Chng 8: h thng iu khin kh nn v in

kh nn
8.1. h thng iu khin kh nn
8.1.1. Biu trng thi
+/ Biu trng thi biu din trng thi cc phn t trong mch, mi lin gia cc
phn t v trnh t chuyn mch ca cc phn t.
+/ Trc ta thng ng biu din trng thi (hnh trnh chuyn ng, p sut,
gc quay, ...), trc ta nm ngang biu din cc bc thc hin hoc thi gian hnh
trnh. Hnh trnh lm vic c chia thnh cc bc, s thay i trng thi trong cc
bc c biu din bng ng m, s lin kt cc tn hiu c biu din bng
ng nt mnh v chiu tc ng biu din bng mi tn.
+/ Xilanh i ra k hiu du (+), li v k hiu (-).
+/ Cc phn t iu khin k hiu v tr 0 v v tr 1 (hoc a, b).
+/ Mt s k hiu biu din biu trng thi:

p
Phn t tn hiu
tc ng bng c
Phn t p sut


t
Lin kt OR
Phn t thi gian


Lin kt AND
Tn hiu r nhnh

8.1.2. Cc phng php iu khin
Bao gm cc phng php sau
+/ iu khin bng tay: iu khin trc tip v iu khin gin tip
+/ iu khin theo thi gian
+/ iu khin theo hnh trnh
+/ iu khin theo tng
+/ iu khin theo nhp.
a. iu khin bng tay
+/ iu khin trc tip





108

-
+
1.0
1.2
P
0 1
A
R P
0 1
1.1
X
R
A












Biu trng thi










+/ iu khin gin tip
Trng thi
K hiu Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4 5 6
1.0
Xilanh mt
chiu
(+)
(-)

1.2
Van o
chiu 3/2
1
0

1.1 Nt n 3/2
1
0

A
R P
0 1
A
R P
0 1
1.0
+
-
P
0 1
R
A
1.2
Y
1.1
1.3
X














Biu trng thi
109












b. iu khin theo thi gian















Biu trng thi











Trng thi
K hiu Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4 5 6
1.0
Xilanh mt
chiu
(+)
(-)


1.3
Van o
chiu 3/2
1
0

1.2 Nt n 3/2
1
0

1.1 Nt n 3/2
1
0

Trng thi
K hiu Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4 5 6
1.0
Xilanh hai
chiu
(+)
(-)


1.3
Van o
chiu 5/2
1
0

1.2
Phn t thi
gian
1
0

1.1 Nt n 3/2
1
0

A
R P
0 1
X
A
R P
0 1
1.0
+
-
P
0
1.3
Y
R S
A B
1
1.2
t
X
1.1
110
iu khin theo thi gian c chu k t ng

1.0




















Biu trng thi














Trng thi
K hiu Tn gi
V
tr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.0
Xilanh hai
chiu
(+)
(-)




1.4
Van o
chiu 5/2
1
0

1.3
Phn t
thi gian
1
0

1.2
Phn t
thi gian
1
0

1.1 Nt n 3/2
1
0

P
0
X
1.4
Y
R S
A B
1
A
R P
0 1
X
1.3 A
R
P
0 1
X
1.2
A
R P
0 1
1.1



111
c. iu khin theo hnh trnh





















Biu trng thi














Trng thi
K hiu Tn gi
V
tr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.0
Xilanh hai
chiu
(+)
(-)


1.4
Van o
chiu 5/2
1
0

1.3
Cng tc hnh
trnh 3/2
1
0

1.2
Cng tc hnh
trnh 3/2
1
0

1.1 Nt n 3/2
1
0



A
R P
0 1
1.2
1.0
P
0
X
1.4
Y
R S
A B
1
A
R P
0 1
1.3
A
R P
0 1
1.1
1.2 1.3



112
d. iu khin theo tng
+/ Mch iu khin 2 tng
e
1
, e
2
l tn hiu iu khin vo
a
1
, a
2
l tn hiu iu khin ra
Khi tng I c kh nn, th tng II s khng c kh
II
I
e
2
e
1
a
2
a
1
Tng
nn v ngc li.



+/ Mch iu khin 3 tng
e
1
, e
2
, e
3
l tn hiu iu khin vo
a
1
, a
2
, a
3
l tn hiu iu khin ra

Khi tng I c kh th tng II v III khng
c kh, ngha l khi 1 tng c kh th 2 tng cn li
Tng
a
1
a
2
e
1
e
4
I
II
III
a
3
e
2
IV
e
3
a
4
Tng
a
1
a
2
e
1
e
3
I
II
e
2
a
3
III
khng c kh.





+/ Mch iu khin 4 tng


















113
V d:

























Biu trng thi








Trng thi
Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Xilanh A
(+)
(-)

Xilanh B
(+)
(-)

A
S
1
S
2
P
0
1.2
1
1.1
S
0
0 1
0 1
S
3
0 1
B
P
0
1.3
1
0 1
S
4
0 1
S
1
S
4
S
3
S
1
S
2
S
2
S
4
S
3





114
e. iu khin theo nhp
OR
0
Y
n
1.1
O
n
1
0 1
Y
n+1
A
1.2
AND
X
n
P
Z
n
L
P
Z
n+1
L















Mch logic ca chui iu khin theo nhp












S R

S R
&
1
A
2

S R
2
&
A
3

S R
4 3
&
X
4
A
4
&
X
3
X
2
A
1
Z
n
Y
n
X
1
Y
n+1
Z
n+1

Biu din n gin chui iu khin theo nhp

4 3 1 2
L
P
Y
n
L
P
Y
n+1
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
X
4
X
3
X
2
X
1




Z
n
Z
n+1




115
V d:































Biu trng thi





Trng thi
Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Xilanh A
(+)
(-)

Xilanh B
(+)
(-)

X
1
X
2
X
3
X
4
A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
Y
n+1
P
Z
n+1
L
Y
n
P
Z
n
L
1 2 3 4
A
S
1
S
2
P
0 1
B
P
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
S
4
S
3
S
1
S
2
S
4
S
3
116
8.2. h thng iu khin in kh nn
8.2.1. Cc phn t in
a. Nt n thng m




b. Nt n thng ng




c. Tip im thng m



d. Tip im thng ng



e. Rle
+/ Rle iu khin



+/ Rle thi gian tc ng mun



+/ Rle thi gian nh mun




f. Nam chm in ca van



g. n bo hiu

SR
SA
117
8.2.2. Mch iu khin kh nn
a. Mch iu khin c tip im t duy tr
+/ Mch kh nn










+/ Biu trng thi
-
+
P
0
1.1
R S
A B
1
Y
5
B A
1.0


Trng thi
Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4
Xilanh
1.0
(+)
(-)









+/ Mch in iu khin


(+)
A
1
K
2
Xilanh li v
Xilanh i ti
A
2 H
3
(-)
Y
5
K
2
Tip im t
duy tr
K
2
S
1
S
2
1 2 3 4















118
b. Mch iu khin c rle thi gian tc ng chm
+/ Mch kh nn










+/ Biu trng thi
-
+
P
0
1.1
R S
A B
1
Y
6
A B
S
2
1.0

Trng thi
Tn gi V tr
1 2 3 4
Xilanh 1.0
(+)
(-)

Van /k
5/2
1
0

Ctc hnh
trnh S
2
1
0

Rle thi
gian K
2
1
0

t















+/ Mch in iu khin

Y
6
K
4
A
1
K
2
S
2
H
3
A
2
Xilanh i ti
Xilanh li v
K
2
S
4
K
4
A
2
A
1
H
5
K
4
(+)
(-)
1 2 3 4 5 6









119
c. Mch iu khin theo nhp c 2 xilanh kh nn

S
1
S
2
Y
1
Y
2
S
3

S
4







Xilanh
A
+
B
+
B
-
A
-
KT
Cng tc hnh trnh
S
5
S
2
S
4
S
3
S
1
Nam chm in
Y
1
Y
2
0 0

Mch in iu khin









K
1
S
5
(-)
(+)
Y
1
S
2
K
2
SET quy trnh
tr v v tr
ban u
K
3
K
2
Y
2
K
5
K
4
K
3
K
2
SET
K
4
K
1
S
1
K
4
K
4
K
3
S
3
S
4
K
1
K
5
S
1














120
Ti liu tham kho
[1]. H thng iu khin bng thy lc - Nguyn Ngc Phng, Hunh Nguyn
Hong, nh XBGD, 2000.
[2]. Truyn ng du p trong my ct kim loi - Nguyn Ngc Cn, HBK HN,
1974.
[3]. iu khin bng kh nn trong t ng ha k ngh - Nguyn Thnh Tr bin
dch, nh xut bn Nng.
[4]. H thng iu khin t ng thy lc - Trn Xun Ty, nh XBKH v KT, HN
2002.
[5]. H thng iu khin bng kh nn - Nguyn Ngc Phng, nh XBGD, 1999.
[6]. Herbert E.Merritt, Hydraulic control systems, Printed in USA, 1967.
[7]. Claude Ducos. Olo - Hydraulique. Technique et documentation, Lavoisier,
Paris 1988.
[8]. M.Guillon, Hydraulic servo systems analysis and design, London,
Butterworths, 1969.
[9]. Pneumatics, Basic Level TP 101, Festo Didactic, 1989.
121