icoAv : \nbafpw aqeyfpw

CkvvamCu dPm ^mdqJn

{kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw km]cambn c p hyXykvX AkvXnXzfmWv. c n\panSbn km[yam
Ip GI_w {kjvSmhns krjvSn ]qoIcnpI FXmIpp. krjvSnbpsS ]caamb eyhpw
AXpXsbs{X. ssZhntIbpsS ]qoIcWw {]IrXym Xs krjvSnbn Axhpw A\nhmcyhp am
Ipp. "{]IrXn \nba' Fv imkv{XRvP hnfnpXv krjvSnbn Axambnp Cu
Cuiztcm\pkcWsbmWv.
kmaqlnI {IaamWv ssZhnI \nbafpsS asmcp aew. shfn]mSp aptJ\ Bm]nsnp
kmaqlnI kZmNmc \nba\pkrXambn a\pjy Xn klhnpI FXmWXv. kzw CjvS
{]Imcw Xs AX\pkcnWw. Atmtg A\pkcWw aqeyhmIpIbpq. a\pjy\Xp ewLnmw. Xs
{kjvSmhmb ssZhs ap\nn kzta[bm kmmXvIcnpIbpamhmw. Cusbmcp A\pkcWamWv a\p
jy\v CXc krjvSnIsf At]nv alna\IpXv. Cu KpWsbmWv apkvenwI [manIw Fp hnfn
pXv. A[manIw CXns hn]coXamWv. CmcWmes{X JpB ]dXv: "BImi `qanIfp sSbpw
]hXfpsSbpw ta Cu DchmZnw \mw {]Zinnp. Fm `bw \nanw AtXsSpm Ah
hnkXnp. a\pjy AtXsSpp'(33:72). CmcWm Xs JpB Cs\bpw Iqntp:
"ssZhw BZans\ khhkvXpfpsSbpw \ma ]Tnnp' (2:31). aepItfmSv BZans\ \anm Bh
iysSpIbpw sNbvXp.(2:34). [a \nbam\pkcWw {]hnm IgnhpXn\m a\pjy amemJamtc
m DX ]Zhnbph\mIpp.
a\pjytXv {]m]nI [aamWv. eImefn ssZhnI CbpsS DX cq]s kmmXvIcn
. AXmWp [manIX. a\pjy\p am{Xw sNm IgnbpXmWXv.
krjvSnns Dtiy ]qoIcWn\v Av D]m[nI kmmXvIcnt Xp v.
Hv: ssZhnImbpsS DSw kpmXamhpI. Npcpnb ]w Adnbm IgnbmhpXmhp I.
c v: eIme ]cn[nIp \npsIm v ssZhnImI {]mhnIamm a\pjy Ignhp
h\mbncnpI.
aqv: krjvSnIfpsS {]IrXn {]h\w hgn a\pjy\p amm km[npXmhpI.
\mev: hn[n \nWbw D mbncnpI. {]h\ hnebncpsSpIbpw A\c ^e D m
hpIbpw sNpI.
Av: a\pjy \ndthp _m[yXI Ah GXfhn ]qoIcnsSpp Fv tIhe \oXn
bpsS tXmXp]tbmKnv XnsSpsSpI.
a\pjy\p \Inbnp kwthZt\{nb, hnthN\m[nImcw, BibmhnjvImctijn, bpnt_m
[w, Znhyt_m[\w Fnh ta]dhbn Hmas D]m[nbpsS ]qoIcWs klmbnpp.
\bmbmepw Xnbmbmepw a\pjy sNp {]hrnIsmw DchmZn a\pjy
XsbmsW Ckvemans A[ym]\w c mw D]m[nsb km[qIcnpp. \nch[n km[yXIfn HmWv
a\pjy sXcsSppXv. Hmtcm {]hrnbpsSbpw Imhv Xs DchmZns Ipdnp t_m[hm
\mWv.
kqcyN{mZnI DsS {]IrXn apgph a\pjy\p th n krjvSnsXmsWp Ckvemw ]Tnn
pp. (JpB 22:65; 31:20). CXv aqmas D]m[nsb XpWbvpp. ImcyImcW _ns BhiyI
Xsb Ipdnp imkv{Xhpw Xzimkv{Xhpw ]dbpp v. a\pjy\v Hcp _mlyImcambn {]IrXnbn CSs]p
{]hnm Ignbpw. {]IrXnsb a\pjy\p hnt[bamn FXns kmcanXmWv.
Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Xs {]h\^ew e`npsa,v \memas D]m[nsb XpWpsIm v Ckvemw
]Tnnp. AXv eIme]cn[nItm ]pdtm Bhmw. P\\ tijamWv a\pjy Xs {]hrnv
DchmZnbmIpXv. BZn]m] k]s Ckvemw Xnf bpp. kzw {]hrnbpsS ASnm\ n
emWv hynbpsS aqeyw hnebncpsSpXv. HcmfpsS Ia^ew asmcmv ssIamdm\mhn.
AmlphmWv hn[n \nWbnpXv. tIhe \oXnbpsS tXmX\pkcnmWXv. BtcmSpw ]]mX an.
kZv{]hrnIfpsS L\w am{XamWv am\Zw. Ckvemans Cu hoWw AbYm Nnb. Ipeo\
a\kvI am{Xw {ianp t\SpXpw Amh AhKWnp Xpamb kwKXnbpa AXv. sNmapX NpS e
hsc \ofp a\pjy PohnXns apgph hisfbpw kv]inp \nbahyhbmb "ico
An'tev AXns\ ]cn`mjsSpnbncnpp.
Ckvemans aqey \nba{]{Inbbmbn cq]mcsSpm\mhm kZmNmc XzfpsS kwLm
Xa. kpm]nX \nbans apgph inbp Da aqey F \nebvv icoAn\p \nXyPo
hnX bmYmyambn amdm km[np. ASnbpKns Bbncw hjw appXs kmc\pw \nc c\pw
Hcpt]mse AXdnhmbn. P\ AXp ]TnpIbpw ]npScpIbpw sNbvXp. cmPmamscbpw
sNcppIpnIsfbpw AXv kzm[o\npIbpw AXns hIppI D]tbmKnv Znt\\ A\oXnsb Xncpp
Ibpw AhImiw hos SppIbpw sNbvXp.
kmaqlnIamb \ PohnXns `mKambn . \nbans \nhlWn \nmcw`nm Hpw
B[ymnIXbmbn hn`mh\ sNbvXn. Cu bmYmy t_m[w apkvenw `nsb Dp s]mbmb kZmNmc
hmZfn \np cnp. annpIfpsS `mh\m hnemksXnsc apkvenw [manIXsb AXp kwc
np.
GXm\pw Nne ImcyfnsemgnsI, CkvemanI aqeyfn \nv Dcpncnph \nba fpsS
Acw {]Xn amanmsX \ne\nt XmsWv {]kvXmhnsnn. \nban\m[mcamb aqey
pw XzpamWv amanmXv. ASnm\Xzfpw {]amWfpam \nbans hniZmw
i ]p\xhymJym\n\pw hn]peoIcWn\pw hnt[bamWv. a\pjys amdnsm ncnp PohnX
kmlNcy Ccw Xpdns\ A\nhmcyampp. imizXamb ey \ndthdpXn\p th n
]pXnb kmlNcysf A`napJoIcnm\p kX \nban\p mhWw. icoAv ssZhnIamhp Xv
AXns ssNX\ynemWv; Acfne. \nbans Ac BZcWobamIpXv AXv ssZhn
Ihpw imizXhpamb aqeyfn \nv Dcphw {]m]nh BbXpsIm mWv.
aqeysf \nbahyhkvYIfmbn ]cnhnnpXn\pw a\pjys amdnhcp PohnX kml Ncy
Dsmm icoAns\ {]m]vXampXn\pw JpB\v \nbahpw AXns\ \hoIcnp Xn\p
kwhn[m\hpw {]Zm\w sNbvXnp v.
auenI Xz, \nban\pw AXns kPohamb hfbvpw Bhiyamb aqey, coXn
imkv{Xw Fnh ssZhnIamb B[nImcnIXtbmsS Ckvemw \Inbncnpp. \h kmlNcy sfbpw
{]iv\sfbpw ssIImcyw sNm\pXIpwhn[w \nbahfsb hyhm]nXampI, Ncn{Xamns\mv
\nba\n[mcWns ss\ccys m]\hXvIcnpI Fo eytfmsS apkvenw kaqlw "Dkzq
ep ^nJvlv' F imkv{XimJbvv Paw \In. ammhphsbbpw amm ]mhsbbpw thXncnp
I, ams NnsSppXn\mhiyamb B[mcXz JpB\n \npw kpn \npw Is
pI Ch Dkzqep ^nJvlns [aambncpp.
JpBsbpw kpnsbpw \nba ]cnt{]y (aJmZn) amanmhbn s]Spp.
aqe]mTw Fs\tbm As\Xs \ne\nt hbmWh. JpBsbpw kpnsbpw aqe]mTw
ssZhnIhpw AXn\m Xs amhnt[bamXpamsWv apkvenwIv Xobp v. AXns hn\nab
n Fsnepw IepI D mhpXv AwKoIcnm\mhn. IqSpX hyXpth nbp AYw
hniZoIcWamsX asmpw ChbpsS Imcyn kzoImcya. Fmepw apkvenwI GIIWvTambn
AwKoIcnpXmWnXv. JpBsbpw kpnsbpw \nbakw_amb DSw Imem\pkrX ambn
hnIknnmhpXmsW Imcyn apkvenwI tbmPnpp. amn\mkv]Zamb \n[mcW Xz
fnepw coXnimkv{XnepamWv `nm`n{]mb DSseSpXv. aqet{kmXn \nv ]pXnb \nba hnI
knnpXn\p km[phmb am\Z hyhsSppXn\p th nbmWv Dkzqep ^nJvlv
D mbXv.
"CPvamC's\bpw "Jnbmkn's\bpw kw_nv apkvenwInSbn A`n{]mb `nXbn. Fm aZvl
_pIfpw \nba\namWns ASnm\{]amWfmbn Chsb AwKoIcnpp. HcwKoIrX \nbas
kam\amb tlXp Aeo\amb ]pXnsbmcp kwKXnv _m[IampXmWv Jnbmkv. Cu {][m\ am\
ZtmSv Xmsg ]dbph IqSn Dkzqep ^nJvlv Iqntp.
1. {]tbmP\{]Zfmb {]h\sfmw \nbahnt[bamWv. D]{ZhIcamb {]h\sfmw
\nbahncpfpamWv.
2. Hcp \nbaw AXv {]tbmP\Icasp sXfnbp kml Ncyw Cm Imetmfw ncambn
{]m_eyapXmbncnpw.
3. icoAn hyamb hn[nbnm Imcyfn s]mXp \bmWv ]cnKWnt Xv.
4. Hcp Imcyns \nbakm[pX Xocpam\npXv AXns BXynI ^ew Fsp t\mnbmWv.
5. Hcp {]tXyI \nban \nv kmam\yhXvIcWw hgn Hcp s]mXp \nbaw cq]oIcnmw. kmam\yh
XvIcWs tNmZyw sNp A]hmZ {]kvXpX \nban\nm ]w.
6. icoAns Dtiyw \mbn \ndthm ]cym]vXamsWn {]_eamb Jnbmknt\m Zp_
eamb Jnbmkn\p apKW\ \Imw.
7. \mmNmcfpw AwKoIrX k{Zmbfpw \nba\namWn\v t{kmXmbn kzoIcnmw.
{]kamb hkvXpXIfn \nv \nba\n[mcWw sNpXn\v \nba{]m_eyap Hcp coXn
imkv{Xw C{]Imcw Dkzqep^nJvlv m]nnp v. kaqlns s]mXp kpcbvmhiyamb {]mtbm
KnI amK DcpncnsSppXn\v CXpklmbI amWv.
Ncn{Xn ASnpIqSn \nPohambntmb Hcp \nbakwlnXsb Ipdn \mw ]dp hcp Xv
Fv CXn \np hyamWv. GXhbnepw amdnadnp t]mIp Hcb hyhsb Ipdnp a \mw
]dbpXv. kpnc Xzfnepw aqeyfnepw ]Sppbs \nbafmWv CkvemantXv. a\pjys
kmlNcy\pkcnv AXns {]tbmKw hnIknXambnp v. ASnm\ XzfpsSbpw aqey fp
sSbpw kpncX AtXmsSmw AXpdphcppIbpw sNpp.
icoAns aqey:
1) icoApw \oXnbpw
icoAv apgph a\pjykaqln\pw AhImis kzmsWv apkvenwI hnizknp p.
icoA\pkcnv Bcpambp X Xom Fmhpw AhImiap v. BtWm, s]tm, [\n
It\m, Zcn{Zt\m, cmPmthm, {]Ptbm, Idpht\m, shfpht\m, apkventam, Aapkventam, nchm kntbm,
\mtSmSntbm, ]uct\m, adp\mpImct\m Bcpamhs, Xm B{Klnp ]w icoA\pkcnp hn[ntX
SpXn \nv Bpw XSbm\mhn. icoA\pkcnv hn[n \SmsSpXn \nv apkvenan\v
Hgnp amdm\pamhn. kaqln\v tZmjw hcppItbm GsXnepw hynsb apdnth]np Itbm
kzv IhcpItbm sNbvsXnemsX HcpAapkvenw icoA \pkcnv hnNmcWsNsSpIbn. As
n Ah X\nv icoA\pkcnv hn[nthWw FmhiysSWw. AapkvenwIsf AhcwKoI cnp
\nbak{Zmba\pkcnt hnNmcW sNmhq Fv icoAv A\pimknpp v. blqZt\m lnpthm
{InkvXym\ntbm _pt\m atsXnepw aXtcm Bcmbmepw CXp _m[IamWv. Aapkvenw \nba v
AXwKoIcnphcpsS aen kzn\v Xpeyamb m\w I]npIbmWv CXphgn icoA v.
Ncn{Xn AdnbsSp \nbahyhIfn shsmw \nkvXpeamWv Cmcyn ico A v.
AXp am{Xta asmcp \nbahyh AwKoIcnphv Xpy{]mamWyapXmbn AwKoIcnpIbpw `c
WLS\m]cambns As\ sNppapp. icoAn am{XamWv apkvenw kaqls bYmYamb
coXnbn _lpkzcampXv. asmcp \nbahyhbpw tZiob `cWLS\bpw AXm thsdmcp \nb
as Xpy{]m[m\yapXmbn hyh sNpn. tZiobcmjv{Sob ]cam[nImcns AxkXs
kzw \nbaap mbncnpI FXmWv. adnv icoAv AXns `q]cn[nIv thsdmcp \nbaw D m p
Xns\ `ojWnbmbn ImWpn. ap \nba kzoIcnm\pw ]npScm\pap ]qW kzm{yw AXp dp
\IpIbpw sNpp.
AtXkabw apkvenwI icoAns kXyXbnepw B[nIm cnIXbnepw Ddp hnizknp h cpam
Wv. Ckvemantepw icoAntepw BfpI amdWsav Ah A`nejnpp. AXntev P\sf
Ah WnpIbpw sNpp. m\imkv{X]chpw Zmi\nIhpw kZmNmcXz]chpamWv AhcpsS
hyXncnX. AmsX sshbnItam cmjv{Snstbm {]hrnb. {]hrnsb Ipdnp ]dbpIbm sW
n klnjvWpXbpw _lpkzcXbpamWv \nbaw.
\oXn Ckveman\v Gsd {][m\amWv. \oXn Fmhpw e`yamhp hn[n AXv F{Xbpw thK
nepw kzX{ambpw \SmWsav icoAv A\pimknpp. Ckvemans kw`mh\Ifn Hcp ]t
Ghpw almbXv, Ign ]Xn\mep \qm pImeambn icoAv DbnnSnp \oXn Bbncnpw.
`qanbn \oXn m]npI FXmWv Hmtcm a\pjysbpw Ihyw Fpw Ckvemw ]Tnnp p.
\oXnp th n Fgptp \nm A acnm Xs aX]cambn _m[yXbph\mWv Hmtcm
apkvenapw. \nnX\pw ZpxJnX\pw ]oUnX\pw Zcn{Z\psamw tNmZnm Inpsav Xo hcpwhn[w {]`m h
ebaWnp \npXmWv icoAv hmKvZm\w sNp ]qWhpw tIhehpamb \oXn. AXn\p hne
\tI Xn. \oXn \Sm `cWLS\m ]cambns GXp tImSXnpw AhImiap v. BcpsS hnZ
Kvt[m]tZihpw tXSmhpXmWv. `cWIqStam DtZymKtcm {]Xnm\p hcp tIkpI ssIImcyw
sNpXn\v "alvIamXp afmenw' F {]tXyI tImSXnIfp v CkvemanI \oXn\ymb k{Zmb n.
^okv Npanb \nba\S]Snsb CkvemanI \nbaw \ncpmlsSppn. sXmb AhImihmZ v
`mcn ]ng NpapI am{XamWpsNpXv.
kmnsamgn \I icoA\pkcnv hynbpsS _m[yX bmWv. sXfnhpI sIm v tIkv
m]nsSpXphsc {]Xn Ipmc\mbn IWmsSpIbn. tImSXnp ]pdv {]iv\w cayambn
Xom\p kzmX{yhpw icoAv \Ipp. Xs hyn]camb IrXyp am{XamWv Hcmv
DchmZnw. kwLnstbm Hcp P\hn`mKns {]h\fn hynv _m[yXbn. temIw
apgph FXncp \nmepw \oXnp th n \nesImW sav JpB(2:143) hnizmknItfmSv Bm]np
p. "In\p Iv, Poh\p Poh, sNhnp sNhn, ]n\p ]v, Hmtcm apdnhn\pw Xpeyamb {]Xn{Inb'
(hn.Jp: 5:47, 42:21) F saskms]mtmanb ss]XrIn A[njvTnXamWv CkvemanI \oXn.
(2) icoApw bpnt_m[hpw
ssZhw GIamsW t]mse kXyhpw GIamsWv Ckvemw hmZnpp. bpn, shfn]mSv Fo
Ccm\ amKfn GXp]tbmKnpw a\pjy\v CXpt_m [ysSmhptXbpq. Fm a\pjypw
kXyadnbm AlXbps v Ckvemans aqeyhyh \ntZinpp. CXn \nb{Wtam skk
jntm GsSpm Bpw AhImian. At\zjnm\pw Is m\pw ]Tnm\pw ]Ip sImSp
m\pw Fm hpw
AhImiap v. KthjWhpw ]T\hpw Bpw Hgnpamdm ]m khmXnimbnbmb NpaXe Ifm Wv.
icoAn\p Iogn kaqlw Hcp ]mTimebmWv. Hmtcmcpcpw AXnse hnZymYnIfpw A[ym]I cp am Wv.
Bib]camb ktlw sXmsWv icoAv A\pimknpp. a\pjy hnm\ns ss]XrIs
\innm Bpw A[nImcan. AXns hfbvp kw`mh\ sNpXn hnepan. "AJvev'
(bpn/bpnm\w) icoAns Bdp eyfn aJmkznZpcoAx) HmWv. Poh, kzv, IpSpw
_w, aXw, A`nam\w FnhbmWv aph.
(3) icoApw sFlnIXbpw
Hcp eyw ap\nnbmWv ssZhw PohnXhpw temIhpw krjvSnncnpsXv Ckvemw {]Jym]n
pp. aqeyfpsS kmmmcw kw`hnt Xv AhbnemWv. PohnXw Pohnm\pXv. temIw hnIkn
m\pXpw. hnImc kwXr]vXamsSWw. tijnIfpw ta[bpw D]tbmKnsSWw. ktmjw tXSp
Ibpw t\SpIbpw thWw. Cu {]h\fpsSsbmw ^ew kwkvImcnsbpw \mKcnIX bp sSbpw
hfbpw DbbpamhWw. \nbahpw kZmNmchpw kmmIrXamtI Xv Cu koWXInS bvm
Wv.
P\np FXp Xs temIv Pohnm\p AhImiw Ddmpp. ssZhw A\phZnp nS
tmfw Imew Pohnmw. \ymbamb ImcWfps nemsX Pohnm\p AhImiw dmsSpI bn.
]nXmhns t]cn\pw kwcWn\pw P\\wsIm v AhImiw knnpXmbn icoAv hyh
sNbvXnp v. A\mYcpsSbpw AKXnIfpsSbpw km\fpsS kwcWpaXe kmdn \nn]vXam
Wv. kaqltam kmaqlnI m]\tfm Ahv kuP\y hnZym`ymkhpw kwcWhpw \IWw. CjvS
ap sXmgn sNm\pw icoAv AhImiw \Ipp. hnhmlw sNm\pw IpSpw_w m]nm\pw
A[zm\np t\SpXv BkzZnm\pw AhImiap v.
(4) icoApw kaXzhpw
ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw Xnep _w Fmhpw Hcp t]msebmsWv Ckvemw kaYnpp.
krjvSn FXmWv {]kvXpX _ns ASnm\w. BtcmSpw {]tXyIXbn. Acw AhImihm Z
ssZhnI ssNX\yns khmXnimbnXbvpw ]cakz`m hn\pw FXncmbncnpw.
CXv \nbantev ]cn`mjsSptm icoAns hn[n hnepIv apn Fmhcpw Xpeycm
Ipp. \nbaw A\pkcnm Fm apkvenwIfpw Hcp t]mse _m[ycmWv. hwi, PmXn, enwK, m\ t`Z
CXn ]cnKW\oba. ]mnXytam kmnI tijntbm \nbans apnse XpeyXbvv amw
hcppn. aplZv \_n Xs aItfmSpw Jeo^ Da Xs aIt\mSpw ]dXnXmWv. {]hniym K
hWamtcmSv ]ucam {]Xn{Inb sNbvXncpp. sXp sNbvXhcn Ghpw Xmsg Xnep \ymbm[n
]\pt]mepw in \In.
apkvenwIfpsS Imcyn am{Xa CkvemanI cmjv{Snse apgph ]ucampw icoAns
\nbakaXzn\v AlXbp v. ]ucs aXw AhnsS {]iv \a. CkvemanI cmjv{Sn GXp hynpw
hn`mKn\pw Ah GXp Xcmcmhs, kam[m\]cambn klhnm\pw hym]mcntesSm\pw ]c
kv]cw Xmpw XWepambn \nm\pw kzmX {yap v. CXn\p kam\amb Hv ""cmjv{S \nba fn''
ImWm\mhn. ImcWw icoAv CkvemanI cmjv{Shpambn kulrZ IcmdntesSm\p Ah Imiw
cmjv{Spw P\pw `cWIqSpw am{Xa hynIpw \Ipp v. am\hnIXbpsS ASn
m\n am{XamWnXv. kulrZ DSSnbp ]ctZinv Ftm thWsanepw CkvemanI cmPyv hcn
Ibpw XmaknpIbpw sNmw. hyn apkvenamsWn icoA\pkcnpw Asn hynGXp kaql
mc\mtWm B kaqlns \nbaa\pkcnpambncnpw Xmakmes \nba\S]SnI. ImcW anmsX
Bpw {]thi\w \ntj[npIbn. CkvemanI cmPyv Xmaknp ]ctZinv Khsans\Xnsc
\nba \S]Sn kzoIcnm\pw kzmX{yap v.
A\yaXsftbm BNmcsftbm \nnmt\m Bt]nmt\m icoAv Bpw A\phmZw
\Ipn. Acw {]hrnIv in hn[nnpap v. asmcp tZins\Xnscbp A{Iaw ico A
\pkcnv IpIrXyamWv. A{IansXnsc \nesImm icoAv CkvemanI cmjv{Ssbpw apgp h
apkvenwIsfbpw \n_npp. A\oXnv Ccbmhphv CkvemanI tImSXnsb kao]nmw.
icoAv ssZhnIamIbm `cWIqSfpsS CjvSm\njvS\pkcnv AXn amw hcpm
]n.
(5) icoApw kaqlhpw
a\pjysc krjvSnXv Cuizcs\ tkhnm\msWmWv Ckvemans A[ym]\w. tkh\ ]qW X
bv\pkcnmbncnpw Ana hn[n. CsXmcp [manI _m[yXbmbmWv IWmsnpXv. kzmX {y
amWv CXn\p app]m[n. ASnbnc kmlNcyfne msX hynbpsStbm kwLnstbm kzmX{yw
XSbsScpXv FmWv B [manI Xzns \nba`mjyw. kzmX{yw XSbphsXnsc icoAv
in hn[npp v.
sXmgn, Xmak ew, aXw Ch btYjvSw sXcsSpm Hmtcm ]uc\pw kzmX{yw A\ph Zn
pp icoAv. CXn\p XSw \nphsXnsc icoAv ]uc\p kwcWw \Ipp. XS
t\cnm kuP\yambn tImSXnsb kao]npIbpw sNmw. HcmfpsSbpw {]hrnv icoAv asm
cmsf DchmZnbmpn. Hcm asmcmfpsS {]mb]qnbmhm B{inXt\m _pnncXbnm
ht\m BsWnemsX. Hcmsf Ipn ]mfntbm kwLinp hnt[bt\m BpXv A\o Xnbpw
A[manIhpamWv.
icoAv hynsb ImWpXv IpSpw_mwKtam\mYt\m BbmWv. AXn\m IpSpw_ns Imcy
n Ah\pchmZnap v. ]ckv]cw _m[yXbpw DchmZnhpaphcmWv IpSp_mwK.
IqSmsX hynsb icoAv aXkaqlmwKambpw ImWpp. Hmtcm hynpw _m[Iamhp aX
hn[n Xocpam\nsSpXv Xm GXp aXkaqlnse AwKamWv FXn\\pkcnmWv. cmjv{Sob {]{Inb
bn ]sSpm\p DchmZnhpw hynbn \nv icoAv BhiysSpp. Npcpn IpSpw
_w, kaqlw, cmjv{Sobw Fo kmaqlymkvXnXz\nbans DdhnShpw am\ZhpamWv. Chsbmw ico
An\p hnt[bambncnpw.
(6) icoApw HuZmcyhpw
Zp_escbpw Bhiyn\p XnIbm hscbpw Cmhscbpw klmbnpIbpw AhcpsS PohnX
\nehmcw Dbm klmbnpIbpw sNt Xv am\pjnI amb \abmWv. Fm A[nIkwkvIm c
fpw CXn\pth hyhI NnsSpnbnn. Hcp kwkvmchpw CsXmcp \nba]camb _m[yX bm
ppan. Fm icoAv Akm[ysap tXmp Cu kwKXnsb km[yamnbncnpp. kzpS aI
sfmw Hcp \nnX iXam\w Zm\w sNWsav icoAv A\pimknp. AXn IqSpX F{Xbpw BIm
sapw ]dp. \nnX iXam\w "kImXpw' A[nIw \IpXv "kzZJx'bpamWv. kmZyns 2.5 iX
am\w hjwtXmdpw cmjv{Sw tiJcnv hnXcWw sNpp.
icoAns ka{KX:
a\pjyPohnXns kakvX taJeIfpw Dsmp ka{K \nbaamWv Ckvemw hnIknn Xv.
ssZthbpsS ]qoIcWmYamWv a\pjy krjvSnsncnpXv F CkvemanI ImgvN mSn
\nmWv \nban\v Cu ka{KX ssIhcpXv. Hmtcm {]hrnbpw AXn\m icoAns ]cn[n Iv
hcpp. AXv hmPn_v(\n_w), ap_mlv(A\phZ\obw), aZq_v(A`nImayw), aIvdqlv(A\`nejWobw),
ldmw(\njnw) Fnhbn GsXnepw Hcp KWn s]Spp. s]mXpP\taamWv CkvemanI \nba
fpsS eyw. ZdqcnmXv (kmh{XnIamb AhiykwKXnI), lmPnbmXv(hyn]camb Bhiy),
Xlvko\mXv(A`nImayamb Imcy) Fns\ aqp LSI IqSntXmWnXv.
`mcy, IpnI, _p FnhtcmSv ImcpWyaph\mhWw F kZmNmc Xzw A\pimknp
tm \nbaw `Ww \I, XmakkuIcysamcpnsmSp, XtXn\p Xpeyamb Cu kuI cy
Fmhpw GpdhnmsX sImSp Fns\bp \ntZi \evIpp. icoAv ]eni \ntcm
[nXpw ]eni clnXkmnI hn\nabw Fmhpambn \SmnbXpw CtX Xmev ]cytmsSbmWv.
_nv IcmdneqsS tamN\{Zhyw kzbw \Im\pw. A\v hnZym`ymkw e`nm\pw Zcn{Z\v ks
karnbn ]mfnbmhm\pw icoAv Ahkcw \Ipp.
Xs Abmcs\pdn A]hmZw, AXp kXyamsWn t]mepw, {]NcnnpXv inmlamb
]m]ambn icoAv Fpp. AbhmknbpsS AhImi \ntj[npXpw tcmKambm kinm
XncnpXpw A]cm[amWv. AbhmknbpsS A`mhn AbmfpsS IpSpw_s kwcnm\p
_m[yX apkvenan\p v. acWm\c NSn \n_ambpw ]sSpWw.
NmcWn, Ifhp]db, h\ \S Fnh icoAv hnepp. AdnhnmXp ]db, D
nep kwkmcw, A\yhoSpIfn A\phmZwe`nmsX {]thin, Xm henbh\msWp `mhn
Chsbmw icoA\pkcnp \njnamWv . hrnbn \Sm\pw kZn sNptm \ hkv{Xw [cn
m\pw GXp kmlNcynepw hmp]menm\pw Av \ne\nm\pw amXm]nXmsfbpw apXnh
scbpw _lpam\nm\pw icoAv BhiysSpp.
]{ v hn`mKfpsm _rlmb \nbakwlnXbmWv icoAv.
1) Bcm[\m\pjvTm\ {Ia
2) hyn]camb Imcy
3) IcmdpI
4) \jvS]cnlmcw
5) {Inan\ \nbaw
6) `cWLS\m \nbaw
7) \nIpXn, s]mXp [\Imcyw
8) `cW{Ias kw_n \nba
9) `q\nbaw
10) hym]mchmWnPy \nba
11) Amcmjv{S \nbaw
12) kZmNmchpw sshbnI kz`mhhpw.
\nbaw \mKcnIXbpsS ImSnbmsWv ]etmgpw ]dbmdp v. \nbaw hft\SnbXpw ]Izhpw
kqWhpamsWn AXn \mKcnIX {]Xn^enpw. Cu hoW{]Imcw \nbaw \mKcnIXbpsS D]
amWv. \mKcnIXsb cq]sSpp LSIfpsS {]Xn{]h\ ^eambn D mbnocpXmWv, CX\p
kcnv, \nbaw. Fm icoAv CXn\p hncpamWv. CkvemanI \mKcnIXbpsS {]Xn^e\tam D]
tam A icoAv. adnv icoAns D]tam {]Xn^e\tam BWv CkvemanI \mKcnIX. Ckvem
anI \mKcnIX cq]w sIm Xv temIs apkv enwI icoAv A\p[mh\w sNbvXXpsIm mWv. apkvenw
InSbn \mKcnIXsb cq]sSpp int{kmXmbn icoAv \nesImpp.
"Id Avekv Hm^v Ckveman' \nv
kw{Kl hnh\w:
F.sI. A_vZp aPoZv

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