Karl Heinrich Marx

(1818-1883)
- Born in Trier, Germany
- Political thinker
- Communism
- Co-editor: Friedrich n!els
- "rote, #conomic and $hiloso$hical manuscri$ts%
- #The Communist &ani'esto,% #(as )a$ital%
Back!round:
- studied the ideal o' the #French *e+olution% and #,ndustrial
*e+olution%
- #The -e.ish /uestion% 0 tem$erament o' -esus
- 1e't .in! 2e!elians (youn! 2e!elians) m$athetic 0 human
la3orers
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Marxs predecessor)
(1445-1831)
- Born in 6tutt!art, Germany
- "rote: #The Phenomenolo!y o' the 6$irit7&ind8%
- The #Truth is the "hole8%
2e!el is one o' the most di9cult $hiloso$hers8
- : !i+en thin! can only 3e understood .ith its interconnections .ith
reality8
- (on;t see thin!s in an isolated stand$oint8
- :6 : "2<1 connected =all> e+erythin!?, .ider $ers$ecti+e
2e!el;s theory on #sel' identity%
#sel'% #other%
&:6T* 61:@
Personal identity 0 seen in re'erence o' &A1T,TA( o' others (6artre .as
inBuenced)8
2e!el;s $hiloso$hical system
#German idealism%
*eality C #Geist%
- 3ased on the a3solute mind7s$irit D<T a static deity Enot
somethin! 'roFenG constant $rocess7dynamic, acti+e
- *:1,TH ,6 G<(I
2e!el;s theory on chan!e
#Theory o' dialectics% (3 sta!es)
18) Thesis 0 startin! $oint o' a !i+en reality
J8) :nti-thesis 0 o$$osition to the thesis
38) 6ynthesis 0 com3ination o' thesis and anti-thesis
Kam$les:
- $rocess !oes on and on
- it should 3e ne!ated7o$$osed
&arK 0 humanity #The nation-state should 3e challen!ed8%
science 0 im$ortant element accordin! to 2e!el8 rationalist
2e!el;s idea o' 'reedom
3 sta!es o' socio-$olitical li'e
,,,8) The state (synthesis)
,,8) Ci+il society (antithesis)
,8) Family (thesis)
- $ra!matic
- uni+ersal le+el (no conBict7social 'reedom)
6AB-AG:T T2&61@6
,8) Family 1i'e (thesis)
- The 'amily is the #initial social !rou$ .hich one eK$eriences8%
- Family li'e is 'ounded on a sense o' #unity% amon! the mem3ers8
- Phase o' indi+idual 'reedom on its minimum le+el8
,,8) Ci+il 6ociety (:nti-thesis)
- #Ci+il society% is a scenario 3ased on indi+idualism and social
reco!nition o' others8
a8) Pri+ate $ro$erty% 0 .hat is mine is mine
38) #ConBict% 0 coeKistence
Ltem$oral $haseM
,,,8) The ca$italist state (synthesis)
- #The synthesis o' the unity o' 'amily li'e and the indi+idualism o'
ci+il society8%
- #The social contrast%
- de+elo$ed 3y 2o33es and *osseau
J-.ay $rocess: