ALTERNATIVE

FUELS:ETHANOL
BY
RAHUL.N.RAO &
RATAN.L.M
Study Outline
Alternative fuels
Why Ethanol ?
Ethanol and its Sources
Properties of Ethanol
Manufacturing of Ethanol
Advantages of Ethanol


What is Alternative fuel
Alternative fuels known as non-conventional
or advanced fuels, are
any material or substances that can be used
as fuels, other than conventional fuels.
Conventional fuels include: fossil fuels
(petroleum, coal, propane and natural gas), as
well as nuclear materials such
as uranium and thorium.
WHY ETHANOL ?
Ethanol is also the only liquid
fuel alternative currently
available. Other technologies
are under consideration, but
none with the exception of
natural gas is feasible at this
time. Fuel cells are still under
development and are not
economically viable. Electric
cars have range drawbacks.
Ethanol
Ethanol is an alcohol-based alternative fuel
produced by fermenting and distilling starch crops
that have been converted into simple sugars.

Sources of Ethanol : Corn, Sugarcane and Grass.
Clear, colorless liquid
Alcohol-based fuel
produced from starch crops
or cellulosic biomass
Corn is primary feedstock
High-octane fuel
As an alternative fuel, most
commonly used as E85
(85% ethanol, 15%
gasoline)
Ethanol Properties
CH
3
CH
2
OH
PRODUCTION of ETHANOL from
CORN
Video of Ethanol Production
from Corn
PRODUCTION of ETHANOL
from SUGAR CANE
Video of Ethanol Production
from Sugarcane
11
States With 10 or More Years
of Fuel Ethanol Use
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States With 10 or More Years of
Use of Ethanol Blends
CHEMISTRY of Ethanol

Positive health and political
impacts
Health impacts
Replaces bad gasoline additives (MTBE and
lead), which are sources of surface and ground
water contamination, and dangerous to human
health.

Political impacts to consumer-voters
- It potentially replaces crude oil, which is a finite,
non-renewable resource,
- It can be domestically produced, thus reducing
dependence on oil imports,
- It can potentially cut oil import costs.

Positive socio-economic
impacts
Ethanol uses agri-products as a feed-stock.
It is a renewable source of energy, which can
replace fossil fuel in the future.
It increases value added and price of agri-
products, which increases net farm income.
It creates more jobs in the rural sector.
Strengthens rural economies.
It can potentially reduce government subsidies
to the farm sector.

Positive technical dimensions
High octane content gives value to
consumers using high performance engines.

When used as a gasoline additive, ethanol is
- not as poisonous as MTBE and lead,
- a soluble deposit-controler,
- an anti-icer, preventing fuel-line freeze up in
the winter, and requiring less time to start
the vehicle,
- richer in octane, an anti-oxidant to reduce
gum formation in stored petrol.
Ethanol Car Makers
1. Audi
2. Citron
Dacia
3. Ford,GM
4. Ford Europe
5. Ford Brazil
6. Fiat
7. Honda
8. Hyundai
9. Kia Motors
10.Mercedes
Benz
11. Mitsubishi
12. Nissan
13. Peugeot
14. Renault
15. Saab
16. koda Auto
17. Toyota
18. Volvo
19. Volkswagen
20. Chrysler
Conclusion
The renewed faith in ethanol as in effective
gasoline blended fuel is certainly a welcome
step.
With the recent commissioning of the pilot
plant facilities at a few locations, more and
more such initiatives should be forthcoming.
The initial run with gasohol could be
extended on a large scale, but only with the
requisite infrastructure availability in place.
As much as the wheels of energy turns, more
and more the country will prosper especially
the case of I ndia.



Any Questions.?
Thank You