1-20 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

20
OX) I 0.02 0.04 O.I 0.2 0.4 I 2 4 I
PER CENT MANGANESE
IN2ZhO-Sl0
2
PHOSPHOR
FIG. 1-15. Effeet of activator con-
centration on fluorescence of zinc sil-
icate.
0.6
/
CURRENT DENSITY
MICROAMPERES
PER SQ CM
I

w
-
7%
o/
-
-
-
-
/
-
-
'
\'
i
1 1
0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 2 4 6 IC
SCREEN POTENTIAL IN KILOVOLTS
FIG. 1-16. The light output of zinc sul-
phide is a function of screen potential and
current density in a cathode-ray tube.
Table 1-6 reveals the color effect of activator changes. Table 1-7
includes the characteristic color of radiation emitted by several common
phosphors.
Stokes law, which states that the emitted radiation must be of longer
wavelength than that absorbed, is based on two facts:
1. Relatively large quanta (associated with short wavelengths) are
required to raise electrons to the high excitation energy levels from which
fluorescent and phosphorescent processes may begin.
2. Transition of displaced electrons to their stable level usually occurs
in several short steps giving rise to the smaller quanta associated with
longer wavelengths.
Note: Certain "anti-stokes" emitters exist which store energy in the
metastable or trapping levels and will release wavelengths shorter than
those required to excite them.
5
Table 1-6. Effect of Activators on the Wavelength of Light Emitted by
a Phosphor
PHOSPHOR
(per cent by weight)
Zinc sulphide
100
90
80
75
Cadmium sulphide
1(1
20
25
WAVELENGTH OF MAXIMUM FLUORES-
CENCE
(micron)
Ictivator Silver
0.4600
.4740
.4920
.5030
Copper
0.5230
.5400
.5790
.6100