ΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ - ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΕΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ (1999 -)

(1999)
hp://gordongr.blogspot.com

(1999)
http://gordongr.blogspot.com
8 2011
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1.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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87
3.1 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.2 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.3 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.7 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
/ 123
4.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

4.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
5
2002 . . . . . . . . .
2003 . . . . . . . . .
2003
2004 . . . . . . . . .
2004
2005 . . . . . . . . .
2005
2006 . . . . . . . . .
2006
2007 . . . . . . . . .
2007
2008 . . . . . . . . .
2008
2009 . . . . . . . . .
2009
2010 . . . . . . . . .
2010
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134
140
145
150
156
161
166
173
180
185
190
195
200
207
212
218
225

/
231
5.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
5.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
5.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
5.4 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
5.5 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
5.6 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
5.7 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
5.8 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
5.9 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
5.10 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
5.11 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
5.12 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
5.13 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
5.14 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
5.15 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
5.16 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
5.17 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
5.18 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
5.19 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
5.20 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
5.21 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
5.22 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
5.23 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
4
5.24 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

5.25 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
5.26 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
6
II
7
/
6.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.11 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.12 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.13 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . .
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399
399
403
407
411
415
420
424
428
432
436
441
446
450
457

7.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 2001 . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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459
459
463
467
471
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477
477
482
486
490
496

503
9.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
9.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
9.3 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
9.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
5
10
10.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4 2003 . . . . . .
10.5 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6 2004 . . . . . .
10.7 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.8 2005 . . . . . .
10.9 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.10 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.11 2007 . . . . . .
10.12 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.13 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.14 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
/ .
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11
/
11.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.3 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.4 2004 . . . . . . . . . .
11.5 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.6 2005 . . . . . . . . . .
11.7 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.8 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.9 2007 . . . . . . . . . .
11.10 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.11 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.12 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.13 2010 . . . . . . . . . .
12 /
12.1 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.2 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.3 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.8 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.9 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
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521
521
526
530
535
539
545
549
555
559
565
570
576
581
587
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593
593
598
603
608
613
617
621
627
632
638
643
648
654
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661
661
664
668
673
677
682
686
690
694
12.10 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

Creative Commons 3.0 , ,
(1999)
705
(1999)

. , , .
1999 , , /
/. , , .
, .
,
GordonGR .
Creative Commons (, ,
3.0).
/
: XLTEX, Kig, kmplot, Inkscape, Ubuntu Linux
10.04.

2011
10
(1999)
11
1.1
1999
1:
. () . ()
() ()
( ), :
)
() .
[ 2,5/100]
. P() = ()()+(), () =
0 deg(()) < deg( ).
) () :
. ().
. .
. .
. .
[ 5/100]
. () = 0 deg(()) = 0.
, ,
.
13
14
1.
) ()
= . = ().
[ 5/100]
. =
P() = ( )() + () = ().
. () = 3 + + 1,
.
() 1 ;
A. = 0, B. = 1, . = 1, . = 2, . = 2
[ 12,5/100]
.
=0
P(1) = 0
3 + + 1 = 0
2 + 1 = 0
( 1) = 0
= 1,
2:
16
2.
) :
. = 64 = 1/2,
. = 64 = 1/2,
. = 64 = 1/2,
. = 32 = 1/2.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
1.1. 1999
15
. ( ) = 16 = 2,
= 16 = 2.

=
1
1
= .
8
2
1
= 16 = 64,
4
.
) .
[ 9/100]
1
2 1
. = = 64 = = .
8
2
2
.
[ 7/100]
. =
1
< 1,
2
= = 128.
1
S =
3:
)
sin 6 + sin 4 = 2 sin 5 cos .

[ 10/100]
.
sin 6 + sin 4 = 2 sin
6 + 4
6 4
cos
= 2 sin 5 cos .
2
2
(1999)
16
1.
) sin 6 + sin 4 + 4 sin 5 = 0.

[o 15/100]
.
sin 6 + sin 4 + 4 sin 5 = 0
()
2 sin 5 cos + 4 sin 5 = 0

2 sin 5(cos + 2) = 0
sin 5 = 0, cos 2
5 =
= , .
5
4:
620
640 .
:
120 .
10 .

, .
48 .
) .
[ 5/100]
.
. ( ) , .
48,
= + 3 = 48 3.
(1999)
1.1. 1999
17
) .
[ 5/100]
. ,
A = 120 + S
10
= 120 + (2 + 9)
2
= 120 + 5(96 + 3)
= 600 + 15.
.
[ 5/100]
620 < A < 640

620 < 600 + 15 < 640
20 < 15 < 40
4
8
<<
3
3
= 2,
.
) .
[ 5/100]
. = + 9 = 48 + 6 = 48 + 6 2 = 60.
) .
[ 5/100]
. = 600 + 15 2 = 630 .
(1999)
18
1.
1.2 2000
1:
.1. - ( ) .
[ 3/100]
. = + ( 1).
.2. , ,
, , .
[ 3]
. 2 = + .
A.3. N S
( ), 1, :
S =
1
.
1
[ 6,5/100]
.
S = + + +
= + + +
= (1 + + + )
1
=
1
1
.
=
1
.1. - .
- .
(1999)
1.2. 2000
19

. = 1, = 2
. = 0, = 3
. = 1, = 1

1. =
2. = 4 3
3. = 3 2
4. = 3 3
[ 6/100]
. -3, -4, -1.

.2. ,
.
. O 5, 5, 15, ,
.
. 10, 7, 4, 20.
. ( ) , ,
2 = + .
[ 4,5/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
.3.
: 1
2,
.
2 1
,
2
. 2 1,
. 2 ,
. 1 2 ,
. .
[ 2/100]
. .
2:
P() = + ( 1) 3 2 + 6, , .
(1999)
20
1.
) 1 P() P() + 1 2, = 2 = 4.
[ 15/100]
. 1 P(),
(1.1)
P(1) = 0 + 2 = 0.
P() + 1 2,
(1.2)
P(1) = 2 + 6 = 0.
(1.1), (1.2) = 4
(1.1) = 2.
) (),
P() = 0.
[ 10]
. ,
P() = 2 + 3 3 2.
1 P(),
:
P() =
=
=
=
=
2 + 3 3 2
2 2 + 3 3
2( 1) + 3( 1)
2( 1)( + + 1) + 3( 1)
( 1)(2 + 2 + 1).
( ) = 1.
5 17
= 25 8 = 17 , =
.
4
3:
() = 2 sin cos 2 sin 4 cos , .
(1999)
1.2. 2000
21
) () = sin(2 + ) + ,
, , > 0.
[ 9/100]
. sin 2 = 2 sin cos , sin =
:
1 cos 2
1 + cos 2
, cos =
,
2
2
() = sin 2 (1 cos 2) 2(1 + cos ) = sin 2 cos 2 3.

sin 2 cos 2 = 1 + (1) = 2, sin =
1
2
2
2
cos =
=
. = ,
2
2
4
2
sin 2 cos 2 = 2 sin 2
() = sin 2 cos 2 = 2 sin 2
3.
4
)
.
[ 6/100]
. 1 sin 2
1,
4
2 3 () 2 + 3.
2 + 3
() = 2 + 3
=1
4

2 = + 2
4
2
3
2 =
+ 2
4
3
=
+ ,
8
sin 2
.
(1999)
22
1.
) () +
= 2 [0, ].
4
[ 10]
= 2
4
2 sin 2 3 2 sin 2 + = 2
4
4
sin 2 + sin 2 + = 1
4
4
2 2
2 + 2 +
4
4 cos
4
4 =1
2 sin
2
2
2 sin cos 2 = 1
4
() +
2 cos 2 = 1
2
cos 2 =
2
5
cos 2 = cos
4
5
2 =
+ 2,
4
5
=
+ ,
8
3
5
=
, =
.
8
8
4:
.
A. 10 ,
6 .
[ 9/100]
. ( ) = 3 = 10. = 10 3 = 30. -
= 30 3 .
, = 30 3 .
(1999)
1.3. 2001
23
B.
,
3 10 .
B.1. 20
.
[ 8/100]
. ( )
= = 30 3 = 3 10.
= 30 3 3 10 = 3 10(3 3 1) = 3 10 26,
-
= 3 10 26 3 10( 1) = 3 10 (27 ).
20 = 3 10 7.
B.2.
;
[ 8/100]
.
= 0
3 10 (27 ) = 0
= 27,
27 .
1.3
2001
1:
.1.
+ + + + = 0,
. 0 ,
.
[ 6,5/100]
(1999)
24
1.
. , ,
= ()( + + + ).
. ,
|()( + + + )
| .
.2.
: () . ()
() ()
, :
. () = ( )() + 1
. () = ( )P()
. ()
. () = 0.
[ 6/100]
. .
.1. ,
.
. 3 5 + 6 = 0 4.
. 4 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 0 2.
. 6 3 + 2 + 2 = 0 3.
[ 6/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
.2.
:
P() = (4 + 5) +
:
. + 1
. 1
5
. . + .
4
[ 6,5/100]
. .
(1999)
1.3. 2001
25
2:

5 cos 2 14 cos 7 = 0.
3
. cos = .
5
[ 10/100]
. cos 2 = 2 cos 1,
5 cos 2 14 cos 7 = 0
5(2 cos 1) 14 cos 7 = 0

10 cos 14 cos 12 = 0
5 cos 7 cos 6 = 0.
cos [1, 1], = 49 + 120 = 169

(cos ), =
7 13
2 > 1,
=
,
10
3
cos = .
5
3
.
,
2
sin 2, cos 2 tan 2.
[ 15/100]
. ,
3
,
2
3
4
sin = 1 cos = 1 = .
5
5
3
24
4
sin 2 = 2 sin cos = 2 = ,
5
5
25
3
7
cos 2 = 2 cos 1 = 2 1 =
5
25
24
sin 2
= = .
tan 2 =
cos 2
7
(1999)
26
1.
3:
( ) = log 125
= log 5.
. .
[ 8/100]
. = + 2 = 2
= log 125 2 log 5 = 3 log 5 2 log 5 = log 5 = .
. = + + + .
[ 8/100]
.
= + + +
= ( + + + ) ( + + + )
29
20
=
(2 + 28) (2 + 19)
2
2
= (29 20) + (29 14 10 19)
= 9 + 216
= (9 + 216) log 5
= 225 log 5.
. ( ) = = ,
.

= + + + + + .
[ 9/100]
. ( ) = = log 5
=
+ 2
=
=
=
= 2.

(1999)
1.3. 2001
27
2001 , .
, 1000
( ), . ( ) = = 2, =
2 = 4 = 2 + 1.
( 1000, 2001 = 2 +
1 = 1000.)
, :
S =
( ) 1
4 1
4 1
=
ln
5
=
ln
5
.
1
41
3
4:
Q() ( ),
.
300. 000 , 6
.
ln Q() = + , 0
, , :
. Q() = 3 4 , 0.
[ 10/100]
1
3
. , Q(0) = 3 Q = .
2
2
ln Q(0) = 0 + = ln 3
1
1
ln Q = +
2
2
3
+ ln 3 = ln
2
2
+ ln 3 = ln 3 ln 2
2
= ln 2 = ln 4.
2
,
ln Q() = ln 4 + ln 3 ln Q() = ln(4 3) Q() = 3 4 .
(1999)
28
1.
. 1/16
.
[ 8/100]
.
Q() =
1
Q(0)
16
3 4 =
4 = 4
= 2,
3
16
.
. 1/9 .
[ 7/100]
.
1
Q() Q(0)
9
3 4
1
3
1
3
1
3
ln 4 ln 3
2 ln 3

2 ln 4
ln 3
.
ln 4
ln 4 ln
ln 3
.
ln 4
1.4 2002
1:
. P()
= . = P().
[ 9/100]
(1999)
1.4. 2002
29
. , (), ()
P() = ( ) () + (),
() deg(()) < deg( ).
, P() = 0 =
() = 0. = P().
, deg(()) < 1, deg(()) = 0,
. = P() = ( )
() + = .
. , .
. = ln = , > 0.
. > 0 1, , > 0 :
log ( ) = log log .
. tan 2 =
2 tan
.
1 + tan 2
. sin 2 =
1 cos 2
.
2
. tan( ) =
tan + tan
.
1 tan tan
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
. :
. ;
. ;
[ 6/100]
. ,
, ,
.
(1999)
30
1.
2: ,
= cos 2, = cos , = 1,
0 < < .
2
. , ,
.
[ 7/100]
. cos 2 = 2 cos 1, 2 = + ,
, , .
. .
[ 8/100]
. = = 1 cos = sin .
. .
[ 10/100]
.
S =
=
=
=
=
5
2 + (5 1)
2
5
(2 cos 2 + 4 sin )
2
5
(4 cos 1 + 4 sin )
2
5
(4 1)
2
15
.
2
3:
P() = ( + ) + + 1.
(1999)
1.4. 2002
31
1
. P = 7 P(1) = 23, = 6 = 5.
2
[ 8/100]
.
1
P = 7
2
()
1
1
1
( + ) + 1 = 7
8
4
2
2( + ) + 4 + 8 = 56
3 + 6 = 48
(1.3)
( + ) + 1 = 23
2 2 + 1 = 23
+ = 11.
(1.4)
P(1) = 23
(1.4) 3 (1.3)
3 = 15 = 5 (1.3)
5 = 11 = 6.
. P(), = 6 = 5, 2 + 1
P() .
[ 8/100]
. , P() =
6 + 11 5 + 1. Horner :
6 11 5 1
3 7 6
6 14 12 7
1
P() = (6 + 14 12) + 7
2
P() = (2 1) (3 + 7 6) + 7.
(1999)
32
1.
. P() > 7 = 6 = 5.
[ 9/100]
.
1
P() > 7 (2 1) (3 + 7 6) > 0 2 1 < 0 < ,
2
= 27 < 0, 3 + 7 6 < 0.
1
, .
2
4:
() = ln
1
.
+ 5
. ().
[ 5/100]
.
1
>0
+ 5
1 > 0, , + 5 > 0
> 1

( ) > 1
>
> 0.
D = + = (0, +).
. () = 2 ln 2.
[ 10/100]
.
() = 2 ln 2
1
= ln 4
+ 5
1
=4
+ 5
1 = 4 + 5
4 21 = 0
= 3 () = 7 ()
= ln 7.
ln
(1999)
1.5. 2003
33
. () > 0.
[ 10/100]
.
() < 0
1
ln
> ln 1
+5
1
>1
+ 5
1 > + 5
6 > 0
( ) 3 + 2 6 > 0
( 3) + 2( 3) > 0
( + 2)( 3) > 0
< 2 () > 3 ()
> ln 3.
(ln 3, +).
1.5
2003
1:
. -
= + ( 1).
[ 7/100]
. :
: = 1 = .
: ,
= + ( 1).
+ 1,
+ = + ( + 1 1) = + .
:
+ = + = + ( 1) + = + .
, .
(1999)
34
1.
. .
= , : . = , . = , . = .
[ 3/100]
. .
. .
S
( ) 1 , :
. S =
1
,
1
. S =
1
1
, . S =
.
1
1
[ 3/100]
. .
. : 2 :
2 tan
2 tan
tan
. tan 2 =
.
, . tan 2 =
, . tan 2 =
1 tan
1 + tan
1 tan
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
.
.
. , , ,
= .
. 1, () =
.
[ 9/100]
. ) , ) , ) (0, +).
(1999)
1.5. 2003
35
2:
:
cos (sin 2 + 4 sin ) = (cos 2 + 4 cos + 1) sin
[ 12/100]

cos 2 + 4 cos + 1 = 0.
[ 13/100]
. cos 2 = 2 cos 1 sin 2 = 2 sin cos ,
:
cos (sin 2 + 4 sin ) =
=
=
=
cos (2 sin cos + 4 sin )

cos (2 cos + 4) sin
(2 cos + 4 cos ) sin
(cos 2 + 4 cos + 1) sin .

cos 2 + 4 cos + 1 = 0
2 cos + 4 cos = 0
2 cos (cos + 2) = 0
cos = 0 cos = 2
cos = 0
= + , .
2
3: ,
= 11 + 2,

P() = 3 + 3.
. ( )
= 9 = 2.
[ 9/100]
. + = 11 + 2( + 1) + 11 2 = 2, . ,
( ) = 11 2 1 = 9
= 2.
(1999)
36
1.
. S = + + , , ,
.
[ 7/100]
.
S = ( + + ) ( + + )
21
11
=
(2 + 20)
(2 + 10)
2
2
= (21 11) + (10 21 5 11)
= 10(9) + (210 55)2
= 220.
. P() = 0
.
[ 9/100]
.
P() = ( 3) ( 3) = ( 3)( 1) = ( + 1)( 1)( 3)
= 1, = 1 = 3,
= = 2
( ).
4:
() = ln( 2 + 3) () = ln 3 + ln( 1).
. () ().
[ 6/100]
.
2 +3 > 0 ( 1)( 2) > 0 < 1 > 2 < 0 > ln 2,
D = (, 0) (ln 2, +).

1 > 0 > > 0,
D = (0, +).
(1999)
1.6. 2003
37
. () = ().
[ 10/100]
. D D = (ln 2, +)
() = ()
ln( 2 + 3) = ln 3 + ln( 1)
ln( 2 + 3) = ln 3( 1)
2 + 3 = 3 3
5 + 6 = 0
= 2 = 3
= ln 2 (.) = ln 3 (.)
= ln 3.
. () > 2().
[ 9/100]
. D D = (ln 2, +)
() > 2()
ln( 2 + 3) > 2 ln 3 + 2 ln( 1)
ln( 2 + 3) > ln 3 ( 1)
2 + 3 > 9( 1)
2 + 3 > 9 18 + 9
4 8 + 3 = 0
1
3
< <
2
2
1
3
ln < < ln .
2
2
4
3
ln < ln = ln 2, 2
2
(ln 2, +) .
.
1.6
2003
1:
1. , ,
, = .
(1999)
38
1.
[ 9/100]
.
, ,
= =

=

= .
2. : > 0
1, , , > 0 , :
. log ( + ) = log + log ,
. log
= log log ,
. log = log .
[ 6/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
3.
: cos 2 :
. cos 2 = cos sin ,
. cos 2 = 1 2 cos ,
. cos 2 = 2 sin 1.
[ 4/100]
. .
4. :
. () = + + + + 0,
().
. , .
[ 6/100]
. ) , ) .
(1999)
1.6. 2003
39
2:
() = ( + 1) cos(),
.
. () 3 4,
1
= 2 = .
2
[ 13/100]
. max = + 1, + 1 = 3 = 2.
2 2
2
1
=
= , = 4 = .

2
1
3
. = 2 = , () = .
2
2
[ 12/100]
. = 2, =
1

2
() = 3 cos
2

() =
3
2
3
3 cos =
2
2
1
cos =
2
2
cos = cos
2
3
= + 2
2
3
2
= + 4, .
3
3:
() ,
+ 1, 0
2.
(1999)
40
1.
. () = + .
[ 14/100]
. P() +1 1,
() = + , , . ,
P() = ( + 1)( + ) + 0 = + + + .
0 ,
P(0) = 0 0 + 0 + 0 + = 0
2,
+ + + = 2 = 1.

P() = + .
() 2 + () 2 + () > 2.
[ 11/100]
. = P() 2 = + 2, :
() 2 + () 2 + () > 2
+ + > 0
( + + 1) > 0
> 0, , + + 1 > 0
+ 2 > 0
1 + 1 > 0
( 1)( + + 1) + 1 > 0
( 1)( + + 2) > 0
1 > 0, , + + 2 > 0
> 1.
(1999)
1.6. 2003
41
4:
1.
log(3 2 1), log(4 2 1), log(8 2 2)
, ;
[ 13/100]
.
log(3 2 1), log(4 2 1), log(8 2 2)

2 log(4 2 1) = log(3 2 1) + log(8 2 2)
log (4 2 1) = log (3 2 1) (8 2 2)
(4 2 1) = (3 2 1) (8 2 2)
16 2 8 2 + 1 = 24 2 14 2 + 2
8 2 6 2 + 1 = 0
1
1
62 1 1
2 = 2 = , = 36 32 = 4, (2 ), =
= ,
2
4
16
2 4
2 = 2 2 = 2
= 1, = 2.
2. = log 2,
.
[ 12/100]
.
= log(8 2 2) log(4 2 1) = log
2(4 2 1)
= log 2.
4 2 1
= + 3
= log 2 3 log 2 = 4 log 2.
(1999)
42
1.
1.7 2004
1:
. > 0 1, > 0 , :
log = log .
[ 9/100]
. log = log = . = = .
( ) = = = .
log = log .
. .
) ,
log
log
=
.
log
) ( )
+
S =
.
2
) () ()
(), () () ,
() ().
) , , ,
= .
[ 4/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
. , .
. =
> 0, .
. =
> 0 > 0 1.
. log =
> 0 1 .
[ 6]
. ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
1.7. 2004
43
. sin cos .
sin
cos
0,
,

, 2
[ 6/100]
. :
sin
cos
0,
,

, 2
2:
.
sin 2 3 cos = 0.
[ 13/100]
. :
sin 2 3 cos = 0
2 sin cos 3 cos = 0
(2 sin 3) cos = 0
sin =
3
cos = 0
2
sin = sin cos = cos

3
= 2 + = 2 + = 2 , ,
3
3
2
= 2 + = 2 +
= 2 , , .
3
3
(1999)
44
1.
.
1 cos 2
= tan
2 sin + sin 2
2
.
[ 12/100]
.
1 cos 2
1 1 + 2 sin
=
2 sin + sin 2
2 sin + 2 sin cos
2 sin
=
2 sin (1 + cos )
sin
=
1 + cos
2 sin cos
=
2 cos
sin
=
cos
= tan .
2
3:
() = 8 + (5 1) + 8 3 6, .
. () 1
.
[ 9/100]
. 1 = ( 1)( + 1), ,
Horner .
:
1 8 5 1
8
1
7 5 8
1 7 5 8
5
3 6 1
5
2 6
P() = ( 1)( 7 + (5 8) + 5) + 2 6.
:
(1999)
1.7. 2004
45
1
7
1
1 8
5 8
8
5
5
5
0
7 + (5 8) + 5 = ( + 1)( + 8 + 5). ,

P() = ( 1)( + 8 + 5) + 2 6.
. , .
[ 4/100]
. 2 6 = 0 = 3.
. = 3, () = 0, ()
.
[ 12/100]
. = 3
P() = ( 1)( 8 + 15) = ( 1)( + 1)( 3)( 5).
, P() = 0 1, 1, 3, 5
P() < 0 (1, 2) (3, 5).
4:
.
() =
1
1
2 + 3 1.
5
5
[ 13/100]
.
1
1
2 + 3 1 0,
5
5
(1999)
46
1.

2 + 3 1 0
1
= > 0. = 1 1 2,
5

12
1
1 2
5
1
1 5
2
log 1 log 5 log
0 log 2.
1
2
D = [ log 2, 0].
. () = 5 . :
() + ( + 1) + ( + 2) + + ( + 49) =
125(5 1)
.
4
[ 12/100]
. 5 S, S 50 = 1
= 5.
5 1
S=
=
.
1
4
,
5 1 125(5 1
=
4
4
5 = 125
5 = 5
= 3.
5
(1999)
2.1
1999
1:
.
. A

.
) ,
.
[ 5/100]

.

=
=
.
.
)
[ 4/100]
47
48
2.
A =
B //,
=

, , //
A =
.
.

B = E,
)

=
.

[ 3,5/100]
. () :

=
=
=
.
A + A + A A
A.

. )
= 3, = 6 = 10, :
. 3, . 6,
. 4, . 5, . 7
[ 6,5/100]
. ()
10 6

=
=
=5
A
3
.
(1999)
2.1. 1999
49
A.
=
)
4, = 6 = 8, :
. = 1 = 5,
. = 5 = 1,
. = 3 = 3,
. = 2 = 4,
. = 4 = 2.
[ 6/100]
. , ()

8
8 + 4
12 6
=
=
= 2.
A
4
4
= 2 .
2:
,
. = 9, = 4 = 5, :
(1999)
50
2.
) .
[ 15/100]
. , ,
=
(A + A) = ( + )
(A + 9) = 4(5 + 4)
+ 9 36 = 0.
= 81 + 4 36 = 225
, =
9 15
12 < 0,
=
3 > 0,
2
= 3.
) :
. 9,
. 5,
. 4,
. 3, . 6.
[ 10/100]
. , =

= 4(5 + 4) = 6,
.
3:

. :
(1999)
2.1. 1999
)
51

1.

[ 15/100]
.
() =
1
1 1
AK AB sin A = A AB sin A
2
2 2
() =
1
1
1
A A sin A = A AB sin A,
2
2
2
() = (), 1.

) ,
.
[ 10/100]
. () = () + () () = () + (),
() () = ().
4:
) 402 .

( )
25 . ,
.
[ 8/100]
(1999)
52
2.
.
= () = = (402) = 3200.

=
25 625
=
.
4
4

4 = 3200 4
625
= 3200 625.
4
) , , .
, ;
[ 5/100]
. (, R)
R , .
= 25 + 2R + 25 = 2R + 50
= + = 2 (402) = 80.
2R + 50 = 80 R = 15.
)
();
[ 5/100]
. (O, R) = 15 = 225.

4 = 3200 625 225 = 3200 400.
(1999)
2.2. 2000
53
) ,
, ;
[ 7/100]
. , (, ) .
,
= + .
= = 202 = = 202 25,

2
= (202) + (202 25)
= (202) (202 25)(202) + (202 25)
= 25402 25.
= 5402 25.
2.2
2000
1:

1.
,
,
+ = 2 +
.
2
[ 10/100]
. , , > .
< 90 < .

< 90,
= + 2 .

> 90,

= + + 2 .
, = , .
(1999)
54
2.
< :
2.
=
.
[ 2,5/100]
. = 2 .
. 1 2.
= 8, = 6 = 5.
1.
. 7 . 4 . 10
. 9 . 11
[ 6,5/100]
. .
= 4, = 7, = 5,
2.
. :
. 4
. 8 . 8/3 . 5 . 3
[ 6/100]
. .
2o:
=
= 90,
//, < , A
= 4, = 3, = 5.
:
(1999)
2.2. 2000
)
55
.
[ 9/100]
. . =
, = = 3. ,
+ , = 5 3 = 4.
) .
[ 9]
.
() =
+
4+8
=
3 = 18.
2
2
[ 7/100]
.
() = () + () =

+
= 12.
2
2
3:
=
(, R)
15. :
(1999)
56
2.
) R .
[ 6/100]
(, R),
.
15
= 53.
= = R3, R =
3
) (O, R).
[ 6/100]
. E(O, R) = R = 75.
) .
[ 6/100]
. +
= R
4
3R R
=
4
2

3
R 33 75
3
.
() = = = R3 =
2
2
2
4
(1999)
2.2. 2000
57
)
.
[ 7/100]
.
E = E(O, R) () = 75
33 75 75(4 33)
=
.
4
4
4o:
(O, R) .
, , ,
.
= ,
. :
)
= .
[ 6/100]
. , , =
.

,
,
=
= 90, ,

= = R,
.
= , = .
(1999)
58
2.
) = = R .
[ 6/100]
. , , = .
= ( + )( ) = (R + )(R ) = R .
()
= = ( )( + ) = R .
= = R .
) + = 2(R + ).
[ 5/100]
,
.

+ = 2 +
= 2( + ) = 2(R + ).
2

R +
+
=2
.
R O
[ 8/100]
. () ()
2
R + +
=
=
+
=
+
.

R O
,
=
=
=
=
, ()
( )( + )
R
, ()

R +
+1=
+
.
=
R O
(1999)
2.3. 2001
2.3
59
2001
1:
1. , ,
,
.
[ 6,5/100]
A
= 90 . ,
.

:

=
= 90

= ,
= 90 B

= 90 B
.
A
,

, ,
AB
B
A
=
=
= .
A A
2.
, :
(A
= 90)
.

.
.

1. +
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
[ 6/100]
. -4, -5, -2.

(1999)
60
2.
. 1 2:
(A
= 90) , = 1 = 3.
1. :
. 2 . 3
. 2 . 32
[ 6,5/100]
. .
2. :
. 3 . 3 . 2
. 5
[ 6/100]
. .
2:
= 6, = 12 =
8.
. .
[ 7/100]
> 90.
. = 144 > 100 = + ,
. .
[ 9/100]
+ = 2 + ,
.
2 + 2
2 64 + 2 36 144
=
= 14.
4
4
(1999)
2.3. 2001
61
. .
[ 9/100]
= 2 ,
.
.
7
= .
2
6
3:
O,
O
O
= O
=
O,
150. O, O, O , ,
= 2, = 4 = 6.
. () .
[ 12/100]
= 360 O
O
= 60,
. O
() =
1
= 1 2 6 sin 60 = 33.
sin O
2
2
(A)
.
(OB)
[ 13/100]
.
() =
1
= 1 2 4 sin 150
sin O
2
2
() =
1
= 1 4 6 sin 150
sin O
2
2
(A) 1
= .
(OB)
3
(1999)
62
2.
4:
= 2R.
, , = 2R.
.
.
. = 22R .
[ 5/100]
. .
,
= = (R + 2R) R = 8R
= 22R.
(1999)
2.3. 2001
63
. = .
[ 10/100]

.
=E
= 90
A
=
().

,

=
=
, = .
. R.
[ 5/100]
. ()
=
4R 3R
=
= 32R.
22R
.
R.

[ 5/100]
. .
+ = ().
=
2
= = (32R) (4R) = 2R ,
1
= 22R .
2
R 42
, = 22R
=
R.
2
2
= R2, () =
(1999)
64
2.
2.4 2002
1:
1. .
[ 10/100]
. , > .
,
. K, . :
() = () + () + ()
1
1
=
+ +
2
2
1
1
1
=
+ ( + ) +
2
2
2
1
=
( + + + )
2
1
=
( + ) .
2
2. , .
. (, R), (, R) >
0, (, R) (, R).
[ 1/100]

.
< 90.
< + A
(1999)
2.4. 2002
65
[ 1/100]
E = 1 sin .
.
2
[ 1/100]
. (, R),
R
=
.
180
[ 1/100]

.
:
+ = 2 + .
2
[ 1/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
. . (, R)
= R, .
[ 6/100]
. , , , , , , A ,
= = = = = A A = R. ,
OA
A
+ ( = 1, , 6) A A+ = R, A A+ = OA =
OA+ . , A
OA+ = 60,
A A+ = 60. A A = 6 60 = 360,
. A A
.
(1999)
66
2.
OA A A
, A
+
+
, . , , .
, ,
= R.
. =
R3
, .
2
[ 4/100]
. +
3R
R3
= R =
=
.
2
4
2
2:
, , = .

2 =
. = + .
[ 15/100]
. + = 2 +
2 = +
.
2
+
2
+ = +
= + .
2
2
(1999)
2.4. 2002
67
. A.
[ 10/100]
< 90.
. < +
. ..
= + 2 .
, 2
= 60.
= . A
3:
, (, R)
30.
,
. ,
.
:
. = R.
[ 5/100]
, A

.
= 30, = = R.
, . B
2
(1999)
68
.
2.
(PB)
= 4.
(PA)
[ 10]
B

=
.
= 30,
= 90
= 90 (90
30) = 30
=
= 90.
()
=
= 2. =
=
()
= 4.
. =
2R3
.
3
[ 10/100]
1

.
= 30, = = R.
2
1
2R3
= + = = R =
.
4
3
4:
, 7 cm,
, = = = = 3 cm.
(1999)
2.5. 2003
69
. .
[ 5/100]
B,
= EB + ZB =
.
3 + 4 = 5. () = = 25 .

.
(, ) = 1 cm.
[ 12/100]
1
1
. () = EB EZ = 4 3 = 6 . , () = =
2
2
+ +
4+3+5
=
= 6. 6 = 6 = 1 cm.
2
2
. (, R) , (, R)
(, ).
[ 8/100]
5
. R , R = .
2

R 25
E(K, R)
= = .
E(, )
2.5
2003
1:
. (, R).
. (, R) .
[ 4/100]
. , .
( )
( ), (
) ( ).
(, R).
(1999)
70
2.
. = R2, .
[ 4/100]
, ,
.
= + = 2R = R2.
, = R2.
. =
R2
, .
2
[ 4/100]
.
R
R2
+ = R =
=
.
4
2
2
. , .
.
.
[ 2/100]
(1999)
2.5. 2003
71
. .
[ 2/100]
. (, R) :
(O, R) = R + O .
[ 2/100]
.

.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
. ;
[ 5/100]
.
.
2:
= = 1 = 3.
. A.
[ 9/100]
. ,

A.
= = 1
1
3 1
= = .
2
4
2
= 60,
= 120.
= 2.
(1999)
72
2.
. .
[ 9/100]
.
() =
1
1 3
1
= 3 =
.
2
2
2
4
. = .
[ 7/100]
.
+ = 2 +
7
=
.
2
2
3:
, , , + = 3 .

:

(1999)
2.5. 2003
73
. .
[ 12/100]
. :
+ = 2 +
5
5
=
=
.
2
4
2
. =
3
.
2
[ 13/100]
. , ,
:
=
5

5
ME =
=
.
2
2 2
10
:
= ( + )
5
5 5
2
2
10
1
5
1 +
=
2
5
3
.
=
2
=
(1999)
74
2.
4:
. , , ,
, , ,
1
= = = ,
3
.
. .
[ 9/100]
.
1
sin A
2
1 2
=

sin 60
2 3 3
1 2 3
=

2 3 3
2
3
.
=
18
() =
. .
[ 7/100]

( ),
.
,
(1999)
2.6. 2003
= = =
75
=
=
= 60

= = =
2
.
3

() =
3
. ,
18
1
3
sin = =
.
2
4
,
() = () 3 ()
3
3
3
4
18
3
=
.
12
=
. .
[ 9/100]
(O, R),
.
3
= R3 = R3 R =
.
3
= R =
2.6
3
=
.
3
3
2003
1o:
. ,

.
[ 11/100]
(1999)
76
2.
, A
= 90, . .
:
=B
= 90
A
,
B
.
,
,
=
=
=
= .

. , .
:
.
< 1.
> + A
[ 2/100]
. ,

.
[ 2/100]
, ,
.
,
E=
4
.
[ 2/100]
. ,
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
2.6. 2003
77
.
.

. R
. R
. R

R
1.
180
2. 2R
3. R
R
4.
.
360
[ 6/100]
. -3, -4, -2.
2:
= 2 3, = 1
= 30.

. = 7.
[ 13/100]

= 30,
. .
= 2, = 3. , ,
,
= + = = 3.

< 90
,
= + 2 = 23) + 1 2 1 3 = 7,
AB = 7.
(1999)
78
2.
. = .
[ 12/100]

.
+ = 2 +
12 + 1 = 2 +
7
2
13
7
13
=
.
7
3:
(, R) , OA = R13.
.
= 2, :
. , R.
[ 13/100]
. ,
(,) = OA R = 13R R = 12R
. = + .
,
. , :
=
( )( + ) = 2
R13 RR13 + R = 2
R13) R = 2
12R = 2
= R6.
(1999)
2.6. 2003
79
(O)
.
()
[ 12/100]

. .
. :
,
(O)
=
()
OK
=
= 2.
OK
4:
(, R) .
, , .
(1999)
80
2.
. = R3.
[ 8/100]
R
.
2
= 90, = + , MB = R R =

2
3R
.
2
M = 3R .

2
. . = =
= MB + = 3R.
. , R, .
[ 8/100]
AMB
= 90 = +
.
R 3R
M
= 90
=
+
= R = R.
4
4
9R 3R
= + =
+
= 3R = R3.
4
4
,
,

() =
1
1
R 3
= R R3 =
.
2
2
2

= R, = R 3 () =
, ,
R 3
.
2
() = () + () = R 3.
. , R,
.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
2.7. 2004
81
AM = R/2 = 1 ,
= 30,
.
AB
R
2
,
= 60.
.
,
= 120.
,

R 120 R
=
.
360
3
= R,
T ,
() =
1
1
R3 3R
= R
=
.
2
2
2
4

R 3R
3
.
= () =
= R
3
4
3
4
2.7
2004
1:
. N .
[ 11/100]
. = =
= = . ,
,
= , = .

= ,
() = ().

(1999)
82
2.
,
() = () + ()
1
1
=
+
2
2
1
= 2
2
= .
.
.

.
.
.

1. =
2. =
3. = (+)
4. = P
5. E = .
.
[ 6/100]
. -3, -1, -4.
. , .

.
= + 2.
. - R
:
+ = R .
2
. ,

.
.
, .
[ 8/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
2.7. 2004
83
2:

R.
= 150, :
. .
[ 10/100]
.
= 180
360
,
150 180 =
360
= 12.
.
. .
[ 8/100]
.
=
360
,
360
= 30.
12
. R.
[ 7/100]
1
1
. E = P = ,
2
2
=
1
1
12 R R = 3R .
2
2
3: ,
= 2, = 1 + 2

2
() =
.
4
(1999)
84
2.
. = 3.
[ 9/100]
. .
= + 2 =
, () =
+ 7 + 22
2 + 2
2 (1 + 2)2
=
,
4
2
1
(1 + 2)2 1
() =
= = 2.
2
2
2
,

+ =
+ 7 + 22
2 + 2
+ 2 = 4 = 3.
. R
.
[ 8/100]
. R ,
() =
6
E=
.
4R
2
(1999)
2.7. 2004
85
.
.
[ 8/100]
. .
= + 2
(2 2)3
.
3
4:
(A
= 90) = R

= R3. (, R) (, R3).
N :
. R.
[ 4/100]
, = + = R + 3R = 4R
.
= 2R.
(1999)
86
2.
. B
[ 4/100]
= 2,
= 30
= 60.
.
. R.
[ 8/100]

: = = R, = = R 3
.
. , = , () = ().
,
() = () + () = 2 () = = R R3 = R 3.
. R.
[ 9/100]
. , (, )

(, ).
=
R 120 R
=
360
3
(R3) 60 R
=
.
360
2
,
=
E = E () + ()
= + ()
R R
+
R 3
=
3
2
5
= R
3.
6
(1999)
3

3.1
1999
1:
= ( , )
.
= ( , ) O.
) ( )

.
[ 3/100]
.
= + .
,
)
,
,

,
= 1.
[ 5,5/100]
87
3.
88

. = , = ,
=0
+ = 0

= 1

= 1

= 1.
,

)

,

+
cos =
.

[ 4/100]
.
= |
| |
| cos cos =
.
|
| |
|
|
| = + , |
| = +
= + .
+
cos =
.
= (, 1),
. )
= (4, ) 0.

;
. = 1,
. = 3,
. = 2,
. = 2,
. = 3.
.
[ 6,5/100]
.

= 0 4 + ( 1) = 0 ( + 3) =
0 = 3, .
(1999)
3.1. 1999
89
= (3, 1).
)
= (1, 3),
= (2, 23),
.

1.

2.

3.

. /2
. /6
. /4
. 2/3
. 3/4
. /3

.
[ 6/100]
. 1-, 2-, 3-.
2:
o = 2 + 2 = 6 + 7, .
:
)
3 .
[ 9/100]
. :
= (3, )
|3 |
|6 + 6 |6 + 7
|1
= 1.
, 3 .
) 2 10 2.
[ 8/100]
. 2 = 12 + 14 2 2 = 10 + 12 = 10( + 1) + 2,
2.
(1999)
90
3.

) 7, + 2
7.
[ 8/100]
. = 7, .
+ 2 = 8 + 7 = 7(8 + 1) = 7.
3:
(8, 0) (0, 4) .
)
.
[ 9/100]
.
,
=
+ +
= (4, 2).
,
2
2
1
=
2
,
1
= .
2
)
.
[ 9/100]
. = + . =
2 = 2 + 4 = 10.
= 2 + 10.
1
= 2
) .
.
+ MB
= 2OM
MA
[ 7/100]
(1999)
3.1. 1999
91
. (, 2 + 10),
+ MB
MA
= ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )
= (8 ) + (2 10) + + (2 6)
= 10 80 + 200
= 2 + (4 40 + 100)
= 2 + (2 10)
.
= 2OM
4:
1999 . = 1, 2, 3, , 1999
:
( 1) + = 2( + 1).
:
)
.
[ 9/100]
. + (1 + 2) 2 + 1 2 = 0
+ + + + = 0 = (1 + 2), = 2 = 1 2.

+ 4 = (1 + 2) + (2) 4(1 2) = 8 + 12 3 17 > 0
1.
, ,
=
1 + 2
,
2
8 + 12 3
, .
2
)
( ). ;
[ 8/100]
(1999)
3.

92
( 1) + = 0
,
+1=0
. 2 =
0 = 0 = 1.
(1, 0).
) + 1 = 0
.
[ 8/100]
.
.
( 1) + = 2( + 1)
+1=0
( 1) + = 0
+1=0
(),
.
3.2 2000
1o:
.1. ( , )
.
[ 2/100]
. ( ) + ( ) = .
.2. + + A + B + = 0 ;
;
[ 4,5/100]
. + + A + B + = 0 ,
A B
+ 4 > 0. A ,
2 2
+ 4
=
.
2
(1999)
3.2. 2000
93
.3. C + =
( , )
+ = .
[ 6/100]
. = + .
(3.1)
= + = .
C
+ ( + ) = ( + 1) + 2 + = 0.
(3.2)
(3.2) , .
,
=0
4 4( + 1)( ) = 0
+ + = 0
(.)
( ) + = 0
( ) + 2 +
+ 2 +
( + ) = 0
= .
(3.1)
=
+
=
.
= + = +
+ = .
.1.
: + = 10 (1, 3). :
A. + 3 = 10, B. 5 = 8,
. 3 = 10,
1
E. + = 5.
2
[ 4/100]
. 3 + 2 = 3,
. .
(1999)
94
3.

B.2.
.

.

. + 6 + 4 3 = 0
. + ( + 1) = 4

1. (0, 1), = 2
2. (3, 2), = 1
3. (3, 2), = 4
[ 4/100]
. -3, -1.
.3. , .
. (1, 1) + = 2.
. + = 4 = 2 .
. + + = 0, ,
.
[ 4,5/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
2:
= 6+ 0 < 6 .
:
) 2 3 = 6 + 1 = 6 + 5, .
[ 10/100]
. ,
:
(i) = 0, = 6, 2 3, .
(ii) = 1, = 6 + 1 .
(iii) = 2, = 6 + 2 = 2(3 + 1), 2, .
(1999)
3.2. 2000
95
(iv) = 3, = 6 + 3 = 3(2 + 1), 3, .

(v) = 4, = 6 + 4 = 2(3 + 2), 2, .
(vi) = 5, = 6 + 5 .
) () : = 3 + 1, .
[ 10/100]
. ()
:
(ii) = 1, = 6 + 1
= (6 + 1) = 3(12 + 4) + 1 = 3 + 1
= 12 + 4 .
(vi) = 5, = 6 + 5
= (6 + 5) = 3(12 + 20 + 8) + 1 = 3 + 1
= 12 + 20 + 8 .
) () 3.
[ 5/100]
. , () ,
(ii) (vi), = 3 + 1
= 3 + 1, , ,
= 3( ) = 3,
= .
3:
,
3

2
+ 3
= (4, 2)
=
(7, 8).
(1999)
3.

96
= (1, 2)
)
= (2, 2).
[ 7/100]
.
= (1, 2)
3
= (3, 6)

(1, 2) 3
= (7, 8)
= (2, 2).
) ,
+
2
+ 3
.
[ 8/100]
. |
| = (1) + 2 = 5, |
| = 2 + (2) = 8
=
1 2 + 2(2) = 6.

+
2
+ 3
(
+
)(2
+ 3
) = 0
2|
| + 3|
| + (2 + 3)
=0
10 + 24 6(2 + 3) 0
3
= .
4
= (3, 1) ,
)
.

[ 10/100]
=
.
+

//

.

= (, 2), . ,
= ( , )
= 0 + 2 = 0 = 2 .
+ 2 = 3
=
+
(3, 1) = ( + 2 , 2 + )
.
2 + = 1
1
7
= = ,
5
5
14
1 2
14 7
= .
= ,
= , .
5
5 5
5 5
(1999)
3.2. 2000
97
4:
, ( 1) +
(+1)3 = 0, ,
.
)
.
[ 8/100]
. ( )

( + 1) + ( + 3) = 0, ,

+ 1 = 0 + 3 = 0,
(1, 2).
) (2, 2), (1, 5) (1, 3).
, .
[ 4,5/100]
. :
(2, 2) ( 1) 2 + ( + 1) 2 3 = 0 = 1,
= 2.
(1, 5) ( 1) (1) + ( + 1) 5 3 = 0 = 1,
= 1.
1
(1, 3) ( 1) 1 + ( + 1) 3 3 = 0 = ,
3
+ 2 5 = 0.
)
.
[ 6/100]
.
| 2 + 2 2 5|
(, ) =
| (1) + 2 5 5|
(1999)
5
5
(1)
+
2
(1)
+
2
(K, ) < (, ). .
(K, ) =
3.

98
)
.
[ 6,5/100]
.
1 2 1
1 2 1
1
1
1
0 3
() = | 1 5 1 | = | 0 3 0 | = |
| = 3.
2
2
2 2 1
1 3 1
2 1 0
3.3 2001
1o:
.1. , , . :
. |, | .
[ 4/100]
. | |, |( + ).
[ 4/100]
. )
| ( )[ = ]
( )[() = ]
|.
)
| | ( )[ = ] ( )[ = ]
( + )[( + ) = + ]
| + .
(1999)
3.3. 2001
99
.2.
: , 0. :
. (, ) < (, )
. (, ) = (, )
. (, ) > (, )
. (, ) = (, ) + 1
(, ) , .
[ 4,5/100]
. .
.1.
: 7|( + 5) 7|(40 ) :
. 7|( + ),
. 7|( + + 1),
. 7|( + + 2),
. 7|( + 3).
[ 4/100]
. .
.2. 72 112.
[ 4,5/100]
. ( ):
112
72
40
32
=
=
=
=
1 72 + 40,
1 40 + 32,
1 32 + 8,
4 8 + 0.
, (112, 72) = (72, 40) = (40, 32) = 8 (5, 4) = 8.

(1999)
3.

100
.3. 72 112
72 112.
[ 4/100]
. :
8 =
=
=
=
40 32
40 (72 40) = 72 + 2 40
72 + 2(112 72)
3 72 + 2 112.
2:
,

|
| = 1, |
| = 2
,
=
2

= 2
+ 3
,
=
. :
.
3
.
.
[ 5/100]
.
= |
| |
| cos
,
= 1 2 cos = 1 2 = 1.
3
2
. |
|, |
|

.
[ 8/100]
.
|
| = |2
+ 3
|
= |2
+ 3
|
= 4|
| + 12
+ 9|
|
= 4 + 12 + 36
= 213
(1999)
3.3. 2001
101
|
| = |
2
|
= |
2
|
= |
| 4
+ 4|
|
= 1 + 16 4
= 13.
.
[ 7/100]
.
= (2
+ 3
) (
2
|)
= 2|
|
6|
|
= 2 1 24
= 23.
.

.
[ 5/100]
. =
,

= |
| |
| cos = 21313 cos = 26 cos .
cos =
23
.
26
3:
+ 6 + 9 = 0.
. .
[ 7/100]
.
( + 3) = 0 ( + 3 )( + 3 + ) = 0 = + 3 = ( + 3)
= + 3 = ( + 3).
(1999)
3.

102
. .
[ 7/100]
. , , = 1
= 1 1, .
. (, ) > 0 > 0 ,
= (3, )

= (16, 4) .
[ 6/100]
. :

= 1
= 1 = 3 = 1
3
4
= 1 = 4. (3, 4).
16

= 1 = 3

= 1
3
4
= 1
= 1 = 4. (3, 4) ,
16
.
.
, .
[ 5/100]
. = 2 > 0.
,
8
4 = 2 3 = .
3
=
16
.
3
4:
. + + 6 + 8 = 0, , . , ,
.
[Mo 7/100]
(1999)
3.3. 2001
103
. + + + + = 0, = 6,
= 8 = 0.
+ 4 = 36 + 64 > 0,
(3, 4)
= 3 + 16 .
, ,
= 0, = 0 .
. , 3 + 2 = 0.
. , + + 6 +
8 = 0 ,
.
[ 6/100]
. = 3 =
4, + 2 = 0.
+ 2 = 0,
= = 0 .
. , , ,
OB
= 0.
+ + 2 = 0, OA
[ 6/100]
. :
+ 6 + + 8 = 0
+ 6 + ( + 2) + 8( 2) = 0
+ (3 4 + 2) + 2 8 = 0
(3.3)

+ = (3 4 + 2) = 2 8.
, :
OB
=0
OA
+ = 0
+ ( 2)( 2) = 0
2 + 2( + ) + 4 = 0
16 + 4 2(3 4 + 2) + 4 = 0
2(3 + 4 2) = 0
3 + 4 2 = 0.
(1999)
3.

104
3 + 2 = 0 = 1
2
= .
3
. , ()
.
[ 6/100]
. , , (3.3) 4 6 = 0.
= 16 + 24 = 40
, =
4 210
= 2 10.
2

, = 4 10.
0
0
1
1
(OAB) =
| 2 + 10 4 10 1 |
2
2 10 4 + 10 1
1 2 + 10 4 10
|
|
2 2 10 4 + 10
1
=
2 + 10 4 + 10 2 10 4 10
2
= 210.
3.4 2002
1o:
,
.
;
[ 4/100]
.
.
(1999)
3.4. 2002
105
.
.
[ 9/100]
= ( , ),
.
= ( , ) .
(0, 0) ( , ),
OAB,

, O = . ,
B( , ), OA =
+ |OA|
2|OA|
|O|
cos .
= |OA|
|A|
,
= ( ) + ( ) = + 2 + + 2 ,
|A|
= + , |O|
= + .
|OA|
+ 2 + + 2 = + + + 2|
| |
| cos
|
| |
| cos = +

= + .

. , .
. ,
.
,
. det(
,
)
,
// (
,
) = 1.
. , , [, ] = (, )
[, ] , (, )
, .
(1999)
106
3.

. + + A + B + = 0 + 4 > 0
A B
K , .
2 2
[ 8/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
. ( , ).
,
.

) + =
) + = 1
) = 2
)
=1

1. = ( + )
2. + =
+ = 1
4. + = 1
5.
=
6.
= 1.
[ 4/100]
. -2, -3, -1, -5.
2:
. .
[ 5/100]
. = 2 + 1, = 2 + 1, , .
= (2 + 1)(2 + 1) = 4 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 2(2 + + ) + 1 = 2 + 1
= 2 + + . .
. ,
.
( + 1)
2
[ 10/100]
( + 1)
,
.
2
2
, () , + 1
+ 1
( + 1)
.
,
.
2
2
. ,
(1999)
3.4. 2002
107
. ,
.
( + 1)

2
[ 10/100]
. = 2 + 1 , :
( + 1) (2 + 1)(4 + 4 + 2)
=
= (2 + 1) [2( + ) + 1]
2
2
.
3:
= 4. :
. .
[ 6/100]
. = 2
= 2. (1, 0) = 1.
.
2

.
2
[ 10/100]
. + = , ,
.
1+0= =
(O, ) =
2
2
| 0 + 0 + |
+
2
=
2
+
=
= .
2
2
= = = 0 + + 1 = 0.
= = = 0 +1 = 0.
(1999)
3.

108
.
= 1.
[ 9/100]
. ( , ) , = 2( + ) 2 + 2 = 0,
2
= . = 1 1,
2
= 1 = 2.
, ,
= 4 4 = 4 = 1.
(1, 2) + 1 = 0.
4:
+ 2 cos 2 sin 1 = 0, 0 < 2.
. ,
.
[Mo 9/100]
. + + + + = 0, = 2 cos ,
= 2 sin , = 1.
+ 4 = 4 cos + 4 sin + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8 > 0,
K
R =
A B
, = (cos , sin ) 2 2
+ 4 8
=
= 2.
2
2
. = ,
2
(1, 2).
[ 9/100]
. , =

, + ( 1) = 2, (1, 2)
2
1 + (2 1)( 1) = 2 = + 3.
(1999)
3.5. 2003
109
.
(0, 0) = 1.
[ 7/100]
. ( , ) + = cos + sin = 1.
(0, 0)
= 1.
3.5
2003
1o:
,
.

0
=
.
[ 7/100]
.
=
,
, :
=
=
=
=
( +
)
+
+ 0,
. , .

.
(
)
=

.
[ 2/100]
. + = ( , )
+ = .
(1999)
3.

110
[ 2/100]
. (, 0), (, 0) 2

=1
+

= .
[ 2/100]
. , AB
OB.
= OA
AB
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
.
. , 0, ;
[ 5/100]
. . ;
[ 5/100]
.
. | ( )[ = ].
.

.
2:
. :
(1999)
3.5. 2003
111
. = 8 = 2 + 1
.
[ 12/100]
. = 2, ,
= (2) = 8 = 8
= .
= 2 + 1, ,
= (2 + 1) = 8 + 12 + 6 + 1 = 2 + 1
= 4 + 6 + 3.
. ( + 1) .
[ 13/100]
. = 2, ,
( + 1) = 2(4 + 1) = 2,
, = (4 + 1).
= 2 + 1, ,
( + 1) = (2 + 1)(4 + 4 + 2) = 2
= (2 + 1)(2 + 2 + 1).
3: ,
(2 1, 3 + 2), (1, 2) (2, 3)
2.
. ,
.
[ 8/100]
.
= 2 1 = 3 + 2
2
+ 1
=
2
3
+ 1 2
=
2
3
7
3
= + .
2
2
=
3
7
= + .
2
2
(1999)
3.

112
. = 1, :
[ 8/100]
. , (1, 5)
.
[ 9/100]
. ) = 1 (1, 5),
() =
1 5 1
1 5 1
1
1
1
3
0 3
| 1 2 1 | = | 0 3 0 | = |
| = .
1 2
2
2
2
2
2 3 1
1 2 0
)
1
1 2
| 1 2 1 = 0 |
= 0 + 1 = 0.
2 3
2 3 1
(1, 5)
(A, ) =
|1 5 + 1|
1 + 1
3
2
9
( 1) + ( 5) = .
2
4:
: = 2 4 + 2 =
3 , > 0.
. 0,
0,
3
.
2
[ 8/100]
(1999)
3.5. 2003
113
=1
3
3
=
.
4
2
3
3
< , = =
, =
. ,
4
2
3
3
0,
.
0,
2
2
=
K , , .
2
2
[ 8/100]
. .
=
+ 2 = 3 ( ) + 2 3 .
2
= 4
4(3 ) = 16
( ), =
2 4
3 < 0,
= 2 =
> 0, .
2
= , = = , K ,
2
2
, .
2
. K ,
2
.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
114
3.

= + + = 0
2
2
= 1.
3
4 + 2 = 3 + = 0
2
2
= 1.
= 1, .
3.6 2003
1o:
= ( , ) .
.
|
| = + .
[ 9/100]
=
.
. ,

.
, = = .

,
= + |
| = + .
. , .

.
(
),
= 0.
[ 2/100]
(1999)
3.6. 2003
115
. , . | |,
= .
[ 2/100]
. + B + = 0
= (, ).
[ 2/100]
. , 0 =
2
2
= 2.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
.
.

.

. + = 1, > > 0
. = 1, > 0, > 0
. = 2, > 0
. + = , > 0

1.
2.
3.
4.
5. .
[ 8/100]
. -5, -3, -4, -1.
2:
(14, 5) (2, 1).
(1999)
116
3.

.
2 4 = 0.
[ 13/100]
. = + ,
=
1 =
1
=
2
1
2 + = 2.
2
1
= 2 2 4 = 0.
2
. , (4, 0)
(0, 2) .
[ 12/100]
. = 0 = 4 (4, 0).
1
= 0 = 0 2 = 2 (0, 2).
2
3:
5
2, :
. + 2003 5.
[ 12/100]
. , = 5 + 2 = 5 + 2.
+ 2003 =
=
=
=
=
(5 + 2) + ( = 5 + 2) 2003
25( + ) + 20( + ) + 8 2003
25( + ) + 20( + ) 1995
55( + ) + 4( + ) 399
5.
(1999)
3.6. 2003
117
. 8 + 9 5.
[ 13/100]
.
8 + 9 =
=
=
=
8(5 + 2) + 9(5 + 2)
5(8 + 9) + 34
5(8 + 9) + 30 + 4
5(8 + 9 + 6) + 4,
4.
4:
+ 4 + 2 + 3 = 0 (2, 1).
.
(2, 1) = 2.
[ 6/100]
.
4 + 4 + + 2 + 1 + 3 5 = 0 ( 2) + ( + 1) = 2
(2, 1) = 2.
.
(2, 1).
[ 10/100]
. (2 2) + (1 + 1) = 4 0,
. ( , )

( 2)( 2) + ( + 1)( + 1) = 2.
M ( 2)(2 2) + ( + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 = 0
( , )
( 2) + (0 1) = 2 ( 2) = 1 2 = 1
= 1 = 3.
= 1 (1, 0) ( 2) +
+ 1 = 2 + + 1 = 0.
= 3 B(3, 0) 2++1 =
0 + 3 = 0.
(1999)
3.

118
. , ,
.
[ 9/100]
.
2 1 1
1
1
1
1 1
(MAB) = | 1 0 1 | = |
| = 2 = 1.
3 1
2
2
2
3 0 1
3.7 2004
1o:

.
,
. :
= 1.
[ 10/100]
= ( , )
.
= ( , ).
, , 0,
= = .
=0
+ = 0

= 1

= 1.
. .
;
[ 5/100]
.
,
,
, .
(1999)
3.7. 2004
119
. , .
. 0 0, + + = 0 .
[ 2/100]
. = 2, = .
2
[ 2/100]
. , , , , 0. | |,
|( + ).
[ 2/100]
:
. , , ,
(AB) =
1
A).
det(AB,
2
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
= (1, 2)

= (2, 3).
= 5
.
3
.
[ 8/100]
= 5
.
3
= 5(1, 2) 3(2, 3) = (1, 1). ,
|
| = (1) + 1 = 2.
(1999)
3.

120
.
.
[ 8/100]
.
,
tan =
1
3
7
= 1
=
=
.
1
4
4
,

=
3
.
4
. ,
= ( , )
.

[ 9/100]
.

= 0 + 2 = 0 + = 0 = 0 = 1.
3:
= 12 5, .
. .
[ 7/100]
. = 2(63)+1 = 2+1, = 63, .
. 4.
[ 8/100]
. = 4 3 8 + 3 = 4(3 2) + 3 = 4 + 3, = 3 2. ,
3.
(1999)
3.7. 2004
121
. = ( + 15)( 1)
64.
[ 10/100]
.
A =
=
=
=
=
=
( + 15)( 1)
(144 120 + 25 + 15)(144 120 + 25 1)
(144 120 + 40)(144 120 + 24)
8 (18 15 + 5) 8 (18 15 + 3)
64 (18 15 + 5)(18 15 + 3)
64.
4:
3+4+6 = 0 3+4+16 = 0.
. .
[ 7/100]
. , 3
. (2, 0) , 4
. ,
( , ) = (, ) =
|3 (2) + 4 0 + 16|
3 + 4
10
= 2.
5
. .
[ 8/100]
. , , 3
, 3 + 4 + = 0, .
4
, ,
3
(B, ) = (B, )
|3 ( ) + 4 0 + 6|
=
3 + 4
| + 6| = | + 16|
+ 6 = 16
= 11.
|3 ( ) + 4 0 + 16|
3 + 4
(1999)
122
3.

, 3 + 4 + 11 = 0.
.

= 43.
[ 10/100]
. . = 0 3 +4 +6 = 0,
= 2 = 0. = (2, 0).
, .
, = R, = = 23
2
= (, ) =
|3 (2) + 4 0 + 16|
3 + 4
= 2.
,
= + R = (23) + 2 R = 4.

( + 2) + = 16.
(1999)
4

/
4.1
2000
1:
. ) F() = () + (). ,
,
F () = () + ().
[ 8/100]
. F DF
() =
F( + ) F() ( + ) () ( + ) ()
=
+
.
, , ,
. F
F () = lim () = lim
( + ) ()
( + ) ()
+ lim
= () + ().
A. ) ()
, () 0, .
: (), ()(),
()
[o 4,5/100]
123
124
4.
/
= (),
= ()() + () (),
()
()()
()
()() () ()
=
.
()
()
. )
.
()
. +
. + cos
. sin
. 4
( )
1. 1 sin
2. 3 8
3. 2 + 3
4. sin cos
5. 2
6. 3 4
7. sin + cos
[ 8/100]
. -5, -1, -7, -6.

B. )
: () = , 0 :
+

,
:
A. ,
B.

.
, E.
[ 4,5/100]
. .
2:
A.
.
(1999)
4.1. 2000
125
1
10
2
3
50
% N

10
35
1
100
1
4
9

10
[ 16/100]
. :
= 10, = 1 = = 35 10 = 25.
=
10
= 0, 2 % = 20%.
50
25
= 0, 5 % = 50%.
50
= 1 0, 2 0, 5 = 0, 3 % = 30%.
= 0, 3 50 = 15, N = = 50.
:
= 2 25 = 50, = 3 15 = 45,
= 4 25 = 100, = 9 15 = 135,
= 105, = 245.
, :
1
2
3
10
25
15
50
% N
0,2 20 10
0,5 50 35
0,3 30 50
1 100

10
50
45
1
4
9

10
100
135
B. .
[ 4/100]

105
=
= 2, 1. . =
50
25 26 ,
2+2
= 35, =
= 2.
2
(1999)
4.
/
126
. = 0, 49. :
=
1
=
.
=
[ 5/100]
. :
=
1
1
105
= 0, 494.
=
= 245
=
50
50
3:
120 , 24
, 20
12
.
.
:
. ;
[M 8/100]
. :
: .
: .
P(A) =
24
1
20
1
12
1
= , P(B) =
= P(A B) =
=
.
120
5
120
6
120
10
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) =
1 1 1
4
+
= .
5 6 10 15
. ;
[M 8/100]
(1999)
4.1. 2000
127
1
1
1
. P(A B) = P(A) P(A B) =
=
P( ) =
5 10
10
1 1
1
P() P(A B) =
= .
6 10 15
P(A B) ( ) = P(A B) + P( ) =
1
1
1
+
= .
10 15 6
. ;
[M 9/100]
. P(A B ) = P(A B) = 1 P(A B) = 1
4
11
= .
15 15
4:
100 . :

[)
%
0 5
10
5 10
15
10 15
12
15 20
15
20 25
18
25 30
18
30 35
12
. /- 15 ;
[ 5/100]
. , = 100, = %, .
15 + + + = 63 .
. 35 :
) /- 12, 5 ; .
(1999)
128
4.
/
[M 10/100]
) /- ,
;
.
[ 10/100]
. ) 12, 5 /- 22, 5 , + + = 39 .
) , /-
30 , = 12 . /- .
4.2 2001
1:
.1.
:
( ) = () ( ).
[ 8,5/100]
. = AB , (AB)(AB ) = A (AB)(AB ) = .

P(A B) + P(A B ) = P(A)P(A B) = P(A) P(A B).
.2. , (=,,)
:
. ( ) 1 (),
[ 2/100]
. () ().
[ 2/100]
. ) =, ) .
(1999)
4.2. 2001
129
.1. , : .
. () + () < 1.
. () = ( ) 2() = ().
[ 4/100]
. ) , ) .
.2.
5
1
: , () =
() =
( )
4
12
1
4
5
12
2
3
1
. .
6
[ 2,5/100]
. .
.3.
, :
() =
1
1
1
, P(B) = ( ) = .
3
4
5

) P(A B)
) P(B A)
) P(A B)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
[ 6/100]
. -2, -5, -3.
2:
() = cos + sin .
(1999)
130
4.
/
A. () + () = 0.
[ 8/100]
. ,
() = sin + cos , () = cos sin .
, () + () = 0.
.
(0, 1).
[ 8/100]
. (0) = 1 (0) = 1
= 1 + .
. :
2 = 2.
2
2
[ 9/100]
.
2 = 2 (1) + 2 1 = 2 = 4.
2
2
3: ,
80 .
.
() .. F
[45, 55)
0, 2
[55, 65)
0, 5
[65, 75)
[75, 85)
(1999)
4.2. 2001
131
.
, .
[ 8]
. F = 0, 2 = 0, 2 F = F + 0, 5 = 0, 2 +
= 0, 3. , = 2 0, 2 = 0, 4, = 1 (0, 2 + 0, 3 + 0, 4) = 0, 1.
, F = F + = 0, 5 + 0, 4 = 0, 9 F = 1.
. .
[ 9/100]
. = 50, = 60, = 70 = 80.
= + + + = = 64.
. 80 , .
. 65 .
[ 4/100]
. 55
75 .
[ 4/100]
. ,
= : = 16, = 24, = 32, = 8.
, () (), || = 80,
|| = + = 40 || = + = 76. ,
P(A) =
|A| 40
=
= 0, 5
|| 80
P(B) =
|B|
56
=
= 0, 7.
|| 80
(1999)
132
4.
/
4:
,
,
50% 12 , 16%
10 .
.
.
.
[ 6/100]
. , = 12 = 10, = 2.
(1999)
4.2. 2001
133
(1999)
134
4.
/
. .
[ 6/100]
.
CV =
1
1
= > .
6 10
.
. 4. 000, /-
14 16 ;
[ 6/100]
99, 7 95
. [14, 16] = [+2,

+3]

= 2, 35%
2
2, 35
,
4000 = 47 .
100
. , ,
. CV.
[ 7/100]
. = + 5, = 1, , 4000 = + 5 = 17 = = 2.
2
CV = =

17

2 1
5
CV =
=
.
17 6 6 17
4.3 2002
1:
. , , , ,
, ,
.
(1999)
4.3. 2002
135
. , , =
1, 2, , ;
[ 3/100]
. .
. , = 1, 2, , ;
[ 3/100]
.
, = .
. :
i) 0 1, = 1, 2, , .
ii) + + + = 1.
[ 4/100]
. =

> 0 , > 0 = = 1. ,
+ + =
+ +
++
=
= = 1.
.1. ,
( ) = () + ().
[ 8/100]
. , , |A B| = |A| + |B|.
P(A B) =
|A B| |A| + |B| |A| |B|

=
=
+
= P(A) + P(B).
||
||
|| ||
(1999)
136
4.
/
.2. .
.
[ 5/100]
. P(A) =
|A|
.
||
.2.. : i) P(),
ii) ().
[ 2/100]
. P() =
||
||
0
= 1 P() =
=
= 0.
||
|| ||
2:
() =
2
.
+1
. .
[ 4/100]
. +1 0 1.

D = {1} = ( 1) (1, +).
. lim ().
[ 4/100]
. , lim () = (3) =
6 3
23
= = .
3+1 4 2
. .
[ 7/100]
.
() =
2 (2) ( + 1) 2( + 1)
2
=
=
.
+1
( + 1)
( + 1)
(1999)
4.3. 2002
137
. = 2 + 5.
[ 10/100]
. ( , ) , 2
( ) =
.
( + 1)
= 2 + 5 2,
2
= 2 ( + 1) = 1 = 2 = 0.
( + 1)
= 2 D = (2) = 4 = 2 + 8.
= 0 D = (0) = 0 = 2.
3:
10 ,
:
8, 10, 13, 13, 15, 16, 18, 14, 14, 9.
. , .
[ 6/100]
.
=
8 + 10 + 13 + 13 + 15 + 16 + 18 + 14 + 14 + 9
= 13.
10
,
8, 9, 10, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 18,
13 + 14
= 13, 5.
2
, 13 14, 2.
. , .
[ 6/100]
(1999)
138
4.
/
. R = 18 8 = 10.
=
(8 13) + (10 13) + + (9 13)

= 3.
10

CV =
3
= .
13
. 10%,
.
[ 13/100]
. = 0, 9 , = 1, , 10 = 0, 9 = 0, 9 .
0, 9
=
= CV
CV = =
0, 9
4:
,
() + () 2( ).
() = P(A B) P(A B) , .
. P(A B) P(A B).
[ 5/100]
.
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
2P(A B) P(A B)
= P(A B).
(1999)
4.3. 2002
139
P(A) + P(B)
.
2
[ 13/100]
. ()
. ,
() = 3 P(A B) 3 P(A B) .
() 0
P(A B) P(A B) 0
P(A B) + P(A B) P(A B) + P(A B) 0
P(A B) P(A B) 2 P(A B) P(A B) 0
P(A B) + P(A B)
, P(A B) P(A B)
2
P(A) + P(B)
.
2
, :
,
,
P(A) + P(B)
P(A) + P(B)
, +
2
P(A) + P(B)
, 2
P(A) + P(B)
, +, 2
P(A) + P(B)
.
2
. , , (P(A)) = (P(B)).
[ 7/100]
. , , P(A B) = 0 P(A B) =
P(A) + P(B),
(P(A)) = P(A) P(A B) + P(A) 0 = P(B) + P(A)
(P()) = P(B) P(A B) + P(B) 0 = P(A) + P(B) .

.
P(A) = P(B), , .
:-)
(1999)
140
4.
/
4.4 2003
1:
. () = () = 1.
[ 8/100]
.
( + ) () +
() =
=
= 1.
0 ,
.
() = lim () = lim 1 = 1.
.
;
[ 6/100]
. D, , ,
< () < ()
D, , ,
< () > ().
. .
[ 6/100]
.
, ,
, .
(1999)
4.4. 2003
141
. , .
. .
.
.
. ((())) = (()) () , .
. , = .
.
.
[ 5/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
/- , 55% , 40%
/- 30% .

.
:
. .
[ 5/100]
. : :
. P(A) = 0, 55, P(B) = 0, 4
P(A B) = 0, 3.
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) = 0, 55 + 0, 4 0, 3 = 0, 65.
. .
[ 5/100]
. A B = A B , (A B) (A B ) = A (A B) (A B ) = ,
P(A B) = P(A) P(A B) = 0, 55 0, 3 = 0, 25.
(1999)
142
4.
/
. .
[ 7/100]
. B A = A B, (A B) (A B) = B (A B) (A B) = ,
P(B A) = P(B) P(A B) = 0, 4 0, 3 = 0, 1.
. .
[ 8/100]
.
P(A B) = P(A B ) = 1 P(A B ) = 1 0, 25 = 0, 75.
3:
() =
.
1
. : :
. . (1, 1) . {1, 1} . (1, +).
[ 5/100]
. 1 0
().
1.
. () < 0 .
[ 7/100]
.
() =
+ 1
< 0, D.
( 1)
(1999)
4.4. 2003
143
. lim [( + 1) ()]
[ 6/100]
.
( + 1)() = ( + 1)
=
.
( 1)( + 1) 1

lim [( + 1) ()] = lim
1
= .
1 2
. (0, (0)) .
[ 7/100]
. C (0, 1)
0 + 1
(0) =
= 1. 0 <
(0 1)
tan = 1 tan = tan
3
3
=
.
4
4
4:
/
, , (
) ( ) .

1
7
8
14
9
6
5
4
3
12
4
5
(1999)
144
4.
/
. .
[ 6/100]
.
=
1+8+9+5+3+4
=5
6
7 + 14 + 6 + 4 + 12 + 5
= 8.
5
, , 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9
4+5
= 4, 5.

2
, , 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 14
6+7

= 6, 5.
2
. .
[ 5/100]
.
(1 5) + (8 5) + (3 5) + (5 5) + (3 5) + (4 5)
23
=
=
6
3

(7 8) + (14 8) + (6 8) + (4 8) + (12 8) + (5 8)
41
=
=
.
6
, CV =
=

41
23
=
= 0, 554 CV =
= 0, 462.
83
53
CV < CV .
. 20% 5 ,
;
[ 8/100]
. , = 1, 2, = 1, 2 = 1, 2 5 = 6.
, = , + 5 = + 5 = 13.
(1999)
4.5. 2003
145
.
.
[ 6/100]
.
= 1, 2,
, + 5 = = 0, 462.
,
= 1, 2 = 1, 2 0, 554 = 0, 665. , =
, CV =
0, 665
=
= 0, 11
0, 462
=
= 0, 03. CV > CV ,
13
.
CV =
4.5
2003
1:
. ,
:
( ) = 1 ().
[ 9/100]
. A = A = ,

P(A) + P(A ) = P() P(A ) = 1 P(A).
. :
,
( + ) ()
. lim
, 0
.
. lim
( ) ( )
, , 0.
( + ) ( )
. lim
, , 0
.
. lim
( + ) + ()
, , 0.
[ 5/100]
. .
(1999)
146
4.
/
. :
. ,
. ,
. ,
. .
[ 5/100]
. .
. .
[ 6/100]
.
,
, > 0

CV = =
, < 0

2:
() = 1.
. .
[ 5/100]
.
1 0 1 || 1 1 1.
D = (, 1] [1, +).
(1999)
4.5. 2003
147
. , = 3,
32
.
4
[ 10/100]
. 1,
() =
( 1)
2 1
, 3
(3) =
. () =
3
3 1
3
8
3
22
32 32
=
.
22
4
() 3
, 2, lim ().
2
[ 10/100]
. (2) = 3, ()
3.
lim () = (2) =
2
2 1
2
3
23
.
3
3:
30 , 1 30. .

5.
, ,

. (), P(B)
[ 6/100]
(1999)
148
4.
/
. = {1, 2, , 30} A = {2, 4, , 30}

B = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}.
, ,
P(A) =
|A| 15
=
= 0, 5
|| 30
P(B) =
6
|B|
=
= 0, 2.
|| 30
. ( )
[ 6/100]
. A B = {10, 20, 30} P(A B) =

3
1
= .
30 3
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) = 0, 5 + 0, 2 0, 1 = 0, 6.
. ( )
[ 6/100]
. (A B) (A B ) = (A B) (A B ) = , P(A B ) =
P(A) P(A B) = 0, 5 0, 1 = 0, 4,
P(AB ) = P(A)+P(B )P(AB ) = P(A)+1P(B)P(AB ) = 0, 5+10, 20, 4 = 0, 9.
. P(A ) ( )
[ 7/100]
. P(A B) = P() P(A B) = 0, 2 0, 1 = 0, 1
(A B) (A B ) = ,
P(A ) ( ) = P(A B) + P(A B ) = 0, 1 + 0, 4 = 0, 5.
(1999)
4.5. 2003
149
4:
. 50%
65 Kg, 47, 5% 65 Kg
75 Kg.
. , .
[ 6/100]
. = 65 + 2 = 75,
= 5.
= = 65.
. .
[ 6/100]
.
CV =
5
1
1
=
=
<
65 13 10
.
. ,
55 Kg 70 Kg.
[ 6/100]
. [55, 70] = [ 2, + ] = [ 2, ] [, + ]
47, 5 + 34% = 81, 5% .
.
55 Kg 60 Kg 27.
.
[ 7/100]
. [ 2, ] 13, 5%.
,
27 100
13, 5
= 27 =
= 200.
100
13, 5
(1999)
150
4.
/
4.6 2004
1:
. () =
0.
[ 8/100]
( + ) ()
=
= 0.
0 , ,
() = lim () = 0, .
. () =
.
.
[ 5/100]
(1999)
4.6. 2004
151
. D, ,
,
lim () = ( ).
. , .
. .
. 95% ( , + ),
.
.
, .
[ 6/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
. .
.
.

) ,
)
)

1)
2)
3) ( )
4)
.
[ 6/100]
. -4, -2, -1.
2:

() =
4 + 3
3
(1999)
4.
/
152
. .
[ 10/100]
.
[ 0 3 0] 0 3,
D = [0, 3) (3, +).
B. ().
[ 15/100]
. D,
() =
( 4 + 3) + 3
3 + 3
( 1)( 3) + 3
3
= ( 1) + 3
lim () = lim( 1) lim + 3 = 43.
3:
200 ,
5 45 .
:
(.)
[ , )
[5, 15)
[15, 25)
[25, 35)
[35, 45)
( )

(.)
( %)
60
.
(.)
( )
. .
(F %)
68
180
200
100
(1999)
4.6. 2004
153
. .
[ 10/100]
. : = 10, = 20, = 30 = 40.
:
= 200, N = 200, = 20, % = 10. F = 100.
% = 60
= 30, = = 60, F % = % = 30.
% = F % F % = 68 30 = 38, = 38
= 76, N = N + =
60 + 76 = 136.
= = 180 136 = 44 % = 44
= 22 F % =
F % + % = 68 + 22 = 90.
, :
(.) (.) . (.)

[ , )
( )
( %)
( )
( )
( %)
( )
[5, 15)
10
60
30
60
[15, 25)
20
76
38
136
[25, 35)
30
44
22
180
[35, 45)
40
20
10
200
200
100
. ( , %) .
[ 5/100]
(1999)
4.
/
154
. .
[ 5/100]
.
=
10 60 + 20 76 + 30 44 + 40 20
=
= 21, 7.
200
.
25 .
[ 5/100]
. 25 + =
44 + 20 = 64, 64. 000.
4:
5
() = 2 + + 10.
2
P(A) P(B)
,
.
(1999)
4.6. 2004
155
. P(A) =
1
1
P() = .
2
3
[ 9/100]
. () = 6 5 + 1. ,
1
1
, = 25 24 = 1 = , = .
3
2
() 0
1
1
3
2
:
1
1
, , +, ,
3
2
1
1
, , +
3
2
1 1
1 1
, , , ,
3 2
3 2
1
1
547
, =
3
3
54
1
1
83
, = .
2
2
8
P(A) =
1
1
P(B) = .
2
3
2
. P(A), P(B) P(A B) = ,
3
:
i. P(A B)
ii. P(A B)
iii. P[(A B) ]
iv. P[(A B) ( )].
[ 16/100]
. (i) P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B),
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) =
1 1 2 1
+ = .
2 3 3 6
(1999)
156
4.
/
(ii) AB = AB , (AB)(AB ) = A (AB)(AB ) = .

P(A B) + P(A B ) = P(A)
1 1 1
P(A B) = P(A B ) = P(A) P(A B) = = .
2 6 3
1 5
(iii) P((A B) ) = 1 P(A B) = 1 = .

6 6
1 1 1
(iv) (ii), P(B A) = P(B) P(A B) = = .
3 6 6
, (A B) (B A) = ,
P(A B) (B A) = P(A B) + P(B A) =
1 1 1
+ = .
6 6 2
4.7 2004
1:
. ,
() ().
[ 7/100]
. A B, ..
A X = B A X = ,
X = B A.
P(A) + P(X) = P(B) P(A) P(B).
.
. ;
. .
[ 6/100]
. ) , .
) .
(1999)
4.7. 2004
157
. , , .
. lim () = lim () = , lim (() () =
.
. A, () ( ) .
. ()() = ()()+ ()(),

.
. =
1
> 0.
.
( ) = 1 + ().
. .
[ 12/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() =
+2
.
. .
[ 9/100]
. ,
() =
( + 2)
+1
.
=
( )
() 0 1. :
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, +), [1, +)
1, (1) = .
(1999)
4.
/
1
. () + () = .
158
[ 8/100]
. () + () =
+2 +1
1
=
, .
.
(0, (0)).
[ 8/100]
. (0) = (0) ( 0) = + 2.
3:
25 14,
10
11.
. 15
.
[ 12/100]
. , , .

+ + = 11 10 = 110
= 14. :
= 14
+ + + + +
= 14
25
+ + + + + = 14 25
110 + + + = 350
+ + = 240
+ + 240
=
= 16.
15
15
(1999)
4.7. 2004
159
. 25
5000, (CV).
[ 13/100]
. = 14 + + = 5000.
=
=
=
=
=
=
( ) + + ( )
+ + )
25 + ( + + ) 2(
25
+
2
25
+ +
+
25
5000
14 +
25
4.
= 2
CV =
2
1
=
= .
14 7
4:
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
() = + 4 + 2, .
P(1) = P(3) = P(5) = 2P(2) = 4P(4) = 2P(6), :
. P(1), P(2), P(3), P(4), P(5), P(6).
[ 8/100]
.
P(1) = P(3) = P(5) = 2P(2) = 4P(4) = 2P(6) =
P(1) = , P(2) =
, P(3) = , P(4) = , P(5) = , P(6) = .

2
4
2
(1999)
4.
/
160
P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) + P(6) = 1
+ ++ ++ =1
2
4
2
17
=1
4
4
= .
17
P(1) =
2
4
1
4
2
4
, P(2) = , P(3) = , P(4) = , P(5) = , P(6) = .
17
17
17
17
17
17
. ,
: .
: .
[ 8/100]
A = {2, 4, 6} P(A) = P(2)+P(4)+P(6) =
.
5
.
17
B = {1, 3, 5} P(B) = P(1) + P(3) + P(5) =
2
1
2
+ +
=
17 17 17
4
4
4
12
+
+
= .
17 17 17 17
. ,
: .
[ 9/100]
. , () = 2 + 4. , ,
= 4 16 = 4( 2)( + 2).
, () 0,
< 0 2 < 0 < 2 = 1.
= {1}, P() = P(1) =
4
.
17
(1999)
4.8. 2005
4.8
161
2005
1:
.
:
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B).
[ 10/100]
. ,
|A B|
||
|A| |B| |A B|
=
+
|| ||
||
= P(A) + P(B) P(A B).
P(A B) =
.
. ;
[ 3/100]
. ;
[ 4/100]
. ) .
) . (, ).
. , , .
.
() > 0 , .
[ 2/100]
(1999)
162
4.
/

() () + () ()
() =
,
()
, .
[ 2/100]
) .
[ 2/100]
. P(A) > P(B).
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:

:
. :

[4, 8)
[8, 12)
[12, 16)
[16, 20]
(1999)
4.8. 2005
163
[ 11/100]
. :
= 5, = 10, = 25, = 10
N = 5, N = 15, N = 40, N = 50 = 50
=
5
10
25
10
= 0, 1, =
= 0, 2, =
= 0, 5, =
= 0, 2
50
50
50
50
F = 0, 1, F = 0, 3, F = 0, 8, F = 1.
= 6, = 10, = 14, = 18.
, :

[4, 8)
6 5
[8, 12)
10 10
[12, 16)
14 25
[16, 20]
18 10
50
0, 1
0, 2
0, 5
0, 2
1
N
5
15
40
50
F
0, 1
0, 3
0, 8
1
. .
.
=
6 5 + 10 10 + 14 25 + 18 10
=
= 13, 2.
50
. /- 10;
. 10 +
= 5 + 5 = 10.
2
3: ,
, , :
(i)
7
, .
8
(ii) P(B), P(A B)
1 5
3 15
X = , , , = lim
.
2 4
6 + 5
(1999)
164
4.
/
. .
[ 5/100]
. 1, 5
3 15
3( 5)
3
=
=
6 + 5 ( 1)( 5) 1

= lim
3 15
3
3
= lim
= .
6 + 5 1 4
. P(B), P(A B) .
[ 8/100]
5
> 1 4
1 3
. A B P(A) < P(B) < .
2 4
1
3
: P(B) = , P(A B) = .
4
2
.
. :
1. .
[ 6/100]
2. .
[ 6/100]
. P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
P(A) = P(A B) P(B) + P(A B) =
7 3 1 5
+ = .
8 4 2 8
, (A B ) (A B ) = A (A B ) (A B ) = ,

1
P(A B ) + P(A B ) = P(A) P(A B ) = .
8
(1999)
4.8. 2005
165
4: ,
1
() = , (0, +).
. (1, 1).
[ 7/100]
. () =

1
, (0, +). ,
(1) = (1) ( 1) = + 2.
. (, ) ,
, O .
, .
[ 10/100]
1
. M, .
1
() = 2 + , > 0.

() = 21
1
.
() 0
1
> 0
>0
> 0 1.
, :
(1, +), , [1, +)
(0, 1), , (0, 1]
= 1, (1) = 4.
(1, 4).
(1999)
166
4.
/
. () = 5 = 2.
.
[ 8/100]
. Y = + 2, = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
= + 2 = 5 + 2 = 3 = = 2.
4.9 2005
1:
A.1. F(), () () F() = () + ().
, ,
F () = () + ().
[ 9/100]
. F
F( + ) F()
( + ) + ( + ) () ()
=
( + ) () ( + ) ()
=
+
.
0, ,
F
() =
F () = lim () = lim
( + ) ()
( + ) ()
+ lim
= () + ().
A.2.
X, > 0 , < 0;
[ 4/100]
.
CV =

CV =
> 0
,
< 0
, 0.
||
(1999)
4.9. 2005
167
. , .
. .
[ 2/100]
1
. > 0, (ln ) = .
[ 2/100]
. ,
, F , N .
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. ,
() = (), || = ||.
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = ln , , .
. .
[ 3/100]
. > 0, D = (0, +).
(1999)
168
4.
/
. .
[ 5/100]
.
() =
2.
. , (1, 1)
= 3 2.
[ 10/100]
. (1) = 1 ln 1 1 = 1 = 1
(1) = 2(1)1 = + 2.
1
= (1) + (1) ( 1) = ( + 2) 1.
+ 2 = 3 = 1.
. lim ( () ).
[ 7/100]
1
. () = + 2 = + 2 ,

lim( () ) = lim( + 2 ) = 4 + 32 = 36.
3o: ,
50%
20. 81, 5% (16, 22),
: 3, 2, , .
(1999)
4.9. 2005
169
. = 20 = 2.
[ 10/100]
. 50% (, ) (, +).
, = 20.
81, 5% ( 2, + ), = 2.
(1999)
170
4.
/
(1999)
4.9. 2005
171
. , ( , + )
95% .
[ 5/100]
. 95% ( 2, + 2).
= 2.
. R , R
() = ( + 4) + 9.
2
[ 10/100]
. R = 6 = 12.
() = 6 24 + 18.

() = 12 24.
() 2, :
(, 2), , (, 2]
(2, +), , [2, +)
2, (2) = 6.
4:
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
. , , A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
+1
2.
A B = {1, 3, 4}, A B = {2, 6} =
1
(1999)
172
4.
/
. (), (), ().

[ 9/100]
.
|A B|
6
=
= 0, 6
||
10
|A B|
3
P(A B) =
=
= 0, 3
||
10
|A B|
2
P(A B) =
=
= 0, 2.
||
10
P(A B) =
A B = A B (A B) (A B ) = A, (A B) (A B ) = ,
P(A) = P(A B) + P(A B ) = 0, 5.

,
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) P(B) = 0, 4.

|| = 3, P() =
+1
2
1
3
{1, 2, 3}

||
= 0, 3.
||
. , .
[ 3/100]
. || = 5, || = 4, A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} A B = {1, 3, 4},
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 4, }
{5, 7, 8, 9, 10}. ,
B = {1, 3}.
, ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = .
P( ) + P( ) = P() P( ) = 0, 2.
(1999)
4.10. 2006
173
. ,
.
[ 3/100]
. , P( ) + P( ) = P() P( ) = 0, 2. ,

P( ) ( )) = P( ) + P( ) = 0, 2 + 0, 2 = 0, 4.
. , 3, 5, ,
= { > 24}.
[ 10/100]
.
+ 3 + 5
= 3.
3

( 3) + (3 3) + (5 3) 8
= ,
3
3

, P() =
4.10
8
> 24 > 9 > 3 {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.
3
||
7
=
= 0, 7.
|| 10
2006
1o:
A. .
( ()) = (), .
[ 10/100]
(1999)
174
4.
/
.
() =
()( + ) ()() ( + ) ()
( + ) ()
=
=
.
( 0) , ,

()() = lim () = lim
( + ) ()
= ().
B.. , ;
[ 3/100]
. , A B = .
. . ;
[ 4/100]
. , , A
,
lim () = ( ).
. , .
. , A, () ( ) .
[ 2/100]
. , , , .
[ 2/100]
(1999)
4.10. 2006
175
. 0
1
1
= .
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
, 50
.
, :
( ) /- ( )
0
+4
1
5 + 8
2
4
3
1
4
2
50
. .
[ 3/100]
.
+ + = 50 13 + 11 = 50 = 3.
. :
.
[ 7/100]
(1999)
176
4.
/
.
+ +
5
0( + 4) + 1(5 + 8) + 2(4) + 3( 1) + 4(2)
=
5
24 + 5
=
5
77
=
= 1, 44.
50
. .
[ 7/100]
. , .
( )
( ) N
0
7
7
1
23 30
2
12 42
3
2 44
4
6 50
50
25 26 ,
1+1
=
= 1.
2
.
3 .
[ 8/100]
. :
3 , || = 2 + 6 = 8 || = 50,
P(A) =
8
= 0, 16.
50
(1999)
4.10. 2006
177
3o: ,
( + 4) .
. , . .
[ 7/100]
. + ( + 4) = + 9 + 16 .
,
() =
.
+ 9 + 16
= 81 67 = 17,
, =
9 17
2
, > 0, .

D = +
9 17
9 + 17
9 17
, +.
= 0,
2
2
2
1
.

19
100 , ,
.
[ 8/100]
.
=
10 + 16 = 0 = 2 = 8.
+ 9 + 6 19
= 8 8 + (8 + 4) = 152 > 100, .

= 2 ( ), ( + 4) = 36 ( ),
38 .
36
9

= .
38 12
(1999)
4.
/
178
. , ,
;
[ 10/100]
. D
() =
+ 16
+ 9 + 16 (2 + 9)
=
.
( + 9 + 16)
( + 9 + 16)
() 0 [ + 16 0 D] 0 2.
, :
(0, 2), , (0, 2]
(2, +), , [2, +)
2, (2) =
1
.
19
4: ,
() = 2 + + 4 + 10, 0.
.
(1, (1)) , = 2
.
[ 5/100]
. [0, +) (0, +),

2
() = 4 + +
.
(1) = 2 + .
2 + = 0 = 2.
2
() = 2 + 2 + 4 + 10 () = 4 + 2 +
.

= (1) + (1) ( 1) = 14.
(1999)
4.10. 2006
179
.
(4)
= (1) =
. , 13
, 8.
(i)
(10, 16).
[ 10/100]
(ii)
. > 0
,
.
[ 10/100]
. = 14 = 2.
[0, 8], [0, 3].
1 3
1
=
(100 99, 7) = 2000.
2 100
[10, 16] = [ 2, + ] = [ 2, ] [, + ]
1
1
95% + 99, 7% ,
2
2
1
(95 + 99, 7)
= 1630
2
100
.

CV =
1
1
= >
7 20
.
, = +
= 14+ = = 2.
2

, CV =
14 +
2
1
6.
14 + 10
(1999)
180
4.
/
4.11 2006
1:
A. ,
:
P( ) = 1 ().
[ 9/100]
. A A = A A =
P(A) + P(A ) = 1 P(A ) = 1 P(A).
.1
A;
[ 3/100]
.
A A, () ( ).
.2 ;
[ 3/100]
.
.
. , .
. ,
.
[ 2/100]
. (cos ) = sin , .
[ 2/100]
. (CV)
.
(1999)
4.11. 2006
181
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. , .
P() P(A B) P().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = ( + + 9) , .
(2, ) =
+ 3 , :
. = 1 = 6.
[ 12/100]
. (2) = (4 + 2 + 9). , ,
() = ( + + 9) + (2 + ) = + (2 + ) + 9 + .
,
= (2) ( 2) + (2) = (2) + (2) 2 (2)
= (8 + 3 + 9) + (12 4 9).
= + 3 ,
8 + 3 + 9 = 1 12 4 9 = 3.
= 1, = 6.
(1999)
182
4.
/
. .
[ 13/100]
.
() = ( 6 + 9) () = ( 4 + 3).
() 0 4 + 3 0 1 3, :
(, 1) (3, +),
(, 1] [3, +)
(1, 3), [1, 3]
1, (1) = 4
3, (3) = 0.
3o:
.
0, 7 0, 1.
.
.
.
[ 15/100]
. , .
P(A B A B) = 0, 7 P(A B ) = 0, 1.
P(A B) = 1 P(A B ) = 1 0, 1 = 0, 9
P(A B A B) = 0, 7 P(A B) P(A B) = 0, 7 P(A B) = 0, 2.

.
(1999)
4.11. 2006
183
. 0, 6
:
i. ,
ii. .
[ 10/100]
. (A B) (A B ) = A (A B) (A B ) = ,

P(A) = P(A B) + P(A B ) = 0, 2 + 0, 6 = 0, 8.
,
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)0, 9 = 0, 8 + P(B) 0, 2P(B) = 0, 3.
, (A B) (A B) = B (A B) (A B) = ,

P(B) = P(A B) + P(A B)P(A B) = 0, 3 0, 2 0, 1.
4:

2006
:
( ) ( )
[ , )
0, 1
[ , )
[ , )
0, 3
[ , )
10
1

, :
(1999)
184
4.
/
. 2.
[ 10/100]
= 10 7 = 2, ,
2
,
. +
[3, 5), [5, 7), [7, 9), [9, 11)

4, 6, 8, 10.
.
, .
[ 5/100]
.
+ + + = 10, 1 + + 0, 3 + 2 = 1 = 0, 2 = 0, 4,

( ) . ( )
[3, 5)
4
0, 1
[5, 7)
6
0, 2
[7, 9)
8
0, 3
[9, 11)
10
0, 4
.
i. .
[ 4/100]
ii. .
[ 6/100]
.
= = 4 0, 1 + 6 0, 2 + 8 0, 3 + 10 0, 4 = 8.

= ( ) = (4 8) 0, 1 + (6 8) 0, 2 + (8 8) 0, 3 + (10 8) 0, 4 = 4
= 2.
(1999)
4.12. 2007
4.12
185
2007
1o:
A.
( ) = () ( ).
[ 8/100]
. (A B) (A B) = A (A B) (A B) = ,
.
B..
;
[ 4]
. lim
() ( )
.

. () ,
.
[ 3]
. 50%
50% .
1. , .
. , F .
[ 2/100]
. , ,
:
((())) = (()) ().
[ 2/100]
(1999)
186
4.
/
. ( ) = 0 (, ), () > 0
(, ) () < 0 ( , ), (, )
= .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
2. :
() =
, ,
() = ln
, > 0,
() =
, > 0,
() = cos , .
[ 4/100]
1
1
. () = , () = , () =
, () = sin .
2:
() = + 3, .
. () = () + 3.
[ 10/100]
.
() = + = + () 3.
. lim
()
.

[ 15/100]
()
=
=
,

( 1) 1
0, 1.
lim
()
=
lim
=
= 1.
1

01
(1999)
4.12. 2007
187
3o:
= {1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(1) = (0) = (1) = (2) = 2(3) = 2(4) = 2(5).
:
A = {1, 3, 3}, B = {2, + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 1}
.
. , (1),
(0), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5).
[ 7/100]
. (1) = (0) = (1) = (2) = 2(3) = 2(4) = 2(5) = ,
P() = P(1) + P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) =
1
11
(1) = (0) = (1) = (2) =
2
1
(3) = (4) = (5) = .
11
11
. A B = {1, 3}.
. A B = {1, 3} 1 A 1, 3 B.
3 = 1 2 = 0 = 2 = 1.
= 2, +1 = 3, 2 +2 = 6, 2+1 = 3, B = {3, 6, 3}1.

.
= 1, + 1 = 0, 2 + 2 = 1, 2 + 1 = 3, B = {0, 1, 3}.
.
5
7
3
. = 1 : P(A) =
, P(B) =
, P(A B) =

11
11
11
( ) ( ).
[ 10/100]
(1999)
4.
/
188
.
2+1+2
5
= ,
11
11
2+2+2+1
7
P(B) = P{2, 0, 1, 3} = P(2) + P(0) + P(1) + P(3) =
= ,
11
11
3
2+1
= .
P(A B) = P{1, 3} = P(1) + P(3) =
11
11
P(A) = P{1, 1, 3} = P(1) + P(1) + P(3) =
,
P(A B) = P(A B ) = P(A) P(A B) =
5
3
2
=
11 11 11
P(A B ) = P(A) + P(B ) P(A B ) = P(A) + 1 P(B) P(A B ) = =
7
.
11
4:
:
: 12, 18, , , ,
B: 16, 14, , , , .
+ + + = 345.
. = = 15.
[ 7]
.
=
12 + 18 + + + + 30 + 345 375
=
=
= 15
25
25
25
16 + 14 + + + + 30 + 345 375
=
=
= 15.
25
25
25
(1999)
4.12. 2007
189
.
16
, = .
25
[ 8/100]
.
(12 15) + (18 15) + ( 16) + + ( 16)
25
18 ( 16) + + ( 16)
=
+
25
25

(16 15) + (14 15) + ( 16) + + ( 16)
25
2
( 16) + + ( 16)
=
+
.
25
25

S =
16
.
25
1
. CV =
,
15
CV .
[ 10/100]
. :
CV =
1
15
16
1
=
= 1 = 1 = 1
15
25
9
3
=
=
=
15
25
5
1
CV = .
3
(1999)
190
4.
/
4.13 2007
1:
A. () = () = 1.
[ 8/100]
( + ) ()
+
=
= 1.
( + ) ()
= 1.
.
lim
. .
.
[ 4/100]
. A
|A|
P(A) =
.
||
. : i) (), ii)
().
[ 3/100]
. () =
||
||
= 1 () =
= 0.
||
||
1. , .
. , = 1, 2, ,
.
, = 360 ,
= 1, 2, , .
[ 2/100]
. , () 0,
() () () () ()
=
.
()
(())
[ 2/100]
(1999)
4.13. 2007
191
.
() > 0 ,
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
2. :
() = ,
,
1
() = ,
0,
() = sin , ,
() = ,
.
[ 4/100]
. () = , () =
1
, () = sin , () = 0.

2:
() =
.
+ 1
. ().
[ 5/100]
1 1 3
1 3
. + 1 = 2 + + = +
2 4 4
2
4
. D = .
. lim ().
[ 8/100]
. ,
1
lim () = (1) = .
(1999)
4.
/
192
. ()
.
[ 12/100]
. ,
+ 1
.
() =
( + 1)
() 0 + 1 0 1 1,
:
(1, 1) , , [1, 1]
(, 1), (1, +) , ,
(, 1], [1, +)
1
= 1, (1) =
3
= 1, (1) = 1.
3o:
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. ,
:
= { 0 ln( 1) < ln 3}, B = { ( 5)( 1) = 6( 1)}.
. ( ) ( ).
[ 8/100]
.
A
ln 1 ln( 1) < ln 3
11<3
2 < 4.
= {2, 3}
B ( 5 + 6)( 1) = 0 = 1 = 2 = 3
B = {1, 2, 3}.
A B = P(A B) = 0 B A = P(B A ) = 1.
(1999)
4.13. 2007
193
1
. () = , ( ).
4
[ 7/100]
.
P(A B ) = P(A B)
= 1 P(A B)
= 1 P({2, 3})
= 1 P(A)
3
=
.
4
1
1
() = ,
4
8
(X), = .
. () =
[ 10/100]
. ,
X = {1}, X = {1, 2}, X = {1, 3}, X = {1, 2, 3}

1
P(X ) = P(1) = ,
8
1
+ P(2),
8
1
P(X ) = P({1, 3}) = + P(3),
8
1
3
P(X ) = P({1, 2, 3}) = + P(2) + P(3) = .
8
8
P(X ) = P({1, 2}) =
, P(X)
3
1
.
8
8
4:
, , ,
7, 5, , 2, 5, , 8, 6, , 5, 3,
, , < < . ,
= 6, = 6 R = 8 .
(1999)
4.
/
194
. , , , + + = 217.
[ 8/100]
. : = 11,
. ,
,
2, 3, 5, 5, 5
, ,
7, 8, , , .
, , 8 . 2
8, = 10.
, 11 6 = 7 + 5 + + 2 + 5 + + 8 + 6 + + 5 + 3
+ + = 25 + = 15 = 15 .
+ (15 ) + 100 = 217 15 + 54 = 0 = 9 = 6.

= 9 = 6 9 < 6, .
= 6, = 15 6 = 9, = 10.
. , , ,
58

= 11
.
[ 8/100]
.
2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

=
1
58
[(26) +(36) +3(56) +2(66) +(76) +(86) +(96) +(106) ] =
11
11
58
11

CV =
2, 296
=
= 0, 382 > 0, 1
.
(1999)
4.14. 2008
195
. , , , , , ,
. = 9 = 2 ,
.
[ 9/100]
. = + , > 0, , = 1, , 11.
= + = . =
= 3.
4.14
2008
1o:
A. () = (
) 0, () = 0.
[ 8/100]
. () =
() =
( + ) ()
=
= 0.
0 .
() = lim () = 0.
B.
X, > 0 , < 0;
[ 7/100]
. > 0 CV = . < 0 CV =
.
, CV = .
||
(1999)
196
4.
/
. , .
. , ,
( ) = () + () ( )

.
[ 2/100]
. , , ,
.
[ 2/100]
. > 0, () =
1
2
.
[ 2/100]
.
lim sin = sin .
[ 2/100]
. ,

.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:

() =
.
(1999)
4.14. 2008
197
. lim
()
.
1
[ 7/100]
. , D = .
()
( 1)
1
1
=
=
=
1 ( 1) ( 1)( + 1) + 1

lim
()
1
1
= lim
= .
1 + 1 2
. () = 2 .
[ 9/100]
. . ,
() =
1 ( 1)
( )
+ 2
=
( )
() = 2 .
. ().
[ 9/100]
.
() 0
2
0 2.
:
(, 2) , , (, 2]
(2, +) , , [2, )
2, (2) =
1
.
(1999)
4.
/
198
3o:
5
. ( )
:
20 26 24 22 18
26 32 19 20 23
. .
[ 5/100]
.
=
20 + 26 + 24 + 22 + 18 110
=
= 22
5
5
26 + 32 + 19 + 20 + 23 120
=
= 24.
5
5
. 38 40 , ; (
).
[ 5/100]
38
.
=
22
40
1, 73,
= 1, 67.
24
.
. .
[ 7/100]
.
(20 22) + (26 22) + (24 22) + (22 22) + (18 22)
5
4 + 16 + 4 + 0 + 16
=
5
= 8 = 22
(1999)
4.14. 2008
199
(26 24) + (32 24) + (19 24) + (20 24) + (23 24)
=
5
4 + 64 + 25 + 16 + 1
=
5
= 22.
.
. 11 3, 3.
[ 8/100]
.
CV =
22
22
=
= 1, 42, CV =
=
= 0, 2.

22

24
CV < CV , .
4:
50% , 30%
.
. / , , ;
[ 7/100]
. :
A. / .
. / .
P(A) = 0, 5 P(A B ) = 0, 3.

P(A B) = P(A B ) = 1 P(A B ) = 1 0, 3 = 0, 7.
(1999)
200
4.
/
.
: / , .

1
1
P(B) .
5
10
[ 9/100]
.
A B B A B P(A B) P(B) P(A B) 0, 2 P(B) 0, 7.
.
1
() = + P(B)
2

. () .
[ 9/100]
. , ,

() = 3 + P(B).

= 1 12P(B) 1 12 0, 2 = 1, 4 < 0.

, , () > 0.
, .
4.15 2008
1o:
A. ,
.
(() + ()) = () + ().
[ 9/100]
(1999)
4.15. 2008
201
. +
( + )( + ) ( + )()
( + ) + ( + ) () ()
=
( + ) () ( + ) ()
=
+
.
, ,
. + , +

( + )( + ) ( + )()
( + ) ()
( + ) ()
= lim
+ lim
= () + ().
( + ) () = lim
B. . , , ,
X.
[ 3/100]
.
( ) + + ( )
=
.
. ;
[ 3/100]
. , A B = .
. , , .
. ,
10%.
(1999)
202
4.
/
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. ,
lim () = , lim (()) = , .
[ 2/100]
.
() < 0 , .
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:

70. ,
:
( ) ( )
[20, 40)
[40, 60)
[60, 80)
[80, 100]
:
( )

20 40
40 60, ,
80 100 108.
(1999)
4.15. 2008
)
= =
203
1
5
3
, =
= .
10
10
10
[ 10]
. = , = 70, = 108 . = 30, = 50, = 70, = 90.
108
: = 360 =
=
= 0, 3.
360 360
:
+ + + = 1 2 + + 0, 3 = 1
= + + +
70 = 30 + 50 + 70 + 90
70 = 80 + 70 + 27
80 + 70 = 43.
, = = 0, 1 =
0, 5.
. 50, :
i. .
[ 5/100]
ii.
60.
[ 5/100]
iii.
50 70.
[ 5/100]
= = 5, = 25, = 15.
, :
. =
(1999)
204
4.
/
( ) ( )
[20, 40)
30
5
[40, 60)
50
5
[60, 80)
70
25
[80, 100]
90
15
:
50
( )
0, 1
0, 1
0, 5
0, 3
1
60 + = 25 + 15 = 40
.
1
1
1
50 70 + = 0, 6 = 0, 3, 30%
2
2
2
.
3o:
0 < < 1. (), ( )
( )
{ 1, , + 1, , }.
. () = , ( ) = ( ) = .
[ 9/100]
.
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
P(A B) P(A) P(A B).

0 < < 1,
1 < < + 1 < < .
, P(AB), P(A), P(AB) .
, ,
P(A B) = 1, P(A) = , P(A B) = + 1.
+1 = +P(B)(1) P(B) = ,
P(B) = P(A) .
P(A B) = , P(A) = , P(A B) = .
(1999)
4.15. 2008
205
. () = + .
[ 8/100]
. .
. ( ) > ( ).
[ 8/100]
.
(A B) (A B) = B (A B) (A B) =
P(A B) + P(A B) = P(B) P(A B) = P(B) P(A B) = + .
(A B ) (A B) = A (A B ) (A B) =
P(A B ) + P(A B) = P(A) P(A B ) = P(A) P(A B) = .

0 < < 1 < = < 0
P(B A) P(A B) = P(A B) P(A B ) = 2( ) > 0.
4:
200 m
. .
.
.

1
() = 100
2
.
[ 6/100]
. , 0 < , < 200
+ 2 = 200 = 100 .
2

() = = 100 = 100 .
2
2
(1999)
206
4.
/
. 200 m.
[ 7/100]
. , (0, 200)
. () = 100 ()
100.
, :
(0, 100) , ,
(0, 100]
(100, 200) , ,
[100, 200)
100, (100) = 5000.
, 5000 .
. (100), (101), (102), (103)

(104).
[ 5/100]
. ( ) :
=
=
=
=
=
(104) = 4
(103) = 3
(102) = 2
(101) = 1
(100) = 0
4 3 2 1 + 0
= 2.
5
. CV (100), (101), (102),

(103) (104) CV , 2.
, CV = 2CV.
[ 7]
(1999)
4.16. 2009
207
. , X = +, = 1, , 5.
= + = . :
CV = 2 CV
4.16
=2
+
2( + ) =
2(2 + ) = 2
= 1.
2009
1o:
A.

( ) = () + ().
[ 10/100]
. P(A B) = P(A) +
P(B) P(A B). , , A B = ,
P(A B) = 0.
B. , , , X
( ),
( = 1, 2, . . . , ).
[ 5/100]
.
, = .
. , .
. ,
()() = () () + ()().
[ 2/100]
(1999)
4.
/
208
. , ,
A B = A B .
[ 2/100]
. () = sin (sin ) = cos .
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
, = 1, 2, 3, 4
, = 1, 2, 3, 4.
= 3 .
= 4.
2
3
5
8
6
3
4
. = 7.
[ 9/100]
. :
=
+ + +
+ + +
4(13 + ) = 12 + 3 + 15 + 32
= 7.
(1999)
4.16. 2009
209
. 4, 9.
[ 9/100]
. ( ) ( ) :
( )
2
6
4
3
7
1
5
3
1
8
4
16
20
( )
24
7
3
64
98
= ( ) 98
=
= 4, 9.
20
. X .
4, 9 2, 2.
[ 7/100]
.
. :
4, 9
CV = 100% =
100% = = 50, 1% > 10%.
4
, .
3o:
() = 6 + 7, ,

2 () + () + 15 = 3 , .
. = 9.
[ 7/100]
. , () = 3 12 + () = 6 12.
, :
2(6 12) + (3 12 + ) + 15 = 3 = 9.
(1999)
4.
/
()
. lim
.
1
210
[ 8/100]
()
. () =
1. :
1
() =
3 12 + 9 3( 1)( 3) 3( 3)
=
=
.
1
( 1)( + 1)
+1
,
lim () = lim
3( 3)
= 3.
+1
. ,
= 3.
[ 10/100]
. A = ( , ( ))
.
= 3, ( ) = 3.
3 12 + 9 = 3 = 2
(2) = 8 24 + 9 7 = 14.
(2, 14).
= ( ) + ( ) ( ) = 3 8.
4: ,
() = ln + 6 + 2, > 0
2
.
.
.
.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
4.16. 2009
211
. .
[ 6/100]
. > 0, + . ,
() =
1 1 2
=
.
2
2
() 0 2 0 2.
, :
(0, 2) , , (0, 2]
(2, +) , , [2, +)
= 2,
(2) = ln 2 1 + 6 + 2.
. (2), (4), (8), (3) (5)

.
. R ,
1
R = 3 + ln = ln 4 + 6.
4
[ 7/100]
. = {1, 2, 3, , 100}
.
,
= { | R + < 2}.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
212
4.
/
. :
= (8) = 3 ln 2 2 + 6
1
= (5) = ln 5 + 6
2
= (4) = 2 ln 2 + 6
1
= (3) = ln 3 + + 6
2
= (2) = ln 2 + 1 + 6.
)
R = = ln 2 + 1 3 ln 2 + 2
= 2 ln 2 + 3
= ln 1 ln 2 + 3
1
= ln + 3.
4
,
= = ln 4 + 6.
) :
A
R + < 2
6 + 3 < 2
6 + 5 < 0
1<<5
{2, 3}.
A = {2, 3}.
, P(A) =
2
|A|
=
= 0, 02.
|| 100
4.17 2009
1o:
A. , ( ) = 1 ().
[ 9/100]
(1999)
4.17. 2009
213
. A, A AA = AA = .

P(A) + P(A ) = P() P(A) + P(A ) = 1.
B.
. . A;
[ 3/100]
. , , , X , .
[ 3/100]
. ) A
.
)
,
+ +
=
.
. , .
. ,
lim () = , 1,
lim () = .
[ 2/100]
. () = , , () = .
[ 2/100]
.
50% 50%
.
[ 2/100]
(1999)
214
4.
/
. R, 6R.
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = 8, .
. lim () = 7, .
[ 5/100]
. . 1 lim () =
8. lim () = 7, 8 = 7 = 1.
. = 1.
i. lim
()
.
2
[ 10/100]
ii.
= 2.
[ 10/100]
. (i) () = 8. :
8
()
=
= + 2 + 4
2
2

lim
()
= lim( + 2 + 4) = 12.
2
(ii) () = 3 . (2) =
0 (2) = 12. 2
(2) = (2) ( 2) = 12( 2).
(1999)
4.17. 2009
215
3o:
, , , =
72 () , , , , = 3 .

50 30.
. , = 1, 2, 3, 4.
[ 10/100]
.
=
50
360 =
72 = 10
360
30
360 =
72 = 6.
360
= + + + 72 = 10 + 6 + + 3 = 14
= 3 = 42.
. .
[ 8/100]
. :
360 =
=
360 =
14
360 = 70
72
42
360 = 210.
72
. < 7, = 7, = 3 > 3. 10R+72 = 52

R, , , .
[ 7/100]
(1999)
4.
/
216
. 36 37 ,
+
=
= .
2

10 + 6 + 14 + 42 10 42 + 42 + 42 10 + 42
=
=
=
.
72
72
72
R = .
,
10R + 72 = 10 10 + 10 + 42 = 52 = 52.
4: ,
4
() = + , (0, 1),
> 2.
A.
.
.
[ 8/100]
. ()
3 (0, 1).
[ 5/100]
. (0, 1] . 8
() = .
() 0
2
2
8
2
:
2
2
, 1 , 1
2
2
0, 0,
2
2
= , = = 3 .
, (0, 1], () 3 .
(1999)
4.17. 2009
217
B. = {1, 2, , } ,
P(A) +
= 3
P(A)
|| = 9 8 () ||
.
1
. () = .
5
[ 7/100]
. (
1
) = , .
6
[ 5/100]
. ) :
P(A) +
= 3
P(A)
(P(A)) = ( )
P(A) = ,
2
P(A) = .
P(A) =
|A| 9 8
=
||
9 8 2
=
9 8 = 2 9 10 = 0.
= 121
,
, P(A) =
20
9 11
= 10,
= 2
=
2
1 < 2, .
2
1
= .
10 5
) A B = A B
A = (A B ) (A B), = (A B ) (A B).
(1999)
218
4.
/
:
P(A) = P(A B ) + P(A B)
1
1
= P(A B ) +
5
6
1 1
P(A B ) =
5 6
1
P(A B ) = .
30
P(A B) = 1 P(A B ) = 1
1
29
= .
30 30
4.18 2010
:
1. , , , X , . ,
, , .
.
[ 7/100]
.
( ) + + ( )
( + + )

=
=
= 0.
2. , , , X
, , , (), .
[ 4/100]
.
=
= + +
=
.
=
+ +
(1999)
4.18. 2010
219
3. .
.
[ 4/100]
.
.
4. , .
) , ,
lim () () = lim () lim ().
) > 0 () =
1
.
)
= (),
( ) = ( ).
) , , <
( ) < ( ).
) ,
.
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
B:
() = 2 + 1 1, .
1.
() (1)
.
1
[ 10/100]
. + 1 > 0, ,
1 3
1 3
1
+ 1 = 2 + + = + > 0.
2
4 4
2
4
(1999)
220
4.
/
() = 2 + 1 1 = 2
( + 1)
2 + 1
0=
2 1
+ 1
() (1)
211
= (1) =
= 1.
1
1 1 + 1
2. = 0.
[ 10/100]
. A(0, (0))
201
= 1.
(0) =
0 0 + 1
B3.
.
[ 5/100]
.
tan = 1 tan = tan
3
= =
.
4
4
4
:
, , 160 ,
, , :
([ , )) ( ) ( )
[0, )
20
[ , )
6
40
[ , )
45
[ , )
30
[ , ]
25
160
(1999)
4.18. 2010
221
1. 4.
[ 6/100]
. 6,
+
= 6 = 4.
2
2. , .
[ 8/100]
. = , + = + .
2
= 0, = , + = , + = + .
, :
([ , )) ( ) ( )
[0, 4)
2
20
[4, 8)
6
40
[8, 12)
10
45
[12, 16)
14
30
[16, 20]
18
25
160
, :
([ , )) ( ) ( )
[0, 4)
2
20
40
[4, 8)
6
40
240
[8, 12)
10
45
450
[12, 16)
14
30
420
[16, 20]
18
25
450
160
1600
= 1600
=
=
= 10.
160
( ) , :
(1999)
222
4.
/
( )
1280
640
0
480
1600
4000
([ , )) ( ) ( )
[0, 4)
2
20
40
[4, 8)
6
40
240
[8, 12)
10
45
450
[12, 16)
14
30
420
[16, 20]
18
25
420
160
1600
=
= ( )
4000
=
= 5.
160
3. .
[ 5/100]
.
5
CV = 100% =
100% = 50%
10
10%, .
4. , :
7 14 .
[ 6/100]
.
[7, 14], P[7, 14].
[7, 14] = [7, 8) [8, 12) [12, 14]
[7, 8), [8, 12) [12, 14] .

P[7, 14] = P[7, 8) + P[8, 12) + P[12, 14].
:
1 40
10
1
P[4, 8) =
=
,
4
4 160 160
45
P[8, 12) =
,
160
2
2 30
15
P[12, 14] = P[12, 16) =
=
.
4
4 160 160
,
10
45
15
7
P(A) = P[7, 14] =
+
+
= .
160 160 160 16
P[7, 8) =
(1999)
4.18. 2010
223
: ,
, (), ()
1
() = ln( P(A)) ( P(A)) + P(B), > P().
2
1.
.
[ 13/100]
. (P(A), +) ,
,
1 P(A)
1
() =
( P(A)) =
.
P(A)
P(A)
() 0
1 P(A) 0, > P(A)
P(A) 1
1 P(A) 1
P(A) 1 P(A) + 1.
, :
P(A), P(A) + 1, ,
P(A), P(A) + 1
P(A) + 1, +, ,
P(A) + 1, +.
= P(A) + 1,
P(A) + 1 = ln 1
1
1
1 + P(B) = + P(B).
2
2
(1999)
4.
/
5
2. = ( ) =
3
2
1
0, P(A) = P(B) = .
3
2
224
[ 2/100]
.
P(A) + 1 = 5
3
1
+ P(B) = 0
2
P(A) = 2
P(B) = 1
5
3. 2 P(A B) =
6

, .
[ 5/100]
.
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) =
3 1 5 1
+ = .
5 2 6 3
5
3. 2 P(A B) =
6
, .
[ 5/100]
.
P(A B) (A B) = P(A B ) (A B) = P(A B ) + P(A B)
(A B ) (A B) = .
P(A) = P(A B ) (A B) = P(A B ) + P(A B)
P(A B ) = P(A) P(A B) =
2 1 1
= .
3 3 3
(1999)
4.19. 2010
225
P(B) = P(A B) (A B) = P(A B) + P(A B)
P(A B) = P(B) P(A B) =

, P(A B) (A B) =
4.19
1 1 1
= .
2 3 6
1 1 1
+ = .
3 6 2
2010
:
1. ,
(()) = (), .
[ 9/100]
.
() =
() ( )
()() ()( )
=
.

, ,

() () = lim () = lim
() ( )
= ( ).

2.
;
[ 3/100]
.
, ,
< () > ().
3. ;
[ 3/100]
.
/ .
(1999)
226
4.
/
4. , .
) , ,
) lim cos = cos .

)

.
) ,
.
) () = { , , , } ,
() = ( ) + ( ) + + ( ).
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
B:
60 10 20 .
:
[14, 16) 144.
.
48 /- 16
6 /- 18, :
1. .
(1999)
4.19. 2010
[ , )
227
( )
( )
( ) ( %)
:
. = 144 360 = 144 = 0, 4 = 24
% = 40%.
6
, = 6 =
= 0, 1 % = 10%.
60
, + + = 48 2 + 24 = 48 = = 12 =
= 0, 2 20%.
, + + + + = 60 = 6 = 0, 1 10%.
, :
( )
[10, 12)
11
[12, 14)
13
[14, 16)
15
[16, 18)
17
[18, 20]
19
:
( )
12
12
24
6
6
60
( ) ( %)
0, 2
20
0, 2
20
0, 4
40
0, 1
10
0, 1
10
1
100
2. .
[ 6/100]
.
=
11 12 + 13 12 + 15 24 + 17 6 + 19 6 864
=
= 14, 4.
60
60
B3. /- /- 10 14.
[ 4/100]
. [10, 14) + = 24 .
(1999)
228
4.
/
4.
17.
[ 5/100]
. [17, 20]
+ % = 15% /-.
2
:
= { , , , }
+1
= { , } = { , }. ( ) =
+4
1
( ) =
, :
2
1. ( ) = () ( ) = ().
[ 6/100]
. = = , ( ) = () ( ) =
().
2. = 4.
[ 10/100]
. = = , :
P(A) + P(B) = 1
+1 1
+
=1
+4
2
3 4 = 0
= 1 () = 4 ().
3. .
[ 4/100]
. P(A) =
+1 5
1 3
= P(B) =
= .
+4 8
2
8
4. A B .
[ 5/100]
. P(A B ) = P(A B) = 1 P(A B) = 1.
(1999)
4.19. 2010
229
:
, , , , .
() =
1.
1
, , 0.
300
.
[ 5/100]
. , .

() =
3
300

100
0, .
.
2. = .
[ 6/100]
. () = 0 = , .

() =

1
() =
50
50
1
> 0.
50
, , .
() = 0.
() = 0, () =
3. (0) = 1, CV .
[ 8/100]
.
(0) = 1
CV =
()
= 1 = 10
100
1
=
=
.
10 10
(1999)
230
4.
/
4. ( ), ( ), , ( )
1

.
100
[ 6/100]
.
( ) + + ( )
1
( ) + ( ) + + ( )
1
=
=
=
.
100
100
100
(1999)
5

/
5.1
2000
1o:
A1.
,
( , ( )).
[M 4/100]
. = ( ) + ( ) ( ).
2. ,
, .
[ 8,5/100]
. () =
D
() ( )

() = ( ) + () ( ).
,
.
231
232
5.
/
lim () = ( ) + lim () lim ( )
= ( ) + ( ) 0
= ( ).
.
1. , .
. ,
.
. , .
. , .
[ 4,5/100]
. ) , ) , ) .
2.

.
()
. () = 3 , = 1
. () = sin 2, =
. () = 3||, = 0
. () = , = 4
()
1. = 2 +
2. = (1/4) + 1
3. = 9 6
4. = 9 + 5
5.
[ 8/100]
. -3, -1, -5, -2.
2:
() =
.
2 +
, 2,
2
(1999)
5.1. 2000
233
.
= (9 5),
[ 6/100]
=
2
(9 5)
3
[Mo 6/100]
. :
= (9 5)
2(9 5) +
=
9 + 5 2
2
= 3
3+
(2 )(3 )
= 3
(3 + )(3 )
3
=
(1 ).
2
3
32
| | = 1 + (1) =

2
2
cos Arg =
Arg =
2
2
sin Arg = =
2
2
3 7
+ =
.
2
4
4
1
32
7
7
32 2
1
2
cos
=
+ sin
= 3 .
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
:
=
2
(9 5)
3
2
=

3
1
1
2
=
3 2004 2004
3
2
2
= 2
(1002 1002)
= 2 (1002 1002).
(1999)
234
5.
/
0
2 | |
0 | | | | 3
().
: :
. M =
. =
.
.
. =
. =
2
.
3
[ 5/100]
.
M=
32 1 0
0 2 32 1 0
0
2 | |
2
=
0 | | =
0 1 =
0 1
3
3
3 2
2
T , T(, ) = (, ),
. .
. (),
= ,
= .
2
[ 8/100]
.
=
cos sin
0 1
.
=
sin cos
1 0
,
1 0
1 0
1 0
M =
=
= I ,
0 1
0 1
0 1
(1999)
5.1. 2000
235
= . ,

MX = K
M X = MK
X = MK
1 0
0 1
X=
0 1
1 0
X=
0 1
.
1 0
3:
[0, 1]
() > 0 (0, 1). (0) = 2 (1) = 4, :
. = 3
(0, 1)
[ 7/100]
. () = () 3 [0, 1]
(0) (1) = ((0) 3)((1) 3) = (2 3)(4 3) <, 0
Bolzano (0, 1) ( ) = 0, ( ) =
3.
. (0, 1),
( ) =
(1/5) + (2/5) + (3/5) + (4/5)

.
4
[ 12/100]
. [0, 1], [0, 1].
= 1, , 4, 0 <
< 1 = 1, , 4, (0) < < (1)

5
5
1
2
3
4
4(0) < + + + < 4(1)
5
5
5
5
1
2
3
4
+ + +
5
5
5
5 < (1).
(0) <
4
(1999)
5.
/
236
[0, 1], (0, 1)

1
2
3
4
+ + +
5
5
5
5 .
( ) =
4
. (0, 1),
( , ( )) = 2 + 2000.
[ 6/100]
. () = () 2 [0, 1]
(0, 1), () = () 2.
(0) = (0) 2 0 = 2 (1) = (1) 2 = 2
Rolle (0, 1) ( ) = 0, ( ) =
2. C 2,
= 2 + 2000,
.
4:
= 0 . () =
, 0,
1 + ( )
. 15
6 .
. .
[ 15/100]
. () =
+ .
() =

( + )

() 0 .
, :
(1999)
5.2. 2001
237
(0, ), , [0, ]
(, +), , [, +)
.
, = 6
(1) = 15 = 5.
.
12 ,
.
[ 10/100]
.
() 12 15 + 36 0.
= 81 12
3.
3 12.
5.2
2001
1o:
A.1. , . | | = | | | |.
[ 7,5/100]
. = + + , , , ,
| | = |( + ) ( + )|
= |( ) + ( + )|
=
( ) + ( + )

2 + + + 2 +

( + ) + ( + )

+ +

= | | | |.
(1999)
5.
/
238
.2. , : :
. || = ,
. || = ,
. || = ||,
. || = ||,
. || = ||.
[ 5/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
.1. = 3 + 4 = 1 3,

.

1. | |
2. | |
3. | |
4. | |
5. | |

. 4
. 2
. 25
. 5
. 2
. 5
. 10
[ 7,5/100]
. 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-.

1
.2. || = 1, = .
[ 5/100]
.
1
|| = 1 || = 1 = 1 = .
(1999)
5.2. 2001
239
2:

,
3
() = 1
, > 3.
3
. , = 1/9.
[ 9/100]
. 3 () = , lim () = 9.
1
> 3 () =
lim+ 1 = lim+ (3) =
3
0, DLH
1
1
lim+
= lim+
( 3) = lim+ = 1.
= lim+
3
( 3)

1
lim () = lim () = (3) 9 = 1 = .
. C
(4, (4)).
[ 7/100]
. (3, +)
() =
1 ( 3) + 1 ( 3)
( 3)
( 3) + 1 ( 2) + 1
=
.
( 3)
( 3)
4 (4) = 1 (4) = 2 + 1,
= (1 ) + (2 + 1)( 4) = (2 + 1) + 7 3.
(1999)
5.
/
240
.
, = 1 = 2.
[ 9/100]
.
7
1
1
1
|()| = = =
= .
9
9
39
27
3:
,
, :
() + () + () = 2 + 6 1
, , < 3.
. .
[ 10/100]
.
3 () () + 2() () + () = 3 4 + 6,
3 () + 2() + () = 3 4 + 6.
(5.1)
3 4+6 = 414 < 0, , 3 4+6 0.

, 3 () + 2() + ( ()) = 4
12 = 4( 3) < 0, , 3 () + 2() + 0.
, (5.1) , () 0.
Fermat .
. .
[ 8/100]
. ,
3 4 + 6 > 0 3 () + 2() + > 0 .
(5.1) , () > 0. .
(1999)
5.2. 2001
241
. () = 0
(0, 1).
[ 7/100]
. () = 2 + 6 1.
, [0, 1], (0) (1) = 4 < 0.
Bolzano (0, 1) ( ) = 0.
,
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = ( ) = 0,
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0.
(5.2)
( ( )) ( ) + ( ) +
1
= 4 < 3 4 = < < 0.
3
, , ( )+( )+ > 0. (5.2) ( ) = 0.
, , , .
4:
,
, o :
i) () 0,
ii) () = 1 2 (), .
() =
.
1
,
()
. () = 2 ().
[ 10/100]
. = = , = 0 = 0 = 1 = .
()
=
()
=
(),

(ii)
() = 1 2 ().
(1999)
(5.3)
5.
/
242
, () ,
,
() = 2 ().
. .
[ 4/100]
.
() =
2 ()
()
2
=
2 = 0,
()
()
.
. () =
1
.
1 +
[ 4/100]
. () = ,
1
1
= () =
.
()
+
= 0 (5.3) (0) = 1 2 0 = 1
0=
, () =
1
= 1.
+ 0
1
.
1 +
. lim+ () sin 2.
[ 7/100]
.
() sin 2 =
lim+
||
sin 2 =
| sin 2|
1+
1+
1 +
||
= 0, lim+ () sin 2 = 0.
1 +
(1999)
5.3. 2002
5.3
243
2002
1o:
A. [, ]. G [, ],
() = G() G().
[ 12/100]
. () G . ,
(5.4)
[, ], () = G() + .
5.4 = 0 = G() + , G() = . ,

5.4 =
() = G() + = G() G().
.1. () = sin .
() = cos .
[ 8/100]
. sin() = sin cos sin cos .
+

=
=
2
2
+

sin sin = 2 cos
sin
.
2
2
,
sin sin

2 cos +
sin
+ sin
= cos
.
2
() =
, .

sin
+
( ) = cos lim
lim
= cos 1 = cos .
(1999)
5.
/
244
.2. , , .
. [, ] (, ],
f [, ] .
[ 1/100]
. , 11 , .
[ 1/100]
. lim |()| = 0,
lim () = 0.
[ 1/100]
. ,
() = () ().
[ 1/100]
. lim () > 0, () > 0 .
[ 1/100]
. ) , ) , , ) , ) .
2:
() = , .
. (3) + (8) + (13) + (18) = 0.
[ 7/100]
.
(3)
(8)
(13)
(18)
=
=
=
=
= = ,
= ( ) = (1) = ,
= ( ) = (1) = ,
= ( ) = (1) = .
(3) + (8) + (13) + (18) = 0.

(1999)
5.3. 2002
245
. || = Arg() = ,
(13) = sin
+ + cos + .
2
2
[ 8/100]
.
(13) =
= (cos + sin )
= ( sin + cos )
= sin + + cos + .
2
2
,
3
0,
(13).
. || = 2 Arg() =
[ 10/100]
.
= 2 cos
1
3
+ sin = 2
+ = 3 + ,
3
3
2
2
(13) = = (3 + ) = 1 + 3 0 = 0 + 0.

A(3, 1), B(1, 3) (0, 0).
0
0 1
1
(OAB) =
| 3 1 1
2
1 3 1
0
0
1
| 3 1
=
2
1
3
|
1
0 |
1 3 1
|
|
2
1
3
1
|3 + 1|
=
2
= 2.
=
(1999)
246
5.
/
3:
, . 11.
. 11.
[ 7/100]
. , :
() = () (()) = (()) ( )() = ( )() = ,
11.
.
(() + ) = (() + 2 1)
.
[ 18/100]
. 11,
(() + ) = (() + 2 1)
() + = () + 2 1
3 + 1 = 0.
() = 3 + 1, () = 0.
, , () = 3 3
() 1 || 1 1 1.
:
(, 1) . () < (1),
() (, 3). 0 ,
(, 1) ( ) = 0 .
(1, 0) . (0) < () < (1),
1 < () < 3, () (1, 3). 0 ,
(1, 0).
(0, 1) . (1) < () < (0),
() (1, 1). 0 , (0, 1)
( ) = 0 .
(1, +) . () > (1),
() (1, +). 0 ,
(1, +) ( ) = 0 .
, , ,
.
(1999)
5.3. 2002
247
4:
. , [, ]. () >
() [, ],
() > ().
[ 2/100]
. H, G ,
A() = H() G(), [, ].

() = H () G () = () () < 0, [, ].
, () > ().
() () = () () = A () = A() () < 0.
. i) ,
() () = 1, (0) = 0.
.
[ 5/100]
. , :
() () () = 1 () 1 + () = 1 () =
. ii)
1
.
1 + ()
< () < (), > 0.

2
[ 12/100]
< ():
2
() > 0, . ,
. > 0 , () > (0),
1
() > 0, () > = 1. () > .
2
.
(1999)
5.
248
/
() = < (). ,
2
1
() = () < 0, .
2
, A() < A(0) < ().

2
() < ():
.
:
() ( )

+( )
+()
=

()
( )
=
() =
. iii) , = 0, = 1 ,
1
(1)
<E<
.
4
2
[ 6/100]
. E = (). ()
(),
< E < ().

2
1
= =
2
4 4
() = () () () = (1) () = (1) E.
1
< E < (1) E
4

1
(1)
< E < (1) EE <
.
4
2
(1999)
5.4. 2002
5.4
249
2002
1:
. ) ,
.
[ 8,5/100]
. () D,
() = ( ) + () ( ).
, .

lim () = ( ) + lim () lim ( ) = ( ) + ( ) 0 = ( ).
)
( , ( )).
[ 4/100]
. ( ) = ( ) ( ).
B. ) = + 0, || = ,

= (cos + sin ).
[ 8,5/100]
. (, ) = +
. (0, 0) ,
, ,
= = ||, cos =
OB
AB
= , sin =
=
= .
OA ||
OA OA ||
: = + = + = (cos + sin ).
(1999)
5.
/
250
) : = (cos + sin ), = (cos + sin ) , = ,

1) = + = 0.
2) + = 0 = + 2, .
3) = = 2, .
4) = 0 + = 2, .
[ 4/100]
. 3.
2:
= 1 2 = 3 + 4.
)
= + , , , = 1 = 2.
[ 8/100]
.
3 + 4 (3 + 4)(1 + 2) 5 + 10
=
=
=
= 1 + 2.
1 2 (1 2)(1 + 2)
5
+ = 1 + 2 = 1 = 2.
+ + 2 = 0, , ,
[ 8/100]
.
= 1 + 2 ,
(1 + 2) + (1 + 2) + 2 = 0
3 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 0
(3 + 2) + (4 + 2) = 0
3 + 2 = 0 4 + 2 = 0
1
= 2 = .
2
(1999)
5.4. 2002
251
)

| 2 | = | |.
[ 9/100]
. = + , , ,
| 2 | = | |
|( + ) 2(1 2)| = 3 + 4
|( 2) + ( 4)| = 3 + 4
( 2) + ( 4) = 5 .
(2, 4) 5.
3:
() = 2 + 4 +
1
.
2 + 4
)
.
[ 7/100]
1
. C = 0 = (0) = 2 0 + 4 +
=
20+4
1 17
17
4 + = . , A0, .
4
4
4
,
(2 + 4)
2
2
() = 2
.
= 2
= 2
(2 + 4)
(2 + 4)
2( + 2)
(0) =
17
15
, (0) =
, C
4
8

15
17
17 15
= ( 0) = + .
4
8
8
4
)
.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
252
5.
/
. :
lim () = , lim+ () = +,
= 2 C .
:
lim () = , lim () = +,
C .
:
lim () (2 4) = 0, lim () (2 + 4) = 0,
= 2 + 4 C .
:
)
, = 0, = 1.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
5.4. 2002
253
E = |() 0|
2 + 4
1 (2 + 4)
2
+
4
+
2 2 + 4
+ 4 + ln(2 + 4)
2
1
5 ln 6 ln 4
2
1 3
5 ln .
2 2
= 2 + 4 +
=
=
=
=
4:
(0, +)
(1) = 0
() 2() = , (0, +).
)
() =
(0, +).
()

[ 7/100]
. ,
() =
1
() () () 2 () 2()
=
=
.
=
( )
() > 0, (0, +),

(0, +), .
) .
[ 8/100]
(1999)
5.
/
254
.
() =
1
1
1
() = +
1
()
= +
() = , .
(0) = 1 1 = 0 = 1, () = .
)
lim
()
(ln )
.
[ 10/100]
. (), (ln )
lim () = lim 1(ln ) = 0, de lHpital
lim
()
(ln )
DLH
()
lim
lim
()
2 ln
lim

2 ln
lim
=
DLH
=
=
(ln )
2
ln
1
1
lim
2 ln
1
( 1)
, lim( 1) = lim ln = 0
lim
2 ()
1
lim
2
1
.
2
(1999)
5.5. 2003
5.5
255
2003
1o:
A.
, .
[ 8/100]
. () =
D.
() ( )

() = ( ) + () ( ).
,
,
lim () = ( ) + lim () lim ( ) = ( ) + ( ) 0 = ( ).
.
. ;
[ 7/100]
. :
() ()
[, ] (, ), (, ) () =
.
(, ())
C .
(1999)
256
5.
/
. , .
. , || = || =
| |.
[ 2/100]
. . () > 0
, .
[ 2/100]
. ,
() = () + , .
[ 2/100]
. ,

.
[ 2/100]
.
. ( ) = 0,
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
= + , , = 3 + 4,
.
(1999)
5.5. 2003
257
. () = 3 + 4 () = 3 .
[ 6/100]
.
= 3( + ) ( ) + 4
= 3 + 3 + 4
= 3 + + 4 + ( + 3).
() = 3 + 4 () = 3 .
.
= 12,
= 2.
[ 9/100]
.
() = () 12
+ 3 = 3 + 4 12
= 2.
= 2.
. , = 2, .
[ 10/100]
.
|| =
= + ( 2)
= 2( 1) + 1
2 0 + 1
= 2.
= 1 = 1 2 = 1.
= 1 .
3:
() = + + .
(1999)
5.
/
258
.
.
[ 6/100]
. ,
() = 5 + 3 + 1 () = 20 + 6.
(), , = 18 < 0,
, () > 0.
() 0 20 + 6 0 2(10 + 3) 0 0.
, :

(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +)
0, (0, 0).
, , 11, .
. ( ) (1 + ) .
[ 6/100]
. () = 1. ,
() = 1.
() 0 0.
, :
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +)
0.

() (0) 1 0
+ 1
( ) ( + 1).
(1999)
5.5. 2003
259
.
(0, 0)
.
[ 5/100]
. C 0 (0) = 1
(0) = 0. 0 = 1( 0)
= , C C .
.
, = 3.
[ 8/100]
.
()
E=
().
= (), :
= 0 () = 0 ( + + 1) = 0 = 0,
, + + 1 > 0
= (3) () = (3) = 3, 11
() = (()) =
= ().
,
()
E =
()
= ()
= () () ()
= 3(3) ( + + )

+
= 3(3) +
6
4
2
3 3
3
= 3(3 + 3 + 3)
6
4
2
25
= = .
12
(1999)
260
5.
/
4:
[, ], (, ). () = () = 0
(, ), (, ) () () < 0, :
. () = 0 (, ).
[ 8/100]
. [, ] [, ] () () < 0.
Bolzano (, ), (, ).
. , (, ) ( ) < 0 ( ) > 0.
[ 9/100]
. , (, ) (, ),
( ) () ( ).
, , Fermat,
( ) = ( ) = 0.
, (), ().
( , ) ( ) 0. ,
( ) > 0.
[ , ]:
[ , ] ( , ). , ( , )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) =
=
< 0.

[ , ]:
[ , ] ( , ). , ( , )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) =
=
> 0.

.
.
[ 8/100]
. [ , ] ( ) ( ) < 0.
Bolzano, ( , ) () = 0. , (, ())
.
(1999)
5.6. 2003
5.6
261
2003
1o:
A. . F , :
. G() = F() + ,
. G G() = F() + ,
.
[ 10/100]
. )
G () = F() + = F () + () = F ().
) G ,
, F () = G ()
F () = G ()
F() = G() + , .
. , .
. , ,
| | | | | + | | | + | |.
[ 2/100]
. (, ),
, . () > 0
(, ) () < 0 ( , ), ( )
.
[ 2/100]
. 11,
, A
= ( ) = ( ).
(1999)
262
5.
/
[ 2/100]
. , ,
() () = () () () ().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
. =
;
[ 7/100]
. = C , lim =
+ lim = .
2:
. || = 2 () 0.
[ 12/100]
. = + , , ,
(, )
+ = 2 0
+ = 4 0.
(0, 0) 2
, (2, 0), (2, 0)
.
(1999)
5.6. 2003
263
. ,
1
4
, = +
2
.
[ 13/100]
. = + , , , :
1
4
= +
2
2 = + 4
2( + )( + ) = ( + ) + 4
2( ) + 2( + ) = + 4 + 2

( ) + ( + ) =
+ 2 +
2
2
+2

2
2
+ =
, . :
D=

= + = 4,

D = 2 2 + 2 =
+ 2 + = ( + + 4) = 8 = 4,
2
2
2
2
+ 2 = + 2 = ( + 4) = 0 = 0.
D =
2
2
2
2
2
2

D
D
= =
= 0.
D
D
,
+
4
|| 2
2 2.
2 2 = 0.
(2, 0), (2, 0).
(1999)
5.
/
264
3:
() = + 1 .
. lim+ () = 0.
[ 5/100]
. +, > 0. = || = ,
() = + 1
=
+ 1 + 1 +
+ 1 +
= + 1
+ 1
=
+ 1 +
1
.
=
+ 1 +
+
lim () =
1
lim+ + 1 + lim+
= 0.
. ,
.
[ 6/100]
. () + 2 = + 1 + =
lim () (2) = lim
1
+ 1
1
+ 1
, .
= 0,
= 2 C .
(1999)
5.6. 2003
265
. () + 1 + () = 0.
[ 6/100]
. ,

() =
+ 1
2 + 1
1=
2
2 + 1
1=
+ 1
+ 1
()
+ 1
() + 1 + () = 0.
.
1
= ln(2 + 1).
+1
[ 8/100]
. ()
1
()
=
,
+ 1
()
()
1
+1
()
= ln ()
= ln ()
= ln (1) + ln (0)
= ln(2 1) + ln 1
1
= ln
+0
2 1
2 + 1
= ln
2 12 + 1
2 + 1
21
= ln 2 + 1.
= ln
(1999)
266
5.
/
4:
,
() = (2 ) () 0 .
. .
[ 8/100]
. , (
), ,
.
, , () > 0, , () < 0. ,
.
. 11.
. () = 0 .
[ 8/100]
. = 0 (0) = (2), (0) (2) = (2) < 0.
[0, 2]. Bolzano,
[0, 2].
11.
()
. ()
, 45.
. () =
[ 9/100]
.
() =
=
() ()
()
()
()
()
1
()
, () = 0
=
()
() ()
1
=
, () = 0.
()
(1999)
5.7. 2003
267
, . ,

() = lim () = lim
1
() ()
1
lim
= ()
= 1.
()
()
, C (, 0)
, () = tan 0 < . tan = 1 tan =
tan
= .
4
4
5.7
2003
1:
) A ,
. 11;
[ 5/100]
. A 11, , ,
() ().
) .
() = 0 x ,
.
[ 12/100]
. , , ,
. , (
, + ), = | |,
( ) = 0 lim
() ( )
= 0() = ( ).

, , () = ( ).
, .
(1999)
268
5.
/
) ,
.
1. + = + ,
2. = ,
3. | | > | | | |,
4. | | = .
, .
[ 8/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:

() =
3,
2 + 1 >
4
) = .
3
[ 5/100]
.
4
5
lim () = 3 = ,
/
3
3
4
5
lim + () = 2 + 1 = ,
/
3
3
4/3 .
4/3.
4
) = .
3
[ 10/100]
. .
4
< ,
3
4
5
4
() 3 +

3 =
3 =
3 = 1,
() =
4
4
4

+
+
3
3
3
(1999)
5.7. 2003
269
4
>
3
4
5
8
() 2 + 1 +
2 +
3 =
3 =
3 = 2.
() =
4
4
4

+
+
3
3
3
4
,
3
.
4
.
3
)
4
, ()
3
1
() + () = .
2
[ 10/100]
4
. , 3
1, <
() =
2, >
:
1
() + () =
2
1
3 1 = , <
2
1
2 + 1 + 2 = , >
2
9
= , <
2
5
= , >
2
3:
() =
+
, .
(1999)
5.
/
270
.
) |()| = |()|,
[ 6/100]
.
|()| = |()|
+
+
=
| + | | + |
=
||
||
| | + | = || | + |
| + | = | + |, || = || 0
| + ( + 1)| = | + ( + 1)|, = +
| + ( + 1)| = | + ( + 1)|
+ ( + 1) = + ( + 1)
+ 2 + 1 = 2 + 1
=0
= .
) |()| = 1,
.
[ 9/100]
.
|()| = 1
+
=1
| + | = ||
| + ( + 1)| = | + |, = +
+ ( + 1) = +
( + 1) =
1
= .
2
1
() = .
2
(1999)
5.7. 2003
271
) (()) = 2, , .
[ 10/100]
. = + , ,
() =
+ ( + 1) + ( + 1) ( ) + ( + 1) ( + 1)
+
.
=
=
+
( + )( )
+
+
(()) = 2
+ ( + 1)
=2
+
+ ( + 1) = 2 + 2
+ = 0
1
1 1
+ 2 + =
2
4 4
1
1
+ = .
2
4
1
0,
2
1
.
2
4:
, (0) = 0
(0, +).
) > 0 (0, ) () =
().
[ 6/100]
. [0, ] (0, ).
(0, )
() =
()
() (0)
() =
() = ().
0
(1999)
5.
/
272
)
() =
()
+ , > 0
11 (0, +).
[ 10/100]
. , (0, +)
() =
()
()
+ ( ) = () + ( ) = 0 + =
(0, +), () > 0. , 11

(0, +).
) () = + + , I =
( + 1).
[ 9/100]
.
() =
()
()
+ + + =
+ () = + .
I =
( + 1) + ( + 1)
( + 1) ( + 1) +
1)
( +
( +
+
7
3
+ .
=
7
7
3
3
=
( + 1) ( + 1)

1)
5.8 2004
1o:
A.
. , ( ) = 0.
(1999)
5.8. 2004
273
[ 10/100]
. , ,
() ( )
, () ( ). () =

> () 0, lim+ () 0
< () 0, lim () 0.
, ,
0 lim () = lim+ () 0.
( ) = 0.
.
;
[ 5/100]
. D,
() ( )
() =
.

. , .
. .
[ 2/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = lim () = .
[ 2/100]
. , ,
:
( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ).
(1999)
5.
/
274
[ 2/100]
. , .
() > 0 , .
[ 2/100]
. [, ]. G
[, ],
() = G() G().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = ln .
. ,
.
[ 10/100]
. > 0, D = (0, +).

() = (2 ln + 1).
() 0
[ 0 2 ln + 1 0] [ 0 2 ln + 1 0]
1
1
0 ln 0 ln
2
2

[ 0 ] [ 0 ]
0 , .
, :
(0, ), , (0, ]
(1999)
5.8. 2004
275
( , +), , [ , +)
( ) =
1
.
2
. .
[ 8/100]
. () = 2 ln + 3.
() 0 2 ln 3 .
, :
(0, ), (0, ]
( , +), [ , +)
( ) =
3
.
2
. .
[ 7]
. D, ()

R =
1
.
2
1
, +.
2
3:
() = (),
3
(0) = = 0.
2
(1999)
5.
276
/
3
. 0,
2
() = ().
[ 8/100]
3
3
. 0, 0,
2
2
() = () + ().
3
3
(0) = (0) = (0) = 0 = = 0 = 0.

2
2
3
(0) = .
2
3
Rolle 0, () =
2
0 () = ().
. () = 2 3,
I() = (), .
[ 8/100]
(1999)
5.8. 2004
277
I() = ()
= (2 3)
= ( ) (2 3)
= (2 3) (2 3)
= (2 3) (4 3)
= (2 3) ( ) (4 3)
= (2 3) (4 3) + (4 3)
= (2 3) 3 + (4 3) + 4
= (2 3) 3 + (4 3) + 4
= (2 3) 3 + (4 3) + 4(1 )
= (2 7 + 1) + 1.
. lim I().
[ 9/100]
. lim (2 7 + 1) = + lim ( ) = 0,
1
lim = + . ,
de lHpital, :
lim I()
=
DLH
=
=
DLH
=
=
2 7 + 1
+1
(2 7 + 1)
lim
+1
( )
4 7
+1
lim
(4 7)
lim
+1
( )
4
lim + 1

1.
lim
(1999)
278
5.
/
4:
(1) = 1.

1
() = ||() 3 + ( 1) 0,
= + , , , :
.
.
[ 5/100]
. , () 1 . , , ,
1
1
() = ||( ) 3 3 + 1 = 3|| ( ) 3 + .
1
. N || = + .
[ 8/100]
. (1) = 0 , () 0, , () (1).
1 , Fermat, (1) = 0. ,
1
1
3|| 1(1) 3 + = 0 || = + .
1
. () ( ) = .
2
[ 6/100]
.
1
| + 1|
|| = + || =
|| = | + 1|,
||
(1999)
5.9. 2004
279
= + ,
|| = | + 1| | + | = |( + 1) + 2|
+ =
( + 1) + 4
( + ) = ( + 1) + 4

+ + 2 = + + 1 2 + 2 2 + 4
2 2 = 1
1
= .
2
1
( ) = = .
2
. (2) = > 0, (3) = > ,
(2, 3) ( ) = 0.
[ 6/100]
. (), < 0,
( )( + ) < 0. > 0, + < 0,
< < 0.
, [2, 3] (2) (3) = < 0.
Bolzano, (2, 3) ( ) = 0.
5.9
2004
1o:
A. .

() = 0 ,
.
[ 9/100]
. , , = | |.
, ( , + ).
() = 0 lim
() ()
= 0 () = ().
, .
(1999)
280
5.
/
. , .
.
, .
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. , , .
[ 2/100]
. C C O .

= O
[ 2/100]
. ,
lim
() =
lim (),
() 0 , 2.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
.
(, ) [, ].
[ 6/100]
. (, ), (, ) lim ()
(), lim () = ( ).
[, ], (, )

,
lim () = () lim () = ().
(1999)
5.9. 2004
281
2:
() = 2 + 4 5 , ,
> 0.
. () 0 .
[ 13/100]
. ,
() = 2 ln 2 + ln 4 ln 4 5 ln 5.
, () (0), 0 .
Fermat
(0) = 0
2 ln 2 + ln 4 ln 4 5 ln 5 = 0
ln 2 + ln 2 ln 2 ln 5 = 0
ln = ln 2 + ln 5 = 0
ln = ln 10
= 10.
. = 10,
, = 0 = 1.
[ 12/100]
.
E = ()
= (2 + 10 4 5 )
10
4
5
2
+
ln 2 ln 10 ln 4 ln 5
1
9
3
4
=
+
ln 2 ln 10 ln 4 ln 5
9
3
4
1
+
=
ln 2 ln 10 2 ln 2 ln 5
1
9
4
=
+
.
2 ln 2 ln 10 ln 5
=
(1999)
5.
/
282
3:
[, ] [, ] ()
0 [, ] () 0, () 0 |()| >
|()|.
1
1
+ = () + = (), :
. || = 1.
[ 11/100]
. = + ,
+
1
+ 1
=
( + ) + 1
=
+
[( + + 1) + 2]( )
=
( + )( )
[( + 1) + 2 ] + [2 ( + 1)]
=
.
+
1
= () ,
1
+ = 0
2 ( + 1) = 0
( + 1) = 0
+ = 1, = () 0
|| = 1.
. () < ().
[ 5/100]
.
1
1 1
() = + = + 2 + = () 2,

() < ().
(1999)
5.9. 2004
283
. ()+() = 0 (1, 1).

[ 9/100]
. () = () + () [1, 1]
(1) (1) = () + () () + () = () + () < 0,
(). , Bolzano (1, 1)
() + () = 0.
4:
[0, +) ,
() =
+ 2(2).
2
. (0, +).
[ 7/100]
. F .
2(2) = (2) (2)
= F(2)
= F(2)
= F() F(0).
, [0, +)
( + ) ()
(+)

F( + ) F()
=
+
2 +
F( + ) F()
=
+
2
F( + ) F()
= + +
.
2
0, . ,
[0, +)
() =
F( + ) F()
= + ().
() = lim () = lim + + lim
(1999)
5.
/
284
. () = ( + 1).
[ 7/100]
.
() () = () () ( ) =
() () ( )
()
=
()
= .
=
= + ()
= +
=
= + ,
= ( + 1 ).
, () = ( + 1 ). , (0) = 0 = 1,
() = ( + 1).
. () [0, +).
[ 5/100]
. () = 1 [0, +), () > 0.
. = 0.
. lim+ () lim ().
[ 6/100]
. [0, +), .
, , lim+ () = +.
(1999)
5.10. 2004
5.10
285
2004
1:
. . F , :
G() = F()+, ,
.
G
G() = F() + , .
[ 10/100]
. F , G G() = F() +
,
G () = F () + () = (),
G .
F, G , :
F () = G () = ()
G() F() = 0
G() F() = ,
G() = F() + , .
B. ,
A. () ,
( );
[ 5/100]
. () ( ),
, () ( ).
(1999)
5.
/
286
. :
.
[ 2/100]
. .
. :
,
.
[ 2/100]
. .
. :
sin = cos + .
[ 2/100]
. .
. :

.
, .
[ 2/100]
. .
. :
11 C, C
. C C
= .
[ 2/100]
. .
(1999)
5.10. 2004
287
2:

,
0
() = + , 0 < < 1
1 + ln ,
1
, .
)
.
[ 8/100]
. 0 1
lim () = (0) = 0, lim+ () =
lim () = + , lim+ () = (1) = 1.
0 1
lim () = (0) = lim+ () = 0
lim () = lim+ () = (1) + = 1 = 1.
) , = 1 = 0, :
i)
lim+
()
.
[ 9/100]
. +, > 1,
1 ln
() 1 + ln
=
= +
.
1
=0
+
lim
(1999)
5.
/
288
lim+ = lim+ ln = + ,
de lHpital
ln
(ln )
1
= lim
= lim = 0.
+
+ ()
+
lim

lim
()
1
ln
= lim + lim = 0 + 0 = 0.
+
+
ii)
lim+
() (1)
() (1)
, lim
.
1
1
[ 8/100]
. 1+ , > 1, () = 1 + ln ,
() (1) 1 + ln 1 ln
=
=
.
1
1
1
lim+ ( ln ) = lim+ ( 1) = 0 , DLH
lim+
ln
( ln )
() (1)
= lim+
= lim+
= lim+ (ln + 1) = 1.
1
( 1)
1 , 0 < < 1, () = ,
() (1) 1
=
= 1,
1
1
lim
() (1)
= lim 1 = 1.
3:
=
.
+1
(1999)
5.10. 2004
289
) ,
= 1.
[ 10/100]
. = + , , , 0 1, :
=
+1
+
+ 1 + 2
( + )( + 1 2)
=
( + 1 + 2)( + 1 2)
=
( + 1) + 2 + ( + 1) 2
.
( + 1) + (2)
( + 1) + 2
( + 1) 2
=
+
.
( + 1) + (2) ( + 1) + (2)
() = 0
( + 1) 2 = 0
( + 1) = 0
+ = 1 = 0
|| = 1 .
) , ,
3
=
.
+1
3
[ 10/100]
. ,
:
3
=
+1
3
3
3
( + 1) + 2
3
+ = 1 = 0.
=
3
( + 1) + (2)
:
(1999)
290
5.
/
(i) = 0,
( + 1) 3 +
3

=
3 3 + 3 = 0.
=
3
+1
3
( + 1)
, = 3 < 0.
(ii) + = 1 = 1 ,
2 + 2(1 )
3
3
3
=
233 = 0 = 0 =
=
.
3
2
(2 ) + 4 (1 )
23
3
= 0 = 1, = , . =
,
2
1
= .
2
,
=
3 1
3 1
+ , =
.
2
2
2
2
) , (),

=
( )
.
4 + ( + )
[ 5/100]
. + = 3 =
1
3
+ = 1. ,
2
2
=
1
4 + (3)
= 1 .
4:
= (0, +)

() = 1 +
1
(), .
+1
(1999)
5.10. 2004
)
291
(1).
[ 3/100]
. = 1,
(1) = 1 1 +
1
() = 0.
1+1
) () = 3 1.
[ 10/100]
. () . ,
1
, 1 ,
+1
.
() = 2
1
1
().
() +
+1
( + 1)
() = ( + 1)() + 1,
() = 2
( + 1)() + 1
( + 1)
()
1
()
= 2
+
+
+1 +1 +1
= 2 + 1
= 3 1.
1
()
+1
.
[ 6/100]
3
. () = 3 1, () = + .
2
3
1
(1) = 0 0 0 + = 0 = .
2
2
3
1
() = .
2
2
(1999)
292
5.
/
)
, = 2 = 4.
[ 6/100]
.
E = |()|.
3
1
= 4 1
2
2
1/3, [2, 4].
() =
E = ()
1
3
=
2
2
1 1
=
2
2
2
= = 21.
5.11 2005
1o:
A.1 ,
[, ].
[, ]
() (),
() ()
(, ) , ( ) = .
[ 9/100]
. () = () D = D = [, ].
[, ]
()() = () () < 0
(), (), .
, Bolzano, (, ) ( ) = 0,
( ) = .
(1999)
5.11. 2005
293
.2 = +
+;
[ 4/100]
. = +
+,
lim () ( + ) = 0
B. , .
. [, ] () < 0 (, )
() = 0, () > 0.
[ 2/100]
. lim (()+()), lim ()
lim ().
[ 2/100]
.
= ,
.
[ 2/100]
. lim () = 0 () > 0 , lim
1
= +.
()
[ 2/100]
.
,
() = () ()
.
[ 2/100]
(1999)
5.
/
294
.
,
, .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
, , | | = | | = | | = 3.
. =
9
.

[ 7/100]
. , 0, | | 0.
| | = 3| | = 9 = 9 =
=
9
.

9
9
, = .

+ .

[ 9/100]
. ()
1

= =

=
.
9
+ + ( )
+
=
=
=
.

9
9
9
(1999)
5.11. 2005
295
.
1
| + + | = | + + |.
3
[ 9/100]
.
| + + | = | | + | | + | | + 2( ) + 2( ) + 2( )
= 3 81 + 92( ) + 2( ) + 2( )
= 9| | + | | + | | + 2( ) + 2( ) + 2( )
= 9 | + + | .
3:
() = , > 0.
. .
[ 3/100]
. () = .
, () > 0 .
. ,
, = . .
[ 7/100]
. ( , ) .
( ) = ( )( ) = ( 1).
(0, 0) = 1 : = .
1
1
= = = . , .
(1999)
5.
/
296
. () ,
,
,
2
() =
.
2
[ 8/100]
.
() = |() | = ( ) =
,
/
/
1
1
= =
2
2
1
= 1,
, = , = , = 0 = 0, =
1
1
= = ( 1).

() =
. lim+
2
1
1
( 1) =
.
2
2
()
.
2 + sin
[ 7/100]
.
1 sin 1 1 2 + sin 3
2 2(2 + sin ) 6
1
1
1
6 2(2 + sin ) 2
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
6
2(2 + sin )
2
( 2)
()
( 2)
.
6
2(2 + sin )
2
,
( 2)
( 2)
= + lim
= +,
+
+
6
2
lim
(1999)
5.11. 2005
297

()
= +.
+ 2(2 + sin )
lim
4:
,
2 () = () (0) = 0.
. () = ln
1 +
.
2
[ 6/100]
.
2 () = () 2() () =
2() = ( )
2() = + ,
+
() =
2
+
() = ln
.
2
(0) = 0 = 1
() = ln
. N
1 +
.
2
lim
( )
sin
.
[ 6/100]
. lim ( ) = 0 lim sin = 0,

de lHpital:
lim
( )
sin
= lim
(0)
0
= lim
= 0.
cos
cos
(1999)
298
5.
/
.
2007
. () = () () =
() = () .
[ 7/100]
. ,
() = () () = ()
[, ], .
:
() = ()
= () + ()
= () + ()
= () + ()
= () + ().
() = () + ()
= () + ()
= () ()
1 +
1 +
ln
2
2
1 +
=
ln
1 +
1 +
= ln
1 +
1 +
= ln +
= ln
=
ln
= .
() = ,
, () = ().
(1999)
5.12. 2005
299
.. () = () + . (0) = 0, (0) = 0, = 0,
, () = ().
() =
1
2008
(0, 1).
[ 6/100]
.
() =
1
1
1
() =
=
.
2008
2008
2007 2008

() =
.
2007 2008
[0, 1],
(0) (1) =
1
1
1
< 0.
2007 2007 2008
Bolzano, () = 0, , (0, 1).

, [0, 1]
() = > 0
. .
5.12
2005
1o:
A.1 () = . (0, +)
() =
1
2
(1999)
300
5.
/
[ 9/100]
. (0, +)
( + ) ()
+
=
+ + +
=
+ +
() =
+ +
+ +
1
=
.
+ +
0, .
(0, +)
() = lim () = lim
1
+ +
1
2
.2 A 11;
[ 4/100]
. A 11,
, , A,
() ().
B. , .
. , 0,
.
(1999)
5.12. 2005
301
[ 2/100]
. (, )
. (, ) ( , )
, ( , ( )) .
[ 2/100]
.
.
[ 2/100]
. , , .
[ 2/100]
. ,
.
[ 2/100]
. ,
:
() = ().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
. , + = 4 + 4
2 = 5 + 5, , .
[ 10/100]
. 2
, 2 = 3 + 3. = + ,
, , = 3, = 1. = 3 + .
, = 1 + 3.
(1999)
302
5.
/
. ,
| 1 3| 2 | 3 | 2
i. , , =
[ 10/100]
ii. | |.
[ 5/100]
. || |1 + 3| | (1 + 3)|
|| |1 + 3| 2
|| 10| 2
2 || 10| 2
(5.6)
2 + 10 || 2 + 10
,
(5.7)
2 + 10 || 2 + 10
(5.6) (5.7)
2 + 10 || + || 2 + 10
(5.8)
, .. | |+| | = 0, = = 0
.
(ii),
()
| | = | + ()| || + | | = || + || 22.
22.
3:
, () 0
.
(1999)
5.12. 2005
303
. 11.
[ 7/100]
. , () < 0 () > 0. = {
() > 0} = { () < 0},

. , 11.
. C (1, 2005)
(2, 1),
(2004 + ( 8)) = 2.
[ 9/100]
. (1) = 2005 (1) = 2.
11. :
(2004 + ( 8)) = 2
(2004 + ( 8)) = (1)

2004 + ( 8) = 1
( 8) = 2005
( 8) = (1)
8 = 1
= 9
= 3.
. C , 1
C =
+ 2005.
668
[ 9/100]
. R = . , 668 0,
( ) = 668. , C
( , ( )) = 668. 1
, = 1,
=
668
. .
(1999)
5.
/
304
4:
,
lim
()
= 2005.
. :
i. (0) = 0
[ 4/100]
ii. (0) = 1.
[ 4/100]
()
.
0, lim () = 2005.
() = + (), .
(i)
. () =
(0) = lim () = lim + () = 0 + 0 2005 = 0.
(ii), 0:
() =
() (0) () + ()
=
=
1 + ().
0
0, . 0
(0) = lim = lim 1 + () = 1 + 0 2005 = 1.
()
. , :
+ ()
lim
= 3.
2 + ()
[ 7/100]
(1999)
5.12. 2005
305
+ + ()
+ ()
=
2 + ()
2 + + ()
+ + 2 () + ()
2 + + 2 () + ()
(1 + ) + 2 () + ()
3 + 2 () + ()
1 + + 2() + ()
.
3 + 2() + ()
0 ,
lim () = 0 lim () = 0,
, ,
+ () 1 +
lim
=
.
2 + ()
3

1+
= 3 = 8.
3
. () >
() , :
i. () > 0 0.
[ 6/100]
ii. () < (1).

[ 4/100]
. (i) :
() > ()
() () > 0
() () ( )
>0
( )
()
>0
(1999)
306
5.
/
()
, ,
.
() =
> 0 () > (0) () > 0 () > 0
< 0 () < (0) () < 0 () > 0.

, 0, () > 0.
(ii) , :
() < () = (1) (0) = (1).
5.13 2005
1:
)
, .
[ 10/100]
. D
() = ( ) + () ( ).
, ,
.
lim () = ( ) + ( ) 0 = ( ).
.
) (, ) = +
. ;
[ 5/100]
.
, || = + .
(1999)
5.13. 2005
307
) , .
1. , = .
[ 2/100]
2. ,
lim |()| = lim () .
[ 2/100]
3. (sin ) = cos .
[ 2/100]
4. = + , .
[ 2/100]
5. [, ], [, ]
.
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
= 3 + = 1 3.
)
= | + | = 0.
[ 8/100]
3+
(3 + )(1 + 3)
10
=
=
=
= .
1 3 (1 3)(1 + 3)
10
,
=
=
+ = 0
| + | = 0.
(1999)
5.
/
308
)
+
= 0.
[ 8/100]
.
= 0.
+
=
+
= ( )
= ( ) +
+
)
=
{1}. {1} () = 1.
[ 9/100]
.
=
( 1)
=
= ,

(1 )
() = 1.
3:

() =
+ , 0
ln , > 0
.
A)
= 0.
[M 10/100]
. < 0 () = + ,
lim () = lim ( + ) = + 1.
> 0 () = ln =
ln
. ln
1
lim+ ln = lim+ = +.
de lHpital
lim () = lim+
ln
(ln )
= lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = 0.
()
(1999)
5.13. 2005
309

lim () = (0) = lim+ () + 1 = 0 = 1.
B) = 1:
i)
= 0.
[ 5/100]
. = 1
1
() (0) () 1
, 0
=
=
() =
0
ln ,
>0
lim+ () = lim+ ln = .
, 0.
ii) .
[ 5/100]
. (, 0) (0, +) ,
( 2) , > 0
,
>0
() =
=
( ln ) , > 0
ln + 1, > 0
(, 0) () = > 0, :
(, 0), (, 0].
(0, +) () = ln + 1
1
() 0 ln + 1 0 ln 1 .
:
1
1
0, , 0,
1
1
, +, , +.
(1999)
5.
/
310
iii)
, = 1 = .
[ 5/100]
. ln > 0, (1, ),
E = | ln | = ( ln ).
1
ln = = = = = 1 = 0,
= = 1. :
E = ( ln ) = =
1 1
1
(2)
= ( 1).
2
2
2
4:
() = ln + , (1, +).
) (1, +).
[ 6/100]
. ,
1
1
() = 1 + =
+ .
(1, +), () > 0

(1, +).
) lim+
ln
, lim+ lim+ ().
[ 6/100]
. lim+ ln = lim+ = lim+ = + , de lHpital
ln
(ln )
1
lim
= lim
= lim = 0
+
+ ()
+

( )
= lim
= lim = +.
+
+ ()
+
lim
(1999)
5.13. 2005
311
()
+
()
ln
= 1 lim
+ lim
= +.
+
+
+
lim
()
, (1, +) () = () lim+ () = +.
() +
() =
lim () = lim lim () = +.
) N () = 2005
(1, +).
[ 6/100]
. () = () 2005, (1, +),
(1, +)
(1) = (1) 2005 = 1 ln 1 + 2005 = 2004 + < 0
lim () = lim () 2005 = +.
0 (1, +). , (1, +) ( ) = 0, ( ) =

2005. .
()
) = () + () (). 2 ln 2.
[ 7/100]
. = (), = () = () = (2)
= 2, = () = . ,
()
()
() = ( )() ()
= ()
= () () ()
= () 2(2) ().
(1999)
5.
/
312
= () 2(2) = + 3 + ln 2,
2 ln 2 = + 3 ln 2.
5.14 2006
1o:
A.1 , .
:
() > 0 ,
.
() < 0 ,
.
[ 10/100]
() ()
> 0,
, . () (),
. .
.
. , . lim
.2
.
;
[ 5/100]
.
, () > 0.
(1999)
5.14. 2006
313
B. , .
. = || .
[ 2/100]
. lim () > 0, () > 0 .
[ 2/100]
. ()
.
[ 2/100]
. (3 ) = 3 , .
[ 2/100]
.
() () = ()() ()(),
, [, ].
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = 2 + ( 2) 2.
. 11.
[ 6/100]
. () = 4 + 6. D = [2, +) () = 2 4.

2 > 2 > 2 2 4 > 0
D, () > 0. D,
11.
(1999)
314
5.
/
.
.
[ 8/100]
. , 11. .
( 2) 0 () 2
R = [2, +).
= 2 + ( 2)
2 = ( 2)
2 = 2, 2
= 2 + 2.
() = 2 + 2 D = [2, +).
. i.
= .
[ 4/100]
. = = 2 + ( 2) 2.
2 + ( 2) = 5 + 6 = 2, = 3.
, (2, 2), (3, 3).
= = 2 + 2 2.
2 + 2 =
2 = 2
( 2) = ( 2)
( 2)( 3) = 0
= 2, = 3.
, (2, 2),
(3, 3).
. ii. .
[ 7/100]
(1999)
5.14. 2006
315
. = () = () = . ,
= () = ,
= 2 |() |.
() = 5 + 6
( ) , [2, 3].
:
= 2 5 + 6
5
= 2 + 6
3 2
1
= = .
3
3:
, , | | = | | = | | = 1 + + =
0.
. :
i. | | = | | = | |.
[ 9/100]
ii. | 2| 4 ( ) 1.
[ 8/100]
. i.
= | | = | + | | | = | + | =

1
= = = .
2
(1999)
1
2
5.
/
316
| | = | | 2 + | | = 3 = | | 2 + | | = | |
| | = | | .
ii. | | = 3, | | 3.
, :
| | =
=
=
=
=
( )( )
+
+ ( + )
| | + | | 2( )
2 2( ).
2 2( ) 4 ( ) 1.
. , , , .
[ 8/100]
. 1,
1. , 1,
.
, 1.
4:
() =
+1
ln .
1
. .
[ 8/100]
. 1 0 > 0, D =
(0, 1) (1, +).
D ,

1
2
< 0, D.
() =

( 1)
(1999)
5.14. 2006
317
, (0, 1) (1, +), 1 . ()

lim () = +, lim () = , lim+ () = +, lim () = .
R = .
. N () = 0
.
[ 5/100]
. , (0, 1) =
(, +) 0 (0, 1), (0, 1).
, (1, +) = (, +) 0 (1, +),
(1, +).
,
.
. () = ln
(, ln ) > 0
() = (, ) ,
() = 0.
[ 9/100]
. , 1
() = () = . C A(, ln )
1
= ln + ( ),
1
+ ln 1.
C (, ) = + ( ),
= + (1 ).
,
,
1
=
ln 1 = (1 ).
(1999)
318
5.
/
, :
1
1
1 ln
(ln 1) = 1 ln 1 + ln
(ln 1) = 1 + ln
+1
ln =
1
() = 0.
ln 1 =
.
.
[ 3/100]
. , C , G
, . .
5.15 2006
1o:
A.1 (cos ) = sin , .
[ 10/100]
. :
cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin cos( ) = cos cos + sin sin .
= + =
cos cos = 2 sin
sin
.
2
2
, cos
cos cos

+

2 sin
sin
2
2
=

sin
+
= sin
.
2
( ) =
(1999)
5.15. 2006
319
.

(cos ) = lim () = lim
sin
+
sin lim
= sin .
.2 .
;
[ 5/100]
. F, , .,
, F () = ().
B. , .
. , ,
| | | | | | + | |.
[ 2/100]
. , ( ) 0,
( )( ) ( )( )

( ) =
.
[( )]
[ 2/100]
1
. 0 [||] = .
[ 2/100]
. 11,
, () =
.
(1999)
320
5.
/
[ 2/100]
. [, ]. G
[, ],
() = G() G().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() =
1 +
, .
1 + +
. .
[ 9/100]
. ,

() =
(1 + + ) (1 + )+
(1 )
=
.
(1 + + )
(1 + + )
, () < 0.
.
. I =
.
()
[ 9]
1
. = . = =
1 + 1

1+
+ 1 1

=
+
1+ 1+
1 1

= +
1+
1 1
+ (1 )
.
=
1+
I =
(1999)
5.15. 2006
321
1
1
=
+
1+ 1+
1
( + 1) +
=
[ + = 0 = 1] [ = 1 = 1].
(1 + )
(1 + )
:
1
1
+ (1 )
+
1+
(1 )
1+
(1 + )
+ ( 1)
1+
ln || + ( 1) ln |1 + |
ln + ( 1) ln( + 1)
+ ( 1) ln( + 1).
I =
=
=
=
=
=
. < 0
(5 ) + (7 ) < (6 ) + (8 ).
[ 7/100]
.
5 < 6 7 < 8 5 > 6 7 > 8 , < 0
(5 ) < (6 ) (7 ) < (8 ),
(5 ) + (7 ) < (6 ) + (8 ), .
3:
, (4 ) =
() = + + , .
. = 2.
[ 7/100]
(1999)
5.
/
322
. = + , , , :
(4 ) = (4 ) = ( + )
(4 ) = | + |
(4 ) = | + |
(4 ) = | + |
(4 ) + = +
8 + 16 + = +
8 + 16 = 0
= 2.
. = 2 = 3, :
i.
[ 9/100]
ii. , ,
3
= .
5
[ 9/100]
. = 2 = + + = 2
= 2 + 2 + = 6 + , (2, + 6).
= + ( )( ) = 5 + 4.
(i) = 3 3 = 5 0 + 4 = 1.
= 5 3.
(ii)
= |() |.
/
() = 4 + 4 = ( + 2) 0,
(1999)
5.15. 2006
323
E = ( + 2)
/
= ( + 2) ( + 2)
/
( + 2)
=
3
/
2
+ 2)
(
(22)
=
3
=
3
3
4:
() = ln( + 1) ( + 1) ln > 0.
. i
1
ln( + 1) ln < , > 0.
[ 12/100]
1
. () = ln( + 1) ln , > 0.

() =
1
1 1
1
+ =
> 0, > 0.
+1
( + 1)
.
1
+1
lim
+
+
1
= ln lim 1 + 0
+
= ln 1 0 = 0.
lim () =
lim ln
> 0, () < lim+ () () < 0.

(1999)
5.
/
324
. ii. (0, +).

.
+1
ln
+1
2 1
= ln( + 1) ln +
.
( + 1)
() = ln( + 1) +
2 1
=
+
= = 1,
( + 1)
+1
() = ln( + 1) ln
1 (i)
1
1
<
< 0, (0, +).
+1
+1
, .
1
. lim+ ln 1 + .
[ 5/100]
1
1
. ln 1 + 0 +,
de lHpital
1
lim ln 1 +
+
=
DLH
=
=
lim
ln(1 + )
/
+/
lim
+ 1/
lim
1
1+
0.
. (0, +)
( + 1) = + .
[ 8/100]
(1999)
5.16. 2006
325
. . :
lim () = +.
,
(,i)
() = ln( + 1) ln ln <
1
ln = 1 ln
lim () < lim (1 ln ) =
lim () = .
, (0, +) = (, +), (0, +) . ,

( + 1)
() = 0 ln
= ln 1( + 1) = + .
+
, .
5.16
2006
1:
) () = .
(0, +)
1
() =
.
2
[ 10/100]
. (0, +)
() ( )

=

+
=
( ) +

=
( ) +
1
=
.
+
() =
(1999)
326
5.
/
, .

() = lim () = lim
1
1
=
.
+ 2
) .
;
[ 5/100]
. D,
,
lim () = ( ).
) , .
1. , ,
| | | | | + | | | + | |.
[ 2/100]
2. () = tan .
= { cos = 0}
() =
1
.
cos
[ 2/100]
3. lim () < 0, () < 0 .

[ 2/100]
4. cos = sin + .
[ 2/100]
5. , [, ] () 0
[, ], () 0.
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
(1999)
5.16. 2006
327
2:
(5 1) = ( 5) .
)
|5 1| = | 5|.
[ 5/100]
. (5 1) = ( 5) |5 1| = | 5| |5 1| = | 5|.
) || = 1.
[ 10/100]
. = + , , , :
|5 1| = | 5|
|5( + ) 1| = |( + ) 5|
|(5 1) + 5| = |( 5) + |
|(5 1) + 5| = |( 5) + |
(5 1) + (5) = ( 5) +
25 10 + 1 + 25 = 10 + 25 +
24 + 24 = 24
+ = 1
|| = 1.
) = 5 + 1, () .
[ 10/100]
.
= 5+1 =
| 1|
| 1|
1
|| =
1=
|1| = 5
5
5
5
(1, 0) = 5.
3:
() = ln( 5) + 2 12.
(1999)
328
5.
/
) ;
[M 6/100]
. 5 > 0, D = (5, +).
) .
[ 7/100]
. ,
( 5)
1
() = ln( 5) + 2 12 =
+2=
+ 2.
5
5
(5, +), () > 0. , .
) .
[ 6/100]
. lim () = lim ln( 5) + lim (2 12) =
D, () > lim (). R = (, +) = .
) () = 2006
.
[ 6/100]
. () = () 2006 (5, +)
R = R = . 0 R, (5, +) ( ) = 0,
( ) = 2006. , .
4:
,
() = 3 + 2 (), .
(1999)
5.16. 2006
)
329
() =
()
.
[M 5/100]
. , () ,
.
() = 3 + 2 () = 2().
,
() =
() () ()( ) 2() 2()

=
=
= 0.
( )
( )
.
) () = 3 .
[ 5/100]
. () = , () = . = 0
(0) = 3 + 2 0 = 3. (0) = = 3. () = 3 .
) N ()
, = 0, =
> 0.
[ 10/100]
.
E = () = 3 =
) lim+
3
3
3
(2) = = 1.
2
2
2
()
.
[ 5/100]
. E()
lim+ () = lim+ = 0, De l Hospital
lim+
()
3
()
= lim+
= lim+ 2 = lim+ (3 ) = 3.
()
(1999)
330
5.
/
5.17 2007
1o:
A.1 , ,
| | = | | | |.
[ 8/100]
. = + = + , , , ,
| | = |( + )( + )|
= |( ) + ( + )|
=
( ) + ( + ) =

( + )( + )

( + ) ( + )

= | | | |.
=
.2 , ;
[ 4/100]
. , ,
, . D = D
, . D, () = ().
.3 = +;
[ 3/100]
. + ,
lim () = .
(1999)
5.17. 2007
331
B. , .
. [, ] [, ]
() 0 () > 0.
[ 2/100]
.
.
() > 0 .
[ 2/100]
.
, .
[ 2/100]
.
,
()
() = (()) ()
.
[ 2/100]
. > 1 lim = 0.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
=
2 +
, .
+ 2
(1999)
5.
/
332
.
(0, 0) = 1.
[ 9/100]
.
|| =
|2 + | 4 +
= 1.
=
| + 2| + 4
2 +
. , =
= 0
+ 2
= 2 .
i. .
[ 8/100]
ii. ( ) = ( ) .
[ 8/100]
2
1
2 + 2
= = =
= 1.
2
2 + 2
i) | | = | 1| = 2.
ii) ( ) = () = (1) = 1 (1) = ( ) .
. =
3o:
() = 3 sin ,
+ , .
2
. ,
.
[ 7/100]
.
() = 3 3, () = 6.
() 0 1 1 1.
:
(1999)
5.17. 2007
333
(, 1) (1, +),
(, 1] [1, +)
(1, 1) [1, 1]
= 1, ( ) = 2 2 sin
= 1, ( ) = 2 2 sin .
, () 0 0, :
(0, +), ,
[0, +).
(, 0), ,
(, 0].
( , ( )), = 0 ( ) = 2 sin .
. () = 0 .
[ 8/100]
. (, 1) ,
() < (1) = 2 2 sin = 2 cos < 2,
< 1 ( ) = 0 < 2.
[1, 1]
(1) (1) = 4(1 sin )(1 + sin ) < 0
Bolzano (1, 1) .. ( ) = 0.
(1, +) ,
() > (1) = 2 2 sin 4,
> 1 ( ) = 0 4.
. , , ( , ( )), ( , ( ))
( , ( )) = 2 2 sin .
. ().
(1999)
5.
/
334
.
= 2 2 sin .
[ 7]
.
= |() |.
|() | = | 3 2 sin + 2 + 2 sin | = | |

0 1 0 1,
< 0 < 1 0 1.

= ( ) + ( + )

= +
+
4
2
4
2
1
=
.
4
4o:
[0, 1]
(0) > 0. [0, 1] () > 0 [0, 1].
:
F() = ()(), G() = (), [0, 1].
. F() > 0 (0, 1].

[ 8/100]
. , () > 0 () > 0 [0, 1],
[0, 1]. , (0, 1], [0, ], ()() > 0. (0, 1], F() > 0.
(1999)
5.17. 2007
335
. N () G() > F() (0, 1].

[ 6/100]
. () = ()G() F() [0, 1].
[0, 1] ,
() = () G().
G() > 0, .
() > 0, () > 0.
[0, 1], [0, 1], () > (0) (0) = 0 .
. N
F()
F(1)
G() G(1)
(0, 1].
[ 4/100]
F()
[0, 1].
G()
[0, 1] ,
. () =
() =
F()
()
=
()G() F().
G()
G()
() > 0, F(1)
[0, 1]. [0, 1], () < (1) (1) =

G(1)
.
. :
lim
()() sin
()
[ 7/100]
. : lim+ F() =
F(0) = 0 lim+ G() = G(0). de lHpital
lim+
F ()
()()
F()
= lim+
= lim+
= lim+ () = (0).
G() G () ()
(1999)
336
5.
/
lim+ sin = 0 lim+ = 0. de lHpital
lim+
sin
= lim+
sin
( )
sin 2
= lim+
5
2
sin
=
lim
lim
5 +
2
=
1 0 = 0.
5
(0) 0 = 0.
5.18 2007
1o:
A.1
, .
[ 10/100]
.
() = ( ) + () ( ).
,
lim () = ( ).
, ,
lim = ( ) 0 = ( ).
.
.2 Rolle ;
[ 5/100]
. : [, ] , (, ),
(, )
() ()
.
() =
(1999)
5.18. 2007
337
, C (, ())
(, ())
(, ()).
. , .
. ()
.
[ 2/100]
. , , [, ],
() () = () ().
[ 2/100]
.
,
() = ()
.
[ 2/100]
.
(, ),
(, ) = lim+ () = lim ().
[ 2/100]
. , . ,
() = () ,
() = () .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
5.
/
338
2:

sin 3
,
<0
() =
+ + cos , 0
. () = 3.
[ 8/100]
. < 0 () =
sin 3
sin 3
= 3
,
lim () = 3 lim
sin 3
= 3 1 = 3.
3
. = = 0,
2
= = 3.
[ 9/100]
. 0 lim+ = .
0 ,
lim () = lim+ () = 3.
(0, +)
() = 2 + sin . , = = 3.
2
. = = 3, ().
[ 8/100]
.
() = ( + 3 + 3 cos )
3
= + + 3 sin
3 2
2 + 9
=
.
6
(1999)
5.18. 2007
339
3:
() = ln , > 0.
. ()
(1, +).
[ 10/100]
. , (0, +)
,
() =

=
.
> 1, () > 0,
(1, +).
. () > 0.
[ 7/100]
. , [1, +) 1
, (1) = . , 1, () .
.
+
() =
() + ()
(0, +).
[ 8/100]
.
+
() =
()
() ()
() +
() ()
() ().
+
+
+
+
+
+
() = 0 = 1,
+
(1) =
() () = 0.
(1999)
5.
/
340
(0, +),
() = ( + 3) ( + 1) > 0,
(1, +)
+ 1, + 3 (1, +).
, = 1 () = 0.
4:
= + 2 =
0. .
2
, ,
2 +
. = 1.
[ 9/100]
. :
2 +
2 +
(2 + )(2 + + )
=
(2 + )(2 + + )
4 + 4
=
.
(2 + ) +
4
4
+

=
(2 + ) +
(2 + ) +
4 5 4 4
=
+
+ 4 + 4 +
+ 4 + 4 +
( ) = 0
( 4 ) = 0
= 4, 0.
= 1.
(1999)
5.18. 2007
341
. .
[ 6/100]
. + 4 + = 0

( + 2) + = 4.
(2, 0) 2.
. > 0,

( + 1 + ) ( + 1 ) = 0.
[ 10]
.
= ( + ) = + 2 = (2 + 4) + 2
( ) = 0
2 + 4 = 0
= 0 = 2.
= 0 = 0 > 0.
= 2, = 4 = 2, > 0. = 2 2
= 2 + 2.
+ 1 + = 1 = (1 + ),
( + 1 + ) = (1) (1 + ) = (1 + )
+ 1 = 1 + = + = (1 + ),
( + 1 ) = (1 + ) = (1 + ) .
( + 1 + ) = ( + 1 ) .
(1999)
5.
/
342
5.19 2007
1:
1. () = sin .
() = cos .
[ 10/100]
. ,
sin( + ) = sin cos + sin cos , sin( ) = sin cos sin cos .
,
sin( + ) sin( ) = 2 sin cos .
=
+

,=
,
2
2
sin sin = 2 sin

+
cos
.
2
2
, () = sin
:
sin sin

cos +
2 sin
sin
+
=
cos
.
() =
, ,
lim
sin
= lim
sin
=1
+
lim cos
= cos , . , 2
,
( ) = lim () = lim
sin
lim cos
+
= cos .
2
(1999)
5.19. 2007
343
A2.
;
[ 5/100]
. , :
, , < () > ().
. , .
1. , || = | |.
[ 2/100]
2. lim
cos 1
= 1.
[ 2/100]
3.
,
.
[ 2/100]
4. , ( ) 0,

( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) =
.
[( )]
[ 2/100]
5. , ,
() = () + , .
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
(1999)
5.
/
344
2:
= , = 1 = 1 + .
. | | + | | = | | .
[ 5/100]
. | | + | | = || + |1| = 2 = 1 + 1 = | | .
. | | = | |, :
i . () = (),
[ 10/100]
ii. 0,
A=

+ .

[ 10/100]
. = + , , ,
| | = | | |( + ) | = |( + ) 1|
+ ( 1) = ( 1) +
+ 2 + 1 = 2 + 1 +
=
() = ().
,
A=
+ ( + ) + ( )
=
= 0.
3:
() = ln +
1
, (0, +).
4
(1999)
5.19. 2007
345
1
1
. : > 0, < 0 ( ) > 0.
4
[M 6/100]
.
1
>
1
2
= ( ) = ln( ) + = 5 +
> 5 + = 5 + 8 = 3 > 0.
4
4
2
<
1
1
1
= ln + = ln 4 + 1 < ln + 1 = 1 + 1 = 0.
4
4 4
,
( ) = ln +
1
1
= 5 + > 0.
4
4
.
(1, (1)).
[ 5/100]
.
(0, +),
() =
1
1
4 1
=
.
4
4
1
(1) = , (1) = 12,
4
1
47
= + 12( 1) = 12 .
4
4
. .
[ 4/100]
4 1
1
, :
4
4
1
1
0, , , 0,
4
4
. () 0
1
1
, +, , , +.
4
4
(1999)
346
5.
/
. () = 0
(0, +).
[ 10/100]
1 1
1
. , , . ()
4
4
1 1
1
Bolzano, , , () = 0.
4
4
, , .
4:
, ()
() = 4 (0) = 2.
. () = () .
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = ()
= () + () (4)
= () () + 4
= + 4 ,
= 4 + 4
= 0.
.
. () = +
1
.
[ 6/100]
. (0) = (0) = 2 1 = 1. ,
, () = 1. :
() = 1 () = +
1
.
(1999)
5.19. 2007
347
. I() = ().
[ 9/100]
.
I() = ()
= +
=
=
=
=
. lim+
1

3
1
1 1
3
1
2
.
3
3
I()
.
[ 5/100]
1
2
. lim+ I() = lim+ = + lim+ =
3
3
+, I, .
, + .
, de lHpital , :
I()
+
lim
DLH
=
=
DLH
=
=
I ()
+ ( )
+
lim
+
2
+
lim
+
(2)
1
lim +
2 +
+.
lim
(1999)
348
5.
/
5.20 2008
1o:
A.1 () = ln ||,

1
(ln ||) = ,
[ 10/100]
. , :
() = ln || () = ||
() = ||
() () = 1
1
() = ()
1
() = .
||
1
> 0 || = || = 1, () = .
< 0 || = || = 1, () =
1
1
= .

.2
[, ];
[ 5/100]
. [, ] :
(, ), (, )
() ,
lim () = ( )

,
lim+ () = ()

,
lim () = ().
(1999)
5.20. 2008
349
B. , .
. A 11, : (()) = , A ( ()) = , (A).
[ 2/100]
. .
[ 2/100]
. + + = 0 , ,
0 ,
.
[ 2/100]
.
, () > 0
.
[ 2/100]
. , ,
() = () + ().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:

( + 22) = 6 | (1 )| = | (3 3)|
:
(1999)
5.
/
350
. .
[ 6/100]
. = + , , , :
(22 + )( + ) = 6
(22 ) + ( + 22) = 6
(22 ) + ( + 22) = 36
8 + 42 + + 8 + 42 = 36
9 + 9 = 36
+ = 4,
(5.9)
(0, 0) 2.
. .
[ 7/100]
. = + , , ,
|( + ) (1 )| = |( + ) (3 3)|
|( 1) + ( 1)| = |( 3) + ( + 3)|
|( 1) + ( 1)| = |( 3) + ( + 3)|
( 1) + ( 1) = ( 3) + ( + 3)
2 + 1 + + 2 + 1 = 6 + 9 + + 6 + 9
(5.10)
= 4,
.
. ||.
[ 6/100]
.
|| =
(.)
+ = + ( + 4) = 2 + 4 + 8.
,
+ 4 + 8 = + 4 + 4 + 4 = ( + 2) + 4 4.
,
|| 24 = 22.
, || 22.
(1999)
5.20. 2008
351
. | |.
[ 6/100]
. :
= ( + )( + ) = ( + ) + ( )
|| = ( + ) + ( )
|| ( + )
( + ) 4||
| + | 2||
2|| + 2||.
, , :
| | = || + || 2( + )
= 4 + || 2( + )
4 + || 4||
= || 2
(22 2) .
, | | 22 2, | | 22 2.
3:

() =
ln , > 0
0,
=0
. 0.
[ 3/100]
. lim ( ln ).
0+ , < , ln < 1. ,
< 1, ln < 0, | ln | = ln > 1.
, +
| ln | = || | ln | > ||
lim+ || = 0,
lim ln = 0.
lim+ () = (0), 0.
(1999)
5.
/
352
. .
[ 9/100]
. +
1
() = ( ln ) = ln + = ln + 1.
0
(0) =
() (0)
= ln
0
0 lim () = lim ln = , 0
.
, ,
() 0
ln + 1 0
ln + ln ln 1
ln() ln 1
1
1
.
, :
1
1
( , +) [ , +)
1
1
(0, ) (0, ]
1
1
1
, = .
1
+ , () , R =
1
, +.
. =
.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
5.20. 2008
353
. > 0,
= ln =
ln = () = .
:
1
< , R,
.
1
1
1
= () = , = .
1
1
>
1
, + .
. ( + 1) > ( + 1) (), > 0.

[ 7/100]
. > 0. [, + 1]
(, + 1) () = ln + 1. , (, + 1) ..
() =
( + 1) ()
( + 1) () = ().
( + 1)
, , () =
(, + 1), < + 1, () < ( + 1).
,
( + 1) > ( + 1) ().
4:

() = (10 + 3) () 45.
(1999)
5.
/
354
. () = 20 + 6 45.
[ 8/100]
. = (). () = (10 + 3) 45,
() = (10 +345) =
10 3
+ 45 = 40+690 = 4690.
4
2
,
= 46 90 45 = 90 = 2.
() = 20 + 6 45.
. .
() ( )
() = lim
.
[ 4/100]
.
() = lim
( + ) ()
.
= 0 0 ( + ) = ( ),
() = lim
() ( )
( ) ()
= lim 0
.
. () ()
lim
( + ) 2() + ( )
= () + 45
(0) = (0) = 1, :
i. () = + + + 1
[ 10/100]
ii. 11.
[ 3/100]
(1999)
5.21. 2008
355
. , 0, 0.
, de lHpital :
( + ) 2() + ( )
[( + ) 2() + ( )]
lim
( )
( + )( + ) + ( )( )
lim
( + ) ( )
lim
2
( + ) ( ) + () ()
lim
2
( + ) ()
() ( )
lim
+ lim
2
2
1
2 (), ()
2
().
lim
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
,
() = () + 45 = 20 + 6
() = 5 + 3 +
() = + + + , ,
(0) = 1 = 1 (0) = 1 = 1.
() = + + + 1.
() = 5 +3 +1.
, () > 0, , 11.
5.21
2008
1o:
A. [, ]. G [, ],
() = G() G()
[ 10/100]
(1999)
5.
/
356
. G () ,
D,
() = G ()
(5.11)
() = G() + ,
. = , (5.11)
() = G() + G() + = 0 = G().
= , (5.11)
() = G() + = G() G().
. ;
[ 5/100]
. :
[, ] (, ), (, )
() =
() ()
.

C (, ()) (, ()) (, ()).
, C .
. , .
. 11, .
[ 2/100]
. ,

, .
(1999)
5.21. 2008
357
[ 2/100]
. () .
[ 2/100]
. , , : + = 0 = 0 = 0
[ 2/100]
. (, ) ( , )
. :
lim () = lim (() ) = 0.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
(),
() =
,
01
+ 1,
2
11,
. ,
[0, 1] [2, +) .
(), + = 0 = 0 = 0.
2:
1 + 3
+
=
2
+ = 0, .
. = 1 = 1.
[ 9/100
(1999)
5.
/
358
. =
=
1 + 3
=
2
1 3
. :
2
+ + = 0
1 3 + 23 1 + 3
+
+ = 0 1+3+(1+3)+2 = 0
4
2
+ + = 0
1 3 23 1 3
+
+ = 0 13+(13)+2 = 0
4
2

23 + 23 = 0 = 1

1 + 3 1 3 + 2 = 0 = 1.
, + 1 = 0.
. = 1.
[ 8/100]
. , ,

+ 1 = 0 ( + 1)( + 1) = 0 + 1 = 0 = 1.
. ,
:
|| = | |.
[ 8/100]
.
|| = | | =
1 + 3 1 3
= |3| = |3|
2
2
.. (0, 0) 3.
(1999)
5.21. 2008
359
3:
() = 2 ln , > 0.
. () 1 > 0.
[ 6/100]
. (0, +)
(),
1
1
+
1 2 1
4
4
() = 2 =
=
.
1
1
1

() 0
>0
4
4 .
4
>0
, :
1
1
, + , , , +
4
4
1
1
0, , , 0,
4
4
1
,
4
1
1
1
1
= 2 ln =
+ 4 ln 2 1.
4
4
4
16
, > 0, () 1.
.
.
[ 6/100]
. > 0, () > 1, = 1 .
= 0
lim () = lim 2 lim ln = +,
= 0 .
(1999)
5.
/
360
.
ln
, >0
() = ()
,
=0
i. .
[ 6/100]
1
ii. = , , ,
2
(0, ).
[ 7/100]
. :
ln
()
ln
= lim
ln
1
2 ln
= lim
2 2 ln
1
= lim 1
2
2 ln
1
1
= (1 0) = .
2
2
0
lim () = lim
1
lim () = (0) = .
2
, [0, ]
1
ln
(0) () =
<0
2 2 ln
Bolzano, (0, ) .. () = 0.
4:
[0, +)
() > 0 0.
F() = (), [0, +)
() =
F()
()
, (0, +).
(1999)
5.21. 2008
361
() + F() = F(1).
[ 6/100]
. :
() + F()
= () + F()
= () + F() () + F()
= (1) + F(1)
= (1) + F(1)
= (1) + F(1)
= (1) + F(1)
= (1) + F(1)
= (1) + F(1)
1
(0) + F(0) () + F ()
1
1
(0) () + F ()

1
1
(0) () + ( ) ()
1
1
(0) ()
1
1
(0) ()
1
1
1
(0) (1) (0)
= F(1).
.
(0, +).
[ 8/100]
. (0, +) , (1999)
5.
/
362
() =
() () F() ()
() ()
( )().
()
()
()
()
()
,
()
>0
()
0 < < ( )() < 0 ( )() < 0
(0, +), () < 0 .

. (1) = 2, :
i. () < 2 ().
[ 6/100]
1
ii. F() = F(1).

2
[ 5/100]
. :
(1) = 2
F(1) = 2 ()
() = 2 ()
(1 2)() = 0.
(1999)
5.22. 2008
363
A = () 2 ()
= (1 2)()
= (1 2)() + (1 2)()
= (1 2)().
,
1 2 3 1 2 1
(1, 2), () > 0
A = () < 0.
F() = () F()
= F()] F ()
= F(1) ()
1
= F(1) F(1)
2
1
=
F(1).
2
5.22
2008
1:
.. , , | | = | | | |.
[ 10/100]
(1999)
364
5.
/
. = + = + , , , , , :
| | = |( + )( + )|
= |( ) + ( + )|
=
( ) + ( + )

2 + + + 2 +

( + ) + ( + )

( + )( + )

( + ) ( + )

= | + | | + |
= | | | |.
=
A. ;
[ 5/100]
. , , D = D D, () = ().
. , .
1. = + ,
= 0 = 0 = 0.
[ 2/100]
2. , .
:
lim () () = lim () lim ().
[ 2/100]
3. . () < 0
,
.
(1999)
5.22. 2008
365
[ 2/100]
4 . () > 0, () > 0 [, ].
[ 2/100]
5. ,

, .
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
. = + ( + 1), .
.
= + 1.
[ 6/100]
. = + , , ,
= , = + 1.
= + 1. = + 1.
. || = 1;
[ 9/100]
. :
|| = 1
+ = 1
+ ( + 1) = 1
2 + 2 = 0
2( + 1) = 0
= 0 = 1
= 1 = 0.
, = = 1.
(1999)
366
5.
/
B. ,
+ + 8 = (1 ) (1 + ) ,
= 2 = 2.
[ 10/100]
. ,
(1 ) = 1 4 1 + 6 1 4 1 +
= 1 4 6 4 + 1
= 4.
:
+ + 8 = (1 ) (1 + )
4 + 4 + + 4 + 4 = 0
( 2) + ( + 2) = 0
= 2 = 2.
3:
() =
+ ln
, > 0.
. .
[ 10/100]
. (0, +),
() =
1 ln
( + ln ) ( + ln ) ()
==
.
() 0 ln 1 , :
(0, ), , (0, ]
(, +), , [, +)
, () =
+1
.
(1999)
5.22. 2008
367
. o lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
. ( + ln )
lim+ = lim+ ( + ln ) = +, de
lHpital, :
+ ln
( + ln )
1
= lim
= lim 1 + = 1.
+
+
+
()
lim () = lim
I = ().
[ 7/100]
1
, = . ,
= 1 = 0 = = 2. , :
. = ln , > 0, =
I = ()
ln
ln
= +
= 1 +
= +
= +
= + 7.
4:
() = sin , .
(1999)
5.
/
368
. (0, (0))
.
[M 10/100]
. , () = cos . (0) =
sin 0 = 0 (0) = cos 0 = 1. , = 1( 0) + 0,
= .
.
= = 1.
[ 10/100]
. = 1 = sin sin = 1 =
2
( (0, 2)).
= = sin sin = = 0,
0, | sin | < ||.
,
/
E = ( sin ) =
+ cos = + cos =
1.
2
2
8
3
. > 0 sin > .
2
[ 5/100]
3
. () = sin + [0, +).
2
, .
() = cos 1 + 3, () = sin + 3.
(0) = cos 0 1 + 3 0 = 1 1 + 0 = 0,
Fermat, 0 . (0) = sin 0 + 3 = 3 > 0.
0 . > 0,
() > (0)
3
3
sin + > sin 0 0 + 0
2
2
3
sin > .
2
(1999)
5.23. 2009
5.23
369
2009
1o
. .
() = 0,
.
[ 10/100]
. . ( ) = 0,
lim
() ( )
= 0.

:
> 0, ( , + ), () = ( )
, () = ( ).
, .
.
;
[ 5/100]
. () ( )
lim
.

. , .
. , , | | = | | | |.
[ 2/100]
. () A, () ( ) A.
[ 2/100]
. lim
cos 1
= 1.
[ 2/100]
(1999)
5.
/
370
.
.
[ 2/100]
. [, ] () <
0 [, ],
, = , =
() = ().
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2
= (2 + 1) + (2 1), .
.
.
, .
[ 9/100]
. ,
= 1 .
[ 8/100]
. ) = + , = 2 + 1, = 2 1.
= 2 = 2,
.
)
| | = (2 + 1) + (2 1) = 8 + 2 2 = |1 | = | |
= 1 .
(1999)
5.23. 2009
371
.
|| + 12 = ,
.
[ 8/100]
. = +
|| + 12 =
+ + 12 = 1
+ + 12 = 1 = 1
+ 12 = 0 = 1
, =
1 213
= 1.
2
,
, =
1 213
+ .
2
3
() = ln( + 1), > 1 > 0, 1.
A. () 1 > 1, = .
[ 8/100]
. (1, +),
() = ln
1
.
+1
(0) = = ln(0 + 1) = 1,
> 1, () (0)
0 . Fermat
1
0+1
ln 1 = 0
ln = ln
= .
(0) = 0 ln
(1999)
5.
/
372
. = ,
.
[ 5/100]
.
(1, 0] [0, +)
[ 6/100]
. , (1, 0) (0, +),
() 1 () 1
+
=0
1
2
(1, 2).
[ 6/100]
. (1, +)

1
+1
1
() = +
( + 1)
() =
) () > 0, (1, +), .

) :
() 0
1
0
+1
( + 1) 1
0
+1
( + 1) 1 0.
,
< 0 [ < 1 + 1 < 1] ( + 1) 1 < 0
0 [ 1 + 1 1] ( + 1) 1 0.
, :
[0, +),
(1999)
5.23. 2009
373
(1, 0],
= 0, (0) = 1.
) () = ( 2)() 1 + ( 1)() 1
D = (1, +).
, [1, 2].
(1) (2) = () 1() 1 < 0,
() > 1, (1, +) {0}, = = .
Bolzano, (1, 2) ..
() = 0 ( 2)() 1 + ( 1)() 1 = 0
() 1 () 1
+
= 0.
1
2
4
[0, 2]
( 2)() = 0.
H() = (), [0, 2]
H()
() + 3, (0, 2]

G() =
1 1
,
=0
6 lim
. G [0, 2].
[ 5/100]
. H . G
(0, 2]. 0.
(1999)
5.
/
374
G(0):
1 1 1 + 1
1 1
=
1 + 1
=
=
=
lim
1 (1 )
1 + 1
1 + 1
1
1 + 1
1
1
1 1

= . ,
1 + 1 0
1
= 3.
2
lim+ G(): lim+ H() = 0,
lim+ = 0 . ,
de lHpital
G(0) = 6
H()
H()
lim+
= lim+
= lim+ () = 0.
()
, G()
lim+ G() = lim+
H()
+ lim+ () + 3 = 0 0 + 3 = G(0).
, G 0, [0, 2].
. G (0, 2)
H()
G () = , 0 < < 2.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
5.23. 2009
375
. G
H()
() + 3
H () H()
()
() ()
()
()
H()
.
G () =
=
=
=
=
. (0, 2)
() = 0.
[ 7/100]
.
G(2) =
H(2)
() + 3
2
()
2
() + 3
() 2 ()
2
+3=0+3=0
. G(0) = 3.
, G Rolle H()
[0, 2]. , (0, 2) .. G () = 0 = 0
H() = 0.
. (0, )
() = ().
[ 7/100]
(1999)
376
5.
/
. G [0, ] (0, ),
G(0) = 3
G() =
H()
() + 3 = () + 3.
(0, )
G() G(0) H() () + 3 3

G () =
=
() = ().
0
5.24 2009
1o:
A. () = .
(0, +) :
1
() =
.
2
[ 9/100]
. [0, +).
(0, +)
( + ) ()
+
=
+ + +
=
+ +
( + )
=
+ +
1
=
.
+ +
() =
(1999)
5.24. 2009
377
B. .
;
[ 6/100]
. :
D,
,
,
lim () = ( ).
. , .
.
( ) = () .
[ 2/100]
. 1-1,
.
[ 2/100]
. lim () = 0 () < 0 lim
1
= +.
()
[ 2/100]
. () = tan .
1
.
A = { cos = 0} () =
cos 2
[ 2/100]
. , ,
() = () + , ,
.
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ).
(1999)
5.
/
378
2:
:
(2 ) + (2 + ) 8 = 0.
. N =
+ .
[ 10/100]
. :
(2 ) + (2 + ) 8 = 0
(2 )( + ) + (2 + )( ) 8 = 0
2 + + ( + 2) + 2 + + ( 2) 8 = 0
4 + 2 8 = 0
2 + 4 = 0.
.
. N
.
[ 8/100]
.
= , = 0 = 2.
= 0, = = = 4 = 4.
. ,
| + | + | | = 40.
[ 7/100]
.
| + | + | | = |2 + 4| + |2 4| = (2 + 4 ) 2 = 40.
3:
() = ln[( + 1) + + 1] ln( + 2), > 1
1.
(1999)
5.24. 2009
379
. , lim+ ()
.
[ 5/100]
( + 1) + + 1
+2
, . +1 = 0 = 1.
+1
lim () = ln lim
= ln 1 = 0.
+
+ + 2
. lim+
. = 1.
.
.
[ 10/100]
. .
[ 6/100]
. () + = 0
0.
[ 4/100]
. ) = 1,
() = ln( + 1) ln( + 2) = ln
+1
+2
D = (2, 1) (1, +).

() =
1
1
1
=
.
+ 1 + 2 ( + 1)( + 2)
D, () > 0
.
, lim+ () =
0 R = (, 0).
(1999)
380
5.
/
) , = 1 = 2. lim () = lim+ () =
+ lim+ () = lim () = .
, = 1 = 2.
)
() =
+1
=
+2
+1
=
+2
1 = 1 2
ln
1 2
=
.
1
4:
[0, 2]

() 4 () + 4()
(0)
(2)
(1)
=
=
=
=
, 0 2
2(0),
2(2) + 12 ,
.
.
() 2()
, 02
Rolle [0, 2].

() = 3
[ 4/100]
. [0, 2] ( ).
(0, 2) , :
() = 3
() 2()
() 2 () () 2() 2
= 6
() 4 () + 4()
= 6
.
(1999)
5.24. 2009
381
,
(0) = 3 0
(0) 2(0)
=0
(2) 2(2)
= = 0,
(2) = 3 2
.
. (0, 2) ,
() + 4() = 6 + 4 ().
[ 6/100]
. Rolle [0, 2], (0, 2) ..
() = 0,
() 4 () + 4()
=0
() + 4() = 6 + 4 ().
() = 0 6
. = 6 () = 0 [0, 2].
[ 6/100]
. ()
( = ), = 6.
,
() 4 () + 4()
() = = 6
6
= 6 ,
= 6 6 = 0.
() = . (0) = 0, = 0. () = 0,
[0, 2].
(1999)
5.
/
382
. () = , 0 2.
[ 5/100]
. , ,
() = 3
()
()
()
.
=
() = 0,
() = 0
()
=0
()
= ,
() = + .
= 1 = ( + 1) = 0. , () = .
.
()
.
[ 4/100]
. :
()
1
=

2
1 1
=
()
2
2
1
1
(2 ) , = 2
=
2
4
1
1
(2 )
=
2
4
1
1
=
(2 ) ( )
2
4
3
=
.
4
(1999)
5.25. 2010
5.25
383
2010

A1. . F , :
G() = F() + ,

G G() = F() + ,
.
[ 6/100]
. , ,
G () = F() + = F () + () = () + 0 = ()
F.
,
F () = G () = ()
G() F() = 0
G () F () = ,
G() = F() + .
A2. = ;
[ 4/100]
. = ,
+ .
A3.
.
;
[ 5/100]
. ,
, () > 0, .
(1999)
384
5.
/
4. , .
) +
+ .
)
. ,
.
)
(, ),
(, ), A = lim+ () B = lim ().
) (cos ) = sin , .
) lim () < 0, () < 0 .
[ 10]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
:
+
2
= 2, 0.
B1. .
[ 7/100]
. + 2 = 2 2 + 2 = 0.
= 4 < 0, ,
2 2
, =
= 1 .
2
, = 1 , = 1 + .
B2.
= 0.
+
[ 6]
(1999)
5.25. 2010
385
. = 1, 2
= (1 ) = 1 2 + = 2.
= ( ) = (2) = 2 = 2 ( ) = 2 .
+
= 2 + 2 = 0.
B3.
| 4 + 3| = | |
.
[ 7/100]
. | | = |1 1 | = 2,
| (4 3)| = 2
4 3 2.
B4. 3,
3 7.
[ 5/100]
. = + (, ), 3
( 4) + ( + 3) = 4.
[0, 2]
4 = 2 cos + 3 = 2 sin
( ).
= 16 + 16 cos + 4 cos = 9 12 sin + 4 sin .

3
4
+ = 25 + 4(4 cos 3 sin ) + 4 = 29 + 20 cos sin .
5
5
(1999)
5.
/
386
4 3
4
3
, , [1, 1] + = 1. ,
5 5
5
5
[0, 2] ..
sin =
4
3
sin = .
5
5
4
3
cos = sin cos cos sin = sin( ).
5
5
:
1 sin( ) 1
4
3
1 cos 1
5
5
4
3
20 20 cos 20
5
5
9 + 49
3 + 7
3 || 7.

() = 2 + ln( + 1), .
1. .
[ 5/100]
. + 1 > 0,
. D = . , ,

() = 2 + ln( + 1)
( + 1)
= 2+
+1
2
= 2+
+1
+ + 1
= 2
.
+ 1
+2+1 > 0 +1 > 0 , () > 0, .

, , .
.
(1999)
5.25. 2010
387
2. :
(3 2) + 1
.
2( 3 + 2) = ln
+ 1
[ 7/100]
. :
(3 2) + 1
+ 1
2 2(3 2) = ln (3 2) + 1 ln + 1
2 + ln ( ) + 1 = 2(3 2) + ln (3 2) + 1
= (3 2)
= 3 2, 11
3 + 2
= 1, = 2.
2( 3 + 2) = ln
3.

.
[ 6/100]
+ + 1
+ 1
. ( ) :
. () = 2
( + + 1) ( + 1) ( + + 1) ( + 1)
( + 1)
(2 + 1) ( + 1) ( + + 1) 2
= 2
( + 1)
1
= = 2
.
( + 1)
() = 2

() 0 1 0 1 1 1.
:
(, 1) .
(1999)
5.
/
388
(1, 1) .
(1, +) .
= 1 . = (1) = 2 + ln 2,
A(1, 2 + ln 2).
= 1 . = (1) = 2 + ln 2,
B(1, 2 + ln 2).
C A (1) = 1,

= 2 + ln 2 + + 1.
C B (1) = 3,

= 2 + ln 2 + 3 3.
(
), 2 + ln 2 + 3 3 = 2 +
ln 2 + + 1 = 0. .
4.
I = ().
[ 7/100]
.
I = ()
= 2 + ln( + 1)
= 2 + 2 ln( + 1).
:
I = =
1 (1) 2

=
= .
3
3
3
, () =
2 ln( + 1), D = [1, 1], : I = 0.
,
I=
2
2
+0= .
3
3
(1999)
5.25. 2010
389
() , () = 3 +
.
()
1.
()
.
()
() =
[ 5/100]
. , :
()( ) = +3+
3
= +
.
()
()
()
()
()
=1+
.

() =
() ( )
=

()
, . de lHpital
:
()
lim
()
= lim
( )
(
( )
=
.
( )

lim () = lim 1 + lim
( )
()
=1+
=
.

( ) ( )
(1999)
390
5.
/
,
() =
()
.
()
2. () = () 2(), , .
[ 7/100]
. ,
:
() = () 2()
= () ) 2()
= 2() () 2() 2 ()
()
()
2() 2
()
()
= =0
= 2
.
3. () = + + 9 , .
[ 6/100]
. . , = 0
(0) 0 = 3 +
(0) = 3.
(0) 0
, (0) = (0) 2 0 (0) = 9.

, () = 3.
() 2() = 9 () 2() 9 = 0.
, () = (2) + 9 4 1 = 4( + 9) > 0
(), =
2 4( + 9)
= + 9.
2
( (0) = 3),
.
(1999)
5.26. 2010
4.
391
() <
(),
.
[ 7/100]
+
. () = (), .
[, + 1], (, + 1)
() =
() () = (+1)(0)()(0) = (+1)().

(, + 1) ..
() = ( + 1) ()
+
( + 1) () =
()
()
+ 1 + ( + 1) + 9 + 9 =
()
1 + ( + 1) + 9 + 9 =
()
()
().
:
( + 1) > ( + 1) + 9 > + 9
1 + ( + 1) + 9 + 9 > 1 > 0
+
()
() <
+
+
5.26
() > 0
().
2010
:
A1. () = sin , ,
(sin ) = cos .
(1999)
392
5.
/
[ 8/100]
.
sin( + ) = sin cos + sin cos sin( ) = sin cos sin cos .
= + = ,
sin sin = 2 sin
cos
.
2
2
() = sin
sin sin

2 sin
cos
sin
+
=
cos
.
() =
, .

, =
:
2
+
sin
= cos .
cos lim
( ) = lim
A2. [, ] ;
[ 4/100]
. [, ]
,
i) (, )
lim
() ( )
lim+
() ()
lim
() ()
.
ii)
iii)
(1999)
5.26. 2010
393
A3. A
() ( );
[ 3/100]
. A ()
( ), A, () ( ).
4. , .
) () = , > 0, ( ) = .
) , = .
) lim () = + , lim
1
= 0.
()
) [, ]
() 0 [, ],
() 0.
) || = .
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
:
, + = 2 =
5.
B1. , .
[ 5/100]
. , + 2 + 5 = 0.
= 4 20 = 16,
=
2 4
2 + 4
= 1 2 =
= 1 + 2.
2
2
(1999)
5.
/
394
B2.
| | + | | = | |

( + 1) + = 4.
. = + , , , :
| | + | | = | |
| + + 1 + 2| + | + + 1 2| = | 1 2 + 1 2|
( + 1) + ( + 2) + ( + 1) + ( 2) = 16
( + 1) + = 4.
B3. 2

2 () + () = 0.
[ 6/100]
. 2 + = 0 = 2
2
( + 1) + (2) = 4 5 + 2 3 = 0.
= 4 + 60 = 64
=
2 8
= 1 = 2
10
6
2 + 8 3
= = .
10
5
5
, = 1 2 =
3 6
.
5 5
B4. , 2 | | = 4, | + | = 2.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
5.26. 2010
395
. , (2).
= + . | 1| = ( 1) + = 4 = 2,
, | 1| = 2.
= 1 = 1. | | = 2, | | = 2
| | = | 1 + 1| = | | = 4.
,
| | + | + | = 2| | + 2| |
16 + | + | = 2 4 + 2 4
| + | = 0
+ = 0
+ 1 + + 1 = 0
+ = 2
| + | = | 2|
| + | = 2.
:
() = ( 2) ln + 3, > 0.
1. .
[ 5/100]
. lim+ () = +, = 0 .
, lim+ () = +, .
2.
(0, 1] [1, +).
[ 5/100]
. D = (0, +)

ln + 2 2
1
.
() = ln + ( 2) + 1 =
1 [ln 0 0 2 2 0] () 0
(1999)
5.
/
396
0 < < 1 [ln < 0 > 0 2 2 < 0] () < 0.

:
(1, +), , [1, +)
(0, 1), , (0, 1]
1, (1) = 2.
3. () = 0 .
[ 6/100]
. lim () = lim+ = (1) = 2, .
(0, 1) = (2, +) 0 (0, 1), (0, 1)
( ) = 0.
, (1, +) = (2, +) 0 (1, +),
(1, +) ( ) = 0.
.
4. , 3 < ,
( , ) , () () = 0

(, ()) .
[ 9/100]
. () = () [ , ].
[ , ] ( , ) () = () + ().
( ) = ( ) = 0 ( ) = ( ) = 0.
Rolle, ( , ) () = 0 () () = 0.

= ()( ) + () = ().
:

(0) = 1 (0) = 0.
(1999)
5.26. 2010
1.
397
() 1 .
[ 4/100]
. () > 0 . ,
> 0 () > (0) () > 0
(0, +) , [0, +).
< 0 () < (0) () < 0

(, 0) , (, 0].
, 9, (0) = 1. ,
, () 1.
2.
lim
() +
sin
= +.
[ 6/100]
. = = , = 0 = 0 = 1 = 1,

() = () = F() F(0),
F .
, lim (F() F(0) + ) = 0
lim sin = 0 , de lHpital

L = lim
lim
() +
(sin )
= lim
() 3
= +
3 sin cos
() 3 1
= , lim sin = 0 sin > 0.
3 cos
3
3. () + 2 = 2 () + , ,

() = , .
[ 8/100]
(1999)
5.
/
398
. :
() + 2 = 2 () +
1 () + ( ) () +
() + + ( ) () + , / > 0
() + + () + ,
() + = 0
() + = ,
() = .
(0) = 1 = 1, () = .
4.
+
() =
(), 0

++
++
() + () < 0.
[ 7/100]
. [0, +)
() = ( + 1) () > 0 . ,
0, (0) = ().

++
++
() < () < 0
( + 2 + 1) < (4)
+ 2 + 1 < 4
+ 2 3 < 0.
= 16 3 1.
3 < < 1.
(1999)
6
/
6.1
2000
1:
A =
)
3 2
1 0
I =
.
2 1
0 1
= .
[ 10/100]
.
3 2
1 0
2 2
= =
=
.
2 1
0 1
2 2
) .
[ 10/100]
.
=
2 2
2 2
0 8
=
.
2 2 2 2 8 0
399
400
6. /
)
1
1 1
+ I =
.
0
2
[ 10/100]
.
1
1 1
2 1
1 1
+ I =
1 0 = 0 = 1.
1
0
2
2:
() = 4 + 4.
) .
[ 10/100]
.
() = ( 4 + 4) = 2 4.
) .
[ 10/100]
. () 0 2 4 0 2, :
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, +), [2, +)
2, (2) = 0.
)
.
[ 10/100]
. . ().
(1999)
6.1. 2000
401
3:

.
:
(1999)
402
6. /
5 (0 ),
25 1 ,
15 2 ,
5 3 .
) .
( ) ( )
[ 5/100]
.
( ) ( )
0
5
1
25
2
15
3
5
50
) ()
.
[ 15/100]
.
=
0, 5 + 1 25 + 2 15 + 2 5 70
=
=
= 1, 4.
50
50
(1999)
6.2. 2001
403
)
.
[ 10/100]
. : = = 5, = + = 30, = + = 45
= + = 50. :
0
5
1
25
2
15
3
5
50
N
5
30
45
50
) ,
.
[ 10/100]
. + = = 30 .
6.2
2001
1:

( )
1
12
2
15
3
8
4
5
5
10
50
. ( ) . % ( %)
(1999)
404
6. /
) .
[19/100]
. = + + = 50.
= 0, 24, = 0, 3, = 0, 16, = 0, 1, = 0, 2
% = 24, % = 30, % = 16, % = 10, % = 20.

= 12, = 30, = 24, = 20, = 50
136.
( )
1
12
12
2
15
30
3
8
24
4
5
20
5
10
50
50
136
. ( ) . % ( %)
0, 24
24
0, 3
30
0, 16
16
0, 1
10
0, 2
20
1
100
) .
[ 6/100]
. =
136
=
= 2, 72.
50
2:
A =
1 2
.
3 1
) A .
[ 8/100]
. E
A = A A =
1 2
1 2
7 4
=
.
3 1
3 1
6 7
(1999)
6.2. 2001
405
) B = A + I, , I =
1 0
0 1 .
[ 7/100]
.
B = A + I =
1 2
1 0
+ 2
+
=
.
3 1
0 1
3 +
, A = B.
[ 10/100]
.
+=7
7 4
+ 2
=B
=
2 = 4
6 7
3 +
3 = 6
=2
= 5 .
3:
() = 2 3 + 12 + 2.
)
.
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = 2 3 + 12 + 2 = 6 6 + 12.
(1999)
406
6. /
) .
[ 10/100]
.
() 0 6( + 2) 0 + 2 0.
= 1 + 8 = 9 , =
1.
() 0 2 1.
1 3
= 2
2
:
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, 1), [2, 1]
(1, +), [1, +).
)
[ 5/100]
. 2 1.
) .
[ 5/100]
. 2 (2) = 20 + 2
1 (1) = 7 + 2.
4:
:
5 + 6
, >3
() =
3
+ 3 + 1, 3
. :
(1999)
6.3. 2002
)
407
lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
5 + 6
( 2)( 3)
=
= 2,
3
3

. > 3, () =
lim () = lim+ ( 2) = 1.
) lim ().
[ 5/100]
. > 3, () = + 3 + 1,

lim () = lim+ ( + 3 + 1) = 9 + 9 + 1.
) ,
= 3.
[ 12/100]
. ,
lim+ () = lim () = (3)
6.3
9 + 9 + 1 = 1
9( + 1) = 0
= 0 = 1.
2002
1:
11 :
12, 12, 9, 15, 12, 16, 17, 7, 19, 18, 17.
:
(1999)
408
6. /
)
[ 5/100]
. ,
. ( ) = + = + + :
7
1
9
1
12
3
15
1
16
1
17
2
18
1
19
1
11
N
7
1
9
2
36
5
15
6
16
7
34
9
18 10
19 11
154
( )
49
25
12
1
4
18
16
25
150
) .
[ 5/100]
. =
154
=
= 14.
11
) .
[ 5/100]
. = 12 = 3.
)
[ 5/100]
= 5, 5
2
15 + 15
= 15.
= 6. , =
2
.
) .
[ 5/100]
. =
( ) 150
=
.
11
(1999)
6.3. 2002
409
2:

1
1
() = + ln 2.
3
2
)
.
[ 8/100]
1
1
1
1
() = + ln 2 = ( ) ( ) + (ln 2) = .
3
2
3
2
) (0) (1).
[ 5/100]
. (0) = 0 0 = 0 (1) = 1 1 = 0.
)
.
[ 12/100]
. () 0 ( 1) 0 0 1, :
(, 0]
[0, 1]
[1, +).
3:

() =
1, 1
+ 2, < 1
.
(1999)
410
6. /
) lim+ ().
[ 10/100]
. > 1 () = 1, lim+ () = lim+ ( 1) =
1.
) lim ().
[ 10/100]
. < 1 () = + 2, lim () = lim ( + 2) = 3.
) , = 1.
[ 5/100]
. ,
lim () = lim () = (1) 1 = 3 = 4.
4:
() = ,
,
lim () = 1.
) .
[ 10/100]
. lim = 1 1 = 1, 1 = 1 = 2.
) , .
[ 8/100]
. , () = 2 ,

() = 2( ) () = 6 1.
(1999)
6.4. 2003
411
().
[ 7/100]
() = (2 )
= 2
1 0
= 2
(1 0)
4
= 0.
= 2
6.4
2003
1:
:
5, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3,
> 0.
)
= 4, = 2.
[ 7/100]
.
=
9 + 14
8
9 + 14
8
9 + 14 = 32
9 = 18
= 2.
4=
) = 2, :
(1999)
412
6. /
i) T .
[ [5/100]
. = 2 :
2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6.
R = 6 2 = 4.
ii) T .
[ 5/100]
. 3, 3.
iii) T .
[ 8/100]
. /
(2 4) + 3(3 4) + (4 4) + (5 4) + 2(6 4) 4 + 3 + 0 + 1 + 8 16
=
=
= 2,
=
8
8
8
= 2.
2:

+ 6 7
, 1
() =
1
2,
=1
.
) (0) (2).
[ 6/100]
. (0) =
0 + 6 0 7
2 + 6 2 7
= 7 (2) =
= 9.
01
21
(1999)
6.4. 2003
413
) lim
+ 6 7
.
1
[ 10/100]
. 1,
() =
+ 6 7 1 + 6 6 ( 1)( + 1) + 6( 1) ( 1)( + 7)
=
=
=
= +7.
1
1
1
1

lim
+ 6 7
= lim( + 7) = 8.
, = 1.
[ 9/100]
. ,
lim () = (1) 2 = 8 = 10.
3:
() = ln + 1 > 0.
)
(1).
[ 4/100]
. (1) = ln 1 + 1 1 = 0 + 0 = 0.
) () ().
[ 14/100]
. (0, +)
() =
1
1
+ 1, () = .
(1999)
414
6. /
) > 0.
[ 7/100]
1
1
> 0 1 > 0, () = + 1 > 0.
(0, +).
. > 0
4:
( ) ,
( )
() = 3 + 30, 0 10.
) = 0;
[ 5/100]
. 0, (0) = 3 0 +
30 0 = 0 .
)
.
[ 7/100]
. , () = 6 + 30, [0, 10].
) , .
[ 7/100]
. .
() 0 6 + 30 0 0 5.
:
( )
[0, 5]
( )
[5, 10].
(1999)
6.5. 2004
415
)
, .
[ 6/100]
. = 5 ,
(5) = 3 5 + 30 5 = 75 .
6.5
2004
1:
25 . :
. . . %
N
%
0
4
2
5
3
4
4
3
5
2
.
[ 5/100]
. = 25,
+ + = 25 + 18 = 25 = 7.
N = + =
+ + .
= 4, = 11, = 16, = 20, = 23, = 25.
% = 100 =
100 = 4 .
25
% = 16, % = 28, % = 20, % = 16, % = 12, % = 8.
:
(1999)
416
6. /
. . . %
N
%
0
4
4
16
1
7
11
28
2
5
16
20
3
4
20
16
4
3
23
12
5
2
25
8
25
100
) .
[ 5/100]
. = 1 = 7.
) .
[ 5/100]
= 13,
2
= 16. =
= 2.
.
) ;
[ 5/100]
. % = 16% .
) ;
[ 5/100]
. = 16 .
2o:

2 18
, >9
() = 3
+ 3, 9
.
(1999)
6.5. 2004
)
417
lim+ ().
[ 12/100]
. > 9
() =
2( 9) + 3
2( 9) + 3
2 18
=
=
=.
9
3 + 3
3

lim () = lim+ 2 + 3 = 29 + 3 = 12.
) lim ().
[ 5/100]
. < 9 () = + 3,
lim () = lim ( + 3) = 9 + 3.
)
= 9.
[ 8/100]
. = 9
lim () = lim+ () = (9) 9 + 3 = 12 = 1.
3:

() = 2 9 + + ,
, .
(1999)
418
6. /
) .
[ 5/100]
. , ,
() = (2 9 + + ) = 6 18 + .
) (1) = 0 (2) = 5, .
[ 10/100]
.
(1) = 0 6 1 18 1 + = 0 = 12
(2) = 5 2 2 9 2 + 12 2 + = 5 = 1.
) (),
.
[ 10/100]
. ,
() = 2 9 +12+1 () = 6 18+12 = 6( 3+2) = 6(1)(2).
() 0 1 2.
:
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, 2), [1, 2]
(2, +), [2, +).
4:
, , 200 . :
(1999)
6.5. 2004
419
)

E() = + 200.
[ 5/100]
. , 200 ,

E() = (200 ) = 200
0 < < 200.
) ;
[ 10/100]
. ,
E () = 2 200, 0 < < 200.
E () 0 0 < 100.
, :
(0, 100), (0, 100]
(100, 200), [100, 200)
= 100.
o .
[ 10/100]
.
(100) = 10. 000 + 20. 000 = 10. 000 . .
(1999)
420
6. /
6.6 2005
1:
50 /-
. .
N

0
11
1
25
2
42
3
47
4
50
) .
[ 8/100]
. , = + = N+ N .
N

0
11
11
0
1
14
25
14
2
28
42
56
3
5
47
15
4
3
50
12
50
97
) .
[ 8/100]
. =
97
=
= 1, 94.
50
(1999)
6.6. 2005
)
421
.
[ 5/100]
. = 25 =
2
25 + 1 = 26 =
2
42. ,
=
+ 1 + 2
=
= 1, 5.
2
2
) .
[ 4/100]
. R = = 4 0 = 4.
2:
:
,
< 1
1
() =
+ ,
1 1
+ 2 + 5 + ln ,
>1
, .
)
lim ().
[ 4/100]
1
( 1)( + 1)
=
= + 1,
1
1
lim () = 1 + 1 = 0.
. < 1 () =
) lim+ ().
[ 4/100]
. lim+ () = lim+ ( + ) = + .
(1999)
422
6. /
) lim ().
[ 4/100]
. lim () = lim ( + ) = + .
) lim+ ().
[ 4/100]
. lim+ () = lim+ ( + 2 + 5 + ln ) = 8.
) , lim ()
lim ().
[ 9/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () + = 0
lim () = lim+ () + = 8.
= = 4.
3:
,
() = 2.
) (0) = 0 (2) = 0.
[ 4/100]
. (0) = 0 2 0 = 0 (2) = 2 2 2 = 0.
) .
[ 6/100]
. () 0 ( 2) 0 0 2,
:
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, 2), [0, 2]
(2, +), [2, +).
(1999)
6.6. 2005
)
423
().
[ 6/100]
. ,
() = ( 2) = 2 2.
)
;
[ 4/100]
. = 0
= 2.
) (0) = 2005, .
[ 5/100]
.
() = () = ( 2) =
+
3
.
(0) = 2005
() =
0
0 + = 2005 = 2005
3
+ 2005.
3
4:
.

N() = 2 + 5 + 1000, 0 10,
.
)
( = 0);
[ 5/100]
. (0) = 2 0 0 + 5 0 + 1000 = 1000 .

(1999)
424
6. /
) .
[ 8/100]
. ,
N () = (2 + 5 + 1000) = 6 2 + 5, 0 10.
)
.
[ 7/100]
. N (2) = 6 2 2 2 + 5 = 25.
) ;
[ 5/100]
. N(10) = 2 10 10 + 5 10 + 1000 = 2950.
6.7 2006
1:
X:
16, 14, 22, 18, 20 + ,
. CV
20% 4, :
) = 20.
[ 7/100]
. CV =
100
4
100 =
100 = 20.
CV
20
(1999)
6.7. 2006
425
) .
[ 10/100]
. =
16 + 14 + 22 + 18 + 20 + 90 +
=
,
5
5
90 +
= 20 90 + = 10 = 10.
5
) (),
.
[ 5/100]
. ,
14, 16, 18, 22, 30.

, = 18.
) ;
[ 3/100]
. CV > 10%, .
2:
() = 4 12 + 2006, .
)
.
[ 8/100]
. F() = () = (4 12 + 2006) = 6 + 2006 + ,

.
) .
[ 8/100]
. ,
() = (4 12 + 2006) = 12 12 = 12( 1).
(1999)
426
6. /
) .
[ 9/100]
. () 0 12( 1) 0 0 1. ,
:
(, 0), , (, 0]
(0, 1), , [0, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +).
3:
, :
4
, > 2
2
() = 4,
=2
+ , < 2
) lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
. > 2
() =
4
( 2)( + 2)
=
= ( + 2).
2
2
lim+ () = lim+ ( + 2) = 4.
) lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim ( + ) = 2 + .
) , = 2.
[ 8/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (2)
4 = 4 2 + = 4
= 2 = 2.
(1999)
6.7. 2006
427
) (),
(0) (3).
[ 4/100]
. (0) = 1 0 + 2 = 2 (3) = (3 + 2) 1 = 5.
4:
, ,
. , 50cm.
)
1
E() = (50 ), 0 < < 50.
2
[ 8/100]
. ,
1
50 , . E() = (50 ),
2
0 < < 50.
) () ;
[ 12/100]
. (0, 50) ,
1
1
E () = (50 ) = (50 2) = 25 .
2
2
E () 0 25 0 25, :
(0, 25), ,
(0, 25]
(25, 50), ,
[25, 50).
(1999)
428
6. /
) .
[ 5/100]
. 25,
(25) =
1
625
25 (50 25) =
.
2
2
6.8 2007
1:
25 :
. .

[ , )

[2, 4)
[4, 6)
[6, 8)
[8, 10)
[10, 12)
. % . . . %
%
F %
[ 10/100]
(1999)
6.8. 2007
429
. . +
=
.
2

% = 100 =
100 = 4 .
25
, F % =
% F+ % = F % + %.
, :

. % . . . %
[ , )

%
F %
[2, 4)
3
3
9
12
12
[4, 6)
6
5
30
24
36
[6, 8)
8
7
56
32
68
[8, 10)
5
9
45
20
88
[10, 12)
3
10
30
12
100
25
170
100
. .
[ 5/100]
. =
170 680
=
=
= 6, 8 min.
25
100
. 6 ;
[ 5/100]
. 6 + + = 16 .
.
8 ;
[ 5/100]
. 8 % + % + % = F % = 68% .
(1999)
430
6. /
2:

4 + 3
, <0
() = 3 + ,
=0
,
>0
, .
. lim ().
[ 8/100]
. < 0
() =
( 4 + 3 ( 1)( 3)
=
= 3.
( 1)
( 1)
lim () = lim ( 3) = 3.
. lim+ ().
[ 4/100]
. lim+ () = lim+ ( ) = = 1 .
. , lim ().
[ 8/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () 1 = 3 = 4.
. = 4 ,
0.
[ 5/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (0) 3 + = 3 = 0.
(1999)
6.8. 2007
431
3:
() = + + , , .
= 1 (1, 0)
:
. = 2 = 1.
[ 12/100]
. A(1, 0) C 0 = 1 + 1 + = 0 + = 1.
,
() = ( + + ) = 2 + .
= 1 , Fermat
(1) = 0 2 + = 0 = 2. = 1.
. .
[ 5/100]
. , () = 2 + 1, () =
2 2. , () = 2.
. :
() + () + () > 0.
[ 8/100]
. () + () + () = 2 + 1 + 2 2 + 2 = + 1 > 0.
4:
() = 10 ln 5 , > 0.
. .
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = (10 ln 5 ) = 10(ln ) 5( ) =
10
10(1 )
10 =
.
(1999)
432
6. /
. .
[ 8/100]
.
() 0
10(1 )
0 1 0 1 1.
:
(0, 1), , (0, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +).
. .
.
[ 8/100]
. 1, (1) = 10 ln 151 = 5.
. () 5, > 0.
[ 4/100]
. > 0 () (0), () 5.
6.9 2008
1:
:
8, 14, 20, 12, 16.
. .
[ 4/100]
. =
8 + 14 + 20 + 12 + 16 70
=
= 14.
5
5
(1999)
6.9. 2008
433
. .
[ 3/100]
. ,
8, 12, 14, 16, 20.
, = 14.
. .
[ 6/100]
.
=
(8 14) + (12 14) + (14 14) + (16 14) + (20 14) 80

=
= 16.
5
5
, = 16 = 4.
. .
[ 3/100]
. R = 20 12 = 8.
. .
[ 9/100]
.
CV =
4
2
2
=
= >
= 0, 1.
14 7 20
2:

1 , 0 < 1
() = ( 1)
1
,
1
3 1
0.
(1999)
434
6. /
. lim ().
[ 10/100]
. 0 < 1,
( 1)( + 1)
1
1
() =
=
=
.
( 1)( + 1) ( 1)( + 1) ( + 1)
(1) = lim () = lim
1
1
1
=
=
.
( + 1) (1 + 1) 2
. lim+ ().
[ 6/100]
. lim+ () = lim+
1
1
1
=
= .
3 1 3 1 1 2
. = 1.
[ 9/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (1)
1
1
=
= 1.
2 2
3:
() = , .
. () ().
[ 6/100]
. , () =
() = .
(1999)
6.9. 2008
435
. ,
() () 2() = 0.
[ 9/100]
.
() () 2() = 0
2 = 0
( 1) = 0
1 = 0
= 1 = 2.
. , (i) = 2, (ii)
= 1.
[ 10/100]
. = 2 () = , () = 2 . , () > 0,
, .
= 1 () = , () = . , () < 0,
, .
4:
1
() = 2 + 3 + 2008, .
3
. .
[ 6/100]
. , () = 4 + 3.
. .
[ 12/100]
.
() 0 4 + 3 0 1 3.
, :
(1999)
436
6. /
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 3), , [1, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +)
1, (1) =
4
+ 2008
3
3, (3) = 2008.
. () 2008 , [1, +).

[ 7/100]
. [1, +) () (3), () 2008.
6.10 2009
1:
25 .
. % . . . . .
%
N
F %

2
4
3
6
4
5
5
7
6
2
7
1
. .
[ 8/100]
.
% =
100 =
100 = 4 .
25
(1999)
6.10. 2009
437

N = , N+ = N + + .

F % = %, F+ % = F % + + %.
, :
. % . . . . .
%
N
F %

2
4
16
4
16
8
3
6
24
10
40
18
4
5
20
15
60
20
5
7
28
22
88
35
6
2
8
24
96
12
7
1
4
25
100
7
25
100
100
. .
[ 6/100]
. =
100
=
= 4.
25
. 4 .
[ 6/100]
. = 15 .
. 5 .
[ 5/100]
. % + % + % =
28 + 8 + 4 = 40% .
(1999)
438
6. /
2:
:
8 + 12
, >6
6
() = 3 5,
=6
(2 ), < 6
, .
. lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
. > 6
() =
8 + 12 ( 6)( 2)
=
= 2.
6
6
lim+ () = lim+ ( 2) = 4.
. lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim (2 ) = (2 6 ) = 12 .
. lim ().
[ 6/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () 12 = 4 = 8.
. = 8 = 6.
[ 6/100]
. lim () = (6) 3 5 = 4 = 3.
3:
() =
2
, .
(1999)
6.10. 2009
439
. .
[ 8/100]
. ,

() =
( 2) ( 2) ( ) + 3
=
.
( )
. .
[ 10/100]
. () 0 + 3 0 3. :
(, 3), , (, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +).
. = 3
1
.
[ 7/100]
. 3, ,
.
(3) =
32
1
= .
4:
1
+ 2 , , .
3
M(0, 5)
= 1 , :
() =
(1999)
440
6. /
. .
[ 13/100]
.
M(0, 5) C (0) = 5 2 = 5 = 3.
, () =
1
+ 2 = 2 + 3. 1 ,
3
Fermat
(1) = 0 1 2 1 + 3 = 0 = 2.
. = 2 = 3:
i. ,
[ 6/100]
ii. .
[ 6/100]
1
. , , () = 2 + 3 5
3
() = 4 + 3.
() 0 1 3
:
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 3), , [1, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +).
1, (1) =
11
.
3
3, (3) = 5.
(1999)
6.11. 2009
6.11
441
2009
1:
) ( ) A.
;
[ 7/100]
. A,
,
lim () = ( ).
) , .
) ()
10%,
.
[ 3/100]
) (cos ) = sin .
[ 3/100]
) (, ) . () < 0
(, ), (, ).
[ 3/100]
) = ( ), .
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
442
6. /
) ,
A,
:
) ( ) () =
[ 2/100]
) ( ) () = , .
[ 2/100]
1
= , > > 0.
[ 2/100]
) ( ) () = () () + () ().
[ 2/100]
) ( ) () = (), .
[ 2/100]
1
= ln ln , > > 0.
[ 2/100]
2:
25 /-
. :
/- . (%) . . . .
%
N
F %

1
4
2
3
8
4
7
.
(1999)
6.11. 2009
)
443
.
[ 10/100]
. = + + + 25 = 4 + + 8 + 7 = 6.

% =
100 = 4 .

N = , N+ = N + +

F % = %, F+ % = F % + + %.
, :
/- . (%) . . . .
%
N
F %

1
4
16
4
16
4
2
6
24
10
40
12
3
8
32
18
72
24
4
7
28
25
100
28
.
25
100
68
) .
[ 5/100]
1
= 12 = 18
2
, = = 3.
.
[ 5/100]
. =
68
=
= 2, 72.
25
(1999)
444
6. /
) /-
;
[ 5/100]
. % + % = 32 + 28 = 60%
/-.
3:
() = + 6 + 8.
) ().
[ 4/100]
. ,
() = ( + 6 + 8) = 2 + 6.
B) .
[ 8/100]
. () 0 2 + 6 0 3. , :
(, 3), , (, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +).
) ;
.
[ 6/100]
. 3, (3) = 3 + 6 3 + 8 = 17.
) ().
[ 7/100]
.
() = ( + 6 + 8) =
+ 3 + 8 = + 3 3 + 8 3 = 42.
3
3
(1999)
6.11. 2009
445
4:

() = + 4 + 2 ,
= lim
A)
+ 3 + 2
.
+1
.
[ 5/100]
. 1
+ 3 + 2 ( + 1)( + 2)
=
= + 2.
+1
+1

+ 3 + 2
= lim ( + 2) = 1 + 2 = 1.
+1
= lim
) = 1:
)
N ().
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = ( + 4 + 2 ) = 3 + 4 + 2 .
) N .
[ 5/100]
. , 3 + 4 > 0 > 0. () > 0.
.
(1999)
446
6. /
) ,
, = 2 = 4,
84 + 2 2 ..
[ 10/100]
.
E = ( + 4 + 2 )
= + 2 + 2
3
4
2
=
+ 2 4 + 2
2 2 2
3
3
= 84 + 2 2 .
6.12 2010

O :
2, 6, 6 + , 11, 11, 12 +
.
1. 9, = 3.
[ 5/100]
.
= 9
2 + 6 + 6 + + 11 + 11 + 12 +
= 9 48+2 = 54 = 3.
6
2. = 3, .
[ 4/100]
. , ,
2, 6, 9, 11, 11, 15.
=
9 + 11
= 10.
2
(1999)
6.12. 2010
447
3. = 3,
.
[ 4/100]
. R = 15 2 = 13. 2,
2.
4. = 3, .
[ 8/100]
.
(2 9) + (6 9) + (9 9) + 2 (11 2) + (15 9) 100 50
=
=
= .
6
6
3
5. = 3, .
[ 4/100]
.
52
1
CV = = =
> .
9
93 10
.

(0, +) :
() =
ln + 3 , 0 < < 1
+ 1,
=1

,
>1
1
, .
B1. lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim ln + 3 = ln 1 + 3 1 = 3 .
(1999)
448
6. /
B2. lim+ ().

[ 10/100]
. > 1
() =
(1 )(1 + )
(1 )(1 + )
(1 )
=
=
= (1 + ).
1
1
(1 )(1 + )
lim+ () = lim+ (1 + = 1(1 + 1) = 2.

B3. lim ().
[ 4/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () 3 = 2 = 1.
4. = 1,
= 1.
[ 6/100]
.
lim () = (1) 2 = + 1 = 1 = 1.

() = ( 3), .
1. .
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = ( ) ( 3) + ( 3) = ( + 2 3).
(1999)
6.12. 2010
449
2. .
[ 10/100]
. + 2 3 = 16
=
2 4
2 + 4
= 1, =
= 3.
2
2
() 0 + 2 3 0 = 3 1, :
(, 3), , (, 3]
(3, 1), , [3, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +).
3. ;
.
[ 10/100]
. :
3, (3) = 6
1 (1) = 2.

() = 3 + ,
.
1. = 1, .
[ 10/100]
. Fermat,
(1) = 0 1 3 1 + = 0 = 2.
(1999)
450
6. /
2. = 2,
.
[ 7/100]
. () 0 3 + 2 0 1 2, :
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 2), , [1, 2]
(2, +), , [2, +)
1
2.
6
3. = 2, =
5
3
= , = 4 = 6.
2
[ 8/100]
6 3
6
6 3
3
. , (1, 2) < . > ( .
5 2
5 2
5
2
, 4, 6 (2, +) 4 < 6, (4) < (6).
6.13 2010

1.
;
[ 5/100]
. , () ( )
lim

.
(1999)
6.13. 2010
451
2. ,
.
) .
) lim () ,
lim () = ||.
)
, .
) () = , .
[ 12/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
3. :

) () = , () 0.
) = , > 0.
) ( ) = .
) (cos ) = .
[ 8/100]
.
()() () ()

) () =
, () 0.
()
1
) =
, > 0.
) ( ) = .
) (cos ) = sin .
(1999)
452
6. /
B
50 ,
, :
. . . . . . .
F %

0
8
1
10
2
3
10
4
5
5
2
B1. .
[ 10/100]
. + + = 35 + = 50 = 15.

% =
100 =
100 = 2 .
50

= , N+ = N + +

F % = %, F+ % = F % + + %.
, :
. . . . . . .
F %

0
8
16
8
16
0
1
10
20
18
36
10
2
15
30
33
66
30
3
10
20
43
86
30
4
5
10
48
96
20
5
2
4
50
100
10
50
100
100
(1999)
6.13. 2010
453
2. .
[ 5/100]
. =
100
=
= 2.
50
3. .
[ 5/100]
= 25, + 1 = 26 = 33
2
2
+
. =
= = 2.
2
.
4.
2 4 .
[ 5/100]
. 2 4 + + = 10+15+5 = 30 ,
30
100 = 60% .
50

4 + 3
, <1
() =
1
+ 3 + , 1
.
1. lim ().
[ 7/100]
. < 1
() =
4 + 3 ( 1)( 3) 3
=
=
.
1
( 1)( + 1) + 1
lim () = lim
3 13
=
= 1.
+1 1+1
(1999)
454
6. /
2. lim+ ().
[ 7/100]
.
lim () = lim+ + 3 + = 1 + 3 + = 2 + .
3. ,
= 1.
[ 5/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (1) 2 + = 1 = 3.
4. = 3, A = 3(0) + 2(6).
[ 6/100]
.
A = 3(0) + 2(6) = 3
0 4 0 + 3
+ 26 + 3 3 = = 9.
0 1

1
5
() = + + , , . 3
2
= 2
(0, 1), :
1. .
[ 8/100]
. , () = 5+
. Fermat,
(2) = 0 2 5 2 + = 0 = 6.
,
A(0, 1) C (0) = 1 = 1.
(1999)
6.13. 2010
2.
455
= 6 = 1, .
[ 6/100]
1
5
. () = + 6 + 1, () = 5 + 6.
3
2
() 0 5 + 6 0 2 3,

(, 2), , (, 2]
(2, 3), , [2, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +).
3. = 6 = 1, ,
.
[ 6/100]
. :
2, (2) =
17
3, (3) =
4.
11
.
2
= 6 = 1, ().
[ 5/100
1 5
5
+ 3 + = .
() = + 6 + 1 =
3
2
12
6
(1999)
456
6. /
(1999)
II

457
7.1
2001
1:
. ) sin 2 = 2 sin cos .
[ 4,5/100]
. sin 2 = sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin = 2 sin cos .
) ,
.

. tan( + )
. cos
. cos( )
. sin( + )

1. 2 cos 2 1
2. 2 sin 1
3. cos cos + sin sin
4. 2 cos
tan + tan
5.
1 tan tan
6. sin cos + cos sin

.
[ 8/100]
. -5, -1, -3, -6.
459
460
7.
. :
)
tan 20 + tan 25
,
1 tan 20 tan 25
[ 3/100]
) sin 15 cos 15,

[ 3,5/100]
) cos 55 cos 10 + sin 55 sin 10,
[ 3/100]
) 2 cos 15 1.
[ 3/100]
.
)
tan 20 + tan 25
= tan(20 + 25) = tan 45 = 1,
1 tan 20 tan 25
) sin 15 cos 15 =
1
1
sin 30 = ,
2
4
) cos 55 cos 10 + sin 55 sin 10 = cos(55 10) = cos 45 =

) 2 cos 15 1 = cos(2 15) = cos 30 =
2
,
2
3
.
2
2:
F() = + 3 3.
) F() 2.
[ 8/100]
. = F(2) = 7.
(1999)
7.1. 2001
461
) F() 1.
[ 8/100]
. F() 1 Horner:
1 1 3 3
1 0
3
1
0 3
0
F() = ( 1)( + 3), +

3.
)
F() = 0.
[ 9/100]
.
F() = 0
( 1)( + 3) = 0
1 = 0, + 3 > 0,
= 1.
3:
1, sin + 1, sin + 3, .
) , ,
.
[ 8/100]
.
1 sin 1 sin 2
sin + 4 2 sin + 2
1 + sin + 3 2(sin + 1),
.
) 0 1, sin + 1, sin + 3, ,
, :
(1999)
462
7.
i) =
.
2
[ 12/100]
.
(sin + 1) = 1(sin + 3)
sin + sin 2 = 0
sin = 2 (.) sin = 1 ()
sin = 1
= , 0 .
2
ii) .
[ 5/100]
. =
sin + 1
= sin + 1 = 2.
2
2
4:
12 ,
400. 000 .
10. 000 .
.
) ;
[ 7/100]
. ( ) =
400 = 10,
.
,
= + 9 = 400 + 9 10 = 490 ./ .
) 82
;
[ 8/100]
. ,
= + 11 = 400 + 11 10 = 510 ./ ,
82 510 82 = 41. 820 ..
(1999)
7.2. 2002
463
) 200 ,
;
[ 10/100]
.

S =
12
( + ) = 6(490 + 510) = 6. 000
2
6. 000 200 = 1. 200. 000 .
7.2
2002
1:
. : cos 2 = cos sin .
[ 10/100]
. :
cos 2 = 1 sin 2 =
=
=
=
1 4 sin cos
1 4(1 cos ) cos
1 4 cos + 4 cos
2 cos 1 ,
cos 2 = 2 cos 1.
, , cos 2 = 2 cos 1, [0, 2] :
cos 2 > 0 2 cos 1 < 0

1
cos 2 > 0 cos < < 0
2
2
2
cos 2 > 0
< cos <
2
2
<< +
< 2 <
2
2
2
2 4
<< + ,
<<
4
4
2
2 4
.
cos 2 = 2 cos 1 = cos sin .
(1999)
464
7.
. , .
1. tan( + ) =
tan + tan
, cos 0, cos 0 cos( + ) 0.
1 tan tan
2. sin 2 = 2 sin .
3. sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin .
[ 9/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. .
.
:
1. sin = , = sin
2. cos = , = cos
3. tan = , = tan .
[ 6/100]
= 2 +
1. sin = sin
, .
= 2 +
= 2 +
2. cos = cos
, .
= 2
3. tan = tan = + , .
2:
, tan =
1
1
tan = .
2
3
) tan( ).
[ 9/100]
.

tan tan
=
tan( ) =
=
1 + tan tan 1 +
1+
1
= .
7
(1999)
7.2. 2002
465
) tan( + ) = 1.
[ 8/100]
.
+
tan + tan
tan( + ) =
=
=
1 tan tan 1
1
= 1.
2 2 .
[ 8/100]
. , 0, , 0 < + < .
2
tan( + ) = tan , + = , 2 + 2 =
4
4
2
.
3:
= 2 + 2, = 6 2 = 5 + 4
.
)
= 2.
[ 5/100]
.
= + 6 2 = 2 + 2 + 4 4 =
(7.1)
= + 5 + 2 = 6 2 + + 6 = .
(7.2)
(7.1) (7.2) 4 4 = + 6 = 2.
) .
[ 5/100]
. (7.1) = 4.
(1999)
466
7.
) .
[ 7/100]
. , = 2 2 + 2 = 6.
= + 499 = 6 + 499 4 = 2002.
) S .
[ 8/100]
.
S =
500
( + ) = 250(6 + 2002) = 502. 000.
2
4:
() = ( + 1) + ( 1) + 2, ,
(2) = 0.
) = 2.
[ 8/100]
. :
P(2) = 0
2 ( + 1)2 + ( 1)2 + 2
2(4 2 2 + 1 + 1) = 0
= 2.
) () + 3.
[ 8/100]
. P() + 3 Horner.
1 3 1
2 3
3 18 2 57
1 6 19
55
P() = ( 3)( 6 + 19) 55.
(1999)
7.3. 2003
)
467
() = 2.
[ 9/100]
.
P() = 2
7.3
3 + + 2 = 2
3 + 4 = 0
+ 1 3 + 3 = 0
( + 1)( + 1) 3( 1)( + 1) = 0
( + 1)[ + 1 3( 1)] = 0
( + 1)( 4 + 4) = 0
( + 1)( 2) = 0
= 1, = = 2.
2003
1:
. , ,
,
=
+
.
2
[ 10/100]
.
, ,
==
=
2 = +
+
.
=
2
. , .
1. cos 2 = 2 cos + 1,
2. sin( ) = sin cos sin cos ,
(1999)
468
7.
3. sin =
1 cos 2
,
2
4. tan 2 =
2 tan
, cos 0 cos 2 0,
1 tan
5. sin 2 = 2 sin cos .

[ 15/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
810
2430. :
) .
[ 7/100]
. =
2430
=
= 3.
810
) .
[ 8/100]
. i = , =
810
=
= 30.
27
) S .
[10/100]
. S =
1
3 1
6561 1
= 30
= 30
= 30 3. 280 = 98. 400.
1
31
2
3:
, cos =
1
2
sin = , :
2
2
(1999)
7.3. 2003
)
469
sin 2 cos 2.
[ 10/100]
. , ,
.
sin = 1 cos =
2 2
=
,
2
2
sin 2 = 2 sin cos = 2
2 2
=1
2
2
1 1
cos 2 = 1 2 sin = 1 2 = .
2
2
) cos( ).
[ 5/100]
. cos =
1 3
1 sin = 1 =
.
2
2
cos( ) = cos cos + sin sin

2
2
2
=
2
3 2 1
+
2
2 2
3 + 1
.
2

cos( ) + sin( ) =
6
.
2
[ 10/100]
.
sin( ) = sin cos + cos sin
2
2
2
=
2
3 2 1
2
2 2
3 1
.
2
(1999)
470
7.
:
cos()+sin() =
2 3 + 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 + 3 + 1 2
6
+
=
=
3 =
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4:
() = 2 + + 1, .
) = 3, P() 3.
[ 10/100]
. = 3, P() = 2 3+1,
P() 3 Horner:
1 2 3 1
3
3 0
1
1
0 1
() = + = 1 ,

2 3 + 1 = ( 3)( + ) + 1.
) P() .
[ 10/100]
. , 1. 1 1.
P(1) = 0 1 2 + + 1 = 0 = 0
P(1) = 0 1 2 + 1 = 0 = 2.
(1999)
7.4. 2004
)
471
= 0 P() = 0.
[ 5/100]
. = 0 P() = 2 +1
1, ().
1:
P() = + 1
= ( 1) ( 1)( + 1)
= ( 1)( 1).
= 1 + 4 = 5,
1 5
, =
, = 1.
2
7.4
2004
1:
. , , .

. sin( + )
. cos( + )
. sin 2
. cos 2

1. 2 sin cos
2. cos cos + sin sin
3. sin cos + cos sin
4. cos sin
5. 1 + 2 cos
6. cos cos sin sin
[ 8/100]
. -5, -6, -1, -4.

. , cos 0, cos 0
cos( + ) 0, :
tan( + ) =
tan + tan
.
1 tan tan
[ 9/100]
(1999)
472
7.
. :
sin( + )
cos( + )
sin cos + cos sin
=
cos cos sin sin
tan( + ) =
tan + tan
.
1 tan tan
. , :
- , ,
= + ( 1).
[ 4/100]
. .
. , :
( ) 1,
:
+ 1
S =
.
1
[ 4/100]
. .
2:
( )
12 .
) = 2 = 2.
[ 10/100]
.
S = 12
3
3
( + ) = 12 4 = 12 = 2
2
2
= 3 + 2 = 3 = = 2.
(1999)
7.4. 2004
473
) .
[ 7/100]
.
= + 1001 = 2 + 1001 2 = 1002 2 = 2004.
S .
[ 8/100]
.
S =
60
(2 + 59) = 30 61 2 = 3. 660.
2
3:
. :
)
2 cos
= 1 + cos .
2
[ 5/100]
cos 2 = 2 cos 1,
2
cos = 2 cos 1 2 cos = 1 + cos .

2
2
. =
) 2 cos
(2 cos ) = 1 + cos + sin .

2
[ 10/100]
.
2 cos
()
(2 cos ) =
2
=
=
=
(1 + cos )(2 cos )

2 + cos cos
1 + cos + 1 cos
1 + cos + sin .
(1999)
474
7.
. 1 + cos + sin = 0.
[ 10/100]
.
1 + cos + sin = 0
(2 cos ) = 0, ()
2
cos = 0, 2 0 cos < 2

2
cos = 0
2

= +
2
2
= + 2, .
2 cos
4:
8
() = 4 + (1 ) 2,
3
> 0, (1) = 0.
1
) = .
2
[ 10/100]
.
P(1) = 0
8
4 + (1 ) 3 = 0
3
12 + 8 8 9 = 0
1
=
4
1
= , > 0.
2
) ()
1.
[ 8/100]
1
. = P() = + 2 2.
2
P() 1 Horner :
(1999)
7.4. 2004
475
1 2 1
1
3
1 3
2
2
3
0
() = +3+2 0,

P() = ( 1)( + 3 + 2).
P() = 0.
[ 7/100]
. () = 9 8 = 1 2, 1.
P() = 0 ( 1)( + 2)( + 1) = 0 = 1, = 2, = 1.
(1999)
476
7.
(1999)
8.1
2001
1:

.
= 90. ,
A
.
1. + = ,
2. = + ,
3. = ,
4. = ,
5. = .
[ 12,5/100]
. 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) .
477
478
8.
. = 6, = 8.
. .
[ 6/100]

= 90 , =
.
+ , = 8 + 6 = 10.
. .
[ 6,5/100]

= 90 , =
.
64 32
, =
=
= .
10
5
2:
.
. () = () + ().
[ 15/100
(1999)
8.1. 2001
479
. = = , .
() + () =
=
=
=
=
1
1
+
2
2
1
( + )
2
1

2
1
2
().
. , () = 8.
[ 10/100]
. () = 8
1
= 8 = 16 () = 16.
2
3:
10 3
R.
. R .
[ 10/100]
(O, R)
.
= R3 103 = R3 R = 10.
(1999)
480
8.
. .
[ 10/100]
. (O, R) = 2R = 20.

= 2R 120 = 20 ,
()
360
3

= 60 .

= (O, R) (AB)
= 20
()
20 40
=
.
3
3
. .
[ 5/100]
. =
R = 10.
4:
, ,
, () ,

, () = 2().
: = 30, = 125, = 5, = 20.

(1999)
8.1. 2001
)
481
.
[ 8/100]
() = () + () + ()
() = () + 3(), () = 2()
3
30 125 = () + (125 5 ) + 20
2
3
30 125 = () + (140 + )
2
3
() = 30 125 (140 + ).
2
. .
[ 8/100]
.
() = 2()
1
1
( + ) = 2 ( + )
2
2
+ = 2( + )
125 5 20 + = 2( 5 + 20)
= 70.
3
, () = 30 125 (140 + 70) = 600.
2
. .
[ 9/100]
,
. .
= + ,
= + = + = 30 + (125 70 25) = 30 + 30 = 302.

, () = 600 = 302 = 102.
(1999)
482
8.
8.2 2001
1:
( <
.
). , .
1. = + + 2 ,
2. = + 2 ,
3. = + ,
4. = + ,
5. = + + 2 .
[ 12,5/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
= 5, = 7
.
= 6. :
. .
[ 6,5/100]

< 90, = + 2
.
25 = 36 + 49 2 6 = 5.
. .
[ 6/100]

= 90, + =
.
= 49 25 = 24 = 26.
(1999)
8.2. 2001
483
2:
= 22
, .
:
. .
[ 5/100]
A
= 90,
.
+ = 2 = 8 = 2,
.
. .
[ 5/100]
. () = = 4.
. .
[ 15/100]
. =

= 2.
2
= () 2 = 4(1 ).
(1999)
484
8.
3:
: = 2, = 1,
= 4, 5.
:
. .
[ 10/100]
. .

= 1 = 2 4, 5 = 9.
. .
[ 15/100]
. = =
+

=
=
= 4.
2
2
2
4:
R = 10
20 .
(1999)
8.2. 2001
485
= 120.
.
[ 8/100]
=
. (AB)
R

= 20 ,
=
(AB)
180
18
3
20
= 120.
=

3
18
. .
[ 8/100]
= + + 2 AO OB sin 120 = 2R +
.
2R sin 30 = 210 = 210.
, B
= 90, B
= + , = (2R) AB =

190.
. .
[ 9/100]
= 180 120 = 60
. B

,
=
R 60 50
=
.
360
3
= () =
1
sin 60 = 253.
2
= =
50
253.
3
(1999)
486
8.
8.3 2002
1:
. , .

. R
B. R
. R
. R

1. 2R
2. R
3. R
R
4.
180
R
5.
360
6. 2R
, ,
.
[ 16/100]
. -2, -1, -5, -4.
. , .
1) .
[ 1,5/100]
2) .
[ 1,5/100]
3) , .
[ 1,5/100]
(
= 90)
4)
, , : < + .
[ 1,5/100]
(1999)
8.3. 2002
487
5)
-
=
360
.
[ 1,5/100]
6) ,
R, = R.
[ 1,5/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. .
2:
( )

= 40, = 30
.
. .
[ 6/100]
. () =
1
1
AB = 40 30 = 600.
2
2
. .
[ 9/100]
A
= 90, = + = 40 +30 =
.
50 = 50.
:
= 90 B
A =
(1999)
488
8.
= 90.
=

=
=
.

40 30
=
= 24.
50
. .
[ 10/100]

.
= 90, = + ,
= = 30 24 = 18.
3:
R = 10.
96 (, R).
6.
.
(, R).
[ 10/100]
. (O, R)
,
= = ( + ) 96 = 6(6 + ) = 10.
= 10 = R,
(, R).
(1999)
8.3. 2002
489
. :
. .
[ 5/100]
.
100
+ = R , = R = 100
= 53.
4
4
4
. .
[ 5/100]
. E =
1
6 = 3 53 10 = 1503.
2
.
.
[ 5/100]
= 180
.
360
= 120.
6
4:
,
62.
.
:
. .
[ 5/100]

. .
= 90, + = 2 = (62) = 6.
() = = 36.
(1999)
490
8.
. .
[ 7/100]
. ,
=
45.
= 6 45 = 3 .
(BE)
180
2
. (, E).
[ 7/100]
. =
6 45 9
=
.
360
2
. .
[ 6/100]
() = 1 = 18.
.
2

= () = 18
9 9(4 )
=
.
2
2
8.4 2003
1:
(I, ).
.
= ,
.
(1999)
8.4. 2003
491
[ 10/100]
, ,
.

. :
, , ,
() = () + () + ()
1
1
1
=
+ +
2
2
2
1
=
( + + )
2
1
=
2
2
= .
. , .
1. R
= R5.
2. R
= R3.
, ,
3.
= ( )( )( ),
.
4. ,

.
5. .
[ 15/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
= 5, = 12 = 13.

(1999)
492
8.
= 90.
.
[ 7/100]
. + = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13 = ,
= 90.

. .
[ 7/100]
. ,
() =
1
1
= 5 12 = 30.
2
2
. .
[ 5/100]
. =
1

2
=
2() 2 30 60
=
= .
13
13
. .
[ 6/100]
. R , () =
R=
,
4R
5 12 13 169
=
=
.
4()
4
4
(1999)
8.4. 2003
493
3
(, R) , , ,
.
. = ,
(, R).
[ 6/100]
. .
M
= 90,
. ,

R
3R
R3
= + R = + =
=
.
2
4
2
, = 2 = R3 = .
. () =
R 3
.
2
[ 5/100]
. ,
O R R3 R 3
() =
=
=
.
2
2
2
(1999)
494
8.
. , , R,
(, R).
[ 6/100]
.
(,)
R
R
= OM R =
R = .
2
2
. R = 2, .
[ 8/100]
. ,
360
=

=
= 120.
3

=
R 120 R
=
.
360
3

= () =
3 = 3
R R 3
= 4
.
= R
3
2
3
2
3
2
4:
, , 2003
.
2 km. , , ,
5 km.
. .
[ 5/100]
. R = =
2 . P = 6 = 12 . 5 km,
12 5 = 7 .
(1999)
8.4. 2003
495
. .
[ 8/100]
.
=
R
3R
3 2
R = R
=
=
= 3.
4
4
4
4
1
1
E = P = 12 3 = 63 .
2
2
. .
[ 12/100]
.
,
+ + = 5 = 1 =
.
2
, = = 3.
=
,
O = MO
= 30,
= 180
= 150.
2

:
AM = OA + OM 2 OA OM cos O
= 4 + 3 2 2 3 cos 150
= 7 2 2 3 sin 60
3
= 7 2 2 3
2
= 13.
= 13.
(1999)
496
8.
8.5 2004
1:
. , , .
( ).
[ 10/100]
(A
= 90) . .
= = .
+ = + = ( + ) = .
B. , .
) ,
,
.
[ 3/100]
)
,
.
[ 3/100]

)
E=
,
4R
R , ,
.
(1999)
8.5. 2004
497
[ 3/100]
) ,
R = R5.
[ 3/100]
) ,

.
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
= 15,
,
,
= 12, = 9.
. .
[ 7/100]

.
+ = 12 + 9 = 144 + 81 = 225 = 15
= 90.
A
(1999)
498
8.
. .
[ 10/100]
. = ,
=
15
=
= 25.
= , A = (25 9)25 = 16 25 = 4 5 = 20.

.
.
[ 8/100]
, = = =
. ,
2
25
= + ,
.
2
25
625
625 576
49 7
12 =
144 =
=
= .
4
2
2
4
4
() =
1
1 25 7 175
AM =
=
.
2
2 2 2
8
3:
(, R).
.
, . ,
, , :
(1999)
8.5. 2004
499
. = .
[ 10/100]
. , .
, ,
.
AM = M MB
(8.1)
A
= 90,

MB AB = AM .
(8.2)

MB AB = MP MB.
(8.3)
.
= .
[ 7/100]
. (),
AN = NK BN
AN = BN AB ,
(8.4)
BN AB = NK BN.
(8.5)
(8.3) (8.5)
MB AB BN + AB = MP MB NK BN
MB BN = MP MB NK BN.
(1999)
500
8.
. = R = 2R,
NK
.
M
[ 8/100]
. (8.2) = 4R + R = 5R MB = R5,
(8. 1) R = M R5 MP =
R
5
, (8.4) = 4R + 4R = 8R B = 2R2,
2R
(8. 4) 4R = 2R2 =
.
2
,
1
NK
= .
=
10
MP
4:
(O, R) R = 12,
O,
O, O ,
O, = 24.
,
O , :
(1999)
8.5. 2004
501

. MON
(O, MN).
[ 10/100]
= R OB = R + R = 2R, =
.
= 60 =
= 30,
2 .
.

(OMN) =
R 60 144
=
= 24.
360
6
.
[ 15/100]

.
() =
1
1
OB = 2R R = R = 144
2
2

R 90 144
=
= 36.
() =
360
4
= () () =
144 36.
(1999)
502
8.
(1999)
9

9.1
2001
1:
.

.

. + =

1. (0, 0) ,
( , ).
2. ( , )
.
3. (0, 0)
.
4.
(0, 0) ( , ).
5. E , 0.
. ( ) + ( ) =
. + =
[ 12,5/100]
. -3, -2, -1.
1. ( 3) + ( 10) = 64.
503
9.

504
) .
[ 6/100]
. ( ) + ( ) = , = 3, = 10,
= 8. (3, 10) 8.
) (11, 10) .
[ 3/100]
. (11 3) + (10 10) = 64,
, .
2. (2, 2) +
= 8.
[ 3,5/100]
. 2 + 2 = 8 + = 4.
2:
= (1, + 2),
= (0, 7).

= (2, 1)
:
1)
.
[ 9/100]
.

= 0 2 + + 2 = 0 = 4.
//
2)
.
[ 9/100]
.
//
det(
,
) = 0
3
1 +2
=0 = .
2
1
2
(1999)
9.1. 2001
3)
505
.
2
=
[ 7/100]
.
(0, 2 + 3) = (0, 7) 2 + 3 = 7 = 2.
2
3:
(0, 0), (0, 12) (6, 8). :
)
, ,
[ 8/100]
+
+
. =
= 0, =
= 6, (0, 6).
2
2
+
+
= 3, =
= 10, (3, 10).
=
2
2
K.
) |K|
[ 8/100]
.
=
|K|
( ) + ( ) = 85.

OB.
[ 9/100]
. = + .
=
=
A 12 =
4
=
3
4
+ = 12.
3
4
= + 12.
3
(1999)
506
9.

4:
= + 5 = 10.
. (6, 11) (10, 10)
. :

= 0.
) (, 10)
[ 7/100]
. : = + 5 = 10,
= 5 = 10, (5, 10).
= (1, 1)
= ( 6, 1),

= 0 ( ) 6 + 1 = 0 = 7
(7, 10).
.
)
[ 8/100]
= (6 5, 11 10) = (1, 1)
= (10 5, 10 10) = (5, 0),
.
= 5,

=5
= 2, ||
||

)
= = 5 = 2
cos (,
||
2
||
52
)
[0, ] (,
)
=
(,
.
4
4
) (10, 10)
.
[ 10/100]
. = + .
= =
1
= 1
10 = 10 + = 20.
= + 20.
(1999)
9.2. 2002
9.2
507
2002
1:
|
. M

| . :

= |
| .
[ 10/100]
.
= |
= |
| |
| cos
,
| cos 0 = |
| .
. (.1,
.2, .3) , , .
,
//
1.

, :
) det(
,
) = 2,
) det(
,
= 0,
) det(
,
) = 1,
) det(
,
) 0.
[ 5/100]
,
2.

, :
)
0,
= 1,
)
)
= 0,
)
= 2.
[ 5/100]
3. C (0, 0)
:
(1999)
9.

508
) ( 1) + = ,
) + ( 1) = ,
) + = ( 1) ,
) + = .
[ 5/100]
. 1-, 2-, 3-.
2:
= (1, 1),

= (5, 7) .
=
+
)

= 3
2
.
[ 10/1000]
.
=
+
= (1, 1) + (5, 7) = (6, 8)
= 3
2
= 3(5, 7) 2(1, 1) = (13, 19).
) ,
=
+
= (, 6)
.
[ 10/100]
.
= 0 (, 6) (6, 8) = 0 6 6 8 = 0 = 8.
1
,
=
+
.
)
2
[ 5/100]
1
1
1
1
= |
.
| = 6 + 8 = 10 = 5.
2
2
2
2
(1999)
9.2. 2002
509
3:
C , C C + 4 2 + 1 = 0
C ( + 2) + ( ) = 25, , .
) C (2, 1)
= 2.
[ 10/100]
. C + + A + B + = 0 = 4,
= 2 = 1. + 4 = 16 > 0.
+ 4
A B
K , = (2, 1) =
= 2.
2 2
2
) C C
.
[ 9/100]
. C (2, ).
K 2 = 2 = 1 = 1 = 1.
(4, 1) (1, 1) C .
[ 6/100]

. C 4 + 1 4 4 2 1 + 1 = 0 BC
1 + 1 4 1 2 1 + 1 0.
4:
,
(4, 0) (0, 4),

.
(1999)
510
9.

) + = 4.
[ 5/100]
. = + ,
=
0 4
=
= 1
4 0
A 4 = 0 + = 4. = + 4 + = 4.
) .
[ 5/100]
. = + , =
0 = 0 + = 0. = .
1
= 1
) .
[ 5/100]
. ( , ),
=2
=
=

.

M
2 = 4
= 2
+ = 4
(1999)
9.3. 2003
511
)
.
[ 10/100]
. ,
+
+
= 1, =
=1
=
2
2

OM 2 + 2 22
=
=
=
= 2.
2
2
2
( 1) + ( 1) = 2.
9.3
2003
1:
. ( , ) ( , )
(, ) .
:
+
+
=
, =
.
2
2
[ 15/100]
.
= MB
AM
( , ) = ( , )
= =
2 = + 2 = +
+
+
=
.
=
2
2
. , .
1. + B + = 0, , , ,
.

2.
:
,
=
|
| || .
(1999)
9.

512
3. ,
= 2 0 , .
4.
+ + A + B + = 0 + 4 > 0.
[ 10/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:
(1, 1), (2 + 1, 2), (4, 0) (3, 2),
, .
) .
[ 10/100]
.
M
2 = + 2 = +
6 = 1 + 2 + 1 4 = 1 + 2
= 2 = 5.
(5, 3).
.

)
[ 10/100]
= (5 1, 3 1) =
= (3 4, 2 0) = (1, 2) = 2
.
(4, 2)
= 2.

= 1, .
= .
)
[ 5/100]
= (4 1, 0 1) = (3, 1) ||
= 3 + (1) = 10
.
= (4 5, 0 3) = (1, 3) ||
= (1) + (3) = 10.

3:
, + 2 + = 5, .
(1999)
9.3. 2003
)
513
.
[ 10/100]
. + + + + = 0, = 2,
= 0 = 5.
+ 4 = 4 4 + 20 = 20 > 0,
.
) = 1,
, .
[ 6/100]
. K
21 0
25
20
, = (1, 0) =
=
=
2
2
2
2
5.
) = 1,
= .
[ 9/100]
. = () + 2 = 4 ():
2 2 = 4 2 = 0 = 2, = 1 = 2, = 1.
(2, 2), (1, 1).
4:
.
,
(2 + , + 2), , .
= 5 (7, 13).
)
, .
[ 7/100]
. = 2 + , = + 2. = 5
A 7 = 2 + 5 13 = + 10 = 1 = 3.
(1999)
9.

514
)
= 2 1.
[ 10/100]
. = 2 + , = + 2 , = 2 1,
.
) .
1, .
[ 8/100]
= ( , ) .
.
=
= 2 = 2 .
|
| = 1 |
| = 1 + = 1.
5 = 1 =
25
5
=
.
5
5
,
=
5 25

,
5
5
5 25
.
,
5
5
9.4 2004
1:
. . (
).

.
.
.
.

1. + = , > 0
2. + = , 0

3. + = 1, , > 0
4. = 1, , > 0
5. = 2, > 0
6. = , 0
(1999)
9.4. 2004
515
[ 4/100]
. -5, -1, -4, -3.

. :
,
:
cos =
.
|
| |
|
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
,
= + , 0.
[ 3/100]
. .
= ( , ),
= ( , ). .
= ( , )

(
) =
+
+
( ).
[ 15/100]
. :
(
) = ( , ) ( , ) + ( , )
+
= ( , ) ( + , + )
= ( + ) + ( + )
= + + +
.
=
+
2:
, 3 2 + 1 = 0
2 + 3 8 = 0 .
(1999)
9.

516
) .
[ 5/100]
2
. =
3
3
= . = 1, .
2
) (, 2) (5, )
.
1) .
[ 6/100]
2) (, ) 3 +
3 = 0.
[ 6/100]
.
3 2 2 + 1 = 0 = 1
2(5) + 3 8 = 0 = 6.
(1, 6) ,
3 1 6 + 3 = 0.
) .
[ 8/100]
.
3 2
= 1
2 + 3 = 8
:
D=
3 2
= 13,
2 3
D =
1 8
= 13,
2 3
D =
3 2
= 26.
1 8
, =
13
26
= 1 =
= 2.
13
13
(1999)
9.4. 2004
517
3:
,
|

,
| = 3, |
| = 2, (
,
) =
+
= 0.

3
)

.
[ 8/100]
.
= |
| |
| cos (
,
) = 3 2 2 cos
= 3.
3
.
)
[ 7/100]
.
|
| = |
| = |
+
| = |
| + |
| + 2
= 3 + 2 + 2 3 = 19,
|
| = 19.
) , , ,

(
+
) (2

) = 17.
[ 10/100]
.
(
+
) (2

) = 17
2|
| |
| +
= 17
18 4 + 3 = 17
4 3 1 = 0.
= 9 + 16 = 25
, =
35
1/4 < 0
=
1>0
8
(1999)
9.

518
4:
O ,
+ 4 2 = 0
(9.1)
.
) , ,
(9.1) .
[ 5/100]
. (9.1) = = 0,
.
) , , (9.1)
(2, ) = + 4.
[ 5/100]
.
() 4 + 4 + 2 + = + 4 ( 2) + ( ) = + 4,
(9.1) (2, ) = + 4.
) = 2, (9.1),
,
.
,
[ 8/100]
. = 2, ( 2) + ( 2) = 8.
= 0
( 2) + (0 2) = 4 ( 2) = 0 = 2
(2, 0).
, = 0
(0 2) + ( 2) = 4 ( 2) = 0 = 2
B(0, 2).

OA = OB = 2,
.
(1999)
9.4. 2004
519
) = 2, =
, (9.1), (0, 0).
[ 7/100]
. = ( 2) + ( 2) = 8
=0
( 2) + ( 2) = 8
=
=0
(0, 0).
.
(1999)
520
9.

(1999)
10

/
10.1
2001
1:
. ) ()
().

.

()
A.
. , > 0
. , > 0
. sin
. cos

()
1. sin
2.
3. cos
4. 1
5. 2
6.
7.
8. sin .
[ 5/100]
. -4, -7, -6, -3, -1.

521
522
10.
/
) () () .
:
() + (),
()
() 0, (()).
()
[ 7,5/100]
.
() + ()) = () + (),
()
()() () ()
=
, () 0,
()
()
(())
= (()) ().
B. :
) () = + sin + 3 cos ,
) () = ( 1) ,
) () =
,
+1
) () = + 3,
) () = cos(2 + 3).
[ 12,5/100]
.
) () = + sin + 3 cos ) = 3 + cos 3 sin ,
) () = ( 1) = 2( 1) ( 1) = 2( 1),
) () =
1( + 1) 2
1
=
=
,
+ 1
( + 1)
( + 1)
) () = + 3 =
( + 3)
2 + 3
2
2 + 3
+ 3
) () = (cos(2 + 3)) = sin(2 + 3) (2 + 3) = 2 sin(2 + 3).

(1999)
10.1. 2001
523
2:
10
:
11, 3, 7, 5, 16, 14, 11, 10, 11, 12.
:
) ,
) ,
) ,
)
)
.
[ 25/100]
. ) ,
3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 14, 16,
=
)
=
11 + 11
= 11.
2
3 + 5 + 7 + 10 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 12 + 14 + 16
= 11.
10
) 11, 3.
) 16 3 = 13.
)
=
(3 11) + + (16 11)

= 15, 2.
10
(1999)
524
10.
/
3o:
:
. . . .
[)
F %
15
20
59
50
9 13
85
13 17
95
17 21
2
.
[ 25/100]
. ,
= 3, = 7, = 11, = 15, = 19.
F = 1 % = F % F % = 100 95 = 5%, = 0, 05.
2
=
=
= 40.
0, 05
F %
F+ F
=
= 0, 2 + =
, = 0, 3, = 0, 35,
100
100
= 0, 1.
= = 8, = 12, = 14, = 4.
:

15
3
59
7
9 13 11
13 17 15
17 21 19
8 0, 2
12 0, 3
14 0, 25
4 0, 1
2 0, 05
40
1
F %
20
50
85
95
100
4:
() = + 5 + 6, .
(1999)
10.1. 2001
)
525
.
[ 10/100]
. , () = 3 +
5. , () > 0.
.
)
.
[ 5/100]
. .
, () = 6. () 0 0, :
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +)
= 0.
(0) = 6, C (0, 6).
lim
+ 5 + 6
.
+1
[ 10/100]
. + 5 + 6 = + 1 + 5 + 5 = ( + 1)( + 1) + 5( + 1) =
( + 1)( + 6),
+ 5 + 6 ( + 1)( + 6)
=
= + 6.
+1
+1

+ 5 + 6
lim
= lim ( + 6) = (1) (1) + 6 = 8.
+1
(1999)
526
10.
/
10.2 2002
1:
) () =
() = 1.
[ 9/100]
. () = D
() =
( + ) () +
=
= 1.
0, .

() = lim () = lim 1 = 1.
) , , () ().
1. () + () = () + (),
2. (sin ) = cos ,
3. () () = () (),
4.
() () () + () ()
=
, () 0,
()
()
1
5. =
, > 0,
6. () = (),
7. (cos ) = sin ,
8. ( ) = , , > 0.
[ 16/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. ,
8. .
(1999)
10.2. 2002
527
2:
() =
)
+ 3 10
.
2
().
[ 5/100]
. 2 0 2.
D = {2} = (, 2) (2, +).
) lim (), lim ().
[ 12/100]
. , lim () = (1) = 6.
2
+ 3 10
2
4 + 3 6
=
2
( 2)( + 2) + 3( 2)
=
2
( 2)( + 5)
=
= + 5.
2
() =
lim () = lim ( + 5) = 7.
)
(2, +).
[ 8/100]
. , (2, +)
< + 5 < + 5 ( ) < ( ),
(2, +).
(1999)
528
10.
/
3o:
() :
0, 15
150
0, 3
0, 35
) /- .
[ 10/100]
. =
150
=
=
= 500 .
0, 3
) .
[ 10/100]
. :
: = = 0, 15 500 = 75
: = = 0, 35 500 = 175
: = ( + + ) = 500 400 = 100.
) .
[ 5/100]
(1999)
10.2. 2002
529
4:
20 /- 10 10 .
720 900 .
:
950, 900, 1060, 980, 920, 945, 975, 930, 900, 940.
:
)
.
[ 6/100]
.
,
, , ,
, , .
,
=
+ +
+ + = 10 + + = 7200.
10
, = 900.
) ,
.
[ 9/100]
. ,
= 900, = 900, = 920, = 930, = 940,
= 945, = 950, = 975, = 980, = 1060.
: R = = 1060 900 = 160.
= = 900 2
=
+ + 9500
=
= 950.
10
10
(1999)
530
10.
/
) .
[ 10/100]
. 20
=
( + ) + ( + + ) 7200 + 950
=
= 407, 5.
20
20
10 11 ,
=
+ 900 + 900
=
= 900.
2
2
10.3 2003
1:
A) () = . () = 2.
[ 10/100]
. .

() =
() ( ) ( )( + )
=
=
= + .

,
( ) = lim () = lim ( + ) = 2 .
B) , , X,
( ),
, = 1, 2, , .
, .
)
100.
(1999)
10.3. 2003
531
)
=
1
.
=
) > 1, = 1, , .
) CV ( 0)
CV =
) ( ) X :
1
= ( ) .
=
[ 15/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
(
)
.

[ , )
02
5
24
15
46
20
68
35
8 10
40
:
)
.
[ 5/100]
. = N = 40.
(1999)
10.
/
532
) .
[ 10/100]
. = + = N+ N ,

= 5, = 10, = 5, = 15, = 5.
= ,
1
10 2
5
1
15 3
5
1
5
= , =
= , =
= , =
= , =
= .
40 8
40 8
40 8
40 8
40 8
) .
[ 10/100]
. =
+
,
2
= 1, = 3, = 5, = 7, = 9.
, :
= = 1
1
2
1
3
1 21
+3 +5 +7 +9 = .
8
8
8
8
8
4
3o:
() =
3
, . :
4 + 5
)
.
[ 5/100]
3
= 0 = 0,
4 + 5
C (0, 0).
. = 0
(1999)
10.3. 2003
533
) lim ().
[ 5/100]
. ,
lim () = (0) = 0.
.
[ 5/100]
. ,
3 (3 ) (4 + 5) (3 ) (4 + 5)
30
=
() =
==
.
4 + 5
(4 + 5)
(4 + 5)
)
.
[ 5/100]
.
() 0
30
0 0,
(4 + 5)
:
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +).
) .
[ 5/100]
. 0, (0) = 0.
(1999)
534
10.
/
4:
()
:
= 0, = 0, = 1, = 2, = 4, = 5.
) .
[ 6/100]
0+0+1+2+4+5
= 2 .
6
+ 1 + 2
, =
=
= 1, 5 .
2
2
. =
) () = ( ) + + ( ) , :
i) () = 0.
[ 6/100]
. ,
() = ( )
=
= 2( ) ( )
=
= 2( )
=
= 2 + 2
=
= 2 6 + 2 6
= 12( ).
, () = 12( ) = 0.
ii) () = 6 , .
[ 5/100]
(1999)
10.4. 2003
535
. =
= ( )
() = ( ) = = 6 .
=
iii)
(, ()).
[ 8/100]
. () = ()(
) 6 = 0( ) = 6 .
10.4
2003
1:
A. , , , . :
( ) + ( ) + + ( )
= 0.
[ 13/100]
.
( ) + ( ) + + ( )
+ + +
=
= = 0.
. () = ,
() = sin , () = cos () = , .
[ 12/100]
. () = () = 1, () = (sin ) = cos , () = (cos ) =
sin () = () = 0.
2:
20
2002,
:
0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 4, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.
(1999)
536
10.
/
) .
. . . . . . .
N
F
0
[ 10/100]
. = .
N = , + = + +
F = , F+ = F + + .
, :
. . . . . . .
N
F
0
10
0, 5
10
0, 5
1
5
0, 25
15
0, 75
2
2
0, 1
17
0, 85
3
2
0, 1
19
0, 95
4
1
0, 05
20
1
20
1
) .
[ 5/100]
.
=
0 10 + 1 5 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 1 19
= .
20
20
(1999)
10.4. 2003
)
537
.
[ 10/100]
. 20, .
= 15 ,
=
+
= = 1.
2
3o:
() =
)
1
, . :
+ 19
lim () lim ().

[ 6/100]
. , .
lim () = (0) =
1
0
0 1
(1) 1
=
=
,
lim
()
=
(1)
=
= 0.
19
0 + 19
(1) + 19 20
) .
[ 9/100]
. ,
() =
( 1) ( + 19) ( 1)( + 19) 2( + 19) ( 1) 2

40
=
=
.
( + 19)
( + 19)
( + 19)
(1999)
10.
/
538
)
.
[ 10/100]
.
() 0
40
0 0,
( + 19)
:
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +).
4:
( )
()
() = 3 6 + 5, 0 5.
:
) o = 0.
[ 6/100]
. (0) = 3 0 6 0 + 5 = 5 m.
) , , = 2.
[ 7/100]
. () = 6 6, 0 5.
, = 2,
(2) = 6 2 6 = 6.
(1999)
10.5. 2004
539
)
;
[ 12/100]
. .
() 0 6 6 0 1,

(0, 1), [0, 1]
(1, 5), [1, 5]
= 1 s, (1) = 3 1 6 1 + 5 = 2 m.
10.5
2004
1:
) ,
.
[ 5/100]
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
B) , , X,
.
.
[ 5/100]
. =
+ +
.
(1999)
540
10.
/
) :
, , , X
, , , ,

N = + + + ,
= 1, 2, , .
[ 2/100]
. .
) :
CV 10%.
[ 3/100]
. .
) ,
. R
()
R() =
.
()
[ 5/100]
. A . ,
DR = A { () = 0}.
) .
A;
[ 2/100]
. A,
,
lim () = ( ).
(1999)
10.5. 2004
541
) :
lim sin = , lim cos =
lim tan = , cos 0.
[ 3/100]
. ,
lim sin = sin , lim cos = cos , lim tan = tan .
2:
() = 5 + 6 () = 3, .
)
lim (), lim ().

[ 8/100]
. , ,
lim () = (2) = 2 5 2 + 6 = 0, lim () = (2) = 2 3 = 1.
) lim
()
.
()
[ 7/100]
. 3
() 5 + 6 ( 2)( 3)
=
=
= 2,
()
3
3

lim
()
= lim( 2) = 3 2 = 1.
()
(1999)
10.
/
542
) () () () () ,
= 3 (200) + 819 (1).
[ 10/100]
. , , () = 2 5
() = 1,
= 3 (200) + 819 (1)
=
=
=
=
32 200 5 + 819 1
3 395 + 819
1185 + 819
2004.
3:
( )
2004, :
50, 15, 15, 20, 15, 30, 15, 20, 50, 50.
) .
[ 5/100]
. E
=
50 + 15 + 15 + 20 + 15 + 30 + 15 + 20 + 50 + 50
= 28 . .
10
) .
(.) . .
( )
15
20
30
50
( )
(1999)
10.5. 2004
543
[ 15/100]
.
(.) . .
( )
15
4
0, 4
13
163
20
2
0, 2
8
64
30
1
0, 1
2
4
50
3
0, 3
22
484
10
1
( )
676
128
4
1422
2230
= ( )
,
:
1) .
[ 3/100]
= ( ) 2230
. =
=
= 223.
10
2) .
[ 2/100]
. = 223.
4o:
() =
)
2
, . :
1 +
lim ().
[ 2/100]
. , ,
2
= 2.
lim () = (0) =
1 + 0
(1999)
544
10.
/
) , = 1.
[ 3/100]
.
() =
(1) =
2 (1 + )
4
2
1+
(1 + )
(1 + )
41
= 1.
(1 + 1 )
)
.
[ 10/100]
. () 0 0,
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +).
) .
[ 5/100]
. = 2, (2) = 0.
) (1, (1)).
[ 5/100]
. (1) = 1 (1) = 1,
= (1) + (1) ( 1) = 1 ( 1) = + 2.
(1999)
10.6. 2004
10.6
545
2004
1:
. () =
() = 1.
[ 10/100]
.
() =
() ( )
=
= 1.

,
( ) = lim () = lim 1 = 1.
. :
( ) = , .
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
= , = 1, 2, , ,
.
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
, , , , , , ,
+ + + = 100.
[ 3/100]
. .
(1999)
546
10.
/
. :
,
10%.
[ 3/100]
. .
. : = () ,
= .
[ 3/100]
. .
2:
, , , .
(1999)
10.6. 2004
547
. .
[ 7/100]
. , [0, 20),
[20, 40), [40, 60), [60, 80) [80, 100] = 0, = 5, = 8, = 6,
= 1. = + + + + =
0 + 5 + 8 + 6 + 1 = 20.
. 40 .
[ 7/100]
. + + = 8 + 6 + 1 = 15.
. ,
. N
.
[ 11/100]
. :

[ , )

[0, 20)
10
0
0
[20, 40)
30
5
150
[40, 60)
50
8
400
[60, 80)
70
6
420
[80, 100)
90
1
90
20
1060
=
1060
=
= 53.
20
3o:

62, 77, 65, 72, 69
.
(1999)
548
10.
/
.
69 .
[ 5/100]
. =
62 + 77 + 65 + 72 + 69
= 69 .
5
. .
[ 5/100]
. :
62, 65, 69, 72, 77
= 69.
. .
[ 5/100]
. R = 77 62 = 15.
. 72
, .
[ 10/100]
. ,
= 72
345 +
= 72 = 87.
6
4:
() = 4( 2), .
. () ().
[ 5/100]
. (),
() = 2 4( 2) = 2 4.
(1999)
10.7. 2005
549
. () () = 4.
[ 6/100]
. () = 2,
() () = 2 (2 4) = 4.
.
= 1.
[ 7/100]
. (1) = 1 4(1 2) = 5 (1) = 2 1 4 = 2,
= 5 + (2)( 1) = 2 + 7.
. .
[ 7/100]
. () 0 2 4 0 2, :
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, +), [2, +)
2, (2) = 2 4(2 2) = 4.
10.7
2005
1:
A) () =
() = 0.
[ 10/100]
. D
() =
() ( )
=
= 0.

,
() ( ) = lim () = 0.
(1999)
550
10.
/
)
;
[ 5/100]
. , ,
< () < ().
) , .
)
, R 6.
[ 2/100]
)
( 0) CV = ,
.
[ 2/100]
) (cos ) = sin .
[ 2/100]
)
= (),

( ) = ( ).
[ 2/100]
) X R
:
R = + .
[ 2/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
10.7. 2005
551
2:
() =
)
5 + 6
.
2
().
[ 5/100]
. 2 0, D = {2}.
2
() =
5 + 6 ( 2)( 3)
=
= 3.
2
2
) lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim ( 3) = 4 3 = 1.
)
lim ().
[ 7/100]
. lim () = lim ( 3) = 2 3 = 1.
) (), ().
[ 8/100]
. D , () = ( 3) =
1.
3o:
20 () :

2
3
6
9
11
2
20
(1999)
552
10.
/

= 2
= 72.
) .
[ 12/100]

360 =
= 4. = = 8.
360
, :
. =

2
4
8
16
3
6
18
54
9
8
72 648
11
2
22 242
20
120 960
=
1
.
[ 5/100]
.
1
120
960
= = 7.
20
20
(1999)
10.7. 2005
)
553
CV .
[ 8/100]
. =

CV =

120
=
= 6,
20
7
=
.
4:
:

2
5
3
4
2
5
1

() = 2 9 + 12 1, .
)
= 4 = 3.
[ 10/100]
. , () = 6 18 + 12 = 6( 3 + 2) = 6( 1)( 2).
() 0 1 2,
:
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, 2), [1, 2]
(2, +), [2, +)
(1999)
554
10.
/
1, = (1) = 4
2, = (2) = 3.
, ,
( )

= , N+ = N + + ,
:
.
1
4
4
2
5
9
3
3
12
4
2
14
5
1
15
15
)
.
[ 10/100]
.
=
36
=
= 2, 4 .
15
/2 = 7, 5 = 9
, = = 2.
) /- /- 4 ;
[ 5/100]
. 4 + + + = 14 /-.
(1999)
10.8. 2005
10.8
555
2005
1:
A. , [ ()] =
(), .
[ 10/100]
. D,

() =
()() ()( ) () ( )
() ( )
=
=
= ().

, , .
,
() ( ) = lim () = lim () = ( ).
. , .
) [() ()] = () () + () (), ,
.
[ 3/100]
) ( ) = , .
[ 3/100]
) (cos ) = sin , .
[ 3/100]
) .
[ 3/100]
) , 95% ( 2, + 2),
.
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
556
10.
/
2:
() =
+ 3
.
1
) .
[ 5/100]
. 1 0, D = {1}.
) () () =
0 3 1.
[ 10/100]
. ,
( + 3) ( 1) ( + 3)( 1)
( 1)
2( 1) ( + 3)
=
( 1)
2 3
=
( 1)
( 3)( + 1)
=
.
( 1)
() =
() = 0 = 1 = 3.
) (1, +).
[ 10/100]
. () 0 1 3, (1, +)
:
(1, 3), (1, 3]
(3, +), [3, +)
3, (3) = 6.
(1999)
10.8. 2005
557
3o:
. = 80
= 2, 6.
1
12
2
4
25
= 80
)
= 33 = 10.
[ 10/100]
.
+ + + = + + 37 = 80 + = 43
(10.1)

12 + 2 + 3 + 100 = 2, 6 80 2 + 3 = 96.
(10.2)
(10.1) 2
(10.2) = 10. (10.1) = 33.
, , ( )
= , N+ = N + + ,
:
1
2
3
4
12
33
10
25
80
N
12
45
55
80
(1999)
558
10.
/
) .
[ 6/100]
. /2 = 40 = 40 +
, =
= 2.
2
) . :
=
1
[ 9/100]
. =
( )
(1 2, 6) 12 + + (4 2, 6) 25) 93, 2
=
=
= 1, 165.
80
80
4:

= 1. 000 = 125 .
= 800
= 90 .
) .
[ 8/100]
.
CV =
125
=
= 0, 125
1000
CV =
90
= 0, 1125.
=
800
CV > CV , .
(1999)
10.9. 2006
559
) 250 .
20%.
.
[ 10/100]
. , = , + 250 = + 250 = 1250$ =
= 125$.
, = 1, 2 , = 1, 2 = 960 = 1, 2 =
108.
) ;
[ 7/100]
.
CV =
125
= 0, 1
=
1250

CV =
108
= 0, 1125.
=
960
CV < CV , .
10.9
2006
1:
A) () = ,
() = 1 .
[ 10/100]
. () =
() =
( + ) () +
=
= 1.
, () =
lim () = 1.
(1999)
560
10.
/
) , .
) , ,
. :
[(())] = (()) ()
.
[ 3/100]
)
.
[ 3/100]
) (sin ) = cos .
[ 3/100]
) .
[ 3/100]
) , , , ,
, . ()
+ + + = .
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
,
,
. :
1, 2, 3, 3, 1.
(1999)
10.9. 2006
)
561
.
[ 10/100]
. =
=
1+2+3+3+1
= 2.
5
(1 2) + (2 2) + (3 2) + (3 2) + (1 2) 4
= .
5
5
) .
[ 5/100]
. ,
1, 1, 2, 3, 3.
= 3.
)
3;
()
[ 5/100]
. 3 = 2 =
=
2
= 0, 4.
5
) ;
[ 5/100]
. R = 3 1 = 2.
3o:
. () = 2 8
.
(1999)
562
10.
/
. , (1, 2).
[ 5/100]
.
A C 2 = 2 1 1 + 8 = 4.
. = 4:
) ().
[ 5/100]
. () = 2 + 4 8. , () = 4 + 4.
) .
.
[ 10/100]
. () 0 4 + 4 0 1, :
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, +), [1, +)
1.
= 1.
) (1, 2).
[ 5/100]
. (1) = 8.
4:

, 5
1 .
(1999)
10.9. 2006
563
) 4 6 ,
) 3 6 .
(1999)
564
10.
/
(1999)
10.10. 2007
565
[ 10/100]
. ) [4, 6] = [,
+]
68% .
95 68
+
=
) [3, 6] = [ 2, + ] = [ 2, ] [, + ]
2
2
81, 5% .
.
.
[ 10/100]
. = = 5 R = 6 = 6 .
. .
[ 5/100]
. CV =
10.10
2
= = 0, 4.
5
2007
1:
A)
, .
[() + ()] = () + (),
.
[ 10/100]
. +
() =
( + )( + ) ( + )() ( + ) () ( + ) ()
=
+
.
0, . +
(+) () = lim () = lim
( + ) ()
( + ) ()
+lim
= ()+ ().
(1999)
566
10.
/
) , .
) R
.
[ 3/100]
)
.
[ 3/100]
) , 1.
[ 3/100]
) , , :
[() ()] = () (),
.
[ 3/100]
) A, () > ( ) .
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() = + 1, . :
) , = 2.
[ 10/100]
. ,
() = 2. (2) = 4.
(1999)
10.10. 2007
567
) .
[ 10/100]
. () 0 2 0 0. :
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, +), [0, +)
0, (0) = 1.
) ( , ( )) ,
= 3.
[ 5/100]
. ,
( ) = 0 2 = 0 = 0
(0) = 1. (0, 1).
3o:
()

:
() .
[ , )
8 10
0, 2
10 12
12 14
0, 3
14 16
) =
11, 60 , .
[ 10/100]
(1999)
568
10.
/
.
(10.3)
0, 2 + + 0, 3 + = 1 + = 0, 5.
+
=
= 9,
2
= 11, = 13, = 15.
= 9 0, 2 + 11 + 13 0, 3 + 15
1, 8 + 11 + 3, 9 + 15 = 11, 6
11 + 15 = 5, 9.
(10.4)
(10.3) 11 (10.4)
= 0, 1 (10.3) = 0, 4.
) = 0, 4 = 0, 1 :
i)
10 .
[ 8/100]
. = , = 10,
= 20, = 15, = 5.
+ + = 40.
ii) .
[ 7/100]
. F =
F+ = F + + , F = 0, 2, F = 0, 6, F = 0, 9, F = 1.
,
:
(1999)
10.10. 2007
569
4:
, , , X = 8
= 4.
) , , , , , , 10% :
i) , , , .
[ 5/100]
ii) .
[ 5/100]
. = 1, 1 , = 1, , = 1, 1 = 1, 1 8 = 8, 8
S = 1, 1 S = 1, 1 2 = 2, 2.
2
=
= 0, 25 CV =
CV =
8
2, 2
= 0, 25.
=
8, 8
CV > 0, 1 Y . CV = CV
, .
(1999)
10.
/

) =
= 1, 2, , :
570
i) , ,
[ 10/100]
ii) (CV) , , .
[ 5/100]
.
=
+ +
1
= ( + + ) = 0
( ) + + ( ) + + ( ) + + ( )
=
=
=
= =2
= 2.
,
.
10.11 2007
1:
A. , , ,
, , , ,
,
+ + + = 1.
[ 8/100]
.
+ + + =
+ + +

+
++
=
= 1.
(1999)
10.11. 2007
571
. N
.
[ 5/100]
. .
. ,
.
) > 0 () =
1
2
.
[ 3/100]
)
, ,
.
[ 3/100]
) .
[ 3/100]
) .
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
2:
() =
)
+ 1
.
.
[ 10/100]
. 0, D =
.
+ 1 ( + 1) ( + 1)() 1
=
=
.
() =
(1999)
572
10.
/
) .
[ 10/100]
.
() 0
1
0 1 1 1,
:
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 1), , [1, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) =
1, (1) =
(1) + 1
= 2
1
1 + 1
= 2.
1
()
lim
.
()
[ 5/100]
. 0
()
1
= + =
.
()
+1

()
1 1 1
lim
= lim
=
= 0.
()
+ 1
1 +1
3o:

. 50%
13, 34% 13 14.
(1999)
10.11. 2007
573
) , .
[ 12/100]
. = 13 + = 14. = = 13 = 1.
(1999)
574
10.
/
(1999)
10.11. 2007
575
) 95 /- 11 13:
i. /- .
[ 7/100]
ii. /- 14 15
.
[ 6/100]
95
. [11, 13] = [ 2, ]
% .
2
95
95
100 =
= 200.
2
95 68
[14, 15] = [ + , + 2]
= 13, 5%
2
13, 5
,
200 = 27 .
100
4: ,
() = +2+ ,
.
(1, 5)
45 :
)
.
[ 15/100]
. ,
() = ( + 2 + ) = 3 2 + 2.
(1) = 5 1 1 + 21 + = 5 = 2
(1) = tan 45 3 1 2 1 + 2 = 1 = 2.
= 4 = 2.
(1999)
576
10.
/
) = 4 = 2, :
i. .
[ 4/100]
ii.
= 1.
[ 6/100]
. = 4 = 2 CV = =
2
= 0, 5 > 0, 1.
4
.
() = 3 4 + 2 ,
() = 6 4. (1) = 6 4 = 2.
10.12 2008
1:
A) ,
[ ()] = (),
.
[ 8/100]
. D :
() =
()() ()(
() ( )
=
.

D, ,
. , ,
() ( ) = lim () = lim
() ( )
= ( ).

(1999)
10.12. 2008
577
)
;
[ 5/100]
. ,
, , < () > ().
) ,
.
) (cos ) = sin .
[ 3/100]
) .
[ 3/100]
) ,
,
, () ,
.
[ 3/100]
) R .
[ 3/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:
1
() = + + 2, .
3
(1999)
578
10.
/
) (3, 8),
.
[ 5/100]
.
M(3, 8) C
1
3 + 3 + 2 = 8 = 1.
3
) = 1:
) () + () + 2 = ( + 1) .
[ 10/100]
1
. = 1 () = + 2.
3
,
() = 1, () = 2.
() + () + 2 = 1 + 2 + 2 = + 2 + 1 = ( + 1) ,
.
) .
[ 10/100]
. () 0 1 1 1. :
(, 1) , , (, 1]
(1, 1) , , [1, 1]
(1, +) , , [1, +)
8
1, (1) =
9
4
1, (1) = .
9
(1999)
10.12. 2008
579
3o:
10 :
1, 2, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 6, , 6
, = 4.
A)
.
[ 5/100]
.
=
1+2+4+2+6+1+3+6++6
31 + = 40 = 9.
10
B) = 9:
)
.
[ 7/100]
.
, :
1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 9.
,
3+4
=
= 3, 5.
2
) .
[ 8/100]
.
(1 4) 2 + (2 4) 2 + (3 4) + (4 4) + (6 4) 3 + (9 4)
= 6, 4.
=
10
(1999)
580
10.
/
) 2008,
;
[ 5/100]
. = + 2008, = 1, , 10.
= + 2008 = 4 + 2008 = 2012.
4:
150
: , , . 20% .
36.
.
) .
X . . % ()
[ 16/100]
150 20
100 =
= 30,
100
150 36
360 =
= 15,
=
360
= 4 = 4 15 = 60,
= = 150 15 30 60 = 45.
=
= 0, 1,
= 0, 2, = 0, 4, = 0, 3.
% = 100
% = 10, % = 20, % = 40, % = 30.
= 360
= 36, = 72, = 144, = 108.
, :
. % =
(1999)
10.13. 2009
581
X . . % ()
15
0, 1
10
36
30
0, 2
20
72

60
0, 4
40
144

45
0, 3
30
108
150
1
100
360
) ( %).
[ 9/100]
10.13
2009
1:
A. () =
() = 0, .
[ 10/100]
(1999)
582
10.
/
.
() =
() ( )
=
= 0.

,
( ) = lim () = lim 0 = 0.
. , .
. ,

() () ()()
() =
.
(())
[ 3/100]
. lim () = lim () =
, , ,
lim ()() = .
[ 3/100]
.
.
[ 3/100]
. .
[ 3/100]
.
( , ( ))
( ).
[ 3/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
10.13. 2009
583
2:
, = 1, 2, 3, 4
, = 1, 2, 3, 4.
1
3
5
7
1
2
1
4
:
. .
[ 8/100]
.
=
1 1 + 3 2 + 5 1 + 7 4
=
= 5.
1+2+1+4
. .
[ 8/100]
.
N = N+ = N ++ . , :
1
1
3
2
5
1
7
4
8
N
1
3
4
8
= 4 + 1 = 5 N = 4 = 8
2
2
. , .

+ 4 + 8
=
= 6.
2
2
(1999)
10.
/
584
. .
[ 9/100]
.
=
(1 5) + (3 5) 2 + (5 5) + (7 5) 4 16 + 8 + 16
=
= 5.
8
8
3o:
() =
, .
+ 1
. ().
[ 5/100]
. ,
() =
2( + 1) 2
2
=
=
.
+1
( + 1)
( + 1)
.
.
[ 8/100]
. () 0 2 0 0, :
(, 0), , (, 0]
(0, +), , [0, +).
. .
[ 5/100]
0
. 0, (0) =
= 0.
0 +1
(1999)
10.13. 2009
585
.
(1, (1)).
[ 7/100]
1
(1)
2 (1)
= 1.
(1) =
=
2
(1) + (1)
(1) + 1
1
1
= ( + 1) + = .
2
2
. (1) =
4:

50 15 .
. .
[ 4/100]
. = = 50.
(1999)
586
10.
/
(1999)
10.14. 2010
587
. .
[ 8/100]
. CV =
15
=
= 0, 3 > 0, 1, .
50
. 4000, /-
(i) 35 65 ,
[ 6/100]
(ii) 5 35 .
[ 7/100]
. [35, 65] = [ , + ] 68% ,
68
4000 = 68 40 = 2720 .
100
99, 7 68 31, 7
[5, 35] = [ 3, ]
=
%
2
2
31, 7
4000 = 31, 7 20 = 634 .
,
2 100
10.14
2010
A
A1. () =
() = 1, .
[ 10/100]
.
() =
( + ) () +
=
= 1.
0 ,
() = lim () = lim 1 = 1.
(1999)
588
10.
/
2. ;
[ 5/100]
. , A,
A, ( ). ,
A, lim () = ( ).
A3. , .
. lim () = , ,
lim () = ,
.
.
.
. ,
:
()() = ()() () ().

.
X .
. .
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
B

.
(1999)
10.14. 2010
589

2
10
3
4
10
5
10
6
20
1. = 3, 5 .
[ 8/100]
.
= 3 = 4. , [2, 3]
[4, 6].
10 + = 10 + 10 + 20 = 30.
B2. = 30, /.
[ 7/100]
.
=
2 10 + 3 30 + 4 10 + 5 10 + 6 20 320
=
=
= 4.
10 + 30 + 10 + 10 + 20
80
3. = 30, /.
[ 10/100]
.
( )
(2 4) 10 + (4 3) 30 + (4 4) 10 + (4 5) 10 + (4 6) 20
=
80
140
=
80
7
.
=
4
(1999)
10.
/
590

() = + 9 + , , .
1. (2, 5)
15, = = 3.
[ 10/100]
. , () = 3 +
2 9.
(2) = 15 12 + 4 9 = 15 = 3
M(2, 5) C (2) = 5 8 + 4 18 + = 5 = 3.
2. = = 3,
() + 9
.
4
lim
[ 5/100]
. = = 3 () = + 3 9 + 3 () = 3 + 6 9.
2
() + 9 3 + 6
3( + 2)
3
=
=
=
.
4
4
( 2)( + 2) 2
2
() + 9
3
lim
=
lim
= lim 32.
4
2
3. = = 3, () = () + 10.
[ 10/100]
. () = () + 10 = 3 + 6 + 1
, () = 6 + 6.
() 0 6 + 6 0 1.
, :
(1999)
10.14. 2010
591
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) = 2.

= , = + 5, = + 10
= + 35, .
:
7 3
,
= 1, 2, 3, 4, .
F =
1.
= 25.
[ 7/100]
. F = 1
2.
743
= 1 = 25.
, , .
[ 8/100]
. :
14 3
21 3
73
= 0, 16, F =
= 0, 44, F =
= 0, 72, F = 1.
25
25
25
:
F =
= F = 0, 16, = F F = 0, 28, = F F = 0, 28, = F F = 0, 28.
3.
= 19, .
[ 10/100]
.
= 19
= 19
0, 16 + 0, 28( + 5) + 0, 28( + 10) + 0, 28( + 35) = 19
= 6, 5.
(1999)
592
10.
/
(1999)
11

/
11.1
2001
1:
. ) = (cos + sin ) = (cos + sin )
, :
= [cos( + ) + sin( + )].
[ 6,5/100]
.
= (cos + sin )(cos + sin )
= (cos cos sin sin ) + (sin cos + cos sin )
= cos( + ) + sin( + ).
) = + , , ,
,
.
593
11.
/
594

A. ()
. ()
.
.

1.
2.
3. +
4.
. ||
.
5. +
6. +
7.
[ 6/100]
. -4, -7, -1, -2, -5, -6.

. = 1 + = .
) .
[ 8/100]
. | | = 1 + 1 = 2, cos Arg =
sin Arg =
1
2
1
2
2
. Arg = ,
2
4
= 2 cos
+ sin .
4
4
0
| | = 0 + 1 = 1, cos Arg = = 0 sin Arg =
1
1
= 1. Arg = ,
1
2
= 1 cos
+ sin .
2
2
) .
[ 4,5/100]
. ()
= 2 1 cos
3
3

.
+ + sin + = 2 cos
+ sin
4 2
4 2
4
4
(1999)
11.1. 2001
595
2:
() = 4 + 3, .
)
.
[ 7/100]
. C = 0 = (0) = 3,
(0, 3).
C = 0 () = 0 4 + 3 = 0
= 1 = 3, , B (1, 0) (3, 0).
)
(3, (3)).
[ 9/100]
. , () = 2 4,
. (3) = 0 ( ()) (3) = 2.
0 = 2( 3) = 2 6.
)
.
[ 9/100]
. () 0 2 4 0 2,
(0, 2), ,
[0, 2]
(2, +), ,
[2, +)
2, (2) = 5.
3:
, 2 () 2 + ,
. :
(1999)
11.
/
596
) (0) = 2.
[ 6/100]
. = 0,
2 0 (0) 2 + 0 2 (0) 2 (0) = 2.
) = 0.
[ 9/100]
. lim (2 ) = 2, lim (2 + ) = 2,
0 lim () = 2 = (0).
= 0.
) = 0.
[ 10/100]
. , () (0) .
lim ( ) = 0. :
() (0)
,
0 lim+ () = 0.
> 0
() (0)
,
0 lim () = 0.
< 0
, 0
0. 0 (0) = 0.
4:
625 km
x km . 90 km . 160

, 5, 5 +
200
2000 .
(1999)
11.1. 2001
)
597
() :
K() =
1800000
+ 500, 0 < 90.
[ 12/100]
.
. ,
2000,
1605, 5 +
200
K = 1605, 5 +
+ 2000.
200
, , =
625
625
, =
, 0 < 90, :
625
625
+ 2000
200
4
625
880 +
+ 2000
5
2880 5 + 4 625
(2880 5 + 4 )125
1. 800. 000
+ 500.
K() = 1605, 5 +
=
=
=
=
) .
[ 13/100]
. , (1999)
11.
598
/
1. 800. 000
() =
+ 500.
K () 0
1. 800. 000
+ 500 0
1. 800. 000
500
1. 800. 000
500
1. 800. 000 500

360
90 610.
, :
(0, 610),
(0, 610]
(610, 90),
[610, 90]
= 610 /.
11.2 2003
1:
. () = tan .
1
A = { cos = 0} () =
.
cos
[ 10/100]
sin

cos
cos 0, . ,
. () = tan =
() =
1
sin (sin ) cos sin (cos ) cos + sin
=
=
=
.
cos
cos
cos
cos
(1999)
11.2. 2003
599
. ,
.
1. = + , , ,
|| = + .
2. , = (),
, ( ).
3. (, ),
, . () > 0
(, ) () < 0 ( , ), ( )
.
4. = + , ,
, = + .
5. ,
lim
() lim ()
=
,
() lim ()
lim () 0.
[ 15/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
() =
. lim
3
, {2}.
2
()
.
[ 7/100]
. 2,

lim
()
3
3
=
=
.
( 2)
2
()
3 3
= lim
= .
2
(1999)
11.
/
600
. = 1
+.
[ 8/100]
.
() ( 1) =
3
3 ( 1)( 2)
2
( 1) =
=
.
2
2
2
+
lim () ( 1) = lim
2
= 0.
2
= 1 C +.
. (2, +).
[ 10/100]
.
3
4 + 6 4 + 4 + 2 ( 2) + 2
==
() =
=
=
.
2
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
() > 0, > 0, (2, +)
3:

() =
,
<5
10 25, 5
= 5.
. = 5.
[ 5/100]
. 5
( 5 ) 5:
lim () = lim+ () = (5) = 25.
5.
(1999)
11.2. 2003
601
. = 5 (5).
[ 8/100]
. 5
() =
() (5)
+ 5, < 5
==
10, 5
5
10.
5, (5) = lim () =
10.
.
(5, (5)).
[ 4/100]
. (5) = 25 (5) = 10,
25 = 10( 5) = 10 25.
. .
[ 8/100]
. , . , (, 5) (5, +),
= 5 () ().
() =
2, < 5
10, 5
() 0
5 (2 0 < 5)
50<5
0.
:
(, 0]
[0, +)
0, (0) = 0.
(1999)
11.
/
602
4o:
= + , ,
( + )
=
, . :
. =
2
1
+
.
+ ( 1) + ( 1)
[ 8/100]
.
=
+ ( + 1)

( + 1) +
=
( 1)
=
=
( + 1) + + ( 1)
( 1) + ( 1)
( + 1) ( 1) + + ( 1)( + 1)
+ ( 1)
2
1
=
+
.
+ ( 1) + ( 1)
. ,
(0, 0) = 1.
[ 8/100]
.
() = 0 1 = 0 + = 1
(0, 0), 1.
. ,
(0, 0) = 1.
[ 9/100]
(1999)
11.3. 2004
603
() = 0
=0
2 + (1 )
=
( + 1)
4
2 + 1
+
( + 1)
( + 1)
+ 2 + 1
() + () =
( + 1)
( + 1)
() + () =
( + 1)
() + () = 1.
() + () =
(0, 0), 1.
11.3
2004
1:
. + , + , , , , + 0,
:
+ +
+
.
=
+
+
+
[ 9/100]
.
+ ( + )( ) + + ( ) +
=
=
=
+
.
+ ( + )( )
+
+
+
.
( ).

.
B.
.
.

1.
2. +1
3.
4. 1
5. 0
6. 4
(1999)
11.
/
604
[ 4/100]
. -3, -2, -1, -2.
. :
, . ,
() = () ,
, () = () + .
[ 3/100]
. .
. :

, , < ( ) < ( ).
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
() = . (0, +)
2
() =
.
[ 3/100]
. .
. : ( , ( ))
C , = ( ).
[ 3/100]
. .
2:

() =
4 + 3, < 1
,
6 + , 1
.
(1999)
11.3. 2004
605
. , = 1.
[ 10/100]
. 1
lim () = lim (4 + 3) = 4 1 + 3 = 7, lim+ () = lim+ (6 + ) = 6 + .
1 :
lim () = lim+ () = (1)
6 + = 7 = 1.
.
(1, (1)).
[ 8/100]
. < 1 () = 4 + 3,
() = 8. (1) = 7, (1) = 8,
7 = 8( + 1) = 8 1.
. ,
(5) + (5) + 34 = 0.
[ 7/100]
. > 1 () = 6 + 1,
() = 6. (5) = 6 (5) = 8(5) = 40 (
).
(40) + 6 + 34 = 0 = 1.
3:
() = 2 3 + 6 + , , . = 2
(2) = 98.
(1999)
11.
/
606
. = 6 = 54.
[ 6/100]
. , () = 6( + ).
= 2 ,
Fermat
(2) = 0 6(2) (2) + = 0 = 6.
,
(2) = 98 = 54.
. .
[ 9/100]
.
,
() = 2 3 36 + 54, () = 6( 6) = 6( 3)( + 2).
, () 0 2 3,
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, 3), [2, 3]
(3, +), [3, +).
. .
[ 4/100]
. = 2, (2) = 98
= 3, (3) = 27.
. () = 0
(1, 2).
[ 6/100]
. (1, 2) [2, 3]
(1) = 2 3 + 36 + 54 = 85, (2) = 16 12 72 + 54 = 14.
, 0 (2), (1). , (1, 2) ( ) = 0.
, .
(1999)
11.3. 2004
607
4o:
= + , , , :

+
+
= + (1 ).
2
2
:
. () = 0, = 1.
[ 5/100]
. = + = ,

+

=
= .
2
2
+ = + (1 )
(11.1)

(.)
() = 0 = 0 = 0 1 = 0 = 1.
. = 0, + 1 = 0.
[ 5/100]
. = 0, (11.1) + = 1, = 0, = 1,
= 1,
+ 1 = ( + ) + 1 = + 1 + 2 = 0 1 + 1 + 0 = 0.
.
0 1.
[ 7/100]
. (11.1) = 0 1 = 0. 0
1.
0 1.
(1999)
608
11.
/
.
, .
[ 8/100]
. = = 1 , + = 1,
(0, 0), 1.
11.4 2004
1:
. = + = + , , , , , ,

+ = + .
[ 10/100]
.
+ = + + +
= + + ( + )
= + ( + )
= ( ) + ( )
= + .
. :
(, ) (, ) + +
, +
+ .
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
= + , , , = + .
[ 3/100]
. .
(1999)
11.4. 2004
609
. :
() = cos , .
() = sin .
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
.

() = 0 ,
.
[ 3/100]
. .
. :
, . () < 0
, .
[ 3/100]
. .
2:
() = 4 + 1 + 2, .
)
i)
lim
() 1
= 2.
[ 10/100]
(1999)
11.
/
610
. 0
() 1
4 + 1 + 2 1
=
4 + 1 + (2 1)4 + 1 (2 1)
=
4 + 1 + 2 1
=
=
4 + 1 (2 1)
4 + 1 + 2 1
4 + 1 (4 4 + 1)
4 + 1 + 2 1
4
4 + 1 + 2 1
=
4
4 + 1 + 2 1
0 , ,
lim
() 1
4
4
=
= 2.
= lim
4 + 1 + 2 1 4 0 + 1 + 2 0 1
ii) (0) = 2(0).

[ 5/100]
.
() = 4 + 1 + 2 =
(0) =
4 0 + 1
(0) = 2(0).
(4 + 1)
24 + 1
+2=
2
24 + 1
+2=
4 + 1
+ 2.
+ 2 = 2 (0) = 4 0 + 1 + 2 0 = 1.
) lim ().
[ 10/100]
(1999)
11.4. 2004
611
.
() = 4 + 1+2 =
4 + 1 + 24 + 1 2
==
4 + 1 2
4 + 1 2
, ,
lim () = lim
1
4 + 1 2
= 0.
3:
+ + 3
, {2}, ,
2
. C
(1, 4)
() =
(3) + 3(1) = 0.
)
= 1 = 0.
[ 9/100]
.
A C 4 =
++3
+=1
12
(2) + 3(1) = 0 9 + 3 + 3 + 3(4) = 0 3 + = 3.

2 = 2 = 1
1 + = 1 = 0.
)
(1, 4).
[ 8/100]
. D = {2},
( + 3) ( 2) ( + 3)( 2) 2( 2) ( + 3)
7
() =
=
=
.
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
17
(1) =
= 6.
(1 2)
4 = 6( 1) = 6 + 10.
(1999)
11.
/
612
) = + 2 +.
[ 8/100]
.
() ( + 2) =
+ 3
1
( + 2) = =
2
2
+ .
lim () ( + 2) = 0,
= + 2 C +.
4o:
= + , , ,
= 3 = 2 + 1.
:
) 3() + 4() = 3, = 2.
[ 9/100]
.
3() + 4() = 3 3 + 4 = 3 3(3 ) + 4(2 + 1) = 3 = 2.
) | 1| = 5, || = 10.
[ 10/100]
.
|1| = 5 (1) + = 5 (2) +(2+1) = 5 = 0,
|| = + = 3 + 1 = 10.
(1999)
11.5. 2005
613
) , .
[ 6/100]
. , : = 3
= 3 , = 2(3 ) + 1 = 2 + 7.
= 2 + 7.
11.5
2005
1:
1. ,
, .
[ 12/100]
.
() = ( ) + ( ) ( ).
, lim () = ( ).

lim () = lim ( ) + ( ) ( ) = ( ) + ( ) 0 = ( ).
, .
A2. (, ) = +
. ;
[ 3/100]
.
, || = + .
. , .
1. 11,
,
( ) ( ).
[ 2/100]
(1999)
11.
/
614
2. M A
() , ( ), () < ( ) A.
[ 2/100]
3. , () ()
,
lim () > lim ().
[ 2/100]
4. ,
= .
[ 2/100]
5. [, ] (, )
(, )
() =
() ()
.
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
= 2 + (3 2), = + 4,
> 0. , () + () = 0 || = 5.
. = 1 + .
[ 8/100]
.
() + () = 0
( 2) + (3 2) = 0
2 + 1 = 0
( 1) = 0
= 1.
= 1 + .
(1999)
11.5. 2005
615
. = 3.
[ 8/100]
.
|| = 5 + 16 = 25 = 9 = 3.
= 3 + 4.
. + = 3 .
[ 9/100]
.
+ = 3
1 + + (1 ) = 3 (3 + 4)
1 + (1 ) = 3
1 = 3 1 = 1
= 2.
3:
() = + + 3 2, , ,
(1, 1). :
. = 1.
[ 5/100]
. A(1, 1) C 1 = 1 + + 3 2 = 1.
. .
[ 10/100]
. , () = 3
2 + 3. () > 0 ,
= 32 < 0.
.
(1999)
11.
/
616
. () = 0 (0, 1).
[ 10/100]
. [0, 1] (0) = 2, (1) = 1,
(0)(1) = 2 < 0. Bolzano, (0, 1) () = 0.
.
4o:
(2 ) + 2
() =
, 3.
3
. =
+, = 1 = 3.
[ 10/100]
.
() =
(2 ) + 2
(1 ) + ( + 3) + 2
=
.
3
3
= +,
lim () = 0,
1 = 0 + 3 = 0. = 1 = 3.
. (1, 2),

.
[ 8/100]
. [1, 2] (1, 2), .
(1) = 0, (2) = 0, (1) = (2). Rolle, (1, 2)
() = 0. C (, ())
0, .
(1999)
11.6. 2005
617
.
= 1.
[ 7/100]
.
6 + 7
( 3 + 2) ( 3) ( 3 + 2)( 3)
() =
=
=
.
( 3)
( 3)
(1) = 0 (1) =
1

2
1
= ( 1).
2
11.6
2005
1:
1. .
() = 0 ,
.
[ 12/100]
. , , = | |.
, ( , + ).
() = 0 lim
() ()
= 0() = ().
,
.
A2. .
;
[ 3/100]
. A = ().
(1999)
11.
/
618
. , .
1. = + , , , || = | |.
[ 2/100]
2. = + , : + = , , .
[ 2/100]
3. 0, lim
1
= .
[ 2/100]
4. () = tan .
= { | cos = 0} :
() =
1
.
cos
[ 2/100]
5. , :
lim () = lim (),
.
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
=
+ 3
, .
2
. , .
[ 10/100]
.
=
+ 3 ( + 3)(2 + ) 2 3 + 6
=
=
+
.
2
(2 )(2 + )
5
5
() = 0
3
2 3
=0 = .
5
2
(1999)
11.6. 2005
619
. = 6, .
[ 6/100]
. =
2(6) 3 6 + 6
+
= 3
5
5
. = 4, ||.
[ 9/100]
. =
243 4+6
+
= 1 + 2, || = 1 + (2) = 5.
5
5
3:

() =
+ 1, < 1
1,
1
. .
[ 6/100]
. (, 1) (1, +), .
= 1
lim () = 1 + 1 = 0, lim+ () = 1 1 = 0, (1) = 0.
, .
. .
[ 10/100]
. (, 1) (1, +), ,
3 , < 1
() =
4 , > 1
= 1
+ 1
() (1) 1 = ( + + 1), < 1

=
() =
1
1 = + + + 1, > 1
1
(1999)
11.
/
620
lim () = 3, lim+ () = 4.
.
:
(, 1), () < 0, (, 1),
(, 1]
(1, +), () > 0, (1, +),
[1, +).
.
Rolle [1, 2].
[ 9/100]
. Rolle :
[1, 2]: .
(1, 2): , =
1.
(1) = (2): , (1) = 2 (2) = 15.
4o:

, ,
() =
4
(0, 0)
= 1.
. = 4.
[ 7/100]
2
.
4
(0, 0) (0) = , = 1
4
4
= 4.
. () =
(1999)
11.7. 2006
621
. , .
[ 8/100]
. () 0 2, :
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, +), [2, +)
2, (2) = 0.
. (2, 4) ,
, (2, (2)) (4, (4)).
[ 10/100]
. [2, 4] (2, 4). (2) (4)

, (2, 4) () =
,
24
(, ()) C
.
.
11.7
2006
1:
. , , | | = | | | |.
[ 7/100]
(1999)
622
11.
/
. = + = + , , , , :
| | = |( + )( + )|
= | + ( + )|
=
( ) + ( + )

+ 2 + + + 2

( + ) + ( + )

( + )( + )

( + ) ( + )

= | | | |.
=
. , .
1. .
1
() 0 . lim () = + lim
=
()
.
[ 3/100]
2. , . (, )
(, ) = + =
.
[ 3/100]
3. ,
.
[ 3/100]
4. () = = [0, +). () =
1
(0, +).
[ 3/100]
(1999)
11.7. 2006
623
5. lim+ (), lim () +

, =
.
[ 3/100]
6. , .
,
() = () ,
, x
() = () + .
[ 3/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. .
2:
4 + 13 = 0.
. .
[ 9/100]
. = 36 = 36 = (6)
, =
4 6
= 2 3.
2
. , ,
A = | | 2| | + 13| | + .
[ 9/100]
. = 2 + 3 = 2 3 | | = | | = | | = 2 + 3 =
13.
= 13 21313 + 1313 + ( ) = 13 2 13 + 13 1 = 1.
(1999)
11.
/
624
. = 2 + 3, | | = 5.
[ 7/100]
. = + , , ,
| | = |( 2) + ( 3)| =
( 2) + ( 3) .
( 2) + ( 3) = 25
(2, 3) 5.
3:

3
+ ,
1
() = 4
8 + 4 , > 1
.
.
= 1.
[ 10/100]
. 1
3
3
lim () = lim + = +
4
4
8 + 4 1 8 1 + 4
3
lim+ () = lim+
=
= .
4
41
4
1,
3
3
lim () = lim+ () = (1) + = = 0.
4
4
. = 0:
(1999)
11.7. 2006
625
. .
[ 7/100]
. 1

<1
() (1) 1 ,
() =
= +
, >1
3
,
<1
4
= ( 2)( 6)

4( 1) , > 1

lim ( 2)( 6) = lim+ 4( 1) = 0
> 1 4( 1) > 0,
lim+ () = +. 1 ,
1.
. +.
[ 8/100]
. , lim+ () ( + ) = 0. > 1
8 + 4
( + )
4
8 + 4 4( + )
=
4
(1 4) 4( + 2) + 4
=
.
4
() ( + ) =
,
( ),
. 1
1 4 = 0 + 2 = 0. = , = 2.
4
1
C + = 2.
4
4o:
() = 2 + 10, .
(1999)
11.
/
626
. (1, (1))
.
[ 5/100]
. , () = 6 2.
(1) = 0 6 2 = 0 = 3.
. = 3:
. .
[ 8/100]
. = 3 () = 2 3 + 10 () = 6 6.
() 0 6( 1) 0 0 1,
:
(, 0), (, 0]
(0, 1), [0, 1]
(1, +), [1, +)
0, (0) = 10
1, (1) = 9.
. (, 0].
[ 5/100]
. (, 0],
(, 0] < 0 () < (0) () < 10 () (, 10]
(, 0] = (, 10].
(1999)
11.8. 2007
627
. (14, 15) () = 5
(0, 1).
[ 7/100]
. () = () + 5 [0, 1].

(0) = (0) + 5 = 15 > 0 (1) = (1) + 5 = 14 < 0.
(0) (1) < 0, Bolzano (0, 1)
() = 0, () = 5. .
11.8
2007
1:
1. () = , {0, 1}. () = .
[ 10/100]
.
() =
() ( )
=
= + + +
.

( ) = lim () = lim + + +
= .
A2. N .
[ 5/100]
. ,
, , < () < ().
(1999)
628
11.
/
. , .
1. || = .
[ 2/100]
2. 11, ( ) .
[ 2/100]
3. lim () < 0,
() < 0 .
[ 2/100]
4. [, ], [, ]
.
[ 2/100]
5. () = sin . () =
cos , .
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. .
2:
= ( 2) + 2, .
. .
[ 9/100]
. = + , , = 2 = 2.
=
2 2 + 4 = 0.
2
.
(1999)
11.8. 2007
629
1
. + = 2, .
[ 7/100]
. + = 2 2 = 2 = 1 2 1 + 4 = 0 = 6.
1
1
1 6
1
6
=
=
=
.
1 + 6 (1 6)(1 + 6) 37 37
1
1
= .
37
. || = 2 () 0, .
[ 9/100]
.
|| = 2
+ = 4
( 2) + (2) = 4
5 4 = 0
(5 4) = 0
4
=0= .
5
4
= 0 = 0. = .
5
3:
4
() = , > 0.
.
(i) lim+
()
()
(ii) lim
()
( 2)
[ 8/100]
. + , () =
()
1
= =
()
(1999)
4
.
630
11.
/
+
()
1
= lim = 0.
+ ()
+
lim
, 2
()
4
.
=
( 2)
( 2)
lim ( 2) = 0 0, ( 2) > 0.
lim
()
= +.
( 2)
. N
(0, 0) .
[ 9/100]
. (, 4/) , > 0.

16 + 16
() = + =
.
(0, +),
+ 16 + 16 ()
() =
( +)
+ 16
+
=
+ 16
+
=
16
=
.
+ 16
() 0 16 2. :
(0, 2), (0, 2]
(2, +). [2, +)
2.
(2, 2).
(1999)
11.8. 2007
631
. N
,
= 2 + 6.
[ 8/100]
. (2, +)
() = 2
4
= 1 = 2 = 2.
(2, 22).
4o:
, . 0
() = + 2 sin ,
:
. (0).
[ 7/100]
. () = 1 + 2
,
(0) = lim 1 + 2
sin
. 0
sin
sin
= 1 + 2 lim
= 1 + 2 1 = 3.
. () < 3 0,
.
2
[ 10/100]
. | sin | < sin > 0,

sin <
sin
< 1() < 1 + 2 = 3.
(1999)
11.
632
/
. () = 2 , .
2
[ 8/100]
sin
. () = () 2 = 1 + 2

, .
2
sin
4
) = 1 + 2 = 1 +
2
() = 1 +
sin
= 1
(0) () < 0, Bolzano ,

2
() = 0, () = 2.
11.9 2007
1:
1. , ,
+ :
( + ) ( ) = ( ) + ( ).
[ 12/100]
.
() =
( + )() ( + )( ) () + () ( ) ( ) () ( ) () ( )
=
=
+
.

, . +

( + ) ( ) = lim () = lim
() ( )
() ( )
+ lim
= ( ) + ( ).
(1999)
11.9. 2007
633
A2. ;
[ 5/100]
. ,
, D = D D, () = ().
. , .
1. + + .
[ 2/100]
2.
, .
[ 2/100]
3. , , ( ),
( ) ( ) = ( ) .
[ 2/100]
4. 2
.
[ 2/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:
|1+| = ||.
(1999)
634
11.
/
.i) M .
[ 10/100]
. = + , , ,
| 1 + | = ||
| + 1 + | = |( + )|
|( 1) + ( + 1)| = | + |
|( 1) + ( + 1)| = | + |
( 1) + ( + 1) = () +
2 + 1 + + 2 + 1 = +
= 1.
= 1.
ii) (0, 0)
5.
[ 10/100]
. (, 1). (O, M) :
+ ( 1) = 5 2 = 0 = 1, = 2.
, (1, 2), (2, 1).

. () = 0, = .
[ 5/100]
.
() = 0 = 0 = 1 = .
3:

1 1
+ ,
<2
8
2
() = 5 + 6
2( 1) , 2
(1999)
11.9. 2007
635
. =
2.
[ 12/100]
. 2
1
1
1
1
lim () = lim + = 4 + = 0
8
2
8
2
(2) = lim () lim
5 + 6 2 5 2 + 6
=
= 0.
2( 1)
2(2 1)
2.
: 2 () =
() (2)
()
=
. < 2
2
2
() =
( 4)
1
= ( 2)
2
8
> 2
() =
5 + 6
( 2)( 3)
3
=
=
.
2( 1)( 2) 2( 1)( 2) 2( 1)
,
1
1
lim () = lim ( 2) =
8
2
lim+ () = lim+
3
23
1
=
= .
2( 1) 2(2 1)
2
1
2 (2) = .
2
.
(0, (0)).
[ 6/100]
. (, 2) ,
1
1
1
1
() = 2 + = 2 = .
8
2
8
4
1
1 1
1
(0) = 0 + = (0) = 0 = 0.
2
2 2
4
1
1
= + 0 ( 1) = .
2
2
(1999)
11.
636
/
1
. = 2 2
+.
[ 7/100]
. +, > 1.
1
5 + 6
1
() 2 =
2
2
2( 1)
2
=
5 + 6 2( 1) 2
2( 1)
5 + 6 ( 1)( 4)
=
2( 1)
5 + 6 ( 5 + 4)
=
2( 1)
1
=
.
1
+
1
1
lim () 2 = lim
= 0.
+
+ 1
2
1
= 2 C +.
2
4o:
, ,
() + () = 8 12 + 8 2,
.
. 11.
[ 8/100]
.
() + () = 8 12 + 8 2 3 () () + () = 24 24 + 8
3 () + 1 () = 24 12 + 8
() =
8(3 3 + 1)
.
3 () + 1
, 3 () + 1 > 0 3 3 + 1 > 0
= 3 < 0.
, , () > 0. , 11.
(1999)
11.9. 2007
637
. () = 0 (0, 1).
[ 9/100]
. () = 0, 8 12 + 8 2 = 0,
6 + 4 1 = 0.
() = 6 + 4 1. [0, 1]
(0) (1) = = 1 < 0.
Bolzano, (0, 1) ( ) = 0, ( ) = 0.
.
.
() 3 = ( + 2),
, .
[ 8/100]
. 11,
() 3 = ( + 2) () 3 = + 2 () = 3 + 2.
, () = 2 + 3.
3
() 0 , :
2
3
, , ,
2
3
,
2

3
, +
2
3
, +, ,
2
3
.
2
(1999)
638
11.
/
11.10 2008
1:
1. = + = + ,
+ = + .
[ 7/100]
.
+ = + + +
= ( + ) + ( + )
= ( + ) ( + )
= +
= + .
A2. .
;
[ 6/100]
.
,
lim () = ( ).
. , .
1. , , :
| + | > | | + | |.
[ 3/100]
2. (sin ) = cos .
[ 3/100]
(1999)
11.10. 2008
639
3.
,
, .
[ 3/100]
4. :
[, ],
(, )
() = (),
, , (, ) , () = 0.
[ 3/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:
3 + + = 0, , .
. = 1 + , = 6,
= 6 .
[ 14/100]
. , :
3(1 + ) + (1 + ) + = 0
3(1 + 2 + ) + + + = 0
6 + + + = 0
+ + ( + 6) = 0
+=0+6=0
= 6 = 6.
,
. =
= 1 .
. :
(1999)
640
11.
/
. + = 0.
[ 6/100]
. = 1 + = + = ( 1) = ,
= = + = 0.
.
+
= 2 .
[ 5/100]
.
= ( )1002
=
,
+
=
=
=
=
=
=
2(1 + )
2(1 + 2 + )
2(2)
2 2 ( )
2 .
3:

() =
1 ,
1
( 1) , > 1
A. :
. = 1.
[ 8/100]
. :
(1) = lim () = lim (1 ) = 0
lim () = lim+ ( 1) = 0.
,
1.
(1999)
11.10. 2008
641
. = 1.
[ 10/100]
. () =
< 1 () =
() (1)
1 :
1
1
= 1,
1
lim () = 1.
> 1 () =
( 1)
= 1,
1
lim () = 0.
, 1.
. N
(2, 1).
[ 7/100]
. (1, +), () = ( 1) = 2 + 1
, () = 2 2. , (2) = 1, (2) = 2.

= (2) + (2) ( 2) = 1 + 2( 1) = 2 1.
4o:
() =
.
+ 2 +
,
. .
[ 3/100]
. 0, D = .
(1999)
11.
/
642
. (1, (1))
, .
[ 8/100]
. ,
( + 2 + ) ( + 2 + ) () (2 + 2) ( + 2 + )
() =
=
=
.
0, :
1
= 0 = 1.
(1) = 0
1
. = 1:
. .
[ 8/100]
+ 2 + 1 ( + 1)
=
.
: lim (+1) = 1 > 0, lim =

0.
lim+ () = +, lim () =
. = 1 () =
= 0 .
:
() =
1 +
1
= 1 +
lim () = lim+ () = +.
.
: , lim ()(+) =
0.
() ( + ) =
+ 2 + 1 ( + ) (1 ) + (2 ) + 1
=
.
+ 1 = 0
2 = 0, = 1, = 2.
, C = + 2.
(1999)
11.11. 2009
643
. [1, +).
[ 6/100]
.
> 1 1 > 0 () > 0.
(1, +), , [1, +).
11.11
2009
1:
1. = ;
[ 5/100]
. = C + .
A2. , ,
+ :
( + ) ( ) = ( ) + ( ).
[ 8/100]
. +
() =
( + )() ( + )( ) () ( () ( )
=
+
.

, . ,
+ ,
( + ) ( ) = lim () = lim
() (
() ( )
+ lim
= ( ) + ( ).
(1999)
11.
/
644
. ,
.
1. || = , .
[ 3/100]
2. + , ,
(, ).
[ 3/100]
3. lim
sin
= 0.
[ 3/100]
4. [, ] (, ),
(, ) , :
() =
() ()
.
[ 3/100]
. 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. .
2:
= 2 + 3 = (1 ) + 3 + 1.
. = 1 + .
[ 8/100]
.
= 1 2 + + 3 ( ) + 1 = 2 + 3 + 1 = 1 + .
(1999)
11.11. 2009
645
. | |.
[ 7/100]
.
| | = |2 3 1 | = |1 4| = 1 + (4) = 17.
+ , , .
[ 10/100]
.
2 + 3 (2 + 3)(1 ) 5 + 5 1
=
=
=
= + .
1+
(1 + )(1 )
2
2 2
3:

() =
+ , 1
2 + 3, > 1
, .
. = 1, + = 5.
[ 5/100]
. 1 (
)
(1) = lim () = lim ( + ) = +
lim () = lim+ (2 + 3) = 5.
,
lim () = lim+ () = (1) + = 5.
(1999)
11.
/
646
. = 1, = 1
= 4.
[ 10/100]
. 1. < 1
() =
() (1) + 5
=
1
1
+=
( 1)( 1)
=
= ( + 1)
1
1
lim () = lim ( + 1) = 2.
> 1
() =
() (1) 2 + 3 5 2 2 2( 1)
=
=
=
=2
1
1
1
1
lim+ () = lim+ 2 = 2.
:
lim () = lim+ () 2 = 2 = 1
= 5 1 = 4.
. = 1 = 4, ()
() =
, 0, +.
[ 10/100]
. , < 1,
() =
() + 4
4
=
=+ .
lim () = lim +
4
= ,
.
. , .
() ( + ) =
+ 4
(1 ) + 4
( + ) =
.
= + ,
lim () ( + ) = 0 1 = 0 = 0 = 1 = 0.
, C = .
(1999)
11.11. 2009
647
+, > 1,
() =
() 2 + 3
3
=
=2+ .
3
lim+ () = lim+ 2 + = 2, +
C = 2. +
.
4o:
() = + 3 + 1, .
I. = 1,
.
[ 4/100]
. , () = 3 + 2 3.
1 , Fermat
(1) = 0 3 1 + 2 3 = 0 = 0.
. = 0:
. .
[ 8/100]
. = 0 () = + 3 + 1 () = 3 3.
() 0 3( 1) 0 1 1 1.
:
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 1), , [1, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) = 3
1, (1) = 0.
(1999)
648
11.
/
.
= 9.
[ 8/100]
. () = 9 3 3 = 9 = 4 = 2.
= 2 (2) = (2) 3(2) + 1 = 15 (2) = 9,
(2, 15) = 9( + 2) + 15 = 9 + 33.
= 2 (2) = 2 3 2 + 1 = 3 (2) = 9,
(2, 3) = 9( 2) + 3 = 9 15.
. () = 0
(0, 1).
[ 5/100]
. () = () = 3 + 1
[0, 1]
(0) = 0 3 0 + 1 0 = 1, (1) = 1 3 1 + 1 1 = 2
(0) (1) < 0. Bolzano, (0, 1) () =
.
11.12 2010

1.
, .
[ 10/100]
.
() = ( ) + () ( ).
,
, ,
lim () = ( ) + ( ) 0 = ( ).
.
(1999)
11.12. 2010
649
2.
;
[ 5/100]
. ,
, < () > ().
3. , .
.
C .
.
,
(()) = (), .
. , 0,
| |
.
=
| |
. [, ] [, M],
.
. lim () = +, () < 0 .
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .

= + , .
(1999)
11.
/
650
B1. 2 = 3, .
[ 8/100]
.
2 = 3
2( + ) ( ) = 3
2 + ( + 2) = 3
2 = 3 + 2 = 0
3 = 3 = 2
= 1 = 2.
= 2 + .
B2. = 2+,
| + | = | |.
[ 7/100]
. | | = || = 2 + = 5, = +
| + 2 + ( + 1)| = 5 ( + 2) + ( + 1) = 5.
(2, 1) 5.
B3. = 2 + =
+
, = 1.
1
[ 10/100]
.
=
2 + (2 + ) 1 +
(1 + )
1 + + 2
=
=
=
= .
21
1 (1 )(1 + )
1
, = = ( ) = 1(1) = 1.

() = + 3 + cos 2, .
(1999)
11.12. 2010
651
1. .
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = 3 + 3 sin .
+ 1 13 + 3 3 > 1
1 sin 1 sin .
, () > 0,
.
2. () = 0
(0, ).
[ 10/100]
. [0, ]
(0) = 0 + 3 0 + cos 0 2 = 1, () = + 3 + cos 2 = + 3 3 > 0.
(0) () < 0, Bolzano, () = 0
(0, ). , .
3. ( + 8) = (6).
[ 5/100]
. , 11,
( + 8) = (6) + 8 = 6 6 + 8 = 0.
2 4, 6 8.
4. lim
() + 1
.
[ 5/100]
. 0,
() + 1 + 3 + cos 1
cos 1
=
= + 3 +
.
(1999)
652
11.
/
, lim cos 1 = 0, lim = 0 , de lHpital

lim
cos 1
(cos 1)
= lim
= lim( sin ) = 0.
()
, lim ( + 3) = 0 + 3 = 3.
lim
() + 1
cos 1
= lim( + 3) + lim
= 3.

() =
+ 3
+ 2, 0. :
1. T .
[ 8/100]
.
() =
+ 3
+ 1
+ 2 = 3
.
, ,
() = 3
2 ( + 1)
+ 1
1
=3
=
3
.
() 0 1 0 1 1. , :
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 0), , [1, 0)
(0, 1), , (0, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) = 6
1, (1) = 6.
(1999)
11.12. 2010
2.
653
T .
[ 8/100]
. : 0 < 0, lim = 0,
lim ( + 1) = 1.
lim () = .
0+ > 0, lim+ = 0, lim+ ( + 1) = 1.

lim () = +.
, = 0 C .
:
lim () = , lim () = +,
C .
: , ,
() ( + ) = 3
+ 1
(3 ) + 3
( + ) =
.
C C + ,
lim () ( + ) = 0,
3 = 0 = 0, = 3, = 0.
, C = 3.
3. T (1, (1)).
[ 4/100]
. (1) = 6 (1) = 0,
= 6 + 0( 1), = 6.
(1999)
654
11.
/
4. T (, ()), > 0, C ,
C
(1, (1)), B(3, (3)).
[ 5/100]
. ,
() =
(3) (1)
31
, [1, 3]
(1, 3).
(3) (1) 10 6
=
=2
31
2
() = 2 3
1
1 2
=
2
=
3 3 = 2 = 3 = 3.
11.13 2010

1. ,
[, ]. [, ] () (),
() () (, )
( ) = .
[ 10/100]
. , () < ().
[(), ()] () = () .
[, ]
()() = () () < 0.
Bolzano, (, ), ( ) = 0, ( ) = .
(1999)
11.13. 2010
655
2.
;
[ 5/100]
. ,
, , < () < ().
3. , .
) , , , ,
+ = + = = .
) ,
C , ,
, , C ,
.
) , , () ()
,
lim () lim ().
) , ( ) 0,
( ) ( ) ( )( )

( ) =
.
( )
) P(), Q() . P()

, P()
Q()
, .
[ 10/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
656
11.
/

[, ] , , < 0 < ,
[, ] (, ). () = 5
() = 5, :
B1. () = 0 (, ).
[ 10/100]
. [, ]
()() = 25 < 0.
Bolzano, () = 0 (, ).
B2. (, ()) C ,
C 5 + 2010 = 0.
[ 10/100]
. [, ] (, ). , (, )
() =
() () 5 5
=
= 5.
, (, ()), C
1
5, . .
5
5
B3 . ( + ).
2
[ 5/100]
5
. () = () ( + ).
2
[, ]
5
5
()() = () ( + ) () ( + )
2
2
5
5
= 5 ( + ) 5 ( + )
2
2
5
5
( ) ( + )
=
2
2
25
= ( ) < 0.
4
5
Bolzano, (, ) () = ( + ).
2
(1999)
11.13. 2010
657

6 + = 0 ,
, ( ) > 0 | | = 5.
1. = 25.
[ 8/100]
. = + , , . | | = + ,
+ = 25.
(11.2)
, ,
( + ) 6( + ) + = 0
+ 2 6 6 + 0
6 + + 2( 3) = 0
(11.3)
6 = 0 ( = 3 = 0).
> 0, 0, (11.3)
= 3. (11.2) = 4.
(11.3) = 25.
2. = 25, .
[ 5/100]
. = 3 + 4.
, = = 3 4.
3.
| | = | |,
.
[ 6/100]
. = + , , ,
| | = | |
| + 3 4| = | + 3 + 4|
| 3 + ( 4)| = | 3 + ( + 4)|
( 3) + ( 4) = ( 3) + ( + 4)
8 + 16 = + 8 + 16
= 0.
= .
(1999)
11.
/
658
4.
( 2 3) + ( 4 + 5) .
[ 6/100]
.
( 2 3) + ( 4 + 5) = (3 + 4 2 3) + (3 4 4 + 5)
= (1 + ) + (1 + )
= (1 + ) + (1 + )
=
=
=
=
(1 + + 2) + (1 + 2)
(2) + (2)
2 2
2 = 32.

() = ( + 3)9 .
1. .
[ 4/100]
. 9 0 9 3 3.
D = [3, 3].
2. :
. (3, 3),
. = 3.
[ 6/100]
(1999)
11.13. 2010
659
. (3, 3), ,
() = ( + 3) 9 + ( + 3)9
= 9 + ( + 3)
= 9 +
= 9
=
=
(9 )
29
2( + 3)
29
+ 3
9
(9 ) ( + 3)
9
2 3 + 9
9
= 3
() =
() (3) ( + 3)9
=
= 9 .
(3)
+3
3 , 3
() = lim 9 = 0.
3.
.
[ 9/100]
.
3
() 0 2 + 3 9 0 3 ,
2
3
= 9 3 . ,
2

3
3
3, , , 3,
2
2
3
3
, 3, , , 3.
2
2
(1999)
660
11.
/
4. .
[ 6/100]
. (, , )
3
3
272
, = =
.
2
2
4
(1999)
12
/
12.1
2001
1:
: A =
1 2
2 1
B =
.
1 1
2 1
. 3 4.
[ 5/100]
.
3A 4B = 3
1 2
2 1
11 10
4B =
=
.
1 1
2 1
11 1
. 2 + = 3.
[ 10/100]
.
2+ = 3 X = 32A X = 3
661
2 1
1 2
4 7
2
X=
.
2 1 1 1
8 1
662
12. /
. + 2 .
[ 10/100]
.
+ 2 =
1 2
1 2
2 1
2 1
+ 2
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1
3 0
4 3
=
+ 2
3 3
6 3
3 0
8 6
=
+
3 3
12 6
11 6
=
.
12 9
2:
:
. () = 3 + 4 5.
[M 5/100]
. () = ( 1)( + 1).
[M 8/100]
. {1} () =
+ 1
.
1
[ 12/100]
. () = (3 + 4 5) = 3( ) + 4( ) 5( ) = 9 + 8 5.
. () = ( 1)(+1) = ( 1) (+1)+( 1)(+1) = 2(+1)+ 1 =

3 + 2 1.
+ 1 ( + 1) ( 1) ( + 1)( 1) 2( 1) ( + 1)
=
. () =
=
=
1
( 1)
( 1)
1
.
( 1)
(1999)
12.1. 2001
663
3:
() = 3 6 + 1.
. .
[ 12/100]
. , () = 6 6. () 0 1, :
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, +), [1, +).
.
.
[ 13/100]
. 1, (1) = 3 1 6
1 + 1 = 2.
4:
20 .
:
( )
0
1
2
3
4
( )
3
5
8
3
1
20
. .
[ 5/100]
. = 2 = 8.
(1999)
664
12. /
. .
[ 10/100]
. =
0 3 + 1 5 + 2 8 + 3 3 + 4 1 34
=
= 1, 7.
20
20
. .
[ 10/100]
. =
+ = N + + , = 3, = 8, = 16, = 19, = 20.
, :
( ) ( )
0
3
1
5
2
8
3
3
4
1
20
. ( )
3
8
16
19
20
12.2 2002
1:
A =
3 4
1 3
B =
.
2 3
1 2
. 2A + 3B.
[ 5/100]
. :
2A + 3B = 2
3 4
1 3
6 8
3 9
3 1
+ 3
=
+
=
.
2 3
1 2
4 6
3 6
1 0
(1999)
12.2. 2002
665
. 3 = 2.
[ 10/100]
. :
3A X = 2B
X = 3A 2B
3 4
1 3
X = 3
2
2 3
1 2
X=
9 12
2 6
+
6 9 2 4
X=
7 6
.
4 5
. + 2A.
[ 10/100]
.
A + 2AB = A(A + 2B)
3 4
3 4
1 3
=

+ 2
2 3
2 3
1 2
3 4
3 4
2 6
+
2 3 2 3 2 4
3 4
5 10
=
2 3
4 7
1 2
=
.
2 41
2:
, () = 2 + 5 () = + 1.
. () ().
[ 5/100]
(1999)
666
12. /
. ,
() = (2 + 5) = 2( ) + (5) = 6
() = ( + 1) = ( ) + (1) = 2.
. [() ()].
[ 10/100]
.
[() ()] =
=
=
=
() () + () ()
6 ( + 1) + (2 + 5)2
6 + 6 + 4 + 10
10 + 6 + 10.
()
.
()
[ 10/100]
()
() () () ()
=
()
()
6 ( + 1) (2 + 5)2
=
( + 1)
6 + 6 4 10
=
( + 1)
2 + 6 10
=
.
( + 1)
3:

() = 4( + 1) + 16 9.
(1999)
12.2. 2002
667
. .
[ 12/100]
. ,
() = 8 + 16.
() 0 8 + 16 0 2, :
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, +), [2, +).
. .
[ 13/100]
. 2,
(2) = 4(2) + 1 + 16(2) 9 = 61.
4:
50 .
:
() . . . . . . . .
F

800
6
900
17
1000
12
1100
8
1200
7
50
(1999)
668
12. /
. .
[ 15/100]
. = + = + + ,
= 6, = 23, = 35, = 43, = 50.
=
= 0, 12, = 0, 34, =
0, 24, = 0, 16, = 0, 14 = 1.
F = F+ = F + + ,
F = 0, 12, F = 0, 46, F = 0, 7, F = 0, 86, F = 1.
, :
() . . . . . . . .
F

800
6
6
0, 12
0, 12
4. 800
900
17
23
0, 34
0, 46
16. 300
1000
12
35
0, 24
0, 7
12. 000
1100
8
43
0, 16
0, 86
8. 800
1200
7
50
0, 14
1
8. 400
50
90. 300
. .
[ 5/100]
. = 900 = 17.
. .
[ 5/100]
. =
90. 300
=
= 1. 806.
50
12.3 2004
1:
) :
1) () = ln , > 0
[ 5/100]
(1999)
12.3. 2004
2) () =
669
+1
[ 5/100]
.
() = ( ln ) = () ln + (ln ) = ln +
1
= ln + 1
()
+ 1 ( + 1) ( + 1)( ) ( + 1)
= =
=
= = .
( )
( )
( )
) :
1) () = sin cos
[ 8/100]
2) () = 5 7 + + 2004
[ 7/100]
. 1)
() = (sin cos ) = (sin ) (cos ) = cos + sin

() = (cos + sin ) = (cos ) + (sin ) = sin + cos .
2)
() = (5 7 + + 2004) = 5( ) 7( ) + () + (2004) = 15 14 + 1.

() = (15 14 + 1) = 15( ) 14() + (1) = 30 14.
(1999)
670
12. /
2:
)
lim
3 9
.
3
[ 10/100]
. 3
3 9 3( 3)
=
= 3,
3
3

lim
3 9
= lim(3) = 9.
) :
() =
1, 1
, > 1
1) lim ().
[ 4/100]
.
lim () = lim ( 1) = 1 1 = 0.
2) lim+ ().
[ 4/100]
.
lim () = lim+ ( ) = .
(1999)
12.3. 2004
3)
671
, = 1.
[ 7/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (1) = 0 (1) = 0 = 0 = 1.
3:
() = 12.
)
.
[ 13/100]
. , () = 3 12.
() 0
3 12 0
4 > 0
4 > 0
|| 2
2 2.
, :
(, 2), (, 2]
(2, 2), [2, 2]
(2, +), [2, +).
) .
[ 6/100]
. = 2
= 2.
(1999)
672
12. /
) , .
[ 6/100]
. (2) = (2) 12(2) = 28.
(2) = 2 12 2 = 12.
4:
50 . :
. . .

0
8
1
20
2
11
3
7
4
4
50
) .
[ 10/100]
. N =
+ = + + .
= 8, = 28, = 39, = 46, = 50.
% =
= 0, 16, = 0, 4, = 0, 22, = 0, 14, = 0, 08.

:
. . .

0
8
8
0, 16
0
1
20
28
0, 4
20
2
11
39
0, 22
22
3
7
46
0, 14
21
4
4
50
0, 08
16
50
1
79
(1999)
12.4. 2005
673
) 50 .
[ 5/100]
. =
)
79
=
= 1, 58 .
50
/- ;
[ 5/100]
. + = 7 + 4 = 11 .
) .
[ 5/100]
12.4
2005
1:

50 :
.
[ , )
N

[0, 2)
5
[2, 4)
10
[4, 6)
20
[6, 8)
10
[8, 10)
5
(1999)
674
12. /
) .
[ 6/100]
+
. =

2
= 1, = 3, = 5, = 7, = 9.
= N+ = N + + = 5, = 15, = 35,
= 45, = 50.
:
.
[ , )
N

[0, 2)
1
5
5
5
[2, 4)
3
10
15
30
[4, 6)
5
20
35
100
[6, 8)
7
10
45
70
[8, 10)
9
5
50
45
50
250
) .
[ 6/100]
. =
250
=
= 10.
25
) /- ;
[ 5/100]
. = 35 .
) .
[ 8/100]
.
=
( ) (1 5) 5 + (3 5) 10 + (5 5) 20 + (7 5) 10 + (9 5) 5
=
= 48.
50
(1999)
12.4. 2005
675
2:

5 + 6
,
<2
() = 1, 2
=2
3 + 2 + 1, > 2
(0) (3).
[M 4/100]
. (0) =
0 5 0 + 6
= 3 (3) = 3 3 3 + 2 3 + 1 = 7.
20
) lim ().
[ 8/100]
. < 2
() =
5 + 6 ( 2)( 3)
=
= ( 3)
2
( 2)
lim () = lim ( 3) = 1.
)
lim+ ().
[ 6/100]
. < 2 () = 3 + 2 + 1,
lim () = lim+ ( 3 + 2 + 1) = 2 3 2 + 2 2 + 1 = 1.
) = 2.
[ 7/100]
. lim () = lim+ () = (2) = 1,
= 2.
3:
() = + + 5, .
(1999)
676
12. /
) .
[ 5/100]
.
() = ( + + 5) = 2 + .
) = 1 ,
= 2.
[ 10/100]
. Fermat, (1) = 0 2(1) + = 0
= 2.
) = 2, .
[ 10/100]
. = 2 () = 2 + 1. () 0 1.
:
(, 1), (, 1]
(1, +), [1, +).
4:

. (
) () = 4 + 30
( ) () = 3 + 20.
) .
[ 4/100]
. (5) = 4 5 + 30 = 130 ..
(1999)
12.5. 2006
677
) P() .
[ 7/100]
. ,

P() = E() K() = + 20 30.
.
[ 6/100]
. ,

P () = ( + 20 30) = 2 + 20.
)
;
[ 8/100]
. P () 0 2 + 20 0 10. P:
(0, 10), [0, 10]
(10, +), [10, +)
= 10 .
12.5
2006
1:
.
[0 10)
/-
10
[10 20)
[20 30)
20
[30 40)
5
(1999)
678
12. /
) = 19
, = 15.
[ 9/100]
+
. =

2
= 5, = 15, = 25, = 35.
= 10, = , = 20 = 5,
= 10 + + 20 + 5 = 35 + .
19 =
5 10 + 15 + 25 20 + 25 5
= 15.
35 +
) = 15 ( ), ( %).
[ 10/100]
. N = + =
N + + , = 10, = 25, = 45 = 50.
=
100
% = 20, % = 30, % = 40 % = 10.

:
/- . .
[ , )
N
%
[0, 10)
5
10
10
20
[10, 20)
15
15
25
30
[20, 30)
25
20
45
40
[30, 40)
35
5
50
10
50
100
) 30 .
[ 3/100]
. + = = 25 .
(1999)
12.5. 2006
679
) 20 .
[ 3/100]
. % + % = 40 + 10 =
50% .
2:

() =
+ 3, 1
2 ,
>1
.
)
lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim ( + 3) = 1 + 1 3 = 2.
) lim+ ().
[ 5/100]
. lim+ () = lim+ (2 ) = 2 .
)
= 1.
[ 8/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (1) 2 = 2 = 2.
(1999)
680
12. /
) = 2, = 1.
[ 7/100]
. = 2
() =
( 1)( 2), 1
+ 2 3, 1
=
2( 1),
>1
2 2,
>1
(1) = 0. 1
() =
() (1)
2, 1
=
2,
>1
1
,
lim () = lim ( 2) = 1 2 = 1, lim+ () = lim+ 2 = 2,
1.
3:
() = 2 6.
) (0) = 5, () .
[ 5/100]
. () = () = (2 6) = 6 + ,
(0) = 5 0 6 0 + = 5 = 5. () = 6 + 5.
) ():
(i)
[ 8/100]
(ii)
[ 8/100]
. () 0 2 6 0 3, :
(, 3), , (, 3]
(3, +), , [3, +)
3, (3) = 3 6 3 + 5 = 4.
(1999)
12.5. 2006
)
681
(2) (3).
[ 4/100]
. () = (2 6) = 2.
(2) = (3) = 2.
4:
45 ,
= 0 . ,

S() = 5 (, ).
)
= 2 .
[ 4/100]
. S(2) = 5 2 = 20 .
) , = 3 .
[ 7/100]
. S() = 45 5 = 45 = 9 = 3.
)
:
(i) () .
[ 7/100]
(ii) .
[ 7/100]
. () = S () = (5 ) = 10,
(3) = 10 3 = 30 /.
(1999)
682
12. /
12.6 2007
1:
/-
. .
/- . %
( )
( )
( %)
2
2
5
4
6
3
8
. = 10.
[ 7/100]
.
%++ % = 100 2+4+3+ = 100 10 = 100 = 10.
. = 10:
1. .
[ 9/100]
100 = %
% %
=
=
.
100
2
,
:
.
/- . %
( )
( )
( %)
2
10
20
5
20
40
6
15
30
8
5
10
50
100
(1999)
12.6. 2007
683
2.
/- .
[ 5/100]
.
=
2 10 + 5 20 + 6 15 + 8 5
=
= 4, 8.
50
3. /-
6,
100 /-.
[ 4/100]
. , , .
+ +
= 6 + + = 300.
50
100
=
+ + + + + 240 + 300
=
= 10, 8.
100
50
2:

2 + + 2, 3
() = 2 6
,
>3
3
.
. lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
. > 3
() =
2 6 2( 3)
=
= 2.
3
3
lim+ () = lim+ (2) = 6.

(1999)
684
12. /
. lim ().
[ 6/100]
.
lim () = lim (2 + + 2) = 2 + 3 + 3 2 = 3 + 7.
. = 3.
[ 6/100]
1
. lim () = lim+ () 3 + 7 = 6 = .
3
. (2).
[ 5/100]
. (, 3)
() = 2 + + 2 = 2 (3 ) + 2 + = 2 + 2 +
() = 2 + 2 + = 2 (3 ) + 2 = 2 + 2.
(2) = 2 + 2 = 2 + 2.
3:
() =
+1
.
1
. .
[ 4/100]
. 1 0 1.
A = {1}.
. .
[ 8/100]
. ,
( + 1) ( 1) ( + 1)( 1)
2
() =
=
.
( 1)
( 1)
(1999)
12.6. 2007
685
. (1, +).
[ 6/100]
. > 1, () < 0. (1, +).
. (0) (3) (2) = 0.

[ 7/100]
.
(0) (3) (2) =
0+1 3+1
2
= 2 + 2 = 0.
01 31
(2 1)
4:
2 m .
( ) ,
( ), () = :
18
. = 3 .
[ 5/100]
1
3
= .
. (3) =
18 2
.
2
.
V() =
9
[ 7/100]
. V() = 2 2 () =
4 2
=
.
18
9
(1999)
686
12. /
.
= 5 .
[ 7/100]
. V ,
V () =
V (5) =
2 4
= .
9
9
4 5 20
= .
9
9
. .
[ 6/100]
.
V() = 2
2
= 2 = 2 9 = 6.
9
12.7 2008
1:

1
5
2
10
3
20
4
2
5
5
.
. 3.
[ 15/100]
. = 40 + 2. :
=
110 + 8
5 + 20 + 60 + 8 + 25
3
= 5.
40 + 2
40 + 2
(1999)
12.7. 2008
687
. = 5 :
i) ,
[ 5/100]
ii) .
[ 5/100]
. = 5 , , = , N+ = N ++ .
1
2
3
4
5
N
5
5
10 15
20 35
10 45
5 50
50
= 40 + 2 5 = 50 . = 25
2
+ 1 = 25 = 35 ,
2
+
= = 3.
=
2
= 20, = 20.
2:
() = .
. :
i) ,
[ 4/100]
ii) .
[ 4/100]
. , ,
() = ( ) = + = (1 + )
() = (1 + ) = + (1 + ) = (2 + ) .
(1999)
688
12. /
. () () = , .
[ 8/100]
. () () = (2 + ) (1 + ) = .
.
lim
() () + ()
.
1
[ 9/100]
.
() () + () (2 + ) + (1 + ) ( 1)
=
=
= ,
1
1
1

lim
() () + ()
= lim = .
3:
:

, 0<<1
() = 1
=1
+ 5,
2 + 2,
> 1.
.
. lim ().
[ 10/100]
. < 1
() =
( 1)( + 1)( + 1) ( 1)( + 1)( + 1)

=
= ( + 1)( + 1).
1
( 1)( + 1)
lim () = lim ( + 1)( + 1) = 4.

(1999)
12.7. 2008
689
. lim+ ().
[ 4/100]
.
lim () = lim+ 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4.
. = 1.
[ 6/100]
. 1 4.
1, ,
lim () = (1) + 5 = 4 5 + 4 = 0 = 1 = 4.
. = 2.
[ 5/100]
. [1, +) () = 2 + 2 .
() = 2 ( 1) = 2 .
, 2 (2) = 2 .
4:
() = 4 6 + + 2008,
.
. .
[ 3/100]
. ,
() = 12 12.
(1999)
690
12. /
. .
[ 8/100]
. () 0 12( 1) 0 0 1, :
(, 0), , (, 0]
(0, 1), , [0, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +).
. , .
[ 8/100]
. 1,
(1) = 4 1 6 1 + + 2008 = + 2006.
. 2009.
[ 6/100]
. + 2006 = 2009 = 3.
12.8 2009
1:
:

0
20
1
15
2
5
3
10
N %
(1999)
12.8. 2009
691
. .
[ 15/100]
. = .

% = 100 .

N = , N+ = N + + .
, :
0
1
2
3
20
15
5
10
50
0, 4
0, 3
0, 1
0, 2
10
% N %
40
20
30
35
10
40
20
50
100

0
15
10
30
55
. .
[ 3/100]
. =
55
=
= 1, 1.
50
. .
[ 4/100]
= 25 + 1 = 26 = 35
2
2
, . =
+
= = 1.
2
. R 10 + 4R = 0.
[ 3/100]
. R = 30 = 3, 10+4R
= 101, 1+143 = 0.
(1999)
692
12. /
2:

() = 1 , > 1
2 3, 1
.
. lim+ ().
[ 8/100]
. > 1 () =
( 1)
=
= ,
1
1
lim+ () = lim+ = 1.
. lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim+ () = lim+ (2 3) = 2 3.
. ,
lim ().
[ 7/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () 2 3 = 1 = 2.
. = 2 = 2(2) 3(1).
[ 5/100]
. = 2

() = 1 , > 1
4 3, 1
= 2(2) 3(1) = 2 2 3 (7) = 25.
(1999)
12.8. 2009
693
3:
() = 3 + 2.
. .
[ 8/100]
. ,
() = ( 3 + 2) = 3 3.
. .
[ 8/100]
. ,
() = (3 3) = 6.
.
( 1) (0) + 4 (1) = 27.
[ 9/100]
.
( 1) (0) + 4 (1) = 27
( 1) (3) + 4 6 = 27
3( 1) = 3
1 = 1
= 0.
4:
() = ln 1.
. .
[ 4/100]
. > 0, D = (0, +).
(1999)
694
12. /
. .
[ 6/100]
. D ,
() = (ln 1) =
1
1
1=
.
. .
[ 10/100]
.
() 0
1
0 1 0 1.
:
(0, 1), , (0, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +).
. ln 2008 2009 > ln 2009 2010.

[ 5/100]
. 2008 < 2009 2008, 2009 [1, +),
(2008) > (2009) ln 2008 2008 1 > ln 2009 2009 1
ln 2008 2009 > ln 2009 2010.
12.9 2010
A
:
5, 3, 7, 2, 5, 8.
, :
(1999)
12.9. 2010
695
1. .
[ 3/100]
. R = 8 2 = 6.
2. T .
[ 5/100]
. =
5 + 3 + 7 + 2 + 5 + 8 30
=
= 5.
6
6
3. T .
[ 5/100]
. , ,
2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8.
, =
5+5
= 5.
2
4. .
[ 5/100]
. 5, 2.
A5. .
[ 7/100]
.
=
(2 5) + (3 5) + 2 (5 5) + (7 5) + (8 5) 11
= .
6
3
B

4
, 2
() =
2
() = 6 + 2, 2.
:
(1999)
696
12. /
1. lim ().
[ 7/100]
. 2
() =
4 ( 2)( + 2)
=
= ( + 2)
2
( 2)
lim () = lim ( + 2) = 4.
2. lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim 6 + 2 = 6 2 + 2 = 4.
3. lim () = 4 lim () = 4,
lim () + 8 = 20.
[ 6/100]
. lim () + 8 = lim () + 8 lim = 4 + 8 2 = 20.
4. lim () = 4 lim () = 4,
lim
+ lim ()
= lim ().
3 + 2
[ 7/100]
. 2
+ lim ()
4
( 2)( + 2) + 2
=
=
=
3 + 2
( 1)( 2) ( 1)( 2) 1
lim
+ lim ()
+2 2+2
=
lim
=
= 4 = lim ().
1
3 + 2
21

:
3 8, 4
() = 4
, >4
2
(1999)
12.9. 2010
697
1. (0), (4) (16).

[ 6/100]
.
(0) = 3 0 8 = 8
(4) = 3 4 8 = 4
12
16 4
=
(16) =
= 6.
2
16 2
2. lim ().
[ 3/100]
. lim () = lim (3 8) = 3 4 8 = 4.
3. lim+ ().
[ 5/100]
. > 4
() =
4
( 4)( + 2)
( 4)( + 2)
=
=
= + 2,
4
2 ( 2)( + 2)
lim+ () = lim+ + 2 = 4 + 2 = 4.
4. = 4.
[ 6/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (4) = 4.
, 4.
5. = 0,
3.
[ 5/100]
. (, 4) ,
() = (3 8) = 3. 0 (0) = 3.
(1999)
698
12. /

1
1
() = + + ,
3
3
.
1. .
[ 4/100]
. ,
1
1
() = + + = 1, () = ( 1) = 2.
3
3
2.
() + ()
lim
.
+1
[ 4/100]
.
() + ()
1 + 2 1 1 + 2 1
lim
= lim
=
= 1.
+1
+1
1+1
3. , .
[ 10/100]
. () 0 1 1 1, :
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, 1), , [1, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) = + 1
1
1, (1) = + .
3
(1999)
12.10. 2010
699
4. ,
.
[ 7/100]
.
(1) = 3(1) + 1 = 3
12.10
1
+ = 1.
3
2010
A
A1. ;
[ 4/100]
. ,
, ,
.
2. , .
) CV =

100% = 100%.

) lim () = , , :
lim () = lim () = .
) , A
,
( ) () = ()() () ().
) [, ],
() = ().
[ 12/100]
. ) , ) , ) , ) .
(1999)
700
12. /
A3. , , .

.
. sin
. ln , > 0

1
1.
2. 0
3. sin
4. cos
1
5.
6. 1
[ 9/100]
. -2, -4, -5.
B
:
. .
N
0
5
1
2
2
15
3
20
50
1. .
[ 5/100]
. + + = 5 + 2 + 15 + 20 = 50 = 5.
2.
= 5.
[ 9/100]
.
% =
=
= 0, 2 .
50
(1999)
12.10. 2010
701

= , N+ = N + + .
,
. .
N
0
5
0, 1
5
1
10
0, 2
10
2
15
0, 3
15
3
20
0, 4
20
50
1
3. , = 5.
[ 6/100]
. =
0 5 + 1 10 + 2 15 + 3 20 100
=
=
= 2.
50
50
4. , = 5.
[ 5/100]
= 25 + 1 = 26 = 30
2
2
+
, . , =
= =
2
2.
.

:
4, 3
() = 9
, >3

3
1. lim ().
[ 5/100]
. lim () = lim ( 4) = 3 4.
(1999)
702
12. /
2. lim+ ().
[ 12/100]
. > 3
() =
9
( 3)( + 3) + 3
=
=
3
( 3)
lim+ () = lim+
+3 3+3
=
= 3.
3. = 3.
[ 8/100]
.
lim () = lim+ () = (3) 3 4 = 2 = 2.

() = + 2 3, .
1. (2) = 2, .
[ 5/100]
. ,
() = 2 + 2.
(2) = 2 4 + 2 = 2 = 1.
2. = 1,
.
[ 10/100]
. = 1 () = + 2 3 () = 2 + 2.
() 0 2 + 2 0 1.
, :
(1999)
12.10. 2010
703
(, 1), , (, 1]
(1, +), , [1, +)
1, (1) = 1 + 2 1 3 = 2.
3.
( + 2 3).
[ 10/100]
.
( + 2 3) =
10
+ 3 = .
3
3
(1999)
704
12. /
(1999)

Creative Commons 3.0 ,
,
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION . /
.
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION
. CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION

.
( )
CREATIVE COMMONS
CORPORATION ( CCPL ).
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Creative Commons Corporation,
CCPL.
Creative Commons
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http://creativecommons.org/.
(1999)

ΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ - ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΕΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ (1999 -)

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ΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΥ - ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΕΣ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ (1999 -)

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(1999)

4.1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5.24 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

12.10 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

sin 6 + sin 4 = 2 sin 5 cos .

) sin 6 + sin 4 + 4 sin 5 = 0.

2 sin 5 cos + 4 sin 5 = 0

620 < A < 640

. -3, -4, -1.

() = sin 2 (1 cos 2) 2(1 + cos ) = sin 2 cos 2 3.

() = sin 2 cos 2 = 2 sin 2

5(2 cos 1) 14 cos 7 = 0

cos [1, 1], = 49 + 120 = 169

cos (2 sin cos + 4 sin )

ln( 2 + 3) > 2 ln 3 + 2 ln( 1)

log(3 2 1), log(4 2 1), log(8 2 2)

sin = sin cos = cos

log 1 log 5 log

= = 202 = = 202 25,

. -4, -5, -2.

. -3, -4, -2.

(,) = OA R = 13R R = 12R

(iv) = 3, = 6 + 3 = 3(2 + 1), 3, .

, (112, 72) = (72, 40) = (40, 32) = 8 (5, 4) = 8.

. -2, -3, -1, -5.

. -5, -3, -4, -1.

. -5, -1, -7, -6.

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) =

. -2, -5, -3.

. [14, 16] = [+2,

|A B| |A| + |B| |A| |B|

(8 13) + (10 13) + + (9 13)

P(A B) + P(A B) P(A B) + P(A B) 0

P(A B) P(A B) 2 P(A B) P(A B) 0

(P(A)) = P(A) P(A B) + P(A) 0 = P(B) + P(A)

(P()) = P(B) P(A B) + P(B) 0 = P(A) + P(B) .

P(A B) = P(A) P(A B) = 0, 55 0, 3 = 0, 25.

P(B A) = P(B) P(A B) = 0, 4 0, 3 = 0, 1.

. = {1, 2, , 30} A = {2, 4, , 30}

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) = 0, 5 + 0, 2 0, 1 = 0, 6.

lim () = lim( 1) lim + 3 = 43.

(.) (.) . (.)

(ii) AB = AB , (AB)(AB ) = A (AB)(AB ) = .

(iii) P((A B) ) = 1 P(A B) = 1 = .

. ()() = ()()+ ()(),

, P(3) = , P(4) = , P(5) = , P(6) = .

P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) + P(6) = 1

B = {1, 3, 5} P(B) = P(1) + P(3) + P(5) =

. (), (), ().

P(A) = P(A B) + P(A B ) = 0, 5.

= 8 8 + (8 + 4) = 152 > 100, .

P(A) + P(A ) = 1 P(A ) = 1 P(A).

P(A B A B) = 0, 7 P(A B) P(A B) = 0, 7 P(A B) = 0, 2.

[3, 5), [5, 7), [7, 9), [9, 11)

P() = P(1) + P(0) + P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) =

(1) = (0) = (1) = (2) =

= 2, +1 = 3, 2 +2 = 6, 2+1 = 3, B = {3, 6, 3}1.

P(A B ) = P(A) + P(B ) P(A B ) = P(A) + 1 P(B) P(A B ) = =

P(X ) = P({1, 2}) =

+ (15 ) + 100 = 217 15 + 54 = 0 = 9 = 6.

. = , = 70, = 108 . = 30, = 50, = 70, = 90.

P(A B) P(A) P(A B).

P(A B) = , P(A) = , P(A B) = .