
9f: uggest how the interaction between organism M and organism N may be used
beneficially2
9g: tate t%o advantages of your answer in 9f:2
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Time
5
u
m
b
e
r
7rganism M
7rganism N