324

Chapter 1

Limits and Their Properties

Review Exercises for Chapter 1

2. Precalculus. L  9  12  3  12  8.25
4.

 0.1

x
f x

 0.01

0.358

0.5

 0.001

0.001

0.01

0.1

0.354

0.354

0.353

0.349

0.354

lim f x  0.2

x0

6. gx 

0.5

3x
x2

(b) lim gx  0

(a) lim gx does not exist.

x0

x2

Assuming 4 < x < 16, you can choose   5.

8. lim x  9  3.
x9

Let  > 0 be given. We need



x5

 

x  9 <  x  3

x  9 < 5 < x  3 

x  3 <  x  3 x  3 <  x  3

10. lim 9  9. Let  > 0 be given.  can be any positive

Hence, for 0 < x  9 <   5, you have

x  3 < 

 f x  L < 


12. lim 3 y  1  3 4  1  9
y4

number. Hence, for 0 < x  5 < , you have

9  9 < 
 f x  L < 
14. lim
t3

t2  9
 lim t  3  6
t3
t3

16. lim

4  x  2

x0

 lim
 lim

x0

18. lim

s0

x
1
4  x  2

 11  s   1  lim  11  s   1  11  s   1


s0

s
s
 11  s  1 
 lim

s0

20. lim

4  x  2

x0

x2

11  s  1
1
1
 lim
s 11  s   1 s0 1  s 11  s   1   2

x2  4
x  2x  2
 lim
x3  8 x2 x  2x2  2x  4
 lim

x2



x2
x2  2x  4

4
1

12
3

22.

lim

x 4

4x
44


tan x
1

4  x  2
4  x  2

1
4

Review Exercises for Chapter 1

24. lim

x0

cos  x  1
cos  cos x  sin  sin x  1
 lim
x0
x
x
 lim

x0

 cos x x  1 

lim sin 

x0

sin x
x

 0  01  0
3
2
7
26. lim  f x  2gx   4  23   12
xc

28. f x 
(a)

3 x
1 
x1

x
f x

lim

x1

(c) lim
x1

1.1

1.01

1.001

0.3228

0.3322

0.3332

3 x
1 
 0.333
x1

0.3333

3 x  
1 
3 x
3
3 x 2
1  x  


1x
3
3
x  11  
x  
x2

 lim

1
3 x  
3 x2
1 



 lim

x1

 Actual limit is  13 .

3 x
3 x
1 
1 
 lim
x1
x1
x1

x1

(b)

1.0001

1
3

30. st  0 4.9t2  200  0 t2  40.816 t  6.39 sec

When t  6.39, the velocity is approximately
lim
ta

sa  st
 lim 4.9a  t
ta
at
 lim 4.96.39  6.39  62.6 msec.
t6.39

32. lim x  1 does not exist. The graph jumps from 2 to 3

x4

34. lim gx  1  1  2.

x1

at x  4.

36. lim f s  2

s2

38. f x 

3x2  x  2 ,
x1
0,

lim f x  lim

x1

x1

x1
x1

3x  x  2
x1
2

 lim 3x  2  5  0
x1

Removable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,


325

326

Chapter 1

52xx,3,

40. f x 

Limits and Their Properties

x x 1  1  1x
1
lim 1  

x 2
x > 2

42. f x 

lim 5  x  3

x2

x0

lim 2x  3  1

Domain: 
, 1 , 0,


x2

Nonremovable discontinuity at x  2
Continuous on 
, 2  2,


Nonremovable discontinuity at x  0
Continuous on 
, 1  0,


x1
2x  2

44. f x 

46. f x  tan 2x

Nonremovable discontinuities when

x1
1

x1 2x  1
2
lim

x

Removable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,


2n  1
4

Continuous on

2n 4 1, 2n 4 1

for all integers n.
48. lim x  1  2
x1

lim x  1  4

x3

Find b and c so that lim x2  bx  c  2 and lim x2  bx  c  4.

x1

x3

1bc2

Consequently we get
Solving simultaneously,

and 9  3b  c  4.

 3 and

50. C  9.80  2.50x  1 , x > 0

c  4.
52. f x  x  1x
(a) Domain: 
, 0  1,


 9.80  2.50x  1

(b) lim f x  0

C has a nonremovable discontinuity at each integer.

x0

30

(c) lim f x  0

x1

5
0

54. hx 

4x
4  x2

56. f x  csc  x

Vertical asymptote at every integer k

Vertical asymptotes at x  2 and x  2

58.

62.

lim

x 12

lim 

x1

66. lim
x0

x

2x  1

x2  2x  1


x1

sec x


60.

lim

x1

64. lim
x2

68. lim
x0

x1
1
1

 lim
x4  1 x1 x2  1x  1
4
1

3 2

x 4

 

cos2 x
 

Problem Solving for Chapter 1

tan 2x
x

70. f x 
(a)

327

 0.1

x
f x
lim

x0

 0.01

2.0271

 0.001

2.0003

2.0000

0.001

0.01

0.1

2.0000

2.0003

2.0271

tan 2x
2
x

(b) Yes, define

f x 

2, x

tan 2x ,

x0
x0

Now f x is continuous at x  0.

Problem Solving for Chapter 1

1
1
x
2. (a) Area PAO  bh  1x 
2
2
2

4. (a) Slope 

1
1
y
x2
Area PBO  bh  1y  
2
2
2
2
(b) ax 

40 4

30 3

(b) Slope  

3
Tangent line: y  4   x  3
4

3
4

x22
Area PBO

x
Area PAO
x2

3
25
y x
4
4

0.1

0.01

Area PAO

12

120

1200

Area PBO

12

1200

120,000

ax

110

(c) Let Q  x, y  x, 25  x2

mx 

x3

(d) lim mx  lim

x3

1100

x3

25  x2  4

x3

25  x2  4
25  x2  4

25  x2  16
x3 x  3 25  x2  4 

 lim

(c) lim ax  lim x  0

x0

25  x2  4

x0

 lim

x3

 lim

x3

3  x3  x
x  325  x2  4
 3  x
25  x2  4

3
6

44
4

This is the slope of the tangent line at P.

6.

a  bx  3




a  bx  3

a  bx  3
a  bx  3

x0

Setting

b
3  3

b
3  bx  3

 3, you obtain b  6.

Thus, a  3 and b  6.

ax
tan x
 a because lim
1
x0
tan x
x

a2  2  a

bx
 lim
x0 x 3  bx  3 
 lim

x0

Thus,

Thus,
lim

x0

x0

Letting a  3 simplifies the numerator.

x0

x0

lim f x  lim

a  bx  3
xa  bx  3

3  bx  3

8. lim f x  lim a2  2  a2  2

a2  a  2  0

a  2a  1  0
a  1, 2

328

Chapter 1

Limits and Their Properties

1
(a) f 4  
4  4

10.

f 3 

1
3

3
2

 0

f 1 
1  1

1
x

(b) lim f x  1

(c) f is continuous for all

real numbers except

x1

lim f x  0

x1

x  0, 1, 12, 13, . . .

lim f x   

x0

lim f x  

x0

v2 

12. (a)

192,000
 v02  48
r

192,000
 v2  v02  48
r
r
lim r 

v0

192,000
v  v02  48
192,000
48  v02

Let v0  48  43 feetsec.

(b)

v2 

1920
 v02  2.17
r

1920
 v2  v02  2.17
r
r
lim r 

v0

1920
v2  v02  2.17
1920
2.17  v02

Let v0  2.17 misec  1.47 misec.

r

(c)

lim r 

v0

10,600
v2  v02  6.99
10,600
6.99  v02

Let v0  6.99 2.64 misec.

Since this is smaller than the escape velocity for earth,
the mass is less.

14. Let a  0 and let > 0 be given. There exists

1 > 0
such that if 0 < x  0 <
, then f x  L < .
Let

1 a . Then for 0 < x  0 <

1 a ,
you have

x < a1

ax <
1
 f ax  L < .

As a counterexample, let f x 

Then lim f x  1  L,
x0

but lim f ax  lim f 0  2.

x0

x0

12

x0
.
x0