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CHUYN GIAO CNG NGH

CHUYN C10


NGHIN CU TNG TH V CC DNG IU KIN
BIN TRONG MI TRNG PHN MM ANSYS CFX, V
TNH TON M PHNG NHIT - KT CU CHO BUNG
CHY NG C HNG KHNG TRONG MI TRNG
PHN MM ANSYS WORKBENCH V ANSYS CFX




H Ni, 2009
Tm tt ni dung nghin cu


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Nghin cu tng th v cc dng iu kin bin trong mi trng phn mm Ansys
CFX, v tnh ton m phng nhit - kt cu cho bung chy ng c hng khng trong
mi trng phn mm Ansys Workbench v Ansys CFX, bao gm cc cng vic c th
sau:
Phn 1: Nghin cu tng th v cc dng iu kin bin trong mi trng phn
mm Ansys CFX
- L thuyt v iu kin bin
- ngha v vai tr ca iu kin bin trong m phng s
- Cc dng iu kin bin trong mi trng phn mm Ansys CFX.
- M phng p dng iu kin bin cho mt bi ton c th.
Phn 2: Nghin cu lm mt thnh bung chy ng c hng khng trong mi
trng phn mm Ansys CFX
- L thuyt truyn nhit
- Gii thiu v ng c hng khng
- Nguyn tc lm mt thnh bung t ng c
- Vt liu chu nhit hp kim Hastelloy X
- M phng dng lm mt thnh bung t ng c hng khng
- Phn tch nh gi kt qu m phng
Phn 3: Tnh ton kt cu v m phng thnh bung t ng c hng khng
chu ti nhit trong mi trng phn mm Ansys Workbench
- L thuyt tnh ton kt cu chu ti trng nhit
- L thuyt v m hnh phn t hu hn cho qu trnh truyn nhit
- Quan h gia trng ng sut v trng nhit
- Xy dng quy trnh tnh ton kt cu chu ti trng nhit
- Phn tch nh gi kt qu m phng s
- Cc trng hp tnh ton kt cu chu ti nhit
o Thnh bung t khng c lm mt
o Thnh bung t c lm mt vi dng sun
o Thnh bung t c lm mt bng dng ha trn




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Mc lc
Phn 1: Nghin cu tng th v cc dng iu kin bin trong mi
trng phn mm ANSYS CFX. ................................................................... 8
1.1 L thuyt v iu kin bin. ............................................................... 8
1.1.1 nh ngha iu kin bin. ........................................................... 8
1.1.2 Mt s iu kin bin ton hc. ................................................... 8
1.2 ngha v vai tr ca iu kin bin trong m phng s. ............... 15
1.3 Cc dng iu kin bin trong ANSYS CFX. .................................. 17
1.3.1 Kiu bin INLET. ....................................................................... 18
1.3.2 Kiu bin OUTLET. ................................................................... 21
1.3.3 Kiu bin OPENING.................................................................. 22
1.3.4 Kiu bin WALL. ....................................................................... 22
1.3.5 Kiu bin SYMMETRY. ........................................................... 24
1.4 M phng p dng iu kin bin cho mt bi ton c th. ............ 25
1.4.1 Xy dng m hnh th nghim iu kin bin trong CFX. ....... 25
1.4.2 M t bi ton. ............................................................................ 26
1.4.3 Cc trng hp thit lp iu kin bin. .................................... 27
1.4.4 Kt qu m phng bi ton: ....................................................... 28
1.4.5 Phn tch nh hng ca iu kin bin. ................................... 30
Phn 2: Nghin cu lm mt thnh bung chy ng c hng khng
trong mi trng phn mm ANSYS CFX. ............................................... 34
2.1 L thuyt truyn nhit. ...................................................................... 34
2.1.1 Khi nim v trao i nhit. ....................................................... 34
2.1.2 Cc phng thc trao i nhit. ................................................. 34


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2.1.3 Cc cng thc truyn nhit. ....................................................... 41
2.2 Gii thiu v ng c Hng Khng. ................................................. 42
2.2.1 ng c phn lc mt lung Turbojet ....................................... 43
2.2.2 ng c phn lc hai lung Turbofan ....................................... 44
2.3 Nguyn tc lm mt thnh bung t ng c. ................................ 45
2.4 Vt liu chu nhit hp kim Hastelloy X. ......................................... 47
2.4.1 Thnh phn ................................................................................. 48
2.4.2 Cc thng s vt l c trng ca hp kim Hastelloy X. .......... 49
2.5 M phng dng lm mt thnh bung t ng c hng khng ...... 50
2.5.1 Gii hn bi ton m phng. ...................................................... 50
2.5.2 M t bi ton. ............................................................................ 50
2.5.3 Thit lp bi ton. ....................................................................... 51
2.6 Phn tch v nh gi kt qu m phng .......................................... 55
2.7 Kt lun. ............................................................................................ 57
Phn 3: Tnh ton kt cu v m phng thnh bung t ng c
hng khng chu ti nhit trong mi trng phn mm ANSYS
Workbench ..................................................................................................... 58
3.1 L thuyt chung v tnh ton kt cu vt liu chu ti nhit. ............ 58
3.1.1 Cc cng thc ca qu trnh truyn nhit. ................................. 58
3.1.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn cho qu trnh truyn nhit. ............ 58
3.1.3 Quan h gia trng ng sut v nhit . ................................ 59
3.2 Bi ton kt cu thnh bung chy khi lm mt. .............................. 59
3.2.1 M t bi ton ............................................................................. 59
3.2.2 Thit lp bi ton ........................................................................ 60


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3.3 Kt qu v phn tch ......................................................................... 62
Ph lc 1: Bi ton m phng lm mt trong ANSYS CFX ................ 65
Ph lc 2: Bi ton m phng kim bn trong ANSYS ........................ 72




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Danh sch cc hnh
Hnh 1.1 iu kin bin hn hp. .............................................................. 13
Hnh 1.2 iu kin bin trong m hnh a pha. ......................................... 18
Hnh 1.3 Cc iu kin bin c bn nh ngha mt dng chy ................ 18
Hnh 1.4 M hnh khng thit lp iu kin bin i xng ....................... 24
Hnh 1.5 Kch thc chi tit m hnh th nghim 2D ............................... 25
Hnh 2.1 Ba phng thc trao i nhit (a): dn nhit; (b): i lu;
(c): bc x ........................................................................................................ 35
Hnh 2.2 Cn bng nhit cho dV trong V .................................................. 36
Hnh 2.3 Tia nhit trong thang o sng in t. ..................................... 39
Hnh 2.4 S tng qut ng c Turbojet. ............................................. 43
Hnh 2.5 S tng qut ng c Turbofan. ............................................ 45
Hnh 2.6 Cc thnh phn chnh trong cu to bung chy. ....................... 45
Hnh 2.7 Phn b cc dng kh bn trong bung chy. ............................. 46
Hnh 2.8 Cc dng thnh bung t vi dng lm mt bn trong. ............ 47
Hnh 2.9 M hnh y bung chy ng c Teledyne .......................... 51
Hnh 2.10 M hnh hnh hc 1/16 bung chy ng c Teledyne. ........... 52
Hnh 2.11 M hnh li cho bi ton CFD. ............................................... 52
Hnh 2.12 Miu t cc thng s u vo cho bi ton CFD ...................... 53
Hnh 2.13 Thit lp cc iu kin bin cho m hnh ................................. 54
Hnh 2.14 Hai trng hp m phng (1): dng lm mt sun; (2): dng
lm mt c ha trn ......................................................................................... 54


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Hnh 2.15 Phn b ng dng streamline trong 2 trng hp m phng55
Hnh 2.16 Bin thin nhit ti 2 mt ct x=0 v x=0.25. ...................... 56
Hnh 3.1 M hnh hnh hc cho bi ton kt cu ....................................... 60
Hnh 3.2 : Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp khng c lm mt .............. 63
Hnh 3.3 Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp lm mt ................................ 63
Hnh 3.4 Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp lm mt dng ha trn ........ 64



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Phn 1: Nghin cu tng th v cc dng iu kin bin trong
mi trng phn mm ANSYS CFX.

1.1 L thuyt v iu kin bin.
1.1.1 nh ngha iu kin bin.
Trong m phng s, thc t l rt kh khn m phng ton b khng
gian bi ton kho st. Thng thng chng ta ch chn mt vng quan tm
m phng. Vng m phng c mt bin bao quanh min mi trng.
M phng s cng phi quan tm ti qu trnh vt l trong vng bin.
Trong hu ht cc trng hp, iu kin bin l rt quan trng cho m
phng qu trnh vt l ca bi ton. La chn iu kin bin khc nhau c
th dn n cc kt qu m phng rt khc nhau. t iu kin bin khng
hp l c th lm thay i hoc khng th hin c nh hng vt l ca
h thng m phng, vic t hp l iu kin bin c th trnh c nhng
nh hng ny.
T s quan trng v cn thit ca iu kin bin trong bi ton m
phng s, ngi ta a ra mt nh ngha chung v iu kin bin: iu
kin bin l mt thit lp cc gi tr, thuc tnh hoc iu kin trn cc b
mt ca min tnh ton. N cn thit nh ngha y dng cht cn
m phng.
1.1.2 Mt s iu kin bin ton hc.
Theo bn cht ton hc ca tng trng hp, ngi ta phn loi ra cc
kiu iu kin bin khc nhau:


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- iu kin bin c nh (Fixed boundary condition): th hin nhng
gi tr mi trng khng thay i theo thi gian v qu trnh vt l
bn trong min tnh ton.
- iu kin bin tuyn tnh (Linear boundary condition): Nu nh
nh hng ca qu trnh vt l trong min m phng l ln ti
bin, khi ta phi quan tm ti s tng tc ca nh hng vi
mi trng bn ngoi. Lc bin s thay i tuyn tnh ph hp
vi mi tng tc .
- iu kin bin i xng (Symmetric boundary condition): Trong
mt s m phng, chng ta c th gi nh mt iu kin i xng
trn bin. Vic thit lp iu kin trn bin tng ng vi mt gi
nh vt l l: trn hai mt ca bin, xy ra cng mt qu trnh vt l
ging nhau.
- iu kin bin bin i theo thi gian (Time varying boundary
condition): Mt s trng hp m phng nh m phng d bo thi
tit, trong c cc d liu quan st v s dng chng nh l iu
kin bin. Sau , iu kin bin s thay i theo thi gian. Mc d
phc tp, nhng mt iu kin bin bin i theo thi gian li l cch
rt thc t m phng cc khng gian s.
- iu kin bin c bit (Special boundary condition): Trong mt s
trng hp, chng ta phi gii quyt vi nhng iu kin bin c
bit, m qu trnh vt l bin tun theo nhng rng buc c
bit. Trong trng hp ny, chng ta cn c mt hiu bit tt v bn
cht vt l ca rng buc v thit lp iu kin bin sao cho ph
hp.

Theo l thuyt ton hc, iu kin bin chia lm nhiu loi khc nhau:



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- Dirichlet boundary condition: mang tn nh khoa hc Johann Peter
Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859). iu kin bin ny khi p t
cho phng trnh vi phn ring, n xc nh gi tr mt nghim cn
xc lp bin ca min tnh.
- Trong trng hp mt phng trnh vi phn ring:

trn khong [0,1] Dirichlet boundary conditions c dng


v l cc s cho trc.
- Vi phng trnh o hm ring trn min tnh ton

Nh:

( l k hiu Laplacian), iu kin bin Dirichlet c dng

f l mt hm bit c nh ngha trn bin .
- Neumann boundary condition: mang tn nh khoa hc Carl
Neumann. Khi p t iu kin bin ny trn phng trnh o hm
ring, n xc nh o hm ca mt bin trn bin ca min tnh
ton.
Mt phng trnh o hm ring nh sau:

Trong khong [0,1], iu kin bin Neumann c dng


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1
v
2
l cc s cho trc.
Vi mt phng trnh o hm ring trn min tnh ton

V d:

iu kin bin Nauman c dng:

y, php tuyn vi bin v f l mt hm v hng. o
hm ring php tuyn bn v tri c nh ngha:

l gradient v du chm l tch trong
- Robin boundary condition: mang tn nh vt l Victor Gustave
Robin (1855-1897) ngi c nhiu nghin cu trong lnh vc
nhit ng lc hc. Khi ta p t iu kin bin ny cho mt phng
trnh vi phn ring, n thit lp mt t hp tuyn tnh cc gi tr ca
mt hm v gi tr dn xut ca n trn bin ca min tnh ton.
- Nu l min tnh ton vi 1 phng trnh xc nh v th
hin bin ca n. Robin boundary condition c biu din:
trn


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a v b l cc hng s khc 0 v l hm c nh ngha trn
y, l nghim cha xc nh trn v l o hm
php tuyn bin.
- Thng thng , v c cho bi mt hm xc nh thay v
cho bng hng s.
- Trong khng gian 1 chiu, v d iu kin bin Robin
tr thnh iu kin


- Robin boundary conditions c s dng ph bin cho thut gii
Sturm-Liouville hay c p dng trong khoa hc v k thut.
- Ngoi ra, Robin boundary condition l dng chung ca iu kin
bin cch ly cho phng trnh khuych tn v i lu
convectiondiffusion equations. y, dng i lu v khuych
tn bin c tng bng 0:

y D l hng s khuych tn, u l vn tc i lu bin and c l
m c.
- Mixed boundary condition: iu kin bin hn hp cho mt phng
trnh o hm ring ch ra rng nhng iu kin bin khc nhau th
dng trn nhng phn khc nhau ca bin.
- V d nu l mt nghim ca phng trnh o hm ring trn
ton min vi tng min trn bin v c chia th
nnnh 2 phn, v , p t Dirichlet boundary condition trn
v mt Neumann boundary condition trn ,



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v l hm cho trc nh ngha trn nhng phn ca bin.

Hnh 1.1 iu kin bin hn hp.
- Cauchy boundary condition: mang tn nh ton hc ngi Php.
N p t trn phng trnh o hm ring thit lp c gi tr ca
bin ca phng trnh trn bin ca min tnh ton v o hm php
tuyn trn bin. N tng ng vi s kt hp ca c Dirichlet v
Neumann boundary condition.
v
a l mt bin hoc mt im ban u.
- V d v mt bi ton bin:
- Xt n bi ton tr s ring elip (bi ton bin)

- Vi iu kin bin




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- S dng phng php tch bin, chng ta gi s nghim ca bi
ton c dng

- Thay vo phng trnh


- Chia tt c cho X(x):


- Ri chia tip cho Y(y):

- Gi X(x)/X(x) l mt hm ca x , nh l (Y(y) + Y(y))/Y(y),
nh vy c s tch ly cc hng s

- Chia thnh cc phng trnh vi phn nguyn



- T nhng iu kin bin chng ta c



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- Chng ta mun

- T chng ta c th nh gi iu kin bin v nghim thch
hp.
1.2 ngha v vai tr ca iu kin bin trong m phng s.
Trong k thut, a phn cc dng chy u l ri nn dng ri khng
nhng c vai tr quan trng trong l thuyt m trong thc t cng rt cn
cc cng c c kh nng th hin tc ng ca dng ri ln cc c tnh
trung bnh thi gian ca dng chy (nh vn tc, p sut, ng sut ..). Vic
thc cht bng nhng l thuyt v ton hc v cc phng php s
ngi ta i gii h phng trnh trung bnh thi gian ca dng:
Phng trnh lin tc:

()

Phng trnh Reynolds theo cc trc ta :

()

()

()
[
(

Ngi ta gi thit cc dng m hnh ri cho dng chy gii quyt h
phng trnh phc tp ca dng. M hnh ri bn cht l mt quy trnh tnh
ton nhm mc ch ng kn h phng trnh trung bnh ca dng chy.
Mt trong nhng m hnh ri c s dng rng ri trong tnh ton ng
hc cht lu l m hnh k-.
M hnh k- xy dng da trn gi thit tn ti s tng ng gia tc
ng ca ng sut nht v ng sut Reynolds ln dng. Theo nh lut


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Newton v lc nht, vi lu cht khng nn c th ng sut nht t l vi
bin dng ca phn t lu cht:

)
Gi s dng ri hon ton v tc ng ca nht ca cc phn t l
khng ng k, phng trnh c bn ca ng nng ri k:

()

()
(

Phng trnh chuyn ng ca m hnh k-e chnh tc:

()

() *

*


()

()
*

**
Trong :
ng nng ri
khi lng ring

)- phn tn ng nng ri

- hng s hiu
chnh

nht ri

- bin dng trung bnh ca phn t lu cht

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Li gii chnh xc cho phng trnh *, ** l iu khng th. Do , ta
phi ri rc ha cc phng trnh tch phn v thit lp cc iu kin bin
c th gii h phng trnh i s trn. Chnh v vy vai tr ca iu
kin bin trong cc bi ton m phng s l rt quan trng.
Trong quy trnh thit lp v tnh ton m phng mt bi ton v cht
lu, th qu trnh thit lp iu kin bin gi mt vai tr quan trng v
quyt nh ti tnh ng n ca kt qu tnh ton m phng.
- iu kin bin ch ra chuyn ng ca dng chy.
- Thit lp cc yu t v dng bn trong min tnh ton: khi lng,
cc i lng v nng lng
- Vng cht lng, cht rn c thay th bng cc vng phn t (cell
zones).
- Thuc tnh ca vt liu, ca mi trng c n nh vo cc vng
phn t (cell zones).
- Bin v b mt bn trong c thay th bng cc vng mt (face
zones).
1.3 Cc dng iu kin bin trong ANSYS CFX.
Trong CFX, khi nim iu kin bin dng t cc tnh cht hoc
iu kin cho cc mt ca min tnh ton, nh ngha y m hnh.
La chn kiu iu kin bin no cho bin ph thuc vo c tnh ca mt
bin .
- Bin cht lng (fluid boundary).
- Bin cht rn (solid boundary).
- Fluid-fluid interface.
- Fluid-solid interface.
- Solid-solid interface.


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Hnh 1.2 iu kin bin trong m hnh a pha.
Bin cht lng (Fluid boundary) l mt ngoi ca min tnh ton cht
lng v c cung cp nhng kiu iu kin bin sau:
- Inlet - cht lng i vo min tnh ton.
- Outlet cht lng i ra min tnh ton.
- Opening cht lng ng thi c vo hoc ra min tnh ton. iu
kin ny khng c dng vi min tnh ton a pha.
- Wall bin gii hn dng chy.
- Symmetry bin nh ngha mt i xng ca m hnh hnh hc v
v m hnh vt l ca dng.

Hnh 1.3 Cc iu kin bin c bn nh ngha mt dng chy
1.3.1 Kiu bin INLET.
Bin Inlet c dng khi dng chy i vo min tnh ton chim u th.
Tuy nhin bin inlet cng cho php dng chy i ra trong trng hp ta la


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chn thit lp thnh phn vn tc cho dng vo. y l mt im rt quan
trng ca qu trnh thit lp iu kin bin vi bn cht vt l ca dng
chy. Ci tn ca kiu bin INLET khng c ngha l dng bin ch i
vo min tnh ton.

Velocity specified condition
Vi vic thit lp u vo INLET cc
thnh phn vn tc ca dng chy i vo
min tnh ton. Qu trnh tnh ton ca
phn mm cho php ti dng c th i
ra ngoi min tnh ton.

Pressure and mass flow condition
Khi thit lp u vo INLET vi cc
gi tr ca p sut v lu lng dng chy
th trong qu trnh tnh ton ca phn
mm khng cho php ti bin dng i
ra ngoi min tnh ton bng cch dng
ln mt tng o.
Trong thit lp bin INLET ta c 3 ty chn:
- I nlet (Subsonic): dng cho dng cht chuyn ng vi vn tc c
M<1. y cc i lng c hng v v hng ca dng chy
c thit lp hoc tnh ton thng qua cc lin h ton hc xc nh
cho iu kin bin ny.
- I nlet (supersonic): dng cho dng cht c tc siu m M>1. Ch
c th dng nu m hnh Nng lng tng c dng v cht lng l
kh l tng, cht lng thc hoc general fluid c trng lng ring
l hm ca p sut. Inlet supersonic phi xc nh tt c cc i
lng gm p sut, nhit , vn tc.


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- I nlet (Mixed Subsonic-Supersonic): cho php c dng siu m v
dng di m trong cng mt iu kin u vo. S pha trn gia 2
ch dng ny da vo thnh phn vn tc, p sut tng v nhit
tnh hoc p sut tnh v nhit tnh do ngi dng xc nh.
Trong c 2 trng hp solver s nh gi s Mach cc b t gi tr
ngi dng. u vo hn hp ch c th dng nu dng m hnh
Nng lng tng v cht lng l nn c.
i vi m hnh ri, cc i lng ri ti inlet c thit lp trc tip
hoc tnh ton bng cc cng thc lin h ton hc thng qua

. Dng
Inlet s c i lu v khuch tn tuy nhin khuych tn ca dng thng
khng ng kt so vi i lu nn quy v = 0.

Nng lng ri:

phn tn ri:

Trao i nhit (Heat transfer) ta c th thit lp cc gi tr cho p sut
tnh v nhit tng.

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1.3.2 Kiu bin OUTLET.
Bin Outlet c dng khi dng chy i ra min tnh ton chim u th.
Tuy nhin cng ging nh bin inlet, bin outlet cng cho php dng chy
i vo trong trng hp ta la chn thit lp thnh phn vn tc cho dng
vo.

Velocity specified condition
Vi vic thit lp u ra Outlet
cc thnh phn vn tc ca dng
chy i ra min tnh ton. Qu trnh
tnh ton ca phn mm cho php ti
dng c th i vo min tnh
ton.

Pressure and mass flow
condition
Khi thit lp u ra Outlet vi
cc gi tr ca p sut v lu lng
dng chy th trong qu trnh tnh
ton ca phn mm khng cho php
ti bin dng i vo ngoi min
tnh ton bng cch dng ln mt
tng o.
Thng thng p sut tnh tng i c xc nh trn ton b bin
outlet. Vic xc nh p sut tnh ca u ra dng chy l d dng v hp l
hn c.

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1.3.3 Kiu bin OPENING.
c dng khi m thng tin v dng chy vo hay chy ra min tnh
ton l khng c. Vi iu kin bin ny s cho php cht lng i qua bin
theo c 2 hng. Tc l ton b cht lng s i vo min tnh ton qua bin
opening, hoc tt c s chy ra qua opening, hoc hn hp 2 kh nng cng
xy ra.
Ch dng iu kin bin ny cho dng di m. Qu trnh thit lp cc
gi tr ca cc i lng dng chy ca bin opening hon ton ging vi
thit lp bin Inlet hoc Outlet. Vi thit lp gi tr thnh phn vn tc c
th thit lp vi cc thnh phn vn tc theo ta Descartes hoc ta
tr:

Vi thit lp p
sut:

Vi h s tn
tht:

Vi dng chy
ngoi:

Vi dng chy
trong:

1.3.4 Kiu bin WALL.
- Tng l bin rn (khng thm nc) i vi dng chy.
- Ch cho php nhit truyn qua.
- iu kin bin tng thng l mc nh trong ANSYS CFX Pre.
- ng x ca tng i vi dng chy tng v dng chy ri l nh
nhau, ngoi tr iu kin No-slip.
Phn loi tng:


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- Exterior Wall: l loi iu kin bin mc nh cho tt c cc b mt
khi m chng khng c n nh iu kin bin g.
- Thin Surface: thng dng m hnh ha iu kin bin tng 2D
trong min cht lng. Thin Surface c to bi phn min 3D xc
nh v dng mt ngoi ca chng nh v tr cho Thin Surface.
Thin Surface c ch i vi m hnh m dy c b qua, v d
nh van dn hng trong ng. S truyn dn qua Thin Surface l
khng c chp nhn trong CFX.
nh hng ca tng ln dng chy:
- No Slip: y l la chn chung nht ca iu kin bin tng. Cht
lng gn tng c tha nhn l c vn tc ca tng (thng
mc nh l khng). Khi tng c nh vn tc cht lng bin
tng s bng khng. Khi iu kin bin cho vn tc l:

. Khi m tng chuyn ng th vn tc cht lng gn tng c vn

tc nh tng v chn theo mt trong 3 la chn:
Ta
Descartes

Ta tr

Tng quay
(Rotating
wall)
Khi quay, tng tnh :

Khi tnh, tng quay:

- Free Slip: ng sut trt tng bng khng, vn tc cht lng gn
tng theo phng song song th khng b cn tr bi ma st vi
tng, cn thnh phn vn tc thng ng, ng sut trt bng
khng.

. Trong trng hp nhiu pha nu mt

cht lng chn iu kin Free Slip th cc cht lng cn li chn bt
c iu kin nh hng no ca tng.


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1.3.5 Kiu bin SYMMETRY.
Vi mc ch gim thiu khi lng tnh ton v ln ca m hnh,
dng iu kin bin i xng Symmetry cho php ngi s dng c th m
phng mt phn ca m hnh thc nu nh m hnh c nhng b mt
i xng v c hnh hc v vt l.
Kiu bin i xng ch s
dng cho nhng m hnh va
i xng v hnh hc va i
xng v trng dng tc l
m hnh vt l ca bi ton.

Vic xc nh ng tnh
i xng ca trng dng v
m hnh vt l l rt phc tp
v i hi hiu k bn cht
vt l ca m hnh bi ton.



Hnh 1.4 l v d v m hnh khng s dng c iu kin bin
Symmetry do khng i xng v trng dng bn trong min tnh ton.

Hnh 1.4 M hnh khng thit lp iu kin bin i xng


25

1.4 M phng p dng iu kin bin cho mt bi ton c th.
Di y l mt bi ton m phng CFD s dng phn mm ANSYS
CFX. Bi ton l mt phn ni dung ca mt n tt nghip ca sinh vin
i hc Bch Khoa H Ni.
ti ca n l m phng kh ng trng dng bao quanh tn la
Harpoon bay ch bay hnh trnh vi s Mach = 0.85 ( v = 289.17 m/s
). M hnh s 3D xy dng v ng dng phn mm tnh ton m phng
ng hc dng chy CFX.
c c kt qu chnh xc v hp l th cn la chn ng cc iu
kin bin m phng, vi l do m trong phn u ca n xy
dng v thit lp m phng th nghim iu kin bin vi m hnh 2D n
gin.
1.4.1 Xy dng m hnh th nghim iu kin bin trong CFX.
M hnh th nghim 2D, m phng trng khng kh bao quanh mt
vt dng kh ng ging tn la vi s Mach = 0.85 gc tn 7
0
. Kch
thc m hnh nh hnh v:

Hnh 1.5 Kch thc chi tit m hnh th nghim 2D


26

1.4.2 M t bi ton.
Mt vin n bay vi vn tc tng ng s Mach = 0.85 trong mi
trng khng kh bnh thng gc tn 7
0
. iu kin bin cho u vo
inlet v u ra outlet ca dng kh c thit lp vi gi tr vn tc xc
nh u vo inlet v gi tr p sut tnh u ra outlet. Vn cn th
nghim l nh hng ca iu kin bin 2 bn ti dng kh bn trong min
tnh ton.
Vin n bay trong khng kh vi vn tc M = 0.85 tng ng vi mt
vin n ng yn trong mi trng dng kh chuyn ng vi vn tc M =
0.85.
Gc tn ca vin n chuyn ng c 2 cch th hin theo phng nm
ngang ca min tnh ton.




27

1.4.3 Cc trng hp thit lp iu kin bin.

- Inlet ( V
x
= 287 m/s ; V
y
= 35.2 m/s ); Oulet (relative pressure = 0); B
= wall no-slip ( trng hp ny m hnh v vi vin n nm ngang
vi trc Ox, U = 287
2
+ 35.2
2
= 289.17 m/s )
- Inlet ( V
x
= 289.17 m/s ; V
y
= 0 ); Oulet (relative pressure = 0); B =
wall free-slip. ( trng hp ny m hnh v vi vin n c gc
nghing so vi trc Ox l 7
0
).
- Inlet ( V
x
= 287 m/s ; V
y
= 35.2 m/s ); Oulet (relative pressure = 0); B
= opening ( V
x
= 287 m/s ; V
y
= 35.2 m/s ) ( trng hp ny m hnh
v vi vin n nm ngang vi trc Ox, U = 287
2
+ 35.2
2
= 289.17
m/s ).
M hnh li ca bi ton s dng phn mm chia li Gambit vi kiu
khng cu trc (chia t do). Li mn min tnh ton bao quanh vin n:


28


1.4.4 Kt qu m phng bi ton:

Kt qu ca trng hp 1


29



Kt qu trng hp 2


30



Kt qu trng hp 3
1.4.5 Phn tch nh hng ca iu kin bin.
Trong kt qu ca trng hp (1), l trng hp thit lp iu kin bin
2 bn l tng khng trt (wall no-slip). Ta thy r nh hng ca tng
ti hng ca dng khng kh.



31

Vn tc ca dng pha trn v pha di ca vin n gn nh i xng.
Tc l phng ca dng khng kh bao quanh vin n l phng song
song vi trc ca vin n. iu ny khng tha mn vi iu kin m
phng vin n vi gc tn 7
0
vi dng khng kh.

T kt qu ca trng hp (2), l trng hp ta xy dng m hnh vi
gc nghing c nh ca vin n so vi phng ngang Ox bng gc tn
ca bi ton l 7
0
. Trong trng hp ny dng khng kh i vo c phng
song song vi bin B l wall free-slip.




32

Trng hp ny ta c th thy r s tng ng ca m hnh thit lp vi
iu kin ca bi ton. Kt qu m phng cng cho thy mt cch nh tnh
hin tng vt l ca trng vn tc v p sut bao quanh vin n.

Vic xy dng m hnh hnh hc p ng nhiu nht yu cu ca bi
ton cho ta phng n thit lp iu kin bin n gin v hp l. B c
kiu bin l Wall free-slip cho ta d dng tin hnh kim tra thc nghim
cho kt qu bi ton vi ng kh ng ca phng th nghim.
T kt qu ca trng hp (3), l trng hp t iu kin bin B l
Opening. Theo l thuyt, Opening l iu kin bin cho trng hp m
c th c dng i vo hoc i ra.



33

T kt qu m phng, ta c th thy phng ca dng khng kh bao
quanh vin n chch vi phng ngang (phng ca trc vin n) mt
gc v gn nht vi kt qu ca trng hp 2. ng thi trng vn tc v
p sut ca dng khng kh bao quanh vin n rt ging vi trng hp
(2). T c th kt lun iu kin bin opening khng tc ng ti
phng ca dng thit lp bin INLET.
C th gii thch s tng ng nh sau:

Bin opening pha trn khi ny tr thnh mt bin outlet vi vn tc xc
nh chnh bng vn tc ca phn t dng khng kh.
Bin opening pha di tr thnh mt bin inlet ging nh bin INLET
ca bi ton vi gi tr vn tc v phng xc nh.






34

Phn 2: Nghin cu lm mt thnh bung chy ng c hng
khng trong mi trng phn mm ANSYS CFX.


2.1 L thuyt truyn nhit.
nghin cu bi ton trao i nhit lm mt ca dng cht lng bao
quanh thnh bung t, ta cn nm c khi nim trao i nhit l g, cc
cch trao i nhit gia cc mi cht t i n nh gi qu trnh trao
i nhit c th trong trng hp nghin cu.
2.1.1 Khi nim v trao i nhit.
Nhit lng l lng nng lng trao i gia cc phn t thuc hai vt
c nhit khc nhau, tc c ng nng trung bnh phn t khc nhau.
Hin tng trao i nhit ch xy ra gia hai im c nhit khc nhau,
tc c chnh nhit t khc khng> Gia hai vt cn bng nhit, c t
= 0, nhit lng trao i lun bng khng.
Trong t nhin, nhit lng ch truyn theo hng t im c nhit
cao n im c nhit thp. Do , trao i nhit l mt qu trnh khng
thun nghch.
2.1.2 Cc phng thc trao i nhit.
Qu trnh trao i nhit c th c thc hin bng ba phng thc c
bn sau y, c phn bit theo phng thc truyn ng nng gia cc
phn t thuc hai vt.
- Dn nhit (a)
- To nhit hay trao i nhit i lu (b)
- Trao i nhit bc x (c)


35


Hnh 2.1 Ba phng thc trao i nhit (a): dn nhit; (b): i lu; (c): bc x
2.1.2.1 Dn nhit.
Dn nhit l hin tng cc phn t vt 1 va chm (trc tip hoc thng
qua cc in t trong vt) vo cc phn t vt 2 truyn mt phn ng
nng. Dn nhit xy ra khi c s chnh lch nhit gia cc phn ca mt
vt hoc gia hai vt tip xc nhau. Dn nhit thun ty xy ra trong h
gm cc vt rn c s tip xc trc tip.
Da vo thuyt ng hc phn t, Fourier chng minh nh lut c
bn ca dn nhit: Vct dng nhit t l thun vi vector gradient nhit
. Biu thc ca nh lut c dng vector l:

Dng v hng l:

Theo nh lut ny, nhit lng Q c dn qua in tch F ca mt
ng nhit trong 1 giy c tnh theo cng thc:

Khi grad khng i trn b mt F, cng thc c dng:


36

)
nh lut Fourier l nh lut c bn tnh lng nhit trao i bng
phng thc dn nhit.
H s ca nh lut Fourier |

|, W/mK c gi l h s dn
nhit. H s ny c trng cho kh nng dn nhit ca vt. Gi tr ca
ph thuc vo bn cht v kt cu ca vt liu, vo m v nhit , c
xc nh bng thc nghim vi tng vt liu v cho sn theo quan h vi
nhit ti bng cc thng s vt l ca vt liu.
Phng trnh vi phn dn nhit l phng trnh cn bng nhit cho mt
phn t bt k nm hon ton bn trong vt dn nhit. thit lp phng
trnh ta xt cn bng nhit cho phn t dV bn trong vt dn, c khi
lng ring , nhit dung ring

, h s dn nhit , dng nhit phn t l

, cng sut pht nhit

.

Hnh 2.2 Cn bng nhit cho dV trong V
Theo nh lut bo ton nng lng, ta c:
[ ]
[ ( )]
[ ]


37

Tc l:

Hay:

Theo nh lut Fourier

, khi ta c:
(

) (

)
Trong
(

Vi:

( )

( )

Phng trnh vi phn dn nhit l phng trnh kt hp hai nh lut ni
trn, c dng:

)
Vi

c gi l h s khuych tn nhit, c trng cho

mc tiu tn nhit trong vt.
2.1.2.2 Ta nhit (hay trao i nhit i lu).
Ta nhit l hin tng cc phn t trn b mt vt rn v chm vo cc
phn t chuyn ng c hng ca mt cht lng tip xc vi n trao
i ng nng. Ta nhit xy ra ti vng cht lng hoc kh tip xc vi
mt vt rn, l s kt hp gia dn nhit v i lu trong lp cht lng gn
b mt tip xc. Chuyn ng c hng (i lu) ca cht lng c th c


38

sinh ra mt cch t nhin, khi n chu tc ng ca trng lc v chnh
nhit , hoc do cc lc cng bc khc, khi ta dng bm, qut...
Ty theo nguyn nhn gy chuyn ng cht lng, ta nhit c phn
ra 2 loi:
- Theo nhit t nhin l hin tng dn nhit vo cht lng chuyn
ng t nhin, lun xy ra trong trng trng lc khi nhit cht
lng khc nhit b mt.
- Ta nhit cng bc l hin tng dn nhit vo cht lng chuyn
ng cng bc do tc dng ca bm, qut hoc my nn.
Thc nghim cho hay lng nhit Q trao i bng i lu gia mt F c
nhit

vi cht lng c nhit

lun t l vi F v

.
Do , nhit lng Q c tnh theo mt cng thc quy c, c gi l
cng thc Newton, c dng sau:
[] [

]
H s trong cng thc c gi l h s ta nhit. H s ny c
trng cho cng ta nhit, bng nhit lng truyn t

b mt n
cht lng c nhit khc nhit b mt 1 . Gi tr ca c coi l
n s chnh ca bi ton ta nhit, ph thuc vo cc thng s khc ca mi
trng cht lng v b mt, c xc nh bng cc cng thc thc
nghim.
2.1.2.3 Trao i nhit bc x.
Trao i nhit bc x l hin tng trao i nhit gia vt pht bc x
v vt hp th bc x thng qua mi trng truyn sng in t.
Mi vt mi nhit lun pht ra cc lng t nng lng v truyn
i trong khng gian di dng sng in t, c bc sng t 0 n v
cng. Theo di ca tng bc sng t nh n ln, sng in t c


39

chia ra cc khong mg vi cc tia v tr, tia gama, tia Rnghen hay tia
X, tia t ngoi, tia nh sng, tia hng ngoi v cc tia sng v tuyn.

Hnh 2.3 Tia nhit trong thang o sng in t.
Thc nghim cho thy, ch cc tia nh sng v hn ngoi mi mang
nng lng

ln vt c th hp th v bin thnh ni nng mt

cch ng k, c gi l tia nhit, c bc sng ( )

Mi trng thun li cho trao i nhit i lu gia 2 vt l chn khng
hoc kh long, t hp th bc x. Khc vi dn nhit v trao i nhit i
lu, trao i nhit bc x c cc c im ring l:
- Lun c s chuyn ha nng lng: t ni nng thnh nng lng
in t khi bc x v ngc li khi hp th. Khng cn s tip xc
trc tip hoc gin tip qua mi trng cht trung gian, ch cn mi
trng truyn sng in t, tt nht l chn khng.
- C th thc hin trn khong cch ln, c khong cch gia cc
thin th trong khong khng v tr.
- Cng trao i nhit bc x ph thuc rt mnh vo nhit
tuyt i ca vt pht bc x.


40

Cc nh lut c bn ca bc x:
- nh lut Planck: Cng bc x n sc ca vt en tuyt i

ph thuc vo bc sng v nhit theo quan h:

)


- nh lut Stefan Boltzmann: Cng bc x ton phn

ca
vt en tuyt i t l vi nhit tuyt i m 4:

- nh lut Kirrchoff: Ti cng bc sng nhit T, t s gia
cng bc x n sc

v h s hp th n sc

ca mi vt
bng cng bc x n sc

ca vt en tuyt i

.
Ti cng mt nhit T, t s gia cng bc x ton phn E v
h s hp th ton phn A ca mi vt bng cng bc x ton
phn

ca vt en tuyt i

.
Qu trnh trao i nhit thc t c th bao gm 2 hoc c 3 phng thc
ni trn, c gi l qu trnh trao i nhit phc hp. V d, b mt vt
rn c th trao i nhit vi cht kh tip xc n theo phng thc to nhit
v trao i nhit bc x.
Ngun nhit
Ngun nhit l tng lng nhit sinh ra bi phn ng hydrat ho ca xi
mng, tnh ton c lng nhit ny mt cch chnh xc l iu v
cng kh khn. Qu trnh sinh nhit thng ko di v ph thuc rt nhiu
yu t. Mt cch gn ng, ngun nhit do mt n v th tch sinh ra trong
mt n v thi gian c tnh nh sau:
/ 24
1
24

=
t
g CK e
o
o

trong : K Nhit ln nht c th t ti (
o
C)


41

o - h s tc phn ng
t thi gian (ngy).
2.1.3 Cc cng thc truyn nhit.
Trc khi i vo m phng tnh ton bi ton kim bn kt cu, nghin
cu tm hiu v l thuyt c bn v tnh ton kt cu vt liu vi cc cng
thc l thuyt v qu trnh truyn nhit, cng thc phn t hu hn v quan
h gia ng sut v nhit .
Phng trnh vi phn ch o ca qu trnh truyn nhit dng tng
qut nh sau:
| | c c c c c c c | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
c c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
x y z
T T T T
k k k g C
x x z y z z t

Trong :
g - Nhit sinh ra ca mt n v th tch [W/m
3
]
dT gia tng nhit trong khong thi gian dt [
o
C]

- Khi lng ring ca vt liu [kg/m
3
]
C nhit dung ring ca vt liu [cal/g
o
C]
kx,ky,kz : h s dn nhit theo mi hng x,y,z [cal/s cm
o
C]
Cng thc phn t hu hn cho qu trnh truyn nhit
Theo phng php PTHH, nhit ti mt v tr c xp x nh sau:
| |{ }
1
( , , , ) ( , , ) ( )
=
~ = =

n
i i
i
T x y z t T N x y z T t N T

p dng tiu chun Galekin, cho phng trnh (5) v thc hin cc php
bin i ta c:


42

{ } [ ] { }
( | | c c c c c c | | | |
+ + +
( | | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
} }
i x y z i
V S
T T T
N k k k dV T h N N T dS
x x z y z z

{ }
[ ] 0

+ + =
} } } }
i i i i
S S V V
d T
hNT dS qN dS GN gV C N N dV
dT

Vit dng thu gn:
{ }
{ } [ ] [ ] { } + =
d T
C K T f
dt

Trong :
[ ] [ ] =
}
i
V
C C N N dV

| | [ ]
( | | c c c c c c | | | |
= + + +
( | | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
} }
i x y z i
V S
T T T
K N k k k dV h N N dS
x x y y z z

{ }

= +
} } }
i i i
S S V
f hNT dS qN dS GN gV

Quan h gia trng ng sut v nhit
T kt qu li gii ca phng trnh (8), ta c c nhit ti cc
im nt ti tng thi im. Nu nhit ca cc nt c s chnh lch (hay
c gradient nhit) th n s gy ra cc bin dng nhit, v ng sut nhit s
c tnh thng qua cc bin dng ny:
{ } | |{ } | |{ } = = A
th th
D D T o c

trong : [o
th
] vector ng sut nhit ca phn t
[D] ma trn vt liu (cc tnh cht thay i theo thi
gian)

{ }
th
c
- vector bin dng do nhit
- h s dn n nhit
{AT} vector gradient nhit
2.2 Gii thiu v ng c Hng Khng.
Do gii hn nghin cu nn ch gii thiu y hai loi ng c Hng
Khng ph bin nht.


43

2.2.1 ng c phn lc mt lung Turbojet
C th ni y l loi ng c phn lc c nht trong loi ng c phn
lc (jet engine). c pht trin c lp bi hai k s Frank Whittle ngi
Anh v Hans von Ohain ngi c vo cui nhng nm 1930. Tuy nhin
Whittle l ngi a ra bn xut u tin v do nm gi bn quyn.
Turbojet bao gm mt ng ht kh (air inlet), mt my nn (air
compressor), mt bung chy (combustion chamber), mt tuabin kh (gas
turbine) v mt ng y (nozzle). Khng kh qua ng ht v my nn c
tng p i vo bung chy ha trn vi nhin liu v gy chy, kh gin n
s qua tuabin ri qua ng y lm tng tc dng kh to ra lc y.
Tuy nhin ng c turbojet kh km hiu sut v rt n. Do trong
nghnh hng khng v l do kinh t nn ngi ta dng ng c turbofan
thay th. Mc d vy ng c turbojet vn c dng ph bin cho cc loi
tn la hnh trnh tm trung, do c tc kh x cao, din tch b mt nh
v kh n gin.
Mt s loi tn la i hm c s dng ng c hnh trnh turbojet:
Harpoon (USA), NSM (Nauy), Sea Eagle (Anh), RBS15 (Thy in), SS-
N-25 Switchblade (Nga), C-802 Ying-Ji (Trung Quc).

Hnh 2.4 S tng qut ng c Turbojet.



44

2.2.2 ng c phn lc hai lung Turbofan
Loi ng c ny l s kt hp ca hai loi ng c turbojet v
turboprop, cnh qut y (propeller) ca turboprop c a vo trong
ng c v c gi l Fan. Tc dng ca cnh qut l lm tng lu lng
kh y ng thi gim vn tc kh pht ra i vi mt lc y cho. Kt
qu thc t ca vic tng lu lng v gim vn tc phn lc l gim hao
ph ng nng sinh ra v tng hiu sut y.
Kh i qua turbofan c chia thnh hai ng, mt ng th cp
c gi l dng qut fan flow v dng cn li l dng s cp (core
flow). T s lu lng hai dng ny l t s phn lung (Bypass ratio). T s
cng ln th dng qua qut c lu lng cng ln. Qut c dn ng bi
trc N1 gn vi tuabin thp p vi s vng quay rt ln do m khong
80% lc y ca ng c l do qut to ra.
Turbofan c hiu sut lc y cao v sut tiu hao nhin liu thp do
c dng nhiu trong hng khng. Tuy nhin n cu to ca n li phc
tp hn so vi turbojet, th tch ln hn v kh ch to vi t l kch thc
nh.
Tn la hnh trnh Tomahawk (M) l dng loi ng c ny.


45


Hnh 2.5 S tng qut ng c Turbofan.
2.3 Nguyn tc lm mt thnh bung t ng c.
Cu to chung ca bung chy bao gm cc b phn chnh:

Hnh 2.6 Cc thnh phn chnh trong cu to bung chy.


46

Dng khng kh sau tng my nn ly tm i vo bung chy chia thnh
2 thnh phn:
- Dng chnh i vo ha trn vi nhin liu thc hin qu trnh
chy sinh nhit.
- Dng bao quanh thnh bung t: dng trung gian, dng pha long
v dng lm mt.

Hnh 2.7 Phn b cc dng kh bn trong bung chy.
Qu trnh chy din ra bn trong thnh bung t sinh ra nhit bn
trong bung t rt ln ln ti

i hi thit k ca thnh bung t

phi lm vic tt iu kin nhit cao, chu c cc bin i ti nhit
tun hon chu k. Chnh v vy, thnh bung t phi lm bng vt liu c
bn cao, chu nhit, chu xy ha cao nh hp kim c bn ca Niken l
Hastelloy X v ng thi c lm mt lin tc.
Khng kh lm mt c dng bo v thnh bung t chng li ti
nhit i lu v bc x sinh ra trong sut qu trnh chy. Hnh nh phn b
dng kh trong bung chy cho thy dng khng kh lm mt bao quanh c
mt trong v mt ngoi ca thnh bung t. C nhiu dng nh c trch
qua cc l trn thnh bung t i vo bn trong bung t to thnh mt
lp khng kh mng ngn cch tip xc trc tip ca hn hp chy nng
vi b mt thnh bung t. Dng khng kh lm mt bn mt ngoi thc


47

hin trao i nhit vi thnh bung t m bo cho vt liu kt cu
lun lm vic trong khong nhit cho php.

Hnh 2.8 Cc dng thnh bung t vi dng lm mt bn trong.
i vi qu trnh lm mt trong bung chy ng c, ngi ta a ra
mt thng s nh gi hiu qu ca qu trnh lm mt . Thng s
l hiu sut lm mt c tnh thng qua cng thc:

:
-

l nhit trung bnh ca hn hp kh chy.

-

l nhit trung bnh ca vt liu thnh bung t.

-

l nhit trung bnh ca khng kh lm mt.

2.4 Vt liu chu nhit hp kim Hastelloy X.
Hastelloy X l hp kim c bit thng c s dng trong cc ng
dng c nhit cao nh l t, bung chy bi v hp kim ny chng
c vi s xy ha, thay i nhit t ngt v trong cc mi trng trung
tnh. Nhng l t c lm t hp kim ny thng lm vic trong iu


48

kin tt sau 8700 gi hot ng nhit trn 2000K. Hp kim ny cng
thng c s dng cho ng x ng c phn lc, bung chy hoc
nhng b phn chu nhit khc ca my bay.
Hastelloy X l mt hp kim ca Nikel m c bn rt cao v kh nng
chng xy ha nhit ln ti 2200K. Hp kim ny cng c bit n
vi kh nng chng chu n mn do ng sut ph hy sinh ra trong cc ng
dng ca ha du. Ngoi ra, hp kim ny cn c c im vt tri v to
hnh v cng ngh hn.
2.4.1 Thnh phn
Hp kim Hastelloy X l hp kim c bn ca Nikel vi cc nguyn t vi
lng khc vi thnh phn cc cht:
Bng 1.1 Thnh phn ha hc hp kim Hastelloy X
Nguyn t Min Max
Molybdenum 8.00 10.0
Chromium 20.5 23.0
Iron 17.0 20.0
Tungsten 0.20 1.00
Cobalt 0.50 2.50
Carbon 0.05 0.015
Silicon -- 1.00
Manganese -- 1.00
Boron -- 0.01
Phosphorus -- 0.04


49

Sulfur -- 0.03
Nickel Cn li
2.4.2 Cc thng s vt l c trng ca hp kim Hastelloy X.
Cc thng s vt l ca hp kim Hastelloy X c ly theo nhng s
liu chnh xc t trang Web ca nh cung cp chnh thc hp kim ny.
y a ra cc thng s ca hp kim HX di dng so snh vi cc thng
s ca thp kt cu l loi vt liu ph bin thy c nhng thng s
vt tri v kh nng chu nhit ca vt liu..
Bng 1.2 Thng s vt l c trng ca hp kim Hastelloy X
Kt cu

Hastelloy X Thp kt cu
Modul n hi 3.45e+005 MPa 2e+005 Mpa
H s Poatxng 0.32 0.3
T trng 8.23e-006 kg/mm 7.5e-006 kg/mm
H s dn n nhit 1.33e-005 1/C 1.2e-005 1/C
Gii hn chyko 355. MPa 250. Mpa
Gii hn chy nn 355. MPa 250. Mpa
Gii hn bn ko 793. MPa 460. Mpa
Nhit
dn nhit 9.5e-003 W/mm C 6.05e-002 W/mm C
Nhit dung ring 486. J/kg C 434. J/kg C




50

2.5 M phng dng lm mt thnh bung t ng c hng khng
Sau khi tm hiu v cu to cng nh nguyn tc lm mt trong bung
chy ca ng c Hng Khng. Tip theo s dng cng c phn mm m
phng dng chy ANSYS CFX m phng dng chy v qu trnh trao
i nhit lm mt.
2.5.1 Gii hn bi ton m phng.
Nh trnh by phn trn v nguyn tc lm mt trong bung chy,
thnh bung t c lm mt bi hai dng tip xc bao c 2 b mt bn
trong v bn ngoi ca thnh bung t. Kt cu ca thnh bung t cng
ht sc phc tp vi nhiu vi phun v l nh phn b trn cc b mt khc
nhau.
Nhng trong gii hn nghin cu ban u, y ny ch tp trung vo
qu trnh trao i nhit lm mt ca dng bn ngoi tip xc vi b mt
ngoi ca thnh bung t. Chnh v vy c nhng gi thit cho bi ton
m phng nh sau:
- Qu trnh lm mt ch vi dng bao ngoi b mt thnh bung t
vi cc thng s u vo tham kho.
- Kt cu thnh bung t n gin khng c l phun v cc l nh
phn b trn b mt thnh bung t.
Khng m phng qu trnh hn hp khng kh chy tc dng ti nhit
ln b mt trong ca thnh bung t. M thay vo bng mt ngun
nhit p t vo thnh bung t vi cng sut tng ng vi qu trnh
chy ca hn hp kh.
2.5.2 M t bi ton.
Bi ton c t ra trong ni dung ny l bi ton trao i nhit lm
mt v bi ton kt cu trong m hnh n gin bung chy ca ng c


51

Teledyne J402. Kt qu ca bi ton trao i nhit tr thnh ti nhit u
vo cho bi ton kt cu kim bn thnh bung t.

Hnh 2.9 M hnh y bung chy ng c Teledyne
Cc thng s v kch thc v hnh dng bung chy c xy dng
tng i da trn nhng kch thc c bn ca bung chy ca ng c
Teledyne J402. Thng s hot ng ca bung chy nh vn tc nhit
dng lm mt, nhit bn trong bung t tham kho nhng s liu tnh
ton chu trnh nhit ca ng c. Vt liu ch to thnh bung t la chn
vt liu l hp kim Hastelloy X. Phn mm s dng m phng tnh ton l
ANSYS CFX.
2.5.3 Thit lp bi ton.
2.5.3.1 M hnh tnh ton.
i tng m phng ca bi ton nhit l bung chy ng c c hnh
dng tr trn i xng. gim thiu khi lng tnh ton, trong ny ch
kho st m hnh 1/16 ca m hnh thc t vi cc thit lp cho cc mt
tun hon m bo c tnh ng n trong m phng.


52


Hnh 2.10 M hnh hnh hc 1/16 bung chy ng c Teledyne.
M hnh hnh hc 1/16 ca bung chy c xy dng bng phn mm
ha DesignModeler vi cc kch thc thc t ca bung chy. Sau khi
xy dng xong m hnh hnh hc. S dng cng c chia li trc tip trong
gi ANSYS WORKBENCH chia li cho m hnh vi 2 min tnh ton
(domain) l vng cht lng l cht lng lm mt v vng cht rn l thnh
bung t.

Hnh 2.11 M hnh li cho bi ton CFD.
M hnh li c chia vi cc ch sau:
- Li chia mn cc vng bin INLET, OUTLET, WALL
- Thnh mng ca vng rn c chia nh thnh 3 4 lp li v
y s c hin tng trao i nhit theo tng lp vt liu.


53

Bng 1.3 Thng s li ca bi ton m phng lm mt
Thng s li ca m hnh:
Nt Phn t
1764939 442521

2.5.3.2 Thit lp v cc trng hp m phng
M hnh li c a vo phn mm m phng dng chy ANSYS
CFX vi cc nh ngha v cc thng s nh sau:

Hnh 2.12 Miu t cc thng s u vo cho bi ton CFD
Trong bi ton m phng lm mt ny, khng xt ti qu trnh chy ca
hn hp khng kh sinh ra nhit tc dng ti thnh bung t. Thay vo
, ta coi thnh bung t l mt khi rn vi mt ngun nhit bn trong Q
c thit lp trong phn CFX-Pre l mt subdomain v nhit, ngun nhit
ny s sinh ra t bn trong ca thnh bung t mt nhit lng tng ng
vi nhit cao nht bn trong bung t l

. Cng sut ngun

nhit c tnh ton theo cng thc nu, ta c c gi tr ngun nhit
thit lp: q = 3e+06 [Wm^-3].
iu kin bin thit lp cho m hnh:


54


Hnh 2.13 Thit lp cc iu kin bin cho m hnh
y ch tp trung vo m phng 2 trng hp:
- Trng hp dng lm mt sun vi vn tc dng v nhit n
nh.
- Trng hp dng lm mt ha trn, m phng dng lm mt chnh
c s ha trn ca nhng dng bn khc chiu ca dng chy.


Hnh 2.14 Hai trng hp m phng (1): dng lm mt sun; (2): dng lm mt c
ha trn



55

2.6 Phn tch v nh gi kt qu m phng
Sau khi gii cc trng hp ca bi ton m phng trao i nhit lm
mt, ta c kt qu v trng nhit cng nh cc kt qu trung bnh v
nhit ti cc min m phng trong 2 trng hp. T c th phn tch
v so snh hiu qu lm mt ca mi trng hp.



Hnh 2.15 Phn b ng dng streamline trong 2 trng hp m phng
Kt qu trong 2 trng hp di dng ng dng cho ta thy r s
khc bit gia dng lm mt sun u v dng lm mt c ha trn. i
vi dng lm mt sun u, qu trnh trao i nhit din ra theo tng lp
cht lng. Vi trng hp dng lm mt ha trn th khc. Ti vng c
dng ha trn c th nhn thy r s trao i nhit mnh m nh chuyn
ng hn n v s lng cc phn t ca dng kh ti tng.
thy r hn s khc bit , ta i phn tch s thay i nhit ti
cc b mt ct khc nhau trn 2 trng hp:


56






Hnh 2.16 Bin thin nhit ti 2 mt ct x=0 v x=0.25.
Ti 2 mt ct x = 0 v x = 0.25, kt qu s thay i nhit ti mt ct
cho thy rng vi trng hp dng sun nhit ti gn thnh bung t
cao hn so vi trng hp dng c ha trn. iu th hin hiu qu lm
mt ca trng hp c dng ha trn l tt hn so vi trng hp lm mt
bng dng sun u.
thy r hn hiu qu lm mt ca tng trng hp, ta s dng cng
thc tnh hiu sut lm mt cho h thng lm mt trong bung chy ng
c:

Thit lp bng thng s cc nhit trung bnh trong tng trng hp:
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.22
dng sun
dng ha trn
Y
Temp
(K)
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.22
dng sun
dng ha trn
Y
Temp
(K)


57

Bng 1.4: Thng s nhit trung bnh cc vng tnh ton trong cc trng hp
Lm mt dng
sun
Lm mt dng c
ha trn

71% 79%
R rng kt qu tnh ton cho thy hiu sut lm mt trong trng hp
c dng ha trn lm mt cao hn vi trng hp dng lm mt sun.
2.7 Kt lun.
Vi dng lm mt c thit k bng chnh dng kh i qua tng my
nn ly tm chy bao quanh thnh bung t trao i nhit trc tip vi b
mt ngoi thnh bung t s gim nhit ca thnh bung t xung
khong nhit trn di

l phm vi nhit lm vic cho php

ca nhng vt liu chu nhit hin nay.
Hiu qu lm mt s c nng cao khi ta s dng cc dng ha trn c
hng v vn tc khc vi dng lm chnh. Khi cc dng ny i vo ha
trn vi dng kh lm mt chnh, vn tc cng nh lu lng dng kh ti
mi b mt ct ngang ca thnh bung t tng, qu trnh trao i nhit
din ra nhiu hn dn n hiu qu lm mt c ci thin. iu ny cng
ph hp vi nhng cng ngh lm mt ph bin trong ngnh hng khng.





58

Phn 3: Tnh ton kt cu v m phng thnh bung t
ng c hng khng chu ti nhit trong mi trng phn
mm ANSYS Workbench
3.1 L thuyt chung v tnh ton kt cu vt liu chu ti nhit.
3.1.1 Cc cng thc ca qu trnh truyn nhit.
Phng trnh vi phn ch o ca qu trnh truyn nhit dng tng
qut nh sau:

| | c c c c c c c | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
c c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
x y z
T T T T
k k k g C
x x z y z z t

Trong :
- g - Nhit sinh ra ca mt n v th tch [W/m
3
]
- dT gia tng nhit trong khong thi gian dt [
o
C]
- - Khi lng ring ca vt liu [kg/m
3
]
- C nhit dung ring ca vt liu [cal/g
o
C]
- kx,ky,kz : h s dn nhit theo mi hng x,y,z [cal/s cm
o
C]
3.1.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn cho qu trnh truyn nhit.
Theo phng php PTHH, nhit ti mt v tr c xp x nh sau:
| |{ }
1
( , , , ) ( , , ) ( )
=
~ = =

n
i i
i
T x y z t T N x y z T t N T
p dng tiu chun Galekin, cho phng trnh (5) v thc hin cc php
bin i ta c:

{ } [ ] { }
( | | c c c c c c | | | |
+ + +
( | | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
} }
i x y z i
V S
T T T
N k k k dV T h N N T dS
x x z y z z

{ }
[ ] 0

+ + =
} } } }
i i i i
S S V V
d T
hNT dS qN dS GN gV C N N dV
dT


Vit dng thu gn:
{ }
{ } [ ] [ ] { } + =
d T
C K T f
dt


Trong :


59


[ ] [ ] =
}
i
V
C C N N dV


| | [ ]
( | | c c c c c c | | | |
= + + +
( | | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ .
\ .
} }
i x y z i
V S
T T T
K N k k k dV h N N dS
x x y y z z



{ }

= +
} } }
i i i
S S V
f hNT dS qN dS GN gV


3.1.3 Quan h gia trng ng sut v nhit .
T kt qu li gii ca phng trnh (8), ta c c nhit ti cc
im nt ti tng thi im. Nu nhit ca cc nt c s chnh lch (hay
c gradient nhit) th n s gy ra cc bin dng nhit, v ng sut nhit s
c tnh thng qua cc bin dng ny:
{ } | |{ } | |{ } = = A
th th
D D T o c (5.8)

trong : [oth] vector ng sut nhit ca phn t
[D] ma trn vt liu (cc tnh cht thay i theo thi
gian)

{ }
th
c
- vector bin dng do nhit
- h s dn n nhit
{AT} vector gradient nhit
3.2 Bi ton kt cu thnh bung chy khi lm mt.
Bi ton m phng v tnh ton kt cu l bi ton c bn v nhiu
ngha trong ngnh k thut. Kt qu bi ton nhm nh gi hiu qu ca
mt h thng v tnh thc tin ca h thng . Sau khi ta m phng xong
qu trnh lm mt ca dng khng kh i bao quanh thnh bung t.
Nghin cu i vo xy dng v kim bn cho kt cu thnh bung t di
tc dng ca ti nhit c tnh ton.
3.2.1 M t bi ton
Thnh bung t vi kt cu n gin nh hnh v:


60


Hnh 3.1 M hnh hnh hc cho bi ton kt cu
Thnh bung t lm vic vi hn hp kh chy bn trong c nhit
cao nht khng i

. Vi khong nhit nh vy, la chn vt

liu kt cu cho thnh bung t l hp kim chu nhit Hastelloy X vi cc
thng s k thut v cc c tnh chu nhit c gii thiu phn trn.
Kt cu thnh bung t vi vt liu hp kim Hastelloy X c lm mt
trong 2 trng hp ca bi ton m phng dng lm mt. Kt qu ca bi
ton m phng dng lm mt cho ta phn b nhit trn b mt ngoi
thnh bung t. Phn b nhit ny tr thnh thng s u vo ti nhit cho
bi ton kt cu trong ANSYS.
3.2.2 Thit lp bi ton
S dng phn mm ANSYS Simulation tnh ton m phng kt cu
bi ton. M hnh s dng m phng chnh l m hnh s dng trong bi
ton m phng trao i nhit lm mt sau khi loi b vng cht lng lm
mt. M hnh li c chia t ng trong ANSYS Simulation vi thng
s v li:


61


La chn vt liu cho m hnh bng cch xy dng mt file vt liu mi
tn l Hastelloy X vi cc thng s vt l c bn ca hp kim.
Qu trnh thit lp bi ton trong ANSYS Simulation bao gm 2 bc
c bn:
- Steady State Thermal: bc phn tch nhit tnh
- Static Structural: bc phn tch kt cu tnh.
Bc phn tch nhit tnh c thit lp vi thng s u vo l phn b
b mt nhit bn ngoi thnh bung t c nhp t file kt qu ca bi
ton m phng lm mt trong ANSYS CFX. Mt nhit bn trong ca thnh
bung t p t nhit n nh

l nhit cao nht bn trong

bung t. Kt qu ca bc 1 cho ta phn b nhit trn ton min tnh
ton.
Sau khi gii xong bc 1, la chn bc 2 l bc phn tch kt cu
tnh cho m hnh vi ti nhit chnh l kt qu ca bc phn tch th nht.
Kt qu tnh ton trong ANSYS cho ta phn b v ng sut v chuyn v
ca cc nt trn ton min tnh ton.
Trong bi ton kt cu, nghin cu i vo m phng 3 trng hp so
snh nh sau:
- Trng hp 1: Kim bn kt cu thnh bung t khng c lm
mt. Ti sao phi m phng trng hp ny? Nghin cu i vo m


62

phng trng hp khng lm mt thy c yu cu bt buc ca
vt liu trong bung t phi lm mt m bo yu cu lm vic.
Vi trng hp ny vic p t nhit ln 2 b mt kt cu c thit
lp vi gi tr nhit xc nh hng s.
- Trng hp 2: Kim bn kt cu thnh bung t c lm mt
vi dng sun. Phn b nhit trn b mt ngoi ca thnh bung
t c nhp trc tip vo CFX t file .res ca kt qu bi ton m
phng dng lm mt trng hp dng sun.
- Trng hp 3: Kim bn kt cu thnh bung t c lm mt
bng dng ha trn. Tng t nh trng hp 2 vi phn b nhit
trn b mt ngoi nhp t file kt qu ca trng hp m phng
dng lm mt ha trn.
3.3 Kt qu v phn tch
Trc ht, nghin cu s i vo phn tch kt qu v nh gi bn
ca vt liu trng hp khng c lm mt vi ch v gii hn ng sut
max ca vt liu hp kim Hastelloy X m phng trong trng hp ny l:

Bng 11.1 Thng s gii hn ng
sut ca vt liu
Gii hn chy ko 355. MPa 250. MPa
Gii hn chy nn 355. MPa 250. MPa
Gii hn bn ko 793. MPa 460. MPa


63


Trng hp khng c lm mt:



Hnh 3.2 : Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp khng c lm mt
- Chuyn v max: 26.4 mm
- ng sut Vol-mises max: 4500 Mpa
Vi chuyn v v ng sut ln nh vy, vt liu hon ton b ph hy v
khng m bo yu cu hot ng. iu rt ra kt lun: Cn nht thit
phi c h thng lm mt thnh bung t.

Trng hp lm mt vi dng sun:

Hnh 3.3 Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp lm mt


64

- Chuyn v max: 0.82 mm
- ng sut Vol-mises max: 186 Mpa

Trng hp lm mt vi dng ha trn:

Hnh 3.4 Chuyn v v ng sut trng hp lm mt dng ha trn
- Chuyn v max: 0.84 mm
- ng sut Vol-mises max: 215 Mpa
So snh vi gii hn bn ca vt liu th gi tr ng sut Vol-mises ln
nht trong c 2 trng hp lm mt u nm trong phm vi cho php.
Chuyn v ca nt cng rt nh nm trong % cho php ca vt liu.
Kt qu ca bi ton, bng mt cch nh tnh c th a ra nhn xt
ban u v hiu qu lm mt ca dng kh v tnh m bo v kt cu ca
vt liu la chn cho thnh bung t. Tt nhin, trong gii hn gi thit
ban u ca cc bi ton m phng, nghin cu mi ch xt ti trng hp
n gin ha v c cu trc, kt cu v ngun nhit. Thc t qu trnh hot
ng ca bung chy cng nh h thng lm mt l rt phc tp, i hi
nhng tnh ton k lng hn v phc tp hn rt nhiu.



65

Ph lc 1: Bi ton m phng lm mt trong ANSYS CFX

1. File Report
Table 1. File Information for v150ms lam mat
Case v150ms lam mat
File Path
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-hut\Desktop\CHAY
CAC TRUONG HOP CHO DO AN\V=150MS-1 CO LO
LAM MAT\v150ms lam mat.res
File Date 25 May 2009
File Time 04:34:16 PM
File Type CFX5
File Version 11.0
Fluids Air at 25 C
Solids Nickel
Particles None









66

2. Mesh Report
Table 2. Mesh Information for v150ms lam mat
Domain
Nod
es
Elements
fluid
1339
0
53211
solid
4294
32
389310
All
Domains
4428
22
442521

3. Physics Report
Table 3. Domain Physics for v150ms lam mat
Name Location Type Materials Models
fluid B385 Fluid
Air at 25
C
Heat Transfer
Model = Thermal
Energy
Turbulence Model =
k epsilon
Turbulent Wall
Functions = Scalable
Buoyancy Model =
Non Buoyant


67

Domain Motion =
Stationary
solid B129 Solid Nickel
Domain Motion
= Stationary

Table 4. Boundary Physics for v150ms lam mat
Domain Name Location Type Settings
fluid INLET1
F353.385
, F361.385,
F362.385,
F364.385
Inlet
Flow Regime = Subsonic
Heat Transfer = Static
Temperature
Static Temperature = 600 [K]
Normal Speed = 150 [m s^-
1]
Mass And Momentum =
Normal Speed
Turbulence = Medium
Intensity and Eddy Viscosity
Ratio
fluid INLET2
F351.385
, F355.385
Inlet
Flow Regime = Subsonic
Heat Transfer = Static
Temperature
Static Temperature = 600 [K]


68

Normal Speed = 150 [m s^-
1]
Mass And Momentum =
Normal Speed
Turbulence = Medium
Intensity and Eddy Viscosity
Ratio
fluid inlet F382.385 Inlet
Flow Regime = Subsonic
Heat Transfer = Static
Temperature
Static Temperature = 600 [K]
Normal Speed = 100 [m s^-
1]
Mass And Momentum =
Normal Speed
Turbulence = Medium
Intensity and Eddy Viscosity
Ratio
fluid
Default
Fluid Solid
Interface
Side 1
F374.385
, F354.385,
F376.385,
F371.385,
F358.385,
F3...
Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux
Wall Influence On Flow =
No Slip
Wall Roughness = Smooth
Wall
fluid
periodic
1 Side 1
F359.385 Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux


69

Mass And Momentum =
Conservative Interface Flux
Turbulence = Conservative
Interface Flux
fluid
periodic
1 Side 2
F387.385 Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux
Mass And Momentum =
Conservative Interface Flux
Turbulence = Conservative
Interface Flux
fluid outlet1 F360.385 Opening
Flow Direction = Normal
to Boundary Condition
Flow Regime = Subsonic
Heat Transfer = Static
Temperature
Static Temperature =
OutletTemperature
Mass And Momentum =
Opening Pressure and
Direction
Relative Pressure = 0 [Pa]
Turbulence = Medium
Intensity and Eddy Viscosity
Ratio
fluid outlet2 F357.385 Opening
Flow Direction = Normal
to Boundary Condition


70

Flow Regime = Subsonic
Heat Transfer = Static
Temperature
Static Temperature =
OutletTemperature1
Mass And Momentum =
Opening Pressure and
Direction
Relative Pressure = 0 [Pa]
Turbulence = Medium
Intensity and Eddy Viscosity
Ratio
fluid
fluid
Default
F352.385
, F356.385,
F363.385,
F381.385,
F383.385,
F3...
Wall
Heat Transfer = Adiabatic
Wall Influence On Flow =
No Slip
Wall Roughness = Smooth
Wall
solid
Default
Fluid Solid
Interface
Side 2
F133.129
, F167.129,
F137.129,
F135.129,
F171.129,
F1...
Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux
solid
perodic
2 Side 1
F145.129 Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux


71

solid
perodic
2 Side 2
F131.129 Interface
Heat Transfer =
Conservative Interface Flux
solid
solid
Default
F143.129
, F165.129
Wall Heat Transfer = Adiabatic
solid
wall
heat
F130.129
, F144.129,
F146.129,
F147.129,
F148.129,
F1...
Wall Heat Transfer = Adiabatic


72

Ph lc 2: Bi ton m phng kim bn trong ANSYS
Units
TABLE 1
Unit System
Metric (mm, kg, N, C, s, mV,
mA)
Angle Degrees
Rotational
Velocity
rad/s
Model
Geometry
TABLE 2
Model > Geometry
Object Name Geometry
State Fully Defined
Definition
Source
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-
hut\Desktop\CHAY CAC TRUONG HOP
CHO DO AN\V=150MS-1 CO LO LAM
MAT\BC co lo lam mat (chuan).agdb
Type DesignModeler
Length Unit Meters
Element Control Program Controlled
Display Style Part Color

73

Bounding Box
Length X 273.77 mm
Length Y 119.56 mm
Length Z 78.198 mm
Properties
Volume 3.4097e+005 mm
Mass 2.8062 kg
Statistics
Bodies 1
Active Bodies 1
Nodes 2290
Elements 6110
Preferences
Import Solid Bodies Yes
Import Surface Bodies Yes
Import Line Bodies Yes
Parameter Processing Yes
Personal Parameter Key DS
CAD Attribute Transfer No
Named Selection Processing No
Material Properties Transfer No
CAD Associativity Yes

74

Import Coordinate Systems No
Reader Save Part File No
Import Using Instances Yes
Do Smart Update No
Attach File Via Temp File No
Analysis Type 3-D
Mixed Import Resolution None
Enclosure and Symmetry
Processing
No
TABLE 3
Model > Geometry > Parts
Object Name volume.2
State Meshed
Graphics Properties
Visible Yes
Transparency 1
Definition
Suppressed No
Material Hastelloy X
Stiffness Behavior Flexible
Nonlinear Material
Effects
Yes

75

Bounding Box
Length X 273.77 mm
Length Y 119.56 mm
Length Z 78.198 mm
Properties
Volume
3.4097e+005
mm
Mass 2.8062 kg
Centroid X 4.7894 mm
Centroid Y 146.1 mm
Centroid Z
-7.697e-003
mm
Moment of Inertia Ip1
3395.5
kg mm
Moment of Inertia Ip2 12320 kg mm
Moment of Inertia Ip3 14112 kg mm
Statistics
Nodes 2290
Elements 6110
Mesh



76

TABLE 4
Model > Mesh
Object Name Mesh
State Solved
Defaults
Physics Preference Mechanical
Relevance 0
Advanced
Relevance Center Coarse
Element Size Default
Shape Checking
Standard
Mechanical
Solid Element Midside
Nodes
Program
Controlled
Straight Sided Elements No
Initial Size Seed Active Assembly
Smoothing Low
Transition Fast
Statistics
Nodes 2290
Elements 6110


77

TABLE 5
Model > Mesh > Mesh Controls
Object Name
CFX-Mesh
Method
State Fully Defined
Scope
Scoping Method
Geometry
Selection
Geometry 1 Body
Definition
Suppressed No
Method CFX-Mesh
Element Midside
Nodes
Dropped
Steady-State Thermal









78

TABLE 6
Model > Analysis
Object
Name
Steady-State
Thermal
State Underdefined
Definition
Physics
Type
Thermal
Analysis
Type
Steady-State
TABLE 7
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Initial Condition
Object Name Initial Condition
State Fully Defined
Definition
Initial Temperature
Uniform
Temperature
Initial Temperature
Value
22. C





79

TABLE 8
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls
Number Of
Steps
1.
Current Step
Number
1.
Step End
Time
1. s
Auto Time
Stepping
Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Nonlinear Controls
Heat
Convergence
Program Controlled
Temperature
Convergence
Program Controlled
Line Search Program Controlled
Output Controls
Calculate
Thermal Flux
Yes

80

Calculate
Results At
All Time Points
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files
Directory
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-hut\Desktop\CHAY CAC
TRUONG HOP CHO DO AN\V=150MS-1 CO LO LAM
MAT\v150ms lam mat APNHIET Simulation Files\Steady-
State Thermal\
Future
Analysis
None
Save ANSYS
db
No
Delete
Unneeded Files
Yes
Nonlinear
Solution
No
TABLE 9
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Loads
Object Name Temperature
Temperatur
e 2
State Underdefined
Fully
Defined
Scope
Scoping
Method
Geometry Selection
Geometry
Selection

81

Geometry 18 Faces 21 Faces
Definition
Type CFX Temperature
Temperatur
e
CFX Surface Default Fluid Solid Interface Side 2
CFX Time
value
0. s
CFX Results
File
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-
hut\Desktop\SOURCE HEAT
TESTS\SOURCE 3E6 2000DOk\v150ms lam
mat.res

Suppressed No No
Magnitude
1727. C
(ramped)
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Temperature > CFX Load Transfer Summary
CFX Load Transfer Summary

CFX Computed Temperature Data from CFX Results File C:\Documents and
Settings\tung-hut\Desktop\SOURCE HEAT TESTS\SOURCE 3E6
2000DOk\v150ms lam mat.res
Average Temperature = 440.849 C

Simulation Mapped Temperature Data for Simulation Surface File
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-hut\Desktop\CHAY CAC TRUONG HOP
CHO DO AN\V=150MS-1 CO LO LAM MAT\v150ms lam mat Simulation
Files\Steady-State Thermal\\ansysfsi0.cdb
Average Temperature = 440.664 C

100% of Simulation nodes were mapped to the CFX surface.

82

FIGURE 1
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Temperature > Mapped Temperature(Iso-x)

FIGURE 2
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Temperature > Mapped Temperature(Iso-y)

FIGURE 3
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Temperature > Mapped Temperature(Iso-z)


83

FIGURE 4
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Temperature 2

Solution
TABLE 10
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Solution
Object Name Solution
State
Underdefi
ned
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement
Loops
1.
Refinement Depth 2.
TABLE 11
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Solution > Solution Information
Object
Name
Solution
Information
State Solved
Solution Information

84

Solution
Output
Solver Output
Update
Interval
2.5 s
Display
Points
All
TABLE 12
Model > Steady-State Thermal > Solution > Results
Object Name
Tempera
ture
Total Heat Flux
State Solved
Scope
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type
Tempera
ture
Total Heat Flux
Display Time End Time
Results
Minimum
345.96
C
1.4172e-015
W/mm
Maximum 1727. C 7.1023 W/mm
Information
Time 1. s

85

Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration
Number
1
Static Structural
TABLE 13
Model > Analysis
Object Name
Static
Structural
State
Fully
Defined
Definition
Physics Type Structural
Analysis
Type
Static
Structural
Options
Reference
Temp
22. C
TABLE 14
Model > Static Structural > Analysis Settings
Object Name Analysis Settings
State Fully Defined
Step Controls

86

Number Of
Steps
1.
Current Step
Number
1.
Step End
Time
1. s
Auto Time
Stepping
Program Controlled
Solver Controls
Solver Type Program Controlled
Weak
Springs
Program Controlled
Large
Deflection
Off
Inertia Relief Off
Nonlinear Controls
Force
Convergence
Program Controlled
Moment
Convergence
Program Controlled
Displacement
Convergence
Program Controlled
Rotation
Convergence
Program Controlled

87

Line Search Program Controlled
Output Controls
Calculate
Stress
Yes
Calculate
Strain
Yes
Calculate
Results At
All Time Points
Analysis Data Management
Solver Files
Directory
C:\Documents and Settings\tung-hut\Desktop\CHAY
CAC TRUONG HOP CHO DO AN\V=150MS-1 CO LO
LAM MAT\v150ms lam mat APNHIET Simulation
Files\Static Structural\
Future
Analysis
None
Save ANSYS
db
No
Delete
Unneeded Files
Yes
Nonlinear
Solution
No




88

TABLE 15
Model > Static Structural > Thermal Condition
Object Name Thermal Condition
State Fully Defined
Definition
Condition
Non-Uniform
Temperature
Thermal
Environment
Steady-State Thermal
Time End Time
Suppressed No
Solution
TABLE 16
Model > Static Structural > Solution
Object Name
Solut
ion
State
Obso
lete
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Max Refinement
Loops
1.
Refinement Depth 2.


89

TABLE 17
Model > Static Structural > Solution > Solution Information
Object Name
Solution
Information
State Not Solved
Solution Information
Solution Output Solver Output
Newton-Raphson
Residuals
0
Update Interval 2.5 s
Display Points All
TABLE 18
Model > Static Structural > Solution > Results
Object Name
Total
Deformation
Equivalent Stress
State Obsolete
Scope
Geometry All Bodies
Definition
Type
Total
Deformation
Equivalent (von-Mises)
Stress
Display Time End Time
Results

90

Minimum 0.32629 mm 3.8593e-002 MPa
Maximum 0.84535 mm 215.35 MPa
Information
Time 1. s
Load Step 1
Substep 1
Iteration
Number
1
Material Data
Hastelloy X
TABLE 19
Hastelloy X > Constants
Structural
Young's Modulus 3.45e+005 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
Density
8.23e-006
kg/mm
Thermal Expansion 1.33e-005 1/C
Tensile Yield Strength 355. MPa
Compressive Yield
Strength
355. MPa
Tensile Ultimate
Strength
793. MPa

91

Thermal
Thermal Conductivity
9.5e-003
W/mm C
Specific Heat 486. J/kg C